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One hundred fifteen eyes from 90 patients with exudative amd were imaged and enrolled at the bascom palmer eye institute in a prospective oct imaging study from october 2015 to april 2016 . The institutional review board of the university of miami miller school of medicine approved the study, and an informed consent wa...
A 57-year - old caucasian male was admitted with suspected acute coronary syndrome, primarily because of pronounced st segment elevations in the precordial ekg leads (figure 1). The day before admission he experienced two episodes of chest pain while walking . The pain was dull, at a maximum intensity 5/10 on the visua...
Inositol phosphates are important intracellular messengers that play a vital role in many cellular functions including cell growth, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and endocytosis . To facilitate biochemical investigations, it is vital that efficient routes to these naturally occurring inositol phosphates are es...
Contamination of foods by mycotoxins is an important food safety concern for grains and other agricultural products . Food contaminated with mycotoxins, particularly with aflatoxins, can cause sometimes fatal acute illness, and are associated with increased cancer risk (1). Every year a significant percentage of the wo...
Targeted therapy has been proven to be one of the most successful treatment modalities in many cancers . However, some endocrine disorders have been associated with treatment with targeted agents, including hypothyroidism (sunitinib and pazopanib), hypoglycemia (sunitinib), and hyperglycemia (everolimus). Recently, tyr...
Inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), which includes ulcerative colitis (uc) and crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic disease described by the improper immune response which causes inflammatory lesions in the gastrointestinal tract . However, environmental, immune, and genetic factors have all been involved in its occurrence ...
A total of 422 patients were recruited between 1998 and 2010; 168 were recruited at the london centre of pediatric endocrinology, based at great ormond street hospital for children and university college london (ucl) hospitals in london; the remainder were referred from national (n = 157) and international (n = 97) cen...
An explosive fatal epizootic in poultry, prairie chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese occurred over much of the populated united states between november 15 and december 15, 1872 . The epizootic progressed in temporalgeographic association with a wellreported panzootic of equine influenza, which had begun in or around ma...
The dutch population - based dcis cohort consists of 10468 female patients diagnosed with dcis as their first neoplasia before the age of 75 years between 1989 and 2004 . The ncr has a coverage of at least 96% of invasive malignant neoplasms and selected noninvasive cancers, including dcis, occurring in the netherlands...
Traditional laboratory - based cancer research involves expensive trial and error experimental strategies applied to humans, animals, and their harvested tissues . In silico experimentation, the coupling of current computing technologies with mathematical or theoretical characterizations of cancer cell biology, provide...
Soluble amyloid oligomers are now thought to be the main toxic species that cause neurodegeneration in alzheimer s and other amyloid diseases . Small assemblies made up of dimers, trimers, and tetramers of the -amyloid peptide (a), as well as larger assemblies such as dodecamers, have been shown to disrupt synaptic act...
Small - incision lenticule extraction (smile) was carried out using the visumax femtosecond laser (carl zeiss meditec ag, jena, germany), a femtosecond laser - based corneal refractive surgical procedure for myopia and myopic astigmatic correction.1,2 during the smile technique, after application of the topical anesthe...
Styloid process is derived from the greek word stylos means a pillar, which is normally a cylindrical structure arising from the temporal bone anterior to stylomastoid foramen . The apex of the styloid process is clinically important as it is located between internal and external carotid arteries . The tip of the stylo...
The epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is characterized by its unique geographic distribution . Decades of epidemiological studies have shown that npc has unique prevalence features, including regional, racial and familial aggregation . According to the global registry of cancer incidence, npc ranked 11th a...
Arrhythmic disorders are responsible for 2,000 - 3,000 deaths out of 55,000 - 60,000 cardiovascular disorder related death per year during last decade in korea . One of the arrhythmic disorders, long qt syndrome (lqts), is an inherited disorder characterized by the prolongation of the qt interval in the electrocardiogr...
The health care sector includes a diverse range of health care facilities, which have a size assortment from large general and specialist hospitals to small municipal dispensaries and d - type centers . All these facilities are an integral part of our society with an endeavor to reduce health problems and to eliminate ...
