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Several studies reported histophatological observations during influenza a / h1n1 2009 pneumonia: the major finding was diffuse alveolar damage (dad) [14]. Type ii pneumocytes were considered the main target of influenza a / h1n1 infection . A limited number of observations described in vivo samples, such as bronchoalv... |
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . Such materials are peer reviewed and may be reorganized for online delivery, but are not copyedited or typeset . Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should ... |
Cyanobacterial lineages also contain a recognizable csk homolog, confirming the evolutionary origin of this chloroplast protein from cyanobacteria . 1), consistent with the secondary symbiotic origin of diatom and phaeophycean plastids from red algae . Interestingly, a csk ortholog is also found in chromatophoresin thi... |
Copd is a major cause of health burden throughout the world.1 copd often coexists with comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, skeletal muscle dysfunction, depression, and anemia.2,3 the common ground for most of these extrapulmonary problems is the ongoing severe inflammation . Comorbidities have ... |
Orbital metastasis can be defined as a metastatic lesion that occurs in the space between the eyeball and bony orbital walls.1 the orbit is an unusual site for metastatic cancer . It is believed to occur in approximately 2%3% of patients with systemic cancer.2,3 the incidence of orbital metastatic lesions varied from 1... |
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus plasmodium and is a world health crisis of paramount urgency . Malaria was responsible for over 200 million cases and 1 million deaths in 2010 alone, primarily affecting developing countries and children under the age of 5 . Although five species of plas... |
Dual energy photon absorptiometry (dxa) has long been the standard for monitoring areal bmd (abmd). We have compared vbmd measured by high resolution peripheral computerized tomography (hr - pqct) with the results obtained by dxa (abmd) in a group of 49 of healthy premenopausal, normally menstruating women, aged 21 - 4... |
In the year 2003 immunosuppressive therapy using mitoxantrone has been approved for treatment of patients with worsening relapsing - remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ms) in germany . Due to potential side effects on the heart and bone marrow the cumulative dose of mitoxantrone was initially limite... |
Dengue infection is the most rapidly spreading mosquito - borne viral disease in the world and an estimated 50 million dengue infections occur annually . Case fatality rates for the south - east asian region are 1%, but in india, indonesia and myanmar, focal outbreaks have reported rates of 3%-5% . Unusual manifestatio... |
Radical cystectomy (rc) remains the standard of care for locally advanced, muscle - invasive and recalcitrant high - grade non - muscle invasive bladder cancer . A significant portion of morbidity following rc is associated with the choice of urinary diversion . Although orthotopic neobladder (onb) has the advantage of... |
Detainees executing custodial sentences in prison represent a special category as their status differs from the rest of the society . Imprisonment for committing a felony subjects the detainee to conditions that mark both his / her physical condition and personality . A proportion of the detainees who are also patients... |
The use of bleaching materials both hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide has become an attractive procedure in the dental clinic . Furthermore, the use of fluoride - releasing glass ionomer as a dental restorative material has also become popular . The situation where these materials interact within the oral cavity... |
The year 2006 may be remembered in history as the year of the amphioxus . European agencies failed to fund (or we european researchers failed to convince the agencies of the importance of the amphioxus genome). Fortunately, at the other side of the atlantic, linda holland (scripps institution, university of california)... |
International teaching provides clinician educators an opportunity for professional development and cultural immersion.1,2 the experience also exposes medical educators to new teaching methods and learning styles that can enhance their overall teaching repertoire . Language and communication issues are understandably p... |
A total of 20 male type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral glucose lowering medication (n = 19) or diet only (n = 1) participated in the current study . Exclusion criteria were self - reported renal failure and liver disease (hepatitis and cirrhosis), morbid obesity (bmi> 40 kg / m), uncontrolled hypertension (> 160... |
Hepatic injury takes the third place in abdominal injury and 80%90% of hepatic injuries are blunt ones . In 2013, a study using ultrasonography to evaluate the intraperitoneal trauma showed that liver was the mostly affected organ and younger people were more vulnerable to hepatic and pancreatic injury . In 1994, ameri... |
Using a cross - sectional design, recorded food intake was compared with recalled food intake . Two computer - assisted 24hr interviews were performed in the participant's home with a 28 week interval . In the planning of the interviews, an equal distribution of the different days of the week was considered . Both inte... |
