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Assir is a semi - urban area that is less disposed toward modern life than other parts of saudi arabia . The present study was, therefore, conducted in the asir region to investigate the prevalence of psychological disorders in an area that is not greatly affected by modern influences . In addition to establishing the ... |
They occur in roughly 1 in every 200 identical twin pregnancies and are always identical . The incidence ranges from 1 in 50 000 to 1 in 100 000 live births . Because this situation carries high risk, early diagnosis and management of delivery is extremely important . A 31-year - old multigravid woman was referred to o... |
Malformation within coronary buds on the aortic sinuses or vascular plexuses to which they connect during fetal development leads to coronary artery anomalies whose incidence varies from 0.6% to 1.5%, being totally asymptomatic to life threatening [1 - 3]. Although anomalously originating left circumflex (lcx) artery f... |
In this issue of critical care, arabi and co - workers present the results of the validation of a modified model of the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (apache) ii for patients receiving orthotopic liver transplants . They retrospectively used data from 174 patients admitted to two hospitals (king fahad ... |
The diagnosis is descriptive one, with no etiological definition and a negative differentiation from other conditions . All known conditions presenting with whitish change in the mucosa need to be excluded . A more recent who workshop, recommended abandoning the distinction between the terms potentially malignant lesio... |
Clay is a general term including many combinations of one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter . Geologic clay deposits are mostly composed of phyllosilicate minerals containing variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure . In nigeria, smectites, kaolinites, calcites, laye... |
Reports of transient and self - limiting isolated 12th nerve palsies are present in the literature but to our knowledge there are no other reported cases of injury following acupuncture . We present a case of partial, self - limiting hypoglossal nerve palsy after neck swelling following local acupuncture . A 53-year - ... |
Animals and sample collection: experiments were conducted at the school of veterinary medicine, rakuno gakuen university and college of veterinary medicine, ohio state university . All procedures were reviewed and approved by the institutional of animal care and use committee (iacuc) at the college of veterinary medici... |
Tinnitus is generally defined as a perception of sound in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus . A variety of pharmacological agents have been proposed to reduce tinnitus symptoms, but at present no specific therapy has obtained satisfactory results in all patients . Thus, oral antioxidant therapy has been sugg... |
Progressive hemorrhagic injury (phi) is demonstrated to have a high risk of poor outcomes in traumatic brain injury (tbi) patients, including immediate consequences such as death and morbidity, and long - term health disorders.1, 2 to date, a series of studies on the mechanisms of phi have been made, especially in coag... |
Malignant tumours in the regions of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, pancreas, appendix and adnexa may metastasise to the peritoneum and greater omentum through implantation, causing ascites . The primary sites of most tumours can be definitely diagnosed using computed tomography (ct), endoscopy or explorator... |
Two months earlier, the woman underwent a subtotal gastrectomy and a total hysterectomy with double anexectomy . The pathologic findings were diagnostic of gastric signet - ring carcinoma, disseminated with krukenberg's tumor . In those days, the patient was following a chemotherapy treatment . The examination showed a... |
The high success rate of implant osseointegration has been well documented,123 and the maintenance and longevity of implants supporting the restoration are also important issues . However, biological and mechanical complications, such as peri - implantitis, screw loosening, and fracture of various parts of an implant, ... |
In the last three decades, the terminology and concept of alternative medicine has gradually shifted toward mainstream medicine . At the same time, a comparable process has shifted conventional medicine from a disease - centered bio - medical paradigm to a more holistic patient - centered approach . Proponents of compl... |
Human pluripotent stem cells (psc), derived from supernumerary embryos or by molecular reprogramming, show several distinguishing characteristics compared with paradigmatic mouse embryonic stem cells (esc). Originally regarded as inconsequential species - specific features, increasing evidence suggests discrete develop... |
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease in elderly population, and osteoporosis - induced fractures are serious problems that pose considerable social and economic burdens in developed and developing countries (1 - 4). Osteoporosis is associated with low - energy fragility fractures which occur commonly in the hip, w... |
