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Neisseria meningitidis is one of the most frequent causes of meningitis and septicemia worldwide [1, 2], being not only responsible for 1020% of specific meningococcal - related mortality but also the cause of (particularly pediatric) long - term morbidity as it leads to permanent neurological sequelae and disabilities... |
Hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a leading cause of end - stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma [1, 2]. Hcv - related liver disease is the most common indication for orthotopic liver transplantation in the usa and northern europe and for living donor liver transplantation (ldlt) in japan [3, 4, 5]. Unfor... |
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is endemic in more than 70 countries in the world (1). The available drugs for leishmaniasis treatment are expensive and toxic, cause to severe side effects and there is an increasing incidence of drug resistance (2, 3). Therefore there is a need for an effective vaccine to control and prev... |
Lithium ion batteries are the power source of choice for most mobile electronic devices . These systems generally work using the insertion and removal of lithium ions into host materials, resulting in redox and structural changes during the electrochemical cycling . Lifepo4 adopts the olivine structure type ((mg, fe)2s... |
Tinea corporis (b35.6) caused by microsporum canis which is fungal species that causes numerous forms of disease . Though mostly well known for ringworm in pets, it is also known to infect humans . We will report about a case, 22-year - old female, residing in a village, with typical changes of a mycotic infection caus... |
P. brasiliensis isolates and patient sera - five human p. brasiliensis isolates were included in this study, one belonging to the s1 species from botucatu, state of so paulo (sp), brazil (pb265), one of the ps3 species from colombia (epm83) and the other three belonging to p. lutzii from goinia, state of gois, brazil (... |
In september 2007, the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists (acog) in its committee's opinion recommended that labium minus operations can be performed to alter the size or shape (labioreduction) for the following medical indications: labial hypertrophy or asymmetrical labial growth secondary to congenit... |
The sporting career of an athlete depends not only on how soon he can return back to his sporting activity but also on the level of return to sports, with the least long - term complications . Rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (acl) results in a mechanically unstable joint, resulting in difficulty in athletic perfo... |
Ewing's sarcoma (ews) is an aggressive osteolytic tumor of bone and rapidly disseminates to other sites . It shares the histological features with other malignant small round cell tumors (msrct). Therefore the defining cytogenetic abnormality is a balanced translocation t(11;22) expressing the ews / friend leukemia int... |
Most inhibitors occur at an early age and usually within the first 50 exposure days . As such however, it should be acknowledged that there are no clear data that demonstrate an increased risk of inhibitor when switching fviii concentrate in patients prior to 50 exposure days . Certain clinical scenarios have been asso... |
In view of growing awareness of the side - effects of some orthodox medicines, people are turning more towards alternative medicines with fewer and less - toxic side - effects, and homeopathy has become a major complementary and alternative medicine (cam) in many countries today . In homeopathy, microdoses of very high... |
Urinary tract infection (uti) is the most common infection contracted by renal allograft recipients . In patients of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd), cyst infection presents a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially in the post transplant period . Consequently, early and reliable d... |
Gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) is defined as abnormal glucose tolerance that is first identified or diagnosed during pregnancy . It is estimated that approximately 2% to 5% of all pregnancies in korean women are complicated by gdm . The clinical significance of gdm is that it increases the risk of adverse pregnanc... |
Parkinson's disease (pd) is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, the incidence of which rises with age, with the life - time risk of developing the disease standing at 1.5% (lees et al ., 2009). The two classical hallmarks are a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra pars compac... |
Androgens control sexual function in the male and are central to the anabolic processes that underlie the development of male sexual and physiological characteristics [mooradian et al ., serum androgen levels are low prior to puberty and climb exponentially during adolescence in the male, leading to the enhanced muscle... |
Small molecule natural products provide opportunities for scientific advances in chemistry and biology through their study . An excellent example of this line of investigation is the discovery and study of cell - specific apoptosis - inducing natural products . In the 1990s seto and hayakawa initiated a cell - based sc... |
