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Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain defined as a pain caused by damages to or dysfunction of somatosensory system and can expresses itself in the following forms: allodynia, hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain (1). Along with causing changes to nervous system, neuropathic pain can decrease physical activity levels (2, 3)...
The majority of cellular proteins exist as symmetric oligomers with distinct biochemical and biophysical properties, which often provide the means for additional regulation of their function at the post - translational level . The study of oligomeric systems in solution is frequently hindered by their large molecular w...
Creutzfeldt - jakob disease(cjd) is a subacutely progressive neurological disorder caused by deposition of prion proteins in brain . It is a very rare entity and the world - wide incidence is 0.5 - 1.0 cases per million per year . A majority of cases are sporadic, some cases are familial, carrying a prion protein mutat...
Forearm fractures are the most common childhood fracture that presents to the emergency room in the united states . Despite improvements in many childhood conditions, the incidence of forearm fractures in pediatric patients has increased throughout the last few decades . More concerning, children with a history of a fo...
The nonvenereal dermatoses can be classified into five groups based on pathogenesis: inflammatory diseases (psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, lichen planus), infections and infestations (scabies, dermatophytosis), congenital disorders (median raphe cyst), benign abnormalities (angiokeratoma of fordyce, sebaceous cyst),...
Myxoma is a benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin composed of undifferentiated stellate cells in a myxoid stroma, which were differentiated into altered fibroblasts and lost their ability to produce normal collagen18). Myxoma can arise in a variety of locations; heart, subcutaneous and aponeurotic tissues, bone, genito...
The preeruptive migration of a tooth across the midline is termed as transmigration . Initially, the term transmigration was used only if the entire length of the impacted canine had migrated and crossed the midline of the mandible . However, javid modified the definition by suggesting that one half or more of the leng...
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of trends in dengue diagnoses among hospitalized patients using the national inpatient sample, the largest all - payer database of hospital discharges in the united states . The database is maintained as part of the healthcare cost and utilization project by the agency for h...
Analysis of flow over a vertical surface with simultaneous heat and mass transfer from different geometrics embedded in porous media has many engineering and geophysical applications such as geothermal reservoirs, drying of porous solids, thermal insulation, enhanced oil recovery, packed - bed catalytic reactors, and u...
The development of simple creatinine - based equations to estimate kidney function has contributed to raise the epidemics of chronic kidney disease (ckd) to the category of major public health problem . Ckd is an important contributor to the burden of non - communicable diseases, leading to poor quality of life and sev...
Aside from non - melanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer (pc) is the most common cancer in men in the united states and europe, with a rapid increasing incidence in the last two decades . Radiotherapy is one of the most important curative options in treating localized pc . For high - risk pc, standard dose (70 gy) plus l...
Common failure of the root canal obturation process is because of the presence of gaps and porosities at the sealer / dentin interface . Several studies have shown that filled root canals can allow the re - colonization of micro - organisms . The presence of micro - organisms and their products in the treated root cana...
A systematic review of literature was performed to identify the prevalence of adhd in iranian children and adolescents (up to 18 years old) from 1977 . Inclusion criteria were: 1) conducting a study by generalizability of the produced data to the population of the same age; 2) using valid instruments to assess adhd dia...
Exposure to ionizing radiation generates several reactive oxygen species (ros), like hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, aqueous electron, and superoxide in the aqueous medium . Such ros have harmful effects on macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and dna and damages cellular function, leading to multiple disorder...
Cancer is a bitter truth that affects the life of millions of people and has turned into one of the greatest tensions in their life . It is also one of the main causes of mortality in iran . Among all types of cancer, breast cancer is one of the main causes of death and disease all over the world whose incidence is inc...
A 33-year - old female patient presented at the emergency room with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting that had persisted for a day . The patient had a history of child birth eight months prior, and had proximal deep vein thrombosis (dvt) on the left common femoral vein during the 36th week of pregnancy . An inferio...
The primary objective of root canal treatment is debridement to achieve thorough disinfection and obturation of the canal space . Development of a periapical lesion signifies the presence of bacteria in the root canal system, in particular in its apical portion where they can exist in a biofilm and pose a challenge to ...
