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Pathogenicity within the genus yersinia typically relies on the presence of the virulence plasmid pyv encoding a type 3 secretion system (t3ss). The enteropathogenic species yersinia enterocolitica is subdivided into nonpathogenic (biotype 1a), high - pathogenic (biotype 1b) and low - pathogenic (biotypes 25) represent... |
Obesity has always been thought to be a risk factor for diabetes and maximum numbers of diabetics are obese; however, some studies in india have reported that most of the diabetics in india have normal range of body mass index and have reported a high prevalence of lean diabetics . The aim of this study was to find out... |
The success of transplantation largely depends on the compatibility of human leukocyte antigens (hla). Hla is also known as the main histocompatibility complex, which is encoded by highly polymorphic set of genes located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (chr 6p21.1 - 6p21.3), and play a key role in the immune system . ... |
It is a rare condition in children with only few cases been reported in literature . We report a case of bronchobiliary fistula which occurred as a complication of ruptured liver abscess and this complication has not been reported earlier . A 3-year - old girl presented with complaints of fever, cough and respiratory d... |
An 18-year - old female patient was referred from the department of prosthodontics regarding inadequate clinical crown heights for full mouth prosthetic rehabilitation . On intra - oral examination, the patient revealed short clinical crowns, occlusal wear with exposed dentin in the posterior teeth, and asymmetry of th... |
In the previous issue of critical care, caille and colleagues evaluated the ability of transthoracic echocardiography (tte) to predict cardiac - related weaning failure and to assess the hemodynamic changes before and 30 minutes after the start of a spontaneous breathing trial (sbt). The authors measured maximal veloci... |
The atrioventricular node (avn) is an area of specialized tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart and specifically acts as an electrical relay station for electrical impulses, passing from the atria to the ventricles . The arterial blood supply of the avn, which is quite variable, was the topic of anat... |
The term heterotopic pancreas is used to describe ectopic pancreatic tissue lying outside its normal location with no anatomic or vascular connection to the pancreas.1 these lesions are also termed ectopic pancreas, pancreatic rest, or aberrant pancreas . They are typically discovered incidentally during endoscopy, sur... |
Breast cancer (bc) is the second most common cancer diagnosed in american women and is also the second leading cause of cancer death in women [1, 2]. It is estimated that, in the developed world, one in eight women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime [3, 4]. Bc lethality is mainly caused by metastasis, which acc... |
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by reduction in bone mass and micro architectural changes in the bone, which leads to an increased bone fragility and an increased risk of fracture . Osteoporosis results from an imbalance between the rate of bone formation and resorption that leads to loss of bone miner... |
Furcation involvements present difficult treatment problems due to the complex morphology of the area, which is considered as one of the challenging aspects of periodontal therapy [12]. The final goal associated with periodontal therapies was the supporting apparatus replacement through the process of cementum, periodo... |
Metabolomics is the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic responses of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modifications . Metabolomics is based on the determination of global metabolite profiles in biological fluids and tissues with subsequent data analysis via a range o... |
Ginseng is a long - living perennial plant that is highly valued in herbal medicine . It has been used for over 2,000 years in some east asian countries, such as korea, china, japan, and vietnam . The most important biologically active compounds in ginseng are called ginsenosides, which are chemically described as gins... |
Homeostatic model assessment (homa) is a method for assessing -cell function and insulin resistance (ir) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or c - peptide concentrations . The homeostasis model assessment (homa) for ir (homa - ir) derives estimates of insulin sensitivity from the mathematical modeling of fasting ... |
Allergen - specific immunotherapy (sit) has been used to treat ige - mediated rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and venom hypersensitivity for almost a century . The clinical efficacy of sit has been shown in several randomized, prospective, double blind placebo - controlled studies [15]. A number of studies have shown that... |
End - stage renal disease (esrd) is an important health problem worldwide (1). In iran, the prevalence and incidence rates of esrd increased from 49.9 cases per million people in 2000 to 63.8 cases per million people in 2006, an almost 28% increase over six years (2). Hemodialysis patients have several physical and psy... |