The subject population consisted of five male and three female individuals of scandinavian origin, chosen from an orthodontic clinic for the study . All were 10 to 14 years old and had premolars scheduled for extraction due to orthodontic reasons . A total of 23 premolars were used and the premolars had no signs of cli... |
The study base included all residents in the city of torino (900,000 inhabitants), aged 20 years, with a diagnosis of diabetes, and alive as at 31 july 2003 . As described in detail elsewhere (12), patients were identified using three data sources: the file of subjects registered in the regional diabetes registry (rdr)... |
One of the most important health indicators in each country is maternal health (1, 2). Today, the choice of cesarean section is one of the controversial issues in the health system of countries throughout the world (3). Because of its side effects and insensitivity, tendency for women to go ahead with vaginal delivery ... |
Cerebral malaria, a severe form of malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum, is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub - saharan africa [13]. It accounts for 1% to 27% of paediatric admissions with case fatality rates ranging from 15% to 50% in our region . Outcome of the disease is influenced b... |
Carbohydrates play critical roles during pollen growth and development, then in the final phase prior to dispersal carbohydrates change to prepare pollen for dispersal . Following dispersal and during pollen storage, the various metabolites comprising the carbohydrate pool change in relative proportion, a behavior that... |
Drug product information (pi) provides details on the approved clinical use of drugs listed by the therapeutic goods administration (tga) in australia . Information included in pis is derived from clinical trials that support the use of a drug in each of these areas . Based on the pharmacology of a drug in relation to ... |
The objective of this study was to produce maps that could be integrated into the sci - supported national intervention strategies and that explicitly represent uncertainties in spatial predictions so that national control managers could judge the quality of the evidence upon which the strategies will be based . The sc... |
Donor specific tolerance through mixed chimerism can be achieved in various animal models by nonmyeloablative bmt and cb . Success rates of chimerism and tolerance induction have typically been high when donor - recipient strain combinations were used which cross only mhc barriers but share the same mhag background [2,... |
Participants were drawn from the minnesota twin family study, a community - based sample of adolescents and their families . This sample was utilized because the participants were representative of minnesota families with children living at home (based on the 2000 us census) and because it included rigorous, developmen... |
A 94-year - old woman was referred to the general internal medicine service for functional decline secondary to longstanding knee pain . Her medical history included osteoarthritis and her surgical history was significant for a right total knee arthroplasty in 1996 . On examination, her vital signs were normal; she was... |
One of them is that development is the increase in production, promoting the health and therapeutic services level, and eliminating problems . Therefore, development as it is considered by people and national institutions is a complicated and multidimensional process that requires changes in social structure, accelerat... |
Road traffic crash (rtc) is the main cause of non - intentional injuries and the second cause of deaths after ischemic heart diseases in iran . It accounts for more than 10% of total mortalities and about 23,000 deaths, in average, per year during the last decade . This is approximately equal to the number of deaths ca... |
This prospective interventional case series was approved by the review board / ethics committee of the ophthalmic research center of the university . Five eyes of 5 patients with diagnosis of refractory csc (lasting more than 1 year) were included in this study . Diagnosis was made by the history of recurrent blurred v... |
Epidemiological research indicates oral diseases are widespread throughout the world and evidence exists to show that their extent and severity increases with age . Perceptions of need for dental care play a key role as to whether people in general will seek dental care and that lack of need perceptions constitutes an ... |
Infectious diseases are a major reason for the health disparity between rich and poor countries (stiglitz and jayadev, 2010). They kill 14 million people worldwide every year, predominantly affecting members of poor populations in developing countries [world health organization (who), 2001]. In fact, these countries be... |
American cutaneus leishmaniasis (acl) is a vector - borne zoonotic disease caused by several species of leishmania trypanosome protozoan parasites and transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies (lutzomyia spp . ). In brazil, acl constitutes a significant health problem, with an incidence of about 20,153 new cases per year (... |
A safe and efficient hemostasis is one of the most important factors in minimally invasive surgery . Hemostasis can be achieved by sutures, clips, application of hemostyptica or thermic coagulation . For thermic coagulation, high - frequency (hf) coagulation in monopolar or bipolar mode, cold plasma, and ultrasonic coa... |
