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The genus dirofilaria includes various species that are natural parasites of dogs, cats, foxes, and wild mammals . It is caused by d. repens, d. immitis, d. tenuis and d. ursi . D. repens is commonly encountered in the subcutaneous tissue of dogs, foxes, and cats, while d. immitis in the right ventricle and pulmonary a... |
Nitric oxide (no) is an important biological second messenger in humans, which plays a critical role in cell and neuronal signaling, blood pressure regulation, and the immune response . No is produced from oxidation of l - arginine (l - arg) in the presence of nadph by a class of heme - dependent enzymes, nitric oxide ... |
During 20092014, we identified 20 persons who were admitted to 2 tertiary - care hospitals in rennes and paris, france, with culture - positive xdr tb infections . Patients were identified through hospital database searches; patient data were extracted from medical charts . For each patient, we performed direct examina... |
This work was supported by national institutes of health grant gm52932 to w.m.b . And national research service award gm07215 to n.r.d. |
Shallow subretinal fluid may persist after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery, even though the retina may appear fully attached on ophthalmoscopy . Robertson1 described subretinal precipitates after delayed absorption of shallow subretinal fluid following scleral buckling procedures . Recently, optical coherence... |
Understanding the consequences and complexities of transgenes driven by insulin promoters and alterations in the insulin locus requires some understanding of the biology of the insulin genes in mice . Flies have 7 insulin - like peptides, also in neurons, with diverse roles in growth and metabolism . There are 8 genes ... |
However, the pathogenesis of pericardial fluid accumulation in different forms of pericardial disease is still not completely understood . Studies on inflammatory pericardial effusions may elucidate the mechanisms of pericardial fluid formation and also the general mechanisms of pericardial inflammation . Particularly,... |
Ever since beadle and tatum conducted simple but elegant experiments that led to a basic understanding that genes act by regulating definite chemical events (beadle and tatum, 1941) we have known that mutations can influence the fate of an organism . This profound finding led to their receiving the nobel prize in physi... |
Rayer first reported renal vein thrombosis associated with nephrotic syndrome in 1837, thrombosis is known to be one of the main complications of nephrotic syndrome with the renal vein being the most frequent site. [15] awareness of pathogenesis and assessment of the risk factors for arterial thrombosis are required to... |
Prostate - specific antigen (psa) is the most widely used marker for the early detection of prostate cancer (pc). Patients who have elevated psa levels or abnormal findings on a digital rectal examination (dre) but whose biopsy results are negative pose a problem in pc screening . When the result of a dre is normal and... |
The organism in this study is bacillus okhensis strain kh10 - 101 t (here after b. okhensis), a gram - positive, strictly aerobic, rod like bacterium . The b. okhensis was first isolated from a salt pan in india, near port of okha by nowlan et al ., 2006 . B. okhensis is tolerant to both high salt and high ph, can grow... |
Chronic post - surgery pain (cpsp) has gained increased recognition as a major factor influencing health - related quality - of - life following most surgical procedures, in particular following surgery for benign conditions . A literature review was undertaken, searching for studies with repeated estimates of post - h... |
The condition occurs more commonly in thin elderly women [1 - 4], but the exact etiology is poorly understood . Although most cases are diagnosed at the time of surgery, a delay in diagnosis and treatment may result in a serious outcome . This report describes a rare case of a 36-year - old pregnant woman who presented... |
Hemodialysis catheter dysfunction often is defined as blood flow rate (bfr) <300 ml / min, including in the national kidney foundation's kidney disease outcome quality initiative (nkf - kdoqi) clinical practice guidelines . Other definitions of catheter dysfunction reported in the literature include frequent arterial a... |
Management of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) has been a therapeutic challenge for years . Despite scientific interest, there has been a lack of high quality clinical studies demonstrating a mortality benefit . In 2000 a large trial funded by the us national institutes of health (nih) demonstra... |
Quality of life (qol) is a complex, multidimensional concept that has gained importance in recent health and social literature, albeit with different conceptual and operative perspectives [1, 2]. One element common to the different definitions of qol is that it is not limited to measuring the standard of living, an ide... |
, there are a number of different spectral domain oct systems commercially available.10,11 the ability to provide real - time cross sectional mapping, in conjunction with the very principle of operation, namely photon back scattering, provides the understudied application of quantitative assessment of the extent of str... |
