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: 35 000 to 1: 40 000 in live births, sct is a rare tumor; however, it is still the most common germ cell tumor (gct) of infancy and early childhood . For decades, diagnosis and treatment of scts have made progress and become fairly standardized, and good prognosis is usually achieved . Nevertheless, increasing numbers...
Intensive care units (icus) consume a large proportion of hospital resources and they are focused places in the hospital with well - defined boundaries (1 - 3). Medical resources such as drugs, supplies and equipment constitute a high proportion of costs in this unit . The management of these resources is an important ...
Reports of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) induced by huaiyangshan virus infection have mostly been focused on adult cases . A high incidence of bunyavirus infection has been observed recently in china, accompanied by rather severe and fatal cases . Herein, we describe a pediatric case with huaiyangs...
Effusive - constrictive pericarditis (ecp) is an entity on the continuum between effusive and constrictive pericarditis.1) it was first formally described by hancock2) in 1971, and only four series have been reported since.2)3)4)5) the condition is generally believed to be rare, occurring in only 1.2% of patients with ...
Fat embolism syndrome (fes) is more common following severe injuries with multiple fractures and fractures of long bones but can also occur in orthopaedic procedures, most commonly during intramedullary nailing of the long bones or hip or knee replacements [1 - 3]. Most cases do have certain predisposing factors like f...
It is commonly accepted that the glenohumeral joint space remains unchanged until the onset of osteoarthritis, at which point progressive degenerative changes, and joint space narrowing occur . The available data on the cartilage thickness of the glenohumeral joint and the radiologically normal joint space are sparse ....
There has been a growing need for total knee replacement arthroplasty (tka) as a life - changing surgery . In elderly patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, tka is the choice of treatment in advanced stages of the disease . Metabolic syndrome, clustering of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (dm) are not only consi...
Coronary artery disease (cad) is highly prevalent in patients with diabetic nephropathy (dn) and the incidence of dn is increasing worldwide . Compared to nondiabetic patients, the postoperative morbidity and mortality are higher in diabetic patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) or percutaneous coronary...
Systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies to various cellular components . Approximately 50% of patients with sle exhibit lupus nephritis (ln). The american society of rheumatology recently published guidelines for ln screening, treatment, and manageme...
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (aot) is an uncommon benign epithelial lesion of odontogenic origin . These variants have common histologic characteristics, which indicate a common origin, this being derived from the complex system of dental lamina or its remnants . The follicular and extrafollicular variants account for...
Using the microstrep plus system (dade behring, deerfield, il, usa), we tested 114 st7 isolates from china and found that all isolates were resistant to tetracycline and susceptible to 12 of 13 antimicrobial drugs . Of these 114, 6 were isolated in 2006, 84 were from human patients and 8 from diseased pigs in the 2005 ...
Actinic keratoses (aks) are among the most frequent diagnoses in dermatological practice . The exponential increase in the incidence of aks and their potential to evolve to squamous cell carcinoma therapeutic options for aks include cryotherapy, curettage with or without electrosurgery, laser therapy, photodynamic ther...
Failed back surgery syndrome (fbss) is a challenging clinical entity for both patients who suffer from persistent pain and impaired function and clinicians who try their best to manage them12). Treatment of fbss is challenging because medical treatment and repeated back surgeries are often unsuccessful in providing ade...
Prostatic abscess is a disorder that rarely occurs and is difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other disorders of the lower urinary tract in men [1, 2]. It should be noted that rapid diagnostics and correct treatment are very important, because prostatic abscess can be the initial presentation of u...
What is science communication? Broadly speaking, it is conveying news to the public about the scientific enterprise: research discoveries, their possible effects, and the processes of science . Science communicators are journalists, writers, editors, multimedia producers, authors, exhibit developers, and educators . Th...
After more than four decades, pars plana vitrectomy has become routine for vitreoretinal surgeons . Vitrectomy can benefit patients with many ocular disorders such as retinal detachment, macular pathology, among other conditions . In addition, vitrectomy can be performed to assess vitreous cytology in order to rule out...
