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Splenectomy is the preferred treatment for many hematologic diseases and is a necessary skill for any surgeon . In the early 1990s laparoscopic splenectomy (ls) took shape as a viable alternative to open surgery (os) and quickly became the standard of care for many splenic disorders . Previously published data have sho... |
The prevalence of overweight among danish children aged 68 years was 15% and 21% among boys and girls, respectively . Ideally, the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity should begin as early as possible, which may even be before birth . Changes to the intrauterine environment, caused by stress or malnutrition ... |
One of the central challenges to biology is understanding biological information flow such as how genotypes manifest into functional phenotypes . Historically, biological experiments have been difficult to conduct leading to a scarcity of data . However, technological improvements in experimental high - throughput meas... |
Reducing post - operative pain is an important issue in perioperative patient care.the release of proteolytic and inflammatory mediators after surgical manipulation may cause powerful nociceptive impulses that trigger pain (1). The primary phenomenon in inflammatory pain conduction is the stimulation of the spinal cord... |
Myosins are a large and diverse family of molecular motors important for cell migration and motility . The human genome encodes 39 myosin genes, subdivided into 12 different classes (berg et al ., 2001, peckham and knight, 2009). The remaining three encode the non - muscle (nm) myosin isoforms 2a, 2b, and 2c, which con... |
Since 2009 the international judo federation (ijf) established a world ranking list based on different competitions levels . Before the last olympic games the athletes received a specific number of points according to their performance in the following competition: continental open, 100 points; grand prix, 300 points; ... |
Unicystic ameloblastoma (uca) was first described by robinson and martinez, to delineate its less aggressive course compared to solid ameloblastoma . With the exception of age of onset and biologic outcome, the purpose of this report is to present a case of uca showing a pericoronal radiolucency in the primary lesion a... |
Nurse turnover is a costly problem that will continue as healthcare faces the impending nursing shortage; a new generation of nurses enters the workforce, and incentives provided to nurses to work for institutions increase . A variety of factors influence the retention of nurses in adult care settings, including work s... |
Development into adulthood has, at its origins, strands of dna inherited from two parents combined with endogenous or external environmental influences . Yet it is well known now that siblings or twins adopted away at birth share very similar physical, personality and mental traits with their close biological relatives... |
At the most basic level, the brain may be viewed as a vast network of nerve cells (neurons) with specialized projections (dendrites and axons) connected to each other at junctions known as synapses, through which signals are passed from one neuron to the next . As early as the 19 century, well before the exact nature o... |
Preeclampsia, a unique human pregnancy disorder, is characterized by the development of new hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in patients free from any clinical disease . But it is not only hypertension and proteinuria; preeclampsia is a multiorgan disease in which the target organs are the endot... |
Glomus tumor is a rare benign tumor arising from neuroarterial plexus concentrated beneath the nailbed usually in women of age group 20 - 40 yrs . The plexus is an arteriovenous anastomosis functioning without intermediary capillary bed, we report a case of glomus tumor affecting the nailbed of left little finger with ... |
Preventing postoperative complications will not only improve quality of patient care, but is now fiscally incentivized by the provisions of the affordable care act, which sanctions penalties toward hospitals that fail to achieve standards for hospital readmissions . Risks for postoperative complications after spine sur... |
The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (dsv - ptc), first described by vickery et al . In 1985, is a histological variant of ptc . It is characterized by diffuse involvement of one or both thyroid lobules with prominent squamous metaplasia, numerous psammoma bodies, and dense sclerosis in intratu... |
Brainstem vascular malformations can be classified as arteriovenous malformations, venous malformations, cavernous malformations, or capillary telangiectasias . On pathological examination, capillary telangiectasias are a distinct type of vascular malformation, characterized by multiple thin - walled vascular channels,... |
Renal cell carcinoma (rcc) can metastasize to any location in the body, and distant metastases are common, being present in 30% to 40% of patients with metastatic disease . The most common sites affected are the lungs (76%), regional lymph nodes (ln) (66%), bone (42%), and liver (41%). However, only 1.5 to 3.5% of rcc ... |
In the last 30 years, there have been pronounced increases in the use of antidepressants,13 which are now the third most commonly prescribed medication class in the usa.4 although newer antidepressants (beginning with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are effective and generally well - tolerated for treating... |
