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Being able to time is essential for a range of tasks including driving a car, cooking a meal, or having a conversation (schirmer, 2004; buhusi and meck, 2005). Although we typically learn and complete these tasks with little effort, there are instances in which cars collide, meals overcook, and conversations desynchron... |
Shakespeare is thought to have had a working vocabulary of some 35,000 words, about twice that of an educated person today . A play is therefore an apposite metaphor for the genome, in which the principal interest lies not in the words or letters but in the way it is performed and brought to life on the biological stag... |
Primer and probe design: a total of 19 pathogens were selected as targets based on their virulence and prevalence on cattle . New primer - probe sets were designed for rva, rvb, rvc, btov, mrv, eimeria zuernii and eimeria bovis using the primerquest software (integrated dna technologies, inc ., coralville, ia, u.s.a .)... |
Since its discovery in the middle of the 17th century, elemental phosphorus has fascinated chemists . Even still, novel allotropes of this element continue to be discovered and studied . Among these, white phosphorus (p4) is readily available as the direct product of reduction of phosphate minerals and could be used di... |
Pelizaeus - merzbacher disease (pmd) is a rare, x - linked recessive dysmyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, clinically characterized by nystagmus, spasticity, ataxia, and mental retardation1,2). Pmd is caused by mutations in the gene encoding plp1, a myelin protein that is expressed in oligodendrocytes3... |
Immature teeth that have open and often divergent apices are not suitable for complete cleaning and obturation with traditional techniques and materials . In addition, because of their thin dentinal walls, these teeth are susceptible to subsequent fracture after treatment . Teeth with necrotic pulps and immature apexes... |
Heart disease and thromboembolism are the leading indirect causes of maternal death during pregnancy [1, 2]. Isolated ventricular non - compaction cardiomyopathy (ivnc) is a relatively rare (incidence of approximately 0.05% in adult population), but thought to be underdiagnosed disease, caused by intrauterine arrest of... |
Regenerative endodontic procedures are biologically based procedures which deals with the regeneration of pulp like tissue, more idealistically the pulp - dentin complex, damaged coronal dentin such as that following a carious exposure or trauma; and regenerate resorbed root, cervical or apical dentin . The mechanics b... |
Lead (pb) is a toxic metal that induces a wide range of behavioral, biochemical and physiological effects in humans . Even though blood lead levels continue to decline over the past two decades, specific populations like infants, young children and working class are still at a higher risk . Childhood lead exposure is e... |
Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 012 - 0034-z and is accessible for authorized users. |
Big science may be a controversial issue among biomedical scientists today, but the idea is not new . 40 years ago, nuclear physicist alvin weinberg coined the term big science to describe the large - scale approaches that were needed to develop modern nuclear technologies (1). Weinberg foresaw a similar need in biomed... |
Nowadays, drosophila is one of the most widely used model organism for studying complex genetic and biological problems . Although there are several different drosophila species which differ in habitat, morphology, and genetic background, d. melanogaster is the species with the highest degree of homology with humans . ... |
Over 170 million people, approximately 3% of the world s population, are infected with the hepatitis c virus (hcv). (1) infection with this virus can result in hepatic fibrosis which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma . Liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatic fib... |
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article . The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. |
Cell culture mouse wild - type melanocytes (melan - ink4a) and rab27a - deficient ashen melanocytes (melan - ash2) (20) were maintained in rpmi 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mm l - glutamine, 100 units / ml penicillin, 100 units / ml streptomycin, 200 nm phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and 200 pm chol... |
A clinical nephrology readership needs no convincing of the importance of proteinuria: it has prognostic significance in patients with a wide variety of forms of renal disease and is a potent independent cardiovascular risk factor . In health, this has a tripartite structure comprising podocytes (visceral glomerular ep... |
The term small for gestational age (sga) is sometimes used synonymously with low birth weight, but actually it refers to a low birth weight with respect to gestational age read on references curves and not a low birth weight per se . During the past decades, dozens of epidemiological studies associated with low birth w... |
