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The alpha omega trial is a multicenter, double - blind, placebo - controlled trial with a 2 2 factorial design, which has been described in detail elsewhere (6,7). In collaboration with cardiologists from 32 hospitals in the netherlands, we recruited 4,837 patients aged 6080 years with a clinically diagnosed mi up to 1... |
Cardiovascular diseases (cvd) constitute one class of common contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide . Of the many risk factors for the development of cvd, age, gender, family history and genetic inheritance are un - modifiable, while smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet, obesity, and dyslipidemia are modi... |
Reservation - based native americans live in pervasively adverse social and physical environments that place them at increased risk of exposure to a myriad of stressors during childhood which impact their psychological and physical health over their lifetimes . About 1 of 2.9 million native americans that identify as n... |
He presented on multiple occasions with hematemesis, melena and/or hematochezia, associated with hemodynamic instability, and required a cumulative transfusion of more than 100 units packed red blood cells over a period of 8 years . The bleeding was typically preceded by cramping abdominal pain localized in the left up... |
Acute appendicitis is the most common diagnosis suspected in patients presenting in emergency rooms with acute abdominal pain, and is the most common indication for an urgent abdominal intervention . Yet, it is difficult to diagnose based solely on the patient's medical history, physical examination, and laboratory fin... |
Role of n - acetylcystein (nac) in adults with non - acetaminophen induced liver failure was described in few studies in literature . Studies were particularly relevant to countries where, liver transplantation facilities are limited or unavailable . Found a significantly improved transplantation free survival at 3 wee... |
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world with about 952, 000 cases reported worldwide in 2012; and the third leading cause of cancer mortality.1 there is a wide geographical variation being highest in the far east (japan and china) and lowest in africa.23456 the age - standardised incidence range fro... |
The study was performed on age - matched nondiabetic c57bl/6j (n = 22) and diabetic ins2 (akita) c57bl/6j (n = 22) mice from the jackson laboratory (bar harbor, me, usa) at 12 weeks (nondiabetic: n = 12, diabetic: n = 11) and 24 weeks (nondiabetic: n = 10, diabetic: n = 11) of age . The mice were treated in compliance ... |
We present a case of a cardiac transplant candidate with an ejection fraction of less than 15% who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy . This is the first case in which intraoperative hemodynamic measurements were recorded in a patient with cardiopulmonary disease this severe . The patient underwent the procedure ... |
In japan, people aged 65 years and older comprise> 21% of the population, and the nation is becoming a super - aged society more rapidly than any other country . In 2007, the japanese orthopaedic association (joa) proposed the concept of locomotive syndrome, which refers to those elderly individuals who require nursing... |
Many studies have reported that patients with renal cell carcinoma (rcc) may have underlying risk factors for chronic kidney disease (ckd) [1 - 4]. Barlow et al . Suggested that patients undergoing renal surgery have a high rate of new - onset renal insufficiency . Understanding the possibility of renal function change... |
A 10-week - old boy presented with a history of rapidly progressive swelling over the left upper alveolus of a few weeks duration . The past medical and obstetric history was unremarkable and there was no history of trauma . Physical examination revealed a healthy infant with a reddish - bluish, firm, fixed and non - t... |
All strains were derived from haploid cells by4741 (mating type a, euroscarf). Cooperator strain has an intact suc2 gene, defective his3 gene (his31), and yfp expressed constitutively by the adh1 promoter (inserted using plasmid prs401 containing met15). The mutant cheater strain lacks the suc2 gene (euroscarf y02321, ... |
-adrenoceptor ligands comprise one of the most commonly used classes of drugs in clinical practice . -agonists have been used since the 1940s for their beneficial effects in respiratory disease and -antagonists (-blockers) since the 1960s for the control of cardiovascular disease, and both classes remain among the most... |
Chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is an important cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and a major indication for liver transplantation . Despite the exciting and promising discovery of direct - acting antiviral agents, pegylated interferon alpha (peg - ifn) and ribavirin numerous extrahepatic features are ... |
Trigeminal neuralgia (tn) is a debilitating pain syndrome that is characterized by agonizing, paroxysmal, and lancinating pain . The recommended first - line treatment for tn is medical therapy, but this often fails to provide pain relief . Thus, second - line treatment modalities are given to patients whose symptoms a... |
Acute exacerbations of copd are characterized by a change in cough, sputum production, and respiratory symptoms from baseline that cause the patient to seek medical attention and involve increasing the dose and/or frequency of existing bronchodilator therapy . Systemic corticosteroids are also recommended in patients w... |