The dermoscopic clues to the diagnosis of mucosal melanomas have been reported to be structureless zones with the presence of blue, gray, or white colors . A female in her seventies noted a new lesion on the inside of her right labia that first appeared two months prior . Her past medical history was significant for rh...
The number of dialysis patients with end - stage renal failure increases by more than 4% per year in sweden, with a current prevalence of 900 dialysis patients per million inhabitants . These patients are always concerned about the function of their vascular access because their quality of life depends on it . Pta has ...
Globally, stroke is the third major cause of mortality and a major health issue in low- and middle - income countries like india . Eighty percent of stroke survivors experience motor impairments (hemiparesis) typically affecting movement of the face, arm, trunk, and leg of one side of the body often persistent and disa...
As the primary fuel for abiding sports, carbohydrate intake before, during, and after exercise, has a positive effect on endurance performance [16]. Apart from being an energy substrate, the sight, smell, and taste of food may act as positive reinforcements . By generating promises for food intake, these senses play a ...
Scorpion envenomation (se) is a public health problem especially in tropical and subtropical countries . The majority of cases are admitted with pain localised to the site of the sting, and then follow a benign clinical course (dittrich et al ., 2002). However, severe envenoming may present cardiac and respiratory dysf...
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (acdf) is a common surgical procedure used in the treatment of many cervical spine disorders; herniated discs, spondylosis, fractures, and neoplastic lesions15). Since initially reported in 1955 by robinson and smith19), acdf has become an accepted procedure for decompression of ...
This study was performed at the olympic village polyclinic during the 2002 winter olympiad in salt lake city, utah, usa, during february and march 2002 . Athletes and nonathletes with upper / lower respiratory symptoms (with or without febrile / systemic illness) were screened for influenza by various modalities . Vira...
Mitochondria play a fundamental role in cells, serving as the powerhouses that produce atp through the process of oxidative phosphorylation . In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in the response to several cellular stresses, such as cell death signaling and antiviral immunity [13]., leaka...
Endometrial cancer (ec) is the most common gynecologic malignancy, frequently presenting in early stages . For women with localized disease at diagnosis, 5-year survival rates exceed 90% (siegel et al ., 2014). For those with distant disease at diagnosis, while early disease is often cured by primary surgery, adjuvant ...
Multiple antibiotic - resistant strains of this microorganism have been implicated in nosocomial infections occurring in intensive care units (icus) worldwide . Acinetobacter spp may lead to various types of infections include pneumonia, urinary tract infection, endocarditis, surgical site infection, meningitis, milita...
Surgical site infection (ssi) is a commonly reported source of postsurgical morbidity . In breast surgery, three separate reviews of the national surgical quality improvement program (nsqip) database demonstrated ssi rates of 1.4%3.2% [13]. Despite the relatively low ssi rates in registry data, other studies have repor...
The hallmark characteristic of keratoconus (kc) is the development of localized, cone - shaped ectasia accompanied by corneal thinning in the area of the cone . This leads to irregular astigmatism and steeper corneal curvature over the area of the cone . The early detection of these changes is usually based on placido ...
Desmoid tumors (dts), also known as aggressive fibromatoses, are characterized as rare, slow - growing tumors . Although strictly benign, they are locally invasive with a high rate of recurrence even after seemingly total resection.1 dts typically develop sporadically, often in the abdomen, hip / buttocks area, and sho...
Alzheimer s disease (ad) is the most common form of dementia and the sixth - leading cause of death in the u. s., affecting 5 million people in the u. s., with a care cost of $200 billion in 2012 . Analysis of familial early onset ad patients identified the association of three disease genes, including amyloid (a) prec...
This neurological disease is associated with physical, cognitive, perceptual, and sensory dysfunctions2 . Therefore, the evaluation system should test cognitive impairment, which is an invisible risk factor for unsafe driving4 . The on - road test is considered the gold - standard of testing driving function5 . It is, ...
The spread of cancer to secondary sites (metastasis) is the main cause of morbidity for patients with solid tumors . Understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin tumor metastasis is therefore an important goal in cancer biology . Over a century ago, stephen paget proposed a seed and soil theory ...
