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Use of antiepileptic drugs (aeds) during pregnancy presents the dilemma of minimising the risk of seizure and avoiding adverse effects in the unborn child . Various studies revealed that prenatal exposure of aeds imparts serious effects on infants [13]. Further, prenatal exposures to aeds were also reported to produce ... |
A hemangioma can rarely be pedunculated; as a result, it may undergo torsion and infarction, which can make it symptomatic . We report the case of a 45-year - old woman with acute abdominal pain due to torsion of a giant pedunculated hepatic hemangioma around its vascular stalk . Pedunculated hemangioma of the liver is... |
Many studies have examined the effects and treatment of post - stroke depression (psd).1 patients with left - sided basal ganglia lesions have shown a significantly higher frequency and severity of depression compared with patients with right - sided basal ganglia or thalamic lesions.2 emotional lability described as e... |
38 cases (13.92%) had varied symptoms of anxiety, irritability, sleeplessness, agitation, unprovoked aggressive behavior, and mild depression following the detection of hiv positivity table 1 . Hiv seropositive status and psychological symptoms a detailed analysis of the seropositive cases from jan 2010 to aug 2010 rev... |
Lung fibroblasts play an important role in the repair processes following lung injury and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). Impaired repair function of lung fibroblasts could result in emphysema, while overproduction of extracellular matrix by fibroblasts may lead to peribr... |
Worldwide prevalence of diabetes has been recently increased over two - fold and is estimated to affect 439 million people by the year 2030 (1, 2). Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose level resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action (2). 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (vit ... |
Necrobiosis lipoidica (nl) is a disease with clinical features that are seldom misinterpreted . A 67-year - old woman was admitted to our department with a well - defined, persistent plaque on her right shin (fig the old lesion, which was located on the anterior surface of the shin, was characterized by sharply defined... |
The call to action on diabetes by the international diabetes federation was based on a clear message that diabetes is everyone's business. (1) we see tremendous efforts in this space both from the government, as well as from non - governmental organizations, researchers, academicians, and corporate sector . The ministr... |
Ellis - van creveld (evc) syndrome, also called chondroectodermal dysplasia, mesoectodermal dysplasia, or chondrodystrophy, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder [1, 2]. Its reported incidence in amish population of pennsylvania, usa, is one in 1,500,000 live births and in non - amish population, the incide... |
The golden triad for a successful outcome in posterior urethral anastomosis (pua) has been defined as complete excision of scarred tissue, a lateral fixation of healthy urethral end mucosa, and the creation of a tension - free anastomosis . Even in patients with unfavorable conditions, such as a stricture gap that exce... |
Attempts to define life have touched nearly every scientific discipline and have been a long - standing subject in philosophy . Even when limited to the realm of biology, the definitions of life fall short of universal agreement and remain a widely debated subject . The practice of reductionism, whereby life is conside... |
Opening of the asylum in hadzi sinan tekke in sarajevo in the eighteenth century practically meant the beginning of an organized health services in bosnia and herzegovina (1). The first hospital was the one in sarajevo, named vakuf hospital, built in year 1866 . Austro - hungarian administration in our country begins t... |
It is a common disease in tropical and subtropical regions with a worldwide prevalence of 2%7%.1 although historically described as a degenerative condition, it is more closely associated with inflammation and progressive fibrovascular proliferation.2 a pterygium commonly grows from the nasal side of the bulbar conjunc... |
There are two main mechanisms ensuring the efficient transfer of amyloidogenic proteins from the cytosolic or extracellular milieu to neuronal plasma membranes . The first one is the reduction of dimensionality (from 3d to 2d) that occurs when a soluble protein dissolved in the bulk solvent binds to a membrane surface ... |
Atherosclerosis, a progressive inflammatory disease, results in the development of plaques within the arterial walls that may contain intracellular and extracellular lipids, a variety of inflammatory cells, extracellular matrix, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and calcification [14]. Acute coronary syndrome (acs) and... |
Parasitological study - laboratory breeding scheme for snails - the snails used in this study were originally obtained from water channels running in alexandria governorate (egypt) and were maintained for two years in the parasitology department, faculty of medicine, alexandria university, egypt . The snails were house... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a serious lung disease that severely threatens people s health . Copd has become a global health problem and is expected to be the third leading cause of mortality worldwide by 2020 . The main characteristics of copd are persistent airflow limitation and acute respiratory... |