Tubulin / microtubule - interacting drugs are used successfully for treatment of a wide variety of human cancers . They are commonly classified into two major categories: microtubule - stabilizing (e.g., taxanes and epothilones) and microtubule - destabilizing drugs (e.g., vinca alkaloids and colchicine). Three major b... |
These become more apparent in pathological conditions such as vascular occlusive diseases6,8,16). For example, diminished flow in the basilar artery (ba) or vertebral artery (va) without any symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency suggested that posterior circulation was supplied from single or multiple collaterals f... |
The standard recommendation for the surgical correction of hydrosalpinx before in vitro fertilization (ivf) assumes that the patient is a suitable candidate for laparoscopy . For example, extensive pelvic adhesions and an increased risk for bowel injury may make abdominal access unsafe or difficult for some patients . ... |
Because cavefish are blind, it was impossible to use the classical mirror test that most researchers working on agonistic behavior use; so we used a resident - intruder assay modified from espinasa and colleagues (fig ., we counted the number of attacks between the two fish, and the patterns of attacks along the one ho... |
The use of mathematical models and computer simulations in engineering, hydrology, and various fields in the process of decision making is progressively gaining more acceptances . Models are useful tools for representing the detailed and complex real world with a more simple and understandable structure and can be used... |
The process of dna methylation at the 5-carbon position of cytosine is a critical epigenetic mechanism in the regulation of gene expression . 5-methylcytosine constitutes 28% of all cytosines in human genomic dna and impacts a broad range of biological functions and pathological processes including gene expression, mai... |
Roku ycia zwizane jest z wyszym ryzykiem i niesie ze sob wiksze wyzwania ze strony caego personelu medycznego . Przedstawienie wczesnych i odlegych wynikw leczenia kardiochirurgicznego choroby wiecowej i wady aortalnej u pacjentw powyej 80 . Roku ycia . Badan grup stanowio 96 chorych w wieku powyej 80 lat, ktrych w okr... |
The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm - iv - tr) includes panic disorder (pd) with agoraphobia among its list of anxiety disorders . Panic attacks are described as a period of intense fear or anxiety accompanied by somatic and psychological symptoms . These symptoms include a lack of breath, ta... |
The natural history of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (pcv) is variable and may be benign or result in permanent visual morbidity.1 treatment of pcv is indicated if their central involvement, particularly if one eye has lost perception of color vision . Current treatment modalities include vascular endothelial growt... |
Animals and peritoneal macrophages - swiss and c3h / hej mice were obtained from north fluminense state university (uenf) and oswaldo cruz foundation animal facility, respectively . Peritoneal washes were performed on male mice (25 - 30 g) using hank s solution and the resident macrophages were seeded on glass coversli... |
Relapsing fever is an infection spread by the vectors of lice and ticks (jump et al . The most important agent is b. persica, which causes the large majority of human cases and has the widest distribution (dschunkowsky 1913, baltazard et al . 1950, colin de verdire et al . 2011). In eurasia, dschunkowsky (1913) was the... |
A total of eight, eight - week - old male sprague - dawley rats were used in this study . Then the tissues from the cerebrum, cerebellum, left ventricular free wall, whole atrial tissue, psoas muscle, femoral muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and aorta were immediately collected and divided into several small pieces . Tis... |
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40121 - 013 - 0022 - 6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . Vancomycin has long been the workhorse agent for management of infections due to methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa); however, its clinical use is limited b... |
Chronic kidney disease (ckd) is a growing public health problem [14] with evidence pointing to an increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide [5, 6]. However, it is grossly underdiagnosed in nigeria and other developing countries . The hospital frequency in nigeria ranges between 1.6 and 8% of hospital admissions . A... |
Endodontically treated teeth have decreased moisture content and suffer coronal destruction from dental caries, which reduces stiffness leading to fractures from previously existing restorations.1 this results in an increase in the likelihood of fracture of treated tooth during the function . The restoration of the pul... |
Pregnancy luteoma is a rare nonneoplastic tumor - like lesion of the ovary that was first described by sternberg and barclay in 1966, and to date, fewer than 200 cases have been reported in literature . It is usually discovered incidentally at the time of a cesarean section or during postpartum tubal ligation . An accu... |