High - throughput technologies such as dna microarrays and mass spectrometry (ms) generate vast amount of information - rich transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data . These technologies have made significant progress in the past decade enabling detection and expression level quantification of thousands of ge... |
Immunoglobulin gg4-related disease (igg4-rd) is a recently described disease entity characterized by tumefactive lesions, abundant tissue lymphoplasmacytic and igg4-positive plasma cell infiltration, storiform fibrosis and elevated serum igg4 concentrations (1). Since autoimmune pancreatitis, associated with high serum... |
Papillary thyroid cancer (ptc) is the most frequent thyroid cancer (80% of cases) with the 10-year overall relative survival rate of 93% [1, 2]. The other differentiated thyroid cancer that originates from follicular thyroid cells, follicular thyroid cancer (ftc), is less frequent with incidence of around 10% . Presenc... |
Adoptive transfer of immune cells into a cancer - bearing host has been shown to be efficacious both in animal models and in human trials . Several approaches have been used, such as the use of tumor - infiltrating lymphocytes, dendritic cell vaccines, lymphokine - activated killer cells, vaccine - primed lymph nodes, ... |
Angiotensinogen metabolites are involved in vascular complications of diabetes, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, nephropathy, retinopathy, and foot ulcers . In these complications, angiotensin ii (ang ii) an alternative pathway, through angiotensin (19) [ang (19)], angiotensin (17) [ang (17)], and angiotensin (15... |
A bone sequestrum is devitalized, dead bone, typically resulting from necrosis secondary to trauma - related ischemia or following an infection, such as osteomyelitis . Sequestra of the ribs have rarely been documented, with most appearing from tuberculosis infections . Furthermore, intercostal incisional hernias are r... |
The vitreomacular traction syndrome (vts) is a well - defined clinical entity caused by incomplete separation of the posterior vitreous with persistent macular attachment.1 macular traction is frequently accompanied by cystoid changes in the neurosensory retina, causing decreased visual acuity and metamorphopsia . The ... |
Self - eating, and comprises a multistep process of sequestration and subsequent degradation of intracellular material within specialised compartments (refs 9, 10). Autophagy is orchestrated by a subset of genes that were originally identified in yeast and are called autophagy - related genes (atg), many of which have ... |
Goal - directed reaching movements involve representative sensorimotor control, planning, and execution, both sequentially and cyclically . Throughout these processes, the trajectory of smooth reaching movement is generally not straight but curved, as observed in previous studies.1,2 a precise curve trajectory is neces... |
Marine environments, particularly in the tropics, have greater species richness than tropical forests . These diverse species are capable of producing a wide variety of chemical compounds with unique structures and functions, and many of these compounds can be used for the development of novel drugs [1, 2]. As an abund... |
Treatment and outcome are influenced by various parameters, including tumor size, nodal involvement, grade, estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2) statuses, as well as ki67 percentage and the presence of angiolymphatic invasion [18]. Modern oncology has a... |
The endoscopic treatment of pancreatic fluid collections (pfcs) has become the preferred first - line approach . Fully covered self - expandable metal stents (fcsems) the aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the endosonography guided drainage (eus - gd) of pfcs with fcems . Procedures were performed in a st... |
Macroautophagywas first introduced during the ciba foundation symposium on lysosomes, london, in 1963 . It denotes an important catabolic process in eukaryotes, the hallmark of which is the formation of an intracellular double - bilayer membrane compartment, the autophagosome . Autophagy may occur in an apparently rand... |
Indications and conditions to initiate antiretroviral therapy strong evidence based on randomized controlled trials exists for initiating art amongst asymptomatic patients with cd4<350/mm31213 . Large observational studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of art amongst patients with cd4<500 mm in reducing mortality... |
Asperger syndrome (as) is a low prevalence autism spectrum disorder characterized by significant impairments in social interaction, social communication, and restricted patterns of interest in the presence of intact language . The first known description suggestive of this condition was reported by hans asperger in 194... |
As a long - time aids activist and healthcare journalist i have become intimately familiar with how scores of people living with hiv, whom i have spoken to, feel about research . I have also served as a representative of their needs by providing input on study designs, editing informed consent documents and serving on ... |
