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https://docs.sui.io/guides/developer/first-app/write-package | Hello, World! | Sui Documentation Skip to main content Sui Documentation Guides Concepts Standards References Search Overview Getting Started Install Sui Install from Source Install from Binaries Configure a Sui Client Create a Sui Address Get SUI from Faucet Hello, World! Connect a Frontend Next Steps Sui Essentials Objects Packages Currencies and Tokens NFTs Cryptography Nautilus Advanced App Examples Dev Cheat Sheet Operator Guides SuiPlay0X1 ๐ณ๏ธ Book Office Hours โ ๐ฌ Join Discord โ Getting Started Hello, World! On this page Hello, World! You'll build a "Hello, World!" program to learn the fundamentals of programming on Sui. You create programs on Sui by writing and deploying smart contracts to the network. The most basic unit of storage on Sui is an object . Other blockchains typically structure storage using key-value stores. Sui centers storage around objects with unique ID addresses on-chain. Every Sui smart contract is an object that manipulates other objects. Objects can be immutable or mutable: Immutable objects cannot be transferred, changed, or deleted. No one owns them and anyone can access them publicly. Mutable objects can be transferred, changed, and deleted. A Sui address can own them, or they can be shared for public access. Every object's unique ID and version number references it on-chain. Every transaction on the network takes objects as input, then reads, writes, and mutates the inputs to produce new or altered objects as output. Every object knows the hash of the transaction that produced it. When an object is modified by a transaction, the transaction's output writes the object's mutated contents to the same object ID but with a new version number. Sui has limits on the maximum transaction size (128KB) and number of objects (2,048) used in a transaction. For more information on limits, see Building Against Limits in The Move Book. What is Move? โ Move is the programming language Sui uses to create smart contracts. It is platform agnostic and enables common libraries, tooling, and developer communities across blockchains with vastly different data and execution models. There are three ways to use Move in the context of Sui: Move packages, Move modules, and Move objects. A Sui Move package is also referred to as a Move smart contract. It is a set of Move bytecode published to the Sui network. It is immutable and cannot be changed or removed, however you can upgrade it. Upgrading creates a new version of the package object on-chain, leaving the original intact. All prior versions of a package still exist on-chain. Once you publish it, other packages can import and use the modules it provides. Anyone can view a package's contents and use a Sui Explorer to see how its logic manipulates other objects. Every Move package on Sui includes one or more Sui Move modules that define the package's interaction with on-chain objects. A module's name is always unique within the package that contains it. A Sui Move module governs a Sui Move object , which is typed data from a Sui Move package. Each Move object value is a struct with fields that can contain primitive types, such as integers and addresses, other objects, and non-object structs. Clone "Hello, World!" โ Prerequisites Install the latest version of Sui . Configure the Sui client . Create a Sui address . Get SUI Testnet tokens . Download and install an IDE. The following are recommended, as they offer Move extensions: VSCode , corresponding Move extension Emacs , corresponding Move extension Vim , corresponding Move extension Zed , corresponding Move extension Alternatively, you can use the Move web IDE , which does not require a download. It does not support all functions necessary for this guide, however. Download and install Git . To demonstrate creating objects, packages, and how to build your first Sui application, start by cloning the "Hello, World!" example: $ git clone \ https://github.com/MystenLabs/sui-stack-hello-world.git $ cd sui-stack-hello-world/move/hello-world In this project, there are two important files that define the package's logic, information, and its dependencies: move/hello-world/sources/greeting.move : Defines the package's logic. In this example, it defines a basic shared greeting object and public functions to interact with it. move/hello-world/Move.toml : The package's configuration file that defines the package name, dependencies, and addresses. Click to open move/hello-world/Move.toml File not found in manifest: move/hello-world/Move.toml . You probably need to run `pnpm prebuild` and restart the site. View the smart contract code โ Open the greeting.move file in your IDE of choice. You can see the following Move code: File not found in manifest: move/hello-world/sources/greeting.move . You probably need to run `pnpm prebuild` and restart the site. Code explanation โ First, this code defines a module called greeting : module hello_world :: greeting { use std :: string ; ... } Then, it defines a public struct called Greeting that contains a unique object ID and text. A struct is a type of resource : File not found in manifest: move/hello-world/sources/greeting.move . You probably need to run `pnpm prebuild` and restart the site. Then, it defines the function new that makes an API call to the Greeting struct and initializes it with the text "Hello world!" , storing it in a new shared object: File not found in manifest: move/hello-world/sources/greeting.move . You probably need to run `pnpm prebuild` and restart the site. Lastly, the package defines a function called update_text that can be called to update the text stored in Greeting : File not found in manifest: move/hello-world/sources/greeting.move . You probably need to run `pnpm prebuild` and restart the site. Resource safety โ A unique aspect of programming applications on Sui is the resource safety enforced by the Move Bytecode Verifier. Move packages must satisfy the following resource safety parameters: All resources must be either moved into global storage or destroyed by the end of a transaction. Resources cannot be copied. In the "Hello, World!" example, the struct Greeting is a resource type. To satisfy the requirement that all resources must be moved or destroyed by the end of a transaction, Greeting is assigned to new_greeting , which the call to transfer::share_object(new_greeting) then moves into global storage. To mutate Greeting , the function update_text takes the input (&mut Greeting) rather than the resource itself. This function satisfies resource safety as the function does not copy the resource and mutates it via a reference. Learn more about the Move Bytecode Verifier. How does this differ from EVM applications? โ The Ethereum Virtual Machine adopts a gas-based resource safety strategy. Every opcode on an EVM chain has an associated gas price that makes transactions costly, preventing the network from running a single transaction indefinitely. Build the Move package โ Before you can publish a Move package to the network, you must first build it. Building your package is necessary because the .move source file is a human-readable piece of code, while the network can only understand bytecode. To build your "Hello, World!" package, first confirm your working directory is ~/sui-stack-hello-world/move/hello-world , then run the following command: $ sui move build The build process fetches and compiles the dependencies defined in the Move.toml file. The Move compiler checks your .move code for type errors, syntax errors, and enforces resource safety , then translates your .move code into bytecode that Sui can execute. info You must build your package before you can publish it, but also before you test it. You cannot run tests ( sui move test ) on your code until it has been built. Publish the Move package โ Now that your package has been built, you need to publish it. After you publish it, other packages and users can use the package's modules and functions by making calls to the package ID. First, confirm your client is configured to use Testnet as the active environment: $ sui client active-env This should return testnet . If it does not return testnet , follow the client configuration instructions before continuing. Then, check your balance of SUI tokens to confirm you have enough to publish to Testnet: $ sui client balance You should have a balance of SUI tokens: โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ Balance of coins owned by this address โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค โ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ โ โ coin balance (raw) balance โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค โ โ โ Sui 56804696124 0.50 SUI โ โ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ If you do not have a balance, follow the SUI faucet instructions . Now, publish the package to Testnet with the command: $ sui client publish Click to open Output Transaction Digest: 8R39iKKLGPDG3QkW2SrRW3QX71csRP2BLhK9H7oz9SwW โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ Transaction Data โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค โ Sender: 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 โ โ Gas Owner: 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 โ โ Gas Budget: 9843200 MIST โ โ Gas Price: 1000 MIST โ โ Gas Payment: โ โ โโโ โ โ โ ID: 0x816e5ec6ff457f18232498b57af8a0e1e219307a3a43fb5df5a4c2198296510c โ โ โ Version: 591332925 โ โ โ Digest: FLC4NXntT7WiHcqCkpDuBUq14DFTfi3EFeUiJcSNHdPu โ โ โโโ โ โ โ โ Transaction Kind: Programmable โ โ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ โ โ Input Objects โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค โ โ โ 0 Pure Arg: Type: address, Value: "0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803" โ โ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โ โ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ โ โ Commands โ โ โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค โ โ โ 0 Publish: โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ Dependencies: โ โ โ โ โ 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 โ โ โ โ โ 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002 โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ 1 TransferObjects: โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ Arguments: โ โ โ โ โ Result 0 โ โ โ โ โ Address: Input 0 โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โ โ โ โ Signatures: โ โ mUxqMIofPq+yIzPxxYM+2mSIPTFneDxhWGGxJ7tM02hnRBRy5/FosnnWKxd4OSAjmaw6FNylwVdqUoUlJSxWCQ== โ โ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ Transaction Effects โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค โ Digest: 8R39iKKLGPDG3QkW2SrRW3QX71csRP2BLhK9H7oz9SwW โ โ Status: Success โ โ Executed Epoch: 875 โ โ โ โ Created Objects: โ โ โโโ โ โ โ ID: 0x136e41f505888066f189fb823d710ec96ab4fd75144b3d8008b91d58de85fd12 โ โ โ Owner: Account Address ( 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 ) โ โ โ Version: 591332926 โ โ โ Digest: BGfc1tihsYPTLLozrj58HmRkDeQ1DWZfqeaR4SZDb1cX โ โ โโโ โ โ โโโ โ โ โ ID: 0xa7ed855d30500c485a94c0849f70b508d6b6adf6b0767ab93cc0756c075ecbb1 โ โ โ Owner: Immutable โ โ โ Version: 1 โ โ โ Digest: EtGAG9RHHCsguX4iuX1cbRDvW4QAkJXgDCMJjiufHtxB โ โ โโโ โ โ Mutated Objects: โ โ โโโ โ โ โ ID: 0x816e5ec6ff457f18232498b57af8a0e1e219307a3a43fb5df5a4c2198296510c โ โ โ Owner: Account Address ( 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 ) โ โ โ Version: 591332926 โ โ โ Digest: CiU5KNZALUmuckc2YUFmJq5YXgbB8oG3rs4cnh2rdDXd โ โ โโโ โ โ Gas Object: โ โ โโโ โ โ โ ID: 0x816e5ec6ff457f18232498b57af8a0e1e219307a3a43fb5df5a4c2198296510c โ โ โ Owner: Account Address ( 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 ) โ โ โ Version: 591332926 โ โ โ Digest: CiU5KNZALUmuckc2YUFmJq5YXgbB8oG3rs4cnh2rdDXd โ โ โโโ โ โ Gas Cost Summary: โ โ Storage Cost: 7843200 MIST โ โ Computation Cost: 1000000 MIST โ โ Storage Rebate: 978120 MIST โ โ Non-refundable Storage Fee: 9880 MIST โ โ โ โ Transaction Dependencies: โ โ 2dkJtqsoQcyCZJvjZnskNVPQeynwVtwCcA9goAru6tTi โ โ 7PStztXyh92keJmrDD1aghHaKVdgCoVkVx4ZmLUfmQeK โ โ Dd9pn1zFcSJjinxQewFd2gQdR4XKsHxFioD5MYnwLZQz โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ โโโโโโโฎ โ No transaction block events โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ Object Changes โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค โ Created Objects: โ โ โโโ โ โ โ ObjectID: 0x136e41f505888066f189fb823d710ec96ab4fd75144b3d8008b91d58de85fd12 โ โ โ Sender: 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 โ โ โ Owner: Account Address ( 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 ) โ โ โ ObjectType: 0x2::package::UpgradeCap โ โ โ Version: 591332926 โ โ โ Digest: BGfc1tihsYPTLLozrj58HmRkDeQ1DWZfqeaR4SZDb1cX โ โ โโโ โ โ Mutated Objects: โ โ โโโ โ โ โ ObjectID: 0x816e5ec6ff457f18232498b57af8a0e1e219307a3a43fb5df5a4c2198296510c โ โ โ Sender: 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 โ โ โ Owner: Account Address ( 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 ) โ โ โ ObjectType: 0x2::coin::Coin<0x2::sui::SUI> โ โ โ Version: 591332926 โ โ โ Digest: CiU5KNZALUmuckc2YUFmJq5YXgbB8oG3rs4cnh2rdDXd โ โ โโโ โ โ Published Objects: โ โ โโโ โ โ โ PackageID: 0xa7ed855d30500c485a94c0849f70b508d6b6adf6b0767ab93cc0756c075ecbb1 โ โ โ Version: 1 โ โ โ Digest: EtGAG9RHHCsguX4iuX1cbRDvW4QAkJXgDCMJjiufHtxB โ โ โ Modules: greeting โ โ โโโ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ Balance Changes โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค โ โโโ โ โ โ Owner: Account Address ( 0x9ac241b2b3cb87ecd2a58724d4d182b5cd897ad307df62be2ae84beddc9d9803 ) โ โ โ CoinType: 0x2::sui::SUI โ โ โ Amount: -7865080 โ โ โโโ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ When you publish a Move package to the network, the network uploads and stores the bytecode as a Move package with a unique package ID and version number. The network consumes SUI tokens as gas and processes the transaction on-chain. After successfully executing, the output provides details about the transaction used to publish the package, including the gas cost, transaction digest, dependencies, owner, and sender. For this guide, the most important section is Published Objects , which includes the package's ID, version, and its modules: โ Published Objects: โ โ โโโ โ โ โ PackageID: 0xa7ed855d30500c485a94c0849f70b508d6b6adf6b0767ab93cc0756c075ecbb1 โ โ โ Version: 1 โ โ โ Digest: EtGAG9RHHCsguX4iuX1cbRDvW4QAkJXgDCMJjiufHtxB โ โ โ Modules: greeting โ โ โโโ Both the package ID and module are required to interact with the package from the command line. Take note of both values for future use in the Connecting a Frontend guide. Interact with the Move package โ Interact with the newly published package by first making a call to the new function that creates a new Greeting object and initialize it with the text "Hello world!" : $ sui client call --package <PACKAGE_ID> --module greeting --function new Replace <PACKAGE_ID> with the package ID the output of the sui client publish command returned. You must include the --package , --module , and --function flags. The output of this call includes a newly created object: โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ Transaction Effects โ โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโค โ Digest: 6xB9Foy5vyhXG99xppaCxrNvpPTV3UZsH39zqUKNoGsD โ โ Status: Success โ โ Executed Epoch: 875 โ โ โ โ Created Objects: โ โ โโโ โ โ โ ID: 0x2834aa3d2ed1b5060f4e5d400092544fa9c95430fd894b139b7dfb0312501594 โ โ โ Owner: Shared( 591332927 ) โ โ โ Version: 591332927 โ โ โ Digest: 8xJRijHHp3gNXLExTG98KX5jYAQDVKqsBD8ATFMJXCbA โ โ โโโ ... To verify that the object contains the text "Hello world!" , make a call to query the object's information: $ sui client object <OBJECT_ID> Replace <OBJECT_ID> with the value under Created Objects, ID: . You should see the object's details, including a value of text: Hello world! : โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ objectId โ 0x2834aa3d2ed1b5060f4e5d400092544fa9c95430fd894b139b7dfb0312501594 โ โ version โ 591332927 โ โ digest โ 8xJRijHHp3gNXLExTG98KX5jYAQDVKqsBD8ATFMJXCbA โ โ objType โ 0xa7ed855d30500c485a94c0849f70b508d6b6adf6b0767ab93cc0756c075ecbb1::greeting::Greeting โ โ owner โ โญโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ โ โ โ Shared โ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ initial_shared_version โ 591332927 โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โ โ โ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โ โ prevTx โ 6xB9Foy5vyhXG99xppaCxrNvpPTV3UZsH39zqUKNoGsD โ โ storageRebate โ 1413600 โ โ content โ โญโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ โ โ โ dataType โ moveObject โ โ โ โ โ type โ 0xa7ed855d30500c485a94c0849f70b508d6b6adf6b0767ab93cc0756c075ecbb1::greeting::Greeting โ โ โ โ โ hasPublicTransfer โ false โ โ โ โ โ fields โ โญโโโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ id โ โญโโโโโฌโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฎ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ id โ 0x2834aa3d2ed1b5060f4e5d400092544fa9c95430fd894b139b7dfb0312501594 โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โฐโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โ text โ Hello world! โ โ โ โ โ โ โ โฐโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โ โ โ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ โ โฐโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโดโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโฏ Important transaction considerations โ You cannot send 2 or more transactions simultaneously, otherwise you encounter an error such as: Failed to sign transaction by a quorum of validators because one or more of its objects is reserved for another transaction. If you receive this error, you must wait until the current epoch is over before submitting your transaction again. You can see how long is left in the current epoch using Sui Explorer or another network explorer like SuiScan . To prevent the same object from being modified by multiple transactions at once, your address 'locks' the object to prevent conflicting modifications. If you'd like to batch multiple transaction commands together, you can use programmable transaction blocks . Transactions also have limitations regarding total size, number of objects, and number of inputs. Learn more about limitations in Building Against Limits in The Move Book. Next steps Create a Full Stack dApp Connect a frontend interface to your "Hello, World!" smart contract. Access Sui Data Learn more about accessing data on Sui. Join the Community Join the Sui developer community, try out other example projects, or read more documentation. Edit this page What is Move? Clone "Hello, World!" View the smart contract code Code explanation Resource safety Build the Move package Publish the Move package Interact with the Move package Important transaction considerations ยฉ 2026 Sui Foundation | Documentation distributed under CC BY 4.0 | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # solidity Follow Hide For the Solidity programming language used on EVM chains. Create Post Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q18: What type of modifiers are "view" and "pure"? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Jan 12 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q18: What type of modifiers are "view" and "pure"? # ethereum # web3 # solidity # blockchain 5 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q17: What visibility modifiers does Solidity use? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Jan 10 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q17: What visibility modifiers does Solidity use? # ethereum # web3 # solidity # blockchain 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Building a Production-Ready Prediction Market Smart Contract in Solidity: Complete Guide with Foundry Sivaram Sivaram Sivaram Follow Jan 8 Building a Production-Ready Prediction Market Smart Contract in Solidity: Complete Guide with Foundry # solidity # ethereum # smartcontract # web3 5 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 7 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q16: What is impermanent loss? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Jan 7 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q16: What is impermanent loss? # ethereum # web3 # solidity # cyfrin 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q15: What is the main difference between Transparent and UUPS upgradeable proxy patterns? