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Intentional replantation (intr) is described as the intervention of purposely removing a tooth and following some extra - oral procedures, replacing it into its socket . Despite increasing tendency to be a favored treatment alternative in cases of periodontally hopeless teeth (pht), enhancement of periodontal tissue su... |
Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) is monitored by stringent quality control mechanisms that prevent release of immature or misfolded er client proteins to travel further along the secretory pathway . Notable examples include the binding - and - release cycles of bip, recognizing exposed hydrophobic stre... |
Systemic sclerosis (ssc, scleroderma) is an autoimmune disease characterized early in the process by vasculopathy and subsequently by varying degrees of fibrosis in skin, lungs, and other tissues . The presence of vasculopathy is the hallmark of this condition, represented clinically as raynaud's syndrome which occurs ... |
The atherosclerosis risk in communities (aric) study is a community - based cohort study of 15,792 people aged 4564 years at baseline sampled from four u.s . Communities: forsyth county, north carolina; suburban minneapolis, minnesota; washington county, maryland; and jackson, mississippi (13). The first examination wa... |
Diastolic mitral regurgitation has been described in patients with acute aortic regurgitation and those with atrioventricular block or atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular responses . Evidence of diastolic mitral regurgitation in these patients has been demonstrated previously by left ventriculography and recently... |
Modified electrodes (mes) coated with a polymeric film containing particles of noble metals dispersed in the film are useful for the accomplishment of electrocatalytic hydrogenation of organic substrates . The polymeric film exchanges ions with the corresponding salts . These ions are then electrochemically reduced, an... |
Brucellosis (malta fever) is an infectious disease with a wide range of manifestations . There are four types of brucella, b. melitensis, b. abortus, b. canis and b. suis . Bacteria are transmitted to humans via the injection of non - pasteurized dairy products, uncooked raw meat or by contact through skin, blood, conj... |
Thyroid nodules are common in the united states, with reported prevalence between 35% and 65% . Often, these nodules are evaluated by fine - needle aspiration (fna), which is recognized as the gold standard to evaluate thyroid nodules as it is a minimally invasive procedure that provides an approach for management and ... |
In a recent nih whitepaper (1) the lack of a comprehensive, curated carbohydrate structure database was identified as the largest deficit in glycomics and glycobiology research . The complex carbohydrate structure database (ccsd) (2), initiated in the 1980s, was the largest effort to date to collect carbohydrate struct... |
Staghorn calculi are branched calculi that fill the entire or part of the renal pelvis and extend into the renal calices . If untreated or inadequately treated, they may lead to various complications such as deterioration of renal function and risk of developing urosepsis . In addition, chronic irritation, inflammation... |
Retinal changes associated with the development of age - related macular degeneration (amd) have become even more important than once described . Even prompt therapy of the wet form of amd with antivascular, endothelial, growth factor drugs has been shown to ameliorate vision loss . If diagnosis is established earlier ... |
Sodium - glucose cotransporter 2 (sglt2) inhibitors are oral hypoglycemic agents that augment the urinary excretion of glucose, thereby regulating glycemic control and promoting weight loss (1). Sglt2 inhibitors have an insulin - independent mechanism of action, which is being explored in patients with type 1 diabetes ... |
With the exception of mammals, the function of the members of the atad2 protein family remains mostly undefined in multicellular eukaryotes . The first reported activity of atad2 (atpase family aaa+ domain - containing protein 2) is its ability to act as a co - activator of estrogen and androgen receptors (zou et al . ... |
Light - cured composite resins are being more used specially because they are aesthetically advantageous and enable to be polymerized by physical and chemical activators . However, the crucial point to be reached during restorative dentistry procedures with composite resins is to obtain satisfactory restorations with a... |
Dna double - strand breaks (dsbs) are the most dangerous type of dna damage, as a single unrepaired dsb can trigger apoptosis . Dsbs are generated during physiological replication, and are induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic reagents such as the topoisomerase poison . There are two major dsb repair pathways in... |
In the last two decades it has become increasingly clear that a diverse range of rnas play numerous critical roles in the regulation of gene expression (13). It has also become apparent that rnas hardly function alone in a cellular environment . Prominent examples include the pre - mrna splicing machinery, the apparatu... |
Chikungunya virus (chikv) is an arthropod - borne virus belonging to the family, togaviridae, and genus, alphavirus . In this group of 29 viruses, six cause arthralgia and arthritis upon infection in humans . These six viruses are chikv, ross river virus (rrv), semliki forest virus (sfv), onyong - nyong virus (onnv), s... |