To promote the osteoblast responses to titanium (ti) oral implants, the effects of surface microgrooves on in vitro cell behaviors have been reported extensively . Ti surface microgrooves were reported to induce changes in cell morphology, 1 cell - substratum adhesion,2 and gene expression3 in vitro . Microgrooves were... |
A central goal of quantum chemistry is to elucidate mechanisms and energetics of reactions . Both can be obtained from minimum (free) energy paths connecting reactants to products . Methods such as conjugate peak refinement, the nudged elastic band, the string method, and transition path sampling refine a guess for the... |
Severe acute malnutrition (sam) affects nearly 20 million children under five and contributes to one million child deaths yearly [1, 2]. Severe wasting (marasmus) is defined as weight - for - height (wh) below 3 standard deviations (sd or z - scores) or mid - upper arm circumference (muac) <115 mm [24]. A child with sa... |
Stress is said to influence the host defenses, exerting an immunosuppressive effect, increasing one's vulnerability to disease. [24] cytokines and other humoral mediators of inflammation are potent activators of the central stress response, and the glucocorticoids released via this mechanism might regulate the recruitm... |
Autism spectrum disorders (asd) are defined as a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in communication and social interactions along with restrictive and repetitive behaviors . The incidence of asd in the united states is currently estimated to be 1 in 68 individuals, and it ... |
The study setting was kpnc, which provides comprehensive medical services through 14 delivery hospitals and 23 outpatient clinics to> 3 million members located in a 14-county region of northern california . The demographic make - up of the kpnc membership is well representative of the population living in the geographi... |
The experimental protocols used in this study were approved by the committee on animal research at our institution . Fifteen dogs (12 - 16 months in age, 16 - 20 kg each, 10 males and 5 females) were infected with the metacercariae of p. westermani isolated from the muscles and gills of the freshwater crayfish, cambaro... |
Gastric cancer (gc) is the third most common cause of cancerrelated mortality worldwide, and has a particularly high incidence in asian countries including china and japan . Although the incidence of gastric cancer has been reduced in certain developed countries over the past few decades, there are still over 1 million... |
Here, we describe a patient who presented with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (aion) and subsequently developed uveitis . A 69-year - old man was referred to our hospital and initially presented with best - corrected visual acuities (bcva) of 20/40 (right eye) and 20/1000 (left eye) and relative afferent pupillary ... |
Carbon dioxide (co2) is the major anthropogenic greenhouse gas (ghg) and its atmospheric concentration has risen by approximately 100 parts per million since the industrial revolution . With current co2 accumulation rates, global temperatures are predicted to increase between 1.4c and 5.8c by the end of this century . ... |
Melt glycerin jelly in a 55 c degree water bath for 20 - 30 minutes until it becomes a homogenous liquid . Swirl, but do not shake the bottle to avoid the formation of bubbles . While the jelly melts, apply a thin layer of glycerol using a kimwipe on a clean glass slide (optional). Pipette 1 to 1.5 ml of melted glyceri... |
The flowering plants are extremely diverse in their morphology, growth habit, environmental adaptation, and nuclear genome content . Plant genomes tend to be large and complex, varying in size from 125 million base pairs (mbp) for arabidopsis thaliana to 124,852 mbp for fritillaria assyriaca . Despite so much diversity... |
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both . The chronic hyperglycemia is associated with long - term damage, dysfunction, and failure of normal functioning of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerv... |
Parent radionuclide, tungsten-188 (w-188) with a half life equal to 69.4 d, is produced in a nuclear reactor by irradiation of tungsten oxide, 96.07% enrichment in tungsten-188 (w-188) with thermal and high energy neutrons . The decay chain from a 100% pure target w-186 according to neutron flux and irradiation time sh... |
Tooth whitening continues to be a rapidly growing area in esthetic dentistry because tooth color and brightness is so important for patients . Dentists apply various treatment methods for this purpose such as microabrasion, macroabrasion and bleaching . Nowadays, the whitening effects of these toothpastes are usually a... |
The development and progression of atherosclerosis involves the immune response and inflammation . Among the major markers of inflammation are two proteins of the pentraxin superfamily: the acute phase proteins c - reactive protein (crp) and pentraxin 3 (ptx3). The pentraxins are acute phase proteins comprising five un... |
