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Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is a noninvasive tool that provides a window into the brain and spinal cord in both health and disease . Mri has revolutionized clinical diagnosis, but it is also a valuable tool for laboratory investigation . Animal models of neurological injury or disease provide a platform to underst... |
Staphylococcal bipartite leukotoxins and -toxin belong to a single family of structurally related -stranded pore - forming toxins (figure 1). Leukotoxins are constituted by a class s protein (32 kd) that binds to the surface of target cells prior to a class f protein (34 kd) distinct in sequence . Then, these proteins ... |
In fact, there is currently no widely accepted conceptualization that portrays the numerous influences that together make a patient more or less complex . Patient complexity from any source may affect process or outcomes of care, resulting in the need to adjust care plans . Clinical guidelines have become essential too... |
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (rrp) is a rare disease in which multiple exophytic squamous wart - like lesions occur within the respiratory tract . Although generally considered to be a pediatric disease, rrp frequently manifests itself in adulthood . Human papilloma virus (hpv) is the causative agent of rrp . O... |
Diabetes mellitus (dm) is one kind of metabolic syndromes characterized by chronic hyperglycemia . The cases of diabetes fall into two broad pathogenetic categories: type i and type ii diabetes mellitus (t1 dm and t2 dm). T2 dm, which is previously referred to as noninsulin - dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm), accoun... |
Acute renal failure following intoxication by mushrooms of the cortinarius sp . Has been described sporadically . Since the first reports were published in 1957 in poland, only a small number of cases with favourable outcome has been reported in the literature [2, 3], whereas approximately half of the patients with acu... |
Coronary heart disease (chd) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and death in the developed countries, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly in the developing countries . Chd is a type of complex disease caused by both environmental and genetic factors, as well as interactions among these factors . Chd may lea... |
Approximately 1115% of pregnancies result in spontaneous first - trimester miscarriage and for some women, it could be quite traumatic experience physically as well as psychologically . Many women want to get over it and therefore are quite keen on active management; either medical or surgical; however, a sizeable perc... |
Emotional face processing is an innate and universal ability that is integral to the acquisition of social skills (ekman & friesen, 1971; meltzoff & moore, 1977). The human face is the most important visual stimulus for human social interactions . The ability to extract the significance of expressive faces is critical ... |
Mays) has long been the number one production crop in the united states, and in 2001 it also became number one in the world . As maize is economically important and also serves as a model organism for genetics research, it is one of the most highly researched organisms in existence . The maize genome has an especially ... |
Cryptococcosis, an environmentally acquired fungal infection, remains a major cause of opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in sub - saharan africa . Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (cm) the most common form of cryptococcosis is the most severe and life - threatening fungal infection... |
Chronic exposure to low levels of lead causes high blood pressure in human and laboratory animals which persists after cessation of lead exposure . The mechanism is not completely understood, but it seems to be related to generation of free radicals, oxidant agents such as ros, and decrease of available nitric oxide (n... |
Non - alcoholic steatohepatitis (nash) is a progressive form of non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld)., it is estimated that 20 - 30% of the population has nafld; whereas, the prevalence of nash in the same population is estimated at 2 - 3% . The growing incidence of nafld, and subsequently nash, will almost cert... |
Anesthesiologists are occasionally called to provide anesthesia to patients presenting for a stat cesarean section . In the presence of a functioning labor epidural, it is not uncommon to inject a bolus of local anesthetic through the epidural catheter in the labor room or during the transfer . However, the whole pract... |
Pulmonary actinomycosis is a difficult clinical condition to diagnose even by experienced physicians . Despite clues suggestive of the disease, delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis as tuberculosis, lung abscess, or lung carcinoma the disease is rare, showing a male preponderance, and may occur at any age; most patients ar... |
Mammalian embryos, like those of most animals, are initially sexually undifferentiated and can develop into either male or female individuals following one of two alternative processes . The paternal transmission of a y chromosome triggers testicular differentiation, whereas the presence of a paternal x chromosome push... |