Antibiotics are among the most frequently used pharmaceuticals in both the inpatient and outpatient setting . Cephalosporins are grouped in b - lactam class of antibiotics, along with penicillins and carbapenems . While these antimicrobial agents are generally well tolerated, these drugs are not without their associate... |
Gastric cancer (gc) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the world [1, 2]. The principal risk factors in development of gc are helicobacter pylori infection, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, male gender, cigarette smoking, partial gastrectomy, menetrier's... |
Genome reduction in bacteria is usually associated with a genome - wide shift toward increased at content (moran 2002; bentley and parkhill 2004; mccutcheon et al . 2009). This pattern is especially pronounced in bacteria that live exclusively in the cytoplasm of host cells; for example, the two most extremely at - bia... |
Conventional inguinal hernia repair in children involves ligation of the hernial sac at the internal inguinal ring . Laparoscopic surgery has been applied in children, and the repair is based on the same principle . This study aimed to document the authors' experience with laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in childre... |
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (php) is a disorder of end - organ resistance primarily affecting the actions of parathyroid hormone (pth)1). It is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in association with increased secretion of pth due to decreased target tissue responsiveness to pth . Patients with php ia are ... |
Sea ice seasons have shortened by at least 5 days / decade over most of the arctic across 1.9 million km ice seasons have shortened by at least 25 days / decade counter to most of the arctic ice seasons have lengthened in the bering sea arctic sea ice has received considerable attention in recent years because of the d... |
Malaria remains one of world s major infectious diseases and an impediment to economic development . One third of the world s population are at risk of infection, around 250 million people develop clinical infections annually, and at least half a million die each year; most are children aged under five years . The dise... |
Understanding the changes occurring within an aging immune system is essential if public health authorities are to be equipped to deal with an aging population . Specifically, knowledge of altered immune responses to infectious agents is required if rational clinical interventions are to be tailored to these aging indi... |
There is a large and developing market for biodegradable bone substitutes in many fields of surgery . Special attention has been paid to develop bone substitutes for the cranio - maxillofacial skeleton since bone defects requiring grafting are easily created in routine procedures such as cranioplasty and facial asymmet... |
Privacy is an individual right, which covers situations related to the intimacy of each person, to respect for dignity, and to family and social relationships . When hospitalized, people find themselves in a situation of extreme fragility, in which they often need care that invades their intimacy . Being ill generates ... |
Traumatic loss of thumb leads to significant loss of function as the thumb contributes to about 40% of the hand functions . When the loss is bilateral, it is more devastating . Replantation is indicated in all cases; however, may not be possible in cases with unsuitably amputated thumb . Toe to thumb transfer is an exc... |
There is a lot of epidemiological evidence to suggest that vitamin d has a role in glucose homeostasis, especially in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis and protecting against type 2 diabetes [1, 2]. However, controlled supplementation trials with vitamin d or its analogues have not been able to produce similar res... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms), received its name in 1955, is an inflammatory disorder of brain and spinal cord where in body's immune system incorrectly attacks its own central nervous system (cns), causing variable and unpredictable symptoms (some examples including slurred speech, blurred vision, loss of balance, poor coor... |
Though the pathogens causing aris vary geographically and by season, globally viruses play a major role [13]. In a recent systematic review, the most common respiratory viruses causing acute lower respiratory tract infection (lri) in children under five years of age were respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza vir... |
Chondrosarcomas (cs) is a locally aggressive condition resulting in the formation of cartilage rather than bone from the mesenchymal tumor cells . This condition mostly affects femur, humerus, pelvis, and the sacrum accounting for 10 - 12% of all malignant bone tumors . In the maxillofacial region, maxilla is more comm... |
Acute coronary syndrome (acs) is characterized by acute, regional reductions in coronary blood flow and myocardial ischemia . Acs describes a spectrum of clinical manifestations, including unstable angina (ua), non - st - segment elevation myocardial infarction (nstemi), and st - segment elevation myocardial infarction... |
