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Despite attempts to increase the number of potential kidney donors, there continues to be a significant shortage of kidneys available to meet the demand for renal transplantation . The gap between the number of patients waiting for a kidney transplant and the number of patients receiving a transplant has widened over t... |
Asphalt modification is a common practice since the last two decades throughout the united states of america (usa). Asphalt modification with synthetic and natural polymers is not a new concept in this industry, as one can find traces of modification back in 1843 . Synthetic rubber (neoprene) was used for asphalt modif... |
Traumatic injuries to the spinal cord frequently leave permanent neurological disabilities to the victims and impose enormous economic burdens on the families and society, yet there is no single effective therapeutic option to improve functional recovery . Recent studies have shown promises that cellular replacement ei... |
Sexually undifferentiated juvenile sea bass (approximately 1 year of age) were obtained from coelho & castro lda . (pvoa do varzim, portugal) and were kept in 2,000-l glass fiber tanks (density, 24 kg / m) supplied with natural sea - water (20 1) until exposures began . Fish used for studies had an average body weight ... |
The basic reproduction number r0 of an infectious agent is defined as the expected number of secondary cases caused by one typical infected individual in a population consisting of susceptibles only . When an outbreak has started and the approximation that the population is fully susceptible no longer holds, one genera... |
Developmental dyslexia is a neurological condition characterized by difficulties in reading - related tasks such as word recognition and spelling in spite of normal intelligence, adequate education and motivation to read proficiently (lyon et al ., 2003). (2012) for meta - analyses] have identified abnormalities associ... |
Cancer occurrence is highly influenced by environment, genetic, gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, education, culture, obesity, and all life style related factors which might result in incidence rate change of these cancers in every population (1, 2). Main gynecologic cancers (ovary, endometrium and cervix) besid... |
Traumatic duodenal injuries with significant tissue loss are rarely seen but are a potentially challenging problem when they occur in either children or adults [1 - 3]. The incidence of duodenal injury in the literature ranges from 3.7% to 5.0% and it is often accompanied by other abdominal injuries because of its clos... |
Huntington's disease (hd) is an adult - onset autosomal - dominant inherited neurodegenerative disorder with progressive symptoms that include involuntary movements, cognitive deficits, and various psychiatric disturbances [13]. Hd is caused by an expanded cag repeat in the huntingtin gene [46]. The expanded cag repeat... |
N bond in an aromatic system results in azaborines, heterocycles that retain most of the aromatic character and thermal stability associated with their c = c analogues . N bond desymmetrizes the heterocycle, allowing functionalization at various positions around the ring with complete regiochemical control . This permi... |
In june 2001, five persons with a febrile respiratory illness visited a community hospital . The patients were among 15 persons (age range 1961 years; median 38 years), residents of four states, who had participated in a geology - biology community college class trip to nicaragua . To determine the cause and describe c... |
Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (cad) has long been shown to involve inflammatory processes . Numerous pathways and markers have been studied in order to detect the presence and evolution of this disease . The role of various biological inflammatory markers as risk factors and prognosticators has been elucidate... |
The field of cancer chemotherapy has been developed enormously during the past fifty years . Prior to 1969, however, the arsenal of chemotherapeutic agents was devoid of compounds which are inorganic in nature because of generally accepted belief that most metals and their compounds were potentially carcinogenic . In 1... |
Platelet - rich plasma (prp) is a platelet concentrate in a small plasma volume . These proteins are capable of enhancing cell adhesion and act like a matrix for the formation of bone, connective tissue and epithelium.1 platelets contain growth factors in their alfa granules, such as platelet - derived growth factor, t... |
Thoracolumbar penetrating spinal cord injury (sci) often produces motor and sensory alterations in hindlimbs . Promising pharmacological treatments and treadmill locomotion training are used for inducing restoration of locomotion and spinal reflexes after contusive, compressive lesions or by a penetrating sci [24]. Loc... |
Despite routine screening and advances in treatment, retinopathy of prematurity (rop) remains a major cause of vision loss in children . It is estimated that 14,00016,000 preterm infants in the usa are affected by some degree of rop each year, and the rate of rop is increasing worldwide . This disease entity is charact... |