Pitting is a common feature of psoriasis . Its relation with severity and duration of the disease is not known . There is no sex predilection, but patients over 40 years are affected twice as often as those under 20 years . But the data regarding relationship between nail pitting with total duration of disease and dise... |
As an important step of eukaryotic gene expression, the translation of mrna into proteins involves 3 stages: initiation, elongation, and termination . The initiation of translation starts with a complex process that leads to the binding of 80s ribosome onto the mrna start codon, making it the rate - limiting step in th... |
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin, transmits genetically, and affects approximately 2% of the world's population, with men and women being equally affected (1). It is a complex genetic disease with environmental and genetic components and in fact, the term represents a clinically heterogeneous... |
Traumatic brain injury (tbi) is an important, clinical problem in the united states and worldwide, but, after almost, 50 years of research, no safe, clinically effective treatment has been found that can reduce mortality and morbidity and improve functional outcome . Tbi has received more attention recently because of ... |
Among adults worldwide, 7.7% (iceland) to 24.6% (us) are sensitized to food allergens . Foods are the most common triggers for anaphylaxis, accounting for 33.2% to 56% of all cases [2, 3] with peanut, tree nut, fish, and shellfish responsible for the majority of fatal reactions . Studies suggest an increasing prevalenc... |
Lichen planus (lp) is an inflammatory disease involving skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails, having a chronic course with characteristic clinical and histopathologic features . The oral mucosa is the most common mucosa involved in lp and may affect up to 1%2% of the general population . Mucosal lp (mlp) of genital ... |
When a skeletal disorder or tissue damage occurs, fixations are required to reposition the structures involved and to create the proper mechanical environment for functional healing . First, metals (and non - degradable polymers alike) are permanent materials and as such remain susceptible to long - term complications ... |
Epidemiological trends show that children in the united states have decreasing levels of physical activity, while sedentary time has increased (22). Cross - sectional studies have determined that low cardiorespiratory fitness is a characteristic feature of overweight children (4, 20, 25). Additionally, cardiorespirator... |
Other studies analysing sex ratio by year of birth, have also reported an increased w / m ratio . However, an increase in the w / m ratio for ms is not present in all geographic areas, for example in countries from areas between latitude 12s and 55s, the sex ratios were stable over time . An increasing female preponder... |
A 47-year - old man, an ex - gymnast, presented with symptoms of instability and locking of his left knee . He had a few falls recently due to knee instability while participating in recreational sports . There was no significant limitation of functional activity . In the primary care setting, he had a course of physio... |
Thrombosis of spiral arteries and the intervillous space on the maternal side of the placenta can impair adequate placental perfusion . Impairments in uteroplacental circulation may cause fetal loss, fetal growth restriction, and/or preeclampsia . Coagulation factor xii (f - xii), which is also known as hageman factor,... |
Probiotics are now widely considered as beneficial bacteria which have various good effects on the human beings; among them, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium are the most common ones [14]. The advantages posed by these probiotics carry the potential to be used in clinical practices, such as diabetes, oral health, atop... |
No specific guidelines exist; only three gold standards apply: the study should be double - blind and placebocontrolled, and safety is paramount . One dose level may be evaluated in small subgroups of 3 to 5 subjects (2 to 3 subgroups per dose level) and the dose must be increased only after careful review of all the d... |
Violence is a behavioral model that is imposed on close friends and family members through intimidation, threats, and annoying, harmful behaviors aimed at controlling and manipulating a person . Instances of violence can comprise sexual, physical, and economic abuse, as well as verbal threats and divorce (1). Domestic ... |
To better understand the evolutionary dynamics of klk2 and klk3 genes in primates, we sequenced and/or annotated the orthologous genomic segments spanning these genes in a total of 22 primate species (supplementary table s1, supplementary material online). We confirmed the presence of klk2 and klk3 in all catarrhini, e... |
Carboxypeptidase a (cpa) is the canonical form of the m14 family of peptidases, an important group of physiologically relevant enzymes . M14 peptidases such as cpa and cpb, synthesized in the pancreas and secreted into the gastrointestinal tract, are the major zinc - dependent enzymes responsible for the release of the... |