Granuloma annulare (ga) is a relatively common idiopathic disorder of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue with an estimated incidence of 0.10.4%.1 the lesions typically appear as papules and plaques with annular margins most commonly on dorsal surfaces of hands, arms and feet.2 the disease affects all age groups, and wo... |
Bronchial inflammation represents one of the main pathophysiological changes in bronchial asthma (ba). The intensity of the inflammation influences the frequency and extent of symptoms, as well as the level of disease control . Induced sputum provides direct information about inflammation . The non - invasive character... |
Alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common form of dementia and represents a serious economic and social burden worldwide . The familial form of ad (fad) is caused by autosomal dominant mutations that increase levels of the 42 amino acid isoform of the amyloid - beta 42 (a42) peptide [1, 2]. The primary genetic risk f... |
According to the world health organisation (who), the current estimates are that more than 62 million individuals are affected by diabetes mellitus (dm), with 79.4 million cases expected by 2030 [1, 2]. The success of the treatments such as the one started in south india is closely related to early detection and explic... |
Nontyphoidal salmonella species are important food borne pathogens and acute gastroenteritis is the most common clinical manifestation accounting for about 70% of cases . Splenic abscess is a very rare complication of nontyphoidal salmonella infections since the presence of antibiotics . Here a 63-year - old woman from... |
A 60-year - old patient presented in the outpatient department with chief complaints of hematuria with off and on episode of urine retention . There was history of passage of small stones in urine occasionally for last few days . On ultrasonography he was found to have 35 g prostate with slightly thickened bladder wall... |
This review was based on a systematic comprehensive search of six databases: ovid medline (1950 to october week 4, 2010); pubmed (january 1, 2008, to november 16, 2010); ovid embase (january 1, 1980, to 2010 week 44); ovid psycinfo (january 1, 1987, to november week 1, 2010); cinahl (january 1, 1982, to november 16, 20... |
In the united states, diabetes mellitus affects 26 million people and its chronic vascular complications are associated with significant morbidity [2, 3], disability, and mortality . Chronic complications from diabetes account for approximately $58 billion in excess medical expenditures per year . Common risk factors f... |
Culex mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens including the human filarial nematode, wuchereria bancrofti, and encephalitis - causing viruses, such as st . Louis, japanese, venezuela equine, western equine encephalitis, and west nile virus (nasci and miller, 1996).1 given the resistance of culex populations to modern insec... |
The most common inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds) are crohn's diseases (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc). It is recognized that aberrant immune response in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in pathogenesis of ibds [1, 2]. A large body of evidence from experimental models of ibd has shown ... |
Toll - like receptor (tlr) agonists such as endotoxins initiate the synthesis of the inactive il-1 precursor (fig . Although most of the il-1 precursor is in the cytosol, a fraction moves into specialized secretory lysosomes (1). The next step is the conversion of the inactive procaspase-1 to active caspase-1 by a comp... |
We quantified the results of entry screening for influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 at auckland international airport . Using the information generated during screening, we retrospectively estimated the number of infected travelers who actually passed through the airport . To estimate the sensitivity of screening, we then compared... |
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf) is a chronic progressive disease with unclear etiology and pathophysiology (1, 2). Its prognosis is poor; survival time after initial diagnosis is only 2.5 - 3.0 yr . There is currently no effective therapy known to improve survival times (3, 4). Numerous studies on the etiology of i... |
Perioperative dental damage is one of the most common anesthesia - related adverse events and is responsible for the greatest number of malpractice claims against anesthesiologists.1 dental injuries includes enamel fracture or tooth subluxation to more severe forms of crown fractures and tooth avulsion . Anterior dislo... |
Environmental enrichment (ee) is an experimental protocol classically defined as a combination of complex inanimate and social stimulation and which provides animals with the opportunity to attain high levels of voluntary physical activity on running wheels and to enhance exploration, cognitive activity, and social int... |
Anthocyanins are members of the flavonoid group of phytochemicals, a group predominant in teas, honey, wines, fruits, vegetables, nuts, olive oil, cocoa, and cereals . The flavonoids, perhaps the most important single group of phenolics in foods, comprise a group of over 4000 c15 aromatic plant compounds with multiple ... |
In a number of reviews on the induction of bone formation, we have often asked how bone differentiation by induction is initiated? Or how the soluble molecular signals of the transforming growth factor- (tgf-) supergene family are deployed so as to initiate de novo bone formation by induction [13]? Somehow more simply ... |