Infantile tremor syndrome (its) is a clinical syndrome of acute or gradual onset of mental and psychomotor changes, pigmentary disturbances of hair and skin, pallor, and coarse tremors in malnourished children aged between 5 months and 3 years . It has been primarily reported from india and south east asia and has also... |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease and is considered to be caused by complex interactions between genetic risk, environmental, and hormonal factors that result in an immune dysregulation, and autoantibody production ensued [13]. Epidemiological studies reported that sle is mo... |
The genus campylobacter contains fifteen species, of which campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly clinically isolated, in association with invasive diarrheal colitis . Fetus (c. fetus) is an opportunistic organism that causes nonintestinal infections with vascular tropism . It has been implicated in various systemic... |
Adoptive immunotherapy, particularly adoptive transfer of antigen - specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes, has shown some success in clinical trials for treating both cancer and viral infections [15]. However, due to resident tolerance within the tumor environment the most robust ctl must be stimulated for highest efficacy ... |
Dermatophytosis is a group of skin fungal infections caused by dermatophytes (or ring worms), which invade and attack keratinized tissues . Typical symptoms of these infections include inflammation or redness of the infected part, brittleness and fissures of the nails, and loss of hair from the affected parts . A large... |
Swabs were taken from the anterior nares of dogs, horses, and staff; nasal surface of cats; perineum of dogs, cats, and horses; and the neck skin surface of horses . Swab specimens were directly inoculated onto mannitol salt agar (labm, bury, uk) with aztreonam (2 mg / l) and oxacillin resistance screening agar (oxoid,... |
The concept of stability in vitiligo is multifaceted, and no consensus has yet been reached on defining the criteria for this so far . It includes not only clinical aspects of stability but also many recently identified biochemical and ultrastructural correlates of the same . The exact definition of stability in vitili... |
Dpp - iii (ec 3.4.14.4) of the goat brain is a dipeptidylaminopeptidase which removes n - terminal dipeptide from arg - arg-4mna at ph 8.5 . The enzyme was recently purified and characterized and found to be affected by thiol compounds and metal ions . It hydrolysed leu - enkephalin and other bioactive peptides and dis... |
One of the major questions in the nkt cell field is the identity of the glycolipid ligands responsible for the positive selection of nkt cells . Cd1d molecules most likely bind their ligands as they recirculate through the endosomal / lysosomal pathway of the dp cells before returning to the cell membrane to present th... |
Hcv infection is among life threatening public health problems worldwide, with over 170200 million infected people including about 17 million from pakistan . It has been estimated to cause approximately 27% of cirrhosis and 25% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases worldwide . Hcv is a small enveloped, positive sense singl... |
Smoking tobacco not only predisposes to the development of disease, it increases disease severity and treatment failure rates . For these reasons, smoking cessation particularly benefits those patients who have smoking - related cancers such as head and neck or lung cancer and those who are diagnosed with curable disea... |
Most scientists view estradiol as women's sole bone - active gonadal steroid . In reality estrogen plays positive roles in bone biology and osteoporosis prevention and treatment primarily through decreasing bone resorption [35]. There is also compelling evidence that powerful bone - destructive cytokines such as il-1, ... |
Over last three decades, the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) in chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) has seen several phases and continues to be defined . In 1980's, hsct came as a revolutionary concept that offered cure from cml . In 1990's, transplant methodologies were refined, which resulted in increase... |
Chorioangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the placenta originating from primitive angioblastic tissues . The newborn are rare and usually associated with tumors greater than 5 cm in diameter and consist of polyhydramnios, fetal anemia, massive edema with pleural effusion, ascites and intrauterine growth retar... |
A 46-year - old female presented with vague gastrointestinal symptoms, chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain and intolerance to fatty food and diarrhea for the last two years . She was given the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome and had been followed by her internist . She had undergone an abdominal hysterect... |
In this article, we take a historical perspective to describe how individual diseases caused by cmv were first recognised . We focus on congenital cmv, infections in solid organ transplants, bone marrow transplants and advanced hiv using data from developed countries, because other articles in this issue will consider ... |