The usual mode of injury is fall from height among industrial workers, in the rural villages of africa and the far east it is mostly due to fall from a tree or from a ladder . Seventy five percent of calcaneal fractures occur in men between 21 and 45 years of age, with the majority being in industrial workers; thus, th... |
Despite the well - documented success rates with metal - ceramic restorations, the limitations in biocompatibility and optical qualities have prompted the use of all - ceramic restorations.1 all - ceramic restorations, having no metal substructure, allow superior translucency and can be used in areas of high esthetic d... |
Ab interno trabeculotomy with trabectome is a generally safe surgical technique for glaucoma, in which the conventional outflow facility is increased through trabecular meshwork ablation . Recently, ahuja et al1 reported a 4.6% prevalence of spontaneous delayed - onset hyphema after this procedure . They postulated rap... |
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract originating from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells, which differentiate into the interstitial cajal cells.1 gists are mesenchymal cancer cells of the gastrointestinal tract . They are usually located in the upper ga... |
Central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pnet) are a heterogeneous group of embryonal tumors . These are rare tumors with only 36 cases recorded in literature with the peak incidence between six months to five years of age . Medulloepithelioma presenting in the older age group is extremely rare, and onl... |
This was a descriptive bibliometric study conducted by the medicine and health promotion institute, tehran, iran . The study was conducted in january to april 2009 . In one domestic report from this data which was published in persian, we ranked universities of iran, and we showed that tehran university of medical scie... |
The most common species in sub - saharan africa is plasmodium falciparum which is the most dangerous of the four human malaria parasites . It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like nigeria, with adverse effects seen more in children under 5 years and pregnant women the resu... |
Glutamatergic transmission leads to an increase of intracellular ca, and camp / cgmp levels triggering cascades that will ultimately lead to the phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factors camp responsive element binding protein (creb) and serum response factor (srf; figure 1). Activation of creb and/or... |
Transurethral resection of the prostate (turp) is the gold standard surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia . It remains the surgery of choice because of its proven long - term efficacy and durable outcomes . Turp has traditionally been performed with the monopolar (m - turp) system . In the past decade, th... |
Candidemia is the fourth most common microbial bloodstream infection . Since the 2000s, caspofungin and micafungin have been employed as first - line treatment and prophylaxis for invasive candidiasis . Increasing use of these drugs has led to the emergence of echinocandin resistance,, . Even though several case report... |
Most newborn infants are screened for hearing impairment prior to leaving the hospital . As a result, most parents are prepared for the choices of communication needs during this most important period of development . On the other hand, little attention is paid to the performance of the vestibular sensory system, whose... |
The chromatin in eukaryotic nuclei is clearly visible by microscopy during mitosis and meiosis as well - defined separate chromosomes, but chromosome and chromatin organization during interphase has been much harder to determine . It was predicted by early cytologists such as boveri and rabl that interphase chromosomes... |
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (pres), first described by hinchey et al . In 1996, is a clinical condition presenting with neurological symptoms including headache, seizures, altered sensorium, and loss of vision, and accompanied by characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (mri) findings which are potent... |
One serious intraoperative complication of cataract surgery occurs if the posterior capsule is damaged during phacoemulsification of the lens and the nucleus drops into the vitreous cavity . In such cases, a vitreous cutter or fragmatome must be used to extirpate the fragments of nucleus that have dropped into the vitr... |
The revolutionary concept of interfering with the growth of new blood vessels to prevent disease progression began in the field of cancer therapy (1). It was hypothesized that the growth of tumor cells could be significantly diminished if the tumour expression of pro - angiogenic proteins like vascular endothelial grow... |
Authors would like to acknowledge the support from defense micro electronic agency (dmea) at university of alaska, fairbanks. |
The childhood determinants of adult health study is a prospective cohort study (9,10). Baseline data were collected in 1985 on a representative sample of 8,498 children aged 715 years as part of the australian schools health and fitness survey . Children who were aged 9, 12, or 15 years underwent additional measurement... |