The incidence rate of cancer is increasing in developing countries, but the 5-year survival rate of cancer is also increasing, since the diagnosis and treatment of cancer has improved enormously worldwide . South korea is no exception . According to an analysis of cancer statistics in korea from 2011, the lifetime cumu... |
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (mld) is a severe neuro - metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase a which catalyzes degradation of 3-o - sulfogalactosyl - ceramide, an essential and abundant component of myelin.1 in mld, the storage of sulfatides in the oligodendrocyte and schwann c... |
Radiculopathy and myelopathy from degenerative, inflammatory, and traumatic processes have been successfully treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (acdf). Despite clinical success with fusion treatment, there are concerns regarding the long - term effects of fusion on the cervical spine . . Reported on t... |
Since the first successful electroconvulsive therapy (ect) treatment course in 1938, ect been used for a variety of psychiatric disorders, and its use for the treatment of schizophrenia spread from the 1940s through the 1950s . When antipsychotic medication was introduced in the 1950s, the use of ect for schizophrenia ... |
A detailed description of the design, subjects, and methods applied in the dps has been reported previously (14). In brief, the dps was a randomized lifestyle intervention study in 522 middle - aged overweight participants with impaired glucose tolerance, aimed at the prevention of type 2 diabetes . In the present stud... |
Leptospirosis a common and dreaded zoonosis of global distribution, caused by infection with pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira . The disease is maintained in nature by chronic renal infection of carrier animals, which excrete the organism in their urine, contaminating the environment . Human infection occu... |
This retrospective, observational case series was performed at a single center according to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki . The present study included patients from the same cohort and used similar inclusion and exclusion criteria as were used in our previous study . A computerized search for patients who w... |
These injuries affect a large number of americans: in this country, craniofacial injuries make up more than 10% of all annual emergency room visits1 . Furthermore, in recent conflicts in the middle east, craniofacial injuries account for more than one - quarter of all injuries sustained by us soldiers23 . A number of o... |
Pancreatic stellate cells (pscs) are interstitial cells of the pancreas, which in vitro are rapidly activated and develop the phenotype of myofibroblasts, characterised by enhanced expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (sma). Activation of psc and differentiation into myofibroblasts in vitro is assumed to be the proc... |
Every year, a large number of athletes experience knee trauma during training session and competitions . The anterior cruciate ligament (acl) is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee, which mainly affects patients between 15 and 45 years of age . . However, non - contact condition is more prevalent. [14] the a... |
Composite resin restorations should be replaced or repaired in case of failure due to discoloration, recurrent caries beneath the restoration, fractures at the margins, etc . [the repair of composite resin restorations is a conservative and minimally invasive procedure, with advantages such as decrease in costs and tim... |
Vahlkampfiids, acanthamoebidae and techamoebidae are among the important free - living amoebae (fla) and they could lead to severe disease including amoebic keratitis (ak), granulomatose encephalitis and cutaneous ulcers (13). Free - living amoebae belonging to acanthamoeba genus are distributed in many environmental s... |
Zygomycosis is an uncommon but often fatal opportunistic fungal infection that occurs in the setting of hematologic malignancies, chemotherapy - induced neutropenia, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies, diabetes mellitus, and solid organ transplantation [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Infection cau... |
The majority of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy require an efficient venous access for several weeks or months . Central venous port (cvp) catheter is widely used in this setting . The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (dvt) and pulmonary embolism (pe) associated with central venous catheter has been rep... |
Posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a complex mental disorder that can develop in response to a traumatic event such as a motor vehicle accident, rape, combat exposure or natural disaster . The national vietnam veterans readjustment study estimated that 53.4% of us male veterans of the vietnam war developed full or... |
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working - age persons around the world.1,2 it can be found in three out of four patients within 15 years of the diagnosis of diabetes.3,4 visual impairment is most commonly a consequence of diabetic macular edema (dme).5,6 while vascular endothelial growth facto... |