In recent years, as cesarean sections themselves have become more common, more and more delivery rooms have allowed husbands / partners to be present during a cesarean section, arguing that this reduces the mother's anxiety, cements the father's role in childrearing, and reflects current occupational positions on patie... |
The management of high - risk surgical patients (hrsp) presents a huge challenge to anesthetist as a perioperative physician . Often, there is a need to balance on one hand the provision of a good anesthesia that prevents undue stimulation of sympathetic responses / reflexes and then tilting the already deranged hemody... |
Autism spectrum disorders (asd), according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5 edition (dsm-5), are neurodevelopmental pathologies impairing both social competencies and patterns of behavior . Until today it is probably also for this reason that in the last decades complementary and alternati... |
Exposure to asbestos fibres has been shown to cause asbestosis, pleural diseases such as pleural plaques, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma and some other types of cancers [13]. One of the most frequent diseases caused by inhalation of asbestos is asbestosis, an interstitial pulmonary process that slowly develops int... |
Many internet vendors including amazon, google, and microsoft have introduced various cloud solutions to provide computing resources, programming environments, and software as services in a pay - as - you - go manner . For example, amazon introduces amazon elastic compute cloud (ec2) which provides computing cycle as a... |
The back squat (bs) is a fundamental exercise prescribed for both athletes and non - athletes for developing lower - body strength . The resulting leg, hip, and back strength from the prescription of systematic squat resistance training reportedly improves athletic performance when included in a training program (20, 2... |
Genitourinary tuberculosis (tb) is the second most common extrapulmonary form of tb after lymphadenopathy . Genitourinary tb accounts for 27% (range 1441%) of nonpulmonary cases and is usually a late complication of pulmonary tb . Renal damage due to caseous destruction of renal parenchyma or obstructive uropathy is we... |
The population impact of arterial hypertension (aht) consists in its high prevalence and in the strength of its risk ratio with cardiovascular pathologic conditions . More than a quarter of the world adult population is already hypertensive and this number is projected to increase to 1,56 billion people by 2025 . This ... |
The high - density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl - c) is a group of heterogeneous lipoproteins that are involved in the transport of sterols and lipids . Guidelines for management of patients with dyslipidemia primarily focus on achievement of target low - density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl - c) levels for coronary he... |
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv ecmo) has been well described to manage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). The onset of ards in the setting of h1n1 influenza is often hyper - acute, requiring emergent ventilatory support and, in severe cases, ecmo cannulation . In the setting of emergent int... |
Mirizzi syndrome, first described in 1948, is where there is repeated inflammation of the gallbladder from a gallstone impacted in either the cystic duct or gallbladder neck . This leads to the formation of adhesions from the gallbladder to the common bile duct resulting in anatomic distortion of these structures . Mir... |
Sleeve cages were constructed in two sizes, 10 by 40 cm and 60 by 100 cm, from standard white polyester voile (hancock fabrics, lexington, ky) and from white nylon mesh (70 m thread diameter and 161 m mesh opening, dynamesh, west chicago, il) sewn on three sides using polyester thread to form a bag . Five healthy easte... |
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1 dm) is the most common endocrine - metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence that has important consequences for physical and emotional development . Appropriate management of the disease and maintenance of blood glucose level in the normal range could reduce the rate of complications... |
Spinal meningocele is associated with spina bifida cysts and may occur at any age . However, intrapelvic meningocele is rare and, without spinal compression, this type of meningocele does not cause any discomfort . For this reason, intrapelvic meningocele has not attracted much attention for a long time . Here, we repo... |
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (sih) is an uncommon cause of sudden and persistent headache and patients typically present with postural or exertional headaches that can be temporarily relieved by lying in a supine or recumbent position . Associated symptoms are common, among which there are cranial nerve palsies... |
A 52-year - old healthy man presented with intermittent ocular pain of indistinct duration in his right eye . His best - corrected visual acuity (bcva) was 20/20, and the intraocular pressure in the right eye was 10 mmhg . Slit - lamp and gonioscopic examination of the right eye showed an irregularly - shaped pigmented... |