All sites were situated in the communes of lo, boura, and biha, within a radius of 30 km from the city of lo (11.10 n, 02.10 w). The climate is characterized by a unimodal rainfall pattern, with the rainy season starting in may and ending in october . The work was carried out at farmers fields and hedges of j. curcas, ... |
The patient was a 25-year - old, right - handed woman who presented two months after the sudden onset of lower extremity paresthesias and sensory loss that extended into the abdomen and lower chest and one episode of urinary urgency and subsequent incontinence . Her examination was notable for brisk lower extremity dee... |
Visceral obesity is associated with the metabolic syndrome (mets), type 2 diabetes and subsequent increased cardiovascular disease (cvd) morbidity and mortality . However, the exact mechanisms accounting for the deleterious effects of visceral fat on cvd remain unknown . It is now recognized that adipocytes are endocri... |
In carefully selected patients, bilateral total knee arthroplasty (b./l - ka) is considered to be a safe procedure.14 during the past few years, there has been an increasing frequency of patients undergoing b / l - tka . Quantum of pain and speed of rehabilitation are two main concerns for patients considering b / l - ... |
Integration of several quantum dot (qd) devices on a single chip offers the advantages of compact size, high speed and low optical losses, added to the advantages discrete qd devices offer due to three - dimensional carrier confinement in the active region . Ion implantation induced intermixing is a technique that is c... |
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic, granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that may affect any organ system . It is characterized by the accumulation of t lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes with the formation of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas in affected organs . The trigger for this t cell and macrophage inter... |
Typically, most of the coronary artery rests on the epicardium but some cases, the epicardial coronary artery runs congenitally into the myocardium . During the systole, the heart muscle exerts pressure across the region and constricts the coronary artery, which is called the myocardial bridge (mb). Since coronary angi... |
This is an experience that affects women's future health and their relationship with their families . Positive experience of delivery in women is formed when they are well supported at the time of delivery . Since 1993, some changes in maternal and delivery care have occurred after designing various guidelines and bill... |
Chikungunya fever is a mosquito - borne emerging viral disease caused by chikungunya virus (chikv), which belongs to the genus alphavirus of the family togaviridae . It is endemic in many parts of africa and asia where seroprevalence rates reach 75%.1 in africa, the virus maintains a sylvatic cycle between nonhuman pri... |
Over the several last decades, nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) have been reported as some of the most important causes of pulmonary and non - pulmonary infections, which are explained in part by an increased number of susceptible immunocompromised individuals, such as those suffering from aids (1). The criteria for t... |
Unless contraindicated, biguanides are recommended as a first - line therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (1). They exert their antihyperglycemic effects, in part, by decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis from lactate and pyruvate, while they can increase lactate production through the inhibition of mitoc... |
Dipeptidyl peptidase (dpp)-4 degrades incretin hormones, such as glucagon - like peptide (glp)-1, and reduces the glucose - dependent insulinotropic effects of incretins on pancreatic cells . Dpp-4 inhibitors are a new class of anti - diabetic agents that improve glucose homeostasis by enhancing the actions of incretin... |
Mobile health, which is the use of mobile communication and computing technologies for medicine and public health, is rapidly expanding.1,2 a personal health record (phr) is defined as a health record created using mobile computing technologies in which health information and personal health data are maintained by the ... |
Endodontic treatment of necrotic immature teeth is challenging . Proper preparation and obturation of the apical portion of immature teeth are difficult to achieve because of the thin, fragile dentinal walls and the blunderbuss anatomy . Multiple - session apexification using calcium hydroxide used to be the treatment ... |
Multiple carcinoid tumors of the small intestine are rare and are very difficult to detect preoperatively . A 75-year - old woman in whom the bleeding focus could not be found by upper and lower endoscopy and abdominal ct was admitted for evaluation of anemia . We examined the patient with total double - balloon endosc... |
Prostate cancer (pca) is one of the most common cancers in men over the world . Dietary factors have been found to play an important role during pca and special attention has been given to dietary fat . An important study by augustsson et al . Showed that a high fish intake (> 3 times per week) resulted in approximatel... |
