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The nucleic acid protein interaction database (npidb) provides an access to information about all available structures of dna protein and rna protein complexes . Almost 4000 structures of such complexes are now available in the protein data bank [pdb, (1)]. The npidb automatically extracts data from the pdb, then the d... |
Age - related macular degeneration (amd) is the leading cause of irreversible, severe visual loss in people aged 55 and older in the developed world (congdon et al 2004) and it is estimated that more than 500 000 people worldwide lose their sight annually from the disease (eyetech pharmaceuticals, inc . 2005). The neov... |
Cmbs are regarded as one of the indicators of cerebral small vessel disease, especially when located in the deep gray matter or infratentorial area . Risk factors associated with cmbs in the lobar area are different than those associated with deep cmbs . A different pathomechanism of cortical microangiopathy by amyloid... |
Dna alkylating agents have been used in the clinic for more than 60 years for the treatment of cancer and are still considered first - line medication . Their mode of action involves covalent modification to dna by forming genotoxic dna adducts that can interfere with replication of cells, especially in rapidly dividin... |
Appendix tumours are relatively rare cancers . In the examination of specimens after appendectomy, appendix cancer is observed with 1% incidence . According to the national cancer institute, using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (seer) data, appendix cancer accounts for 0.4% of all gastrointestinal tumo... |
In publications dating back several decades, irregularities in the morphology of the femoroacetabular articulation have been implicated as a possible source of hip pain in young, active athletes . A french article published in 1979 described hip pain associated with structural abnormalities of the proximal femoral neck... |
Type 2 diabetes (t2 dm) and obesity have become epidemic in malaysia . According to the latest national health and morbidity surveys, 14.9% of malaysian adults aged 30 years and above are diabetic and they are often obese or overweight [1, 2]. Moreover, diabetic nephropathy (dn) is the most common cause of end - stage ... |
One of the methods of partial ureter substitution is the use of free bladder autologous mucosa flaps . This method has been in use for about 50 years . Despite previous reports describing the benefits of this method, in reconstructive surgery, up to now, it has not been used in clinical practice . Our poor morphologic ... |
Total body irradiation (tbi) is a radiotherapy technique mostly used as a part of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). The role of tbi in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents is to destroy malignant or genetically disordered cells and to immunosuppress the patient prior to hsct . The immune system of... |
The classification and the terminologies used for various vascular lesions have been very confusing despite the fact that a biological classification was first published in 1982 by mulliken and glowacki . This classification was later adopted by the international society for the study of vascular anomalies (issva) in t... |
Gunshot wounds to the spine account for approximately 13 to 17% of all spinal cord injuries each year5). Spinal cord injury after gunshot usually results in complete injury, such as paraplegia, which is highly associated with thermal tissue injury34). However, neurological deficits can be variable, ranging from radicul... |
A coracoid fracture is a rare orthopaedic condition as it accounts for only 2 10% of all scapular fractures and <0.1% of all fractures . In even rarer cases coracoid fractures we present an unusually rare case of a simultaneous fracture of the coracoid process and the lateral end of clavicle . The patient was treated w... |
A spinal cord injury that affects mainly the final common motor pathway and the primary sensory trajectories occurs as the spinal nerve roots are torn or avulsed from their medullary attachments . In humans this occurs most frequently in traction injuries to the brachial plexus but also in trauma to the lumbosacral ple... |
Hepatolithiasis, that is, the formation of stones in the intrahepatic biliary tree, is most prevalent in east asia, including china, japan, and korea (1). The goals of primary treatment are to resolve ongoing infections and to prevent recurrent cholangitis, subsequent hepatic fibrosis, and progression to cholangiocarci... |
Non - st - segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (nste - acs) are the most frequent manifestation of acute coronary syndromes (acs). Its morbidity and mortality stays high and even equal to those of patients with st - segment elevation myocardial infarction (stemi) during long - term follow - up.1)2) current guide... |
The hira data tables were composed of five main tables (general specification, healthcare services, diagnosis information, prescriptions, and general information about the medical institutions). The disease codes were based on the korean standard classification of disease (kcd). Specifications of the computer that was ... |
