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Hiv / aids is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in zambia, where in 2009 the national hiv prevalence in the 1549 year age group was estimated at 13.5%, but effective treatment is complicated by a high degree of malnutrition in the hiv - infected population . A review of hiv - infected adults starting antiretrovi... |
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (aps) is a rare genetic disease that causes multiple endocrine disorders . The vague presentation of endocrine dysfunction can cause a delay in both the diagnosis and the treatment of life - threatening conditions . We, herein, present a case of aps in a 21-year - old man whose conditi... |
Crestal incision placed about 1.5 mm palatal to the greatest bony height with an angulation of 45 with no . 15 bard parker blade [figure 1] a vertical releasing incision placed mesially and distally to the crestal incision without disturbing the adjacent teeth papilla and extending about 3 mm labially [figure 2] soft t... |
Until the 1980s, most of our knowledge about drugs, drug mechanisms and drug receptors could fit in a few encyclopedic books and a couple dozen schematic figures . However, with the recent explosion in biological and chemical knowledge, this is no longer the case . There is simply too much data (images, models, structu... |
The characteristics of keratoconus (kc) have been well documented in numerous populations worldwide . Characteristics such as age, gender, visual acuity, severity, associated factors, and management have been reported in studies conducted in australia, england, india, iran, israel, jordan, malaysia, new zealand, scotla... |
Multicystic dysplastic kidney (mcdk), a variant of renal dysplasia, is one of the most frequently identified congenital urinary tract abnormalities (cakut). Its incidence varies, depending on the study and country, but ranges from 1 in 3640 to 1 in 4300 live births [1, 2]. Renal dysplasia is characterized by structural... |
The anterior cruciate ligament (acl) is the most frequently injured knee ligament, and accounts for about 50% of all ligament injuries1 . Acl injury is a common cause of knee instability and alters the kinematics of the knee2 . Most are caused by non - contact injury mechanisms, such as landing from a jump, or rapid de... |
Inflammation plays a key role in innate immune responses during infections with invading pathogens such as bacteria, fungus, virus, and parasite . Inflammation can be protective by recruiting immune and inflammatory cells and eliminating pathogens; however, excessive inflammation with overexpression of inflammatory fac... |
Volumetric - modulated arc therapy (vmat) has been characterized as intensity - modulated radiotherapy (imrt) in a single gantry arc, in which gantry speed, dose rate and leaf speed of the multileaf collimator (mlc) are varied during gantry rotation . In contrast, 180 partial - arc vmat has been employed for lung cance... |
Numerical investigations of cosmological spacetimes can be categorized into two broad classes of calculations, distinguished by their computational (or even philosophical) goals: 1) geometrical and mathematical principles of cosmological models, and 2) physical and astrophysical cosmology . In the former, the emphasis ... |
An estimated 11.5 million incident ischaemic strokes (63% in low - income and middle - income countries) and 5.3 million incident hemorrhagic strokes (80% in low - income and middle - income countries) took place . Cv stroke is the leading cause of disability in adults and each year millions of stroke survivors have to... |
The human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pandemic has fuelled the tuberculosis (tb) epidemic by creating a population of immunosuppressed individuals that are highly susceptible to mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection . The last decade has seen an unprecedented increase in antimycobacterial drug resistance . Of the... |
Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease that causes diarrhea lasting for about 1 - 2 weeks among the immunocompetent and becoming a more severe life - threatening illness among immunocompromised individuals . It constitutes 24% of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patients with diarrhea compared with 6.1% in... |
Genomes vary from one another in multifarious ways, and the totality of this genetic variation underpins the heritability of human traits . Various recent studies show the landscape of genetic variation and allow estimation of the relative contributions of sequence (base substitutions) and structural variation (indels,... |
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a systemic autoimmune disorder with progressive articular damage that may result in lifelong disability [1, 2]. It typically causes a symmetrical chronic arthritis that causes joint pain, swelling and in some cases a systemic illness [3, 4]. The central pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis ... |
Histologic confirmation of this lesion is difficult, although it is very important for decision of treatment method.1 various methods, including endoscopic ultrasound - guided fine needle aspiration (eus - fna),2,3 eus - guided trucut biopsy (eus - tcb), endoscopic submucosal - mucosal resection (esmr),4 and open surge... |
Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ph+ all) is a high - risk, aggressive form of acute leukemia, affecting primarily adults and the elderly . The hallmark of this disease is the presence in all leukemia cells of a reciprocal translocation termed t(9; 22)(q34; q11) resulting in a chimeric bcr - abl (e1a... |
The human skin forms a barrier to the external environment that is constantly exposed to colonizing microbiota, invasive pathogens, and allergens (belkaid and segre, 2014, pasparakis et al ., these encounters drive differentiation and colonization of tissue - resident memory t (trm) cells (gaide et al ., 2015, 2012), o... |
Gossypiboma refers to a mass resulting from retained cotton, gauze, or sponge accidentally left within the body after surgery . As indicated in its name, gossypiboma is an iatrogenic outcome reported on rare occasions in various parts of the body with diverse clinical findings, often mistaken radiologically as a tumor ... |
Oncocytes are defined as modified epithelial cells with characteristic finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, which are abundant in mitochondria [1, 2, 3, 4]. Tumors composed of oncocytes have been described in the major and minor salivary glands, the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands as well as in t... |
Alginic acid sodium salt (al) (viscosity: 20.0 - 40.0 cp in 1% water, mw: 7334), diclofenac sodium salt and cellulose acetate dialysis tube (mw: 7014) was procure from sigma louis, usa . Calcium chloride, hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide we... |
There will be 60.5 million people with open angle glaucoma (oag) and angle closure glaucoma (acg) in 2010; the number will be increasing to 79.6 million by 2020 . An automatic and economic system is highly desirable for glaucoma screening for a wider range of people . The best approach to do screening is based on 2d co... |
Tehran with approximately twelve million citizens is the largest city of iran, with most of its population being immigrants . This study was conducted from february 2010 to september 2011.the participants were defendants with a judicial order of evaluation for mental status and criminal responsibility . These participa... |
Studies have reported the prevalence of psychological distress and psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy [14]. Seizure activity, poor seizure control, and kindling - like phenomena may be causes of depression . Sometimes depression may be a side effect of anticonvulsant medication [5, 6]. Psychosocial facto... |
The incidence of colorectal cancer is one of the highest malignancies . In netherlands alone, colorectal cancer is diagnosed in 12,000 patients annually and it is the second most frequent cause of death due to malignancies . In an effort to improve the standard of care for these patients, new techniques have been intro... |
Bruxism, also known as tooth grinding, is a distinct type of oral habit possessing rhythmic activity of the orofacial muscles causing a vigorous contact between the surfaces of the teeth . Although, there is no unanimous agreement on the definition of bruxism, some scholars defined it as a repetitive jaw - muscle activ... |
A small subset of patients with chronic total occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (mca) are refractory to medical treatment due to inadequate collateral circulation.1 surgical revascularization with extracranial to intracranial bypass has been the mainstay of treatment but its efficacy remains controversial.2 devel... |
The increase in respiratory diseases arising from allergies in industrialised countries in recent years is considered to be linked to changes in certain environmental factors . One such factor relates to the higher levels of atmospheric pollution and the greater presence and distribution of allergenic taxa . Climate ch... |
Antibodies used were specific for atpase subunit and (invitrogen molecular probes), monoclonal and polyclonal acetyllysine (cell signaling technology), sirt3 (as described3), etf and lcad (generously provided by jerry vockley, university of pittsburgh). Oxidation of [1-c] palmitic acid by tissue homogenate was adapted ... |
Sub - saharan africa (ssa) has been under the scourge of communicable diseases (cds) for a long period of time, and sudden deaths (sds) are still responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality in the region . Cds continue to be a burden although the non - cds (ncds) are now coming up as an equally burdensome disea... |
Thirty years have passed after discovering human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiological agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) [14]. Two types of hiv are known: the most common hiv-1, which is responsible to the worldwide aids epidemic, and the immunologically distinct hiv-2, which is much less c... |
Transurethral resection of the prostate (turp) is still viewed as the benchmark for surgical therapies for benign prostatic enlargement (bpe). Even though the mortality and short - term morbidity rates following turp in contemporary series are much lesser than in the older series (0.1% vs. 0.2% mortality rate, 11.1% vs... |
Understanding the causes of human disease is one of the most fundamental goals of modern medicine . Identifying the factors contributing to these differences, and elucidating their interactions as they contribute to aspects of disease phenotype, is a precursor to improved prevention, detection and treatment of disease ... |