Interest in the redox properties of natural products has stimulated many studies focusing on natural products that prevent the destructive effects caused by reactive oxygen species (ros) on many biomolecules (1). Ros are also involved in controlling the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases (2,3) and may activate ... |
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/ dysplasia (arvc / d) is a myocardial disease in which myocardium of the right ventricular free wall is partially or almost entirely replaced by fatty or fibro - fatty tissue (13). The anterior right ventricular outflow tract, the apex, and the inferior - posterior wall t... |
Double free - flaps are technically challenging due to the complex nature of the defect, harvest of two flaps and use of two pairs of recipient's vessels . In such limb defects more further the risk of distal limb ischaemia is imminent when collateral circulation is not adequate . Double fasciocutanous flaps either per... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by persistent and progressive airflow limitation resulting from abnormal inflammatory response of the airways and lungs to noxious particles inhalation.1 apart from inducing lung damage, copd is recognized as a multisystemic inflammatory disease associated w... |
A retrospective case review was performed to identify patients who developed tao in temporal association with periocular surgery . Patients were examined for proptosis, lid retraction and lid lag, extraocular motility abnormalities, and periocular swelling . Radiological investigations (mri or ct) were used to confirm ... |
Blood samples and tumour tissues were obtained from 117 operated lung cancer patients admitted to oslo university hospitalrikshospitalet in the period 20062011 . The collected tumor samples consisted of 93 adenocarcinomas, 2 large cell carcinomas and 22 squamous cell carcinomas . One patient was diagnosed with metastas... |
Natural variability in climate is a function of: (i) the relative position of the sun (and its activity such as sunspots, radiation, magnetism, eruption) and the earth; (ii) the milankovitch cycles (1); and (iii) the interactions between the components of the climate system, i.e. The atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cr... |
Patellar dislocation and patellofemoral instability may occur in a young population with varying activity levels . The overall recurrence rate of patellar dislocation after an initial event is close to 40% . In fact, patients who have a primary patellar dislocation have a 17% recurrence rate, and patients who sustain r... |
The prospective, parallel - design, randomized cluster trial was conducted in three highly populated office buildings for employees in a midwestern mutual health insurance company (medical mutual of ohio, cleveland) over a more than 13-month period from february 2014 through march 2015 . The chesapeake research review ... |
Almost all newborn infants develop some degree of hyperbilirubinemia as a normal transition in physiology . High levels of unbound unconjugated bilirubin can cross the blood brain barrier and cause neurological symptoms . The association between hyperbilirubinemia and encephalopathy was first described in 1847 by hervi... |
Recent studies have shown that the classic circulation model of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) is incomplete.1 production of csf is not only dependent on choroid plexus but also on water flux in the pericapillary (virchow robin) space.2, 3 historically, csf flow through the pericapillary space is known as interstitial flow,... |
It is the leading cause of acquired disability in adults and has a tremendous socioeconomic impact on patients, their relatives and health systems . In switzerland, the incidence of stroke has been estimated to be 150/100,000 (year 2000). In 2004, the overall stroke event rate was 296.3/100,000 (287.7/100,000 in women,... |
Cell - to - cell adhesion in epithelial cell sheets is maintained mainly through two types of junctions: adherens junction and tight junction . A number of studies have focused their attention on the transmembrane protein of the adherens junction.1,2 only in recent years has the importance of tight junction proteins in... |
Statins are a very widely used class of medication and controlled studies have demonstrated clear benefits with respect to cardiac disorders and also stroke and cognitive function . Because of this there are moves toward their use in primary prevention of atherosclerosis (1). The literature includes numerous reports of... |
Mobility limitations are defined by impairment or dependence in movement and affect between one third and one half of adults aged 65 or older . Lack of physical activity in older individuals can lead to loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia), loss of bone density (osteoporosis), and an increase in fat mass (obesity) [2, 3]. ... |
Coronary artery fistula (caf) is an abnormality in the termination of coronary artery and it was first described in 1865 by krause (1). It is a communication between one or more coronary arteries and a cardiac chamber or great vessel resulting in a left to right shunt . Caf is rare with an estimated prevalence of 0.002... |