Gigantomastia is a breast disorder marked by exaggerated rapid growth of the breasts, generally bilaterally . Since this disorder is very rare and has been reported only in sparse case reports its etiology has yet to be fully established . Treatment is aimed at improving the clinical and psychological symptoms and redu... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a common disease in denmark because of the very high smoking prevalence among both men and women in the past 5 decades . The prevalence of copd in denmark is thus, among the highest in the western world . It has been estimated that ~400,000 of the total population of ~5.5... |
Characterization of gabab1j cdna and mrna an oligo(dt) primed double - stranded cdna made from the cortex / cerebellum of 7-day - old rats (34) was screened with a p - labeled sd - specific cdna hybridization probe as described (27). For northern blot analysis, total rna was isolated from mouse brain and cultured mouse... |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm) is commonly associated with obesity and results from defects in insulin secretion and/or diminished sensitivity of target tissues to insulin action . They participate in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, therefore, to directly control the expression of a large portion o... |
Controlled release drug delivery systems have been the research hot spot for the formulation scientists from the last few decades . These delivery systems became popular due to their sustained release and reduction in dosage frequency which leads to the patient compliance . A number of design approaches were available ... |
Olmesartan, an angiotensin ii receptor antagonist, is commonly used to control benign hypertension 1 . Recently, three cases series 2, 3, 4 and several case reports 5, 6 reported that olmesartan could induce severe spruelike enteropathy revealed by chronic diarrhea with malabsorption syndrome and weight loss . In these... |
From october 2009 through june 2010, fecal specimens from patients affected by 194 outbreaks from 21 states were submitted to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc, atlanta, ga, usa); 39 (20%) of the viruses were typed as gii.12 by phylogenetic analysis by using region d sequences (5). During the same per... |
Oral and pharyngeal cancers grouped together are the sixth most common cancers in the world . The most recent estimated world incidence of oral cancer is around 263,861 new cases for the year of 2008 . In portugal in the same year, oral cancer was the 6th most frequent cancer in males, with 777 new cases (age - standar... |
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065 - 015 - 0131 - 2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users . The solubility of organic compounds in 1-octanol is important because of its direct relationship to the partition coefficient logp used in pharmacology and environmental che... |
A cross - sectional study conducted on 296 women aged more than 34-year - old at winter of 2014 in qom, center of iran . The study population was women that referring to health centers for seeking the health cares . To select a random sample, multistage sampling method was used . First according to cluster sampling, th... |
Gutta - percha, used since 18676, is the most commonly employed material due to its biocompatibility, dimensional stability, plasticity, and ease of removal when necessary . Gutta - percha cones consist mainly of gutta - percha and zinc oxide11,16,20 in variable ratios, depending on the manufacturing methods . Gurgel -... |
Diagnostic approaches in cases of pediatric gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding and anemia depend on the patient s age and individual characteristics . Various etiologies, including anal fissure, intussusception, meckel s diverticulum, infection, henoch - schonlein purpura, and juvenile polyps, are responsible for gi bleedi... |
It is a substrate for the enzyme family of glutathione s - transferases, which catalyze the formation of glutathione conjugates of xenobiotics to facilitate their transport and detoxification (2). Stores of gsh are also a significant source of reduction equivalents, e.g., for reactions of the glutathione peroxidases (g... |
In a recent issue of critical care, van de louw and haouzi report on the effects of lethal hemorrhage on blood and tissue levels of hydrogen sulfide (h2s). The role of h2s during hemorrhage is a matter of debate: while both inhaled h2s and intravenous sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfide improved survival [2 - 4], ot... |
Obesity, which involves chronic low - grade inflammation, has become a global epidemic . This poses a large health burden, because excess adiposity can lead to an array of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease and high blood pressure . Obesity is associated with an abnormal increase i... |
Congenital esophageal stenosis (ces) is a rare, yet significant entity because of its clinical manifestation and its association with tracheoesophageal fistula (tef) or esophageal atresia (ea).1 the incidence of ces is estimated at 1 in 25,000 to 50,000 live births.2 there is associated ea in one - third of the cases; ... |
Diabetes is a fast - growing global problem, and diabetic retinopathy (dr) is the leading cause of blindness among americans over 40-year old [13]. Nearly all patients with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes will develop dr [46]. Diabetic retinopathy is a dual disorder with microvascular co... |