In recent years, increasing concerns have arisen about emerging contaminants in aquatic systems, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products due to their potential adverse effects on ecosystems and public health . These compounds are sometimes referred to as micropollutants (mps) because they are ty...
Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma (thh) or hobnail hemangioma (hh) is a benign vascular lesion, which mainly affects young people with a prevalence in men . The classical clinical presentation is a ring - shaped vascular lesion having a targetoid appearance, with a central purple - brown papule surrounded by a thin pa...
The study population consisted of 11 male type 1 diabetic patients (mean sem; age 24 2 years, bmi 22.6 0.6, duration of diabetes 15 2 years, hba1c 7.7 0.3%, 61 3.4 mmol / mol, vo2peak 53 1 ml kg min). Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were between 18 and 35 years of age with a duration of diabetes> 2 years o...
Healthcare is a dynamic and rapidly growing sector of public services market which is currently facing increasing competition and significant changes (1). Competition is particularly unavoidable for private hospitals in a free market economy system (2). Statistics generated by iranian ministry of health shows that, ove...
C - reactive protein (crp) circulates as a disc - shaped pentamer consisting of five identical subunits arranged around a pore in the middle (figure 1). As the exact function of crp is not fully understood yet, it is believed that it functions as part of the innate immune system . It is also known that crp rises in sev...
Heparin is the standard anticoagulant, but it increases the risk of hemorrhage . The heparin dosage is adjusted based on the whole blood clotting time, using a test such as the activated clotting time (act) to avoid both bleeding and clotting in the dialyzer . In patients with a high risk of bleeding, heparin must be a...
The neurovascular compression of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves is known as the cause of trigeminal neuralgia (tn) and hemifacial spasm . The rate of success of surgical decompression for these two syndromes is satisfactory.1 2 however, it is still difficult to consider neurovascular compression of the eighth cra...
Breathing oscillations influence the firing activity of the sinoatrial node defined as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (rsa). Rsa is a consequence of various central as well as peripheral effects from medullary cardiorespiratory centre and reflex responses from pulmonary / cardiovascular receptors resulting in heart rate ...
Entitlement to publicly financed health services is regulated by various types of regulatory instruments (table 1). These represent the decisions of various decision - making actors, with varying decision - making rules / processes and power . There is a hierarchy of regulations with the constitution on top, followed b...
The presence of the vermiform appendix within an inguinal hernia was first described by claudius amyand in 1736 . It has an incidence of 1% and is complicated by acute appendicitis in 0.08% of cases . We report a case of amyand's hernia occurring in an 85 year old woman, who presented with a tender, discharging, right ...
It is characterized by transformation of the peritoneal membrane into a sclerotic cocoon encapsulating and strangling the intestines . Eps leads to withdrawal from peritoneal dialysis, and in spite of improved medical and surgical treatment, it is still associated with considerable morbidity and mortality [1, 2]. Durat...
The main concern is to ensure the highest possible standard for the services provided and to meet the needs of individual service users and communities (1). In 1997, the uk department of health introduced clinical governance (cg) as a strategy for improving quality of health care services (2). The classic definition of...
Despite other advances in neonatal intensive care units (nicus), acute peritoneal dialysis (apd) the nonvascular treatment method for acute kidney injury (aki) and critical metabolic disorders has been increasingly used of late [13]. The use of other forms of renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis (hd) and hem...
The microscopic picture is characteristic, described as a spindle cell lesion with antoni a and antoni b arrangements . The unique feature in our report is the short duration of the tumor in a young patient, which might raise suspicion of malignancy . A 22-year - old male patient reported to the dental facility with a ...
Heart failure (hf) is a common but potentially fatal condition, occurring when the heart is unable to provide sufficient blood flow to meet the demands of the body . After the diagnosis of hf, about 40% of the patients die within one year . Implantation of left ventricular assist device (lvad) has become a common appro...