Francisella tularensis is a gram - negative facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia, a systemic infection of many mammals including humans . Left untreated, the virulent type a subspecies of f. tularensis routinely caused lethal infection in people particularly after aerosol exposure to... |
In india, the regulation of genetically engineered (ge) organisms is prescribed in rules notified by ministry of environment and forests (now the ministry of environment, forests and climate change; moef&cc), government of india on december 5, 1989 under the environment (protection) act 1986 . These rules, commonly ref... |
Ventricular septal defect (vsd) is one of the most common congenital cardiac defects . Traditional open - heart repair has been established as the gold standard for closure of the perimembranous vsd . Due to the close proximity to the conduction system, complete atrioventricular block (avb) occurs in 03% of vsd patient... |
The general secretory (sec) pathway, conserved throughout bacteria, is the canonical translocation pathway and is responsible for translocating the vast majority of secreted proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane . Like other general translocation pathways, sec requires the synthesis of its cargo as preproteins with ... |
Research on the etiology and natural history of asthma has identified a web of predisposing factors (e.g., genetics, atopy), causal factors that may sensitize the airways (e.g., animal dander, dust mites, workplace allergens) and contributing factors (perinatal events such as mode of delivery, exposure to cigarette smo... |
During the past decade, radiofrequency catheter ablation has emerged as an effective therapy for ventricular tachycardia (vt) in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (arvc). One of the major challenges in mapping and ablation is vt non - inducibility . Although conventional vt induction protoco... |
A 49-year - old man (body weight: 86 kg, height: 169 cm) who was diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis b virus (child - pugh grade c, meld score 14) presented for ldlt . His past medical history revealed diabetes mellitus that was well controlled with an oral hypoglycemic ag... |
To report a case of bilateral spontaneous anterior lens dislocation associated with retinitis pigmentosa (rp). A 45-year - old male with rp presented with elevated intraocular pressure (iop) in the right eye and was treated with laser iridotomy (li). Surgical intervention, including anterior vitrectomy, intracapsular c... |
Messori and colleagues are to be congratulated on their interesting report on the italian observational study of antithrombin iii (at iii) use in intensive care units . Audits of this sort are difficult and time consuming to conduct . Observational studies are also difficult to analyse and interpret because of the hete... |
The world report on disability in 2012 estimated there are 360 million people with hearing loss representing, approximately 5.3% of the world population . In recent years, aging has become one of the most common causes of hearing loss and the prevalence of hearing loss among adults over 65 years of age is five times hi... |
The 6 principles of integrative nursing are used to frame the comparison of the two perspectives on whole - person / whole - systems health and wellbeing . These principles include (1) human beings are whole systems, inseparable from their environments; (2) human beings have the innate capacity for health and wellbeing... |
Bridging integrator-1 breast cancer 1 and 2 cyclin - dependent kinase cyclin - dependent kinase inhibitor human homolog of double minute 2 poly(adp - ribosyl)ation poly(adpribose) polymerase 1 retinoblastoma 1 protein the discovery of gleevec (sti-571), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was a milestone achievement in clinic... |
Pulmonary sequestration (ps) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by the presence of a nonfunctioning lung parenchyma that lacks normal tracheobronchial tree connection and is supplied by a systemic artery.1 congenital diaphragmatic hernia (cdh) is a malformation characterized by a diaphragmatic defect throug... |
Diarrhea, including that of parasitic origin, remains one of the most common illnesses among children and, as reported by the world health organization, is one of the major causes of infant and childhood mortality in developing countries . Intestinal opportunistic parasitic infections are important causes of diarrhea w... |
Ventilator - associated pneumonia (vap) is a dangerous complication in patients who need mechanical ventilation (mv). Vap is the most common infection among patients undergoing mv and has been associated with an increased mortality rate (approaching 50%), an increased morbidity rate, the length of intensive care unit (... |
While adipose tissue has in the past been viewed as a depot involved in passive storage of energy, it is increasingly clear that it is in fact a highly active tissue . It is an endocrine organ, secreting various cytokines and regulating metabolism of other organs . Adipose tissue affects not only body weight, but also ... |
Following exposure of a population to radiation, concern about the risk of radiation - induced cancer can be a major source of anxiety,1,2 particularly for parents concerned about the future health of their children.3 despite the obvious importance of preventing accidental radiation exposure and reducing exposure level... |