The patient populations susceptible to clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have now broadened to include pregnant women . In nonpregnant populations, both the incidence and severity of cdi recent large cdi outbreaks in canada and u.s.a . Demonstrated an increase cdi infection rate from a baseline of 26 infections per... |
Sickle cell anemia (sca) is an inherited disease in individuals homozygous for hemoglobin s. previous studies have shown clinical alterations in the oral mucosa and dental mineralized tissues and delayed tooth eruption, a high prevalence of dental caries, poor occlusion, and pulpal necrosis in healthy teeth in patients... |
It is well known that rna secondary structure prediction via energy minimization is limited in accuracy due to efficiency constraints imposed on the models and missing or imprecise thermodynamic data (1). Nonetheless, simulations of rna folding pathways (25) can provide interesting insights into rna folding dynamics an... |
Myiasis is a pathogenic condition found in live humans and animals caused by various species of dipteran larvae (zumpt 1965). Entomologically, flies may be classified in to three myiasis - producing groups: obligatory, facultative, and accidental . Clinically, myiasis can be classified according to the part of the body... |
Multiple studies advocate the use of ergonomic computer workstations that minimize tension in these muscles1 . In recent years, increasing numbers of workers have reported tension and pain in the muscles around their eyes along with headaches resulting from computer work2 . However, few studies have focused on methods ... |
Receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks) control many aspects of cell physiology, including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, migration and differentiation . Many rtks exhibit increased intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity upon binding ligand, thus activating numerous secondary signaling intermediates and pathways, such ... |
During fetal development, the testes develop in the abdomen and later descend into the scrotal sac in the third trimester, usually between weeks 28 to 32 . During the descent, it may be arrested anywhere along its tract (cryptorchidism) or may migrate into an abnormal position (ectopic testis). The most common sites of... |
The organization of tissues into intricate systems is an essential element of life for multicellular organisms . One of the critical mediators of this organization is the gap junction, which permits direct intercellular communication between neighboring cells . Within the vertebrate central nervous system astrocytes, o... |
Computationally predicting a protein s three - dimensional structure from its amino acid sequence is one of the great challenges in biochemistry . This task is especially challenging if no proteins of known structure with sequence or structural homology exist a field known as de novo or ab initio protein structure pred... |
Over the past 50 years, the survival and quality of life of patients with cardiac disease has improved tremendously . Despite continued progress in technology and drug therapy the majority of our patients suffer from structural heart diseases, such as atherosclerosis and primary myocardial disease, that often progress ... |
A ureteropelvic junction (upj) obstruction can be thought of as a restriction to flow of urine, from the renal pelvis to the ureter, which, if left uncorrected, leads to progressive renal deterioration . Upj obstruction occurs in all paediatric age groups, but there tends to be a clustering in the neonatal period becau... |
Thirteen species of gnathostoma have been reported to date, of which 5 species such as gnathostoma spinigerum, g. nipponicum, g. hispidum, g. doloresi, and g. binucleatum infect humans . Humans become incidental hosts by ingesting raw fish or meat infected by the third - stage larvae and the larvae migrate through the ... |
Major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and class ii are cell surface molecules that play an important role in intercellular recognition and self / nonself discrimination and trigger humoral and cell - mediated immune responses . Mhc class ii molecules are heterodimeric glycoproteins and are composed of two nonc... |
Oligomenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity together with enlarged polycystic ovary (pco) were the diagnostic criteria of pcos . It is now accepted that this problem is arising from persistent anovulation with a spectrum of etiologies and clinical manifestations . It is a complex clinical presentation and is traditionally th... |
Amino acids act as nutrient signals to induce cell growth in addition to their role as protein building blocks . Cells can sense the availability of extracellular and intracellular amino acids and initiate multiple biochemical processes to synthesize new cellular components . Starvation and low energy status initiate a... |
An adrenocortical adenoma is a benign neoplasm which is derived from cells of the adrenal cortex and may be functionally active or nonfunctional . The discrimination of adrenocortical adenoma from nonadenoma is a common problem for radiologists in the daily practice . Computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance (mr... |