The metaphase spindle is a dynamic structure, balancing continuous antiparallel microtubule sliding, net microtubule polymerization near the midzone, and net depolymerization near the poles (mitchison, 1989; sawin and mitchison, 1991; brust - mascher and scholey, 2002; maddox et al ., 2002). This poleward microtubule f...
In this retrospective study, we reviewed 504 cases of arthroscopy - proven complete acl tear, for which acl reconstruction was performed by two surgeons (tkk and cbc) between february 2004 and december 2008 . Inclusion criteria were the available precise acl injury history with an obvious single major trauma event, con...
Panic disorder (pd) is a common and incapacitating mental disorder characterized by the recurrence of spontaneous panic attacks, followed by a persistent concern about having additional attacks, worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences, and a significant change in the behavior related to the attac...
Chemical peels are used to create injury at a specific skin depth with the goal of stimulating new skin growth and improving surface texture and appearance . The exfoliative effect of chemical peels stimulates new epidermal growth and collagen with more evenly distributed melanin . Chemical peels are classified by the ...
Aortic valve stenosis (avs) is the most common cause of left ventricular outflow obstruction in adults, and its prevalence is increased among older patients . Aortic valve sclerosis is defined as aortic valve thickening and calcification without a significant gradient (defined as an aortic jet velocity of <2 m / s). In...
Even though the national teen pregnancy rate is declining, adolescent pregnancies continue to be a problem for individuals and society . Adolescents are at risk for a number of pregnancy complications, including preterm labor, premature delivery, low birth weight infants, and maternal morbidity, all of which can contri...
Recent research defines mobility as where people move or travel, (while) taking into account the frequency of movement and degree of independence during such movement . Mobility is critical to the physical and mental health, as well as independence, of older adults, 65 and older [2, 3]. Healthy people 2020 recognizes t...
International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups (iadpsg) published criteria for the universal screening and diagnosis for gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) based on hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome (hapo) study . After the release, the criteria for gdm were also updated in japan and they w...
Methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has become a major cause of hospital - associated infection since it was first discovered in britain in the 1960s soon after the beta - lactam methicillin was introduced for clinical use against staphylococci.1 the emergence of mrsa infection has had a negative impac...
In multi - trauma patients, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a commonly seen complication . Important risk factors for the development of ards after trauma are severe injury [injury severity score (iss)> 25] and pulmonary contusion [1, 2]. Although the occurrence of ards in multi - trauma patients incr...
Traditionally, the presence of antibodies against human leukocyte antigen (hla)-c and dp was considered to be associated with only a low risk of antibody - mediated rejection (abmr) in kidney transplantation (kt), because the antigenicities of these proteins are weak . However, the clinical effects of hla - c and -dp d...
Over the past two decades, considerable biomedical successes have been achieved in the science of prevention of mother - to - child transmission of hiv (pmtct) in sub - saharan africa . Effective interventions that can significantly reduce in utero, intra - partum and postnatal hiv transmission are now available [13]. ...
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) is the most common pediatric malignancy and poses a serious threat to the health of children . With the development of multi - drug combination therapy in the past 50 years, the efficacy in children with all has been significantly improved and the current cure rate is close to 80% . V...
Tooth color perception is an important target not only for the dentist who needs choose the correct tooth shade for esthetic restorations but also for patients and consumers who desire to enhance their smiles . Natural tooth color is determined by the paths of light inside the tooth and absorption along these paths, an...
In 2002 glaucoma jumped from third to second place on the list of the leading causes of blindness globally, which is published by the world health organization . It poses a considerable challenge to public health, because blindness and visual impairment caused by glaucoma are irreversible . As a chronic eye disease gla...
Dye sensitized solar cells (dsscs) are photoelectrochemical, alternative energy source devices that convert light energy into electricity, based on the photosensitization of wide - bandgap metal oxide semiconductors such as tio2 . Photosensitization is a process whereby energy of absorbed light is transferred from a ph...
Although the dopaminergic system is central to the study of motivational and reward - related learning, the neurobiological basis of reward learning and memory cannot be explained completely without the participation of the endogenous cannabinoid system and glutamatergic neurotransmission . The hippocampus, which sends...