All subjects gave written informed consent, and the study was approved by the local ethics committee . Monocytes were separated using superparamagnetic polystyrene beads coated with a primary monoclonal antibody specific for the cd14 membrane antigen expressed on human monocytes (invitrogen, groningen, germany) and res... |
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis often occurs in new world mostly due to leishmania(l) braziliensis and less commonly l. panamensis and l. amazonensis(1). There are also several reports of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in old world (24). Recently a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to l. major has been reported from ira... |
Male sprague - dawley rats (charles river, wilmington, ma) weighing 275350 g were individually housed in the yale animal resource center in temperature - controlled (2223c) and humidity - controlled rooms . The animals were fed rat chow (agway prolab 3000, syracuse, ny), given water ad libitum, and acclimatized to a 12... |
A 47-year - old postmenopausal woman presented with slowly increasing abdominal girth with a palpable abdominal mass and vaginal bleeding . At the age of 15, she underwent abdominal surgery due to intussusception of the small bowel of unknown cause . During the preoperative evaluation, colonoscopy identified eight hama... |
Facial tissue loss or defects can be acquired, congenital, tumoral lesions or accidental . Facial deformity can cause functional and serious psychological problems that can affect an individual's social behavour.1,2 the field of maxillofacial prosthetics is concerned with the prosthetic reconstruction of missing / disf... |
Staphylococcus aureus is a well - adapted human / zoonotic colonizer which can also cause a wide range of diseases and its treatment is becoming more difficult because of increasing rates of drug resistance both in hospital and community settings . Community - acquired methicillin - resistant s. aureus (ca - mrsa) has ... |
For some, brachytherapy (bt) is something on the brink of extinction and their arguments are not scarce . Brachytherapy might not sound too appealing for the average radiation oncologist because it implies transition from behind the screen to the or . Blood appears as a real scenario and most of them chose from the beg... |
Epidural (cse) technique is a very commonly used method for central neuraxial blockade . It combines the advantages of spinal as well as epidural blocks and avoids their disadvantages . Several cse techniques are described, but needle - through - needle is the most widely reported technique in the literature and is lik... |
A statistically significant increase (19762009) has been reported in the age - standardized incidence rate (asir) for distant stage breast cancer diagnosed in women at age 2539 years in the population covered by population - based cancer registries of the national cancer institute's surveillance, epidemiology, and end ... |
Lymphedema, an incurable health condition, occurs when an impairment of the lymphatic system results in a lymphatic load that is greater than lymphatic transport capacity . The consequence is accumulation of protein - rich fluid in the interstitial space [1, 2]. Over time, this high concentration of protein stimulates ... |
High - throughput genomics technology has made possible the era of precision medicine, an approach to healthcare that involves integrating a patient's genetic, lifestyle, and environmental data and then comparing these data to similar data collected for thousands of other individuals to predict illness and determine th... |
Nutritional support is essential for patients undergoing major surgery, and nutritional therapies such as total parenteral nutrition or enteral nutrition are integral to the management of these patients . However, surgery causes a state of insulin resistance, and changes in glucose metabolism occur after surgery, and o... |
Globally, preterm birth (defined as birth at <37 weeks of gestation) affects around 11% of deliveries (blencowe et al ., 2013) and it is closely associated with cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disease in later life (kerr - wilson et al ., 2012; moore et al ., 2012). Individuals born preterm ar... |
Acute myocardial infarction (ami) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with approximately one - half of deaths occurring in the prehospital setting . In the united arab emirates, mortality statistics from 2008 to 2010 showed that cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death among both the un... |
Sympathetic innervation of the eye is a third - order neuron pathway which emerges from the hypothalamus and runs along a well - known route before reaching the eye [1, 2, 3]. The third - order neuron is located in the superior cervical ganglion dividing itself into two branches which innervate the mller's muscle of th... |
From october to november 2002, a cluster of skin and soft tissue infections due to mrsa involving pediatric and maternity patients occurred at a new york city hospital . The hospital has a labor and delivery unit and 2 units that house both healthy newborns and maternity patients . After the outbreak was recognized, th... |
It has been claimed that tertian malaria had been completely eradicated in the latter part of 1970 in korea . But since 1993, this tertian malaria has reemerged to infect soldiers and civilians living near the armistice line, resulting in 1,724 cases in 1997 . Also, imported malaria from an overseas trip has become a m... |