Violence can be defined as overt behavior that involves the intent to inflict noxious stimulation or to behave destructively toward another organism . Violent behavior in human society is a complex output of biological, behavioral, and social factors . Epilepsy and violent behavior have long been regarded as similar be... |
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13321 - 015 - 0089-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . Recent work has demonstrated the power of network - based approaches in drug discovery [13]. We have shown previously that a large semantic network of drug target interactions... |
Claims data are generated primarily from administrative transactions and are essential for the accounting and reimbursement purposes associated with health care delivery . Increasingly, however, administrative claims data are repurposed for real - world observational studies in the united states and other developed cou... |
A cornerstone of ligand optimization in drug discovery research is the comparison of activity and property data for a collection of molecules which are related by similar structural cores. (1) in order to rationalize the relationship between structure and activity, it is often beneficial to organize the structures in t... |
Successful replacement of metal - ceramic dental restorations by all ceramic core - veneer restorations has long been one of the goals of scientific dental research . The durability and effective long term service of all ceramic systems especially in load bearing situations have yet to be proven.234 few long term clini... |
Clinical diagnosis of occlusal caries is challenging due to the complex morphology of pits and fissures and presence of staining . Early diagnosis of incipient and non - cavitated carious lesions is crucial for performing preventive treatments . Visual examination is more efficient for diagnosis of cavitated rather tha... |
Salivary gland neoplasms constitute an important area in the field of pathology of head and neck region . They are mainly classified as either hodgkin's or non - hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl). Nhl comprises a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with a spectrum of behaviour ranging from relatively indolent to highly ag... |
Animals: six crossbred dogs with naturally occurring tvt (three males and three females, 25 years of age and weighing 1129 kg) were obtained from a community that promotes the welfare of dogs and dogs family planning (dog chance, ratchaburi province, thailand). The dogs were individually housed in cages at the laborato... |
Exposure to noise, environmental or occupational, can bring on a wide array of effects, depending on factors such as level and characteristics of the hazardous noise, the duration of the exposure and individual susceptibility . The investigation of sensorineural, cochlear hearing loss relies upon audiometric data such ... |
Minorities in the us are more likely to experience health and health - care disparities than their majority counterparts . While many factors may contribute to these disparities, discrimination has been shown to be one of the most prominent.1,2 the body of literature linking discrimination with health and health - care... |
In the context of neuroimaging, machine learning approaches have been used so far to address diagnostic problems, where patients were classified into different groups based on anatomical or functional data . By contrast, in cognitive studies, the standard framework for functional or anatomical brain mapping was based o... |
An overarching societal goal is to understand animal and human intelligence and translate that knowledge into technology for prosthetic, assistive, and decision support applications . Traditional research in this field considers the brain to be a specially adapted information - processing system, which can be modeled u... |
Computers now play an increasingly important role in our daily lives, and their use is associated with lower back pain . The sacroiliac joint (sij) is a widely described source of low back pain . Therapeutic approaches to relieve this pain include the application of a pelvic compression belt (pcb)1 . Researchers have s... |
Infections are common in patients with cirrhosis and have been found in up to 66% of patients with variceal hemorrhage . Prophylactic treatment with third generation cephalosporins is recommended in patients with advanced cirrhosis and gastrointestinal bleeding to cover for the predominant causative gut flora organisms... |
Coal is an important basic energy and raw material in china, and it accounts for 70% of primary energy . However, due to the complexity and particularity of the coal mine, safety accidents cannot be well controlled, and it still is the key factor to restrict coal production capacity . On the other hand, the influence o... |
De ridder, vanneste, and focquaert address concerns relating to the definition of a ced and the distinction between treatment and enhancement . They raise a number of problems with the treatment - enhancement distinction and suggest that we need to ask whether we are prepared to change the definition of health used by ... |
Oral hygiene habits are instilled in childhood itself irrespective of the nationality or geographic location of an individual . The most reliable and accepted method of oral hygiene maintenance the world over are mechanical methods of tooth cleaning but adjuvants for decreasing plaque formation and maintaining oral hyg... |