An electronic structure that is governed by strong electron correlation effects is a commonly encountered phenomenon in molecules that are, for example, (i) in a nonequilibrium structure, (ii) in an electronically excited state, and/or (iii) contain transition metal center(s). Multiconfigurational methods, which have b... |
Racial disparities in survival after solid organ transplantation were first recognized by opelz and terasaki in 1977, when large differences between african american and caucasian recipients were identified after kidney transplantation. (1) since then, multiple reports have demonstrated worse survival after heart trans... |
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hspcs) possess the capacity for self - renewal (mitotic division leading to production of the same stem cells without loss of developmental potential) and differentiation (asymmetric division leading to unequal production of daughter cells from the same mother cells). Though the... |
Sarcoidosisis is a rare inflammatory disorder with multisystem presentation which can involve any organ of the body . It is characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas primarily affecting the lungs but other organs like heart, central nervous system, and skin may be involved . Skin lesions form tip of an ... |
Large leg ulcers (llu, surface area> 100 cm) are extremely difficult to heal . Large leg ulcers have been previously described in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (mctd), scleroderma overlap syndrome (sos), rheumatoid arthritis (ra), behcet diesease . We report three cases of autoimmune diseases complicate... |
Undoubtedly, intraperitoneal and intrathoracic bleeding are risk factors for hypovolemic shock in trauma; however, non - cavitary blood loss due to fracture of long bone can also lead to hypovolemic shock . The principles of management of patients following traumatic injury include diagnosis and management of blood los... |
Increased interest in closed carbon cycles across different industrial sectors has resulted in renewed strong impulses toward investigations of the use of carbon dioxide as a chemical feedstock.1 the physicochemical properties and nontoxicity of co2 together with its abundant availability at highly concentrated point s... |
Chronic graft versus host disease (gvhd) is a serious long - term complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). Chronic gvhd can occur any time after allogeneic hsct but is most common within the first 3 years . Chronic gvhd is usually treated with immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclospo... |
Endocannabinoids are an emerging class of lipid mediators, which activate cannabinoid receptors and regulate sleep induction, interact with gabaergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, and are also formed during glutamate - induced neurotoxicity . The biological activity of anandamide (n - arachidonoylet... |
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (dm2) is a disease often related to poor lifestyle choices resulting in hyperglycemia; it affects nearly 10% of the entire us population, including more than 25% of seniors . Conventional medicine views dm2 as a chronic, irreversible disease and focuses on disease management utilizing insulin -... |
The aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in mentioned volume and measured volume of the eye drops and to find out the yearly cost of various antiglaucoma drugs . Total of 245 bottles of 49 different brands, five of each brand of antiglaucoma drug were analyzed . Number of drops were counted, and volume was m... |
The scientific community is in the grips of the data reproducibility crisis, highlighted by nature s challenges in irreproducible research initiative . Oftentimes in drug discovery, compounds active in primary biological screens show no activity in follow - up studies . The measured effect of false positives may be due... |
Our society depends heavily on fossil fuels (e.g., oil, natural gas, coal, etc . ). These resources are not sustainable energy sources and are being depleted at a rapidly increasing rate, leading to concerns regarding dwindling fossil - fuel resources, environmental consequences of co2 emission, and economic problems .... |
Abnormal responsiveness of growth hormone- (gh-) producing pituitary adenomas to hypothalamic hormones has been previously described . This paradoxical response of gh to thyrotropin - releasing hormone (trh) in gh - producing pituitary adenomas was first reported in 1972 [2, 3] and observed in 50~75% of untreated acrom... |
Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions (16-h day) at the university of arizona during january june 2011, and self - pollinated to obtain 6-dap kernels . Using a protocol for laser - capture microdissection (lcm) of plant tissues, and further modified using methods that were subsequently published, we isolated th... |
Insulin has been used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (dm) since 1920 . Allergic reactions to these types of insulin were frequent due to the differences in the amino acid sequences with human insulin . At present, the prevalence of allergic reactions to insulin appears to be approximately 2% and less than one -... |