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (mec) is the most common malignant tumor of salivary glands and comprises approximately 5% of all salivary gland tumors . Laryngeal cases comprise one third of malignant laryngeal salivary - type tumors.1 however, it is a rare entity in the larynx and is frequently misdiagnosed as other larynge... |
Considerable disparities in cancer survival rates exist between african americans (aas) and white americans (was). Various factors such as socioeconomic status (ses), cancer stage at time of diagnosis, and treatment have accounted for many of these disparities . Other factors include insurance status, social determinan... |
Three subjects with pi, a clinically healthy implant, and a periodontally diseased tooth were selected . They had not received systemic antibiotics, anti - inflammatory drugs, or oral anti - microbial agents within the last 3 months . The investigation was approved by the ethics committee of the tokyo medical and denta... |
Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis (lwnh) is a rare sporadic pigmentary anomaly, characterized by swirls and streaks of macular hyperpigmentation following the lines of blaschko, without preceding inflammation, and is usually seen in the first 2 years of life . Include zosteriform hyperpigmentation, zosteriform l... |
Common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is the most common form of severe antibody deficiency affecting both children and adults . The characteristic immune defect in cvid is impaired b - cell differentiation with defective secretion of immunoglobulin (ig). The disorder is associated with a broad spectrum of clinical m... |
Measurement is one of the cornerstones of the scientific research (1). In the health studies, the best and most important indicators for measurement are the quality and quantity of provided services for the patients as well as their satisfaction of received services (2). Patients' satisfaction, which is a key indicator... |
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone strength (arising from both low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration), which increases the risk of fractures . Osteoporosis is a major public health problem and an important contributor to the global burden of noncommunicable disease . Cur... |
Recently, a new class of hybrid materials has been generated by attaching dna to organic molecules, polymers, metal complexes, and nanoparticles . Some of the resulting 2d and 3d nanostructures have been used in dna detection and electronic applications; other applications such as drug delivery and therapeutics are eme... |
Poor aqueous solubility remains a major cause of attrition in the drug development process . Despite theoretical developments, the solubility of druglike molecules still eludes truly quantitative computation . In recent work, we have shown that accurate first - principles calculation is now becoming possible, provided ... |
The national cooperative dialysis study, the first randomised controlled study of dialysis dose, defined an adequacy threshold for end - stage chronic kidney disease patients receiving chronic haemodialysis based on the dialyser clearance of urea, a small solute marker of nitrogen turnover, which was defined in terms o... |
Carcinoma thyroid, although the most frequent malignancy of the endocrine system, is a rare disease . It accounts for about 1% of all human cancers, with the prevalence in women (59 in 100,000) higher as compared to that in men (24 of 100,000). Differentiated thyroid cancer (dtc) is a slow - growing and treatable disea... |
Lag3 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) and exerts a wide variety of biologic impacts on t cell function.21 lag3 is expressed on cell membranes of natural killer cells (nk),21 b cells,22 tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (til), a subset of t cells,23 and dendritic cells (dc)24, 25 . The lag3 gene encompas... |
Hookworm is one of important soil - transmitted helminthes (sth) for humans around the world . Human infection by hookworms induces blood loss, iron - deficiency anemia, and other anemia associated - symptoms and signs . Necator is rather prevalent in tropics and southern subtropics while ancylostoma is in subtropic or... |
A 12-year - old female patient visited the department of oral medicine and radiology, yenepoya dental college, with a complaint of missing anterior teeth since three years ago . She had a history of exfoliation of decidious teeth due to mobility three years ago and there was no eruption of the permanent teeth . There w... |
Biofilms, adherent microbial communities embedded in a polymer matrix, are common in nature . However, they are also a persistent cause of hygiene problems in the food industry and in the medical field . Biofilms result from a natural tendency of microbes to attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces, which can vary from min... |
The overall aim of education is to produce critical thinkers who should be able to evaluate and analyze different types of information gathered in their chosen field of expertise . Contemporary approaches emphasize the active engagement of students in their own learning, learner responsibility, meta - cognitive skills,... |
A 67-year - old healthy retired man developed an asymptomatic greenish discoloration of the nail plate of the right toe nail over a period of 2 months . There was a history of chronic nail trauma prior to the discoloration, probably due to tight shoes . Dermatologic examination showed greenish - black discoloration, mi... |