The pelvic floor muscle (pfm) is known to support the pelvic organs and contribute to the locking mechanism of the urethra and anus, adjusting incontinence, and it has recently been found to perform diverse functions, such as stabilization of the lumbopelvic girdle and spine, and postural adjustment . They also support... |
The number of patients with ulcerative colitis (uc) has been increasing in japan, and recently, colitis - related cancer has attracted much attention (1 - 3). The risk of developing cancer is higher in patients with long - term morbidity due to uc . We experienced a rare colonic tumor that was difficult to differentiat... |
In all communities, health has been identified as a fundamental right of every one and the governments are responsible to satisfy it (1). Easy and inexpensive access of patients to health care centers is considered as one of the most important criteria of evaluating the health care system (2). The health care systems i... |
The cleanup of pollutants from soil and water is becoming an important task as human activities produce large amounts of chemical compounds (up to tens of millions) that are frequently released into the environment . Microbial populations play an important role in this process as they have acquired the ability to metab... |
Present the results of an exploratory study which aimed to identify the attributes of relational continuity as conceived by the actors involved in the organization of services to frail older people . The lengthening of the duration of life with autonomy loss warrants a transformation of the response to the needs of old... |
Paracetamol overdose remains one of the most important common poisonings in many parts of the world and an increasing problem in many developing and resource poor nations . N - acetylcysteine (nac) is an effective treatment in the vast majority of cases if given early . The decision to give nac is usually based on a pa... |
It is caused by an abnormal number of coronary angiography (cag) trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin gene (htt), which encodes a 350 kda ubiquitously expressed protein, huntingtin (htt).1 hd is characterized by movement disorder, cognitive impairment, dementia, and affective disturbances.2 hd patients have more tha... |
Cytomegalovirus (cmv) colitis is common among immunocompromised patients who are more prone to opportunistic infections . After the infection of cmv is detected by histology or serology, antiviral treatment is usually chosen initially . Since cmv disease cannot be diagnosed on clinical symptoms alone, diagnosis and tre... |
Very few data are available regarding sex differences in cannabinoid cb1 receptor density and coupling to g proteins, and fewer ones are available on the endocannabinoid levels . Despite this limitation, a rather clear picture arises for cb1 receptor: in all the papers where cb1 receptor levels were measured in both ma... |
Necrotizing sialometaplasia was first described by abrams et al.1 in 1973, and since then, other similar cases have been reported . Necrotizing sialometaplasia is an inflammatory, ulcerative lesion of the small salivary glands that usually occurs on one side of the hard palate, although it can also occur on the lower l... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by chronic airflow limitation leading to pathologic alterations in the lungs with consequent extrapulmonary effects . It is not a completely reversible disease, generating systemic complications and comorbidities that contribute to the worsening of the disea... |
The plant c. chaerophylla was collected from nepal . Dried and powdered roots (435 g) were extracted with methanol in a soxhlet extractor . The crude base fraction was chromatographed over sio2 gel column eluting with solvents of increasing polarity . Eluants from c6h6-chcl3 (15: 85) on crystallisation from methanol fu... |
It is well known that oxidant by - products of normal metabolism such as free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ros) in excess can cause extensive damage to dna, proteins, and lipids . Under stress, the body produces more ros, such as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical, which are highly reactive and potentially ... |
The majority of emboli arise from the heart in association with atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, or valvular heart disease [24]. Approximately two - thirds of non - cerebral emboli obstruct the lower extremities, involving aorto - ilio - femoral arteries in approximately two - thirds of the patients, with th... |
The primary teeth restoration differ from permanent teeth due to the limited lifespan of teeth, different morphology of primary molars, lower biting forces in children and their susceptibility to caries.1 - 3 an ideal restorative material in children requires minimal cavity preparation, have adequate strength and wear ... |
The incidence and prevalence of chronic heart failure (chf) increase with age, due to a combination of the physiological and anatomical changes associated with ageing, and the increasing frequency of co - morbid conditions, which predispose to chf . This is exemplified by the finding that the mean age at diagnosis of c... |
The first effective antifungal agent, i.e., griseofulvin, was introduced in 1959 . Up that time, there was no therapy available for patients with tinea capitis except radiation therapy (rt). There is no clear data on the number and method patients were treated in iran, but regarding the poor hygienic status of people, ... |