Tobacco use is among the most prevalent, albeit preventable, human carcinogen exposures . Cigarette smoking causes up to 90% of lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer death in the united states, resulting in a projected 159,480 deaths in 2013 . Tobacco - specific nitrosamines (tsna) are among the most significant... |
Diabetes is a growing epidemic affecting more than 346 million people worldwide (13). The metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes lead to altered platelet, endothelial cell, and smooth muscle cell function (47). Together, these changes promote systemic atherosclerosis and lead to the traditional micro- and mac... |
Nonunion of a fracture can pose a significant challenge in terms of skeletal stability, soft tissue biomechanics and potential limb loss . They most commonly occur as a consequence of infection, mal - alignment, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities . However, in otherwise healthy young individuals, such etiologies are... |
Patients were selected for inclusion in this study from different cohorts tested on either family - based wes, targeted resequencing or high - resolution melting analysis (table 1). Clinical evaluation was performed by at least one expert clinical geneticist . Written informed consent for inclusion in the study was obt... |
Ocular burns constitute true ocular emergencies, and both thermal and chemical burns represent potentially blinding ocular injuries . Recovery of ocular surface burns depends upon the causative agent and the extent of damage to corneal, limbal, and conjunctival tissues at the time of injury.1 developments in the manage... |
Resistance exercise using weight machines or body weight builds muscle strength, helps rehabilitate athletes, prevents injuries, and improves health in typical adults1 . Resistance exercises can be categorized biomechanically into open kinetic chain (okc) and closed kinetic chain (ckc) exercises . Okc exercises result ... |
Rotator cuff tears are very common injuries; ruptures generally occur within the tendon or as an avulsion from the greater tuberosity [1, 2]. Musculotendinous ruptures are common both in the upper and in the lower extremities; ruptures of the rotator cuff through the musculotendinous junction are exceptional . We descr... |
The american heart association s (aha s) strategic planning task force and statistical committee recently implemented 2020 impact goals for cardiovascular health promotion called life s simple 7 (1). These goals are based on the current understanding of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (cvd) and provi... |
It is the definitive management option for thyroid malignancies and also for benign diseases such as multinodular goiter symptomatic of compression . In the hands of an experienced surgeon, it is a safe procedure . Main postoperative complications include bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and hypocalcemia dep... |
Non - accidental ingestion of foreign bodies rarely occurs in adults but should be recognized as a risk factor in those with psychiatric illnesses or learning difficulties . We report a case of multiple magnet ingestion in an adult with learning difficulties, to highlight the associated abdominal complications . A 28-y... |
Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (eipd) is a rare disease of unknown origin which was first described by mendl in 1960 . In the majority of cases dysphagia, which sometimes slowly progresses, eipd is often associated with gastroesophageal reflux, chronic alcohol abuse, diabetes and candida infection, but its ... |
Severe sepsis, septic shock, and the resulting multiple organ failure / dysfunction syndrome represent an ongoing challenge in intensive care units [15]. With mortality ranging from 40% to 70%, septic shock is the most common cause of death in intensive care medicine [2, 6]. Despite intensive basic research and clinica... |
One of the goals of occupational therapy is to help improve the performance of functional tasks in daily life1 . In particular, hand and upper extremity activities play an important role in tasks of daily living such as dressing, using a keyboard, eating and so forth2 . One of the important systems involved in function... |
As in most other developing nations, critical care medicine as a specialty has developed very slowly and only recently in india . The coronary care units were developed in the early to mid-1970s . Perhaps the main pioneer of the field of critical care in india was farokh e udwadia, a brilliant physician with internatio... |
Secondary surgery of the neck for persistent or recurrent thyroid cancer (tc) is still the subject of debate . The advocated extent of the salvage neck dissection (nd) has not been established yet . Subsequent procedure for the central compartment (cc) carries the risk related directly to the anatomy of this region . U... |
The spondyloarthritides (spa) are a group of inflammatory rheumatic disorders related by clinical symptoms and genetic predisposition . They include ankylosing spondylitis (as), psoriatic arthritis (psa), reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease- (ibd-) related spa, and undifferentiated spa . They share a number ... |