Sexual systems in angiosperms range from hermaphroditism (monomorphic populations of plants with bisexual flowers) to dioecy (dimorphic populations of male and female individuals) and include almost all imaginable combinations and gradations (table 1; [1, 2] and references therein). Such remarkable diversity of sexual ... |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is the fifth most common cause of cancer, and its incidence is increasing worldwide because of the dissemination of hepatitis b and c virus infection15 . Patients with cirrhosis are at the highest risk of developing hcc and should be monitored every 6 months to diagnose the tumour at an a... |
Yogic visual concentration (trataka) is one of the six cleansing techniques mentioned in the ancient indian yogic text, hata yoga pradipika . Looking intently with an unwavering gaze at a small point until tears are shed is known as trataka (hata yoga pradipika, ch:2, v: 31). Hata yoga pradipika mentions that the pract... |
Despite the pronounced improvement of oral and dental status, dental caries is still a common dental disease . The factor which almost affects the preventive dentistry performance is the knowledge and function of the medical group concerning this issue . An important aspect of the child's general care should involve th... |
Vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is currently considered the most important mediator of angiogenesis in physiological and pathological processes, including various eye diseases such as exudative age - related macular degeneration (amd). Ranibizumab (lucentis, novartis, basel, switzerland) is a monoclonal anti ... |
This study reports a rare patient of a rapid spontaneously resolving acute subdural hematoma . In addition, an analysis of potential clues for the phenomenon is presented with a review of the literature . A 1-year - and-2-month - old boy fell from a height of approximately 2 m. the patient was in a superficial coma wit... |
During october 2009october 2010, a total of 448 respiratory specimens were obtained from 448 patients (258 male patients and 190 female patients) with rtis and fevers in a virus surveillance system in osaka, japan (9). The mean sd age of the patients was 41.4 53.7 months (range <1404 months), and 351 (78.3%) were <5 ye... |
The term non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) refers to the spectrum of diseases characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver ranging from steatosis, steatohepatitis, or cirrhosis . Hepatic steatosis with or without hepatitis, in the absence of alcohol use, was first described by ludwig et al . And is referr... |
Retinitis pigmentosa (rp) is a hereditary disorder, in which the progressive loss of rod and cone photoreceptor cells occurs . Patients with rp generally experience loss of night vision (nyctalopia) in adolescence, side vision in young adulthood, and central vision (tunnel vision) in later life (14). About 14% of rp ma... |
Three hps cases were confirmed in misiones province, argentina, in the following patients: a 14-year - old boy from santa ana in november 2003, a 28-year - old man from leandro n. alem in december 2003, and a 12-year - old boy living in the dos arroyos locality of alem city . In january 2005, hps was confirmed in a 19-... |
The presence of butterfly rash is typically a sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), but it can also signal a dermatologic disorder . Typically, butterfly rash appears in a malar distribution across the nose and cheeks . The case report presented here is of a 40 year old female with bright red discoloration of the... |
Cancer cachexia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in cancer patients . By international consensus, cancer cachexia is proposed to be a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass with or without loss of fat mass that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional ... |
A descriptive, cross - sectional design was aimed to evaluate the awareness and self - medication practices among female students in higher educational institutions using convenient sampling method for the ease of accessibility and proximity to the researchers . The study was conducted in four higher educational instit... |
Consumption of fish from fresh and marine bodies of waters poses an interesting paradox . On one hand, there is increasing and rather convincing observational and experimental data underscoring the beneficial effects of marine fish consumption on fetal growth and gestation [1 - 3]. On the other hand, consumption of env... |
Molecular profiling (mp) encompasses the testing of multiple biomarkers to evaluate the underlying genetic alterations present in a tumor at any one point in time [13]. To date molecular profiles may consist of multiple gene mutational analyses, gene copy number changes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), gen... |
Exacerbations of copd are associated with accelerated loss of lung function, poor quality of life, and mortality.1,2 these events can be predicted by numerous clinical factors, including prior exacerbations, airflow obstruction, symptom burden, gastroesophageal reflux, and leukocytosis.3 it is important to detect copd ... |
It is an infectious disease caused by the parasite plasmodia (p.) transmitted by the female anopheles . Four identified species of this parasite exist, which cause different types of human malaria . Although all the four species of malaria parasites can infect humans and cause illness, only p. falciparum is known to be... |