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Jan 6 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q15: What is the main difference between Transparent and UUPS upgradeable proxy patterns? # ethereum # solidity # web3 # cyfrin 3 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q10: What is the Free Memory Pointer? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Jan 1 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q10: What is the Free Memory Pointer? # ethereum # solidity # web3 # cyfrin 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q12: What does this sequence of opcodes do? PUSH1 0x80 / PUSH1 0x40 / MSTORE MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Jan 3 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q12: What does this sequence of opcodes do? PUSH1 0x80 / PUSH1 0x40 / MSTORE # ethereum # solidity # web3 # blockchain 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q14: Why constructors can't be used in upgradeable contracts? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Jan 5 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q14: Why constructors can't be used in upgradeable contracts? # ethereum # web3 # solidity # blockchain 3 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q11: What is TWAP? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Jan 2 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q11: What is TWAP? # ethereum # web3 # solidity # blockchain 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q9: What is a flashloan? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Dec 31 '25 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q9: What is a flashloan? # ethereum # web3 # solidity # cyfrin 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum Account Abstraction (ERC-4337), Part 2: Implementation Kurt Kurt Kurt Follow Dec 30 '25 Ethereum Account Abstraction (ERC-4337), Part 2: Implementation # ethereum # web3 # solidity Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q8: How can you deploy a Solidity smart contract with Foundry? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Dec 30 '25 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q8: How can you deploy a Solidity smart contract with Foundry? # ethereum # solidity # web3 # blockchain 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q13: What are the main sections in the bytecode of a compiled Solidity smart contract? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Jan 4 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q13: What are the main sections in the bytecode of a compiled Solidity smart contract? # ethereum # web3 # solidity # cyfrin 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q7: What is the "solc optimizer" in Solidity? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Dec 28 '25 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q7: What is the "solc optimizer" in Solidity? # ethereum # web3 # solidity # blockchain 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Smart Contract working in etherium with Metamask wallet Harsh Bansal Harsh Bansal Harsh Bansal Follow Jan 1 Smart Contract working in etherium with Metamask wallet # solidity # ethereum # smartcontract # web3 Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Oasis for Developers: an underrated EVM for privacy-first dApps Zerod0wn Gaming Zerod0wn Gaming Zerod0wn Gaming Follow Jan 11 Oasis for Developers: an underrated EVM for privacy-first dApps # solidity # cryptocurrency # blockchain # privacy 1 ย reaction Comments 2 ย comments 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q6: What is the max bytecode size for smart contract deployment on Ethereum? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Dec 27 '25 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q6: What is the max bytecode size for smart contract deployment on Ethereum? # ethereum # solidity # web3 # blockchain 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q4: What is the Ethereum Mempool? MihaiHng MihaiHng MihaiHng Follow Dec 25 '25 Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q4: What is the Ethereum Mempool? # ethereum # solidity # smartcontract # blockchain Comments Addย Comment 1 min read # XChainJS Check Transaction Example Fabricio Viskor Fabricio Viskor Fabricio Viskor Follow Dec 19 '25 # XChainJS Check Transaction Example # web3 # blockchain # webdev # solidity Comments Addย Comment 2 min read # XChainJS Liquidity Example (THORChain) Fabricio Viskor Fabricio Viskor Fabricio Viskor Follow Dec 19 '25 # XChainJS Liquidity Example (THORChain) # webdev # web3 # blockchain # solidity Comments Addย Comment 2 min read @xchainjs/xchain-util: Install, Use & Build Cross-Chain Crypto Apps (with TypeScript) bock-studio bock-studio bock-studio Follow Dec 19 '25 @xchainjs/xchain-util: Install, Use & Build Cross-Chain Crypto Apps (with TypeScript) # blockchain # typescript # javascript # solidity 5 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Your Career, Onchain: Building a Resume Protocol with Purpose and Trust Obinna Duru Obinna Duru Obinna Duru Follow Dec 21 '25 Your Career, Onchain: Building a Resume Protocol with Purpose and Trust # web3 # solidity # beginners # blockchain 3 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Architecting RWAs: Architecting RWAs: How We Built a Modular Policy Engine for Tokenized Assets Anya Volkov Anya Volkov Anya Volkov Follow Dec 22 '25 Architecting RWAs: Architecting RWAs: How We Built a Modular Policy Engine for Tokenized Assets # blockchain # architecture # solidity # web3 Comments 1 ย comment 2 min read Vue + XChainJS Example bock-studio bock-studio bock-studio Follow Dec 19 '25 Vue + XChainJS Example # blockchain # web3 # solidity # cryptocurrency Comments 1 ย comment 2 min read How I Built a Decentralized NFT Gift Protocol (and why digital gifting is broken) Jayant kurekar Jayant kurekar Jayant kurekar Follow Dec 4 '25 How I Built a Decentralized NFT Gift Protocol (and why digital gifting is broken) # web3 # solidity # react # kiro Comments Addย Comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources Building a Production-Ready Prediction Market Smart Contract in Solidity: Complete Guide with Fou... Building Trinity Shield: Our Custom TEE Solution for Multi-Chain Security Monad is Fast. Your Code Should Be Reliable. (A New Foundry Starter Kit) Understanding Solidity Transparent Upgradeable Proxy Pattern - A Practical Guide The 3 Most Subtle Solidity Bugs We Found in Audits (And How We Found Them) Ethereum Account Abstraction (ERC-4337), Part 2: Implementation @xchainjs/xchain-util: Install, Use & Build Cross-Chain Crypto Apps (with TypeScript) Beyond the Code: Advanced Human-Led Techniques in DeFi Security Auditing Your Career, Onchain: Building a Resume Protocol with Purpose and Trust Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q8: How can you deploy a Solidity smart contract with Foundry? Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q4: What is the Ethereum Mempool? Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q16: What is impermanent loss? How I Built a Decentralized NFT Gift Protocol (and why digital gifting is broken) Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q18: What type of modifiers are "view" and "pure"? Oasis for Developers: an underrated EVM for privacy-first dApps Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q14: Why constructors can't be used in upgradeable contracts? Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q6: What is the max bytecode size for smart contract deployment on Ethereum? # XChainJS Liquidity Example (THORChain) Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q10: What is the Free Memory Pointer? Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q15: What is the main difference between Transparent and UUPS upgradeable ... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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https://dev.to/valentin_tya_327693/how-to-get-feedback-on-your-saas-4803#comments | How to Get Feedback on Your SaaS - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Valentin Posted on Dec 18, 2025 How to Get Feedback on Your SaaS # webdev # productivity # saas # testing Getting honest, detailed feedback is essential when building a SaaS product. The problem is that itโs incredibly hard to get it online. When you ask for feedback on the internet, you usually end up in one of two situations: Either your post gets flagged or removed for being promotional, or it gets instantly buried under hundreds of other creators sharing their own projects. You can turn to paid testing services, like UserTesting or Userlytics but those options quickly become expensive. In this article, I want to share an effective and practical way to get feedback, without the usual frustrations and without spending money. What if feedback worked as an exchange? Let me start with a simple observation. Every day, you see Reddit posts like โWhat are you building today?โ. Dozens of creators reply and present their projects, but almost no one actually looks at what others are building. Why? Because thatโs not why theyโre there. Theyโre looking for early users and feedback on their own product, not to discover new tools. But what if they knew they would receive feedback on their own product in exchange for giving feedback to others? Wouldnโt that change things? Spending 15 minutes testing someone elseโs product suddenly becomes a great investment if it guarantees a detailed review in return. Introducing TestYourApp TestYourApp.io is a new platform built around this exact idea. The concept is very simple: You test someone elseโs app and earn a credit. You use your credits to get your own app tested. Feedback quality is ensured through structured testing forms and a tester rating system that discourages low-effort reviews. The platform follows a freemium model, with all core features available for free. A premium upgrade simply removes the limitation of opening one test every three days. TestYourApp is designed to be a smart, fair, and transparent way to get high-quality feedback without pulling out your credit card or shouting into the void on Reddit. How it works in practice Create an account on TestYourApp. Submit your application and open it for testing. Test few other apps to earn credits. You should then start receiving feedback on your own product fairly quickly. Once the feedback comes in, you can act on it. Fix the bug reported by one tester, improve onboarding based on another suggestion, tweak your homepage according to a third, and so on. Then repeat the process: Test few apps. Receive three tests. Fix, improve, iterate. Keep going until your product feels stable, polished, and validated. And thereโs more This process gives you much more than just feedback. Youโll likely find your first real users, some of whom may even become paying customers. You can reuse the feedback you receive as social proof on your landing page. Youโll also discover other projects along the way, some useful, others inspiring. Getting feedback doesn't have to be frustrating or expensive . If you're tired of shouting into the void or paying for generic reviews, give the exchange approach a try. Test a couple of apps, earn your credits, and see what kind of feedback you get. The worst that can happen? You'll discover a few interesting projects along the way. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Valentin Follow I'm a french freelance consultant in Data Joined Dec 10, 2025 More from Valentin A detailed breakdown of how this simple SaaS reaches $93k MRR # webdev # sideprojects # saas # website What Iโve learned after one week promoting my SaaS # webdev # saas # marketing # webapp How to find beta users for your SaaS? # saas # webdev # tutorial # sideprojects ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/how-do-you-handle-orchestration-in-apigee-x-using-servicecallout-flowcallout-24ff | How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 8 How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex Introduction ๐ฆ Imagine this situation ๐ A client calls one API , but behind the scenes your backend must: Call Customer Service Then call Order Service Then call Payment Service Combine all responses Finally send one clean response back to the client If your backend handles all this logic, things quickly become slow, tightly coupled, and hard to maintain . This is exactly where Apigee X shines in modern API management . Apigee X sits in front of your backend systems and acts like a smart traffic controller : Manages API proxies Enforces security Controls traffic And most importantly for this blog ๐ orchestrates multiple backend calls What youโll learn in this blog By the end, youโll understand: What API orchestration really means When to use ServiceCallout vs FlowCallout How to combine multiple backend calls inside Apigee X Best practices to avoid common orchestration mistakes This guide is beginner-friendly , practical, and Medium-ready ๐ Core Concepts ๐งฉ What Is API Orchestration? Think of API orchestration like a restaurant waiter ๐ฝ๏ธ You (client) place one order The waiter talks to: Kitchen Dessert counter Billing desk You receive one final plate ๐ Apigee X becomes that waiter , coordinating multiple backend services. API Proxies in Apigee X An API Proxy in Apigee X is a layer that: Receives client requests Applies security, quotas, and transformations Communicates with backend services Returns responses to clients Instead of clients calling multiple services , they call one proxy . ServiceCallout vs FlowCallout (Simple Explanation) Feature Think of it as Best For ServiceCallout Asking another counter for info Calling REST/SOAP services FlowCallout Calling internal helper logic Reusable policies, JS, shared flows Step-by-Step Example: Backend Orchestration in Apigee X ๐ ๏ธ Scenario A single API must return: Customer details Order summary Behind the scenes: Call Customer API Call Order API Combine responses Send final response Step 1: Create an API Proxy Create a Reverse Proxy Client calls /customer-summary Client โ Apigee X โ Multiple Backends โ Final Response Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 2: Call Backend #1 Using ServiceCallout <ServiceCallout name= "SC-GetCustomer" > <Request variable= "customerRequest" > <Set> <Verb> GET </Verb> <Path> /customers/{customerId} </Path> </Set> </Request> <Response> customerResponse </Response> <HTTPTargetConnection> <URL> https://backend-customer-api </URL> </HTTPTargetConnection> </ServiceCallout> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ๐ Whatโs happening? Apigee calls Customer API Response is stored in customerResponse No client involvement yet Step 3: Call Backend #2 Using ServiceCallout <ServiceCallout name= "SC-GetOrders" > <Request variable= "orderRequest" > <Set> <Verb> GET </Verb> <Path> /orders/{customerId} </Path> </Set> </Request> <Response> orderResponse </Response> <HTTPTargetConnection> <URL> https://backend-order-api </URL> </HTTPTargetConnection> </ServiceCallout> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now Apigee has: Customer data Order data Step 4: Combine Responses Using JavaScript (FlowCallout) <FlowCallout name= "FC-CombineResponse" > <SharedFlowBundle> combine-response-flow </SharedFlowBundle> </FlowCallout> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Inside JavaScript: var customer = JSON . parse ( context . getVariable ( " customerResponse.content " )); var orders = JSON . parse ( context . getVariable ( " orderResponse.content " )); var finalResponse = { customer : customer , orders : orders }; context . setVariable ( " response.content " , JSON . stringify ( finalResponse )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ๐ Result Client receives one clean response , unaware of multiple backend calls. When to Use ServiceCallout vs FlowCallout ๐ฏ โ
Use ServiceCallout when: Calling REST/SOAP backend services Fetching external data Making synchronous HTTP calls โ
Use FlowCallout when: Reusing logic across proxies Combining or transforming data Applying shared business rules ๐ Real-world orchestration usually uses both together Best Practices โ
Keep orchestration lightweight Donโt turn Apigee into a full backend replacement Reuse logic with Shared Flows Perfect for FlowCallout Handle failures gracefully Use FaultRules for backend timeouts Set timeouts carefully Multiple calls = higher latency risk Monitor performance Orchestration adds processing time Common Mistakes to Avoid โ โ Making too many sequential ServiceCallouts โ Hardcoding backend URLs โ Ignoring timeout and retry policies โ Putting heavy business logic in Apigee โ Not logging intermediate responses Conclusion ๐ง API orchestration is a powerful pattern in API Proxies in Apigee X . By combining: ServiceCallout โ to talk to backends FlowCallout โ to reuse and process logic You can: Reduce client complexity Improve API consistency Centralize control at the gateway This approach is widely used in API management , microservices , and enterprise integrations . Call to Action ๐ ๐ฌ Have you used ServiceCallout or FlowCallout in production? ๐ฉ Drop your questions in the comments โญ Follow for more Apigee X , API security , and API traffic management blogs Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies โ Hereโs How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview Your Backend Sends 200 OK Even When an Order Fails โ How Do You Fix It in Apigee X? # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview When Would You Group Multiple API Proxies Into a Single Product in Apigee X? # apigee # apigeex # interview # gcp ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/t/architecture/page/4#main-content | Architecture Page 4 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Architecture Follow Hide The fundamental structures of a software system. Create Post Older #architecture posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Your LINQ Filters Are Scattered Everywhere โ Here's How to Fix It Ahmad Al-Freihat Ahmad Al-Freihat Ahmad Al-Freihat Follow Jan 9 Your LINQ Filters Are Scattered Everywhere โ Here's How to Fix It # dotnet # csharp # cleancode # architecture Comments Addย Comment 9 min read How Modern Retail Platforms Sync POS, ERP, and eCommerce Using APIs M Antony M Antony M Antony Follow Jan 9 How Modern Retail Platforms Sync POS, ERP, and eCommerce Using APIs # retailtech # api # architecture # webdev Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Separate Stack for separate Thread. Saiful Islam Saiful Islam Saiful Islam Follow Jan 10 Separate Stack for separate Thread. # webdev # operatingsystm # computerscience # architecture 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 7 min read EventBus Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jan 9 EventBus # architecture # java # programming Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Kubernetes Persistence Series Part 3: Controllers & Resilience โ Why Kubernetes Self-Heals Vincent Du Vincent Du Vincent Du Follow Jan 11 Kubernetes Persistence Series Part 3: Controllers & Resilience โ Why Kubernetes Self-Heals # kubernetes # devops # architecture # sre 8 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Pare de Construir "Big Balls of Mud": O Guia de Sobrevivรชncia Cloud-Native Eduardo Rosa Eduardo Rosa Eduardo Rosa Follow Jan 9 Pare de Construir "Big Balls of Mud": O Guia de Sobrevivรชncia Cloud-Native # architecture # cloudcomputing # microservices Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Memory Layout: Heap vs Stack ali ehab algmass ali ehab algmass ali ehab algmass Follow Jan 9 Memory Layout: Heap vs Stack # computerscience # programming # architecture # learning Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Governance Is Not โAlignedโ โ It Is Designed Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Follow Jan 10 Governance Is Not โAlignedโ โ It Is Designed # discuss # ai # architecture # design 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Principal Architect Mindset โ Self-Questioning Guide Sekar Thangavel Sekar Thangavel Sekar Thangavel Follow Jan 9 Principal Architect Mindset โ Self-Questioning Guide # architecture # career # performance # systemdesign Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Designing