The human abo blood group consists of three major types, a, b, and o . These alleles code for glycosyltransferases, with the terminal sugar chain modifications varying between types . The enzyme encoded by functional alleles of type a and b transfer a galnac or a gal on the precursor oligosaccharides of type h. the nuc... |
People whose rights are not respected on the basis of their gender identity or sexual orientation lack protection within families and the community at large . This places a constraint on their ability to seek health services and information . At the same time, for economic reasons or due to low self - esteem, they may ... |
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonosis caused by obligate intracellular protozoan toxoplasma gondii [1, 2], occurs in about one third of world population . Having the cats as definitive hosts, especially the domestic cat, it shows a wide range of intermediate hosts, including humans . In immunocompetent individuals, severe forms ar... |
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most frequent causes of death worldwide [1, 2]. Heart failure is an enormous medical and societal burden and a leading cause of hospitalization . It is estimated that 2.6 millions hospitalizations annually in the usa are due to heart failure as a primary or secondary diagnosis . In... |
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (nf-1) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting 1 in 25003500 individuals . The fact that it is a progressive disorder and that almost 50% of cases are sporadic mutations multiplies its clinical magnitude several folds . Discuss a report in which they described and classified seven different... |
Advances in our ability to identify and quantify complex glycans and glycoconjugates has led to an increasing awareness of the key roles that these molecules play in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including cell adherence, cell cell interactions, molecular trafficking, biosynthetic quality co... |
A large increase in fusion rates for spine surgery has been observed in the last 20 years9), and the frequency of revision spine surgery continues to increase . The most common reasons for additional surgery7) following fusion surgery are implant complications and pseudoarthrosis . . They may be in the shape of a male ... |
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (upjo) in children most commonly occurs due to adynamic segment of ureter . Previously, ureteral polyp causing upjo in children has been reported in as low as 0.5% of pyeloplasties in children.1 however, in recent studies the incidence reported was around 5%.2 3 4 5 as li et al mentio... |
Colorectal cancer (crc) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world, with over 600,000 deaths per year . Unfortunately, the morbidity of crc has been rapidly rising in asian countries in recent years . However, the multiple known carcinogenic factors and complex genetic backgrounds make it difficult to e... |
Patient 1, a 55-year - old man who had received a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis 7 years previously, was admitted to laikon hosptal, athens, greece, in may 2005 for evaluation of encrusted vesicular lesions on the face . The patient had been receiving nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents until 12 months before adm... |
Osteoporosis is defined by the world health organization (who) as having a bone mineral density (bmd) of more than 2.5 standard deviations below the norm for healthy young adults (1). Bmd, measured by dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry, is used as a bone mass index to predict the risk of fracture (1). Osteoporotic bo... |
The extensive loss of the alveolar ridge and teeth in the posterior mandible presents a complex case for reconstruction . Several augmentation techniques are currently utilized to create sufficient bone volume for predictable placement of endosseous implants in such cases . The numerous surgical approaches proposed con... |
Septic arthritis is a well recognized occurrence in patients with steroid dependent rheumatoid arthritis.1 treatment includes broad - spectrum antibiotics usually accompanied by surgical or needle drainage of the joint.2 while pericardial effusions are common in patients with rheumatologic disorders, the development of... |
Emergency is a condition determined clinically or considered by the patient or his relatives as requiring urgent medical, dental or allied service, failing, which it would result in loss of life or limb.1 the identification of epidemiological trends in hospital admissions are essential for health - care planning and re... |
Every year more than 14 million cases of obstetric hemorrhage occur, resulting in an estimated 127,000 deaths.1 postpartum hemorrhage (pph), blood loss of 500 ml or more, accounts for the majority of these hemorrhage deaths.2 pph is the leading cause of maternal death in low income countries and is the primary cause of... |
Mast cells (mcs) belong to the innate - compartment of the immune system and are widely known for their role in allergic reactions via their binding to ige receptor (alvarez - errico et al ., 2009). Mcs are a common cellular component of both connective and mucosal tissues (kitamura and ito, 2005). Beside this, mcs con... |