In clinical practice, paradoxical clinical results that require alternative strategies may be encountered . Here we present a case of a patient with results of cardiac catheterization that are incompatible with st segment elevation and elevated cardiac enzymes . Although technologically advanced diagnostic examinations... |
Major depressive disorder (mdd) is a common disease in patients with coronary heart disease (chd), with a prevalence of 20% to 30% [14] and is associated with worse cardiac prognosis . The american heart association (aha) and american academy of family physicians (aafp) have recommended routine depression screening for... |
We encountered an adult patient (index case, case 1) with unique benign unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis manifesting with generalized epileptic seizure and seropositivity for mog antibody in 2014 . To explore any other cases with similar features, we identified 24 consecutive patients diagnosed with steroid - ... |
Corneal disorders are commonly initiated from inflammation, trauma, systemic disease, as well as pathological changes from adjacent tissues, which could eventually result in impaired vision, even blindness due to vascularization conjunctivalization, keratinization, corneal scarring, and opacification . In some severe c... |
Noroviruses (novs), a group of small, round - structured rna viruses constituting the norovirus genus in the family caliciviridae, infect both humans and animals . Human novs cause epidemic acute gastroenteritis, affecting millions of people and claiming over 200,000 lives annually worldwide . At present structurally, ... |
Decompression illness is caused by intravascular or extravascular gas bubble formation following rapid reduction in environmental pressure as seen with diving accidents . It comprises two different pathophysiological syndromes: decompression sickness and arterial air embolism caused by pulmonary barotrauma . Decompress... |
This study is an extension of a report on patients with type 1 diabetes at children's hospital of new orleans (14) and was approved by the institutional review board at louisiana state university health sciences center, new orleans, louisiana . Glucose data were downloaded from patient meters at each clinic visit . Met... |
Oral health is an essential component of general health and overall well - being of an individual . Oral cavity and its surrounding structures that are free of any diseases is indicative of good oral health . This not only makes a person look and feel good, it is equally relevant in maintaining oral functions . Because... |
Primary ovarian cancers tend to spread, at first, within the peritoneal cavity and the omentum, and are frequently associated with ascites, a fluid rich in growth factors and tumor cells disseminated from the primary cancer that fills the peritoneum . Tumor spread to more distant sites, including the contralateral ovar... |
The treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (acl) injuries has spawned a great deal of research . Far fewer studies have focused on the management of this condition in the pediatric and adolescent patient . Consequently, the management strategy for acl injuries in this population is not as clearly elucidated as it is f... |
Most reported cases have documented the development of significant complications, since it is difficult to diagnose this rare entity preoperatively . The literature is reviewed and the radiologic findings and management of this rare entity are discussed . A 90-year - old woman was referred to our hospital for acute app... |
Diabetes mellitus (dm) is a metabolic consequence of a decrease in insulin production and/or activity characterized by hyperglycemia and vascular and nerve impairment . The macroangiopathy and, above all, the microangiopathy are the most important pathogenic consequences of the excess of glucose in the blood . We can d... |
E. coli cultures were grown in lb liquid media or on lb agar plates with antibiotics when necessary (50 g / ml kanamycin, 50 g / ml apramycin, 25 to 50 g / ml chloramphenicol, 50 g / ml carbenicillin) at 37 c with shaking . Streptomyces liquid precultures were grown in tryptic soy broth with the appropriate antibiotics... |
Students working toward their dentistry course learn how to prescribe medication during their studies, but, despite its importance, they generally do not learn about it in a systematized way . Traditionally, brazilian dental students take basic pharmacology courses in their first few semesters that teach the pharmacoki... |
The main feedstocks which present paramount importance for the application of lipases are fats and oils . Such materials are primarily composed of triglycerides, which are glycerol esters with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, from vegetable, animal, or microbial origins . One of the distinguishable characteristic... |
The study was conducted in 100 households of 9 affected villages of engil district on the edge of herat city . Households were included if they were located on 3 randomly selected transect lines and if members of the households owned either cattle or sheep . Because there are no reliable estimates on seroprevalence of ... |
Although ring - opening polymerizations (rops) provide a method to transform cyclic monomers into well - defined, functional, and degradable polymers, it has been challenging, in general, with some exceptions, to overcome difficulties that are often experienced in the attempt to introduce functional moieties within the... |