Myoclonus may be a rare complication of stem cell transplant but has limited discussion in the scientific literature . We present a case of an acute myeloid leukemia survivor who developed refractory myoclonic epilepsy four years after graft versus host disease (gvhd) developed six days following matched unrelated allo... |
Mefloquine (lariam), a synthetic quinoline introduced in the late 1970s for the prevention and treatment of malaria, has been linked to a wide range of adverse cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neuropsychiatric effects . Of particular concern are reports of an association between mefloquine use and severe anxiety a... |
The accurate measurement of blood pressure is a fundamental component of any health - care practice to informing clinical care, especially in patients with hypertension and cardiovascular disease . Since its introduction, manual measurement using the auscultatory method with a mercury sphygmomanometer has been consider... |
The alternate congestion - decongestion response of the erectile tissue of nasal turbinate and septum of two nostrils leads to altered unilateral nasal resistance . Thus, the air flow through one nostril is greater than next at any given point of time which later switches to another . The nasal cycle which lasts for 25... |
Liposarcoma is the most common of the soft tissue sarcomas encountered in adulthood . Liposarcomas are generally found in the extremities, retroperitoneum, and in inguinal lesions . The clinical characteristics of liposarcomas closely reflect their pleomorphic histologies, and the large size lesions are more common in ... |
The transfusion of blood and blood products is an integral and essential part of hospital services . The blood requisition in elective and emergency procedures from surgery, trauma and obstetrics and gynaecology departments are often associated with excessive demand for cross matching of blood which is often more than ... |
Roundworm (ascariasis) infestation is common in the population with low socioeconomic status especially in developing countries . Patients with ascariasis may be present with different gastrointestinal symptoms but is difficult to diagnose in sedated or obtunded condition in an intensive care unit (icu) setup . We repo... |
Syncope is an important risk factor for adverse cardiac event in patients with ischemic heart disease, especially those with myocardial infarction (mi) and/or left ventricular (lv) dysfunction and ventricular conduction defects. [14] the initial evaluation of a patient with syncope consists of history, physical examina... |
He had developed sudden spontaneous penile swelling not accompanied by immediate detumescence while having vaginal intercourse 4 hours earlier . The patient did not describe the classic " snap - pop " or rapid detumescence typically associated with penile fracture and denied any intracorporeal injection . Physical exam... |
Human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 infection has spread to all population groups in india and has reached epidemic proportions . The rate of progression of hiv-1 disease exhibits a remarkable variation among different individuals . Many host genetic factors are now known to affect the disease progression rates, espec... |
Radiation therapy (rt) is commonly administered for a range of pelvic malignancies . Although the benefits of this treatment have been well - established, the majority of patients experience toxicity (nausea, vomiting, and acute diarrhea) because of the effect of the radiation on the small and large intestine . Acute e... |
However, antidepressants also have antinociceptive and analgesic effects and are widely prescribed in the treatment of chronic pain (2, 3). Antidepressants include the classic tricyclic drugs, nonselective norepinephrine / serotonin reuptake inhibitors (amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, and venlafaxine), selecti... |
Metabolic encephalopathy (me) can be described as an interaction between hypoxia / anoxia, hepatic, renal, septic, immune - mediated, and electrolyte / endocrine disturbances, and is frequently confused with delirium, especially asociated with a rapidly progressive dementia . In the nonagenarians, an acute loss of cogn... |
Peripheral artery occlusive disease (paod) resulting from atherosclerosis refers to partial or complete obstruction of the lower limb arteries . Patients with paod may be completely asymptomatic or present with atypical leg symptoms with an exercise limitation, classic intermittent claudication, or ischemic pain and ul... |
Multiple sclerosis (ms) is a progressive neurologic disorder that often results in impaired mobility . The effects of resistance training in ameliorating mobility deficits in people with ms (pwms) have been previously studied, but with inconsistent methodologies . White et al . Found improvements in 25-foot walk test p... |
Carotid angioplasty and stenting (cas) has become an alternative option to carotid endarterectomy (cea) for treatment of carotid artery stenosis . The carotid revascularization endarterectomy versus stenting trial (crest) supported this alternative treatment option although the periprocedural stroke rate was higher in ... |
Although it is very well known as a food, it is not well - recognized as a medicine . The medicinal and antimicrobial activities of honey for wound healing have been introduced for approximately 4500 years, almost as long as bacteria have been known . Honey has been used as a medicine since ancient times [24]. In islam... |