Secure-by-Design Cloud Platforms for Regulated Industries Cygnet.One Cygnet.One Cygnet.One Follow Jan 10 Designing Secure-by-Design Cloud Platforms for Regulated Industries # architecture # cloud # security Comments Addย Comment 8 min read The Mind Protocol: Why Your AI Agent Needs a World Before It Can Think Jung Sungwoo Jung Sungwoo Jung Sungwoo Follow Jan 9 The Mind Protocol: Why Your AI Agent Needs a World Before It Can Think # ai # architecture # typescript # agents Comments Addย Comment 9 min read Tools Donโt Fix Broken Systems โ Design Does Technmsrisai Technmsrisai Technmsrisai Follow Jan 9 Tools Donโt Fix Broken Systems โ Design Does # systems # architecture # productivity # software Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Try crash my app! I built a Link Shortener on the Edge. Can you help me crash it? (Live Dashboard) Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Follow Jan 9 Try crash my app! I built a Link Shortener on the Edge. Can you help me crash it? (Live Dashboard) # showdev # architecture # performance # testing Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Real-Time is an SLA, Not an Architecture: When You Actually Need Kafka (And When You Don't) Vinicius Fagundes Vinicius Fagundes Vinicius Fagundes Follow Jan 11 Real-Time is an SLA, Not an Architecture: When You Actually Need Kafka (And When You Don't) # discuss # architecture # dataengineering # career 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 10 min read How Cloud-Native Architecture Enables Faster Innovation Cygnet.One Cygnet.One Cygnet.One Follow Jan 9 How Cloud-Native Architecture Enables Faster Innovation # architecture # cloud # devops Comments Addย Comment 8 min read When client-side entity normalization actually becomes necessary in large React Native apps Vasyl Kostin Vasyl Kostin Vasyl Kostin Follow Jan 9 When client-side entity normalization actually becomes necessary in large React Native apps # architecture # react # reactnative Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Hands-on: Building Your Monorepo with Lerna and Yarn Workspaces Werliton Silva Werliton Silva Werliton Silva Follow Jan 9 Hands-on: Building Your Monorepo with Lerna and Yarn Workspaces # architecture # javascript # tooling # tutorial 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read How to Properly Deprecate API Endpoints in Laravel Bilal Haidar Bilal Haidar Bilal Haidar Follow Jan 9 How to Properly Deprecate API Endpoints in Laravel # php # laravel # architecture Comments Addย Comment 5 min read How a Developer Built Eternal Contextual RAG and Achieved 85% Accuracy (from 60%) Thinkerย Thinkerย Thinkerย Follow Jan 9 How a Developer Built Eternal Contextual RAG and Achieved 85% Accuracy (from 60%) # ai # architecture # llm # rag Comments Addย Comment 5 min read AI Orchestration: The Missing Layer Behind Reliable Agentic Systems Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Jan 9 AI Orchestration: The Missing Layer Behind Reliable Agentic Systems # agents # ai # architecture # systemdesign Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Tailwind CSS Through the Lens of the Independent Variation Principle Yannick Loth Yannick Loth Yannick Loth Follow Jan 10 Tailwind CSS Through the Lens of the Independent Variation Principle # tailwindcss # independentvariation # css # architecture Comments Addย Comment 9 min read Architecture Backwards: Engineering a Self-Defending System Before the UI Arrives Nemwel Boniface Nemwel Boniface Nemwel Boniface Follow Jan 9 Architecture Backwards: Engineering a Self-Defending System Before the UI Arrives # rails # architecture # observability # postgres Comments Addย Comment 8 min read Stop Dumping Junk into Your Context Window: The Case for Multidimensional Knowledge Graphs Imran Siddique Imran Siddique Imran Siddique Follow Jan 9 Stop Dumping Junk into Your Context Window: The Case for Multidimensional Knowledge Graphs # architecture # llm # rag Comments Addย Comment 4 min read ๐ Paywall SDK โ Tร i liแปu sแปญ dแปฅng Tแปช A Z (kรจm JSON mแบซu) ViO Tech ViO Tech ViO Tech Follow Jan 9 ๐ Paywall SDK โ Tร i liแปu sแปญ dแปฅng Tแปช A Z (kรจm JSON mแบซu) # android # architecture # kotlin # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 4 min read From GlusterFS to JuiceFS: Lightillusions Achieved 2.5x Faster 3D AIGC Data Processing DASWU DASWU DASWU Follow Jan 9 From GlusterFS to JuiceFS: Lightillusions Achieved 2.5x Faster 3D AIGC Data Processing # ai # architecture # opensource # performance Comments Addย Comment 9 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Follow Jan 2 Built a Modern, Mobile Friendly React Playground # react # webdev # playground Comments Addย Comment 1 min read React Hooks - Part 1: useState Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Jan 3 React Hooks - Part 1: useState # react # javascript # hooks Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Introducing VCC Demo: A Browser-Based Cryptographic Audit Trail You Can Try Right Now VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) Follow Jan 2 Introducing VCC Demo: A Browser-Based Cryptographic Audit Trail You Can Try Right Now # javascript # react # blockchain # fintech Comments Addย Comment 4 min read New frontend MVC Framework - DoDo Saลกa M Saลกa M Saลกa M Follow Jan 2 New frontend MVC Framework - DoDo # frontend # rective # angular # react Comments Addย Comment 1 min read I Built an i18n Library That Works with Rails/Laravel and React/Vue usapopopooon usapopopooon usapopopooon Follow Jan 2 I Built an i18n Library That Works with Rails/Laravel and React/Vue # i18n # react # vue # webdev Comments Addย Comment 4 min read StyleX + ESLint: When Best Practices Fight Each Other sal lancaster sal lancaster sal lancaster Follow Jan 1 StyleX + ESLint: When Best Practices Fight Each Other # stylex # css # react # javascript Comments Addย Comment 3 min read ๐ชFinally Started the Most Awaited Section: Custom Hooks, Refs & More State Usama Usama Usama Follow Jan 2 ๐ชFinally Started the Most Awaited Section: Custom Hooks, Refs & More State # react # javascript # webdev # learning 3 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Full-Stack Development in 2026 Cyrus Tse Cyrus Tse Cyrus Tse Follow Jan 7 Full-Stack Development in 2026 # career # react # typescript # webdev 3 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 1 min read Mapcn - Map components for Shadcn Souhail dev Souhail dev Souhail dev Follow Jan 3 Mapcn - Map components for Shadcn # shadcn # ui # react # tailwindcss Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Handling JWT Refresh Tokens in Axios without the Headache Tai Tran Tai Tran Tai Tran Follow Jan 6 Handling JWT Refresh Tokens in Axios without the Headache # javascript # react # webdev # opensource 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Stop Shipping Your Dev Logs Abdul Halim Abdul Halim Abdul Halim Follow Jan 7 Stop Shipping Your Dev Logs # javascript # frontend # react # nextjs 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 3 min read ๐ Nike Website Clone | React + TypeScript + Tailwind CSS Reactjs Guru Reactjs Guru Reactjs Guru Follow Jan 2 ๐ Nike Website Clone | React + TypeScript + Tailwind CSS # react # typescript # tailwindcss # opensource Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Dev Snippet โ A Local-First Markdown Editor That Thinks With You saboor saboor saboor Follow Jan 2 Dev Snippet โ A Local-First Markdown Editor That Thinks With You # electron # react # sqlite # md Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Starting Collecting Initial Inspiration for Portfolio Ankesh Sharma Ankesh Sharma Ankesh Sharma Follow Jan 3 Starting Collecting Initial Inspiration for Portfolio # showdev # webdev # newportfoliochallenge # react Comments Addย Comment 1 min read The Decoupled Revolution: Engineering High-Performance Front-Ends with React and Next.js Neo Neo Neo Follow Jan 2 The Decoupled Revolution: Engineering High-Performance Front-Ends with React and Next.js # react # nextjs # architecture # frontend Comments Addย Comment 3 min read How I handled real-time notifications in a MERN stack using a Socket.io Singleton geoffreyg81 geoffreyg81 geoffreyg81 Follow Jan 1 How I handled real-time notifications in a MERN stack using a Socket.io Singleton # showdev # node # react # javascript Comments Addย Comment 1 min read React v19: useTransition hook with <Activity /> Joma Joma Joma Follow Jan 5 React v19: useTransition hook with <Activity /> # react # usetransition Comments Addย Comment 2 min read MCP Needs a Browser Abe Wheeler Abe Wheeler Abe Wheeler Follow Jan 5 MCP Needs a Browser # mcp # webdev # ai # react 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 3 min read CapsuleRSC: Safe Server/Client Boundary Enforcement for React Server Components Yuuichi Eguchi Yuuichi Eguchi Yuuichi Eguchi Follow Jan 1 CapsuleRSC: Safe Server/Client Boundary Enforcement for React Server Components # webdev # programming # react # reactjsdevelopment Comments Addย Comment 2 min read I Built a Free Sleep Cycle Calculator sunil chaudhary sunil chaudhary sunil chaudhary Follow Jan 1 I Built a Free Sleep Cycle Calculator # webdev # react # productivity # sideprojects Comments Addย Comment 1 min read 10 AI Superpowers in One App: My Gemini MultiโPurpose Toolkit Karthick Nagarajan Karthick Nagarajan Karthick Nagarajan Follow Jan 1 10 AI Superpowers in One App: My Gemini MultiโPurpose Toolkit # gemini # react # nanobanana # webdev Comments Addย Comment 8 min read Maps are easy. Map UIs are not. Kaustubh Kushwaha Kaustubh Kushwaha Kaustubh Kushwaha Follow Jan 6 Maps are easy. Map UIs are not. # webdev # react # frontend # opensource 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Building a Multi-Layer Caching Strategy in Next.js App Router: From Static to Real-Time Sachin Maurya Sachin Maurya Sachin Maurya Follow Jan 1 Building a Multi-Layer Caching Strategy in Next.js App Router: From Static to Real-Time # webdev # frontend # react # nextjs Comments Addย Comment 5 min read React Coding Challenge : Card Flip Game ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 1 React Coding Challenge : Card Flip Game # webdev # interview # react 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Licenses All Python releases are Open Source . Historically, most, but not all, Python releases have also been GPL-compatible. The Licenses page details GPL-compatibility and Terms and Conditions. Read more Sources For most Unix systems, you must download and compile the source code. The same source code archive can also be used to build the Windows and Mac versions, and is the starting point for ports to all other platforms. Download the latest Python 3 source. Read more Alternative implementations This site hosts the "traditional" implementation of Python (nicknamed CPython). A number of alternative implementations are available as well. Read more History Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting Mathematisch Centrum in the Netherlands as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Pythonโs principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. Read more Release schedules Python 3.15 release schedule Python 3.14 release schedule Python 3.13 release schedule Python 3.12 release schedule Python 3.11 release schedule Python 3.10 release schedule Python 3.9 release schedule See Status of Python versions for all an overview of all versions, including unsupported. Information about specific ports, and developer info Windows macOS Android Other platforms Source Python developer's guide Python issue tracker How to verify your downloaded files are genuine Sigstore verification Starting with the Python 3.11.0 , Python 3.10.7 , and Python 3.9.14 releases, CPython release artifacts are signed with Sigstore. See our dedicated Sigstore Information page for how it works. OpenPGP verification Python versions before 3.14 are also signed using OpenPGP private keys of the respective release manager. In this case, verification through the release manager's public key is also possible. See our dedicated OpenPGP Verification page for how it works. See PEP 761 for why OpenPGP key verification was dropped in Python 3.14. Windows (Updated for Azure Trusted Signing, which applies for all releases chronologically from 3.14.0a1) The Windows installers and all binaries produced as part of each Python release are signed using an Authenticode signing certificate issued to the Python Software Foundation. This can be verified by viewing the properties of any executable file, looking at the Digital Signatures tab, and confirming the name of the signer. Our full certificate subject is CN = Python Software Foundation, O = Python Software Foundation, L = Beaverton, S = Oregon, C = US and as of 14th October 2024 the certificate authority is Microsoft Identity Verification Root Certificate Authority . Our previous certificates were issued by DigiCert . Note that some executables may not be signed, notably, the default pip command. These are not built as part of Python, but are included from third-party libraries. Files that are intended to be modified before use cannot be signed and so will not have a signature. macOS installer packages Installer packages for Python on macOS downloadable from python.org are signed with with an Apple Developer ID Installer certificate. As of Python 3.11.4 and 3.12.0b1 (2023-05-23), release installer packages are signed with certificates issued to the Python Software Foundation (Apple Developer ID BMM5U3QVKW ). Installer packages for previous releases were signed with certificates issued to Ned Deily ( DJ3H93M7VJ ). Other useful items Looking for third-party Python modules ? The Python Package Index has many of them. You can view the standard documentation online, or you can download it in HTML, EPUB and other formats. See the main Documentation page. Tip : even if you download a ready-made binary for your platform, it makes sense to also download the source . This lets you browse the standard library (the subdirectory Lib ) and the standard collections of tools ( Tools ) that come with it. There's a lot you can learn from the source! Want to contribute? Want to contribute? 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https://dev.to/jwebsite-go/sinie-zielienoie-razviertyvaniie-na-eks-14e3#%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3-2-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85-%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82-ec2 | ะกะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะพะต ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฝะฐ EKS - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Posted on Jan 9 ะกะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะพะต ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฝะฐ EKS # eks # aws # bluegreen # programming EKS = ะฃะฟัะฐะฒะปัะตะผัะน Kubernetes ะพั Amazon Web Services EKS ะฟัะตะดะพััะฐะฒะปัะตั ะฒะฐะผ: ะฃะฟัะฐะฒะปัััะฐั ะฟะปะพัะบะพััั ** Kubernetes** (API-ัะตัะฒะตั, ะฟะปะฐะฝะธัะพะฒัะธะบ). AWS ัะฟัะฐะฒะปัะตั ััะธะผ ะทะฐ ะฒะฐั. ะะฐะผ ะฒัั ะตัั ะฝะตะพะฑั
ะพะดะธะผะพ: ะ ะฐะฑะพัะธะต ัะทะปั (EC2) โ ะดะปั ะทะฐะฟััะบะฐ ะฟะพะดะพะฒ kubectl **โ ะดะปั ัะฒัะทะธ ั ะบะปะฐััะตัะพะผ **YAML โ ะดะปั ัะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั Kubernetes, ััะพ ะฝัะถะฝะพ ะทะฐะฟัััะธัั. ะัะตะฝั ะฒะฐะถะฝะฐั ะผะตะฝัะฐะปัะฝะฐั ะผะพะดะตะปั _`Your laptop (kubectl) | v EKS API Server (managed by AWS) | v Worker Nodes (EC2) โ Pods โ Containers`_ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะะพะดะบะปััะฐัััั ะบ ัะทะปะฐะผ ะฟะพ SSH ะะะะะะะ ะฝะตะปัะทั. ะจะฐะณ 1 โ ะกะพะทะดะฐะนัะต EKS ะฒัััะฝัั (ัะตัะตะท ะบะพะฝัะพะปั AWS, ะฑะตะท ะธัะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ะธะฝััััะผะตะฝัะพะฒ). 1. ะัะบัะพะนัะต ะบะพะฝัะพะปั AWS โ EKS ะัะฑะตัะธัะต ัะตะณะธะพะฝ (ะฝะฐะฟัะธะผะตั: us-east-1) ะะฐะถะผะธัะต ยซะกะพะทะดะฐัั ะบะปะฐััะตัยป . 2. ะะพะฝัะธะณััะฐัะธั ะบะปะฐััะตัะฐ ะะฐะฟะพะปะฝััั ัะพะปัะบะพ: ะะผั * : bluegreen-demo * ะะตััะธั Kubernetes : ะฟะพ ัะผะพะปัะฐะฝะธั ะ ะพะปั ะบะปะฐััะตัะฝะพะน ัะปัะถะฑั * : ะัะปะธ AWS ะพัะพะฑัะฐะถะฐะตั ะตั, ะฒัะฑะตัะธัะต ะตั. ะัะปะธ ะฝะตั, ะฝะฐะถะผะธัะต * ยซะกะพะทะดะฐัั ัะพะปัยป (AWS ัะพะทะดะฐัั ะตั ะฐะฒัะพะผะฐัะธัะตัะบะธ). ะะฐะถะผะธัะต ะะฐะปะตะต 3. ะกะตัะตะฒะพะต ะฒะทะฐะธะผะพะดะตะนััะฒะธะต ะัะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัั ะทะฝะฐัะตะฝะธั ะฟะพ ัะผะพะปัะฐะฝะธั : VPC ะฟะพ ัะผะพะปัะฐะฝะธั ะะฐะบ ะผะธะฝะธะผัะผ 2 ะฟะพะดัะตัะธ ะะพัััะฟ ะบ ะพะฑัะตะดะพัััะฟะฝะพะน ะบะพะฝะตัะฝะพะน ัะพัะบะต ะะฐะถะผะธัะต ยซ ะกะพะทะดะฐัั ยป. โณ ะะพะถะดะธัะตัั ะฐะบัะธะฒะฐัะธะธ ะ ััะพั ะผะพะผะตะฝั: Kubernetes ัััะตััะฒัะตั ะะ ะฟะพะบะฐ ะฝะธัะตะณะพ ะฝะต ะผะพะถะตั ะฑะตะถะฐัั ะจะฐะณ 2 โ ะกะพะทะดะฐะฝะธะต ัะฐะฑะพัะธั
ัะทะปะพะฒ (ะญะขะ ัะพะทะดะฐัั EC2) ะะฐัะตะผ ะฝะฐะผ ััะพ ะฝัะถะฝะพ Kubernetes ัะฐะทะผะตัะฐะตั ะฟะพะดั ะฝะฐ ัะทะปะฐั
. ะะตั ัะทะปะพะฒ = ะฝะตั ะฟะพะดะพะฒ. ะกะพะทะดะฐัั ะณััะฟะฟั ัะทะปะพะฒ ะะฝัััะธ ะฒะฐัะตะณะพ ะบะปะฐััะตัะฐ: ะะตัะตะนะดะธัะต ะฒ ัะฐะทะดะตะป ยซะััะธัะปะตะฝะธัยป โ ยซะะพะฑะฐะฒะธัั ะณััะฟะฟั ัะทะปะพะฒยป. ะะฐะฟะพะปะฝััั: ะะผั: bg-nodes ะ ะพะปั IAM: ัะพะทะดะฐัั/ะฒัะฑัะฐัั ัะพะปั ัะฐะฑะพัะฝะธะบะฐ ะฟะพ ัะผะพะปัะฐะฝะธั ะะฐัััะพะนะบะธ ัะทะปะฐ: ะขะธะฟ ัะบะทะตะผะฟะปััะฐ:t3.medium ะะตะปะฐัะตะปัะฝะพ: 2 ะะธะฝ.: 2 ะะฐะบั.: 3 ะกะพะทะดะฐัั ะณััะฟะฟั ัะทะปะพะฒ โ ะดะพะถะดะฐัััั ะฐะบัะธะฒะฐัะธะธ ะขะตะฟะตัั EC2 ัััะตััะฒัะตั ะฐะฒัะพะผะฐัะธัะตัะบะธ. ะจะฐะณ 3 โ ะะพะดะบะปััะธัะต kubectl (ัะฐะบ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะตั DevOps) ะก ะฒะฐัะตะณะพ ะฝะพััะฑัะบะฐ: aws eks update-kubeconfig \ --region us-east-1 \ --name bluegreen-demo Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะัะพะฒะตัััั: kubectl get nodes Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะัะปะธ ะฒั ะฒะธะดะธัะต ัะทะปั โ ะทะฝะฐัะธั, ะฒั ัะพะตะดะธะฝะตะฝั. ะะฟัะตะดั: ะะพะฝัะพะปั AWS ะฟัะฐะบัะธัะตัะบะธ ะฝะตะฐะบััะฐะปัะฝะฐ. ะัั ะดะตะปะฐะตััั ั ะฟะพะผะพััั kubectl ะะพัะตะผั ัััะตััะฒััั ัััะฐัะตะณะธะธ ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั (ะะงะะะฌ ะะะะะ) ะะพ Kubernetes (ััะฐััะน ะผะธั) ะััะฐะฝะพะฒะธัั ะฟัะธะปะพะถะตะฝะธะต ะ ะฐะทะฒะตัะฝััั ะฝะพะฒัั ะฒะตััะธั ะะฐะฟัััะธัะต ะฟัะธะปะพะถะตะฝะธะต ัะฝะพะฒะฐ. ะะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธ ะฒะธะดัั ะฒัะตะผั ะฟัะพััะพั ะัะบะฐั ะฟัะพะธัั
ะพะดะธั ะผะตะดะปะตะฝะฝะพ. ะัะพะฑะปะตะผั, ั ะบะพัะพััะผะธ ััะฐะปะบะธะฒะฐะปัั DevOps ะัะพััะพะธ ะฒะพ ะฒัะตะผั ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั ะะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธ ะฟะพะปััะฐัั ะพัะธะฑะบะธ ะัััััะน ะพัะบะฐั ะฝะตะดะพัััะฟะตะฝ. ะกััะฐั
ะฟะตัะตะด ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะตะผ ะฒะพะนัะบ ะัะพะฑะปะตะผะฐ ั Kubernetes ัะตัะตะฝะฐ: - ะะฐะฟััะปั - ะฃัะปัะณะธ - ะกะฐะผะพะธััะตะปะตะฝะธะต ะะดะฝะฐะบะพ ัััะฐัะตะณะธั ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั ะพะฟัะตะดะตะปัะตั, ะบะฐะบ ะฑัะดะตั ะฟะตัะตะผะตัะฐัััั ััะฐัะธะบ. ะะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะฟะพััะพะผั * ัััะตััะฒััั ัััะฐัะตะณะธะธ ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั * . ะงัะพ ัะฐะบะพะต ัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะฐั ัััะฐัะตะณะธั (ะฒ ะฟัะพััะพะผ ะฒะธะดะต)? ะกะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน = ะดะฒะต ะฒะตััะธะธ, ัะฐะฑะพัะฐััะธะต ะพะดะฝะพะฒัะตะผะตะฝะฝะพ. ะกะธะฝะธะน โ ัะตะบััะตะต ะฟัะพะธะทะฒะพะดััะฒะพ ะะตะปะตะฝัะน โ ะฝะพะฒะฐั ะฒะตััะธั, ะฟัะพัะตััะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฐ ะขัะฐะฝัะฟะพััะฝัะน ะฟะพัะพะบ ัะตะทะบะพ ะผะตะฝัะตั ะฝะฐะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะดะฒะธะถะตะฝะธั. ะััััััะฒะธะต ัะฐััะธัะฝะพะณะพ ััะฐัะธะบะฐ. ะััััััะฒะธะต ะทะฐะผะตะดะปะตะฝะธั ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั. ะะพัะตะผั ัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน ัะฒะตั ะธัะฟะพะปัะทัะตััั ะฒ DevOps ะัะตะธะผััะตััะฒะฐ ะััััััะฒะธะต ะฟัะพััะพะตะฒ ะะณะฝะพะฒะตะฝะฝัะน ะพัะบะฐั ะะตะทะพะฟะฐัะฝัะต ัะตะปะธะทั ะะตะณะบะพ ะฟะพะฝััั ะัะตะดัะบะฐะทัะตะผะพะต ะฟะพะฒะตะดะตะฝะธะต ะะพะณะดะฐ DevOps ะฒัะฑะธัะฐะตั ัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน ะฟะพะดั
ะพะด ะัะธัะธัะตัะบะธะต ะฟัะธะปะพะถะตะฝะธั API ะคะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒัะต ัะธััะตะผั ะะฝัััะตะฝะฝะธะต ะฟะปะฐััะพัะผั ะะพะณะดะฐ ะฝะตัะดะฐัะฐ ะพะฑั