Dictyostelium discoideum are solitary soil living amoebae that feed on bacteria and other microorganisms, which are taken up by phagocytosis . It has a unique and remarkable life cycle that has been a major area of research since its discovery . The early interest in multicellular development and the molecular basis of... |
Cerebral revascularization has been useful in treatment of cerebral hemodynamic failure, in skull base surgery, and in complex aneurysm surgery . In addition, the beneficial effects of cerebral revascularization in treatment of acute stroke have been reported in recent years.3)8) accordingly, there is an increasing dem... |
The mitochondrial function impairment in skeletal muscle is one of the physiological limitations of aging . However, there is a considerable variability of aging impact on mitochondrial function [26]. Sarcopenia and muscle fatigability in response to aging are associated with the increase of both the reactive oxygen sp... |
Paravalvular leaks (pvls) are common complications of patients who had a history of valve replacement . It can be seen in 2% to 10% of prosthetic valve in the aortic position . Redo valve surgery is the gold standard therapy, but carries high risks for the patients . Morbidity - mortality rates are high after a surgica... |
(a) wnt rs5030222, rs629537 and ctnnb1 rs4135385 (b) fzd4 rs713065 and rs10898563 . Univariate analysis for overall survival and disease - free survival by age, gender, smoking status, histological type, pathological stage, and adjuvant therapy overall survival and disease - free survival of snps associated with wnt si... |
The incidence of thyroid nodules detected by clinical examination or by ultrasonography is very high in the adult population . For establishing whether these lesions are benign or malignant, fine - needle aspiration cytology (fnac) prior to the routine use of thyroid fine - needle aspiration (fna), only 14% of surgical... |
Neural tube defects (ntds), which include anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, are congenital malformations that arise during the structural development of the neural tube, a process that is completed within 28 days after conception . Anencephaly is invariably associated with death either as stillbirth, neonat... |
Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery have gradually become an accepted diagnostic and therapeutic modality in the treatment of pediatric trauma . In the hands of experienced surgeons and in appropriate situations, minimally invasive surgery (mis) has helped to eliminate the need for open procedures . Physical examina... |
Many people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1 dm) experience difficulties with the everyday challenges of managing their diabetic condition . In particular, many find it difficult to intensively manage their insulin therapy and achieve near normal blood glucose levels and optimal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin whils... |
Venoms are complex mixtures of many different components proven to be useful tools for biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological studies of ion channels and receptors . Toxins that recognize ion channel subgroups are versatile tools for channel studies and thus contribute to drug discovery [1, 2]. For example, a ... |
After a stroke, gait is an important determinant of functional ability in the activities of daily living and for an independent life1 . In general, stroke patients continue to have walking difficulties, including reductions in their gait velocity and endurance caused by the weakness of muscles and deterioration of volu... |
Transrectal ultrasound - guided prostate biopsy (trus biopsy) is performed to obtain systematic biopsies for histological examination in patients with suspected prostate carcinoma . However, subjecting men to trus biopsy can cause significant morbidity . The procedure may be complicated by sepsis in 0.5% of patients an... |
Anterior crossbite is a major esthetic and functional concern to the parents during the developmental stage of a child . It is one of the major responsibilities of pediatric dentist or orthodontist to guide the developing dentition to a state of normalcy in line with the stage of oral - facial growth and development . ... |
Culturing of t. brucei all bloodstream form strains of t. brucei were incubated in 5% carbon dioxide at 37 c in hmi-9 medium containing 10% heat - inactivated fetal bovine serum (omega scientific), 10% serum plus (jrh biosciences), 1 penicillin / streptomycin . The pzjmtbcb clones were cultured in media containing, 5.0... |
The detection rate of extended - spectrum -lactamases (esbls) in clinical isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in the kinki region of mid - western japan significantly increased from 0.2% to 7.3% and from 0.0% to 2.4%, respectively, over a 10-year period from 2000 to 2009.1 our recent study among heal... |
A 22-year - old woman was referred for abdominal discomfort and urinary frequency, and at abdominal sonography a huge cyst was detected in the left lower quadrant . The left abdomen contained a palpable mass, but digital rectal examination revealed nothing of significance . Plain radiography revealed a large soft tissu... |