In every field of dentistry, awareness regarding the importance of preserving tooth tissue is becoming evident . The current odontologic era is characterized by an increasing move toward less invasive treatment and preventive dentistry . The search for a more gentle, comfortable, and conservative caries excavation has ... |
Institutional review board approval (irb0005239) was obtained as well as written consent from the mothers of both patients to use photographs of their children for publication . A 3-month - old girl was referred to our tertiary eye clinic with a large capillary hemangioma covering her forehead, nose and the left side o... |
Hailey - hailey disease (hhd), otherwise known as familial benign chronic pemphigus is a rare autosomal dominant, acantholytic disease with incomplete penetrance that is characterized by recurrent blisters, plaques, and erosions often accompanied by a burning or pruritic sensation . It is caused by a mutation in the at... |
The extent to which computerized provider order entry (cpoe) systems significantly hinder or assist clinical work efficiency has been a subject of debate and investigation for over 20 years . Yet the evidence base to address this issue remains sparse.13 zheng and colleagues4 recently drew attention to the poor and inco... |
Orbital apex syndrome is a condition in which the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, and ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve are damaged . Orbital apex syndrome can be caused by a variety of inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, iatrogenic/ traumatic, and vascular conditions.1 we present our findi... |
In february 2007, the board and the assembly of deans of medical schools of the dutch federation of university medical centres decided to institute a project group to revise the 2001 medical education blueprint . The main reasons for undertaking this project were developments in medical scientific disciplines, such as ... |
With over 60 million people affected, copd is a major global health problem leading to substantial morbidity and mortality.1 in addition to the disease burden, copd requires a major shift in patients daily life as they need to adhere to drug treatment, implement lifestyle changes, monitor signs and symptoms, and apply ... |
This question is still unanswered in terms of the use of ddt (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), a persistent organic pollutant used for malaria control in many parts of africa . In zambia, malaria is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality accounting for 36% of all hospital admissions with the majority being... |
The most common ocular adverse event following the use of cyclosporine a (csa) 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion is ocular burning (17%). Other adverse effects that have been reported include conjunctival hyperemia (1 - 5%), discharge, epiphora, eye pain, foreign body sensation, pruritus, stinging and blurred vision . Here, we... |
During the past two decades, medical research has provided substantial evidence supporting the hypothesis that length of gestation and birth weight affect infant mortality and childhood morbidity (gortmaker, 1979; showstack, budetti, and minkler, 1984). Infants weighing less than 2,500 grams (or 5.5 pounds) have a mort... |
The purpose of ergonomics applied to dentistry is to obtain means and systems to decrease physical and mental stress, as well as prevent diseases related to dental practices . Work - related musculoskeletal disorders (wmsd) have increased in recent decades and are factors that commonly lead to professionals being unabl... |
Direct immunoflourescence (dif) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of immunobullous lesions of the skin and has been widely used to supplement the clinical and histologic features of various vesiculobullous disorders . The utility of this technique is limited by cost, site, and time of the bio... |
Depending on the nature of their practice, radiologists have variable degrees of direct contact with patients, but all radiologists must be able to communicate well with other medical and non - medical staff and with their patients . Their professional role also requires that they communicate their radiological finding... |
This review focuses on the opioid growth regulatory system and its implications for the pathobiology of diabetes . Zimmerman's honor jointly sponsored by the american academy of ophthalmology and the american association of ophthalmic oncologists and pathologists, chicago, illinois, october 19, 2014 . Zimmerman was the... |
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by the structural deterioration of bone and low bone mass . The world health organization defines osteoporosis as a bone mineral density (bmd) value of 2.5 standard deviations or more below the young adult mean.1 an estimated 10 million patients in the united states have osteopor... |
Light - cured composite resins have been considered a material of major importance in restorative dentistry due to their esthetic properties . However, achievement of clinical and esthetic success with this material involves several aspects, including the curing technique . The process of curing of composite resins occ... |