Isothermal titration calorimetry (itc) is a well established technique that can determine all the thermodynamic parameters (affinity, enthalpy and stoichiometry) of a binding interaction in one experiment . The signal measured is the heat released or absorbed upon interaction (binding) of the two reactants . A series o...
Encrusted cystitis is a rare chronic inflammatory disease characterized by calcified plaques of the bladder, previously altered by varies conditions as urological procedures, caused by urea - splitting bacteria . Only one case has been reported on encrusted cystitis occurring after surgery and radiation therapy for a p...
All strains used here are derived from by4741 (mata his31 leu20 met150 ura30) obtained from euroscarf (european saccharomyces cerevisiae archive for functional analysis). To construct the mutant strains that substitute an array of 133 bp sequences for the wild type sequences underlying the phased nucleosome at sites 1 ...
Thyroid gland volume enlarges and serum levels of thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine increase, whereas serum tsh levels reduce [1, 2]. These modifications are related to tsh - like activity of hcg, rise in thyroxin - binding globulin (tbg) due to hyperestrogenemia and resultant altered tbg glycosylation which increase...
The decrease in the consumption of salt, a major source of sodium and chloride in the body, has been a major medical advice in the management of hypertension and has become a public health policy in some countries . However, many experts acknowledge that a gap exists in this practice and agree that additional research ...
All procedures in this study were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the canadian council on animal care and conform to the arvo statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research . All protocols were approved by the university of waterloo animal care committee and/or the institutional anima...
In the last decades health professionals have been often organized into many specialties and subspecialties directed to several body organs and systems . The human organism is a unity that is composed by an infinite number of biologic processes so strongly linked that abnormalities in any part of the body and/or its pr...
Crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract . The etiology of these inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds) is not completely understood, but seems to be due to inappropriate inflammatory reactions in response to the intestinal flora and antigens in a gene...
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer affecting women worldwide and responsible for an estimated 265,000 deaths annually worldwide, 87% occurring in low - resource countries.1,2 the disparity in cervical cancer diagnosis and subsequent mortality between high- and low - resource countries is due largely to the...
Giant cell tumor (gct) accounts for 5 - 8% of all primary bone tumors . It usually occurs between 20 and 40 years of age and is commonly located at the distal femur, proximal tibia or distal radius . Proximal humerus is a rare site of involvement, accounting for only around 4% of the disease . Gct presents as a lytic a...
Pregnancy is a beautiful phenomenon and experience for every woman, and is associated with many physiological changes . During normal pregnancy, almost all organs undergo anatomical and functional changes . Fasting blood sugar level is slightly lower in pregnant women than in non - pregnant women, and after food intake...
As the population ages, the numbers in the oldest age groups will increase the fastest.1 the prevalence of chronic diseases will increase exponentially, and most hospital beds in the developed nations will be occupied by older people, many of whom will be admitted because of delirium, functional impairment, decondition...
We present here a case of a 54-year - old male who had presented to the psychiatry o.p.d . Of s.c.b . Medical college, cuttack with dementia like features . He had presented with complaints of forgetfulness, irritability, crying spells, fearfulness, and urinary and fecal incontinence . He was unable to take care of him...
Many patients with aplastic anemia (aa) or myelodysplastic syndromes (mds) need frequent transfusions of red blood cells (rbcs). One unit (derived from 200 ml of whole blood) of rbc transfusion in japan contains about 100 mg of iron . Because there is no physiological mechanism for iron excretion in humans, and daily i...
The largest number of patients are young or middle aged (2050 years),, . Lack of knowledge about the causes of these rare formation and asymptomatic clinical picture often leads to diagnostic and tactical mistakes . The medical history of 54-year old male patient b., who has been hospitalized at surgical department 1 o...
After digestion and excretion, due to nonefficient wastewater treatment procedures as well as the improper disposal of expired or nonused drugs they end up in surface waters . Regarding the facts that pharmaceuticals mean a continuous input in the environment and that they are designed to affect the human endocrine sys...