Short- to medium - term (i.e., 36 months) digital dermoscopic monitoring is recommended for the early detection of featureless melanomas [13]. High dynamic range (hdr) conversion of dermoscopic images is useful for the identification of dermoscopic structures, even by newly trained dermoscopists . A 48-year - old japan... |
Different thickness of translucent dentin tissue in changing proportions under the enamel is thought to be the main source of tooth color . The perceived tooth color is a result of returning light which are reflected from the enamel surface and transmitted inside the enamel and dentin.1 the commission internationale de... |
Isotopic tracers have different but important uses in metabolic research . Among the various approaches to stoichiometrical modeling of cell metabolism (llaneras and pico, 2008), c - metabolic flux analysis (c - mfa) is a method that combines a knowledge of cell metabolism with c - tracer experiments to analyze the in ... |
The cohesin complex mediates cohesion between sister chromatids during both mitosis and meiosis . According to the ring model, cohesin mediates sister chromatid cohesion by topologically entrapping sister chromatids . At the onset of anaphase, cohesin is cleaved by a protease called separase, which opens the cohesin ri... |
A 33-year - old male patient with history of fall from a balcony presented at the clinic with complaint of dizziness persisting for 2 months . He reported that after the traumatic incident, his left ear bled and he had discharge from left ear during subsequent 1 months . For approximately 20 days prior to presentation,... |
Spontaneous cerebellar hematoma represents 5 to 13% of all cases of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage5,8). One of the symptoms of cerebellar hematoma is acute hydrocephalus, which generally results from the fourth ventricular compression by severe cerebellar hematoma; however, it can easily be treated effectively by ... |
The importance of glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes has been well documented.1 current guidance in both the uk and the us recommends the use of selfmonitoring blood glucose (smbg) for both insulin and non - insulin treated type 2 diabetes.2,3 there is, however, continuing debate as to the role of smbg ... |
Genus arcanobacterium comprises the species arcanobacterium haemolyticum, arcanobacterium hippocoleae, arcanobacterium pluranimalium, and arcanobacterium phocae . More recently a. canis and a. phocisimile were described as novel species of this genus [2, 3]. Arcanobacterium pyogenes together with arcanobacterium bernar... |
The resistance of c. albicans species to antifungal agents can cause recurrent infections that affects approximately 5% of females who are getting infected at least four times a year (3, 4). The reason may because of some difficulties regarding an up growing incidence of resistant atypical candida species, as well as s... |
For the development of functional neural circuitry, the formation of synapses between appropriate partners is a critical step . The majority of excitatory synapses of postsynaptic neurons are localized in specialized cellular structures called dendritic spines . The formation, maturation, and maintenance of dendritic s... |
H - simps (1.6 m diameter) were fabricated as in 8, 14 . D - simps (1.0 m diameter, 400 nm thickness) were fabricated by newly developed protocols . Briefly, heavily doped p++ type (100) silicon wafers with resistivity of 0.005 ohm - cm (silicon quest, inc, santa clara, ca) were used as the silicon source . A 400 nm po... |
In the words of sir charles bell: on the length, strength, free lateral motion and perfect mobility of the thumb, depends the power of the human hand . The thumb is called pollex because of its strength: and that strength is necessary to the power of the hand, being equal to that of all the fingers . This is never true... |
In 1682, the first documented case of bone grafting was recorded in the anecdotal case history of church literature . Harvesting bone techniques and grafts are used to treat a myriad of pathologies including skeletal trauma, congenital defects, infectious diseases, and conditions associated with cancer . Harvesting tec... |
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (pnh) is a rare, life - threatening, hematological disorder characterized by hemolysis of the red blood cells due to activation of the complement system . The prevalence of the disease is estimated as 1 to 5 cases per million worlwide . Clinical triad of hemolytic anemia, bone marrow... |
Surgical resection has been a well - documented treatment modality in patients with partial epilepsy localized to the temporal lobe . While resection has lead to good postoperative seizure outcomes, it is not without risk . Contralateral superior quadrant visual field deficits are one of the most commonly reported adve... |
Injuries to peripheral nerves are common presentations of trauma resulting in life - changing problems for patients alongside high social and health care costs for society (noble et al ., 1998; zochodne, 2012). Peripheral nerves possess an intrinsic regenerative capability predominantly due to the plasticity of schwann... |
According to a report by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), antibiotic resistance threats in the united states, 2013, at least 2 million people are infected and 23,000 die each year from bacterial infections that are resistant to one or more antibiotics . Antibiotic use has been linked to antibiotic ... |