Stress fractures (sf) occur when healthy bone is subjected to cyclic loading, which the normal carrying range capacity is exceeded . Sf mostly seen athletes or military recruits because of intensive physical exercise . Usually, stress fractures occur at the metatarsal bones, calcaneus, proximal or distal tibia and tend... |
This study was a prospective case series at the university of michigan kellogg eye center conducted between november 2011 and may 2015 . This study was approved by the university of michigan institutional review board and adhered to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki . Every patient in the study had a vitreoreti... |
For example the sulfur content in coal varies between 0.5% and 11% depending on the location, type and origin of coal . The presence of these compounds in solid or liquid fuels causes the release of large quantities of sulfur dioxide (so2) during combustion, which contributes to air pollution and is a reason for the fo... |
The human lung undergoes dramatic changes in embryo - fetal life that are the result of growth and maturation . The formation of the air conducting system is the base of lung development and its dysmorphogenesis invol -ved lung malformations . The lung primordium begins around days 2627 post - fertilization (pf), when ... |
They are the most common adult type - fat cell tumor, often referred to as universal tumor or a ubiquitous tumor . Lipomas have been identified in all age groups, but usually appear between 40 and 60 years of age . Solitary lipomas are common in women and multiple tumors (lipomatosis) are common in men . While about 80... |
A 67-year - old caucasian male presented to the oral medicine clinic of the school of dental medicine, university of pennsylvania, with a history of pain in the left preauricular and facial regions and headaches for 1 year . His pain was described as persistent dull aching pain aggravated with jaw function, especially ... |
Identification is an essential requirement of any medicolegal investigation, because a mistaken identity may pose a problem in delivering justice . Forensic dentistry is one of the most recent branches of dentistry which deals with medicolegal cases . Labeled dentures can be important in identifying people who have los... |
The choice of correct surgical treatment of adult low - grade isthmic spondylolisthesis remains a topic of debate . Many studies in the literature analyze clinical and radiological outcome of different fusion techniques by various approaches, including posterolateral fusion (plf) and lumbar interbody fusion, but consid... |
We present a case of a 5-year - old with intussusception of the terminal ileum whose past medical history was significant for sickle cell anemia . The pathogenesis of this disease relates to the role of iron as an essential growth factor for y. enterocolitica, and this patient s transfusions left him in an iron overloa... |
Data for this study were simulated using the qmsim software (sargolzaei and schenkel 2009). The historical population consisted of 1000 generations with a gradual increase in size from 1000 to 100,000 breeding individuals, with equal sex ratio, nonoverlapping generations, random mating, no selection, and no migration t... |
Congenital mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall (mh), synonymous and partly incorrectly named as congenital mesenchymoma, is a rare benign lesion which usually presents antenatally or during early infancy . However large thoracic wall resections in the growing child subsequently result in deformations of the thoraci... |
Recent evidence highlight the importance of enlarged left atrium (la) as a barometer of diastolic burden and a good predictor of cardiovascular outcomes - including heart failure (hf), atrial fibrillation, stroke, and mortality . La volume has been compared to the glycated hemoglobin of diabetes mellitus, as it is a re... |
In this issue, lopes and colleagues add to the list of studies investigating the concept of goal directed haemodynamic therapy (gdht). A variety of strategies and monitoring modalities have been applied and in general have resulted in improved patient outcomes . We have worked through pulmonary artery catheters, dopple... |
Sarcomatoid carcinoma is an extremely rare, biphasic tumor characterized by a combination of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells . We present a rare case of a 60-year - old man with three small intestinal intussusceptions due to metastatic pulmonary carcinosarcoma . He was explored for chest pain and hemoptysis ... |
Rhinosporidiosis is a granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi (earlier described as a fungus, now reclassified in its own class mesomycetozoea). The disease is more prevalent in sri lanka and india due to the widespread custom of bathing in pond water.1 the disease may involve ear, nose, throat and eye .... |
Impairments in memory and executive function (ef) are core symptoms of korsakoff s syndrome (ks), but are also present in patients with alcohol use disorder (aud).16 both memory and ef are key features for a successful behavioral change to remain abstinent and to restore societal functioning.710 one consequence of thes... |
Over two decades ago, research using prospective study methods examined end - of - life planning practices and found 25 percent of nursing home residents received care that was inconsistent with previously expressed wishes . Geriatric treatment protocols now suggest that advance care planning should be thoroughly discu... |