Healthcare has improved greatly over the last decades thanks to medical research, new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, and evidence - based highly specialized care . However, focus on specialization and single disease has also lead to a fragmentation of patient care . Collaborative care models, often initiated ...
The prevalence of anemia among adolescents is 27% in developing countries, and 6% in developed countries . In turkey, accelerated development, hormonal changes, malnutrition and starting of menstrual periods in girls are major causes in this period [2, 6]. Because iron is an essential element for the function of variou...
It is probably still a widely held opinion that lower organisms only have simple glycomes and that glycomic profiling is sufficient for analyzing their protein - linked oligosaccharides; however, data obtained over the years indicate a wide range of variability and complexity of the n - linked glycans from protozoan an...
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh) is the most common cause of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients1). This syndrome occurs in a variety of clinical settings, such as malignancies, pulmonary diseases, central nervous system disorders and medications . The most common cause of siadh associ...
In a 2010 lancet paper (hogan et al ., 2010), researchers from the university of washington presented maternal mortality patterns over the last three decades . Based on an analysis of mortality data from 181 countries, they concluded that the improvement made in decreasing maternal deaths was much more substantial than...
One of the major motivations behind the introduction of icus was to have nurses in immediate attendance so that patients could be constantly observed . Through vigilance, a nurse is able to detect early changes in a patient's condition, and, by alerting other team members, the nurse can subvert a disaster in the making...
According to the chemotherapy guidelines, chemotherapy treatment of small - cell lung cancer (sclc) has, for many years now, been the combination of cisplatin and etoposide . Carboplatin has been substituted for cisplatin in order to avoid the nephrotoxicity of the latter, but no statistically significant difference wa...
Advanced copd severely restricts work opportunities and impairs the ability to perform household chores, social activities, and family activities.1 inhaled long - acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids are widely prescribed for patients with copd . These drugs reduce exacerbation risk but have only a modest...
Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse) are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders comprising creutzfeldt - jakob disease (cjd), gerstmann - straussler - scheinker syndrome (gss), fatal familial insomnia (ffi) and kuru in humans, chronic wasting disease in cervids, bovine spongiform ence...
Cryptorchidism is the most common genital anomaly identified in males at birth with a prevalence of about 1% at 1 year of age . After the first year of life, spontaneous testicular descent is unlikely to occur, and it has been postulated that testicular position at that time might be final, or that in some cases, testi...
In developing countries such as india, cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality . It is estimated that 60% of the world's coronary artery disease (cad) patients are south asians who have a high prevalence of cad risk factors at a relatively young age . Acute myocardial infarction (ami) is frequent and the a...
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by proliferative synovitis, hyperplasia of the synovial tissues, and destruction of cartilage and bone . Fibroblast - like synoviocytes (fls) are crucial in the development of arthritis [1, 2]. The activated fls proliferation in ra joints ...
Juvenile dermatomyositis (jdm) is an idiopathic, multisystem, collagen disease characterized by non - purulent inflammation in the striated muscle and skin . Clinical pathology differs from that of the adult type; there is a lower frequency of malignant tumors and many cases respond well to steroids . Clinically, jdm c...
A computer search of our pathology records revealed a total of 40 cases of pathologically proven tubular carcinomas that were seen at our hospital between january 1998 and may 2004 . Those cases with less than 50% of the tubular growth pattern were excluded from this study . As a result, 31 patients (age range: 34 - 73...
Although it closed its doors in 1950, the pioneer health centre (phc) in peckham, south london (also known as the peckham health centre or the peckham experiment) remains a project whose significance and legacy are vigorously contested . On the one hand, there are those who have criticised what they see as its over - a...
Currently, the definition of mets is a constellation of interconnected risk factors of metabolic origin that often accompany obesity, the principal symptom, and consist of dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance, a hypercoagulable state, and a proinflammatory state . Childhood obesity is incre...