The structures of acl and mcp in the gas phase were optimized at the b3lyp/6 - 31 g * level . The structures of the water clusters were determined with classical molecular dynamics trajectories (see details in the si). The cluster models include solvents that have at least one of the atoms within 3 and 4 from acl and m... |
A 19-year - old male presented to the casualty with a history of injury to his left eye by a palm leaf, which fell from a height of about 10 meters . A piece of the stalk had been removed from the wound at a local hospital earlier in the day . On examination, his vision was 20/20, the globe was intact and ocular moveme... |
Secondary sjgren's syndrome (sss) is classified as a connective tissue disease characterized mainly by xerophthalmia and xerostomia, and accompanied by various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (ra), systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, vasculitis, mixed connective tissue disease, primary biliary c... |
Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (scc) of the colon is rare, but colonic metastases from primary tumors of the lung, esophagus and uterine cervix have been reported [14]. Carcinoma of unknown primary site is a well - recognized clinical disorder, accounting for 35% of all malignant epithelial tumors . Scc is the most... |
The white matter tracts that are the last to myelinate are the first to degenerate . Superficial white matter (swm) is located beneath the infragranular layer of the cerebral cortex and these tracts are some of the last fibers to myelinate, often occurring in the fourth decade of life . Therefore, swm represents a popu... |
A deficincia transversa da maxila uma m ocluso com alta prevalncia em todas as faixas etrias, da dentio decdua permanente . Se no for corrigida, pode agravar - se com o passar do tempo, prejudicando o crescimento e desenvolvimento facial . Alm dos prejuzos oclusais, essa deficincia pode trazer problemas respiratrios ta... |
India, yoga combines specific postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), meditative techniques (dhyana), chants (mantras), and wisdom teachings (sutras) to encourage health and relaxation . Following the worldwide commercial success of yoga, industry reports an increase in yoga participation since 2005 with o... |
Interleukin (il)-6 is a cytokine featuring redundancy and pleiotropic activity . It was successfully cloned in 1996 as a b - cell differentiation factor, which promotes b - cell differentiation into antibody - producing cells . Subsequent in vitro studies and analysis of il-6 transgenic mice have shown that il-6 acts n... |
Femoral and humeral bones of balb / c mouse embryos were removed aseptically on 18.5 dpc, and they were microdissected into esz and growth plate (egp) under a stereomicroscope (zeiss stemi 2000-c, carl zeiss microimaging). Each region was minced and gently digested with 2 mg / ml of collagenase (wako pure chemical) at ... |
Aspirin - exacerbated respiratory disease (aerd) refers to the development of bronchoconstriction in asthmatics following the ingestion of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs . It is defined by a clinical syndrome associated with moderate - to - severe asthma and eosinophil inflammation in the upper... |
Radical prostatectomy (rp) is the standard of care among the treatment options for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, especially in men with a life expectancy> 10 years . A recent rp series reported the positive surgical margin (psm) rate to range from 11% to 38% . Psm is defined by most investigators ... |
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and number one cause of death in women between the ages of 45 and 55 in the united states . Although metastatic disease, considered incurable, is rarely seen at the time of initial diagnosis, approximately 20% of women with operable breast cancer eventually relapse, ... |
The partograph is a very useful graphical record of the course of labor that yields optimum results when employed in labor management by obstetric caregivers (ocgs). As an obstetric tool, evidence abounds that the acquisition of knowledge of its use and ensuring proper application of that knowledge would culminate in a... |
Providing care for patients at risk for suicide is best accomplished collaboratively with cooperation of professionals across health care disciplines and settings . Given that all health care professionals may encounter patients at risk for suicide in their clinical work, collaborative suicide risk management is releva... |
A 56-year - old gentleman previously known to have rheumatic mitral stenosis, presented with a recent increase of dyspnea (new york heart association class iii), now associated with orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea . On examination, he had rapid atrial fibrillation with a pulse rate of 130/min . After control... |
Celem badania bya ocena w codziennej praktyce stratyfikacji ryzyka zakrzepowo - zatorowego w niezastawkowym migotaniu przedsionkw . Spord 81 kolejnych pacjentw dotychczas nieleczonych przeciwzakrzepowo, po uwzgldnieniu kryteriw wykluczajcych, ostatecznie badaniem objto 68 . Pacjentw analizowano w zalenoci od ryzyka wys... |
There have been many reports with respect to vaginoplasty, including those involving skin grafting, the intestinal tract and skin flaps, since this surgery was first carried out by dupuytren [18]. However, these methods involved forming the lumen of the vagina, with no reports to date on vaginoplasty including the vagi... |