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd) is a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal - recessive disorder, characterized by structural and/or functional ciliary abnormalities with inefficient mucociliary clearance, resulting in recurrent or chronic infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract . Pcd affects approximately 1... |
Dogs: all the 41 dogs of the study (11 healthy laboratory beagles and 30 dogs with ps) were examined between april 2010 and april 2013 at the chimura veterinary hospital and kitasato university veterinary teaching hospital . The study followed the guideline for institutional laboratory animal care and use of the school... |
Enamel etching is an essential step in bracket bonding protocols . By selectively demineralizing hydroxyapatite crystals of enamel rods, it exposes micropores on the enamel, leaving a much broader area to allow the adhesive material to interlock . However, the etchant might trim down 510 m of the enamel surface, which ... |
Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in an ectopic location outside of the endometrial cavity ., endometriosis occurs inside the pelvic cavity; however, endometriosis appears outside of the pelvic cavity in approximately 10% of all cases . Frequent locations for endometriosis ... |
Surgical removal of an impacted mandibular third molar is one of the most frequently performed minor oral surgical procedures and demands sound understanding of surgical principles to perform it as atraumatically as possible . Incisions are placed to gain access to the surgical site for adequate accessibility to perfor... |
Conformational changes in proteins are often associated with protein protein interactions, ligand binding, and posttranslational modifications . They are at the basis of powerful mechanisms for functional regulation such as allostery, and they can be fuelled by chemical reactions to produce large - scale mechanochemica... |
Implant placement in the posterior maxilla is a challenging procedure when residual bone height is reduced . Maxillary sinus elevation technique is a common surgical procedure which allows to augment the available bone volume in posterior maxilla in order to place implants . Residual bone height is considered fundament... |
Solid organ transplantation is becoming increasingly common in the treatment of end - stage organ failure . The two crucial factors for successful organ transplantation are: i) better control of rejection by administration of immunosuppressant therapy, and ii) better prevention and treatment of infection which transpla... |
A popular example is the exhibition by the former benetton photographer olivero toscani, displaying portraits of nude people, elderly and younger, suffering from osteoporosis . There is no doubt that people require more information for decision making on preventive or treatment options . Ethical guidelines demand that ... |
Telemedicine plays a very important role in patient management and has been effectively used for intrahospital transport of patients . Human life can be made more comprehensive by equipping it with modern diagnosis which utilizes the advancement in the field of information and communication and this arena is termed as ... |
These ros modulate various enzyme activities including protein kinases, ion channels, membrane receptors and transcriptional factors like nuclear factor kappa b (nfb). In turn, these stimulate the production of cytokines and host matrix metalloproteinases (mmps). Mmps are a family of at least 27 zinc - containing endop... |
Among the mental disorders that affect older people, depression is the most frequent cause of reduced quality of life and is recognized as a serious public health problem.1 late - life depression may be due to a variety of factors including longstanding vulnerability, severe stress, and vascular risk.2 however, depress... |
Acinar cell tumors of the pancreas are uncommon and they include acinar cell carcinomas, acinar cell cystadenocarcinomas and acinar cell cystadenomas (accs) (1 - 5). These tumors are composed of typical round or cylindrical cells with eosinophilic periodic acid stain (pas)-positive cytoplasmic granules . On immunohisto... |
Spinal cord lipomas are rare and account for about 1% of all spinal cord tumors2,4,6,7,8,10,11,12,16,17,18). They are usually associated with lumbo - sacral spinal dysraphism, and these lesions extend to the subcutaneous tissue through a defect in the posterior elements of the spine . Non - dysraphic spinal cord lipoma... |
Cervical cancer is the seventh cancer in overall frequency, but the second most common cancer among women worldwide . An estimated 493,000 new cases and 274,000 deaths occurred from cervical cancer in the year 2002 . In general terms, cervical cancer is much more common in developing countries, where 83% of cases occur... |
Activation of t - lymphocytes via the t cell receptor / cd3 (tcr / cd3) complex results in multiple intracellular signaling pathways (kennedy et al . 1999). Among these pathways, an elevation of [ca]i (intracellular ca - concentration) is essential for proliferation and clonal expansion (reviewed in guse 1998). The inc... |