It has been proved previously that thp-1 cells can differentiate into macrophages following treatment with 100 nm phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) for 72 h and macrophages can transform into foam cells by incubation in the presence of 50 g / ml oxidized low - density lipoprotein (ox - ldl) for 48 h. therefore, thp... |
A report from norway published in 1994 in the scandinavian journal of primary health care indicated a prevalence of up to 45% abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (ogtt). Although ogtt is highly criticized as inconsistent, inconvenient and poorly reproducible, it still adds predictive advantage to the use of fasting bl... |
Individuals suffering from bdd encounter many difficulties when interacting with others in many aspects of their lives such as social, educational or occupational aspects . The concern about body image is not due to other mental disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia (1). Their symptomatology ranges widely from... |
In recent years mechanical ventricular dyssynchrony has become an important clinical parameter, as it may indicate the effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (crt) in heart failure patients [15]. Additionally, several studies have demonstrated that ventricular dyssynchrony can be used as an independent pred... |
The negative health effects of tobacco constitute the single largest preventable cause of death and disease in economically developed countries, with increasing implications in the developing world . Although tobacco - related deaths rarely come into highlight, tobacco consumption is responsible for one - third to one ... |
Angioimmunoblastic t - cell lymphoma (aitl) is a rare subtype of peripheral t - cell lymphoma [1, 2]. It accounts for 1520% of all peripheral t - cell lymphomas and usually affects individuals in the seventh decade of life [3, 4, 5]. Approximately 20% of patients have associated autoimmune phenomena, such as circulatin... |
Periodontal regeneration requires a sequence of cell migration, adherence, growth and differentiation, which have potential to increase regeneration . To be considered a regenerative modality, a material or technique must demonstrate that bone, cementum and a functional periodontal ligament can be formed on a diseased ... |
At the end of 2011, it was estimated that 96,000 people in the uk were infected with hiv, with approximately 24% unaware of their infection.1 at the end of 2013, it was estimated that 107,800 people in the uk were infected with hiv, with unchanged number of approximately 24% unaware of their infection.2 in 2011, the es... |
Immunoassays allow for sensitive and specific detection of various target structures in complex biological samples . Since their introduction in early 1960s (ria) or 1970s (elisa), immunochemical methods have become an indispensable analytical tool in wide range of applications including clinical diagnostics . Annual s... |
Protocols complied with the guidelines of the institutional animal care and use committee of the joslin diabetes center and the national institutes of health . Male imprinting control region (icr) mice (aged 710 weeks) (taconic, hudson, ny), ampk2 inactive transgenic mice on an fvb background, and matched controls were... |
Pseudoaneurysms of internal carotid artery (ica) in the neck are caused by penetrating trauma, post head and neck surgeries, carotid endarterectomies, infiltrating metastatic lymph nodes and neoplasms . The management options for ica pseudoaneurysm include ultrasound (usg) guided compression, percutaneous thrombin inje... |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is a chronic, life threatening disease that predominantly affects women of childbearing age . There are few diseases for which the cause, natural history, and response to treatment have been as complex or difficult to define as those of sle . In large part, this is because sle represe... |
Advances in medical procedures, invasiveness, cost and recognition of human rights (both patient s and medical practitioners) have realized the application of informed consent in almost all health care disciplines . Safeguarding legal and ethical rights of the patients as well as of attending physicians became a part o... |
Recent years have seen a plethora of potential gene therapy strategies for central nervous system (cns) disorders . One of the major challenges gene therapy applications face clinically is the ability to control the level of expression or silencing of therapeutic genes in order to provide a balance between therapeutic ... |
Technological and radiobiological advances in early - stage prostate cancer treatment have led to a debate within the radiation oncology community over the optimal treatment . Long - term results from prospective [1, 2] and randomized dose escalation trials [35], comparing doses of 7481 gy to doses <70 gy show dose esc... |
In 1992, clavien and his colleagues presented guidelines on the classification of complications on the basis of severity grading . This classification method made possible mutual comparisons between dissimilar surgeries . In 2004, large - scale research was performed, and the objectivity of the modified clavien classif... |