Multiple myeloma (mm) is one of the most common hematological malignancies, the majority of which remain incurable . The common presenting symptoms of mm, such as bone pain, asthenia, fatigue, weight loss, and dyspnea, are nonspecific, which may contribute to the significant delay in the diagnosis in almost half of mm ... |
An increased incidence of hashimoto thyroiditis has been reported in patients with turner syndrome . In view of its pathogenic relationship with autoimmune thyroiditis we report the case of a 9-yr - old girl with turner syndrome who developed graves disease during recombinant human gh therapy, and we discuss previous r... |
The laboratory mouse has emerged as the major mammalian model for studying human genetic and multi - factorial diseases . Numerous mouse mutants have been produced and, more recently, technological improvements have allowed mouse mutants for virtually any gene to be produced by gene - specific approaches (knock - outs,... |
A 28-year - old healthy male was seen in our clinic complaining of vision loss in his right eye (od). Best - corrected visual acuity (bcva) was od: 20/200 and left eye (os): 20/20 . Mild vascular abnormalities were detected in the temporal aspect of right optic nerve, but no conclusive information was obtained . Oct us... |
When patients present with acute occlusion of either the internal carotid artery (ica) or the proximal middle cerebral artery (mca) within the therapeutic time window for restoration of cerebral blood flow, rapid recanalization using intravenous / intra - arterial (ia) thrombolysis and ia mechanical embolectomy is the ... |
Six species of echinococcus have been recognized, but four of them are of public health concern (1). The greatest prevalence of hydatidosis in human and animal hosts is found in sheep - raising countries, including north america and south america, the entire australia, new zealand, europe, central asia, china, and part... |
Since the 1970s, incidence rate and mortality for cancer have been rising in china . Cancer has become the first killer of human in the 21st century . Based on the data of china national cancer center, the crude morbidity rate of cancers in 2012 has reached 264.85/100,000 and the crude mortality rate of cancers has rea... |
West nile encephalitis is a mosquito - borne disease endemic to africa, asia, australia, and europe and the west nile virus is a single - stranded rna virus which belongs to the japanese encephalitis serogroup of flaviviruses (1). It could be accompanied with various neurologic symptoms and signs including headache, me... |
Migraine is a common neurological illness worldwide leading to significant effects on morbidity, productivity and quality of life . The anticonvulsant topiramate is known in the western setting to be effective in migraine prevention [24]. These previous studies, of which asians form the minority, have employed dosages ... |
Snoring is not a benign symptom . It is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality . Snoring is defined as a sound produced when an individual breaths during sleep due to the turbulence of air passing through the partially obstructed airway . It is considered as one of the mos... |
It is the most common bacterial cause of foodborne disease in the usa, causing an estimated 1 million illnesses and 400 deaths annually . In the past, the path from farm to table was shorter and food distribution was more localized . As a result, when foodborne disease outbreaks occurred they were typically local outbr... |
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1 dm) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood and results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic -cells, leading to insulin deficiency . T1 dm is thought to originate through a combination of genetic and unknown environmental factors, of which environmental factors remain p... |
Gallbladder cancers (gbcs) are highly aggressive cancers with the highest mortality rate among gastrointestinal cancers . The highest prevalence rates of gbc have been observed in american indian, chilean, and japanese women [1, 2]. Early diagnosis of gbc is generally impossible due to a lack of specific signs or sympt... |
It is generally accepted that papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescent population has a different clinical presentation and course than in adults . Initial diagnostic presentation in pediatric patients tends to be in more advanced stage, namely, the larger primary tumor, the higher incidence of primary tu... |
Much research relating to the control of air conditioning systems for living environments and office spaces has been performed but that on outdoor spaces is incomplete . It has been shown that, in addition to physical and physiological environmental factors, psychological environmental stimuli are also important for th... |
Two - component systems, which are found in large numbers within bacteria, offer a rich setting for exploring the evolution of cell signaling (wuichet et al, 2010). These systems are composed of a sensor kinase (sk) that receives input signals and controls the phosphorylation state of a partner response regulator (rr).... |
Dietary sugar intake, in the form of sucrose or high - fructose corn syrup (hfcs), has dramatically increased and correlates with a rise in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes . Because a broad range of physiological, behavioural, and neurological variables influences food choices and eating behaviour, it is diff... |