Diffuse blue - gray skin discoloration has been reported in several conditions such as addison s disease, argyria, hemochromatosis and polycythemia vera.1 riehl melanosis is characterized by brown - violet pigmentation on sun - exposed areas, erythema, and pruritus.2 erythema dyschromicum perstans is either idiopathic ... |
Three months after suffering a stroke, 25% of surviving patients remain wheelchairbound, and in 60% of subjects, walking ability and speed are markedly reduced2 . One of the main impairments after stroke is reduced muscle strength on the side contralateral to the brain lesion3 . The relation between paretic knee muscle... |
The use of robotic - assisted laparoscopic surgery in minimally invasive gynecology has been rapidly increasing since the da vinci robotic platform (intuitive surgical inc, sunnyvale, ca, usa) was approved for this purpose by the food and drug administration in 2005 . The rate of robotic hysterectomy is estimated to ha... |
Transarterial chemoembolization (tace) is an established local therapy for managing unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in patients with advanced cirrhosis and confers significant survival benefits.1,2 iodized oil is usually used as a carrier of most anticancer agents to achieve preferential uptake and persiste... |
The es / pnet group of tumors are primary malignant tumors of bone and soft tissue that consist of small round tumor cells . These uncommon and highly malignant tumors primarily affect children and young adults, but can occur in any age group . Extra - skeletal es / pnet is rare in comparison with skeletal es / pnet . ... |
In recent years, corneal specialists have shown a fast growing interest in collagen crosslinking using the photosensitizer riboflavin and ultraviolet a light as a new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of progressive keratoconus . The aim of this treatment is to modify the biomechanical properties of the cornea,... |
More than 40,000 people die from falls globally.1 adults aged> 65 years have the highest risk of death or severe injury after falls . Approximately 30% of older people fall each year and the frequency exponentially increases with age.24 falls not only profoundly impact a persons health but also bring huge economic burd... |
Gck - mody (gck diabetes, glucokinase diabetes, or mody2) is a monogenic condition caused by heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding glucokinase (gck). It is characterized by chronic, lifelong, and mild hyperglycemia present from birth, and less than 50% of patients fulfil the criteria for overt diabetes . The incr... |
Approximately 10%15% of chronic smokers get lung cancer (lc) and around 20% develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). Age, smoking history, and impaired lung function have been identified as key risk factors, although host susceptibility factors cannot been excluded . Cross - sectional studies show that the... |
Regeneration of lost periodontal structures, especially the lost alveolar bone, is a matter of prime concern in the clinical management of periodontal disease as bone destruction is primarily responsible for tooth loss . Different therapeutic modalities such as autogenous bone graft and allograft etc . Have been recomm... |
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13300 - 015 - 0148 - 5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . In the united states (us), the goal of optimizing treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) has grown in urgency with the epidemic rise of the disease . In 2... |
Attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a behavioral disorder usually diagnosed during childhood . It is characterized by developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity and significant impairment in multiple domains of functioning . Diagnostic and statistical manual ... |
Ureteral avulsion is conventionally defined as injuries of the ureter caused by blunt (non - penetrating) trauma with acute deceleration or acceleration movement mechanism due to motor vehicle accidents . With the invention of endourology tools, ureteral avulsion can also occur as a result of stretching in the weakest ... |
Nevertheless, completely laparoscopic colorectal procedures have been adopted in clinical practice by a limited number of surgeons . This is possibly due to increased operating time and costs, to the fact that their relative benefit is as yet unclear, and that these procedures are technically demanding . The latter rea... |
Transversus abdominis plane (tap) block is a widely practiced peripheral nerve block, utilized to anesthetize the somatic nerves supplying the anterior abdominal wall by depositing local anesthetic in the neurovascular plane between internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle layers . It was introduced in anesthe... |
Under innate immune conditions, the inflammatory responses mediated by macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils comprise an important barrier against infectious pathogens, such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria, as well as chemical toxins [1, 2]. Among the cellular components of innate immunity, macrophages are regarded ... |
Nonviral gene vectors have many advantages such as mass production, easier transportation, less immunogenicity, and being easily targeted to organs [1, 2]. Among the nonviral vectors, chitosan is known to possess efficient properties owing to their ability to condense nucleic acid into stable complexes, which protects ... |
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