Taurodontism is defined as the enlargement of the pulp cavity of a molar tooth at the expense of root length . The name was given because of the apparent similarity between these teeth and those of ungulates, especially bulls . Hence, we have the term taurodont, tauro from the latin term for bull and do nt from the gre... |
There have always been concerns about the long - term durability of composite resin restorations . These restorations may have a short lifespan due to the degradation of resin dentin interface . Water wet bonding technique was introduced in the beginning of 1990s with the aim of preventing collapse of collagen fibrils ... |
Caesarean section is the delivery of the fetus, placenta, and membranes after the age of viability through an abdominal and uterine incision.1 there is a wide global variation in the incidence of caesarean section . The general range is from 5% to 25% with a continued rise in developed countries while in developing cou... |
Various environmental chemicals, industrial pollutants and food additives have been implicated as causing harmful effects . One such food additive is monosodium glutamate (msg) and it is sold in most open market stalls and stores in nigeria as the safety of msg's usage has generated much controversy locally and globall... |
Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, which is inherited in autosomal recessive pattern due to deficient activity of the enzyme alpha l fucosidase . Type i presents in infancy with a very rapid progression of illness and death in early childhood, whereas type ii presents later with lesser severity although ... |
Sequencing the complete genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv is a major milestone in the genome project and it sheds new light in our fight with tuberculosis . The genome contains around 4000 genes (protein - coding sequences) in the original genome annotation . However, we have found that the intergenic regions ... |
However, oxygen also poses a potential hazard via reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns), with biological and functional alterations of lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) [13]. Therefore, ros / rns have been initially considered as harmful products of the normal aerobic metabol... |
We aimed to compare the international association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups (iadpsg) and the world health organization (who) criteria to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) in chennai, india . We reviewed the retrospective data of 1351 pregnant women who underwent screening for gdm at four selecte... |
Bronchial provocation testing may be employed for a variety of purposes, but it is most commonly used to assess the tendency of the bronchi to narrow in response to exogenous stimuli . Testing can be done by direct and indirect challenges using a number of different agents (table 1).table 1agents commonly used in bronc... |
Saudi arabia (sa) is a large country with an area of about 2.2 million square kilometers and total population exceeding 27 million, of which 69% are saudis . Less than one quarter of cancer patients in sa present with localized disease . Indeed, most cancer patients present with advanced disease with regional or distan... |
Tuberculosis (tb) is common disease in developing and developed countries caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis)14). The most common initial infection site is the lung, but the brain can be infected by hematogenous transmission . Tb meningitis and tuberculoma are... |
Left ventricular noncompaction (lvnc) is a rare primary congenital cardiomyopathy arising from intrauterine arrest of myocardial compaction . It results in persistent prominent ventricular trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses and is characterized morphologically by 2 layers i.e., thin compacted epicardial l... |
The deregulation of signaling pathways in tumors can lead to enhanced cancer cell growth, proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis or reduced apoptosis 1, 2 . Such pathways became the focus of the development of targeted cancer therapies during the last decades 3 - 5 . Kinases are of special interest within th... |
The fastq file for illumina genome analyzer iix (gaiix) run accession srr944107 (single - end reads) was downloaded from http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/srr944107, having sourced the accession code via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=gse49302 . Briefly, hek293 t cells were suspended in 1% low - mel... |
Collagen is a major connective tissue protein that plays an important role in the extracellular matrix in animals . As such atelocollagen is a type of soluble collagen produced from tropocollagen, the collagen molecule that makes up collagen fibrils, via the elimination of the telopeptide moieties, which are considered... |
In order to characterize the radial undulations from a simulated vesicle, we start by recasting the positions of the bilayer beads into an equi - angular discrete surface representation using a, -grid (colatitude and longitude respectively), where [0,] and [0, 2], with = 0 at the northern pole . The angular resolution ... |
Recent research indicates that at least one - third of us adults report regularly getting less than the 79 hours of sleep per night recommended by the national sleep foundation . Insufficient sleep, variably defined, has been associated with health - risk behaviors, such as smoking [2, 3], alcohol use [2, 3], and with ... |