ะพะดะธััั ะดะพัะพะณะพ ะะฐะบ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะตั ะฟัะธะฝัะธะฟ ยซัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะพะณะพยป ะฒะทะฐะธะผะพะดะตะนััะฒะธั ะฒ Kubernetes (ะฟัะพััะฐั ะธััะธะฝะฐ) Kubernetes ัะถะต ะฟัะตะดะพััะฐะฒะปัะตั ะฝะฐะผ ัะฐะบะพะน ะธะฝััััะผะตะฝั: ๐ ะกะตัะฒะธั ะ ะตัะตะฝะธะต ะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐะตั ัะปัะถะฑะฐ: ยซะะฐะบะธะต ะผะพะดัะปะธ ะฟะพัะตัะฐัั ะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธ?ยป ะกะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน = * ะธะทะผะตะฝะธัั ัะตะปะตะบัะพั ััะปัะณะธ * ะะพั ะธ ะฒัะต. ะะฝะตะดัะตะฝะธะต ัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะพะณะพ ะฟะพะดั
ะพะดะฐ (ั ะฝัะปั) 1๏ธโฃ ะ ะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต Blue (ะฒะตััะธั 1 โ ะฒ ัะฐะฑะพัะตะผ ัะตะถะธะผะต) apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: app-blue spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: demo color: blue template: metadata: labels: app: demo color: blue spec: containers: - name: app image: hashicorp/http-echo:0.2.3 args: ["-text=BLUE v1"] ports: - containerPort: 5678 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2๏ธโฃ ะญะบะพะปะพะณะธัะฝะพะต ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต (ะฒะตััะธั 2 โ ะฝะต ะทะฐะฟััะตะฝะฐ) apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: app-green spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: demo color: green template: metadata: labels: app: demo color: green spec: containers: - name: app image: hashicorp/http-echo:0.2.3 args: ["-text=GREEN v2"] ports: - containerPort: 5678 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3๏ธโฃ ะกะตัะฒะธั (ะฟัะพะธะทะฒะพะดััะฒะตะฝะฝัะน ััะฐัะธะบ) apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: prod-svc spec: selector: app: demo color: blue # LIVE VERSION ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 5678 ะญัะพ ะฟะตัะตะบะปััะฐัะตะปั ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั . ะ ะฐะทะฒะตัะฝะธัะต ะฒัั kubectl apply -f blue.yaml kubectl apply -f green.yaml kubectl apply -f service.yaml Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะขัะฐัะธะบ โ ะกะะะะ ะกะฐะผะพ ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต (ัะธะฝะธะน โ ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน) ะะทะผะตะฝะธัะต ะพะดะฝั ัััะพะบั: color: green Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะะพะดะฐะนัะต ะทะฐัะฒะบั ัะฝะพะฒะฐ: kubectl apply -f service.yaml Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะขัะฐะฝัะฟะพััะฝัะน ะฟะพัะพะบ ะผะณะฝะพะฒะตะฝะฝะพ ะฟะตัะตะบะปััะฐะตััั. ะะตัะตะทะฐะณััะทะบะฐ Pod ะฝะต ััะตะฑัะตััั. ะัะพััะพะน ะพััััััะฒัะตั. ะัะบะฐั (ะฑะตะทะพะฟะฐัะฝะพััั DevOps) ะะตัะฝะธัะตัั ะฝะฐะทะฐะด: color: blue Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะัะธะผะตะฝะธัั โ ะพัะบะฐั ะทะฐะฒะตััะตะฝ. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Follow DevOps Engineer. AWS, Terraform, Docker and CI/CD. Building real projects and sharing my DevOps journey. Location United States Work DevOps Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2025 More from Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Readiness probe # aws # kubernetes # beginners # devops Kubernetes #1 # kubernetes # nginx # docker # programming ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/datalaria/weather-service-project-part-2-building-the-interactive-frontend-with-github-pages-or-netlify-ho1#main-content | Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at datalaria.com Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # javascript # webdev # tutorial # frontend In the first part of this series , we laid the groundwork for our global weather service. We built a Python script to fetch weather data from OpenWeatherMap, efficiently stored it in city-specific CSV files, and automated the entire collection process using GitHub Actions. Our "robot" is diligently gathering data 24/7. But what good is data if you can't see it? Today, we shift our focus to the frontend : building an interactive, user-friendly dashboard that allows anyone to explore the weather data we've collected. We'll leverage the power of static site hosting with GitHub Pages or Netlify , use "vanilla" JavaScript to bring it to life, and rely on some excellent libraries for data handling and visualization. Let's make our data shine! Free Web Hosting: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify The first hurdle for any web project is hosting. Traditional servers can be costly and complex to manage. Following our "serverless and free" philosophy, both GitHub Pages and Netlify are perfect solutions for hosting static websites directly from your GitHub repository. Option 1: GitHub Pages GitHub Pages allows you to host static websites directly from your GitHub repository. Activation is trivial: Go to Settings > Pages in your repository. Select your main branch (or the branch containing your web content) as the source. Choose the /root folder (or a /docs folder if you prefer) as the location of your web files. Click Save . And just like that, your index.html file (and any linked assets) becomes publicly accessible at a URL like https://your-username.github.io/your-repository-name/ . Simple, effective, and free! ๐ Option 2: Netlify (the final choice for this project!) For this project, I ultimately opted for Netlify due to its flexibility, ease of managing custom domains, and integrated continuous deployment. It also allows me to host the project directly under my Datalaria domain ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Steps to deploy on Netlify: Connect Your Repository : Log in to Netlify. Click "Add new site" then "Import an existing project". Connect your GitHub account and select your Weather Service project repository. Deployment Configuration : Owner : Your GitHub account. Branch to deploy : main (or the branch where your frontend code resides). Base directory : Leave this empty if your index.html and assets are in the root of the repository, or specify a subfolder if applicable (e.g., /frontend ). Build command : Leave it empty, as our frontend is purely static with no build step required (no frameworks like React/Vue). Publish directory : . (or the subfolder containing your static files, e.g., /frontend ). Deploy Site : Click "Deploy site". Netlify will fetch your repository, deploy it, and provide you with a random URL. Custom Domain (Optional but recommended) : To use a domain like datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Go to Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Follow the steps to add your domain and configure it with your provider's DNS (by adding CNAME or A records). For the specific path ( /apps/weather/ ), you would typically configure a "subfolder" or "base URL" within your application if it's not directly at the root of the domain. In this case, our index.html is designed to be served from a subpath. Netlify handles this transparently once the site is deployed and your domain is configured. It's that simple! Each git push to your configured branch will trigger a new deployment on Netlify, keeping your dashboard always up-to-date. The Frontend Tech Stack: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript (with a little help) For this dashboard, I opted for a lightweight approach: plain HTML for structure, a bit of CSS for styling, and "vanilla" JavaScript (without complex frameworks) for interactivity. To handle specific tasks, I incorporated two fantastic libraries: PapaParse.js : The fastest in-browser CSV parser for JavaScript. It's the bridge between our raw CSV files and the JavaScript data structures we need for visualization. Chart.js : A powerful and flexible JavaScript charting library that makes creating beautiful, responsive, and interactive charts incredibly easy. The Dashboard Logic: Bringing Data to Life in index.html Our index.html acts as the main canvas, orchestrating the fetching, parsing, and rendering of weather data. 1. Dynamic City Loading In stead of hardcoding a list of cities, we want our dashboard to automatically update if we add new cities in the backend. We achieve this by fetching a simple ciudades.txt file (containing one city name per line) and dynamically populating a <select> dropdown element using JavaScript's fetch API. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( ' citySelector ' ); let myChart = null ; // Global variable to store the Chart.js instance async function loadCityList () { try { const response = await fetch ( ' ciudades.txt ' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filter out empty lines from the text file const cities = text . split ( ' \n ' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); cities . forEach ( city => { const option = document . createElement ( ' option ' ); option . value = city ; option . textContent = city ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Load the first city by default when the page initializes if ( cities . length > 0 ) { loadAndDrawData ( cities [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error loading city list: ' , error ); // Optional: Display a user-friendly error message } } // Trigger city loading when the DOM is fully loaded document . addEventListener ( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , loadCityList ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Reacting to User Selection When a user selects a city from the dropdown, we need to respond immediately. An addEventListener on the <select> element detects the change event and calls our main function to fetch and draw the data for the newly selected city. citySelector . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { const selectedCity = event . target . value ; loadAndDrawData ( selectedCity ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Fetching, Parsing, and Drawing Data This is the central function where everything comes to life. It is responsible for: Constructing the URL for the specific city's CSV file (e.g., data/Leon.csv ). Using Papa.parse to download and process the CSV content directly in the browser. PapaParse handles asynchronous fetching and parsing, making it incredibly easy. Extracting relevant labels (dates) and data (temperatures) from the parsed CSV for Chart.js. Crucial! : Before drawing a new chart, we must destroy the previous Chart.js instance ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). Forgetting this step leads to overlapping charts and performance issues! ๐ฅ Creating a new Chart() instance with the updated data. Additionally, it calls a function to load and display the AI prediction for that city, seamlessly integrating it into the dashboard. function loadAndDrawData ( city ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ city } .csv` ; // Note the 'datos/' folder from Part 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( ' weatherChart ' ). getContext ( ' 2d ' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Tells PapaParse to download the file header : true , // Treats the first row as headers skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const weatherData = results . data ; // Extract labels (dates) and data (temperatures) const labels = weatherData . map ( row => row . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extract only the date const maxTemp = weatherData . map ( row => parseFloat ( row . temp_max_c )); const minTemp = weatherData . map ( row => parseFloat ( row . temp_min_c )); // Destroy the previous chart instance if it exists to prevent overlaps if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Create a new Chart.js instance myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : ' line ' , data : { labels : labels , datasets : [{ label : `Max Temp (ยฐC) - ${ city } ` , data : maxTemp , borderColor : ' rgb(255, 99, 132) ' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Min Temp (ยฐC) - ${ city } ` , data : minTemp , borderColor : ' rgb(54, 162, 235) ' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Chart options for responsiveness, title, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : ' top ' }, title : { display : true , text : `Historical Weather Data for ${ city } ` } } } }); // Load and display AI prediction loadPrediction ( city ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( " Error parsing CSV: " , err , file ); // Optional: display a user-friendly error message on the dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Clear chart if loading fails } }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Displaying AI Predictions The integration of AI predictions (which we'll delve into in Part 3) is also managed from the frontend. The backend generates a predicciones.json file, and our JavaScript simply fetches this JSON, finds the prediction for the selected city, and displays it. async function loadPrediction ( city ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( ' prediction ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' predicciones.json ' ); const predictions = await response . json (); if ( predictions && predictions [ city ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Max Temp. Prediction for tomorrow: ${ predictions [ city ]. toFixed ( 1 )} ยฐC` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = ' Prediction not available. ' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error loading predictions: ' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = ' Error loading prediction. ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion (Part 2) We've transformed raw data into an engaging and interactive experience! By combining static hosting from GitHub Pages or Netlify, "vanilla" JavaScript for logic, PapaParse.js for CSV handling, and Chart.js for beautiful visualizations, we've built a powerful frontend that is both free and highly effective. The dashboard now provides immediate insight into the historical weather patterns of any selected city. But what about the future? In the third and final part of this series , we'll delve into the exciting world of Machine Learning to add a predictive layer to our service. We'll explore how to use historical data to forecast tomorrow's weather, turning our service into a true weather "oracle." Stay tuned! References and Links of Interest: Complete Web Service : You can see the final project in action here: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Project GitHub Repository : Explore the source code and project structure in my repository: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Fast in-browser CSV parser for JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Simple, yet flexible JavaScript charting for designers & developers: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Official documentation on how to host your sites: https://docs.github.com/en/pages Netlify : Official Netlify website: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial Building Datalaria: Technologies and Tools # showdev # github # tooling # webdev ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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https://datalaria.com/en/posts/app_openweather_part1_backend/ | Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify | Datalaria Datalaria | Es Blog Apps Games About Tags Contact Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify First installment in the series on building a weather service. We focus on the backend: connecting to the OpenWeatherMap API, storing data in CSV, and automating everything 24/7 for free with GitHub Actions or Netlify. October 31, 2025 ยท Datalaria As I mentioned in a previous post, one of my goals with Datalaria is to get my hands dirty with projects that allow me to learn and connect different technologies in the data world. Today, we begin a series dedicated to one of those projects: the creation of a complete global weather service , from data collection to visualization and prediction, all serverless and using free tools. In this first installment, we will focus on the heart of the system: the backend data collector . We’ll see how to build a “robot” that works for us 24/7, connecting to an external API, saving structured information, and doing all this automatically and for free. Let’s dive in! The First Step: Talking to the OpenWeatherMap API # Every weather service needs a data source. I chose OpenWeatherMap for its popularity and generous free plan. The initial process is straightforward: Register : Create an account on their website. Get the API Key : Generate a unique key that will identify us in each call. It’s like our “key” to access their data. Store the Key : Never directly in the code! We’ll discuss this further below. With the key in hand (or almost!), I wrote a first test_clima.py script to test the connection using Python’s fantastic requests library: import requests API_KEY = "YOUR_API_KEY_HERE" # Temporarily! We'll use Secrets later CITY = "Madrid" URL = f "[https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=](https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=) { CITY } &appid= { API_KEY } &units=metric&lang=es" try : response = requests . get ( URL ) response . raise_for_status () # Raises an exception for HTTP errors (4xx or 5xx) data = response . json () print ( f "Temperature in { CITY } : { data [ 'main' ][ 'temp' ] } ยฐC" ) except requests . exceptions . RequestException as e : print ( f "Error connecting to the API: { e } " ) except KeyError as e : print ( f "Unexpected API response, key missing: { e } " ) First Obstacle Overcome (with Patience): When I first ran it, I got a 401 Unauthorized error! ๐ฑ It turns out that OpenWeatherMap API Keys can take a few hours to activate after being generated. The lesson: sometimes, the solution is simply to wait. โณ The “Database”: Why CSV and Not SQL? # With data flowing, I needed to store it. I could have set up an SQL database (PostgreSQL, MySQL…), but that would involve complexity, a server (cost), and for this project, it was overkill. I opted for radical simplicity: CSV (Comma Separated Values) files . Advantages : Easy to read and write with Python, perfectly versionable with Git (we can track changes), and sufficient for the initial data volume we’d be handling. Key Logic : I needed to append a new row to each city’s file daily, but only write the header ( date_time , city , temperature_c , etc.) the first time. Python’s native csv library and os.path.exists make this trivial: import csv import os from datetime import datetime # ... (code to fetch API data for a city) ... now = datetime . now () . strftime ( '%Y-%m- %d %H:%M:%S' ) data_row = [ now , city , temperature , ... ] # List with the data header = [ 'date_time' , 'city' , 'temperature_c' , ... ] # List with column names file_name = f "data/ { city } .csv" # We'll create a 'data' folder # Ensure the 'data' folder exists os . makedirs ( os . path . dirname ( file_name ), exist_ok = True ) is_new_file = not os . path . exists ( file_name ) try : with open ( file_name , mode = 'a' , newline = '' , encoding = 'utf-8' ) as f : writer = csv . writer ( f ) if is_new_file : writer . writerow ( header ) # Write header ONLY if new file writer . writerow ( data_row ) # Append the new data row print ( f "Data saved for { city } " ) except IOError as e : print ( f "Error writing to { file_name } : { e } " ) The Automation Robot: GitHub Actions to the Rescue ๐ค # Here comes the magic: how to make this script run daily without having a server constantly on? The answer is GitHub Actions , the automation engine integrated into GitHub. It’s like having a small robot working for us for free. Security First: Never Upload Your API Key! The biggest mistake would be to upload registrar_clima.py with the API_KEY written directly in the code. Anyone could see it on GitHub. Solution : Use GitHub’s Repository Secrets . Go to Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions in your GitHub repository. Create a new secret named OPENWEATHER_API_KEY and paste your key there. In your Python script, read the key securely using os.environ.get("OPENWEATHER_API_KEY") . The Robot’s Brain: The .github/workflows/update-weather.yml File This YAML file tells GitHub Actions what to do and when: name : Daily Weather Data Update on : workflow_dispatch : # Allows manual triggering from GitHub push : branches : [ main ] # Triggers if changes are pushed to the main branch schedule : - cron: '0 6 * * *' # The key : triggers daily at 06:00 UTC jobs : update_data : runs-on : ubuntu-latest # Use a free Linux virtual machine steps : - name : Checkout repository code uses : actions/checkout@v4 # Downloads our code - name : Set up Python uses : actions/setup-python@v5 with : python-version : '3.10' # Or