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (fh) is an autosomal co - dominant monogenic disorder of lipoprotein metabolism . It is characterised by severely elevated levels of low - density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl - c) from birth onwards, clinically leading to premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (cvd). The es...
Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (psh) is a relatively rare benign tumor, which was first described by liebow and hubbell in 1956 . Most patients are asymptomatic, with less than one - third experiencing hemoptysis, coughs, or chest pain . Most cases of psh appear on computed tomography (ct) scans of the chest as a soli...
Colon cancer frequency has continued to increase in japan in recent years, becoming the third highest cause of cancer death in males and number one in females in 2014 . Every year, there are over 40,000 deaths due to colon cancer, and reducing mortality rates has become a major goal.1,2 excision of colon polyps using c...
Retail meats were obtained from 2 randomly selected census divisions per week from various retailers across canada as part of the active retail surveillance component of the canadian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance (cipars) (5). We tested random packages of ground beef as well as veal chops...
Briefly, kidney cortices from mice were dissected, sliced, minced and digested in 0.25% trypsin solution (life technologies brl, grand island, ny) in a shaking incubator at 37 c for 1 h. trypsin was neutralized with growth medium (dmem and 10% fbs containing 100 u / ml penicillin and 0.1 mg / ml streptomycin). The susp...
In cellular compartments, the presence of high concentrations of bystander macromolecules (or crowders) may significantly affect protein folding and binding free energies . Earlier modeling of crowding effects focused on hard - core repulsion between the test protein and the crowders . Recent experimental studies have ...
Fungal infections have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality in recent years, especially in immunocompromised patients . They usually occur as laboratory contaminants of sterile solutions and clinical specimens . In immunocompromised individuals, five species in the genus paecilomyces which cause infecti...
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (lsa) is a rare chronic inflammatory dermatosis with anogenital and extragenital involvement . Extragenital lichen sclerosus is most common on the neck, shoulders, and upper portion of the trunk . It is generally asymptomatic or is occasionally pruritic and presents as flat, white, polygo...
Low vision is a term generally used for long - lasting vision loss uncorrectable by medications, surgery or glasses . Low vision assistive device technology has progressed over the years to provide a variety of visual aids . Low vision assistive devices such as telescopic and microscopic lenses, hand and stand magnifie...
A 91-year - old female patient with a chief complaint of a mild febrile sensation and general weakness that lasted for two days was admitted to the emergency room at another hospital . The patient had hypertension controlled by the beta blocker bevantolol, and dementia controlled by donepezil and risperidone . She was ...
Systemic lupus erythematous (sle) is an autoimmune disease in which organs and cells undergo damage initially mediated by tissue - binding auto antibodies and immune complexes . Primary adrenal insufficiency (addison's disease) is most commonly caused by autoimmune processes either as isolated autoimmune adrenalitis or...
Pulmonary hypertension (ph) is a hemodynamic and pathophysiological condition defined as an increase of mean pulmonary pressure more than or equal to 25 mmhg at rest (1, 2). Ph in children is mostly often related to the occurrence of heart disease and lung diseases (secondary), while it rarely occurs as a primary disor...
To report the clinical and diagnostic findings of a patient with acanthamoeba keratitis resistant to both polyhexamethylene biguanide (phmb)-hexamidine and chlorhexidine - hexamidine treatment . Slit - lamp biomicroscopy, corneal cell scraping and histopathology were performed on a 39-year - old woman presenting with c...
Miller fisher syndrome (mfs) is characterized by the acute onset of external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia of cerebellar type, and the loss of tendon reflexes . It is considered a variant of guillain - barr syndrome (gbs), because some patients who present with mfs progress to gbs . In contrast, patients who show drowsiness,...
Coronary - pulmonary artery fistulas are rare and usually arise from the left anterior descending or the right coronary artery . They are mostly asymptomatic, but the clinical presentation could include dyspnea, angina, endocarditis, arrhythmias, heart failure, myocardial ischemia, or myocardial infarction.1) we report...
During the past few years, partially stabilized zirconia has been integrated into restorative dentistry.1 yttrium - oxide partially stabilized zirconia (y - tzp) has mechanical properties that are attractive for restorative dentistry; namely, its chemical and dimensional stability, high mechanical strength, and fractur...