Microneedles have been researched extensively to improve intradermal or transdermal drug delivery.15 the feasibility of microneedle - mediated delivery of nanoparticles into or through the skin has also been confirmed.6,7 initially, mcallister et al reported permeation of latex nanoparticles of up to 100 nm through hum... |
The arrayexpress archive of functional genomics data is one of the major international repositories for functional genomics high - throughput data . Since 2003 (1), the database has grown to 15 000 experiments comprised of 425 000 assays . During this period, the technology used to generate functional genomics data has... |
Seasonal influenza epidemics impose a heavy burden on society, with 35 million cases and 250 000500 000 deaths worldwide every year.1 the resulting economic impact is large and includes both direct and indirect costs.2,3 traditionally, attention has been directed toward influenza a, which accounts for the majority of i... |
Serpiginous choroidopathy, also known as geographic helicoid peripapillary choroidopathy, is one of the white dot syndromes and is a rare clinical condition responsible for less than 5% of posterior uveitis cases . It is unassociated with systemic disease, affects young to middle - aged adults and has a high relapse ra... |
This view is supported by the large number of intrinsically unfolded proteins that are the causative agents of amyloid diseases, such as -synuclein, amyloid- peptide (a), and amylin . In terms of folded protein precursors, a link between local or global unfolding and the onset of aggregation has been documented . Indee... |
Dopa - responsive dystonia (drd) is characterized by childhood - onset dystonia and a dramatic and sustained response to administration of low - doses of oral levodopa . This disorder typically presents with gait disturbance, caused by lower limb dystonia with diurnal variation, a positive family history, and gradual p... |
In contemporary affluent societies, increases in life expectancy have enhanced the opportunities for grandparents to care for their grandchildren (uhlenberg, 1996; friedman et al ., 2008; coall & hertwig, 2010). These enhanced opportunities for grandparental childcare created by the larger shared lifespan between grand... |
Nhanes 19992000, 20012002, 20032004, and 20052006 are serial cross - sectional surveys including nationally representative samples of the noninstitutionalized civilian u.s . Nhanes 19992006 included 7,975 adults, aged 20 years, who attended the morning examination and had fasted for 924 h at the time of their blood col... |
Hip fractures are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the elderly population and the 1-year mortality rate is approximately 10 - 20%.1 so the hip fracture in elderly is an important issue from the perspective of society and health . Of the factors that affect mortality, early surgery (within 1 to 3 days from ad... |
Thalassemia is a genetic disease in which oxygen is not properly supplied to bodily organs due to an abnormal structure of the patient s hemoglobin (1). The disease is seen in almost all human races, but it is more prevalent in the mediterranean and tropical regions as well as in asia and africa (1, 2). The annual inci... |
Coronary artery disease (cad) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world [1, 2]. Male pattern baldness, also called androgenetic alopecia, is responsible for the majority of hair loss in male individuals [35]. It generally starts at the second or third decade and is characterised by varying de... |
The earliest concept of community health workers in the world came into existence from chinese barefoot doctors program and thailand village health volunteers and communicators.1,2 community health volunteers and community health workers are potential assets to deal with many maternal and child health (mch) problems in... |
Thirty - three eyes of 33 patients who underwent implantation of pc iols into the ac between may 2006 and july 2008 were evaluated retrospectively . Fourteen eyes had inadequate support due to posterior capsular rupture during phacoemulsification, and 19 eyes were previously aphakic . The procedures were performed unde... |
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate- (tdf-) containing combination antiretroviral therapy (art) is currently considered a first - line regimen for hiv treatment and prevention of mother - to - child transmission (pmtct) option b / b+ by the world health organization (who). Tdf and the fixed - dose combination of emtricitabin... |
The heart consists of the cardiac muscle, vasculature, and to a lesser extent interstitial infiltrating cells . It is considered that the gene expressions are separately regulated in these tissue components under physiological and diseased conditions [1, 2]. Although the mrna expression analysis has been established in... |
The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (bmi) 30 mg / m, continues to increase in the united states . According to recent data, the prevalence is 33.8% for adults and the rate of morbid obesity (bmi 40 kg / m) is 5.7% . It is estimated that by 2015 more than 40% of the population will be obese . Consequ... |
Retinitis pigmentosa (rp) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal disorders characterized by night blindness, constricted visual fields, abnormal color vision, and retinal degeneration . The prevalence of rp is approximately 1 per 4000 persons, with more than 1 million affected individuals existing worldwide . Rp... |