In general, the gastric tube is used for reconstruction after an esophagectomy, and the reconstruction may be performed via the posterior mediastinum, retrosternal, or presternal route . As the posterior mediastinum route is the shortest and most natural, this route is most often chosen . However, in cases of locally a... |
Experimental birds: white leghorn chicks (n=12, male) at one day of age were commercially obtained from komatsu shukeijyo (matsumoto, japan) and reared in our laboratory given a commercial diet and water ad libitum and under controlled light condition (12 hr light: 12 hr darkness) up to one week of age . Chicks were tr... |
Insulin resistance (ir) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (mets), which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes . From the standpoint of primary prevention, it is important to identify the patients at risk of mets, especially at an early stage w... |
Composite pheochromocytoma (pc) is a rare neoplasm that typically arises in the adrenal medulla as a mixture of pc and other tumors of neural origin, including peripheral neuroblastic tumors, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and neuroendocrine carcinomas (1, 2). The frequency of composite pcs in the adrenal gl... |
Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology with systemic inflammation leading to formation of granulomas . Macrophages and activated lymphocytes, an immunological hallmark of sarcoidosis, are also involved in the process of thrombin activation and fibrin formation [2, 3]. The association between sarcoidosis ... |
Infectious bronchitis (ib), caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), is a highly contagious viral disease of chickens with a worldwide distribution . It is characterized by respiratory symptoms, nephritis, poor performance and reduced egg reproduction . Despite extensive vaccination, ib has been a perpetual pro... |
Renal hyperparathyroidism (rhpt) is a serious complication of long - term dialysis treatment . The european dialysis and transplant association (edta) report published in 1991 showed that up to 40% of patients undergo surgical treatment for rhpt after 15 years of dialysis . Rhpt is a form of renal osteodystrophy that c... |
Mountainous ecosystems are highly sensitive to any disturbances in natural balance, what makes them especially interesting for observations of chemical and radiochemical contamination . The area of the babia gra national park (bpn), being located along the main ridge of the flysch carpathian mountains, is just the prop... |
The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in india is 0.34%. (1) even though the survival of people living with hiv (plwh) has improved with the advent of anti - retroviral therapy (art), their life is affected by social factors like stigma / discrimination . Hence, quality of life (qol) which give... |
Equilibrium gated radionuclide ventriculography (ernv) is a non - invasive, reproducible and minimally operator - dependent study . Ernv has been used widely for the assessment of wall motion abnormalities and left ventricular ejection fraction (lvef). Fourier phase analysis on ernv in addition this loss of synchronous... |
Hepatitis b virus is one of the most important factors for infected diseases in the world . It was estimated that 350 million people infected with hepatitis b virus and almost 75% patients are living in asia (1). Nearly one million people die annually from chronic liver diseases such as, chronic hepatitis b, cirrhosis ... |
It is a benign locally aggressive tumor usually involving the distal end of the femur, proximal tibia and distal radius in young adults . The main variables to be considered for planning treatment include the site of involvement and campanacci stage of the tumor . Different treatment options are available which include... |
Iridodialysis is not an uncommon complication during phacoemulsification procedures or any intraoperative maneuver, since the iris root is the thinnest and weakest portion of the stroma . When the eye is contused or the iris is accidentally engaged during an operation, separation occurs most frequently at this site.1 s... |
In patients with obstructive colorectal cancer, where conventional colonoscopy cannot traverse obstruction, clearance of the proximal colon remains a problem . A 58-year - old woman presented to her physician with rectal bleeding and intermittent diarrhea . Conventional colonoscopy revealed a bulky tumor which was diag... |
Venous thromboembolic (vte) disease encompasses deep venous thrombosis (dvt) and pulmonary embolus (pe). It is an important source of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients . With an increasing focus on patient safety and quality of care, vte has become a target measure of quality by multiple quality improvem... |
Cancer is a prothrombotic condition that predisposes patients to various thromboses such as lower extremities thromboses and pulmonary embolism [1, 2]. Obstruction of blood flow from external compression, frequently from lymph node masses, is also common, especially malignancy of the lower abdomen and pelvis which can ... |
Over the past years, the design and synthesis of nanostructured materials with desired size, shape, and morphology have attracted considerable attention for achieving novel morphology - dependent chemical physical properties. [1 - 8] particularly, porous nanostructure materials have received significant interest owing ... |