Over the last few years, the number of people infected with multidrug - resistant bacteria has been rising in a number of countries, among them germany . As a characteristic feature, this inhibits the efficacy of antibiotic treatment, with serious consequences for the health of infected individuals, the utilization of ...
Craniosynostosis is a wonderfully descriptive term, meaning " the skull has fused bone " . However, it is also a fairly nonspecific clinical designation, encompassing multiple presentations ranging from isolated single suture involvement to multi - sutural fusions5). Multi - sutural fusion can occur as isolated fusions...
The health of the elderly has elicited considerable social attention . With the social and economic development, health care conditions and living standards improve continuously, thus improving the physical health of the elderly and prolonging their life span . According to statistics from the chinese ministry of healt...
The discovery and analysis of ncrnas has become an important step in the understanding of the genomics behind human disease . Genomics in humans has in the past tended to concentrate on the small percentage (12%) of genomic space coding for proteins . Since the vast majority of human ncrnas lie in non - coding regions ...
Intraorally, it presents as a soft - tissue swelling of the maxillary anterior mucolabial fold, lateral to midline leading to obliteration of the nasolabial fold . It is submucosal and extraosseous, spreads in the labial sulcus and expands all the soft tissues outwards . Extraorally, it appears as a swelling between th...
The treatment options for graves' disease consist of antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine (rai) therapy, and surgery . Rai therapy has been used for the treatment of graves' disease for more than seven decades, and in most studies, it has not been associated with an increased risk of cancer . On the other hand, severa...
It is very important to distinguish m. abscessus from other nontubercular mycobacteria (ntm) as antimycobacterial therapy is significantly more complex . A 53-year - old male patient from gujarat (india), with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and a stable dilated cardiomyopathy was shifted ...
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, characterized by chronic polyarthritis that induces joint damage and functional disability . Tumor necrosis factor (tnf) plays a key role in the ra pathogenesis, and anti - tnf agents have shown good efficacy in treating refractory ra, especially w...
The concept of this treatment started in the united states in the 1980s in randomized controlled studies in different cancers, resulting in reported significant increases in survival and disease - free period.13 its efficacy is enhanced by 20%30% when cell - based immunotherapy is combined with other conventional treat...
Lennox gastaut syndrome (lgs) is an uncommon but refractory epileptic encephalopathy of childhood, with a peak onset at 35 years of age.13 it is classified by the international league against epilepsy as a symptomatic generalized syndrome and requires a triad of clinical characteristics for diagnosis.4 first, patients ...
A detailed description of patients with history of recurrent respiratory infections and progressive renal failure was given 1979 . The case under discussion has various rare features like young age of the patient, associated glomerulopathy causing nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function, which is showing gradual d...
In a recent study we provided experimental evidence that sorla indeed is the molecular link between app and the retromer sorting complex . The cargo binding activity of the retromer is historically assigned to the trimer of vps26-vps29-vps35, whereas the snx subunit is responsible for membrane association (reviewed rec...
It is predicted that by 2025, the prevalence of hypertension (htn) will increase by 60% to a total of 1.56 billion worldwide suggesting that htn remains a major public health problem . Htn in sub - saharan africa (ssa) has also been on the rise with reports indicating higher values in urban settings compared to rural s...
This article describes the origins and rationale for the mcandrews leadership lecture and explains why the american chiropractic association honors george and jerome mcandrews . George mcandrews, a lawyer, administered a permanent injunction forbidding the american medical association s restraint of trade toward the ch...
Obesity is the most common metabolic disorder and results from the combined effects of excess energy intake and reduced energy expenditure . Obesity is associated with a variety of clinical disorders, including hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia . It is well known that an oversupply...
We report a male child diagnosed with bilateral choroidal osteoma, high myopia and secondary choroidal neovascularization (cnv) membrane in one eye . Co - existence of posterior staphyloma made the clinical diagnosis of choroidal osteoma difficult due to the osteoma filling the depression of the posterior staphyloma . ...
Point - of - care testing (poct) is an increasingly popular means of delivering laboratory tests close to the patient . Poct allows for rapid diagnostics and turnaround of test results to provide for faster medical decision - making and improved patient outcomes (1). However, if inappropriate samples are collected, spe...