A 53-year - old woman visited the department of rheumatology with the chief complaint of a 3-day history of fever and chills and also presented with pain occuring in both knees at the time of the outpatient visit . The patient's past history included no notable medical and surgical findings . Upon hematology performed ... |
To present a rare case of retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) rupture following yag laser posterior capsulotomy (yag pc) in a patient with exudative age - related macular degeneration (amd). An 85-year - old pseudophakic male patient on ranibizumab 0.5 mg/0.05 ml treatment due to exudative amd received yag pc for dense po... |
Nitrate and nitrite when ingested by human beings may have a negative impact on health . Nitrate is transformed to nitrite by the action of certain microorganisms present in the intestine . Then it may transform hemoglobin to methemoglobin by oxidizing fe (ii) present in the former substance to fe (iii). Methemoglobin ... |
Epidemiological studies purport that the use of certain antibiotics during pregnancy increases susceptibility to vulvo - vaginal candidiasis [1, 2]. This condition is generally believed to result from the suppression of a bacterial flora in the face of antibacterial drugs that fail to inhibit candida, resulting in its ... |
Multilevel cervical myelopathy is usually treated by posterior approaches . Laminectomy permits adequate decompression of the cervical spinal cord and is safely and easily performed but is associated with progressive spinal instability and kyphosis [1, 2]. In recent years, laminoplasty has been widely performed with fa... |
Sic nanomaterials have promising applications in electronics and photonics owing to their attractive optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties . In particular, sic nanorods have excellent mechanical and field emission properties, which find potential applications in various nanocomposite materials and in ... |
Atrial fibrillation (af) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and an important source of mortality and morbidity on a population level . More than 6 million people in europe are affected and this is expected to double during the next 3050 years . The estimated lifetime risk of developing af is one in four for the po... |
Residence in antarctica exposes humans working in the research bases to extremes of weather and photoperiod, in addition to geographic and social isolation . The annual average solar radiation decreases with increasing latitude, and this difference is marked during winter than in midsummer in the circumpolar regions . ... |
The middle aortic syndrome (mas) is an uncommon lesion characterized by severe aortic narrowing in the descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, or both . Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic, autoimmune, and potentially progressive inflammatory disease of large vessels with a preference for the aorta and its major bran... |
The potential synergistic effect of multiple dietary and inactivity behaviours on the risk of chronic conditions, as obesity, and other health outcomes is a key issue for public health . Many adolescents fail to meet a wide diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour recommendations, highlighting the need to achie... |
The ear, nose, and throat (ent) represent a natural habitat for a broad range of microorganisms such as commensal bacteria as well as potential pathogens . However, these bacteria can sometimes find their way to overcome the defense barriers of such locations and establish chronic infections that poses a challenge to b... |
Neurological complications due to spinal anesthesia are dysesthesia, paresthesia, cauda equina syndrome, and neuropathic joint . However, neurological complications are rare . We report a case of neuropathic joint of knee as a complication of syrinx following postspinal anesthesia . A 33-year - old female came with com... |
Those affected suffer from the direct results of mutations in the cftr gene, causing cftr dysfunction . This leads to increased viscosity of their secretions leading, in many cases, to recurrent lung infections, pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus . These factors are associated with a reduced life expectancy... |
Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (psh) is a rare benign tumor which was first described by liebow and hubbell . Psh is generally considered as benign tumor, but some reports suggested the malignant potential of this tumor . The optimal surgical strategy for treating psh has not been established . The purpose of this stu... |
Daily inactivity of young children is a major problem of societies all over the world . Numerous studies proved a connection of children s activities with their future health status and the trend of progressive inactivity and obesity of children . Inactivity or lack of proper physical activity in childhood can result i... |
Over the past ten years the involvement of glasgow's community pharmacists in the area's methadone maintenance program has increased dramatically . In 1993 a major review of drugs services in glasgow suggested that the high prevalence of injecting drug use prior to 1993 was because, before that date, little use was mad... |