A fecal specimen was obtained from a piglet experimentally infected with strain ska-1, which was first isolated from a pig with diarrhea in tottori prefecture, japan . Rna was extracted from a 20% fecal suspension in phosphate - buffered saline by using the isogen - ls kit (nippon gene ltd ., (13) with some modificatio... |
The worldwide growth in childhood obesity (apfelbacher et al . 2008; stamatakis et al . 2010) in connection with a corresponding decline in physical activity (pa) and inappropriate dietary patterns (edwards et al . 2005) has led to the need for open discussion regarding possible effective methods of increasing children... |
Renal transplantation (rt) as an effective mode of treatment of end stage renal disease has gained popularity across the world ., rt provides a much better overall outcome . With technological advances and availability of effective therapy for immunosuppression the life expectancy after rt has gone up . That gives us t... |
Genetic susceptibility and exposure to neurotoxins are contributors to brain tissue malfunction and neuronal cell loss . Environmental toxins influence pd onset (rajput 2001) and are also suggested to be involved in atypical parkinsonian syndromes (caparros - lefebvre and lees 2005) and progressive supranuclear palsy (... |
The demand for an effective fabrication method for a large - area nanostructure array has recently stimulated increased interest and research activities in the fields of optics and optoelectronics, including photovoltaic cells, light - emitting devices, and photo - detectors . Two - dimensional arrays of nanostructures... |
Pregnancy - induced hypertension (pih), a leading complication in pregnancy that affects the mother and fetus, is becoming more frequent mainly because of increasing maternal age . Maternal obesity, a basal condition that increases the risk of pih 3-fold, has also increased over the decades . On the other hand, increas... |
It is essential in child development of language and includes the ability to detect, find, discriminate, memorize, recognize, and comprehend sounds . All the developmental steps of hearing are important and connected; therefore, the interruption of one or more of the steps induces important damage in the child.1 more t... |
Crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc) are the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds) in humans . The etiology of ibd is still unknown, but evidence has been accumulated to indicate that environmental and genetic factors contribute to promote an immunopathologic process leading to chronic inflammat... |
Each of the options has limitations, such as the need for second site of surgery, limited supply, inadequate size and shape, and the morbidity associated with donor site; thus, there remains a need for the new option . Synthetic hydroxyapatite is widely used as a bone substitute material because it can bond directly to... |
A triad of high triglycerides, low high - density lipoprotein (hdl) cholesterol and elevated small dense low - density lipoprotein (ldl) particles occurring in a patient with type 2 diabetes is referred to atherogenic diabetic dyslipidemia (add). Insulin resistance at the level of adipocyte causing increased free fatty... |
The gut microbiota, which resides in the gastrointestinal tract (git) and is also termed microflora, plays an important role in human health and disease . The git is comprised of the stomach, the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum, the colon, the rectum, and the anal canal . The lower digestive tract, specifically the co... |
Cancer is a major public health problem all over the world, and has become one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality . The epidemiology of cancer is influenced by the aging and growth of the world population and a rise in cancer - causing behaviors; therefore, the global burden of cancer is rapidly increasin... |
The and subunits of pcc were co - expressed in e. coli, with a his - tag on the subunit . Crystals were obtained by the microbatch method under oil, and the structures were determined by the molecular replacement method . Frozen hydrated human pcc particles at 70 g / ml concentration were imaged at 50,000 magnification... |
46,xx gonadal dysgenesis is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by underdeveloped ovaries with consequent, impuberism, primary amenorrhea, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and occurs in <1 in 10,000 women . The forms of 46,xx gonadal dysgenesis not associated with somatic malformations are more co... |
Clay - shoveler's fracture is isolated spinous process avulsion fracture classically observed in the lower cervical or upper thoracic spine . This type of fracture is most common in those who engaged in hard physical labor3,6,7). Recently, several cases of isolated spinous process fractures that are caused by motor veh... |
During june august 2010, a total of 152 fecal samples were collected from the rectums of piglets (age 13 months; weight 624 kg), fattening pigs (age 34 months; weight 2550 kg), and sows (age 12 years; weight 180250 kg). The pigs were raised in 6 farrow - to - finish farms, 2 fattening farms, and 1 weaner indoor farm of... |