There is no debate that asa reduces mortality in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (cvd), but an important question is why some patients do not benefit from asa therapy . It was suggested that diabetic patients not treated with aspirin therapy display increased platelet reactivity, and that aspirin treatme...
Southeast asia is one of the hot spots of the diabetes pandemic and bears more than its fair burden of the disease . Belonging to the western pacific region of the international diabetes federation, the zone reports a diabetes prevalence of 9.3% and a large number of deaths, most of which occur in individuals below the...
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a common chronic inflammatory disease associated with progressive joint destruction, pain, fatigue and disability . Current treatments target the inflammatory response using disease - modifying anti - rheumatic drugs (dmards) and biological agents, in combination or as monotherapy . Five cl...
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and cause of cancer - related deaths worldwide 1, 2 because of its extremely poor prognosis . Approximately 82.6 (male) and 30.1 (female) per 100,000 people die each year due to lung cancer in japan 3 . Lung cancer treatment regimens are determined by the histological type ...
The first patient was a 41-year - old woman from rankin inlet, nunavut, canada, who noticed floaters (objects in the field of vision that originate in the vitreous) in her right eye in august 2006 . Her visual acuity was 20/400; funduscopic examination showed an intraocular larva (figure 1). A pars plana vitrectomy and...
Members of the family bromeliaceae can be epiphytic, terrestrial or saxicolous . The taxon is essentially neotropical, with more than 3,100 described species distributed in 58 genera . In brazil, where 40% of these species are found, the highest diversity is in the atlantic forest (givnish et al . 2011). Bromeliads use...
Hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and about 3% of the global population is estimated to have chronic hcv infection . Chronic hcv infection can progress to liver cirrhosis in about 15 - 56% over periods of 20 - 25 years . Annual incidence of hepatic decompensation is ...
In recent years, there has been much interest focused on the influence of nanotopography on cells because this surface feature is in the range of their sensing apparatus . A variety of nanotopographies have now been shown to provide cues that affect gene expression and influence cell destiny and activity.1 this remarka...
Partners healthcare human research committee approved the protocol and waived the requirement for written informed consent . Hospitalized patients with one or more blood glucose values 50 mg / dl on point - of - care blood glucose testing were included in this study . The exact date and time of hypoglycemia detailed de...
The open angle glaucomas are chronic and progressive optic neuropathies, which have in common characteristic morphological changes at the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer in the absence of other ocular disease or congenital anomalies . Progressive retinal ganglion cell death and visual field loss are asso...
The 3-end single - stranded overhang of human telomeric dna is currently considered an interesting target in new anticancer therapy strategies . This is due to its ability to form, in the presence of stabilizing agents, such as monovalent cations, non - canonical g - quadruplex folds (scheme 1a), which in their turn, c...
The genetics of coronary artery disease in alaska natives (gocadan) study population includes eskimos residing in the norton sound region of alaska . Of this population, 1,214 family members, aged 18 years, were recruited (october 2000april 2004) (7). . Sitting blood pressure was measured, and the mean of the second an...
Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal of the common human malignancies and the fourth and fifth leading cause of cancer - related death in the united states and japan, respectively [1, 2]. Since the majority of cases of are diagnosed at the advanced or metastatic stages of disease, less than 20% of patients are eligible...
Dementia describes a global constellation of symptoms: memory, cognition, and communication problems . It commonly affects older people (most often age 60 and up), but it is not a normal part of aging . Dementia occurs when brain cells, or neurons, are damaged and no longer network properly . The most common form of de...
Vascular malformations (vm) are a general term used to describe a group of lesions formed by an anomaly of the capillary, venous, lymphatic, and arterial system . These are structural anomalies of blood vessels without endothelial proliferation which presents at birth, commonly manifest in childhood or adolescence and ...
Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and it is the fourth major cause of mortality worldwide (1). The world health organization (who) estimates that the number of people with diabetes in range of 45 - 64 years old will be more than 140 million in developing countries and more than 30 million in...
A total of 100 dentate dental students of which 50 males and 50 females aged between 20 and 25 years were randomly selected as representative of the young adult group . The selected students had no restorations in the anterior teeth and had not received orthodontic treatment . The clinical research study was conducted ...