Because steroid hormones play an important role in a wide range of physiological processes, the potential to disturb endocrine effects is a major concern in the development of novel pharmaceutical drugs such as etomidate and aminoglutethimide . The adrenal gland is the most common target for toxicity in the endocrine s... |
Chronic low - grade inflammation (inflammaging) in the elder population is considered a risk factor for the development of aging - related diseases and frailty . Geriatric frailty is associated with increased inflammatory activity as increased levels of several biomarkers like tnf - a, interleukin-6 (il-6), cytokine an... |
Osteopoikilosis, spotted bone disease or osteopathia condensans is a rare asymptomatic bone dysplasia of unknown etiology.1 it is characterized by an abnormality in bone maturation process and often found incidentally on radiologic examination . Albers - schonberg was the first to describe this uncommon sclerosing bone... |
Adverse drug reactions such as dermatologic events and hypersensitivity are common health conditions, which account for 3%6% of all hospital admissions and occur in 10%15% of hospitalized patients.1 adverse drug reactions are side effects of many medical treatments for chronic diseases . Postmarketing monitoring of dru... |
Primary plasma cell leukemia (ppcl) is a very aggressive form of plasma cell disorder . Ppcl is very rare, reported in only 4 - 6% of patients with multiple myeloma (mm). Ppcl is defined as the presence of more than 20% plasma cells in the peripheral blood and an absolute plasma cell count greater than 2 10/l, without ... |
In this issue of the jem, two articles describe a potential role for two bacterial toxins in the modulation of the immune system by interfering with t cell signaling . Using an in vitro jurkat t cell system, gerke et al . (8) report that yersinia pseudotuberculosis inhibits t cell activation and that the inhibitory act... |
Membrane proteins (mps) constitute about 30% of all the proteins encoded in the currently known genomes, and play critical roles in cell signaling, ion transport, and cell - cell communications, as well as assist the folding of other mps (1). Because of these biological significance, mps represent the most important cl... |
Liver diseases are common all over the world as well as in india; and the prevalence of liver diseases is likely to increase in future . Liver plays an important role in metabolism of thyroid and gonadal hormones like conjugation, excretion, peripheral deiodination, and synthesis of thyroid - binding globulin (tbg) and... |
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (art) is essential for maximal suppression of viral replication and avoidance of drug resistance . As such, good adherence is believed to be a critical determinant of long - term survival among hiv - infected individuals . Where availability of second - line or salvage antiretroviral... |
Nowadays, anterior ankle arthroscopy is routinely used for the treatment of the anterior ankle impingement syndrome and talar osteochondral defects [9, 27], although the technique can be used for a wide variety of ankle pathology . The anterolateral portal in anterior ankle arthroscopy is created lateral to the peroneu... |
Marine sponges (porifera) have been prolific sources of many interesting bioactive substances and are still an important resource for marine natural product chemistry . In the course of our studies on biologically active natural products of marine organisms, we have recently isolated four new melophlins p (1), q (2), r... |
Recently, esthetic requirements in dental restorative treatment are on the rise . For this reason, recent attention - drawing material is zirconia which is a biocompatible material with stable structure . Flexural strength and fracture toughness of zirconia reaches up to 900 - 1200 mpa and 9 - 10 mpam1,2 respectively, ... |
Only a few cases have been reported, being described for the first time by kersting and helming . Though the majority of eccrine spiradenomas involve the head, trunk, and extremities, they can also appear all throughout the skin, mostly as painless solitary nodules . Our case report is a malignant eccrine spiradenoma (... |
Upper and lower limb innervation is greatly affected by brachial and lumbosacral plexus lesion, leading to loss of motor and sensory function [17]. In the neonate, such injuries are even more harmful, since surgical treatment is limited and neuronal loss is particularly enhanced by neurotrophic factors deprivation . No... |
Pathogen bioinformatics have been developed and applied as a vehicle to discover novel genes and the search for virulence - associated genes combining approaches that assay gene expression, adaptive evolution and gene transfer [1 - 3]. In this study, layers of data about plasmodium falciparum, obtained with gene transc... |
Desktop computer and laptop use is becoming common, and computing - related musculoskeletal symptoms are considered important health problems in university students and office workers1,2,3,4 . Previous studies have indicated that improper sitting posture during visual display terminal (vdt) work (e.g., desktop computer... |
Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (lsh) has continued to represent a favorable alternative to total abdominal hysterectomy (tah) for the treatment of benign gynecologic conditions, particularly due to the reduced complication rates, shorter surgery / hospital stay, and prompt resumption of patient daily living ac... |