The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of ruhr university bochum before the experiments (registration no . 3231-ff) as well as the german federal regulatory authorities (bundesinstitut fr arzneimittel und medizinprodukte [bfarm]). Patients with type 2 diabetes (world health organ...
To identify and prioritise diseases which can be managed by an integrated care model . To develop an adequate methodology therefore . To develop a list of indicators for the design of integrated care models . Identification and prioritisation of the diseases through means of a literature review, a questionnaire for hea...
This may be related to the abnormal hemodynamics of systemic and splanchnic arterial vasodilatation and extra - hepatic vasoconstriction peculiar to advanced cirrhosis . This is termed functional renal failure, as the renal dysfunction is the result of relative renal ischemia, and is usually reversible upon correction ...
Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to global health and economic stability [1, 2]. Due to extensive globalization and urbanization, infectious diseases can spread at unprecedented rates . Small and localized infectious disease threats can rapidly become international catastrophes, as demonstrated by influenz...
In recent years, the incidence of obesity - related glomerulopathy has been steadily increasing in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd). According to one report, the relative risks for ckd in overweight (body mass index [bmi] of 25 kg / m or higher) and obese individuals (bmi of 30 kg / m or higher), as compared ...
The brazil nut (bertholietia excelsa) is an important nontimber forest product (ntfp) from the amazon forest . Brazil nuts exploitation is an important social and economic activity for people living in forest areas . Besides this, it is an important factor in forestry conservation and environmental sustainability . Des...
In contrast with the y - chromosome, the x - chromosome has a large number of genes that are essential for cell activity . However, a female cell has double the number of x - chromosomes in comparison with a male; male and female cells have approximately an equal amount of x - chromosome - encoded enzymes . X - chromos...
One of the most significant advances in the management of melanoma has been the adoption of the sentinel lymph node (sln) technique . This procedure, through the cooperation between surgery, nuclear medicine, and pathology, has enabled surgeons to identify patients with subclinical nodal metastases . For those patients...
The sylvian fissure (sf), or the lateral sulcus, was first illustrated in tabulae pictae by fabrici dacquapendente in 1600 . In 1641 however, he attributed his work to franciscus sylvius, who became the eponym of this anatomical structure . Anatomically, the sf is formed by the frontal, parietal and temporal lobe and c...
Its morphology has been extensively studied since the technique of recording was introduced in the beginning of the twentieth century . The use of computers for ecg recording enabled studies of dynamic properties of the ecg . The modulation of the cardiac cycle is extensively studied based on the signal that is generat...
Some teeth are severely mutilated because of caries, trauma or even as a result of previous large restorations . In case of an evident horizontal loss of clinical crown, most of the teeth could be unable to retain the final restoration without some additional support . If only a ferrule of minimal thickness can be achi...
Non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is associated with type 2 diabetes (t2 dm) and the metabolic syndrome, and can progress to chronic liver disease . Iu / l) alanine transaminase (alt), as a surrogate marker for nafld, in patients with newly diagnosed t2 dm . Retrospective analysis of alt with metabolic parame...
Malaria is a major health problem in developing countries, affecting each year at least 300500 million individuals of which more than 1 million people die of serious complications . Primarily in children beyond 5 years, parasite - mediated processes and excessive or uncontrolled inflammation cause malaria pathogenesis,...
Participants from the pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications (edc) study with arterial blood pressure <140/90 at study initiation were selected for study (n = 510). The edc is a historical cohort study based on incident cases of childhood - onset (prior to their 17th birthday) type 1 diabetes, diagnosed or s...
A 42-year - old woman presented to us with a history of pain in her right knee for the past one year . The trigger spot for the pain was located just medial to the ligamentum patellae at the level of the joint line . The pain was sharp and shooting in nature and was precipitated by pressure over the trigger spot . The ...
A rapid increase in chromatin compaction during mitosis, known as chromosome condensation, is essential for the faithful distribution of identical genetic material between daughter cells . Chromosome condensation involves the recruitment of condensin complexes to chromatin and is characterized by a pattern of posttrans...