your preferred version - name : Install necessary dependencies run : pip install -r requirements.txt # Reads requirements.txt and installs requests, etc. - name : Execute data collection script run : python registrar_clima.py # Our main script! env : OPENWEATHER_API_KEY : ${{ secrets.OPENWEATHER_API_KEY }} # Securely injects the secret - name : Save new data to repository (Commit & Push) run : | git config user.name 'github-actions[bot]' # Identifies the 'bot' git config user.email 'github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com' git add data/*.csv # Adds ONLY the modified CSV files in the 'data' folder # Check if there are changes before committing to avoid empty commits git diff --staged --quiet || git commit -m "Automated weather data update ๐ค" git push # Pushes changes to the repository env : GITHUB_TOKEN : ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # Automatic token to allow the push This last step is crucial! The Action itself acts as a user, performing git add , git commit , and git push of the CSV files that the Python script has just modified. This way, the updated data is saved in our repository every day. The Serverless Alternative: Deployment and Automation with Netlify ๐ # While GitHub Actions is a fantastic automation tool, for this project I decided to explore an alternative even more integrated with the “serverless” concept: Netlify . Netlify not only allows us to deploy our static frontend (like GitHub Pages) but also offers serverless functions and, crucially for our backend, scheduled functions (or Cron Jobs) . Deploying the Static Frontend with Netlify # Connect Your Repository : The process is incredibly simple. Log in to Netlify, click “Add new site,” and select “Import an existing project.” Connect with your GitHub account and choose your Weather Service project repository. Basic Configuration : Netlify will automatically detect your project. Ensure that the “Build command” is empty (as it’s a static site with no build process) and that the “Publish directory” is the root of your repository ( ./ ). Continuous Deployment : Netlify will automatically configure continuous deployment. Every time you git push to your main branch (or whichever branch you’ve configured), Netlify will rebuild and deploy your site. Automating the Backend with Netlify Functions (and Cron Jobs) # This is where Netlify Serverless Functions shine for our data collector. Instead of a GitHub Actions workflow, we can use a Netlify function to run our Python script on a schedule: Project Structure : Create a netlify/functions/ folder at the root of your project. Inside, you can have a Python file like collect_weather.py . Dependency Management : You’ll need a requirements.txt file at the root of your project for Netlify to install Python dependencies ( requests , pandas , scikit-learn ). netlify.toml Configuration : This file at your project’s root is crucial for defining your functions and their schedules: [ build ] publish = "." # Directory where your index.html is located command = "" # No build command needed for a static site [ functions ] directory = "netlify/functions" # Where your functions are located node_bundler = "esbuild" # For JS/TS functions. Netlify will detect Python. [[ edge_functions ]] # For scheduling a function (requires Netlify Edge Functions) function = "collect_weather" # The name of your function (without the .py extension) path = "/.netlify/functions/collect_weather" # The function path (can be different) schedule = "@daily" # Or use a cron string like "0 6 * * *" The Python Function ( netlify/functions/collect_weather.py ) : This function will encapsulate the logic of your registrar_clima.py . Netlify will execute it in a Python environment. # netlify/functions/collect_weather.py import json import requests import os import time from datetime import datetime import csv # ... (all your registrar_clima.py script code goes here) ... # Ensure API_KEYs are read from os.environ # and that data is written directly to the repository using GitPython # or in a way that Netlify can persist changes. # **Important**: Netlify Functions are ephemeral. # To persist changes in the repo, you would need Git integration # similar to what GitHub Actions would do (using a Personal Access Token). # However, for a static frontend, the simplest approach is for this function # to only generate a predictions JSON and upload it to storage like S3, # or for the Python collection script to continue running on GitHub Actions # and Netlify only serve the frontend. # If the idea is for Netlify to ALSO commit, this is more complex # and would require a Git API or a PAT token from Netlify. def handler ( event , context ): # The main call to your data collection logic would go here # This is a simplified example try : # Your logic to fetch and save data, generate CSVs/JSONs # If you want this to commit to GitHub, you would need: # 1. A GitHub PAT token stored as an environment variable in Netlify. # 2. A library like GitPython to interact with Git. # It is more common for serverless functions to persist data in databases # or object storage services (e.g., S3), not in the Git repo itself. # For this project, the GitHub Actions approach for the backend # that directly commits to the repo is still simpler # for CSV storage. Netlify would be ideal for the frontend # and functions for real-time APIs or lightweight predictions. print ( "Netlify function for weather collection executed." ) # If the function generates any JSON output for the frontend, it would return it here: # return { # "statusCode": 200, # "body": json.dumps({"message": "Data collection complete"}), # } return { "statusCode" : 200 , "body" : json . dumps ({ "message" : "Backend logic would run here. For data persistence in GitHub, GitHub Actions is more direct." }), } except Exception as e : return { "statusCode" : 500 , "body" : json . dumps ({ "error" : str ( e )}), } Environment Variables in Netlify : For the OPENWEATHER_API_KEY , go to Site settings > Build & deploy > Environment variables and add your key there. Important Consideration : For the Netlify function to persist changes directly to your GitHub repository (like committing the CSVs), you would need a more advanced setup (such as using a GitHub Personal Access Token within the Netlify function to perform git push ), which is more complex. To maintain simplicity and direct storage in the Git repository with automatic CSV commits, the GitHub Actions solution remains the most straightforward and efficient for the data collector backend in this specific case . Netlify excels at frontend deployment and for functions that interact with external services or databases without committing to the main application’s Git repository. In this project, we use GitHub Actions for the backend (collecting and committing CSVs) and Netlify for frontend deployment and potentially for lighter, real-time functions that don’t need to modify the Git repo. This last step is crucial! The Action itself acts as a user, performing git add , git commit , and git push of the CSV files that the Python script has just modified. This way, the updated data is saved in our repository every day. The Scaling Problem (and the Necessary Architectural Pivot) # My initial idea was to monitor about 1000 cities and store everything in a single weather_data.csv file. I did a quick calculation: 1000 cities * ~200 bytes/day * 365 days * 3 years… over 200 MB! ๐ฑ Why is this a problem? Because the frontend (our dashboard, which we’ll see in the next post) runs in the user’s browser. It would have to download that entire 200 MB just to display the graph for one city. Totally unacceptable in terms of performance. ๐ข The Architectural Solution: Switch to a “one file per entity” strategy. We create a data/ folder. The registrar_clima.py script now generates (or appends data to) one CSV file per city: data/Madrid.csv , data/Leon.csv , data/Tokyo.csv , etc. This way, when the user wants to see the weather for Leon, the frontend will only download the data/Leon.csv file, which will be just a few kilobytes. Instant loading! โจ Second Scaling Obstacle (API Limits): OpenWeatherMap, in its free plan, allows about 60 calls per minute. My loop to get data for 155 cities (my current list) would make these calls too quickly. Vital Solution: Add import time at the beginning of the Python script and time.sleep(1.1) at the end of the for city in cities: loop. This introduces a pause of slightly more than 1 second between each API call, ensuring we stay below the limit and avoid being blocked. ๐ฆ Conclusion (Part 1) # We’ve got the foundation! We’ve built a robust and automated system that: Connects to an external API securely. Processes and stores historical data for multiple entities (cities). Runs daily, at no cost, thanks to GitHub Actions. Is designed to scale efficiently. In the next post, we’ll put on our frontend developer hats and build the interactive dashboard that will allow any user to explore this data with dynamic graphs. Don’t miss it! References and Links of Interest: # Complete Web Service : See the live project in action here: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Project GitHub Repository : Explore the source code and project structure: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather OpenWeatherMap : Weather API documentation: https://openweathermap.org/api Python Requests : Documentation for the HTTP requests library: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/ GitHub Actions : Official GitHub Actions guide: https://docs.github.com/en/actions Netlify : Official Netlify website: https://www.netlify.com/ Python Api Github Actions Automation Serverless Data Backend Netlify © 2026 Datalaria ยท Powered by Hugo & PaperMod | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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https://dev.to/datalaria/proyecto-weather-service-parte-2-construyendo-el-frontend-interactivo-con-github-pages-o-netlify-3oc0#main-content | Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at datalaria.com Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript # frontend # javascript # spanish # tutorial En la primera parte de esta serie , sentamos las bases de nuestro servicio meteorolรณgico global. Construimos un script de Python para obtener datos del clima de OpenWeatherMap, los almacenamos eficientemente en ficheros CSV separados por ciudad y automatizamos todo el proceso de recolecciรณn utilizando GitHub Actions. Nuestro "robot" estรก diligentemente recopilando datos 24/7. Pero, ยฟde quรฉ sirven los datos si no puedes verlos? Hoy, cambiamos nuestro enfoque al frontend : la construcciรณn de un dashboard interactivo y fรกcil de usar que permita a cualquiera explorar los datos meteorolรณgicos que hemos recopilado. Aprovecharemos el poder del alojamiento de sitios estรกticos con GitHub Pages o Netlify , utilizaremos JavaScript "vainilla" para darle vida y nos apoyaremos en algunas excelentes librerรญas para el manejo y la visualizaciรณn de datos. ยกHagamos que nuestros datos brillen! Alojamiento Web Gratuito: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify El primer obstรกculo para cualquier proyecto web es el alojamiento. Los servidores tradicionales pueden ser costosos y complejos de gestionar. Siguiendo nuestra filosofรญa "serverless y gratis", tanto GitHub Pages como Netlify son soluciones perfectas para alojar sitios web estรกticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. Opciรณn 1: GitHub Pages Permite alojar sitios web estรกticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. La activaciรณn es trivial: Ve a Settings > Pages en tu repositorio. Selecciona tu rama main (o la rama que contenga tu contenido web) como fuente. Elige la carpeta /root (o una carpeta /docs si lo prefieres) como la ubicaciรณn de tus archivos web. Haz clic en Save . Y asรญ, tu archivo index.html (y cualquier recurso vinculado) se vuelve accesible pรบblicamente en una URL como https://tu-usuario.github.io/tu-nombre-de-repositorio/ . ยกSencillo, efectivo y gratuito! ๐ Opciรณn 2: Netlify (ยกla elecciรณn final para este proyecto!) Para este proyecto, finalmente he optado por Netlify por su flexibilidad, la facilidad para gestionar dominios personalizados y su integraciรณn con el despliegue continuo. Ademรกs, me permite alojar el proyecto directamente bajo mi dominio de Datalaria ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Pasos para desplegar en Netlify: Conectar tu Repositorio : Inicia sesiรณn en Netlify. Haz clic en "Add new site" y luego en "Import an existing project". Conecta tu cuenta de GitHub y selecciona el repositorio de tu proyecto Weather Service. Configuraciรณn de Despliegue : Owner : Tu cuenta de GitHub. Branch to deploy : main (o la rama donde tengas tu cรณdigo frontend). Base directory : Deja esto vacรญo si tu index.html y assets estรกn en la raรญz del repositorio, o especifica una subcarpeta si es el caso (ej., /frontend ). Build command : Dรฉjalo vacรญo, ya que nuestro frontend es puramente estรกtico sin necesidad de un paso de build (sin frameworks como React/Vue). Publish directory : . (o la subcarpeta que contenga tus archivos estรกticos, ej., /frontend ). Desplegar Sitio : Haz clic en "Deploy site". Netlify tomarรก tu repositorio, lo desplegarรก y te proporcionarรก una URL aleatoria. Dominio Personalizado (Opcional pero recomendado) : Para usar un dominio como datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Ve a Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Sigue los pasos para aรฑadir tu dominio y configurarlo con los DNS de tu proveedor (aรฑadiendo registros CNAME o A ). Para la ruta especรญfica ( /apps/weather/ ), necesitarรกs configurar una "subcarpeta" o "base URL" en tu aplicaciรณn si no estรก directamente en la raรญz del dominio. En este caso, nuestro index.html estรก diseรฑado para ser servido desde una subruta. Netlify gestiona esto de forma transparente una vez que el sitio estรก desplegado y tu dominio configurado. ยกAsรญ de sencillo! Cada git push a tu rama configurada activarรก un nuevo despliegue en Netlify, manteniendo tu dashboard siempre actualizado. La Pila Tecnolรณgica del Frontend: HTML, CSS y JavaScript (con una pequeรฑa ayuda) Para este dashboard, optรฉ por un enfoque ligero: HTML puro para la estructura, un poco de CSS para los estilos y JavaScript "vainilla" (sin frameworks complejos) para la interactividad. Para manejar tareas especรญficas, incorporรฉ dos librerรญas fantรกsticas: PapaParse.js : El mejor parser de CSV del lado del cliente para el navegador. Es el puente entre nuestros archivos CSV en bruto y las estructuras de datos de JavaScript que necesitamos para la visualizaciรณn. Chart.js : Una potente y flexible librerรญa de grรกficos JavaScript que facilita enormemente la creaciรณn de grรกficos bonitos, responsivos e interactivos. La Lรณgica del Dashboard: Dando Vida a los Datos en index.html Nuestro index.html actรบa como el lienzo principal, orquestando la obtenciรณn, el parseo y la representaciรณn de los datos meteorolรณgicos. 1. Carga Dinรกmica de Ciudades En lugar de codificar una lista de ciudades, queremos que nuestro dashboard se actualice automรกticamente si aรฑadimos nuevas ciudades en el backend. Lo logramos obteniendo un simple archivo ciudades.txt (que contiene un nombre de ciudad por lรญnea) y poblando dinรกmicamente un elemento desplegable <select> utilizando la API fetch de JavaScript. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( ' citySelector ' ); let myChart = null ; // Variable global para almacenar la instancia de Chart.js async function cargarListaCiudades () { try { const response = await fetch ( ' ciudades.txt ' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filtramos las lรญneas vacรญas del archivo de texto const ciudades = text . split ( ' \n ' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); ciudades . forEach ( ciudad => { const option = document . createElement ( ' option ' ); option . value = ciudad ; option . textContent = ciudad ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Cargamos la primera ciudad por defecto al inicio de la pรกgina if ( ciudades . length > 0 ) { cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudades [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando la lista de ciudades: ' , error ); // Opcional: Mostrar un mensaje de error amigable al usuario } } // Disparamos la carga de ciudades cuando el DOM estรฉ completamente cargado document . addEventListener ( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , cargarListaCiudades ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Reacciรณn a la Selecciรณn del Usuario Cuando un usuario selecciona una ciudad del desplegable, necesitamos responder de inmediato. Un addEventListener en el elemento <select> detecta el evento change y llama a nuestra funciรณn principal para obtener y dibujar los datos de la ciudad reciรฉn seleccionada. citySelector . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { const ciudadSeleccionada = event . target . value ; cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudadSeleccionada ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Obtenciรณn, Parseo y Dibujado de Datos Esta es la funciรณn central donde todo cobra vida. Es responsable de: Construir la URL para el archivo CSV especรญfico de la ciudad (ej., datos/Leรณn.csv ). Utilizar Papa.parse para descargar y procesar el contenido del CSV directamente en el navegador. PapaParse maneja la obtenciรณn y el parseo asรญncronos, lo que lo hace increรญblemente fรกcil. Extraer las etiquetas (fechas) y los datos (temperaturas) relevantes del CSV parseado para Chart.js. ยกCrucial! : Antes de dibujar un nuevo grรกfico, debemos destruir la instancia anterior de Chart.js ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). ยกOlvidar este paso lleva a grรกficos superpuestos y problemas de rendimiento! ๐ฅ Crear una nueva instancia de Chart() con los datos actualizados. Adicionalmente, llama a una funciรณn para cargar y mostrar la predicciรณn de IA para esa ciudad, integrรกndola sin problemas en el dashboard. function cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudad ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ ciudad } .csv` ; // Nota la carpeta 'datos/' de la Parte 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( ' weatherChart ' ). getContext ( ' 2d ' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Indica a PapaParse que descargue el archivo header : true , // Trata la primera fila como encabezados skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const datosClimaticos = results . data ; // Extraer etiquetas (fechas) y datos (temperaturas) const etiquetas = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => fila . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extraer solo la fecha const tempMax = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_max_c )); const tempMin = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_min_c )); // Destruir la instancia de grรกfico anterior si existe para evitar superposiciones if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Crear una nueva instancia de Chart.js myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : ' line ' , data : { labels : etiquetas , datasets : [{ label : `Temp Mรกx (ยฐC) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMax , borderColor : ' rgb(255, 99, 132) ' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Temp Mรญn (ยฐC) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMin , borderColor : ' rgb(54, 162, 235) ' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Opciones del grรกfico para responsividad, tรญtulo, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : ' top ' }, title : { display : true , text : `Datos Histรณricos del Clima para ${ ciudad } ` } } } }); // Cargar y mostrar la predicciรณn de IA cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( " Error al parsear el CSV: " , err , file ); // Opcional: mostrar un mensaje de error amigable en el dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Limpiar grรกfico si falla la carga } }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Mostrar Predicciones de IA La integraciรณn de las predicciones de IA (en las que profundizaremos en la Parte 3) tambiรฉn se gestiona desde el frontend. El backend genera un archivo predicciones.json , y nuestro JavaScript simplemente obtiene este JSON, encuentra la predicciรณn para la ciudad seleccionada y la muestra. async function cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( ' prediction ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' predicciones.json ' ); const predicciones = await response . json (); if ( predicciones && predicciones [ ciudad ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Predicciรณn de Temp. Mรกx. para maรฑana: ${ predicciones [ ciudad ]. toFixed ( 1 )} ยฐC` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = ' Predicciรณn no disponible. ' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando predicciones: ' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = ' Error al cargar la predicciรณn. ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusiรณn (Parte 2) ยกHemos transformado los datos en bruto en una experiencia atractiva e interactiva! Al combinar el alojamiento estรกtico de GitHub Pages o Netlify, JavaScript "vainilla" para la lรณgica, PapaParse.js para el manejo de CSV y Chart.js para visualizaciones hermosas, hemos construido un frontend potente que es a la vez gratuito y muy efectivo. El dashboard ahora proporciona informaciรณn inmediata sobre los patrones climรกticos histรณricos de cualquier ciudad seleccionada. Pero, ยฟquรฉ pasa con el futuro? En la tercera y รบltima parte de esta serie , nos adentraremos en el emocionante mundo del Machine Learning para aรฑadir una capa predictiva a nuestro servicio. Exploraremos cรณmo usar datos histรณricos para pronosticar el tiempo de maรฑana, convirtiendo nuestro servicio en un verdadero "orรกculo" meteorolรณgico. ยกNo te lo pierdas! Referencias y Enlaces de Interรฉs: Servicio Web Completo : Puedes ver el resultado final de este proyecto en acciรณn aquรญ: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Repositorio GitHub del Proyecto : Explora el cรณdigo fuente y la estructura del proyecto en mi repositorio: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Parser de CSV rรกpido en el navegador para JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Grรกficos JavaScript simples pero flexibles para diseรฑadores y desarrolladores: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Documentaciรณn oficial sobre cรณmo alojar tus sitios: https://docs.github.com/es/pages Netlify : Pรกgina oficial de Netlify: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # frontend # javascript # tutorial # webdev Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/joe-re/i-built-a-desktop-app-to-supercharge-my-tmux-claude-code-workflow-521m#background | I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse joe-re Posted on Jan 12 I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow # claudecode # tauri # productivity # tmux Background Until recently, I was primarily using Cursor for AI-assisted coding. The editor-centric AI integration worked really well with my development styleโit made the feedback loop smooth when AI-generated code didn't match my intentions, whether I needed to manually fix it or provide additional instructions. But everything changed when Opus 4.5 was released in late November last year. Opus 4.5 delivers outputs that match my expectations far better than any previous model. Claude Code's CUI-first design also feels natural to my workflow. Now, Claude Code has become the center of my development process. I've locked in Opus 4.5 as my daily driver. I typically run multiple Claude Code sessions simultaneouslyโacross different projects or multiple branches using git worktree. Managing notifications and checking outputs across these sessions is critical. I was using OS notifications to check in whenever changes happened, but I kept missing them. I wanted something better. So I built an app to streamline my workflow. What I Built eyes-on-claude-code It's a cross-platform desktop application built with Tauri . I've only tested it on macOS (my daily environment), but the codebase is designed to support Linux as well. My Environment & Workflow This app is primarily designed to optimize my own workflow, so the features reflect my environment and habits. I develop using Ghostty + tmux . My typical workflow looks like this: Draft ideas and design in Markdown Give instructions to Claude Code (using Plan mode for larger tasks) Review the diff of generated code, then provide additional instructions or continue Features Multi-Session Monitoring Dashboard The dashboard monitors Claude Code sessions by receiving events through hooks configured in the global settings.json . Since I keep this running during development, I designed it with a minimal, non-intrusive UI. Always-on-top mode (optional) ensures the window doesn't get buried under other appsโso you never miss a notification. Transparency settings let you configure opacity separately for active and inactive states. When inactive, you can make it nearly invisible so it doesn't get in the way. It's there in the top-right corner, barely visible. Status Display & Sound Notifications Sessions are displayed with one of four states: State Meaning Display Active Claude is working ๐ข WaitingPermission Waiting for permission approval ๐ WaitingInput Waiting for user input (idle) โณ Completed Response complete โ
Sound effects play on state changes (can be toggled off): Waiting (Permission/Input) : Alert tone (two low beeps) Completed : Completion chime (ascending two-note sound) I'm planning to add volume control and custom commands in the futureโlike using say to speak or playing music on completion ๐ต Git-Based Diff Viewer I usually review AI-generated changes using difit . I wanted to integrate that same flow into this app, so you can launch difit directly on changed files. Huge thanks to the difit team for building such a great tool! tmux Integration When developing, I use tmux panes and tabs to manage multiple windows. My typical setup is Claude Code on the left half, and server/commands on the right. When working across multiple projects or branches via git worktree, it's frustrating to hunt for which tmux tab has Claude Code running. So I added a tmux mirror view that lets you quickly check results and give simple instructions without switching tabs. How It Works The app uses Claude Code hooks to determine session status based on which hooks fire. Event Flow I didn't want to introduce complexity with an intermediate server for inter-process communication. So I went with a simple approach: hooks write to log files, and the app watches those files. Hooks write logs to a temporary directory ( .local/eocc/logs ), which the app monitors. Since Claude Code runs in a terminal, hooks can access terminal environment paths. This lets me grab tmux and npx paths from within hooks and pass them to the app. Mapping Hooks to Status Claude Code provides these hook events: https://code.claude.com/docs/hooks-guide Here's how I map them to session states: Event Usage Session State session_start (startup/resume) Start a session Active session_end End a session Remove session notification (permission_prompt) Waiting for approval WaitingPermission notification (idle_prompt) Waiting for input WaitingInput stop Response completed Completed post_tool_use After tool execution Active user_prompt_submit Prompt submitted Active Conclusion I've only been using Claude Code as my primary tool for about two months, and I expect my workflow will keep evolving. Thanks to AI, I can quickly build and adapt tools like thisโwhich is exactly what makes this era so exciting. If your workflow is similar to mine, give it a try! I'd love to hear your feedback. GitHub : https://github.com/joe-re/eyes-on-claude-code Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse joe-re Follow Software Engineer in Japan Work PeopleX Inc. Joined Jan 2, 2018 Trending on DEV Community Hot AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss I Didnโt โBecomeโ a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships ๐ # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://core.forem.com/t/mobile#main-content | Mobile - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Mobile Follow Hide iOS, Android, and any other types of mobile development... all are welcome! Create Post Older #mobile posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 โฆ 75 โฆ 180 Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu loading... trending guides/resources Next version of mobile app is going to be a nice upgrade ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core โ Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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https://datalaria.com/es/posts/app_openweather_part2_frontend/ | Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript | Datalaria Datalaria | En Blog Apps Juegos Sobre mรญ Etiquetas Contacto Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript Segunda entrega del proyecto Weather Service. Nos adentramos en el frontend: sirviendo un dashboard dinรกmico con GitHub Pages o Netlify, leyendo datos CSV con PapaParse.js y creando grรกficos interactivos con Chart.js. noviembre 8, 2025 ยท Datalaria | Traducciones: En En la primera parte de esta serie , sentamos las bases de nuestro servicio meteorolรณgico global. Construimos un script de Python para obtener datos del clima de OpenWeatherMap, los almacenamos eficientemente en ficheros CSV separados por ciudad y automatizamos todo el proceso de recolecciรณn utilizando GitHub Actions. Nuestro “robot” estรก diligentemente recopilando datos 24/7. Pero, ยฟde quรฉ sirven los datos si no puedes verlos? Hoy, cambiamos nuestro enfoque al frontend : la construcciรณn de un dashboard interactivo y fรกcil de usar que permita a cualquiera explorar los datos meteorolรณgicos que hemos recopilado. Aprovecharemos el poder del alojamiento de sitios estรกticos con GitHub Pages o Netlify , utilizaremos JavaScript “vainilla” para darle vida y nos apoyaremos en algunas excelentes librerรญas para el manejo y la visualizaciรณn de datos. ยกHagamos que nuestros datos brillen! Alojamiento Web Gratuito: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify # El primer obstรกculo para cualquier proyecto web es el alojamiento. Los servidores tradicionales pueden ser costosos y complejos de gestionar. Siguiendo nuestra filosofรญa “serverless y gratis”, tanto GitHub Pages como Netlify son soluciones perfectas para alojar sitios web estรกticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. Opciรณn 1: GitHub Pages # Permite alojar sitios web estรกticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. La activaciรณn es trivial: Ve a Settings > Pages en tu repositorio. Selecciona tu rama main (o la rama que contenga tu contenido web) como fuente. Elige la carpeta /root (o una carpeta /docs si lo prefieres) como la ubicaciรณn de tus archivos web. Haz clic en Save . Y asรญ, tu archivo index.html (y cualquier recurso vinculado) se vuelve accesible pรบblicamente en una URL como https://tu-usuario.github.io/tu-nombre-de-repositorio/ . ยกSencillo, efectivo y gratuito! ๐ Opciรณn 2: Netlify (ยกla elecciรณn final para este proyecto!) # Para este proyecto, finalmente he optado por Netlify por su flexibilidad, la facilidad para gestionar dominios personalizados y su integraciรณn con el despliegue continuo. Ademรกs, me permite alojar el proyecto directamente bajo mi dominio de Datalaria ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Pasos para desplegar en Netlify: Conectar tu Repositorio : Inicia sesiรณn en Netlify. Haz clic en “Add new site” y luego en “Import an existing project”. Conecta tu cuenta de GitHub y selecciona el repositorio de tu proyecto Weather Service. Configuraciรณn de Despliegue : Owner : Tu cuenta de GitHub. Branch to deploy : main (o la rama donde tengas tu cรณdigo frontend). Base directory : Deja esto vacรญo si tu index.html y assets estรกn en la raรญz del repositorio, o especifica una subcarpeta si es el caso (ej., /frontend ). Build command : Dรฉjalo vacรญo, ya que nuestro frontend es puramente estรกtico sin necesidad de un paso de build (sin frameworks como React/Vue). Publish directory : . (o la subcarpeta que contenga tus archivos estรกticos, ej., /frontend ). Desplegar Sitio : Haz clic en “Deploy site”. Netlify tomarรก tu repositorio, lo desplegarรก y te proporcionarรก una URL aleatoria. Dominio Personalizado (Opcional pero recomendado) : Para usar un dominio como datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Ve a Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Sigue los pasos para aรฑadir tu dominio y configurarlo con los DNS de tu proveedor (aรฑadiendo registros CNAME o A ). Para la ruta especรญfica ( /apps/weather/ ), necesitarรกs configurar una “subcarpeta” o “base URL” en tu aplicaciรณn si no estรก directamente en la raรญz del dominio. En este caso, nuestro index.html estรก diseรฑado para ser servido desde una subruta. Netlify gestiona esto de forma transparente una vez que el sitio estรก desplegado y tu dominio configurado. ยกAsรญ de sencillo! Cada git push a tu rama configurada activarรก un nuevo despliegue en Netlify, manteniendo tu dashboard siempre actualizado. La Pila Tecnolรณgica del Frontend: HTML, CSS y JavaScript (con una pequeรฑa ayuda) # Para este dashboard, optรฉ por un enfoque ligero: HTML puro para la estructura, un poco de CSS para los estilos y JavaScript “vainilla” (sin frameworks complejos) para la interactividad. Para manejar tareas especรญficas, incorporรฉ dos librerรญas fantรกsticas: PapaParse.js : El mejor parser de CSV del lado del cliente para el navegador. Es el puente entre nuestros archivos CSV en bruto y las estructuras de datos de JavaScript que necesitamos para la visualizaciรณn. Chart.js : Una potente y flexible librerรญa de grรกficos JavaScript que facilita enormemente la creaciรณn de grรกficos bonitos, responsivos e interactivos. La Lรณgica del Dashboard: Dando Vida a los Datos en index.html # Nuestro index.html actรบa como el lienzo principal, orquestando la obtenciรณn, el parseo y la representaciรณn de los datos meteorolรณgicos. 1. Carga Dinรกmica de Ciudades # En lugar de codificar una lista de ciudades, queremos que nuestro dashboard se actualice automรกticamente si aรฑadimos nuevas ciudades en el backend. Lo logramos obteniendo un simple archivo ciudades.txt (que contiene un nombre de ciudad por lรญnea) y poblando dinรกmicamente un elemento desplegable <select> utilizando la API fetch de JavaScript. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( 'citySelector' ); let myChart = null ; // Variable global para almacenar la instancia de Chart.js async function cargarListaCiudades () { try { const response = await fetch ( 'ciudades.txt' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filtramos las lรญneas vacรญas del archivo de texto const ciudades = text . split ( '\n' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); ciudades . forEach ( ciudad => { const option = document . createElement ( 'option' ); option . value = ciudad ; option . textContent = ciudad ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Cargamos la primera ciudad por defecto al inicio de la pรกgina if ( ciudades . length > 0 ) { cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudades [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( 'Error cargando la lista de ciudades:' , error ); // Opcional: Mostrar un mensaje de error amigable al usuario } } // Disparamos la carga de ciudades cuando el DOM estรฉ completamente cargado document . addEventListener ( 'DOMContentLoaded' , cargarListaCiudades ); 2. Reacciรณn a la Selecciรณn del Usuario # Cuando un usuario selecciona una ciudad del desplegable, necesitamos responder de inmediato. Un addEventListener en el elemento <select> detecta el evento change y llama a nuestra funciรณn principal para obtener y dibujar los datos de la ciudad reciรฉn seleccionada. citySelector . addEventListener ( 'change' , ( event ) => { const ciudadSeleccionada = event . target . value ; cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudadSeleccionada ); }); 3. Obtenciรณn, Parseo y Dibujado de Datos # Esta es la funciรณn central donde todo cobra vida. Es responsable de: Construir la URL para el archivo CSV especรญfico de la ciudad (ej., datos/Leรณn.csv ). Utilizar Papa.parse para descargar y procesar el contenido del CSV directamente en el navegador. PapaParse maneja la obtenciรณn y el parseo asรญncronos, lo que lo hace increรญblemente fรกcil. Extraer las etiquetas (fechas) y los datos (temperaturas) relevantes del CSV parseado para Chart.js. ยกCrucial! : Antes de dibujar un nuevo grรกfico, debemos destruir la instancia anterior de Chart.js ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). ยกOlvidar este paso lleva a grรกficos superpuestos y problemas de rendimiento! ๐ฅ Crear una nueva instancia de Chart() con los datos actualizados. Adicionalmente, llama a una funciรณn para cargar y mostrar la predicciรณn de IA para esa ciudad, integrรกndola sin problemas en el dashboard. function cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudad ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ ciudad } .csv` ; // Nota la carpeta 'datos/' de la Parte 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( 'weatherChart' ). getContext ( '2d' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Indica a PapaParse que descargue el archivo header : true , // Trata la primera fila como encabezados skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const datosClimaticos = results . data ; // Extraer etiquetas (fechas) y datos (temperaturas) const etiquetas = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => fila . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extraer solo la fecha const tempMax = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_max_c )); const tempMin = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_min_c )); // Destruir la instancia de grรกfico anterior si existe para evitar superposiciones if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Crear una nueva instancia de Chart.js myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : 'line' , data : { labels : etiquetas , datasets : [{ label : `Temp Mรกx (ยฐC) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMax , borderColor : 'rgb(255, 99, 132)' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Temp Mรญn (ยฐC) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMin , borderColor : 'rgb(54, 162, 235)' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Opciones del grรกfico para responsividad, tรญtulo, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : 'top' }, title : { display : true , text : `Datos Histรณricos del Clima para ${ ciudad } ` } } } }); // Cargar y mostrar la predicciรณn de IA cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( "Error al parsear el CSV:" , err , file ); // Opcional: mostrar un mensaje de error amigable en el dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Limpiar grรกfico si falla la carga } }); } 4. Mostrar Predicciones de IA # La integraciรณn de las predicciones de IA (en las que profundizaremos en la Parte 3) tambiรฉn se gestiona desde el frontend. El backend genera un archivo predicciones.json , y nuestro JavaScript simplemente obtiene este JSON, encuentra la predicciรณn para la ciudad seleccionada y la muestra. async function cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( 'prediction' ); try { const response = await fetch ( 'predicciones.json' ); const predicciones = await response . json (); if ( predicciones && predicciones [ ciudad ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Predicciรณn de Temp. Mรกx. para maรฑana: ${ predicciones [ ciudad ]. toFixed ( 1 ) } ยฐC` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = 'Predicciรณn no disponible.' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( 'Error cargando predicciones:' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = 'Error al cargar la predicciรณn.' ; } } Conclusiรณn (Parte 2) # ยกHemos transformado los datos en bruto en una experiencia atractiva e interactiva! Al combinar el alojamiento estรกtico de GitHub Pages o Netlify, JavaScript “vainilla” para la lรณgica, PapaParse.js para el manejo de CSV y Chart.js para visualizaciones hermosas, hemos construido un frontend potente que es a la vez gratuito y muy efectivo. El dashboard ahora proporciona informaciรณn inmediata sobre los patrones climรกticos histรณricos de cualquier ciudad seleccionada. Pero, ยฟquรฉ pasa con el futuro? En la tercera y รบltima parte de esta serie , nos adentraremos en el emocionante mundo del Machine Learning para aรฑadir una capa predictiva a nuestro servicio. Exploraremos cรณmo usar datos histรณricos para pronosticar el tiempo de maรฑana, convirtiendo nuestro servicio en un verdadero “orรกculo” meteorolรณgico. ยกNo te lo pierdas! Referencias y Enlaces de Interรฉs: # Servicio Web Completo : Puedes ver el resultado final de este proyecto en acciรณn aquรญ: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Repositorio GitHub del Proyecto : Explora el cรณdigo fuente y la estructura del proyecto en mi repositorio: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Parser de CSV rรกpido en el navegador para JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Grรกficos JavaScript simples pero flexibles para diseรฑadores y desarrolladores: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Documentaciรณn oficial sobre cรณmo alojar tus sitios: https://docs.github.com/es/pages Netlify : Pรกgina oficial de Netlify: https://www.netlify.com/ Javascript Frontend Github Pages Html Css Papaparse Chartjs Serverless Visualizacion-Datos Netlify © 2026 Datalaria ยท Powered by Hugo & PaperMod | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/datalaria/weather-service-project-part-1-building-the-data-collector-with-python-and-github-actions-or-2ibd#the-first-step-talking-to-the-openweathermap-api | Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at datalaria.com Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # python # automation # tutorial As I mentioned in a previous post, one of my goals with Datalaria is to get my hands dirty with projects that allow me to learn and connect different technologies in the data world. Today, we begin a series dedicated to one of those projects: the creation of a complete global weather service , from data collection to visualization and prediction, all serverless and using free tools. In this first installment, we will focus on the heart of the system: the backend data collector . We'll see how to build a "robot" that works for us 24/7, connecting to an external API, saving structured information, and doing all this automatically and for free. Let's dive in! The First Step: Talking to the OpenWeatherMap API Every weather service needs a data source. I chose OpenWeatherMap for its popularity and generous free plan. The initial process is straightforward: Register : Create an account on their website. Get the API Key : Generate a unique key that will identify us in each call. It's like our "key" to access their data. Store the Key : Never directly in the code! We'll discuss this further below. With the key in hand (or almost!), I wrote a first test_clima.py script to test the connection using Python's fantastic requests library: import requests API_KEY = " YOUR_API_KEY_HERE " # Temporarily! We'll use Secrets later CITY = " Madrid " URL = f " [https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=](https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=) { CITY } &appid= { API_KEY } &units=metric&lang=es " try : response = requests . get ( URL ) response . raise_for_status () # Raises an exception for HTTP errors (4xx or 5xx) data = response . json () print ( f " Temperature in { CITY } : { data [ ' main ' ][ ' temp ' ] } ยฐC " ) except requests . exceptions . RequestException as e : print ( f " Error connecting to the API: { e } " ) except KeyError as e : print ( f " Unexpected API response, key missing: { e } " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode First Obstacle Overcome (with Patience): When I first ran it, I got a 401 Unauthorized error! ๐ฑ It turns out that OpenWeatherMap API Keys can take a few hours to activate after being generated. The lesson: sometimes, the solution is simply to wait. โณ The "Database": Why CSV and Not SQL? With data flowing, I needed to store it. I could have set up an SQL database (PostgreSQL, MySQL...), but that would involve complexity, a server (cost), and for this project, it was overkill. I opted for radical simplicity: CSV (Comma Separated Values) files . Advantages : Easy to read and write with Python, perfectly versionable with Git (we can track changes), and sufficient for the initial data volume we'd be handling. Key Logic : I needed to append a new row to each city's file daily, but only write the header ( date_time , city , temperature_c , etc.) the first time. Python's native csv library and os.path.exists make this trivial: import csv import os from datetime import datetime # ... (code to fetch API data for a city) ... now = datetime . now (). strftime ( ' %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ' ) data_row = [ now , city , temperature , ...] # List with the data header = [ ' date_time ' , ' city ' , ' temperature_c ' , ...] # List with column names file_name = f " data/ { city } .csv " # We'll create a 'data' folder # Ensure the 'data' folder exists os . makedirs ( os . path . dirname ( file_name ), exist_ok = True ) is_new_file = not os . path . exists ( file_name ) try : with open ( file_name , mode = ' a ' , newline = '' , encoding = ' utf-8 ' ) as f : writer = csv . writer ( f ) if is_new_file : writer . writerow ( header ) # Write header ONLY if new file writer . writerow ( data_row ) # Append the new data row print ( f " Data saved for { city } " ) except IOError as e : print ( f " Error writing to { file_name } : { e } " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Automation Robot: GitHub Actions to the Rescue ๐ค Here comes the magic: how to make this script run daily without having a server constantly on? The answer is GitHub Actions , the automation engine integrated into GitHub. It's like having a small robot working for us for free. Security First: Never Upload Your API Key! The biggest mistake would be to upload registrar_clima.py with the API_KEY written directly in the code. Anyone could see it on GitHub. Solution : Use GitHub's Repository Secrets . Go to Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions in your GitHub repository. Create a new secret named OPENWEATHER_API_KEY and paste your key there. In your Python script, read the key securely using os.environ.get("OPENWEATHER_API_KEY") . The Robot's Brain: The .github/workflows/update-weather.yml File This YAML file tells GitHub Actions what to do and when: name : Daily Weather Data Update on : workflow_dispatch : # Allows manual triggering from GitHub push : branches : [ main ] # Triggers if changes are pushed to the main branch schedule : - cron : ' 0 6 * * *' # The key: triggers daily at 06:00 UTC jobs : update_data : runs-on : ubuntu-latest # Use a free Linux virtual machine steps : - name : Checkout repository code uses : actions/checkout@v4 # Downloads our code - name : Set up Python uses : actions/setup-python@v5 with : python-version : ' 3.10' # Or your preferred version - name : Install necessary dependencies run : pip install -r requirements.txt # Reads requirements.txt and installs requests, etc. - name : Execute data collection script run : python registrar_clima.py # Our main script! env : OPENWEATHER_API_KEY : ${{ secrets.OPENWEATHER_API_KEY }} # Securely injects the secret - name : Save new data to repository (Commit & Push) run : | git config user.name 'github-actions[bot]' # Identifies the 'bot' git config user.email 'github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com' git add data/*.csv # Adds ONLY the modified CSV files in the 'data' folder # Check if there are changes before committing to avoid empty commits git diff --staged --quiet || git commit -m "Automated weather data update ๐ค" git push # Pushes changes to the repository env : GITHUB_TOKEN : ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # Automatic token to allow the push Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This last step is crucial! The Action itself acts as a user, performing git add , git commit , and git push of the CSV files that the Python script has just modified. This way, the updated data is saved in our repository every day. The Serverless Alternative: Deployment and Automation with Netlify ๐ While GitHub Actions is a fantastic automation tool, for this project I decided to explore an alternative even more integrated with the "serverless" concept: Netlify . Netlify not only allows us to deploy our static frontend (like GitHub Pages) but also offers serverless functions and, crucially for our backend, scheduled functions (or Cron Jobs) . Deploying the Static Frontend with Netlify Connect Your Repository : The process is incredibly simple. Log in to Netlify, click "Add new site," and select "Import an existing project." Connect with your GitHub account and choose your Weather Service project repository. Basic Configuration : Netlify will automatically detect your project. Ensure that the "Build command" is empty (as it's a static site with no build process) and that the "Publish directory" is the root of your repository ( ./ ). Continuous Deployment : Netlify will automatically configure continuous deployment. Every time you git push to your main branch (or whichever branch you've configured), Netlify will rebuild and deploy your site. Automating the Backend with Netlify Functions (and Cron Jobs) This is where Netlify Serverless Functions shine for our data collector. Instead of a GitHub Actions workflow, we can use a Netlify function to run our Python script on a schedule: Project Structure : Create a netlify/functions/ folder at the root of your project. Inside, you can have a Python file like collect_weather.py . Dependency Management : You'll need a requirements.txt file at the root of your project for Netlify to install Python dependencies ( requests , pandas , scikit-learn ). netlify.toml Configuration : This file at your project's root is crucial for defining your functions and their schedules: [build] publish = "." # Directory where your index.html is located command = "" # No build command needed for a static site [functions] directory = "netlify/functions" # Where your functions are located node_bundler = "esbuild" # For JS/TS functions. Netlify will detect Python. [[edge_functions]] # For scheduling a function (requires Netlify Edge Functions) function = "collect_weather" # The name of your function (without the .py extension) path = "/.netlify/functions/collect_weather" # The function path (can be different) schedule = "@daily" # Or use a cron string like "0 6 * * *" The Python Function ( netlify/functions/collect_weather.py ) : This function will encapsulate the logic of your registrar_clima.py . Netlify will execute it in a Python environment. # netlify/functions/collect_weather.py import json import requests import os import time from datetime import datetime import csv # ... (all your registrar_clima.py script code goes here) ... # Ensure API_KEYs are read from os.environ # and that data is written directly to the repository using GitPython # or in a way that Netlify can persist changes. # **Important**: Netlify Functions are ephemeral. # To persist changes in the repo, you would need Git integration # similar to what GitHub Actions would do (using a Personal Access Token). # However, for a static frontend, the simplest approach is for this function # to only generate a predictions JSON and upload it to storage like S3, # or for the Python collection script to continue running on GitHub Actions # and Netlify only serve the frontend. # If the idea is for Netlify to ALSO commit, this is more complex # and would require a Git API or a PAT token from Netlify. def handler ( event , context ): # The main call to your data collection logic would go here # This is a simplified example try : # Your logic to fetch and save data, generate CSVs/JSONs # If you want this to commit to GitHub, you would need: # 1. A GitHub PAT token stored as an environment variable in Netlify. # 2. A library like GitPython to interact with Git. # It is more common for serverless functions to persist data in databases # or object storage services (e.g., S3), not in the Git repo itself. # For this project, the GitHub Actions approach for the backend # that directly commits to the repo is still simpler # for CSV storage. Netlify would be ideal for the frontend # and functions for real-time APIs or lightweight predictions. print ( " Netlify function for weather collection executed. " ) # If the function generates any JSON output for the frontend, it would return it here: # return { # "statusCode": 200, # "body": json.dumps({"message": "Data collection complete"}), # } return { " statusCode " : 200 , " body " : json . dumps ({ " message " : " Backend logic would run here. For data persistence in GitHub, GitHub Actions is more direct. " }), } except Exception as e : return { " statusCode " : 500 , " body " : json . dumps ({ " error " : str ( e )}), } Environment Variables in Netlify : For the OPENWEATHER_API_KEY , go to Site settings > Build & deploy > Environment variables and add your key there. Important Consideration : For the Netlify function to persist changes directly to your GitHub repository (like committing the CSVs), you would need a more advanced setup (such as using a GitHub Personal Access Token within the Netlify function to perform git push ), which is more complex. To maintain simplicity and direct storage in the Git repository with automatic CSV commits, the GitHub Actions solution remains the most straightforward and efficient for the data collector backend in this specific case . Netlify excels at frontend deployment and for functions that interact with external services or databases without committing to the main application's Git repository. In this project, we use GitHub Actions for the backend (collecting and committing CSVs) and Netlify for frontend deployment and potentially for lighter, real-time functions that don't need to modify the Git repo. This last step is crucial! The Action itself acts as a user, performing git add , git commit , and git push of the CSV files that the Python script has just modified. This way, the updated data is saved in our repository every day. The Scaling Problem (and the Necessary Architectural Pivot) My initial idea was to monitor about 1000 cities and store everything in a single weather_data.csv file. I did a quick calculation: 1000 cities * ~200 bytes/day * 365 days * 3 years... over 200 MB! ๐ฑ Why is this a problem? Because the frontend (our dashboard, which we'll see in the next post) runs in the user's browser. It would have to download that entire 200 MB just to display the graph for one city. Totally unacceptable in terms of performance. ๐ข The Architectural Solution: Switch to a "one file per entity" strategy. We create a data/ folder. The registrar_clima.py script now generates (or appends data to) one CSV file per city: data/Madrid.csv , data/Leon.csv , data/Tokyo.csv , etc. This way, when the user wants to see the weather for Leon, the frontend will only download the data/Leon.csv file, which will be just a few kilobytes. Instant loading! โจ Second Scaling Obstacle (API Limits): OpenWeatherMap, in its free plan, allows about 60 calls per minute. My loop to get data for 155 cities (my current list) would make these calls too quickly. Vital Solution: Add import time at the beginning of the Python script and time.sleep(1.1) at the end of the for city in cities: loop. This introduces a pause of slightly more than 1 second between each API call, ensuring we stay below the limit and avoid being blocked. ๐ฆ Conclusion (Part 1) We've got the foundation! We've built a robust and automated system that: Connects to an external API securely. Processes and stores historical data for multiple entities (cities). Runs daily, at no cost, thanks to GitHub Actions. Is designed to scale efficiently. In the next post, we'll put on our frontend developer hats and build the interactive dashboard that will allow any user to explore this data with dynamic graphs. Don't miss it! References and Links of Interest: Complete Web Service : See the live project in action here: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Project GitHub Repository : Explore the source code and project structure: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather OpenWeatherMap : Weather API documentation: https://openweathermap.org/api Python Requests : Documentation for the HTTP requests library: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/ GitHub Actions : Official GitHub Actions guide: https://docs.github.com/en/actions Netlify : Official Netlify website: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Data Visualization - Basics # beginners # datascience # tutorial Visualizaciones bรกsicas # tutorial # datascience # beginners # spanish ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/joe-re/i-built-a-desktop-app-to-supercharge-my-tmux-claude-code-workflow-521m#what-i-built | I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse joe-re Posted on Jan 12 I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow # claudecode # tauri # productivity # tmux Background Until recently, I was primarily using Cursor for AI-assisted coding. The editor-centric AI integration worked really well with my development styleโit made the feedback loop smooth when AI-generated code didn't match my intentions, whether I needed to manually fix it or provide additional instructions. But everything changed when Opus 4.5 was released in late November last year. Opus 4.5 delivers outputs that match my expectations far better than any previous model. Claude Code's CUI-first design also feels natural to my workflow. Now, Claude Code has become the center of my development process. I've locked in Opus 4.5 as my daily driver. I typically run multiple Claude Code sessions simultaneouslyโacross different projects or multiple branches using git worktree. Managing notifications and checking outputs across these sessions is critical. I was using OS notifications to check in whenever changes happened, but I kept missing them. I wanted something better. So I built an app to streamline my workflow. What I Built eyes-on-claude-code It's a cross-platform desktop application built with Tauri . I've only tested it on macOS (my daily environment), but the codebase is designed to support Linux as well. My Environment & Workflow This app is primarily designed to optimize my own workflow, so the features reflect my environment and habits. I develop using Ghostty + tmux . My typical workflow looks like this: Draft ideas and design in Markdown Give instructions to Claude Code (using Plan mode for larger tasks) Review the diff of generated code, then provide additional instructions or continue Features Multi-Session Monitoring Dashboard The dashboard monitors Claude Code sessions by receiving events through hooks configured in the global settings.json . Since I keep this running during development, I designed it with a minimal, non-intrusive UI. Always-on-top mode (optional) ensures the window doesn't get buried under other appsโso you never miss a notification. Transparency settings let you configure opacity separately for active and inactive states. When inactive, you can make it nearly invisible so it doesn't get in the way. It's there in the top-right corner, barely visible. Status Display & Sound Notifications Sessions are displayed with one of four states: State Meaning Display Active Claude is working ๐ข WaitingPermission Waiting for permission approval ๐ WaitingInput Waiting for user input (idle) โณ Completed Response complete โ