It has been associated with a number of positive effects including mood enhancement (2), improved self - evaluation (20), improved visual - spatial memory and increased positive affect (22), and increased creativity (18). While national standards exist to recommend how much, how often, and how intensely one should enga... |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common cancers in the world . Sorafenib, an oral molecular - targeted drug, has become the standard therapy for advanced hcc (i.e., extrahepatic metastases, unresectable or not eligible for locoregional therapy). Sorafenib is a multiple kinase inhibitor which affects tu... |
Subcellular relocalization of signaling proteins in response to external signals is critical for recruitment of signaling cascades and efficient signaling . In yeast, mating pheromones result in the redistribution of several proteins required for responses to this signal including the map kinase scaffold protein ste5 a... |
Rett syndrome (rtt), for a long time included among the autism spectrum disorders (asds), is a nosologically distinct, genetically determined neurological entity associated in up to 95% of cases to de novo loss - of - function mutations in the x - chromosome - linked gene encoding the methyl - cpg - binding protein 2 (... |
With a rapid rise in the prevalence of chronic conditions and the ensuing demand placed on health services, the sustainability of most health care systems around the globe has been threatened . During the last decade, the strategy of choice has been to focus on promoting healthy lifestyles and choices [2, 3], the most ... |
Below - the - knee (btk) revascularization encompassing endovascular angioplasty and distal bypass surgery is essential for successful treatment of ischemic diabetic foot ulcers . Angiosome - guided revascularization is a paradigm that has generated considerable interest since studies have suggested that direct revascu... |
Pulmonary artery sarcoma (pas) is a rare malignancy arising from the mesenchymal cells of the intima of the pulmonary artery . It is frequently misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism (pte), although chest computed tomography (ct) can help differentiate pas from pte by showing a low - attenuation filling defect occup... |
The visual prognosis in an eye with traumatic endophthalmitis is very poor, much worse than in an eye with postoperative endophthalmitis, because the physical effect of the trauma itself has a major consequence on the visual function . Also, the pathogens that cause traumatic endophthalmitis are distinct and more virul... |
Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations (pg) are principal diagnostic markers of diabetes mellitus . Physiological development of pg in the course of day and night is a prerequisite for the optimum physical and intellectual working capacity and prevention of diabetes complications . However, in daily lif... |
A 52-year old male patient, 177 cm in height and weighing 61 kg, was admitted to the hospital emergency room . He had experienced general weakness starting 10 days earlier and complained of right upper quadrant pain that had started 4 - 5 days before being admitted . The patient had been diagnosed with pc - type mcd fi... |
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (pci) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of air within the submucosa and/or subserosa of the intestinal wall . Abdominal radiography, contrast enema, ultrasonography and computed tomography (ct) scan can demonstrate the presence of intramural intestinal gas [2, 3]. Poss... |
Search is a multicenter study that conducts population - based ascertainment of newly diagnosed cases of nongestational diabetes in youths aged <20 years (4). Youths with diabetes were identified in defined geographic regions or among health care management organization members (4). For all cases, core information, inc... |
Nosocomial infections are a common problem in hospitals, particularly in the intensive care unit (icu). They are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and are responsible for considerable costs . Infections with organisms that are resistant to antimicrobial agents, such as methicillin - resistant staphyloc... |
Currently, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf - alpha) inhibitors are widely used for many kinds of autoimmune disorders . Among them, adalimumab (humira, abbvie inc, north chicago, il) is used worldwide in treating plaque - type psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylos... |
Reactive oxygen species (ros) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, particular cardiac disorders [1, 2]. Ros include a number of oxygen - containing reactive species, among which superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) are most widely studied in biomedical field [3, 4]. Ros attack cellular... |
Organophosphate (op) and carbamates (cm) are important insecticides that are used in developing countries . The inhibition of cholinesterase inhibitor activity cause accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses, causing overstimulation and disruption of neurotransmission in both the central and peripheral nervous systems ... |