Dengue virus (denv) causes most of the world s mosquito - borne viral infections, and is the etiologic agent of dengue fever (df), dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), and dengue shock syndrome (dss). One of the first lines of host immunity against denv is the type i interferon (ifn - i or ifn/) response, which inhibits vir... |
Conduct disorder (cd) and oppositional defiant disorder (odd) in children each predict adverse long - term outcomes in both mental and physical health domains (burke et al ., 2010; fergusson et al ., 2005; odgers et al ., 2008). Therefore, it is of great importance to determine if variations in brain structure exist ea... |
Reversal or shrinkage of early ischemic injury demonstrated by diffusion - weighted mri (dwi) is clinically uncommon, even after early thrombolytic reperfusion therapy [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. The dwi - defined early ischemic injury physiologically represents an irreversible ischemic core and a potentially reversible surroundi... |
According to the statistical analysis of the international society of heart and lung transplantation, survival after lung transplantation systematically improves . 88% of recipients survive three months after operation, 79% survive for one year, and about 50 - 60% of recipients survive five years after transplantation ... |
Traumatic brain injury (tbi) affects about 1.7 million americans annually (cdc, 2010), with ~80% of the cases categorized as mild (mtbi) (faul et al ., 2010). Computerized tomography (ct) and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (mri) often appear normal without anatomical lesions in mtbi (hughes et al ., 2004; baza... |
In the last 20 years, medical informatics has attracted increasing attention and its popularity and has grown considerably (1). This growth has facilitated biomedical research, which has the aim of developing knowledge and using it in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases (2). The result of such growth i... |
A 47-year - old lady presented to us for evaluation of persistent hydroureteronephrosis on imaging . 3 months earlier, she had been treated at another center for a 3 month history of right colicky flank pain associated with malaise and fever, without any lower urinary tract symptoms . Investigations at that time showed... |
Neuroendocrine tumors (nets) comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are frequently metastatic at the time of diagnosis, and distance of metastatic disease is, next to grading, one of the most important prognostic factors (1)(3). The availability of modern imaging methods for diagnosis and staging of nets has ... |
Members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are gram - negative bacteria of the -proteobacteria subdivision and include plant, animal, and human pathogens, with a widespread distribution in natural and man - made inhabitats . These bacteria exhibit an extraordinary metabolic versatility, allowing their adaptation... |
A 36-year - old man presented with sudden severe occipital headache, and neck stiffness in may 1999 . After several weeks, the headache subsided, however, blurred vision subsequently developed . T1-weighted (665/14/2 [repetition time / echo time / excitation]) and t2-weighted (4200/99/2) mr images showed a large cystic... |
A 22-year - old female reported with complaints of multiple missing teeth in upper and lower anterior region . On examination, patients skin was dry and soft on face and increased thickness of nails; palm and sole were normal . The patient had 18, 15, 12, 22, 27, 28, 38, 45, and 48 missing teeth with generalized microd... |
Seasonal influenza is a known cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer and transplant patients . During influenza season, 20 to 30% of stem cell transplant sct recipients with respiratory symptoms can test positive for influenza with a mortality rate of up to 28% . Non - transplant cancer patients can also have a ... |
Hepatitis c virus (hcv) infects 175,000,000 people worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality (1, 2). In the united states, recent advances in the development of interferon sparing, direct - acting antiviral agents (daa) suggest that most treated patients can be cured, but given the limited access and hi... |
Glucagon - like peptide 1 (glp-1) is an incretin secreted from the l cells of the gastrointestinal tract in response to nutrient ingestion . In healthy control subjects, its physiologic effects control glucose levels by stimulating glucose - dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, and delaying gastr... |
Peptidomimetics have found wide application as bioavailable, biostable, and potent mimetics of naturally occurring biologically active peptides . L - arginine has guanidinium group, which is positively charged at neutral ph and is involved in many important physiological and pathophysiological processes . It has a very... |
The lingual tonsils develop at 6.5 weeks between the second and third arches ventrally while palatine tonsils develop at 8 weeks from second pouch (ventral and dorsal). Tonsils are predominantly b - organs and b - lymphocytes comprise 5060% of tonsillar lymphocytes . Ample evidence shows that tonsils are involved in in... |
Pancreas is a doubled - entity organ, with both an exocrine and an endocrine component, reciprocally interacting and closely cooperating for the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of oral nutrients . Thanks to its lobulated tubulo - alveolar - acinar structure, endocrine islet cells secrete their hormones in the ins... |