A 76-year - old woman with hypertension was admitted to the hospital with complaints of chest pain and dyspnea . Arterial blood gas analysis revealed the following findings of hypoxemia and hypocapnia: po2, 36.7 mmhg; and pco2, 30.4 mmhg . The patient's cardiac enzyme values were: creatine kinase - mb, 105 ng / ml; and... |
Cancer remains one of the major causes of death in children between the ages of 1 15 years.1 pediatric cancers differ markedly from adult cancers in their nature, distribution and prognosis . Pediatric oncologists face unique challenges because treatment with irradiation, surgery and chemotherapy can adversely affect t... |
It was observed in 1910 that a sufficiently high concentration of guanosine could form a gel, unlike the other nucleobases, and in 1962 it was discovered that four guanosine can self - assemble to form a hydrogen - bonded square, with bonds between the n1o6 and n2n7 positions . This structure is known as a g - tetrad o... |
While over 90% of vulvar malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas, other histologic types include melanomas, basal cell carcinomas, sarcomas, extramammary paget's disease, and bartholin gland adenocarcinomas . Ectopic breast tissue in the vulva was first described by hartung in 1872, and since that time, several cases... |
The 25 years millennium development goals target number 4 (mdg4) of the united nations required the reduction of the mortality rate of children below 5 years of age (u5mr) by a factor of 67% by the end of 2015 . This translated to the saving of extra 520 babies per day out of the estimated 781 that died every day in ni... |
Short - term intrathecal triamcinolone - acetonide (tca) treatment significantly influences levels of two proteins expressed by astroglia: s-100b and tau protein, suggesting reduction of astrocytic activationin this study, short - term intrathecal tca treatment did not change neurofilament heavy - chain levels, suggest... |
A total of 3,316 patients, who were referred for coronary angiography to ludwigshafen heart center in southwest germany, were recruited between july 1997 and january 2000 . Inclusion criteria were german ancestry, clinical stability except for acute coronary syndromes, and the availability of a coronary angiogram . One... |
Spastic torticollis, also known as stiff neck or wryneck, is a condition in which the head is laterally flexed and rotated on the neck, secondary to painful spasm of the neck muscles . There may be a report of the patient having slept in a draft from a fan, open window, or air conditioner . The patient is generally afe... |
Thyroid lesions containing gross fat include heterotopic fat nests, thyrolipoma, teratoma, liposarcoma, and thyroid cancers of the papillary or follicular type (234567). Most of these cases are only described upon obtaining pathological data after surgery; radiologic methods are of limited use (89). With the approval o... |
A 65-year - old male patient visited the department of oral medicine of the institute for getting his missing teeth replaced . On intraoral clinical examination of the patient, a deep red - colored multinodular but small swelling (measuring 1.5 cm 2 cm 2 cm) was observed in the left posterior palatal region (missing 26... |
Malignant melanoma is a malignant tumor of the melanocytes or the cells that develop from melanocytes . Histologically, malignant melanomas are asymmetrical and poorly circumscribed lesions with architectural disturbance and usually marked cytological atypia . The major histologic subtypes of melanoma are superficial s... |
They give rise to all the other major brain cell types, which include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons . However, molecular pathways, which are complicated and control the proliferation and differentiation of nscs, have been characterized incompletely to date . There is multiple indirect evidence suggesting a ... |
The a: icr (crl: cd1(icr)) and b: icr (tac: icr) mice were purchased from two different commercial laboratory animal breeding company in korea . The mice were housed in a pathogene - free animal facility under a standard 12 h light / dark cycle, maintained in conventional housing conditions at 221 and 5010% relative hu... |
With development of thoracic diseases and thoracic surgery skills, spinal posterior pedicle internal fixation has been clinically used to treat thoracic fractures and tumors, according to the spinal 3-column theory of denis . It has become an important spinal fixation operation due to its slight operational trauma, sho... |
A sound, agreeable or disagreeable, is a stimulus discerned by the sense of hearing . Disagreeable or undesired sounds were described as noises, which may cause undesirable masking of sounds, may interfere with speech and communication, may produce pain, injury and brief or perpetual loss of hearing . The acoustic envi... |
The growing resistance of pathogens is one of the biggest public problems worldwide.1 multidrug - resistant bacterial strains can cause severe infections as they are no longer responsive to most conventional antibiotics.2,3 to combat these pathogens, efforts have been extended to develop a new generation of antibiotics... |
Chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, and trichomonas vaginalis are known pathogens in sexually transmitted infection (sti). However, most of those species present atypical symptoms and some patients have no symptoms [1 - 3]. Therefore, physicians sometimes have difficulty in making a dif... |
After the implementation of the first prenatal care in the late 1930s in england and northern ireland (1), little by little, it has become recognized that there is a gap in the continuum of maternal care and that preconception care, which is the missing link in this continuum, can improve pregnancy outcomes, parturitio... |
The first pandemic reportedly occurred in 412 bc,, and the first attributed to influenza in 1580 ., since then, 31 influenza pandemics have been described; the five most recent in 1889, 1900, 1918, 1957 and 1968,,,,, were separated respectively by 11, 18, 39 and 11 years . The present threat of a new influenza pandemic... |
They are subjected to continuous operation of stressful factors caused by the exploitation of the roads . These are mainly emissions, dust from the wear of tires and the clutch disc, and the chemical substances used to maintain the roads in the winter (abollino et al . 2002; conde et al . 2009; jiries et al . 2002; pet... |
It accounts for <1% of all hernias . Typically, they manifest in multiparous, thin females within their seventh to ninth decades of life . Patients frequently present with symptoms of intestinal obstruction and, occasionally, pain along the distribution of the obturator nerve on the ipsilateral side (howship romberg si... |
Oral myiasis is a rare condition that refers to the invasion of tissue of the oral cavity by fly larvae . The term myiasis (greek: myia= fly, iasis = disease) was coined by hope in 1840 and it was first described by laurance in 1909 . Zumpt defined myiasis as the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with di... |
Dexamethasone, see scheme 1 for molecular structure, is a synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs that has anti - inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects . It is more potent than cortisol in its glucocorticoid effect, while having minimal mineralocorticoid effect . Based on the who's list of es... |
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is strictly related to cad (coronary artery disease); in fact 7080% of diabetic patients die of cardiovascular complications; moreover, these patients have a risk of myocardial infarction about four times higher than that found in the general population [13]. Several noninvasive techniques are ... |
It is estimated that over 70% of adults have at least one episode of low back pain during their lifetimes.2 prevalence is higher in young, economically active adults in south american populations;3 indeed, low back pain is the second most common reason for absenteeism from work, and one of the most common reasons for m... |
African oil bean (pentaclethra macrophylla benth) is a member of the family leguminosae . It is popular in nigeria where it is known by several names such as apara in yoruba, ukana in efik, and, the most prominent, ugba / ukpaka in igbo . Ugba is a popular igbo condiment and delicacy made from traditional household sol... |
Recent results from the national institutes of health (nih) frequent hemodialysis network (fhn) daily trial and the following rehabilitation, economics and everyday - dialysis outcome measurements (freedom) study have provided confirmation of the clinical and quality of life (qol) benefits of short daily hemodialysis (... |
Along with the introduction of effective therapeutic agents such as somatostatin analogue (ssa), multityrosine kinase inhibitor and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, much improvement has been made in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (net). Especially, the promid and radiant studies proved the effectiveness... |
Oral leukoplakia (olep) is defined as a white plaque of questionable risk that is diagnosed after excluding other known diseases or disorders that carry no additional risk for cancer . Olep is a clinical term that requires the application of strict diagnostic criteria for its classification . Olep may present a wide sp... |
Osteosarcoma is a malignancy of mesenchymal cells that have the ability to produce osteoid or immature bone . Osteosarcoma of the head and neck is relatively rare and constitutes only around 8.4% of all osteosarcomas, while in the jaw there is an estimated incidence of 0.7 per million population . Gnathic osteosarcomas... |
Labor is induced for a variety of reasons, such as preventing prolongation of pregnancy (1), rupture of membranes in the absence of labor, and diseases that threaten the mother or fetus (2). The readiness of the cervix is important for successfully inducing labor and reducing the need for assisted birth and cesarean se... |
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40121 - 014 - 0043 - 9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . A member of the togaviridae family, infection with the chikungunya virus (chikv) has emerged as a major public health concern, resulting in outbreaks of fever and debilitati... |
There has been a striking upsurge in tuberculosis (tb) vaccine research in china in recent years . More than 80 papers reporting such research have been published since 2004 (figure 1), many in english language journals . This has been driven and funded largely by chinese government agencies, since the scale of the tb ... |
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