The patient is currently a 3-year - old boy born at term by spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 35-year - old primigravida . The pregnancy was uncomplicated, and delivery was vaginal at term with apgar scores of 9 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively . On the second day of life, the patient presented with 3 brief episo... |
Underground railway systems are widely used mass transit systems in many major cities, some carrying several million passengers per day . High mass concentrations of respirable particulate matter (pm) with a mean aerodynamic diameter up to 10 m (pm10; coarse), 2.5 m (pm2.5; fine), or 0.1 m (pm0.1; ultrafine) have been ... |
The etiology of congenital cardiac malformation is heterogeneous and only understood to a limited extent, although both noninherited risk factors and genetic causes have been identified.14 additional knowledge concerning the etiology of different cardiac malformations may be obtained through large population - based ep... |
Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (ogib) is defined as recurrent or persistent gastrointestinal bleeding from a source that cannot be identified using upper or lower endoscopy, and is associated with a so - called gastrointestinal disease of unknown cause . Ogib occurs in approximately 5% of all patients with gastroint... |
In children, indications for gynecologic surgery are divided into 3 categories: congenital anomalies, genital traumas and pathological lesions of the genital tract . Although the frequency of adnexal surgery in children is low, it is important to save patients from death and preserve their fertility . Ovarian cysts dev... |
Rhythmic auditory stimulation (ras) is one of the neurological therapeutic methods that has physiological effects in rehabilitative exercise therapy, which improves movement control1 . It is reported to improve gait in terms of velocity, stride length, and cadence when applied to patients with cerebral palsy, stroke, a... |
Crown - root fracture is defined as fracture involving enamel, dentin, and root cementum . Maxillary incisors are the most common teeth involved in dental trauma and most of the times, the crowns are damaged . According to the system adopted by the world health organization in its application of international classific... |
In fact in major surgery, the improvements are certainly slower than in other fields due to the learning curve . Undoubtedly, laparoscopic treatment for gastric malignancies should still be considered experimental and therefore restricted to a few experienced teams . Nevertheless, the laparoscopic technique for benign ... |
The study of the metabolome is particularly suited for brain research as small molecules play fundamental roles . Among other metabolites, neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers between neurons via synapses, signalling lipids act as secondary messengers and relay information from the synapse to the neuronal soma... |
Functional limitation imposed due to a paretic upper limb affects more than 80% of stroke survivors1 . Therefore, restoration of upper limb function is an essential aspect of stroke rehabilitation for regaining functional independency2 . An abnormal pattern of upper limb movement may occur caused by the compensation fo... |
A 17-year - old female patient was referred to the outpatient department of oral medicine and radiology at nair hospital dental college, mumbai, by a local orthodontist after discovering a well - defined radiolucent pathology in the right ramal region of the mandible on a routine panoramic view . The patient reported m... |
Viruses: 6ks0185 (h4n8), which was isolated from a gull fecal sample in our surveillance study, was used in this study . Aeron hurt at the who collaborating centre for reference and research on influenza and the victorian infectious diseases reference laboratory . Osaka05 (h4n8) and shiga04 (h4n6) were kindly provided ... |
Gene expression in eukaryotic organisms is a complex trait influenced by genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors . Although there are many mechanisms of gene expression regulation (figure 1), including chromatin condensation, alternative splicing, dna methylation, transcription initiation, mrna stability, transla... |
As transcriptional high - throughput sequence data are being generated, it is becoming clear that a large fraction of the data cannot be annotated by comparison with existing genes using conventional methods, such as blast (1). For example, a study of 10 human chromosomes shows that 15.4% of the nucleotides are transcr... |
The use of pacifiers is increasingly widespread in different modern cultures, being recommended recently since pacifier sucking calms down children, reduces crying, improves sleep, has analgesic effects, partially supplies the need for suction, and reduces the risk of sudden death in the first 6 months of life . Furthe... |
Eight - week - old male new zealand white rabbits (n = 11) were anesthetized with a subcutaneous injection of ketamine (50 mg / kg) and xylazine (20 mg / kg). After sterile skin preparation, two pins each were transfixed in the distal femur and in the proximal tibia of the right hind - leg under fluoroscopic guidance .... |
Angiogenesis (creation of new vessels or replenish of the pre - existing vascular networks) plays a critical role in some pathological conditions such as tumor expansion and metastasis (1 - 3). Many factors have involved in angiogenesis including hormones, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) (4 - 6). Vascula... |