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a conserved pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic material and the recycling of nutrients . During autophagy, a double - membrane organelle called autophagosome is formed in a de novo manner . Autophagosomes originate from a crescent - shaped structure termed the isolation m...
The study design and the primary results of the ascend - hf trial have been published.5,13 in brief, the trial was conducted, with ethical approval, beginning may 18, 2007 through august 2010 at 398 centers globally . Patients were included in ascend - hf if they were hospitalized for adhf occurring within 24 hours bef...
In recent years, morbidity and mortality of nosocomial infections have increased, at least partly due to the increased frequency of antibiotic resistance in both gram - positive and gram - negative organisms . In the past, gram - negative aerobes were the most frequently reported pathogens, but staphylococcus aureus ha...
Therefore, to increase the effectiveness of health education, information given to patients verbally should be supplemented and reinforced with written materials . Some advantages of written materials are consistency of message, ready availability of the required information, and ability to share this information . The...
Therefore, the clinical difference in myocardial infarction (mi) between men and women could affect the diagnosis and time of decision making for treatment and hence disease outcomes . Knowledge of clinical symptoms and risk factors contribute to the prognosis of mi mortality in men and women differently . Documentatio...
The patient had a 25% tbsa burn, which included a mixture of second - degree, deep second - degree, and third - degree burns involving the anterior aspect of the right lower extremity, the medial aspect of the left lower extremity, and the dorsum of both feet (figure 1a). B. patient s burns demonstrate conversion of se...
Strategies for cancer prevention necessarily focus on eliminating unhealthy lifestyle habits such as alcoholism or cigarette smoking or improving both diet and exercise patterns which are believed to contribute to about one - third of annual cancer deaths worldwide [14]. Over the last decades, accumulating epidemiologi...
It does not only affect the couples' life, but it affects the healthcare services and social environment . A male factor is solely responsible in about 20% of infertile couples and contributory in another 3040% . If a male infertility factor is present, it is almost always defined by the finding of an abnormal semen an...
Perennially frozen and glacierized high - alpine areas react very sensitively to changes in air temperature and even small differences in temperature determine their frozen status . As a consequence, glaciers in the european alps, for example, have lost 3040% of surface area since the end of the little ice age (middle ...
Allergy to grass pollen is one of the most common inhalant allergies in the western world . In an unselected healthy population it has been found that 8 to 21% of children and 13% of adults are sensitized to grass pollen . In selected populations of allergic subjects 44% are allergic to grass pollen . Allergic rhinocon...
The following probe oligonucleotides were made for nf-b - dse - fret (f, 6fam; d, dabcyl; lowercase letters, single - stranded tail; underline, nf-b binding site): 5-fag ttg agg gga ctt tcc cag gcg act cac tat agg cgg tgt ctc gct cgc-3 (nf-01f), 5-agt tga ggg gac ttt ccc agg cga ctc act ata ggc acc aca cca ttc cc-3 (nf...
F - fluoro - deoxy - glucose (fdg), an f - labeled glucose analog, is the most common radiotracer for positron emission tomography (pet) in cancer diagnosis . However, fdg - pet has several limitations in practice, for example, fdg cannot distinguish tumor tissues from inflammatory or normal brain tissues . Therefore, ...
Though thousands of transition - metal hydride complexes are known, relatively few of them have unpaired electrons . Even fewer have metals with a high - spin electronic configuration, since hydride is a strong - field ligand and since hydride complexes are often supported by strong - field ancillary ligands . In a ser...
Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors) were introduced in denmark in 1990 and are currently recommended as a preventive treatment for men and women of all ages at high risk of cardiovascular events.1 during the past two decades, statins have become one of the most commonly used groups of d...
The frequency of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (utuc) is approximately 5% of urothelial malignancies and <10% of renal tumors . This cancer can be treated by radical nephroureterectomy with excision of the bladder cuff, but treatment is often problematic owing to difficulties in early diagnosis, the high inc...
Knowledge of maxillary artery (ma) and its branches in the infratemporal region is of great importance in dental, oral, and maxillofacial surgeries . It arises behind the mandibular neck, then passes medial to the mandibular neck and superficial or deep to the lower head of lateral pterygoid to reach the pterygoid foss...