The chronic inflammatory diseases course in the elderly have some specificity regarding their clinical presentation, the presence of comorbidities, and severe illness suggestive of malignancy . The spondyloarthritis (spa) involve several disorders sharing common clinical and radiological characteristics with ankylosing... |
Cancer is one of the prevalent non - communicable diseases in developed and under - developed countries (1). Therefore, it is reasonable to evaluate the factors that can influence the risk of cancer in order for suitable preventive approach to be advised, because many causes of mortality and morbidity in relation to ca... |
Perceptions of psychiatry survey is a 37 items questionnaire .. items were adapted and modified from existing survey instruments developed by balon et al . The instrument has six subdivisions: perceptions of psychiatry as a discipline (5-items); perceptions of the effectiveness of psychiatric treatments (7-items); perc... |
Pelvic organ prolapse (pop) is a growing problem for both patients and for our healthcare system pubovisceral muscle avulsions are known risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (pop) t2-weighted mr imaging visualises pubovisceral muscle avulsions adequately pubovisceral muscle avulsions are scored with good to excellent... |
According to the latest report of the international agency for research on cancer (globocan 2012), breast cancer (bc) is by far the world s most common cancer among women and the most likely cause that a woman will die from cancer worldwide1 . In egypt, the highest incidence rates for cancer among men were in the liver... |
Reactive perforating collagenosis (rpc) is a type of transepithelial elimination disorder characterized by elimination of altered collagen through the epidermis . The classical four transepithelial elimination (tee) disorders include reactive perforating collagenosis (rpc), elastosis perforans serpiginosa (eps), perfor... |
Economic behavior is known to play a key role in disease transmission . Throughout history, new pathogens have emerged with the opening of new markets or trade routes . The black death in the fourteenth century, and the sixteenth century columbian exchange which brought smallpox and typhus to the americas, and syphilis... |
The sacroiliac (si) joint is a common source of chronic low - back pain (lbp) with reported prevalence ranging from 18% to 30% . Treatment options mostly have an either short duration of pain relief or have limited evidence of efficacy . Sacral neuroablation by various form of radiofrequency (rf) techniques may provide... |
Individual mouse x chromosome amplicons (palindromic or tandem segmental duplications) were first identified using the inverted repeats finder (irf) program9 . The mus musculus reference sequence (ncbi build 36.1) was used to select palindromes with arms 8 kb, 90% nucleotide identity between arms, and <500 kb of each o... |
Menarche, the first occurrence of menstruation, is one of the most important events in a woman's reproductive life . It is associated with various important events of adolescent growth and development . One hypothesis emphasizes that the timing of menarche is associated with the skeletal maturity represented by the pea... |
Developmental anomalies of the facial region have far reaching implications and may present clinically in a varied fashion ranging from minor clefts to gross facial deformities . A cleft is any interruption of the soft tissues, bone or both, which may involve mouth, cheeks, eyes, ears, forehead . These clefts or cranio... |
Chip: chromatin immunoprecipitation; encode: encyclopedia of dna elements; jia: juvenile idiopathic arthritis; pbmc: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; ra: rheumatoid arthritis; tnf: tumor necrosis factor . This work was supported in part by grants from the national institutes of health (1r01-ai084200, 5p20rr15577 - 10... |
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare disease, responsible for less than 1% of hyperparathyroidism cases in most parts of the world . Although the apparent incidence of hyperparathyroidism has increased since the introduction of multichannel autoanalyzers, the incidence of parathyroid carcinoma still remains low . Because of... |
Microvascular free tissue transfer has become a common surgical technique in reconstruction of the head and neck . The success is influenced by the types of anticoagulation and radiation therapy used, and the existence of diabetes mellitus and arteriosclerosis in patients . Interoperative and postoperative monitoring o... |
The presence of fqrs on electrocardiogram is associated with myocardial scarring, ischemia, and fibrosis and originates from the deterioration in the process of signal transduction and ventricular depolarization . The presence of fqrs in coronary artery disease is known to be significantly associated with major adverse... |
The demand for aesthetic surgery has been increasing, and some materials, such as silicone, polymethyl methacrylate, collagen, and hyaluronic acid, are commonly used in plastic surgery.1 2 when used in soft tissues, these materials can stay latent for a long time . Sometimes they may cause chronic inflammatory reaction... |