Aryl amino alcohol alkaloids from the bark of cinchona spp . Have played an invaluable role in the treatment of malaria since the 18century when the extract became widely used . The bark contains laevorotatory (-) quinine (6'-methoxy cinchonan-9-ol) (q), its diastereomer dextrorotatory (+) quinidine (qd), and their 9-e... |
From the time of harvey williams cushing in 1912, when the first case was reported till this era, patients with subtle symptoms of cushing's syndrome (cs) are difficult to diagnose and manage . The morbidity and mortality have decreased significantly over the years but still the diagnosis remains difficult and conseque... |
The era of precision gravitational - wave astrophysics is at our doorstep . With it, a plethora of previously unavailable information will flood in, allowing for unprecedented astrophysical measurements and tests of fundamental theories . Nobody would question the importance of more precise astrophysical measurements, ... |
The prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (cvd) has grown significantly in recent years, particularly in low- and middle - income regions such as in latin america . In 2008, hypertension affects one billion individuals worldwide and is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular death, stro... |
A 39-year - old male patient was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of inability to extend his right knee after an epileptic convulsion that occurred at rest . The patient had a history of left patellar tendon (pt) rupture from the patellar insertion during previous epileptic seizures at rest and underwent two ope... |
Alopecia or hair loss is a common and distressing problem that has a significant impact on quality of life . It is often met with feelings of grief, loss of self - confidence, and low self - esteem . About 40% of patients felt dissatisfied with the way in which their doctor dealt with them . It is caused by any disrupt... |
The aric study is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of cardiovascular and other major diseases among 15,792 men and women aged 4564 years at baseline (19871989) and selected from four u.s . Communities: forsyth county, nc; jackson, ms; the northwestern suburbs of minneapolis, mn; and washington county, md . By desig... |
During september december 2013, a total of 1,097 blood and spleen samples were collected from diseased or dead animals on corsica; the samples were sent to the french national reference laboratory at agence nationale de scurit sanitaire (maisons - alfort, france) to be tested for the presence of btv . Rna was extracted... |
Trichilemmal cyst (tc) is benign adnexal tumor that arises from outer root sheath of the hair follicle . It usually presents as an asymptomatic firm nodule, which at times can be slightly painful . A 24-year - old male presented with painful multiple, slow growing yellowish white swelling on the scalp . The first swell... |
Tooth sensitivity can be a result of periodontal treatment, or inappropriate brushing habits causing gingival recession . It can be treated with invasive methods including periodontal surgery, pulpectomy and laser therapy, or with non - invasive treatments including the application of dentin bonding agents and use of d... |
Inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds), including crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc), are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract . Cd may be patchy, segmental, and typically transmural inflammation in the gut, which is characterized by the aggregation of macrophages that frequently form n... |
Tobacco is an only legally available product that kills people.1 tobacco use is a risk factor for 6 of the 8 leading causes of death.2 every 6 s, 1 person dies as the result of tobacco consumption in the world.3 if the current trends continue and necessary actions are not taken tobacco - induced attributable deaths are... |
Lifestyle modifications, including dietary habits, have substantial effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension . Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that diets rich in fruits and vegetables benefit heart and vascular health . Molecularly, these beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables ... |
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) were separated from the edta - blood collected from the pair of monozygotic twins . Both twins were 15 years old at the time of blood collection . In addition, it was around 7 years since the hiv infection occurred in hiv infected twin without receiving any anti - retrovirus t... |
Continuity of care and maternity servicesacross many areas of health care, continuity of care is often cited as a major element in patient satisfaction, improving communications and helping to establish greater trust and a willingness to confide in the professional carer . Health professionals also value continuity of ... |
Tumoral calcinosis, an ectopic calcification occasionally seen in haemodialysis patients, is characterized by massive periarticular deposition of calcium (ca) and phosphorus (p), and various factors are involved in its pathogenesis of tumoral calcinosis such as secondary hyperparathyroidism and adynamic bone disease . ... |
Rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased incidence of cardiovascular (cv) events . Besides a genetic component and classic (traditional) cv risk factors, chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of atherogenesis in patients... |
Renal transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with end - stage renal disease . Fortunately, this treatment is available, even for poor people, in developing countries (1); in these countries, however, the way forward should be increasing the quality and expanding the knowledge of transplantation me... |
Pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery (sta) are rare but potentially serious vascular lesions . Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent thromboembolism, rupture, or skin necrosis.14)19) sta pseudoaneurysms are most often complications arising from blunt head trauma, however, penetrating head ... |
Finland (population 5.2 million) has five tertiary - care hospitals, with well - defined catchment populations of 0.71 to 1.66 million . Since 1995, all clinical microbiology laboratories in finland have reported all bacterial and fungal isolations from blood, including candida spp . Detection and species determination... |
The deposited data can be found at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. The data consists of three studies . The first study contains the sv srnas isolated using the standard procedure (srs1523467). The second study contains the sv srnas from svs that had an additional immuno - affinity purification step prior to rna extrac... |
Inflammation is an important host response triggered by invading pathogens or damaged tissues, a response that is aimed at diluting or destroying the pathogens or isolating the involved site . Moderate inflammatory response contributes to the host defense by removing pathogens or aiding in the repair of damaged tissue ... |
The patients were followed from the day of hospitalization until either the time of the outcome or the end of the study s observational period (1 april 2011). We excluded patients with either <3 months of follow - up data or type 1 diabetes . The study protocol was approved by the faculty of medicine ethics committee o... |
Coccyx is the most distal part of the spine and is generally formed of four, and sometimes five, segments . Anatomically, there is a relationship with the fifth sacral and coccygeal nerve root and the terminal sympathetic plexus, and it is connected to the pelvic muscles . Pain occurring in the coccyx region is known a... |
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (lch), previously known as histiocytosis x, encompasses a spectrum of diseases with diverse clinical presentations and is characterized by proliferation and accumulation of pathological langerhans cells in various organ systems . The incidence of lch is very low in the whole population and... |
The devotion to one's parents has been displayed in various cultures throughout time and, as such, has usually included the care of one's parents in old age . In colonial times, the care of frail aged persons was primarily the responsibility of the family . Today in the west, elderly people are primarily cared for in h... |
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the world, and ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world . Inherited mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (brca1) [mim 113705] and breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (brca2) [mim 600185] are associated with a high risk of developing breast... |
Two lff strains of ramalina farinacea (ch050010: chinese lichen, 40403: korean lichen) and one lff strain of ramalina fastigiata (h06127: hungarian lichen) were obtained from korean lichen and allied bioresource bank . Isolation by tissue culture method and confirmation by its sequence analysis of the lff were previous... |
Malignant lymphoma is the generic term given to tumors of the lymphoid system and these are divided into two major categories: hodgkin's lymphoma (hl) and non - hl (nhl). Nhl usually involves the lymph nodes but can involve extranodal sites and can occur in the stomach, skin, lung, salivary glands and rarely in the mou... |
Polymer light emitting devices (pleds) have attracted much attention in recent years, due to their potential applicability to flat, large area displays [1 - 3]. Major important technological issues related to commercial applications are the quantum efficiency, device stability and easy fabrication . Among the conjugate... |
The sellar region can be affected by a variety of cystic lesions, including neoplastic craniopharyngioma, non - neoplastic rathke cleft cyst, and arachnoid cyst . Distinction among the different forms before surgery is often difficult, because the symptoms, signs, and biochemical and imaging features of these lesions c... |
Serum samples of 230 age - matched subjects (131 male, including 59 with type 2 diabetes, and 99 female, including 45 with type 2 diabetes) were collected by the department of endocrinology, diabetes and nutrition and the department of nephrology both of charit - universittsmedizin berlin, campus benjamin franklin, ber... |