Brain abscesses arise from a contiguous focus of infection, a direct implantation due to trauma, or a hematogenous spread from a remote site . It was reported that the direct spread from surgery, trauma, meningitis, frontal sinusitis, and dental karies was seen in 50% of patients, and that the hematogeneous spread from...
Acute pancreatitis (ap), a debilitating inflammation of the pancreas, is usually triggered by inappropriate intra - acinar activation of the trypsinogen . Although most cases of ap are mild or self - limiting, sometimes uncontrolled subsequent events including activation of immune cells and further systemic progression...
The lysosome is a dynamic organelle that operates at an acidic ph and contains numerous enzymes that are critical for cellular degradation pathways . Uptake of extracellular material reaches the lysosome via the endocytic pathway, whereas intracellular cargo is delivered to the lysosome via autophagy . The lysosome can...
As a national reference center for q fever, our center receives samples from france and other regions for serologic, molecular, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses as described (57). In 2012, we received a cardiac valve sample from a patient in cayenne with q fever endocarditis who had undergone surgery in mar...
Dr . Alexandre batista liver hemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumors . Diffuse hepatic hemangiomatosis (dhh) is a rare disorder, usually occurring in the neonate, characterized by extensive replacement of liver parenchyma with hemangiomatous lesions . It is frequently associated with a palpable abdominal ma...
In the outpatient setting, actinic keratosis is one of the most commonly treated skin conditions, the prevalence of which increases with cumulative skin exposure and increasing age . Rates of 1125% have been reported in the northern hemisphere and of 4060% in australia . Actinic keratoses are strong predictors of squam...
Whereas the management of localized renal cell carcinoma (rcc) has evolved toward minimally invasive and nephron - sparing surgery, the treatment of endophytic renal tumors has remained problematic . These tumors typically require precise intracorporeal suturing and complex reconstruction, with the added time constrain...
Doxorubicin (dox) is an important component of multimodality therapy for several antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols . It is used to treat a variety of malignacies such as leukemias, hodgkin and non - hodgkin lymphoma, and solid tumors (1). However, despite high efficacy, the major side effect of dox is card...
Rapidly increasing rates of diabetes mellitus (dm) throughout the developed world represent an emerging epidemic with profound consequences . Approximately 30% of patients with dm develop chronic kidney disease (ckd), accounting for 45% of end - stage renal disease (esrd) cases in the u.s . Racial / ethnic minority pop...
. An earlier version of this paper was written as part of charlotte khlbrandt's msc dissertation project at the london school of hygiene and tropical medicine . Ck conducted the literature review, collected and analysed the data, interpreted the results and drafted the paper . We would like to thank dr alex mold, who c...
Obesity is an isolated risk factor for cardiovascular disease; it can lead to cardiac hypertrophy followed by dilated cardiomyopathy, predisposing to fatal arrhythmias . 1 obesity also causes organ - specific changes, which are due to a direct mechanical effect of the adipose tissue or occur systemically through humora...
This was a retrospective study of 18 patients with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, diagnosed in the department of general pathology during the period of january 2011december 2015 . 10200). The clinical details and follow - up information of each patient were noted from the clinical work station . All classical tum...
Von ilberg et al . (1999) showed that it is possible to combine the electrical stimulation of a cochlear implant (ci) device with the acoustic stimulation of a hearing aid (ha). Initially, this technique was used for patients with pure - tone thresholds of more than 60 db in the low frequencies, but it is currently pos...
Geographic tongue (gt) was first reported as a wandering rash of the tongue in 1831; however, its etiopathogenesis has remained unclear . Gt is a common condition characterized by an asymptomatic presentation of multiple variable sized, well - demarcated, erythematous areas usually surrounded by elevated, yellowish - w...
Nanoscale building blocks have attracted much interest due to their potential applications in replacement of traditional materials in the coming next few decades . However, most of the work in the synthesis of nanocrystals using solution - phase chemical method is focused on vi - ii semiconductor systems and noble meta...
Laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia (vih) repair has gained wide acceptance and increased popularity over the past decade . Multiple studies have documented the safety, technical feasibility, and efficacy of this technique . The extremely low rate of wound infection and recurrence are among the most important advant...