Histological evaluation of a peripheral nerve is often the final diagnostic work - up for a neuropathy of unknown origin, and is most informative when the nerve is clinically affected . A distal sensory nerve, including the sural, superficial peroneal, or superficial radial nerve, is usually biopsied, and a motor nerve... |
2009 saw the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century, when an h1n1 influenza a virus spread to over 200 countries, resulting in more than 18 000 deaths globally . The wide spread of the virus resulted from its efficient human - to - human transmission . Transmission requires binding of the virus surface envelope p... |
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the usa and western europe . World incidence was 1 050 000 cases during the year 2000 with a mortality rate of 373 000 1 . Despite earlier diagnosis and improvement in adjuvant therapies then, the disease is incurable and the median of survival is 18 to 24 months 2... |
The generation of neurons in the developing central nervous system requires a number of precisely orchestrated steps, whereby proliferating neural progenitors become committed to the neuronal fate, exit cell cycle, and undergo a long and complex program of migration and differentiation (kriegstein and alvarez - buylla,... |
Tooth whitening is a highly desirable esthetic treatment, as the tooth color is one of the most important factors related to the patients' satisfaction with their appearance . Dental bleaching treatments are mainly based on the action of hydrogen peroxide, which is able to penetrate the tooth structure and release free... |
Transversetesticular ectopia (tte) is a rare form of testicular ectopia in which one of the testes crosses midline and occupies contralateral side of hemiscrotum . Tte with persistent mullerian duct syndrome usually presents as undescended testis with contralateral inguinal hernia . Laparoscopy is being increasingly us... |
Due to the inherent limitations of the 12-lead surface ecg to provide accurate information on the precise location and activation sequence of cardiac arrhythmias within the human heart, non - invasive electrocardiographic imaging (ecgi) was developed . Electrocardiographic imaging is based on non - invasive numerical r... |
Fossa navicularis strictures following radical prostatectomy are rare . Unlike other anterior urethral strictures, fossa strictures are usually inflammatory or procedure - induced, arising from urethral trauma caused by endoscopic procedures, catheterizations, or subsequent infections . In the literature we describe th... |
Similar experience is seen in malaysia with breast cancer being the most common cancer among women . Advances in detection and treatment modalities have improved the survival rate of women with breast cancer . In malaysia, the 5-year survival rate among breast cancer patients has seen improvements over the past decades... |
We have recently described mixed ti / m oxo clusters with divalent metals m (ca, sr, zn, cd). These clusters have a basic hexanuclear structure that varies according to the size and coordination number of the m ions.1 in another series of ti / m oxo clusters with divalent metals (m = sr, pb), crown ether type structure... |
Percutaneous nephrostomy (pcn) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pnl) are established minimally invasive renal interventions . Improvement in understanding of vascular and renal calyceal anatomy, refinement of the techniques and technology, and increasing experience in the last two decades have led to increased safety ... |
Natural contamination of cockroaches with wide range of pathogenic organisms including about 40 species of bacteria, nearly 12 species of pathogenic helminthes, the second largest group of vertebrate pathogens, and also viruses, protozoa and fungi affecting man and other vertebrate animals have been reported by numerou... |
Patients experience preventable harm from medical errors, mistakes and teamwork failures (1). It is a guiding factor in daily care and a central issue in healthcare (3, 4). For example, in iran, it is not taught to medical personnel, traditionally (6). However, preventable adverse events are common in developed and dev... |
Thalidomide has been successful use in patients with refractory crohn disease (cd) in recent years . We collected the data of a postoperative cd patient who was prescribed thalidomide to induce remission and reviewed the relevant literatures . A 51-year - old female was diagnosed as cd after an urgent terminal intestin... |
Patterns of tumor metastases are dependent on the recipient organ microenvironment, and each component of the metastatic tumor microenvironment plays distinct and unique roles in disease progression . To better understand organ - specific metastases and to ultimately develop more effective therapeutics, the biology of ... |
Influenza c virus remains poorly studied compared with influenza a and b, although it has been shown to cause upper respiratory tract (urt) and lower respiratory tract (lrt) infections of varying severity similar to those associated with the other respiratory viruses . Symptoms include fever, cough, rhinorrhea, and lrt... |
Alopecia areata (aa) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicles and nails, its etiology is unknown, probably multifactorial with evident autoimmune and genetic components . The first clinical description of aa is attributed to celsus (14 - 37 b.c .) And the designation aa was given by sauvages . The import... |