Lumbar spinal stenosis (lss), in which narrowing of the spinal canal results in pressure on nerves in the back and leg, affects as many as 38.8% of adults 60 years and older in the united states.1 as the population ages, the prevalence of lss is likely to increase, resulting in an increased need for management of this ... |
Primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) is characterized by asymmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle and septum, without underlying cardiac or vascular abnormalities (richardson et al . 1996) the prevalence of primary hcm is 0.2% in the general population and in about 60% of the cases a mutation is identified i... |
Bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) has been widely applied as a routine tool in laboratories of respiratory disease 1 . The bal technique is safe and minimally invasive, and the presence of cell patterns can support clinical diagnosis in the absence of biopsy or when the clinical feature is compatible 2, 3 . However, the app... |
The incidence of unicuspid aortic valve (uav) is 0.02% in adult population, and unlike the bicuspid aortic valve, there are no familial cases reported . Unicuspid valves are more prone to bulky calcification, early, presentation of symptoms, and faster progression . There are no diagnostic criteria of the guidelines fo... |
We investigated 111 st1 gbs isolates collected by the toronto invasive bacterial diseases network during 20092015 . This network is a population - based surveillance system for invasive bacterial diseases in metropolitan toronto and peel region, ontario, canada (total population under surveillance 5.5 million) that inc... |
Lapatinib is a low - molecular tyrosine - kinase inhibitor, highly bound to erbb / her-1 and erbb-2/her-2 receptors of epidermal growth factor . Both her-1 and her-2 undergo overexpression in the case of various neoplasms, including breast cancer, which represents a significant point of escape from targeted therapies .... |
Over the last two decades, iran has achieved significant success in terms of birth control, though in the meantime, it has faced many failures as such many reports reveal about one - third of unwanted pregnancies in tehran, the capital of iran . The unwanted pregnancy is one of the most important social health problems... |
The 2014 caramel apple listeriosis outbreak infected 35 people across the united states and one additional person in canada; seven deaths were reported, with listeriosis directly causing three of the deaths (1, 2). The outbreak took producers, public health officials, and food safety experts by surprise: caramel - coat... |
Transurethral resection of the prostate (turp) is considered the reference standard in the surgical therapy of symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction (boo) secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy (bph) between 30 and 80 ml . Recently, various studies have dealt with the introduction of new surgical laser therapy tech... |
Rapid prototyping (rp) models obtained by additive manufacturing, which were initially described in the 1990s by mankovich, are based on medical imaging (ct scans, cbct, mri, ultrasounds) and represent portions of human anatomy at a scale of 1:1 . The 4 major rp technologies are stereolithography (sl), selective laser ... |
The delayed setting, there is often significant scarring, and traditionally these injuries have been repaired through a standard open surgical approach . However, the expansion of laparoscopic and robotic pelvic surgery suggests a role for minimally invasive approaches to the delayed repair of ureteral injuries . We pr... |
Aspergillus is a genus of fungus, which has significant impact on human and animal welfare worldwide . Among this group are potent pathogens (13) causing invasive diseases, allergens, mycotoxin producers causing crop spoilage (4), as well as species used to our benefit in the food and drinks industries (57). Given the ... |
The classical philadelphia negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (mpns) encompass mainly essential thrombocythemia (et), polycythemia vera (pv), and myelofibrosis 1 . These diseases are clonal, as evidenced by mutations such as the jak2v617, mpl, and calr 25 . The clinical mpn - phenotype is often accompanied b... |
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activities, is vastly used in the treatment of gram - negative bacterial infections . It has been shown that up to 30% of people who receive a course of gentamicin treatment develop some symptoms of nephrotoxicity (1, 2). Although the exact mechanism of g... |
Femoroacetabular impingement (fai) is a common cause of hip pathology characterized by post activity groin pain and joint stiffness due to the abnormal repetitive contact between the femoral head / neck and the acetabular rim . Extra - articular causes of hip impingement have been increasingly recognized with abnormal ... |
Parathyroid carcinoma is the least common endocrine malignancy and accounted for only 0.005% of cases reported to the national cancer database (ncdb) between 1985 and 1995 . Due to its rarity, patients usually present with a severe form of hyperparathyroidism at diagnosis, such as bone disease (brown tumors, subperiost... |
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