Keratoelastoidosis marginalis of hands (kemh), is an acquired, marginal, acrokeratoderma that predominantly affects the radial side of the index finger, first web space, and ulnar side of the thumb . Prolonged uv exposure, heavy manual work, and repeated trauma to the hands seem to be the etiologic factors . A 75-year ...
The system al cu has been investigated intensively during the last decades, mainly due to the importance of al - based alloys, for example in aviation and transport industry . In view of this, the main focus of most studies in the system is the very al - rich part . Although a lot of work was done in the cu - rich part...
Different factors, especially genetic, effect individual attitude to regular physical activity in iranian traditional medicine . Our aim was to conduct a comparative revision and evaluation of the effect of genetic factors on physical activity in classic medicine and iranian traditional medicine . In this study, we rev...
Many primary care physicians in nonacademic settings lack a collegial forum for engaging the clinical uncertainties inherent in their work . Practice inquiry is proposed as a set of small - group, practice - based learning and improvement (pbli) methods designed to help clinicians better manage case - based clinical un...
The last few years have seen a rapid expansion in the use and availability of ablation techniques with hundreds of papers published . Radiofrequency (rf) remains the frontrunner in terms of cost, ease of set - up, versatility and flexibility but other techniques are catching up . Ablation with cryotherapy and microwave...
Number of (a) insertion / deletions, (b) high - confidence substitutions and (c) chromosomal rearrangements are plotted across all the samples from the 10 patients that were whole - genome sequenced . The primary means of validation was a deep sequencing validation experiment that included selected substitutions and in...
Unicystic ameloblastoma (ua) was first described by robinson and martinez in 1977 as a special type of ameloblastoma . Ua usually appears very similar to a non - neoplastic odontogenic cyst and is frequently clinically misdiagnosed as dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst hence, histological confirmation is manda...
Advanced albuminuria, one of the signatures of diabetic nephropathy, causes progressive loss of renal function and leads to terminal renal impairment . Damage to podocytes, which is considered to be a possible early pathological marker for diabetic nephropathy, is important due to its role in causing albuminuria and gl...
The ability to compare the relative effectiveness of different technologies and treatment modalities is now imperative in order to meet the growing demand for more rigorous outcomes research . Today, there are many data available to conduct comparative effectiveness research (cer): 1) data from surveys and 2) data from...
The principal aim of this laboratory is the synthesis of conjugated unsaturated ketones as candidate antineoplastic agents . These compounds interact with thiols but in general, they have little or no affinity for amino and hydroxyl groups which are found in nucleic acids (1 - 3). Hence thiol alkylators may not have th...
A 65-year - old female patient presented in january 2013 with unstable angina . Coronary angiography showed a severely calcified long lesion of the proximal and mid segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery [video s1 (please see enhanced content link on title page)]. In view of the angiographic findings,...
Access to water in the required quantity is needed to achieve good personal and domestic hygiene practices1; while good quality water ensures that ingested water does not constitute a health hazard, even in a life time of consumption2 . It is however estimated that as much as 1.1 billion people do not have access to sa...
Transportation planning and public health have important historical connections . In the early 20th century transportation planning and public health held similar objectives . In 1909 marsh wrote, city planning is the adaptation of a city to its proper function . This conception can be indefinitely expanded but its sig...
A presentation to hospital with vertigo or dizziness is common [1, 2]. The usual reason is disabling dizziness leading to nausea, vomiting, and often prostration or inability to mobilise . Patients with these symptoms are challenging with difficulty determining which specialty to refer to . Otolaryngologists have exper...
The ability to navigate through unpredictable environmental changes such as cycles of feast and famine is critical for the survival of an organism . In order to adapt to fluctuations in nutrient availability, communication between multiple metabolic organs must be integrated to properly metabolise carbohydrates, protei...
Articular cartilage plays an integral role in the load - bearing ability of knee joints . In its healthy state, it provides excellent friction and lubrication to help sustain the rigorous dynamic loads that are placed on the knee joint during daily activities.1 typical articular cartilage consists of four major constit...
This is a retrospective cross - sectional study . There were 4,377 participants, all of whom underwent cardiac ct in a health promotion center at gangnam severance hospital (seoul, korea) between january 2008 and february 2013 . From 4,377 participants, we excluded men (n = 2,584) and premenopausal women (n = 748). Pos...
Macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin b (mlsb) antibiotics are structurally different with a same mechanism of action . These drugs, especially clindamycin, are alternative drugs for some staphylococcus aureus infections such as skin and soft tissue infections particularly in penicillin - allergic patients (1, 2). C...
Inflammation is a crucial physiological response for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, protecting the host against invading microorganisms, foreign substances, or host self - disturbers, such as the molecules derived from damaged cells . After the host has been incited, important microcirculatory events occur in r...
A 50-year - old, 168 cm, 68 kg man without significant past medical history, was admitted to emergency room following a slip - down accident . On admission, neurologic examination confirmed a glasgow coma scale (gcs) of 15, and the pupils were symmetrical and reactive . Emergent skull x - ray series, facial computerize...
The rna content of ev has been studied extensively; however, only a handful of reports have characterized the dna content of ev . The reason for this could be attributed to gaps in the scientific literature in understanding how dna could be packaged inside ev . Nevertheless, several groups have reported the presence of...
The paradigm of intercellular cell signaling mechanisms has until recently been assumed to be limited to direct cell cell contact and via local soluble factor release . However, there has been increasing interest in the role of plasma membrane - derived small lipid / protein vesicles in cell cell communication in the l...
Malaria is one of the world's leading killers, having a greater morbidity and mortality than any other infectious diseases, with greater mortality in children and pregnant women . Malaria is caused by a parasite of the genus plasmodium and transmitted by female anopheles mosquito . Renal damage and hemolysis induced by...
It is well known that patients struggle with the physical instillation of eyedrops . As many as 25% of patients who instill their own drops were unable to place a drop in their eye during a trial of drop instillation.1 when patients with visual impairment are taken into account, this percentage has been reported to be ...
Examples of these iatrogenic behaviors seen in pd include: binge eating, excessive spending, compulsive shopping, pathological gambling, and hypersexuality.1 hypersexuality in particular is a psychiatric issue that patients are often reluctant to discuss . Voon and colleagues found the lifetime prevalence of pathologic...
Kleine - levin syndrome (kls) is a rare disorder which mainly affects adolescent boys and characterized by recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, and sometime along with hyperphagia, behavioral and cognitive disturbances, and hypersexuality . Several medications (stimulants, lithium, valproate, antipsychotics, and antidepr...
A 25-year - old female presented with right eye sudden and painless blurring of vision for 4 weeks, who visited a hilly area in the himalayas, north india . No history of headache, fever, stiff neck, malaise, nausea, redness, watering of eyes, floaters, and trauma was reported . Her visual acuity (va) in the right eye ...
In the present study, a simplified mathematical model of the dynamic activation of pka and erk was developed (fig . Inducer. Because activation of erk and pka are both required for ltf, inducer was proportional to the product of pka and erk activities . The peak levels of inducer, which corresponded to the peak synergi...
Traditionally, overnight fasting before elective surgery has been the routine in medical practice for risk reduction of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents . But, some studies have shown that prolonged fasting does not reduce gastric contents, and instead causes an increase in patient discomfort . Consequently, se...
Since the identification of satellite cells on skeletal muscle fibers in 19611, the field of satellite cell biology has progressed immensely to its recent characterization as an adult stem cell and its implications in regenerative medicine . Although portrayal of postnatal myogenesis predominates the satellite cell bio...
Malignant glaucoma, or aqueous misdirection syndrome, is a condition characterized by sudden intraocular pressure (iop) elevation, and it is usually unilateral and induced by ocular surgical intervention or by medical therapy . Here, we report a case of simultaneous bilateral malignant glaucoma in a young patient with ...
Their identification is an important method of risk stratification in asymptomatic patients with low to intermediate risk for coronary artery disease (cad). The absence of coronary calcium is associated with a very high event - free probability . Conversely, the detection of coronary calcium indicates an increased risk...
With ever - improving imaging technologies and high - performance computational power, the complexity and scale of brain imaging data have continued to grow at an explosive pace . Recent advances in imaging technologies, such as molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (pet), structural imaging using high -...
Rice (oryza sativa) is not only the most important staple food feeding a large part of the world population, but also an important model organism for biological studies of crops as well as other related plants (1,2). For this reason, rice was chosen as the first crop for whole genome sequencing . The availability of ge...