Mllerian anomalies are congenital defects of the female reproductive tract resulting from failure in the development of the mllerian ducts and their associated structures symptoms appear principally during adolescence or early adulthood, and affect the reproductive capacity of these women . When clinically suspected, i... |
Acquired brain injuries (abi) are a crucial issue for healthcare and social services . In 2000 and 2005 two consensus conferences in italy [1, 2] produced a set of recommendations to improve patients healthcare . In 2009, to improve the continuum of care for acquired brain injuries in tuscany, italy (3,500,000 million ... |
Moreover, a clinical investigation demonstrated that more than 20% of patients with subaxial cervical dislocations were combined with traumatic disc herniation (tdh). A surgical realignment, decompression, and reconstruction is usually needed for the instable cervical spine due to disc disruption, facet locking, etc . ... |
Prosite, initially a signature or pattern database, was created in 1988 by amos bairoch . It was first distributed through pc / gene, the sequence analysis software suite he was developing at the time . The first release of prosite was made available in pc / gene in march 1988 and contained 58 patterns . Each pattern w... |
Ureteric injury from herniorrhaphy is unusual . We present a case of ureteric injury complicating an inguinal herniorrhaphy for a huge right inguino - scrotal hernia . Case reports are important as they describe rare clinical conditions, highlight uncommon challenges or therapeutic adaptations . They can, however, draw... |
Serial analysis of gene expression (sage) is a powerful method for obtaining comprehensive and quantitative gene expression profiles from cell populations under selected physiological conditions . Sage counts polyadenylated transcripts by sequencing a short 14 bp tag at the gene's 3 end, adjacent to the last restrictio... |
Leprosy is a well - known chronic infectious disease that is caused by mycobacterium leprae (m. leprae). The incidence of leprosy has declined worldwide after the introduction of multidrug therapy (mdt) by the world health organization (who) in 1982;1 however, it is still a public health problem in many countries, whic... |
Toxicity from chloroform can include central nervous system depression, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatic injury, and hepatic cancer . Most cases of chloroform toxicity are the result of inhalational exposures, and very few reports involve oral ingestions . Since this route of exposure is exceedingly rare, information regar... |
In 2006, national institute for health and clinical excellence (nice) recommended laparoscopic surgery as an alternative to open surgery for colorectal resections . The bowel cancer report commissioned by the cancer services coordinating group revealed that in wales only 9.5% of colorectal resections were performed lap... |
Acute - onset postoperative endophthalmitis is characterized by marked inflammation of intraocular fluids and tissues . Gram - negative bacteria are less commonly isolated than gram - positive bacteria in patients with acute - onset postoperative endophthalmitis . Gram - negative organisms have been isolated in 26%42% ... |
Tinnitus affects about 16% of the adult population [1, 2] and is strongly associated with hearing loss . There is as yet no cure and so clinical management typically involved education and sound - based therapies . It is associated with pathological neural activity in the central auditory system, possibly resulting fro... |
Endoscopic treatment of advanced biliary disorders and their complications following surgical procedures is often difficult especially after billroth ii gastric resection . In such cases, endoscopic access to the papilla and neopapilla thus, percutaneous cholangiodrainage or re - operation is therefore indicated when e... |
The rapidly aging population drives an increase in the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (cvd), which in turn contributes to an explosion of vascular dementia (vad) and alzheimer s disease (ad). Many vascular risk factors such as atherosclerosis, stroke and cardiac disease could result in cerebrovascul... |
To date only two species, mangrovibacter plantisponsor dsm 19579 and mangrovibacter yixingensis kctc 42181 have been described under the genus mangrovibacter (http://www.bacterio.net/mangrovibacter.html). The draft genome of mangrovibacter sp . Strain mfb070, isolated from an aquaculture farm in india has been describe... |
Aortic valve stenosis (as) is a common valvular disease in the western world . As the geriatric population has grown, so too has the number of patients presenting with symptomatic aortic valve disease because its prevalence increases with age . Surgical aortic valve replacement (savr) has produced significant results t... |
Establishment and maintenance of cellular polarization are critical features for development and organ function . Apical - basolateral (a / b) polarity of epithelial cells serves to perform vectorial functions, like transport of fluid or directed secretion of specific proteins . Besides the ubiquitous epithelial a / b ... |