Ultrafine metal particles in the nanometer regime have various interesting properties compared with bulk metals because of their quantum size effects, so they hold promise as advanced materials with new electronic, magnetic, optical, and thermal properties, as well as new catalytic properties . Metal nanoparticles (nps... |
The cleaved - caspase-3 (asp175) antibody (referred to as cleaved - caspase-3 antibody) from cell signaling technology is a polyclonal antibody obtained in rabbit that was raised against a peptide in the large subunit of the human effector caspase, caspase-3, amino - terminal to asp175.1 the antibody does not detect un... |
Efficiency refers to the success with which an organization utilizes its resources to produce outputs (1, 2). Operational efficiency is the ability of an organization to execute its tactical operational plans while maintaining a healthy balance between cost and productivity measured by examining the amount of output fo... |
Facet dislocations are part of a spectrum of cervical spine flexion / distraction - type injuries . Flexion distraction injuries are described as anterior displacement of the vertebral body due to tensile or shear failure of the posterior elements coupled with facet fractures or dislocations . Facet fractures were clas... |
The thenar eminence constitutes the intrinsic muscles of the hand that are responsible for complex movements of the thumb . Thenar atrophy is the term that denotes the wasting of these muscles and is associated with various clinical situations.1 although it is almost always mentioned along with carpal tunnel syndrome, ... |
The increase in diagnosis has been partly attributed to the use of modern imaging procedures, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (ct), and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in the past 30 years . The largest increase is seen in tumors <4 cm, which are now referred to small renal masses (srms), the median age o... |
In intubated patients the humidification and warming of inspired gases requires the addition to the ventilator circuit of a heated humidifier, or of an artificial nose . Artificial noses were introduced as disposable devices more than 10 years ago, and since then they have been used in anaesthesia . In the most recent ... |
Any visual system, biological or artificial, challenged to recognize real - world objects, must satisfy two fundamental and seemingly opposing goals . First, due to the overwhelming number of objects, and the even larger number of geometrically possible object shapes, correct identification requires a high degree of se... |
For thousands of years, several plants have been used in popular medicine . Despite being considered the main source of antimutagenics and antioxidants (elik and aslantrk, 2010) some of their phytochemicals may cause adverse reactions or have potential of interacting with other medications, generating toxic, cytotoxic,... |
The management of macrosomic pregnancies, defined as birth weight 4000 g, has become a common dilemma in daily obstetric practice due to the increasing incidence of macrosomic deliveries . Maternal complications include an increased rate of cesarean sections, extensive perineal lacerations and severe hemorrhage . Neona... |
It has previously been shown that fibromyalgia patients differ from other widespread pain patients in that fibromyalgia patients are more likely to perceive a much greater degree of difficulty both in understanding the cause of their pain and in explaining the cause of their pain to others . This was concluded after ut... |
Composites with fibers reinforcement are a very frequent motives in the design of natural materials (fratzl and weinkamer, 2007). A complex design is required as fibers are usually strong in tension, but rather weak in compression, as they tend to buckle easily . Tissue mineralization is widely used as a predictor of m... |
They are very sensitive to dopamine agonist therapy and biochemical resolution is usually associated with a reduction in size of the tumor . Resistant prolactinoma is defined as the failure to achieve biochemical control and/or reduction in tumor mass with dopamine agonist therapy . Resistance is usually associated wit... |
Hemiplegic patients due to stroke often have aftereffects such as muscle weakening, spasticity, and pain and functional disorders such as decreases in gait, turning, and balance abilities1 . Human postures are determined by muscular cooperation, proprioceptors, the sense of equilibrium, and the positions and functions ... |
In recent years a significant change in european consumers has been observed in food choice and consumption, both quantitatively and qualitatively . The development of this food market has stimulated official controls to implement policies in order to obtain modern standards to ensure the hygienic quality . A study sup... |
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (utuc) is an uncommon and heterogeneous disease with poor oncological outcomes [1 - 3]. For patients with localized utuc, radical nephroureterectomy (rnu) with bladder cuff excision is the definitive treatment of choice . In cases of advanced utuc, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy c... |
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