A 3 year old girl initially presented at an outside institution with bruising on her left shoulder at 3 months of age . She was diagnosed with an infantile hemangioma, which did not respond to subsequent standard treatment consisting of six laser therapy treatments and 8 months of propranolol . Continued enlargement of... |
Dama means a rejection of the permission previously given by the patient to allow health services providers to take care of him (3). Dama is accounted for one percent of total discharges in canada and varies from 0.8% to 2.2% in the us (5, 7). Besides, in studies conducted in iran, various rates of dama have been repor... |
There are controversies surrounding the role of diuretic renal scans when deciding on conservative therapy or surgery in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (upjo). It remains difficult to choose an optimal time for surgery as a result of the high variability in renal function, the degree of obstruction, t... |
Resin composites are the most commonly used aesthetic restorative materials due to their universal usage, resemblance to tooth structure in color and mechanical properties, requiring minimal removal of tooth structure and ease of chair side use . Today, the common problem of aesthetic dentistry is discoloration and col... |
For many purposes, it is useful to have a list of protein sequences of known structure from entries in the protein data bank (pdb) (1) that fit certain user - defined criteria . These purposes include statistical analysis of certain structural features, such as side - chain rotamer distributions (2), benchmarking seque... |
Various surgical techniques have been developed to optimize esthetic outcomes even in operations for malignancy . Unlike other parts of the body, thus, it is crucial to minimize postoperative scarring in these areas, especially in neck dissection (nd). Robot - assisted and endoscopic - assisted surgeries are typical ex... |
Ractopamine hydrochloride (rachcl, mw 337.85, (1r*,3r*),(1r*,3s*)-4-hydroxy - r-[[[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]amino]methyl]-benzenemethanol hydrochloride (figure 1)) is a phenethanolamine member of the family of -adrenergic agonists (-agonists). These compounds are mainly used in human and veterinary medicine a... |
About a thousand complete microbial genomes have been sequenced to date [961 genomes in the genomes on line database (gold) on 1 april 2009 (1)], and many different methods have been used to predict genes, yielding large differences in gene annotation even across closely related species . Furthermore, very few entries ... |
Organophosphate (op) and paraquat (pq) pesticide ingestion is a serious health problem especially in developing countries, since op compounds were involved in 76% of pesticide poisoning [1, 2] and pq self - poisoning has the highest case fatality (65%) for any poisoning in sri lanka . The two important pathologies behi... |
There are currently large african immigrant populations living in philadelphia and other united states cities [1, 2]. Some of these new immigrants arrive hiv - infected and co - infected with tb and other parasitic diseases such as malaria, filariasis and other helminthes [3, 4]. Accordingly, the prevalence of hiv in t... |
Dna origami robots were designed using cadnano 2.0 (http://cadnano.org), and folded using m13mp18 ssdna as scaffold strand in tae buffer containing 10 mm magnesium . Robots were imaged using tem and afm, and their states were measured using flow cytometry . Adult blaberus discoidalis were maintained at constant room te... |
According to the world health organization (who), depression was ranked as the third leading cause of the global burden of disease in 2004 and will move into the first place by 2030 . Worldwide, the fifth contributor to the burden of disease in 2020 is predicted to be copd.1,2 as defined by american thoracic society (a... |
Multiple etiological factors implicated such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation, pregnancy, contraceptive pills, hormone replacement therapy, cosmetics, phototoxic and anti - seizure medications . In addition to the uv light itself, photo - induced hormones, growth factors, and chemical mediators of inflammation, whi... |
Due to the changes in work demands of the nursing faculties and clinical setting, nursing teachers are having difficulties fulfilling multiple roles expectations and balancing the various dimensions of their roles (1). Nursing teachers inevitably endure a lot of stress (2), while complex work - related requirements and... |
Parkinson's disease (pd) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with various motor and non - motor features that adversely affect function to varying degrees depending on the patient7). Pd typically affects patients in the seventh decade, and the cardinal signs of pd include resting tremor, rigidity, br... |
Intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring used can effectively guide the use of fluid resuscitation with the goal of reducing length of stay- . Non- or minimally - invasive methods of determining cardiac output (co) may allow guided fluid therapy in a goal - directed fashion and mitigate the risks inherent in insertion of ... |
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is an uncommon cause of duodenal obstruction, and its manifestations are generally associated with compression on the third part of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery . In this report, a patient is described presenting with epigastric pain and wei... |