Seminal vesicle cysts are rarely diagnosed, but symptomatic congenital seminal vesicle cysts are reported in the literature describing zinner syndrome . We present the case of a 26-year - old patient admitted to the urology department because of abdominal pain . A left seminal vesicle cyst and left kidney agenesis were... |
Approximately 225,000 primary total hip arthroplasties (thas) are performed in the united states per year, and projections indicate that more than 4 million thas will be performed annually by 2030.1 neurologic injury after tha is reported to occur in 0.09 to 3.7% of primary thas and 0 to 7.4% of revision thas.2 noted c... |
Population ageing is a global phenomenon . In the mid-21st century, the number of older persons was 202 million which consisted of 8% in the whole population, but it reached about 841 million which is 4 times higher than that in 1950 . Fukuoka et al . (2016) predicted that the number of the older persons will triple by... |
Tuberculosis remains the most important infectious disease globally, and mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought to be present in one - third of the world's population with 810 million new cases of active tuberculosis occurring annually worldwide . In 2013, an estimated 9.0 million people developed tuberculosis, and 1.5 ... |
The opioid receptors (,,, and the opioid - like receptor orl-1) belong to the super family of g - protein coupled receptors (gpcrs) that possess seven helical trans - membrane spanning domains in their architecture . The majority of research efforts focused upon this group of proteins has been directed toward the recep... |
Various strategies have been widely investigated to enhance the bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs in order to increase their clinical efficacy when administered orally . It is estimated that between 40% and 70% of all new chemical entities identified in drug discovery programs are insufficiently soluble in aqueo... |
Pre - implantological sinus floor augmentation serves to restore bony mass in the maxilla of partially or totally edentulous patients . Although the complication rate is low, there are intraoperative risks, such as sinus membrane perforation and bleeding, and postoperative risks of wound infection and sinusitis, graft ... |
Accumulation of smooth muscle cells (smcs) in the tunica intima plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions, including atherosclerosis and restenosis following angioplasty or stenting procedures (1, 2). In the classical pathogenetic hypothesis of atherosclerosis, following injury growth factors and pro... |
Subjects in the present study are part of a longitudinal study of the etiology of type 2 diabetes among the gila river indian community in arizona, where most of the residents are pima indians or of the closely related tohono o'odham tribe . Diabetes status was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test according to ... |
Middle ear cholesteatoma is defined pathologically as the abnormal existence of keratinized squamous epithelium in the middle ear cavity, leading to bone destruction of middle ear structures and their surroundings, and is characterized by unusual hyperkeratosis and hyperproliferation . Epithelial homeostasis in normal ... |
We report a case of a 43-year - old male who sustained an electrical shock injury following which he fell from a height of around 4 feet . Laboratory investigations revealed the patient had extremely low levels of vitamin d (11.1ng / ml). We report this case as a rare etiological combination of hypovitaminosis d and el... |
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease that causes distress and morbidity, affecting approximately 2% of the population with an emotional, social, and physical impact.1,2 nail involvement has long been recognized as a common manifestation of psoriasis, occurring in up to 50% of patients, with an estimated lifetime inciden... |
These studies were approved by institutional review boards at the national institutes of health (nih) and washington university . A 28-year - old woman with job syndrome pathologic examination of a bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) sample showed scattered cells, primarily columnar bronchial cells, with cytomorphologic chang... |
Tennis elbow (te)also called lateral epicondylitis, epicondylosis, epicondylalgia or tendinopathy is a common disorder of the elbow with a prevalence of 13% in the general population and 7% in manual workers [8, 28]. Previous studies have suggested a prevalence of 3550% among tennis players [8, 28]. However, a recent p... |
Recent clinical research has provided evidence demonstrating that low - dose intravenous infusions of ketamine, a drug originally developed as an anaesthetic, can improve depressive symptoms within hours in subjects with treatment - resistant depression . Interestingly, the effects have been shown to last from a couple... |
Guillian barre syndrome (gbs) is associated in 45 - 75% of cases with cranial nerve involvement . Facial nerve is the commonest to be involved followed by extra ocular muscles and lower cranial nerve involvement . Only two cases has been reported till date with gbs with total paresis of motor cranial nerves . Here a th... |