Chinese anti - cancer association (uscaca,) (http://www.uscaca.org/) is a non - profit professional organiza - tion founded in 2009 . With members from academia, industry and government, uscaca facilitates collaboration among cancer research and physicians in the united states and china . Our current focus is on expedi... |
Quality of diet and physical inactivity have been attributed to the rise in prevalence of obesity leading to type 2 diabetes (the most common form) among developed and developing countries . Prolonged television (tv) viewing time has been associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in men from the hea... |
In the south atlantic ocean is located fernando de noronha archipelago around 540 km of the northeastern brazilian coast . This archipelago is composed by one large island and 20 small adjacent islets that represent a mountain chain top developed along an east - west fracture zone of the ocean floor and was built up by... |
This study was part of a larger study that looked at several outcomes, including diabetes coping behaviors and glycemic control status of t2 dm patients . The study design was cross - sectional and it was conducted at the national centre for diabetes and endocrinology (ncde) in tripoli, libya, after being approved by u... |
Thymomas are the most common low - grade malignant tumors that often emerge in the anterior mediastinum in adults . While thymectomy by sternotomy is the traditional method of treating thymoma, recently, video - assisted thoracic surgery (vats) approaches have been often selected . Vats thymectomy is reportedly feasibl... |
The austrian stroke prevention study (asps) is a prospective study on the effects of vascular risk factors on brain structure and function in cognitively normal middle - aged and elderly inhabitants of graz, austria; details have been previously described (13,14). Briefly, 2,007 participants were randomly selected from... |
Fourier transform infrared (ftir) and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (gcms) are two essential techniques applied for analysis of edible oils [1, 2]. Fundamentally, ftir spectra illustrate absorption bands with characteristic frequency attributed to different functional groups whilst gcms reveals the compounds e... |
Premature beats arising from foci other than pulmonary veins have been related to its pathogenesis . A 64-year - old female underwent superior vena cava (svc) isolation after triggers were identified originating from the svc following pulmonary vein isolation; immediately after svc isolation, she developed junctional r... |
Skin wounds are caused by the loss of connection in the skin and recovery requires cellular and biochemical reactions . Chronic wounds arise from the lack of physiological processes and the disease due to complications (e.g. Infection and amputation) has devastating consequences on societies . According to the principl... |
We report the case of a patient who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy with gallstone spillage 34 months before presenting to the thoracic surgery service . The patient first complained of streaks of hemoptysis at 6 months from the time of the original procedure . A lower lobe infiltrate was noted and treated suc... |
Spinal fusion and pedicle screw fixation techniques are usually used in cases of vertebral fractures, dislocation, scoliosis, kyphosis, spinal tumor and for severe back pain that does not respond to other therapies.123 the pedicular screw fixation offers a stable and safe possibility for stabilization during correction... |
Damage to the thoracic duct during spinal operations is a rare but potentially serious complication that manifests as a cervical chylous fistula, chylothorax, or chyloretroperitoneum . Serious insult to the structure can result in significant nutritional deficiency, respiratory dysfunction, and considerable immunosuppr... |
Neuromodulation has been established as an effective treatment for patients with overactive bladder (oab) where first - line therapies, such as the muscarinic antagonists, do not provide sufficient efficacy.1 currently, the two most common approaches to neuromodulation are sacral spinal nerve (sn) stimulation using the... |
Some forms, such as declarative memory, are explicit memories of objects, places, or events . Others forms, such as non - declarative memory, are implicit, like habits, skills, or priming, and do not require conscious awareness (gilbert et al ., 2001; squire, 2004). While this has been an established taxonomy of learni... |
Latin america and the caribbean region is composed of 32 countries and puerto rico, an unincorporated territory of the united states . Twenty of these countries share a common history and culture resulting from the iberian colonization in the 16 century and are characterized by the use of the spanish and portuguese lan... |
Ocular melanoma (om), the second most common type of melanoma after cutaneous melanoma, accounts for 3.7% of all melanoma cases.1,2 the incidence rate of om is one per million in the united states (us), and 0.7 per 100,000 among caucasians alone (age - standardized to the world standard population).2,3 there are two ma... |
There is growing evidence that drug combinations can be more effective than the sum of individual drug effects . One course of therapy that demonstrated this theory is the administration of paclitaxel (ptx) combined with 5-fluoroucacil (5-fu) to patients with gastric, breast, pancreatic, and other types of cancer, each... |
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