The incidence of canine impaction varies across populations and has been reported to a range between 2% and 3% in the maxilla . Traditionally, orthodontists relied on clinical examination and radiographs to locate impacted teeth and decide on a treatment plan . With the availability of three - dimensional (3d) imaging ...
Diagnosis related groups (drgs) are one of the most striking prospective payment systems around the world in recent years (12). As a classification system that groups patients according to (a) principal diagnosis, (b) type of treatment, (c) age, (d) surgery, and (e) discharge status (3), prospective payment system have...
Data are drawn from the whitehall ii cohort study, established in 19851988 on 10,308 individuals (67% men), aged 3555 years . Individuals gave written consent to participate in the study, and the university college london ethics committee approved the study . Since inception, sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometri...
Homologous recombination is an ubiquitous process important for dna repair, generation of genetic diversity, and the proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis . The reciprocal exchange of dna strands promoted by dna strand exchange proteins is a central step in homologous recombination (1). Although dna strand e...
Friedreich ataxia (fa), first described in 1863, is the most common of early - onset hereditary ataxias . This rare autosomal recessive genetic disease is characterized clinically by progressive limb and gait ataxia, dysarthria, areflexia in the lower limbs, sensory loss, muscle weakness and extensor plantar responses ...
Lithium is still considered a first - line therapy for both the acute and long - term treatment of bipolar disorder (bd),1 due to its well - documented antimanic,2 antisuicidal,35 and prophylactic properties6,7 and the adjunctive treatment of major depression.8 although all potential mechanisms underlying lithium mood ...
Pulpotomy, or the surgical amputation of affected coronal pulp, is generally preferred among various endodontic therapies on primary teeth due to its easy application and its rate of success.1,2 individual factors such as age, stage of root formation, whether the tooth is to be functional or not, and periodontal condit...
The chief cause of cardiovascular disease is the formation of atherosclerotic plaque possibly due to the sustained elevation of blood cholesterol and subsequent inflammatory response in vascular region [1, 2]. Statins such as pravastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin are widely used in the clinic for the lowering of blo...
Poisoning from medications can happen for a variety of reasons, including intentional overdose, inadvertently taking an extra dose, dispensing or measuring errors, and exposure through breast milk . Iron poisoning is more commonly seen in children than in adults.1 iron poisoning is primarily a clinical diagnosis . A co...
Stroke is a neurologic disturbance caused by damage to the cerebral blood vessels and one of the most common diseases in the adults1 . Many stroke patients have a number of serious disorders such as hemiplegia, motor disturbance, sensory disability, language impairment, communication disorders, emotional disorders, and...
In recent years, technological advances and innovative technical refinements of laparoscopic instruments have encouraged surgeons to explore the application of laparoscopic methods for benign and malignant disorders of the stomach . Nonhealing gastric ulcers have been conventionally treated by open wedge resection, lap...
Thanks to dynamic stability, a subject displaces and controls the center of gravity (cog) within the base of support in dynamic functional conditions, performing complex combined movements such as striding forward (forward - lunge, fl), going up and down a step (step - up - over, suo), and standing up from a seated pos...
Uhl's anomaly is characterized by the partial or complete absence of the myocardium of the right ventricle . A review in 1993 found 84 reported cases in the literature, since the beginning of 20 century . An unguarded tricuspid valve is a rare congenital anomaly described in only a few antemortem case reports . Here, w...
The introduction and expansion of pediatric antiretroviral treatment (art) have increased the lifespan of children with perinatal acquired hiv (pah). As more children with pah are reaching adolescence, issues surrounding the disclosure of their hiv - positive status have become an important part of pediatric hiv care ....
The genus chryseobacterium (family flavobacteriaceae, phylum bacteroidetes) is a group of gram - negative, nonfermenting, catalase - positive, oxidase - positive and indole - positive aerobic bacilli . Chryseobacterium strains have been isolated from a variety of environments, including composted diseased fish, soil an...
Although, the mechanical instrumentation is an essential step in the success of root canal therapy, the generation of the smear layer is an inevitable consequence of instrumentation regardless of the type of instruments and techniques used . Mccomb and smith were first to describe the smear layer on the surface of the ...