Population aging has increased public interest in maintaining a healthy and high - quality life1 . Methods to prevent the functional disorders of the elderly, lengthen the span of their healthy lives, and reduce their social and economic burdens are needed2, 3 . In recent years, customized exercise methods for the elde... |
Sebaceous carcinoma, first described by allaire in 1891 accounts for less than 1% of all cutaneous malignancies . It is a rare but aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from sebaceous glands with a tendency for both local recurrence and distant metastases . We report a case of an extraocular type of sebaceous carci... |
Parkinson s disease (pd) is the second most frequent age - associated brain degeneration disorder, affecting about 1% of the population over 65 years of age . The pd - specific progressive movement deficit is mostly due to the severe affliction and cell death of midbrain nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons . Surviving n... |
Holoprosencephaly (hpe) is a type of central nervous system malformation resulting from hypoplasia or aplasia of the most rostral end of the neural tube and premaxillary segment of the face . It is characterized by varying degrees of incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres and deep brain structures such as ba... |
Dry eye disease (des) is a major tear deficiency disorder which causes discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface . The tear film and ocular surface form a complex and stable system that can lose its equilibrium through multiple disturbing factors . Despite th... |
On ageing, a nonmodifiable cardiovascular risk factor, hypertension becomes the most important modifiable risk factor for developing cerebrovascular disease, including stroke, cerebral small vessel disease (lacunar infarcts, white matter lesions, microbleeds), and cognitive impairment or vascular dementia . Silent cere... |
Across a very broad taxonomic range animals frequently respond differentially to close kin, even if those kin were previously unfamiliar . Logically, this differentiation between individuals according to kinship requires well - defined mechanisms to allow recognition . And whereas animals may learn the cues of familiar... |
Alopecia can be a manifestation of mycosis fungoides (mf); however, the prevalence is unknown . Alopecia is a typical consequence of folliculotropic variant of mf (f - mf), although due to the paucity of f - mf, data regarding detailed findings in these patients are limited . Primary cutaneous t - cell lymphomas (ctcls... |
However, it has a higher frequency among patients younger than 40 years, patients with thrombophilia and patients that have foreign body such as catheter in their veins or arterial system . In this case report, we described the clinical and radiological findings of a patient who developed cerebral vein thrombosis post ... |
For those patients presenting with symptoms of small - bowel obstruction, the list of differential diagnoses is vast, with numerous extramural, mural and luminal causes . In this report, we describe two cases that presented with a history and imaging suggestive of small - bowel obstruction . Both had deranged clotting ... |
In accordance with the goals of this special issue of metal - based drugs, this article deems to fulfil a teaching and guiding role in new anticancer drug research . We hope it will spawn new ideas and new research in the field of anticancer therapy . In what follows, we first create an understanding of why new antican... |
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in applying the concept of tissue engineering to endodontics . The creation and delivery of new tissues to replace diseased, missing, or traumatized pulp potential technologies for regenerative endodontics include root canal revascularization, post natal stem cell therapy... |
Radiology plays an important role in the diagnostic assessment of dental patients . For this reason, several imaging methods have been introduced and employed to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment plans . Cone - beam computed tomography (cbct) is a novel imaging technology that has been used in the craniof... |
Home testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea has high sensitivity (about 90%) and specificity (> 99%), and is well accepted in adolescent and young adult populations [13]. Studies in the us and in denmark demonstrate that home testing significantly increases the likelihood that tests will occur [1, 2]. It is well establish... |
Replication stress is a well - characterized tumor characteristic and has recently been considered as a potential new hallmark of cancer (macheret and halazonetis, 2015). Replication stress leads to the activation of the dna damage response (ddr), which is associated with the early stages of cancer development (bartkov... |
A liberian man 47 years of age living in the united states traveled to liberia in january 2010 . He arrived in monrovia, then spent 5 days traveling throughout nimba county in north - central liberia, bordering guinea and cte divoire . He reported sleeping nightly in his rural native village in a dwelling infested with... |