Recent phase iii trials have demonstrated the benefits of maintenance therapy with pemetrexed for metastatic non - small cell lung cancer (nsclc) [1, 2]. Pemetrexed maintenance therapy improved progression - free survival and overall survival by both continuation and switch maintenance strategies . With the support of ... |
Hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) is a diffuse inflammatory state of the urinary bladder that can occur as a complication of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or infection . It may result in hemorrhage of the bladder mucosa, which is observed clinically as hematuria . The focus of this article will be on radiation - induced hc, a re... |
One of the goals of pediatrics is children s achievement of maximum growth and development . Periodic surveillance of normal growth and development and screening for abnormalities are the major ways to achieve this goal . To this end, birth weight is considered the most important index of neonates growth and the most i... |
Conventional orthognathic surgery and craniofacial reconstruction have experienced widespread success, but several limitations are associated with these treatment modalities . Distraction osteogenesis is the process of new bone formation at the vascularized margin of bone segments separated by incremental traction . Th... |
Two techniques have been developed for the percutaneous placement of bilateral self - expandable metallic stent (sems) for palliative drainage: stent - in - stent and side - by - side deployment techniques, in which two tubular stents were used for bilateral sems deployment, including y and t - configured stent placeme... |
Paracetamol belongs to the class of medications called analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer) and is widely used as an over - the - counter (otc) pain and fever medication to relieve mild to moderate pain from head, muscle, menstrual period, cold, sore throat, tooth, reactions to vaccination (shot), ... |
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis is a condition of unusual and asymmetrical gonadal development leading to an unassigned sex differentiation . A number of differences have been reported in the karyotype, most commonly a mosaicism 45,x/ 46, xy . A 16-year - old person, reared as female, born out of nonconsanguineous marriage, p... |
The colonic epithelial lining is a highly regenerative tissue, with resident stem cells replenishing the tissue every few days . This process of regeneration requires the maintenance of a proliferative stem cell compartment . Over time, the newly produced daughter cells lose their proliferative potential and migrate to... |
Treating cognitive impairment, along with motor recovery and improving performance in daily activities, is one of the key focus areas of stroke rehabilitation . As cognition is closely related to patient motivation and motor function improvement, implementing cognitive function treatment in a timely and effective manne... |
Cell signaling pathways are largely organized via a specific recruitment of signaling effector proteins to their target membranes and a confined release of calcium ions . The quintessential example of this is the action of phospholipase c (plc) that binds and hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pi(4,5)p2)... |
Stem cells, directed to differentiate into specific cell types, offer the possibility of a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat diseases (1). Periodontium has limited capacity for regeneration in early phases of the disease (2) because of the lack of robust stem cells . In such a scenario exogenou... |
Early childhood caries (ecc) is a common infectious disease involving the maxillary anterior primary teeth more frequently . Usually, because of the coronal structure loss however, the profound psychological impacts of tooth loss, along with its untoward effects on esthetics, mastication, speech and growth, should not ... |
Rotational atherectomy (ra) was introduced in the interventional arena in 1988 as a dedicated device for calcified lesions . Due to the complexity of the technique, the development of alternative methods such as the cutting balloon procedure, and the high restenosis rate of subsequent bare metal stenting in long lesion... |
Pancreatic resection is technically challenging due to anatomic factors such as the organ's retroperitoneal location and close proximity to the duodenum and major vasculature . As a result, the application of laparoscopy to pancreatectomy has been slower than with other abdominal procedures . The complication rates and... |
Surveillance of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks was initiated just over a decade ago at the national institute for public health and the environment in the netherlands (rivm). Outbreaks were typically reported by the municipal health service or the food inspection services to the rivm, and samples were collected in clo... |
Huangqi can tonify qi, and yinyanghuo can support yang; the two are commonly used in chinese clinical medicine in the treatment of qi deficiency, yang insufficiency, and other diseases . They can also promote osteoblast function, increase calcified bones, and promote dna synthesis of bone marrow cells; an in vitro expe... |