Patients aged between 10 and 65 years with type 1 diabetes diagnosed for more than 1 year, with reasonable metabolic control assessing carbohydrate intake and self - adjusting insulin, and an hba1c level <7.5%, using intensive insulin treatment with either an insulin pump or multiple daily injections, and not using a r... |
Traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a clinical condition which can have substantial and long - lasting effects not only upon brain structure, but also upon motor ability, attention, memory, higher cognition, personality, and affect . Due to the wide range of mechanisms whereby brain injury can be inflicted, the etiology of... |
Scheme 1 outlines the synthesis of novel thioacetamide (compounds 4a4z) and sulfinylacetamide (compounds 5a5 g) analogues of ()-1 . The thioacetamide analogues 4a4z were generated via three different synthetic routes . The first route (procedure a) affords the thioacetamides in one step and was employed in the synthesi... |
Reversible left ventricular (lv) dysfunction and takotsubo's cardiomyopathy has been described in endocrine conditions such as addison's disease, isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency, primary adrenal insufficiency in adrenal crisis, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, and multiple endocrine neoplasia . It has ... |
Munchausen syndrome is characterized by feigning physical symptoms to seek attention; it was first reported by asher in 1951 . We report a case of cutaneous munchausen syndrome in a patient who self - inflicted trauma to a postoperative wound . A 50-year - old japanese woman consulted the emergency department of our ho... |
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the alimentary tract . It represents approximately 1% to 2% of all the alimentary malignancies . Based on their phenotypic similarities, gists are considered to arise from muscularis propria of gastrointestinal tract, and derived from ... |
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (rln) injury is one of the most important complications during thyroid surgery, leading to dysfunction, and palsy of the vocal cords . For years, surgeons have attempted to prevent this complication by improving surgical techniques and optimizing surgical strategies . The identification an... |
Conventional venoplasty of post - liver transplant inferior vena cava (ivc) stenoses is limited by a high primary treatment failure rate and problematic durability . While ivc stenting may deliver a successful outcome after failed angioplasty, this approach, however, is not always suitable . Hepatic vein ostial coverag... |
Cough, sputum, and shortness of breath are cardinal features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). The natural history of copd is characterized by a progressive reduction in exercise tolerance and health - related quality of life (hrqol).1,2 the rate of decline in lung function, which is a strong predictor o... |
Codam participants were selected from a large cohort in the general population, as described in detail elsewhere (1820). Briefly, subjects were selected if they were of caucasian ethnicity, aged> 40 years, and had at least one of the following inclusion criteria: positive family history of t2 dm (first - degree relativ... |
Structural studies were carried out using an engineered hkor construct (see methods and supplementary fig . 1) and crystallized in cholesterol - doped monoolein lipidic cubic mesophase (see methods). The construct used displayed pharmacological behavior similar to that of a native receptor expressed in hek 293-t cells ... |
Procyanidins are the second most abundant natural phenolic after lignin, and they are widely distributed in fruits, berries, beans, nuts, cocoa, and wine . They participate in glucose homeostasis and modulate insulin synthesis, secretion, and degradation . Moreover, changes in -cell insulin production may also be due t... |
Primary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas (npacs) are extremely rare malignant tumors accounting for 0.38% to 0.48% of all malignant nasopharyngeal neoplasms and 0.70% of all nasopharyngeal carcinomas . These properties mean that the treatment of choice for these tumours is total surgical resection of the primary tumor, a... |
It has long been accepted that bipolar disorder has its peak onset in late adolescence to young adulthood . However, biederman and colleagues (wozniak et al ., 1995) proposed that most cases of bipolar disorder have a preschool age onset and that irritability, not elevated mood, is the core feature . Affective storms o... |
Both prospective and retrospective studies have shown that hemiplegic stroke patients are at a high risk of fall throughout their post - stroke lifespan1 . Although previous studies have reported varying fall rates among hemiplegic stroke patients, there is a general consensus regarding the higher fall rate in stroke p... |
Although the vocalizations of most animal species constitute their innate behavior, some animal groups, such as mammals (humans, cetaceans, bats, elephants, and pinnipeds) and birds (oscine songbirds, parrots, and hummingbirds) develop a complex vocal pattern through vocal learning [23, 24]. The songbird is an attracti... |
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