To correlate individual tcrs to homeostasis of pool sizes, we used b6 rag - deficient mice, expressing tg tcrs restricted to either mhc class i h-2d (ahy, p14) or h-2k (ot-1). We initially studied the characteristics of the peripheral t cell pool in intact mice in the absence of either adoptive cell transfer or ldp . I... |
Primary bone cancers, malignancies that originate directly from bone cells, are quite rare diseases . According to usa national cancer institute about 2810 people were diagnosed, and 1500 died of bone and joint cancer in 2011 . A similar incidence, one affected individual every 100.000, was reported in the same year by... |
Post - translational histone modifications, which include lysine or arginine methylation, play a pivotal role in maintaining chromatin architecture and regulating transcription . Histone lysine methylation is a reversible process; the removal of methyl groups is catalyzed by two classes of histone lysine demethylases (... |
Continuous renal replacement therapies (crrt) have changed substantially the last two decades . Developed as a practical method to treated acute kidney failure in unstable patients and based in the use of convection, in the first stages a low solute clearance capability was characteristic and subsequent changes (as an ... |
The use of recreational drugs is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease among young people . Drug abuse has been implicated as the cause of stroke in 15 - 40% of stroke in the young . Illicit substances such as opiates, cocaine, heroin amphetamine, phencyclidine and marijuana have all been reported to predispose to ... |
Irreversible hydrocolloids (alginates) are among the most commonly used impression materials . Because of their acceptable accuracy, availability, reasonable price and facile handling, this type of impression material is used for many purposes such as preparation of a study cast for diagnosis, fabrication of provisiona... |
The weight distribution function of the meniscus is maintained primarily by circumferential hoop tension, the loss of which has been extensively implicated in the development of osteoarthritis123). Several studies have demonstrated that the loss of hoop tension in knees with root tears of the medial meniscus (mm) would... |
Human organs contain blood and tissue fluid . The heart pumps blood through the arteries and capillaries and returns to the heart via veins . By providing oxygen and nutrients to every cell of the body, all the cells are refreshed when molecules such as oxygen and nutrients move into tissue fluid from the blood . The b... |
From january through june 2007, 265 respiratory samples were received in the laboratory of saint louis hospital, paris: 154 nasal aspirates (na) and 111 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens collected from 200 patients with suspected upper or lower respiratory tract infections . Respiratory samples were collected for ... |
A 44-year - old woman presented with blurred vision in the left eye for 1 week . Best - corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye . Ophthalmologic examination revealed marked tortuosity of the second- and third - order retinal arterioles in both eyes as well as retinal and preretinal ... |
Although dp survivors report poorer long - term hrql compared with df cancer survivors, results suggest that time can attenuate the distress of dp on hrql . Psycho - educational programs could help to increase patients sense of empowerment and personal control should dp occur . Due to earlier diagnosis and improvement ... |
Pain is an experience that is repeatedly experienced by patients hospitalized in intensive care units (icu). Approximately five million patients are hospitalized in icus annually, and 71% of them vividly remember their painful experience at the time of their hospitalization . An interview with patients discharged from ... |
Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is active and necessary during early nervous system development.mature neurons become strikingly resistant to cytotoxic stimuli following the developmental stage.brakes are engaged both pre- and post - mitochondria in the apoptotic pathway in mature neurons.the use of multiple, redu... |
Tracheostomy is one of the most frequent procedures done in an intensive care unit (icu). More than 100,000 tracheostomies are performed annually in the us (healthcare cost and utilization project 2007). The reason for tracheostomies may be diverse, but the patients tend to have a long length of stay . Due to large dif... |
The reported failure rate after i-131 therapy in toxic multinodular goiter (tmng) varies from 12% to 20% . Antithyroid drugs (atd), both methimazole and propylthiouracil, are used in the first - line treatment for hyperthyroid patients . The influence of atd on i-131 therapy has however been a matter of controversy . I... |
During the past decades, quality in perinatal and neonatal care was enhanced as diagnostic methods, treatment, and prophylactic therapy advanced . Therefore, it is not surprising that the survival rate of preterm infants, particularly those born at <32 weeks gestational age (ga), is rising . However, long - term morbid... |
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