Third molar impaction is the most commonly observed tooth impaction in modern communities, as the third molars are the last teeth to erupt . Third molars have been reported to account for 18 - 32% of impactions . While most studies have reported no gender differences in caucasians, the purpose of this study was to inve... |
Hyperparathyroidism (hpt) occurs when there is an abnormal increase in parathyroid hormone (pth) production by the parathyroid gland [13]. Primary hpt (phpt) is caused by parathyroid adenomas in 85% of cases, leading to hyperplasia and over - secretion of pth . In most individuals in western society, it is diagnosed at... |
However a permanent type 1 diabetes - like status can be experimentally induced either by total pancreatectomy or by chemical destruction of pancreatic -cells with streptozotocin (stz) [1, 2]. Both experimental approaches allow for the establishment of chronic hyperglycemia and low endogenous insulin production in nhps... |
Hemodynamic monitoring and maintaining the heartbeat and blood pressure of patients undergoing spinal surgery is of prime importance . It leads to better control of bleeding in the surgical field, particularly in congested, small and limited areas such as spine . Considering the nature of the spinal fusion surgery as a... |
Socio - cultural factors are important in the epidemiology and psychopathology of various psychiatric disorders12 including factitious ones . They have an influence on the pathways to seeking medical help.3 in addition, illness behavior has cultural overtones in arab patients.4 factitious disorders are characterized by... |
Furthermore, the site of lesion could indicate surgical excision to prevent continuous microtraumas [13]. Surgical excision could determine loss of substance due to the dimension of the nevus that could not be easily directly repaired . The foreskin is a good autologous full - thickness skin graft in several conditions... |
The hchs / sol is a multicenter epidemiologic study of us hispanic / latino adults living in 4 specific communities in the united states . Participants were examined at 4 field centers affiliated with san diego state university, northwestern university in chicago, albert einstein college of medicine in the bronx area o... |
Gaucher disease (gd) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism, characterized by the accumulation of glucosylceramide in cells of the reticulo - endothelial system, due to deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme, beta - glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase, ec 3.2.1.45). There are ... |
Inhabit the coasts of south korea the yellowtail kingfish (s. lalandi), yellowtail (s. quinqueradiata), and greater amberjack (s. dumerili) (kim et al ., 2001). Yellowtail kingfish do not only occur in south korea, however, but also in temperate waters worldwide, including japan and china (nfrdi, 2004). In japan, 3 spe... |
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (cst) was first reported by bright et al . In 18311 . Cst is an infectious disease that is potentially fatal if it is not treated in its early stage . Furthermore, despite treatment, complications of cst such as cranial nerve dysfunction may remain . There are very few reports of cst related ... |
During the last years an increased focus on fatigue symptoms / syndrome among children has been observed, together with an increase in referrals to our hospital . Children with fatigue whether these illnesses are increasing in number or just an increase in referrals to the specialist, in part based on greater interest ... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, and scarring of the central nervous system . Symptoms include weakness, fatigue, sensory loss, vertigo, lack of coordination, impotence or sexual dysfunction, urinary incontinence, optic atrophy, dysarthria, and... |
Insulin detemir has now become established as an effective basal insulin preparation and is widely used in the management of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes . Although it is similar in efficacy to isophane insulin, we have observed a relative lack of efficacy in two patients with significant hypertriglyceridemia and es... |
Patients with coronary artery disease (cad) and diabetes have higher mortality and morbidity than patients without diabetes . Data from studies such as the uk prospective diabetes study suggest that very good glycemic control is associated with fewer cardiovascular events . Hypoglycemia is a very common side effect of ... |
The extracellular matrix (ecm) is a protein rich entity which supports tissue structure, cell adhesion, cell - cell communication and differentiation 1 . Numerous studies have found that ecm proteins are aberrantly expressed in carcinomas and actively participate in tumor progression . In particular, fibronectin is rec... |
It is caused by fungi, which may be found in decaying food, in the soil, or other organic matter, such as animal excreta . Immunocompromised patients are especially susceptible, and timely diagnosis as well as intervention are of utmost importance for successful management . Because of atypical initial symptoms, such a... |
Drug discovery is a complex and expensive endeavor that usually requires seven major steps: disease selection, target hypothesis, lead compound identification (screening), lead optimization, pre - clinical trial, clinical trial and pharmacogenomic optimization . Among the various techniques used to facilitate the drug ... |
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