The ability to generate maximal forces is critical to many sporting, rehabilitative, exercise, physical therapy, and physical testing settings and procedures . In all such settings, researchers, and practitioners however, what has not been clear is the influence these instructions may have on participants attentional f... |
Elderly individuals are at high risk to develop chronic airway inflammatory illnesses such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) [13]. Among all airway illnesses, a recent survey estimates that asthma affects 48% of the american population over 65 years of age and numbers are expected to increase i... |
A rapid development of medical sciences in all fields of laboratory diagnostics entails a need to improve the analytical process, which now must meet increasingly strict requirements of scientific societies that set forth new standards in diagnostics and treatment . The most recent guidelines recommended by esc, acc, a... |
A dental implant consists of components, which transfer chewing forces to the jaw bone . In recent years, the effects of loading on implants and surrounding bone have been widely investigated to design dental implant systems . Biomechanical, mechanical, chemical and biological aspects of dental implants are required to... |
Hain - munk syndrome (hms) (omim #245010) is an extremely rare form of autosomal recessive disorder, which along with papillon - leferve syndrome (pls) (omim #245,000) is classified as type iv palmoplantar keratoderma (ppk). Ppks are a heterogeneous group of disorders, which are characterized by abnormal thickening of ... |
Throat swabs and urine sediments were obtained from patients with serologically confirmed cases of measles . Clinical specimens were inoculated onto b95a cells (24), and the cells were observed for cytopathic effect (cpe). Inoculated cells were blind - passaged up to three times before being discarded . Total cellular ... |
Hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection are the main causes of end - stage liver disease requiring orthotopic liver transplantation (olt). However, the post - olt course is quite different between the two types of hepatitis . The post - olt hepatitis b recurrence rate is> 80% without any... |
Current structure - based research has used high - resolution mx and nmr - derived structures to guide hypothesis - driven research . This has been effective for well - folded, compact enzymes, and has enabled atomic - level dissection of an enzyme s active site . Nevertheless, estimates suggest that over 50% of eukary... |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most important pathogens in the world (1). The emergence of multi - drug resistant strains (mdr) and co - infection with the hiv virus is considered one of the biggest health problems (2). According to the world health organization reports, in 2013, nine million people developed... |
Atrial septal defect (asd) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases in adults . Adult patients with unrepaired asd are at risk of developing major cardiovascular events, especially atrial fibrillation (af). Transcatheter closure has evolved as a standard therapeutic option for the treatment of asd in adult p... |
The brain is a highly complex organ that consists of various types of neurons and glia . How the complex brain architecture develops from neural stem cells (nscs) is one of the central questions of neuroscience . Much interest has been paid to the mechanisms of nsc maintenance, proliferation, migration, and differentia... |
In research and development of herbal formulae, intra - laboratory verification of the effectiveness is an important method to establish evidence based korean medicine . Despite the frequent use of medicinal plants, few scientific studies have been undertaken to determine the safety of traditional medicinal herbs . If ... |
It is well established that the presence of neoplasms in the upper tract urothelium necessitates the en bloc removal of the ipsilateral kidney, ureter, and bladder cuff as the standard of care based on the premise that urothelial cancers are caused by a field change or defect . However, due to the morbidity associated ... |
, cataract surgery has continued to evolve, with smaller incision procedures, development of premium intraocular lenses and laser - assisted surgery.13 in the field of retina, anti - vascular endothelial growth factor (anti - vegf) intravitreal injections have revolutionized treatment of macular edema and choroidal neo... |
Cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a common viral infection in renal transplant recipients, affecting more than 50% of recipients of major organ transplants . The most common clinical presentation is a viral syndrome characterized by fever, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, atypical lymphocytosis and other well - documented manifest... |
Periodontal disease is a multifactorial infectious disease triggered by the development of dental biofilm, which can harm periodontal tissues . There are several factors which influence periodontitis: personal and social characteristics, behavioral, systemic, genetic and dental factors, and the microbial composition of... |
Actinic granuloma is an uncommon granulomatous reaction hypothesized to be an autoimmune response to actinic damage to elastic tissue (o'brien, 1978). It is more commonly seen in women, with a female male ratio ranging from 1.2:1 to 2:1 (gutierrez - gonzalez et al ., 2013, limas, 2004, o'brien, 1975, ragaz and ackerman... |
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