Some penicillins have been reported to cause occupational diseases, including bronchial asthma (1, 2), anaphylaxis (3), contact urticaria (4), contact dermatitis (5), and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (6), in pharmaceutical workers and health care professionals . Occupational contact urticaria and anaphylaxis induced by... |
An electrical storm (es) in ischaemic heart disease usually manifest as recurrent ventricular arrhythmias that are resistant to the antiarrhythmic drugs . We report an incident of es in a patient, which was treated with left stellate ganglion block (lsgb) under ultrasound guidance followed by left cardiac sympathetic d... |
There is currently no vaccine available for any form of leishmanias, including visceral leishmaniasis (vl), which if left untreated is almost always fatal . Vl results from systemic infection with l. infantum (also known as l. chagasi) which occurs in europe, north africa, south and central america, and l. donovani, wh... |
The formation of cysts in the jaws possesses unique features regarding their pathology and implicates the odontogenic tooth - forming apparatus . In most classification schemes odontogenic cysts are divided in two major categories, namely the developmental cysts and the cysts that are initiated in areas of acute or chr... |
Predominantly found in the tendon sheaths or joints of the fingers and toes, and rarely in larger joints such as the knee or ankle.12 although localized nodular synovitis involving the infrapatellar fat pad has been occasionally reported,34 mechanical symptoms such as locking or restricted knee motion are rare, with va... |
Malignant tumors of the exocrine pancreas occur mainly in adults in their sixth or seventh decade of life . They commonly present with late - stage disease, and have poor prognosis, even in cases with primary resectable disease . Less frequent histologies include intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with transition... |
Over the last 15 years, laparoscopy has been inexorably integrated into urologic practice . However, during this transition period, urologic training programs are only now beginning to provide systematic and fundamental minimally invasive surgery (mis) training to residents . Additionally, there remains a significant p... |
Testicular microlithiasis (tm) is an uncommon pathologic condition that is commonly diagnosed by scrotal ultrasonography . The characteristic ultrasound (us) appearance of tm involves multiple bright foci, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, that are limited to the testicles . There is little or no acoustic shadowing, and microlith... |
17-estradiol (e2) is a member of the family of steroid hormones which controls many aspects of mammalian physiology . Although its ability to stimulate breast cell proliferation is one of e2 normal roles, it increases the risk of breast cancer [1, 2]. Classically, e2 actions are mediated upon binding on two intracellul... |
Transfusion - dependent -thalassemia major (-tm) is a type of inherited blood disorder resulting in severe and chronic anemia . Multi blood transfusion regimen is the first effective measure in prolonging life among these patients; however, excessive iron overload caused by repeated blood transfusions can result in mul... |
Bifid mandibular condyle is an uncommon anomaly with an unclear origin, which was first described in 1941 by hardlicka . The condylar head is divided into two partially or completely separated lobes by a rift or a deep groove . The separating groove can be oriented anteroposteriorly or mediolaterally to determine the s... |
Multiple 5-m - thick sections of representative formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded tissues were cut for immunohistochemical studies . A polymer - based technique was used for the detection of ki-67 (clone mib-1, n1633, dakocytomation, glostrup, denmark) and p63 (clone 4a4, 1:100 dilution, dakocytomation, glostrup, d... |
Monocytes / macrophages play a critical role in managing innate and adaptive immunity - including inflammatory processes by secreting proinflammatory molecules (eg . Tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-, and nitric oxide (no)). The activation of macrophages and monocytes is mediated by activation of various receptors including... |
Progressive systemic sclerosis (pss) is an inflammatory disease of connective tissue, with onset as edema that continues with fibrosis, induration, and skin atrophy, followed by attacks on the joints, internal organs, and secondary proliferation of connective tissue (1). Other attacked organs besides the skin are: esop... |
Isotretinoin (13-cis - retinoic acid), a synthetic analog of vitamin a, is used primarily for severe cystic acne and acne that has not responded to conventional treatments . They include abnormal meibomian gland secretion, blepharoconjunctivitis, corneal opacities, decreased dark adaptation, decreased tolerance to cont... |
Although spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (sseh) is a low incidence condition, it is widely recognised throughout the literature as a cause of myelopathy [5, 15]. The relationship between sseh and anticoagulant therapy is well known and the probable cause of bleeding is thought to be the rupture of the venous epid... |