In 2000, the national research council (nrc), an arm of the national academy of sciences, released a report entitled, " toxicological effects of methylmercury " that nrc committee reviewed the existing literature on the health effects associated with exposure to methylmercury (mehg), including relatively low - level ex... |
Clinical symptoms in diseased calves: case 1: in may 2010, a holstein calf (female, 84 days old) showed anorexia, pyrexia and diarrhea in a depositary raising farm in yamaguchi prefecture . Despite treatment with antibiotics (kanamycin and tylosin), sulfamonomethoxine and antipyretic, the calf died 20 days after the on... |
External - beam radiation therapy (ebrt) with intracavitary high - dose - rate (hdr) brachytherapy is the standard treatment modality for advanced cervical cancer . Although long - term survival rates in patients with cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy (rt) have improved considerably in recent years, ... |
Subtle, asymmetric variation of the contralateral structures of the head and face occur commonly in the general population in the absence of any local lesion or condition . Occasionally, a gross asymmetry easily perceptible to the eye may occur which progresses slowly but steadily and exhibits asymmetric development . ... |
Molecular dynamics (md) has had a long and important history in computational biology and has made many recent contributions toward understanding a variety of biological phenomena, including protein folding, protein ligand binding, and conformational change of large biomolecules . Though running a large - scale simulat... |
In recent years a lot of effort has been undertaken in order to prepare and investigate ordered structures of -conjugated organic molecules on nanoscopic and mesoscopic scales . The interest of both fundamental and applied science was mainly driven by the goal to understand and improve the properties of materials used ... |
Mirnas are a class of endogenous and evolutionarily conserved noncoding small rnas (approximately 22 nucleotides) that bind to the 3 untranslated regions of target genes . Once bound, mirnas repress target gene translation and/or induce the degradation of the target gene mrna . Mirnas are ubiquitously expressed in a wi... |
Magnetic resonance imaging studies have used a wide range of techniques to explore different properties of the human connectome . A simplified conceptual overview of how some of the most commonly used imaging techniques relate to these properties is presented in figure 1 . A schematic overview of the different neuroima... |
Road traffic accidents constitute the most common cause . Among the penetrating injuries, gunshot and stab injury are the main causes in the western world . In india, proper incidence and causes are not known . Though in western literature it is unheard of the arrow injury, it is a common finding in india, especially i... |
A 37-year - old chinese male presented to the department of ophthalmology and visual sciences, alexandra hospital, singapore, with a history of poor vision in the left eye since childhood . Visual acuity was light perception in the left eye and 20/20 in the right eye . Fundus examination in the left eye revealed mnf ex... |
The postpartum care (ppc) visit is an important opportunity to assess the physical and psychosocial health of the mother . The american academy of pediatrics (aap) and the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists (acog) recommend that women, regardless of age, seek postpartum care between 4 and 6 weeks after... |
Goldman and benedek described the structure of shark (spin dogfish), squalus acanthias, and determined the relationship between morphology and nonswelling properties of the cornea . The authors described the morphology of the corneal stroma which consisted of parallel running lamellae which are interconnected across by... |
Successful organ preservation is an important component of transplantationand ensures the maintenance of organ viability until implantationinto the recipient . Currently, heart preservation for transplantationis limited to 4 to 6 hours of cold ischemic storage, and longerperiods of ischemia are known to adversely affec... |
The most important factor in improving the outcome of a patient with out - of - hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (ohcpa) is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) performed by lay persons (bystanders) on the scene before contact with an organized emergency medical service (ems). However, insufficient knowledge concerning t... |
Studies of disease experiences have been conducted to understand the various stories of what patients suffer through from specific diseases . The purpose of these studies is to evaluate the sickness by analyzing the patient s physical, psychological, and social conditions over time . Furthermore, the studies can gather... |
Nelson syndrome is a rare condition defined by enlargement of a pituitary adenoma following bilateral adrenalectomy for treatment of cushing disease.1 the incidence of nelson syndrome in adults varies between 8 and 29%,2 but it may be seen more frequently in patients who undergo adrenalectomy at a younger age.3 the pat... |