Out - of - hospital cardiac arrest is still a major public health issue, claiming hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide yearly . Bystander - initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) is essential to increase the chance of survival and neurological recovery . Despite huge efforts to train laypeople to recognize a... |
Communication among neurons is essential for higher brain functions, such as perception, memory, and movement . The mature nervous system is an intricate network in which neurons are extensively interconnected to each other . These connections are made up during embryonic and postnatal development and are modified duri... |
Horizontal gene transfer (hgt) is very common and of great importance in bacterial evolution and is also relatively common in certain eukaryotic lineages . One consequence of hgt is incongruence between phylogenies reconstructed from genes with different histories of transfer, including of course no transfer at all . F... |
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed nondermatological malignancy in women and ranks second only to lung in cancer - related deaths . While the incidence has increased over the past decade, (figures 1(a) and 1(b)) the mortality rate of breast cancer has gradually declined [2, 3] (figure 2). This improved surv... |
Rare fungi have recently been implicated in human infections ranging from colonisation to invasive fungal infections (ifis) in immunocompromised patients, accounting for <10% of all isolated fungal pathogens.1 pseudozyma species (spp .) Are basidiomycetous yeast classified in the family ustilaginaceae, and its members ... |
Concomitant chemo - radiotherapy, mainly with cisplatin is the standard combined modality approach for the treatment of patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (scchn) region, because it prolongs survival and increases the chance of organ preservation compared to radiotherapy (rt) al... |
Diabetes is a chronic, debilitating disease that requires life - long treatment and greatly increases the risk of serious, long - term complications . Offering the long - term monitoring and treatment needed is not easy for the health - care systems of sub - saharan africa, which are more focused on managing acute infe... |
Malignant thymic neoplasms can be broadly divided into thymomas and thymic carcinomas, both of which exist almost exclusively in the anterior mediastinum . Thymomas have also been described in the neck, posterior mediastinum, lungs, base of the skull and pleural cavity [25]. Very few case reports have described thymoma... |
The hundred trillions of cells which make up our bodies are continually exposed to various mechanical stimuli, including muscle contraction, ongoing blood flow, blood pressure, distension of visceral organs, etc ., which initiate a wide range of cellular responses . These responses include ca mobilization,1,2 protein p... |
Subjects for this nested case - controlled study were selected from ongoing clinical investigations of skeletal muscle insulin resistance . Only female subjects were included to provide a sex - controlled analysis . Women aged 6075 years were recruited through advertisements in the pittsburgh, pa, area . A brief phone ... |
Effective pain control with the help of diclofenac sodium as preemptive analgesic agent in third molar impaction surgery provides better patient compliance following surgery, and prevents occurrence of chronic postoperative pain experience . For ideal postoperative pain management this should be achieved with simple, e... |
Amyloidoses can be classified into three categories: primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (plca), secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis, and systemic amyloidosis with cutaneous involvement . In the plca group, three types can be distinguished: macular, papular (lichenoid) and nodular forms . The first two are ma... |
This condition can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that limits activities of daily living . Conservative management of hip pain includes paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (nsaids), narcotics, and physical modalities.1,2 patients who fail to respond to conservative treatment usually undergo s... |
Plastic, the lightweight and long - lived material, has become a serious environmental hazard (thompson et al ., 2009). The annual global production of the organic polymer has rapidly increased from 1.7 to 280 million tonnes within the last 60 years (plastics europe, 2012) resulting in the accumulation of plastic litte... |
Electronically excited states play a prominent role in many different areas of chemical and condensed matter physics and organic chemistry . While nonadiabatic processes, such as irradiation induced dna damage and repair mechanisms, are the hallmark of photochemical and photobiological reactions, the fluorescent proper... |
Based on recent basic and clinical studies, it has been shown that adipocytokines may contribute to the induction of carcinogens and progression of tumors (1). Visfatin was initially recognized as a growth factor for proliferation of b - cell lymphocyte, called the pre - b cell colony - enhancing factor . Subsequently,... |
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