Early childhood caries (ecc) is a complex disease which involves maxillary primary incisors within a month after eruption and spreads rapidly to involve the other primary teeth, causing serious socio - behavioural and dental problem in infants and toddlers.- despite the major advances in the field of caries prevention ...
Epilepsy is a common disease with a cumulative lifetime risk of at least 3%.1 the majority of patients with epilepsy have partial seizures, accounting for about two - thirds of cases in epidemiologic studies in developed countries.2 the burden of disease is also quite high, involving significant morbidity and mortality...
Specimen collection: ccl specimens were collected from 26 stifle joints of 21 dogs with ruptured ccl (cclr group). Ruptured ccl was diagnosed on physical examination by demonstrating stifle joint instability and confirmed at the time of surgery . Normal ccl specimens were collected from 12 young beagles (9 sexually int...
Arterial dissection occurring at the vertebrobasilar system often presents as subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah), while dissecting aneurysm at the anterior circulation tends to manifest infarction1,2,6,7). Although the exact prevalence has not been reported, spontaneous dissection at the anterior cerebral artery (aca) is in...
Since the groundbreaking study by favaloro was published in 1968, the use of the great saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) has become a standard in the surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease . In poland, the first surgery involving direct cardiac revascularization was conducted by jan moll a...
Lead extraction is associated with serious complications in 1 - 2% of cases . In a recent multicenter prospective study of 1,449 consecutive patients undergoing laser lead extraction, procedure - related major adverse events were seen in 20 patients (1.4%) including 4 deaths (0.28%). Most complications from lead extrac...
Science is a notorious example of what economists call increasing returns to scalegroups of productive people feed off each other to create something that is more than the sum of its parts . The reverse is also true: isolated individuals will have a hard time generating momentum and are less productive . So how can you...
With the popularity of video - assisted thoracic surgery, the requirement for one - lung ventilation (olv) has been increasing . Olv is used to provide a good surgical field and protect normal lungs from hemorrhage or abscess caused by affected lung . However, olv can induce ventilation - perfusion mismatch and pulmona...
Travoprost preserved with antiseptic benzalkonium chloride (bac) (travatan 0.004%, alcon laboratories, inc ., fort worth, tx, usa) or sofzia preservative system (travatan z 0.004%, alcon laboratories, inc .) Have been prescribed for glaucoma patients, but currently only the latter is available in japan . Travoprost wit...
The traditional approach toward treatment of low back pain (lbp) fails many lbp patients1 . The movement - impairment system based on kinesiopathology is an evidence - based method that defines the cause and provides solutions to lbp . Lbp is categorized into five syndromes: lumbar - flexion, lumbar - extension, lumbar...
Mudi - chood is a peculiar dermatosis affecting the nape of the neck and upper back of young women in kerala state, south india, and was first described by sugathan and nair . It was presumed to be due to a nonspecific follicular reaction to the wet oily hair in a hot and humid environment due to the friction between t...
Loco - regional recurrence and/or disease progression is the main pattern of failure as well the most common cause of death in head & neck (h&n) cancer [1, 2, 3]. The incidence of recurrence after radical treatment may be as high as 30 - 50% [4, 5]. However, h&n cancers can be cured even if a close cooperation among a ...
Osteogenesis imperfecta (oi), also known as the brittle bone disease, is a heritable connective tissue disorder, characterized by bone fragility due to low bone mass, with an increased propensity to fractures and bone deformity . It is a rare disorder with an incidence of up to 1/30,000 and a prevalence of 6 to 7/100,0...
Dna double - strand break (dsb) is a type of dna damage in which two complementary strands of the double helix of dna are damaged simultaneously, in locations close to each other . Dsb is the most dangerous type of dna damage, because it is believed that a single unrepaired dsb is sufficient for the induction of cell d...
Pruritus is a prominent symptom of many skin diseases and is also frequently present in hematological malignancies such as hodgkin disease and occasionally in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mycosis fungoides (mf) [1, 2]., pruritus without visible dermatoses may be the first manifestation of such diseases and may prec...