Small cell lung cancer (sclc) accounts for 20 - 25% of all bronchogenic carcinomas and is associated with the poorest 5-year survival of all histologic types . It represents a group of highly malignant tumors, giving rise to early and widespread metastasis at the time of diagnosis at sites such as lymph nodes, adrenal ... |
In statistical analysis, regression is used to explore the relationship between k input variables x1, x2,, xk (also known as independent variables or explanatory variables) and the output variable y (also called dependent variable or response variable) from n sets of observations . In linear regression, the method of l... |
They are important in numerous processes, such as energy storage, molecular recognition, and mediation in many biological functions [13]. Carbohydrates form part of the backbone of rna and dna molecules, and they are also linked to proteins and lipids as glycoproteins and glycolipids . The complex functions of carbohyd... |
Acute coronary syndromes and acute myocardial infarctions are associated with plaque rupture and the formation of thrombi at the site of the rupture 1,2 . Although the presence of thrombi in the coronaries of patients with acute coronary syndromes has been suggested by coronary angiography 3 and confirmed by autopsy st... |
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women today after lung cancer . Metastatic breast cancer (mbc) is deemed incurable and median survival for patients with cancer that is estrogen receptor (er) negative or no longer hormonally responsive is only 18 to 24 months [1, 2]. A variety of molecularl... |
Autophagy, ancient system necessary to maintain homeostasis in eukaryotic cells, degrades long - lived cytoplasmic proteins and organelles and provides nutrients in starvation or stress conditions (1). There are at least three types of autophagy in eukaryotic cells: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone - media... |
People with hiv are living decades longer than before due to combination art; however, complications including cvd <osteoporosis and non aids defining malignancies are higher than in the general population . Many of the emerging complications related to chronic hiv infection represent disease processes where vitamin d ... |
The palate gets divided into primary and secondary palates . During palatogenesis, fusion of two maxillary outgrowths, named palatal shelves, forms the majority of palate . These shelves appear as protrusions on the lateral walls of the oronasal cavity, growing vertically and downward around the tongue . After a while,... |
Infective endocarditis (ie) is a disease caused by infection of the inner layer of the heart wall, i.e., the endocardium . It develops in the heart valves (most frequently in the aortic valve), ventricles, and atria [1, 2]. Infective endocarditis related to an implanted foreign body (a stimulator electrode or a cardiov... |
This article investigates the commonly held belief that patients seen in hospital outpatient departments (opds) are sicker than those seen in private practice . This assumed case - mix difference is said to be one of the reasons opd per - visit costs are higher than costs in private practice . It is generally agreed th... |
Diabetes affects almost every tissue in the body and causes significant organ dysfunction that results in diabetes - related morbidity and mortality . Coronary artery disease is the leading cause for the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes, and atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels is its ini... |
Of thyroid nodules examined by the use of an us - fnab at our institution from may 2007 to april 2008, small thyroid nodules less than 5 mm in the maximum diameter were included in the study . High - resolution ultrasonography (us) was performed with either an hdi 5000 (phillips medical systems, bothell, wa) or iu 22 u... |
There are twenty million blind people in india; eighty percent of this blindness is due to causes which are preventable . Cataract in india is the most important cause of preventable blindness accounting to 63.7 percent . Lens - induced glaucoma (lig) was first described in the year 1900 by gifford and von reuss indepe... |
Maintaining the deciduous teeth in the dental arch till it exfoliates is pivotal in maintaining the integrity of the arch, establishing occlusion and function of the permanent dentition . The main reasons for premature loss of primary teeth are dental trauma or dental caries . Every effort should be taken to preserve t... |
The mission of icrh is to contribute to sexual and reproductive health and to strive for the recognition of sexual and reproductive health rights for every man and woman in every stage of their lives . Icrh has divided this field into four clusters: hiv and sexually transmitted infections (sti) including human papillom... |
The study sample consisted of 3,210 individuals (1,423 men and 1,787 women) from the study on nutrition and health of aging population in china . The study population, design, and protocols of this population - based cohort study have been previously described (19). Briefly, all participants were unrelated chinese hans... |
Cerebral palsy (cp), defined as a nonprogressive injury to the brain, covers numerous neurological conditions, which result in abnormal development of movement and postural control . Injury to the brain typically results in impairments in motor function, such as muscle weakness, spasticity, and decreased selective moto... |
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