The pgen study was approved by the partners human research committee and the university of michigan school of public health institutional review board . (pathway) were recruited online after placing an order for dtc - pgt between march and july 2012 . Participants were invited to three web - based surveys administered ... |
Breast cancer is a major health problem that affects the lives of millions . For the year 2012, it was estimated that 226,870 women in the united states will be diagnosed with breast cancer and that 39,510 women will succumb to it [1, 2]. With these numbers, breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in the us women... |
We conducted a population - based retrospective cohort study using administrative databases from ontario, canada, that included hospital discharge abstracts, physician service claims, and demographic data . The ontario diabetes database is a validated registry of physician - diagnosed nongestational diabetes that is id... |
Bilateral acute occlusion of the carotid arteries leads to coma and neurological deficits resembling thrombosis of the basilar artery . This is reported to occur in less than 1% of the patients in stroke series . There are only a few reports in the literature of acute bilateral occlusion of the m1 segments of the middl... |
, currently affecting 29.1 million americans (1) and projected to impact> 40 million individuals by 2034 (2). National surveys show that the large majority of individuals with t2d are not at recommended treatment goals for its underlying risk factors, namely, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (3). These com... |
The complications of hiv / aids can produce grossly abnormal pathology . In low - resourced settings, women can present late with huge lesions . Massive vulval pathology copresenting in pregnancy produces difficulties in managing the patients and may lead to poor maternal or fetal outcomes . A 27-year - old p1 g2 (seco... |
Superior vena cava (svc) drains blood from the head and upper extremities to the heart . When the blood flow becomes limited by extraluminal compression or intraluminal obstruction as svc obstruction progresses, the blood pressure in the venous system increases and the collateral vessels dilate . The severity of sympto... |
A number of epidemiological studies of the potential health effects of man made vitreous fibers have been carried out . The main concern is that because these fibers are structurally very similar to the asbestos fibers mmvs can also cause respiratory disease such as occupational related asthma, interstitial pneumonia, ... |
The preparation of xenopus laevis oocytes, nuclei and nuclear envelopes was carried out as described previously with the exception that coverslip substrates were incubated for 30 minutes with 0.1% (w / v) poly - l - lysine (sigma - aldrich, st . Nuclear envelope samples were kept unfixed in a buffer containing 87 mm kc... |
Firefighting is a hazardous profession that often requires strenuous work in dynamic and unpredictable environments . Firefighters and emergency medical services employees have been shown to be at higher risk of non - fatal injury than most other us workers.13 in 2012, the 1.1 million career and volunteer firefighters ... |
The combination of easily available high - calorie food and physical inactivity is driving the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome . Non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is more than simply a hepatic disease . Rather, it is a hepatic presentation of obesity with metabolic impairment by the metabo... |
Plague is caused by the gram - negative bacterium yersinia pestis; it is primarily a disease of rodents, which can cause zoonotic disease directly via the aerosol route or indirectly via arthropod vectors . Throughout history, human pandemics have been caused, the greatest being during the middle ages where at least 25... |
Patients with differentiated carcinoma of thyroid (dct) receive lifelong levothyroxine (lt4) replacement therapy after undergoing total thyroidectomy and subsequent radioiodine therapy (rit). Lt4 is given in thyroid - stimulating hormone (tsh) suppressive dose to keep the patients in subclinical hyperthyroid state beca... |
The most important consideration in designing a free - end saddles / distal extension removable partial denture, or cpd, for optimum function is as devan stated the perpetual preservation of that which remains, and not the meticulous replacement of that which has been lost . Cast partial denture made using the altered ... |
Our genome is constantly assaulted by genotoxic agents, which not only compromise the integrity of dna and its packaging into chromatin but also perturb cell transcriptional programs by interfering with the progression and function of transcription machineries . If left unrepaired, dna damage can lead to the production... |
The pathogenesis and long - term natural history of glaucomatous optic neuropathy is still under active investigation . Many clinical trials have confirmed the key role intraocular pressure (iop) plays in the development and progression of open - angle glaucoma [114]. Such studies have shown that lowering iop reduces t... |
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