The mastoid pneumatization begins on the 33 week of embryonic life, and continuous up to 8 - 9 years of age . Pneumatic cellular expansion into the remainder of the temporal bone occurs until after birth, with the stimulation caused by the presence of air within the middle ear . The pneumatizing process then goes into ... |
Infertile couples make up approximately 10% of the worldwide population of reproductive age, and assisted reproductive technologies (art) currently account for 1.2% of total us live births, and up to 4% in some european countries (nygren and andersen, 2002; schieve et al ., 2009). Current estimates indicate the cumulat... |
Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659 - 013 - 0024 - 9 and is accessible for authorized users. |
Symptoms of dryness and discomfort are often cited as major factors related to the discontinuation of contact lens wear.18 dropout rates reported in the literature range from 15.9%34%.1,5,8,9 despite the innovation of contact lens materials for daily wear / frequent replacement (ie, silicone hydrogels), the contact len... |
Health care systems not included in conventional medicine are known as complementary and alternative medicine (cam). Earlier cam practitioners based their practice on tradition and intuition but recently they have been influenced by available evidence . Education and training were required to improve a cam practitioner... |
The use of oocyte freezing for fertility preservation is becoming more widely practiced.1 although there is evidence that the success rates of oocyte cryopreservation and subsequent thaw cycles appear to approach that of a fresh in vitro fertilization (ivf) cycle (coupled with reports of numerous live births), oocyte c... |
Each year, an estimated 350,000 infants, mostly in low - resource countries, acquire human immunodeficiency virus infection from their mothers [1, 2]. Resource - limited countries in sub - saharan africa continue to bear the greatest burden of maternal to child transmission and account for the highest number of new ped... |
Przepuklina pucna definiowana jest jako przemieszczenie si tkanki pucnej pokrytej opucn cienn poza prawidowe granice jamy opucnej przez patologiczne otwory w cianie klatki piersiowej . Przeprowadzajc zabiegi torakochirurgiczne, autorzy korzystali z rnych metod rekonstrukcji ciany klatki piersiowej i naprawy zamanych eb... |
The history of tobacco use in india can be traced back to almost 400 years . The etiologic role of gutkha, a prepackaged mixture of areca nut, tobacco, slaked lime and flavoring agents in oral precancer and cancer is well documented.1 currently, available nicotine replacement therapy (nrt) products like chewing gums, t... |
There are reasonable indications that in children with asthma who are on long - term therapy of inhaled antiasthmatic drugs (iad) there is an increased risk of caries . In various studies that have investigated the impact of iad on oral health has been demonstrated increased prevalence of caries in asthmatic compared t... |
A bone scan or bone scintigraphy is a nuclear scanning test to find certain abnormalities in bone that are triggering the bone's attempts to heal . It is primarily used to help diagnose a number of conditions relating to bones, including: cancer of the bone or cancers that have spread (metastasized) to the bone, locati... |
The expression " early childhood caries " (ecc) is used to refer to any stage of caries lesion in any surface of primary teeth of children up to 71 months of age7,11 . The national survey carried out in 2002 - 20032 revealed a caries prevalence of 26.8% among 18 - 36-month - old brazilian children, and 23.2% among the ... |
Alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common form of dementia; it is the sixth leading cause of death in the united states . More than 10% of americans over age 65 suffer from ad, and it is predicted that the prevalence of ad will triple within next 50 years [13]. Currently, no known medicine exists for curing ad, but a... |
From may 4, 2009, through october 31, 2010, participants received an automatically generated weekly email link to the online questionnaire, which asked whether they had experienced fever or cough and how many days they had been absent from work or normal duties because of these signs (recruitment details in 2,3; locati... |
Inflammation is one of the body innate immune responses and is mainly mediated by macrophages . When viruses or bacteria infect the body, significant cooperation among macrophages, dendritic cells, b cells, and t cells various inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines (e.g., tumor - necrosis - factor- (tnf-)), chemokin... |
Silicon plays an important role in applications such as semiconductor devices, sensors, mechanical elements, and electronics . Mechanical properties of si, however, became a research focus only in the past few years owing to the development of the silicon on insulator (soi) technology and microelectromechanical systems... |
Cyclophosphamide - based chemotherapy is a well - known agent triggering second malignancies in many patients . Similarly, radiation - induced cancers, mainly sarcomas are commonly seen at sites that have been included in radiation fields . Studies have shown a definite association between treatment for lymphoma and de... |
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