To provide maximal efficacy in preventing cardiovascular events, -blockers should be present at sufficient strength over the entire 24-h day.this modeling study showed that bisoprolol and metoprolol succinate provide comparable overall blood pressure - lowering activity.however, there are differences between the two dr... |
Recent advances in high - throughput sequencing technologies have enabled us to determine many genomic sequences quickly and cheaply . The use of biological sequence information has greatly facilitated the r&d process in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, medical and chemical industries (1). Sequences patent owners can ... |
Since the special quartz fiberoptic transmission system was developed, it is possible to apply laser energy through a flexible fiber endoscope . After the first use of the endoscopic laser for the treatment of active gastrointestinal bleeding in 1975, by fruhmorgen, endoscopic laser therapy has been widely used, not on... |
Metabolic pathway models consist of enzymatic reactions described by their stoichiometry, the enzymatic rate laws, and their kinetic constants (such as, for instance, equilibrium constants or catalytic constants). The more we know about these quantities, the more reliably we can simulate the metabolic dynamics . Kineti... |
Flaccidity appears during the early stage after stroke; however, as time passes, it is accompanied by spasticity, which occurs in 90% of stroke patients . In particular, spasticity of the ankle plantar flexor disrupts static and dynamic balance, as well as the normal gait pattern1, 2 . Shortened calf muscles in individ... |
We report a case of a 63-year - old male who presented to the outpatient department with complaints of hoarseness of voice and throat pain of three months duration . Clinical, otorhinolaryngological and cytological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma of supraglotic larynx (stage t2 n1 m0, t = tumor, n = lymph ... |
Severe epstein - barr virus (ebv) disease has been observed increasingly in immune deficient hosts having congenital immunodeficiency syndrome or acquired immune suppression . In an immune competent host, ebv may be eliminated by cytotoxic t cells evoked by the ebv antigen, or the virus can survive in the human body th... |
Phytate - degrading enzyme (phytase, ec 3.1.3.8) preparations have a wide range of applications in animal and human nutrition . Besides that, these enzymes have also attracted considerable attention from both scientists and entrepreneurs in the areas of environmental protection and biotechnology . Phytases are of great... |
Globally, an anticipated difficult airway is managed most often with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (ffb)-guided tracheal intubation . In patients with restricted mouth opening, intubation is done through the nasal route, which is unpredictable in terms of the maximum tube size allowable . During ffb - guided intubat... |
Synovial sarcoma (ss), though very rarely encountered, could also arise in this location [18]. Around 80% of synovial sarcomas tumor size of 5 cm [1117] and completeness of resection [16, 18, 19] are the most consistent prognostic factors among previous reports . Other factors, though less consistently identified, incl... |
However, laparoscopic techniques also have limitations, including an unstable camera platform, the limited motion of straight laparoscopic instruments, two - dimensional (2d) vision, and poor ergonomics for the surgeon . The da vinci surgical system (intuitive surgical, sunnyvale, ca, usa) was specifically designed to ... |
Blood glucose homeostasis can be disturbed by many clinical conditions such as pregnancy and obesity and cause -cell mass expansion to meet the increased demand of insulin [1, 2]. However, the mechanism of action underlying the expansion of -cells is currently unclear [36]. Although glucose has been postulated to regul... |
Glucagon - like peptide-1 (glp-1) is produced by posttranslational proteolytic cleavage of the proglucagon gene product and mainly secreted from the enteroendocrine l cells in the distal intestine in response to nutrient ingestion . Glp-1 is an incretin hormone, which increases glucose - stimulated insulin secretion [1... |
A widely accepted definition of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the presence of symptoms and signs of peripheral nerve dysfunction in people with diabetes after exclusion of other causes (boulton 1998). It can be classified into several syndromes each with a distinct pattern of involvement of peripheral nerves . Diab... |
Nickel (ni)-containing alloys has become an integral part of almost every routine orthodontic intervention . As contemporary orthodontics relies on various bonded attachments, arch wires, and other devices to achieve tooth movement . The demands made on them are complex because they are placed under many stresses in th... |
Glucocorticoids were among the first drug classes used in the treatment of patients with all and are still essential components of treatment . The glucocorticoid receptors (gr) can form dimers, translocate to the nucleus, and interact with glucocorticoid - response elements to transactivate gene expression, or they can... |
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