Sound effects play on state changes (can be toggled off): Waiting (Permission/Input) : Alert tone (two low beeps) Completed : Completion chime (ascending two-note sound) I'm planning to add volume control and custom commands in the futureโlike using say to speak or playing music on completion ๐ต Git-Based Diff Viewer I usually review AI-generated changes using difit . I wanted to integrate that same flow into this app, so you can launch difit directly on changed files. Huge thanks to the difit team for building such a great tool! tmux Integration When developing, I use tmux panes and tabs to manage multiple windows. My typical setup is Claude Code on the left half, and server/commands on the right. When working across multiple projects or branches via git worktree, it's frustrating to hunt for which tmux tab has Claude Code running. So I added a tmux mirror view that lets you quickly check results and give simple instructions without switching tabs. How It Works The app uses Claude Code hooks to determine session status based on which hooks fire. Event Flow I didn't want to introduce complexity with an intermediate server for inter-process communication. So I went with a simple approach: hooks write to log files, and the app watches those files. Hooks write logs to a temporary directory ( .local/eocc/logs ), which the app monitors. Since Claude Code runs in a terminal, hooks can access terminal environment paths. This lets me grab tmux and npx paths from within hooks and pass them to the app. Mapping Hooks to Status Claude Code provides these hook events: https://code.claude.com/docs/hooks-guide Here's how I map them to session states: Event Usage Session State session_start (startup/resume) Start a session Active session_end End a session Remove session notification (permission_prompt) Waiting for approval WaitingPermission notification (idle_prompt) Waiting for input WaitingInput stop Response completed Completed post_tool_use After tool execution Active user_prompt_submit Prompt submitted Active Conclusion I've only been using Claude Code as my primary tool for about two months, and I expect my workflow will keep evolving. Thanks to AI, I can quickly build and adapt tools like thisโwhich is exactly what makes this era so exciting. If your workflow is similar to mine, give it a try! I'd love to hear your feedback. GitHub : https://github.com/joe-re/eyes-on-claude-code Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse joe-re Follow Software Engineer in Japan Work PeopleX Inc. Joined Jan 2, 2018 Trending on DEV Community Hot AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss I Didnโt โBecomeโ a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships ๐ # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://core.forem.com/new/cicd | New Post - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Join the Forem Core Forem Core is a community of 3,676,891 amazing contributors Continue with Apple Continue with Google Continue with Facebook Continue with Forem Continue with GitHub Continue with Twitter (X) OR Email Password Remember me Forgot password? By signing in, you are agreeing to our privacy policy , terms of use and code of conduct . New to Forem Core? Create account . ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core โ Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/codemouse92/updated-opensource-tag-guidelines-55m5#what-should-it-be | Updated #opensource Tag Guidelines - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Jason C. McDonald Posted on Jul 17, 2019 • Edited on Apr 8, 2020 Updated #opensource Tag Guidelines # opensource # meta Updated 8 April 2020 The #opensource tag is awesome, but it's also been lacking a lot of focus. Is it for promoting projects? Talking about open source? Posting lists of the top 20 open source Javascript modules? It's hard to tell. In a way, because the lion's share of our technologies, libraries, tools, and projects are open source, nearly everything qualified for this tag before. It was becoming our site's junk drawer as it were - lots of nifty and useful stuff, but no semblance of organization to any of it. Since DEV.to rolled out Listings , I'm taking the opportunity to narrow the tag focus a bit. The goal is to give the #opensource tag clear topic boundaries, so Following it doesn't lead to a bunch of irrelevant posts leaking into your feed. New Guidelines I've updated the tag guidelines, but I wanted to lay out the changes here. Posts promoting a single project should go on Listings , or on #showdev or #news if it qualifies. Posts using or mentioning one or more open source projects should go on the appropriate tags for the relevant languages and technologies. This includes tutorials, "round ups", guides, comparisons, reviews, and the like. These typically land in #opensource, and are the main reason for the tag clutter. Announcements relating to your awesome project, including new features, releases, versions, and the like, should go on #news or Listings , or should be expanded out into a proper article (tutorial, maybe?) and posted on the appropriate technology tags. Open source contributor requests should go on #contributorswanted or Listings . If you're just bursting with pride at something you built, use the #showdev tag instead. "Roundups" and other lists of cool open source projects belong on #githunt . What Changed? All this mainly means the #opensource tag is no longer valid merely if the project(s) being discusses happen to be open source! To put that another way, here's a few theoretical topics which would have been #opensource material before, but aren't now. "Top 10 Open Source Python Data Modules" ( #python ) "My Awesome Data Visualizer in Go" ( #go , #showdev ) "Looking for contributors to Supercoolproject" (Listings or #contributorswanted ) "What I did on my Perl project this week" ( #perl , #devjournal , possibly #showdev ) "Installing Epictool on Ubuntu" ( #ubuntu ) "5 Open Source Alternatives to AWS" ( #cloud ) What SHOULD It Be? Articles in this tag should be about at least one of these three broad topics: Organizing, managing, running, contributing to, or working in an Open Source project. Open Source philosophy, licensing, and/or practical and legal topics thereof. Advocacy and adoption of Open Source philosophy . Aliases #foss and #freesoftware have been aliased over to #opensource (thanks @michaeltharrington !) and the tag info updated to account for that. I know that Free Software is culturally distinct from Open Source, but as the former is always compliant to a subset of the latter, having one tag for all just makes sense. Guideline Enforcement I won't be applying this to any posts before July 17th 2019 (retroactive guidelines just aren't fair). If the #opensource tag is used incorrectly in new posts, I'll remove it and provide a friendly reminder, along with suggestions on better tags to use. I know it'll take a while to get used to the updated rules, so don't worry if you miss it a few dozen times. Top comments (8) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Follow A Canadian software developer who thinks heโs funny. Email ben@forem.com Location NY Education Mount Allison University Pronouns He/him Work Co-founder at Forem Joined Dec 27, 2015 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Well thought out Jason. I'll be following along. We'll have some more easily accessible tag guidelines adjacent to the editor coming soon so folks can understand the instructions without being caught off guard by doing it wrong. As more folks define their guidelines, my biggest worry is what a lot of forums become when mods are overbearing. So I'm glad this is well thought out and well described. @michaeltharrington let's Jason well with this and we'll coordinate on functionality that needs to ship. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Agreed! This is very well thought out. I think this tag will definitely benefit from more focus. Jason, feel free to hit me up if you need a hand with anything. I'm happy to help! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Email codemouse92@outlook.com Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, Michael and Ben! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand William Antonelli William Antonelli William Antonelli Follow Joined Mar 7, 2019 • Jul 18 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a list of what not to use the tag for. Can you give some examples of what we would use it for? I think that would be easier to understand. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Email codemouse92@outlook.com Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 • Jul 18 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem. From the tag info: To keep this tag clean and meaningful, please ensure your post fits into at least one of the following categories: * Organizing, managing, running, or working in an Open Source project. * Open Source philosophy, licensing, and/or practical and legal topics thereof. * Advocacy and adoption of Open Source technology. I'll add that to the post. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Frederik ๐จโ๐ปโก๏ธ๐ Creemers Frederik ๐จโ๐ปโก๏ธ๐ Creemers Frederik ๐จโ๐ปโก๏ธ๐ Creemers Follow I'm never sure what to put in a bio. If there's anything you want to know, don't be afraid to ask! Email frederikcreemers@gmail.com Location Maastricht, the Netherlands Education Knowledge Engineering & Data Science at Maastricht University Pronouns he/him Work Developer at TalkJS Joined Mar 22, 2017 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I think the #githunt tag is also relevant here. Looking at some of its recent posts, it could also use some enforcement of its guidelines. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Email codemouse92@outlook.com Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 • Aug 3 '19 • Edited on Aug 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Y'know, they're always looking for more tag moderators, and I agree that #githunt needs some love. Maybe that'd be something you'd be good at? (Contact yo@dev.to if you're interested.) Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Some comments have been hidden by the post's author - find out more Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 More from Jason C. McDonald 5 Ways to Retain Open Source Contributors # opensource # culture # projectmanagement Social Lifespan of Posts # meta # discuss Introducing #devjournal # devjournal # meta ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/palcisto | Patrick Alcisto - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Patrick Alcisto Author of CSS, hacker of JS, rider of Mountain Bikes (downhill type preferably), "father" of two dogs Location Charlotte, NC Joined Joined onย May 2, 2019 github website Work Software Engineer More info about @palcisto Badges Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Skills/Languages CSS, HTML, JavaScript Currently learning Next.js, GraphQL/Apollo Post 0 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 6 tags followed Want to connect with Patrick Alcisto? Create an account to connect with Patrick Alcisto. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/ar_abid_641aa302d5c68b2ae/how-to-build-seo-friendly-ecommerce-product-pages-1h0e | How to Build SEO-Friendly Ecommerce Product Pages - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse ar abid Posted on Jan 12 How to Build SEO-Friendly Ecommerce Product Pages # frontend # webdev # performance # tutorial Structured Data, Performance & Indexing (Developer Guide) Ecommerce product pages are some of the hardest pages to rank in search engines. Theyโre dynamic, often slow, full of duplicate content, and usually built without SEO in mind. Most SEO guides talk about keywords and content, but very few explain how developers should structure product pages at the code level. This article focuses on the technical side of SEO for ecommerce product pages, the part developers control. Why Product Page SEO Is a Technical Problem From a developerโs perspective, product pages suffer from: Client-side rendering delays Poor Core Web Vitals Missing or broken structured data Indexing issues caused by filters and variants Duplicate URLs from sorting and parameters Search engines donโt โseeโ pages the way users do โ they parse HTML, metadata, and structured signals. Letโs fix that. * 1. Use Server-Side Rendering (or Pre-Rendering) * Search engines can render JavaScript, but itโs slow and unreliable for ecommerce scale. Best options: _- Next.js / Nuxt SSR Static Generation (SSG) for product pages Hybrid rendering (ISR)_ Why SSR matters: Faster first contentful paint Reliable indexing Cleaner HTML for crawlers Example (Next.js): export async function getServerSideProps({ params }) { const product = await fetchProduct(params.slug); return { props: { product } }; } 2. Implement Product Structured Data (JSON-LD) This is one of the most underused SEO wins in ecommerce. Structured data helps Google understand: Product name Price Availability Reviews Brand Example: Product Schema (JSON-LD) <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "Product", "name": "Organic Hair Oil", "image": "https://example.com/product.jpg", "description": "Cold-pressed organic hair oil for dry hair", "brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": "Shopperdot" }, "offers": { "@type": "Offer", "priceCurrency": "USD", "price": "19.99", "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock" } } </script> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Developer tips: Inject schema server-side Validate using Google Rich Results Test Update price & availability dynamically 3. Optimize Core Web Vitals (Especially LCP) For ecommerce, Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) is usually: Product image Hero banner Fixes that actually work: Serve images via CDN Use modern formats (WebP / AVIF) Explicit image dimensions Lazy-load non-critical assets Example: <img src="/product.webp" width="600" height="600" loading="eager" fetchpriority="high" /> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Control Duplicate URLs from Variants & Filters This is a silent SEO killer. Common issues: /product?color=red /product?size=xl /product?sort=price Solutions: Canonical URLs Parameter handling Static URLs for important variants only Example: <link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/product/original-name" /> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 5. Generate Clean, Descriptive Meta Tags Dynamically Avoid: Default titles Keyword stuffing Repeating category names Better pattern: <title>{product.name} โ Buy Online at Best Price</title> <meta name="description" content={`Buy ${product.name}. Fast shipping, secure checkout, and quality guarantee.`} /> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 6. Indexing Strategy for Large Ecommerce Sites If you have hundreds or thousands of products: Do this: Submit product-only sitemaps Remove noindex from important pages Block internal search pages via robots.txt Sitemap structure: <url> <loc>https://example.com/product/organic-hair-oil</loc> <lastmod>2026-01-01</lastmod> </url> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 7. Real-World Ecommerce Implementation On real ecommerce platforms like Shopperdot , combining: SSR rendering Product JSON-LD Optimized images Clean canonical URLs resulted in: Faster indexing Rich results eligibility Improved crawl efficiency This approach works regardless of tech stack , React, Vue, or plain server-rendered apps. Final Thoughts SEO for ecommerce product pages isnโt about hacks โ itโs about clean architecture and clear signals. If youโre a developer working on ecommerce: Think like a crawler Serve meaningful HTML Optimize performance first Let structured data do the heavy lifting Search engines reward clarity. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse ar abid Follow Joined Dec 4, 2025 More from ar abid Why Fast Page Loads Donโt Always Mean Fast User Experience # performance # webdev # javascript # serverless [Boost] # performance # webdev # javascript # ecommerce Why Your E-Commerce Site Feels Slow Even When Lighthouse Is Green # performance # webdev # javascript # ecommerce ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/dev_loops | Dev Loops - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Dev Loops Hi, Iโm Dev Loops! Your friendly neighborhood dev whoโs been in โone more sprintโ since the last decade. Writing about ๐ loops, logic ๐ง , and the lies ๐คซ we tell ourselves in code reviews. Joined Joined onย Aug 19, 2025 More info about @dev_loops Post 55 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed The Microsoft System Design Interview Resources That Actually Helped Me Land the Job Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 12 The Microsoft System Design Interview Resources That Actually Helped Me Land the Job # career # systemdesign # productivity # developers Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Hereโs How You Nail the Netflix System Design Interview With The Right Resources Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 8 Hereโs How You Nail the Netflix System Design Interview With The Right Resources # netflix # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read 7 Google System Design Interview Resources That Transformed My Prep (And Can Help You Too) Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 8 7 Google System Design Interview Resources That Transformed My Prep (And Can Help You Too) # google # career # productivity # systemdesign Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 6 Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) # resources # career # systemdesign # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read 7 Must-Have Amazon System Design Interview Resources to Nail Your Prep Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 6 7 Must-Have Amazon System Design Interview Resources to Nail Your Prep # aws # career # resources # systemdesign Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Facebook System Design Interview Resources That Helped Me Land the Role Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 31 '25 Facebook System Design Interview Resources That Helped Me Land the Role # systemdesign # resources # productivity # career Comments Addย Comment 4 min read 7 Lessons I Learned from Taking Walmart System Design Interview Courses Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 30 '25 7 Lessons I Learned from Taking Walmart System Design Interview Courses # walmart # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read How I Aced the Yahoo System Design Interview: Best Courses and 7 Key Lessons Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 29 '25 How I Aced the Yahoo System Design Interview: Best Courses and 7 Key Lessons # yahoo # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read 7 Lessons I Learned from Studying Twitter System Design Interview Courses Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 24 '25 7 Lessons I Learned from Studying Twitter System Design Interview Courses # twitter # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read From Failure to FAANG: My Guide to Slack System Design Interview Courses and Tactics Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 22 '25 From Failure to FAANG: My Guide to Slack System Design Interview Courses and Tactics # slack # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read 7 Lessons I Learned from Using Zoom for System Design Interviews Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 19 '25 7 Lessons I Learned from Using Zoom for System Design Interviews # zoom # career # systemdesign # beginners Comments Addย Comment 5 min read DoorDash System Design Interview Courses You Didn't Think You'd Need Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 18 '25 DoorDash System Design Interview Courses You Didn't Think You'd Need # doordash # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read 5 lessons I learned designing a WordPress System Design interview course for a high-traffic prep platform Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 17 '25 5 lessons I learned designing a WordPress System Design interview course for a high-traffic prep platform # wordpress # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read System Design in a Hurry: How to Recover When You Realize Your Design Is Wrong Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 17 '25 System Design in a Hurry: How to Recover When You Realize Your Design Is Wrong # systemdesign # career # beginners # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read How HubSpot system design interview courses reshaped the way I build and think about systems Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 12 '25 How HubSpot system design interview courses reshaped the way I build and think about systems # hubspot # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read The surprising lessons I learned through SpaceX system design interview courses Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 10 '25 The surprising lessons I learned through SpaceX system design interview courses # spacex # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read How Hive system design interview courses helped me go from confused to confident Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 10 '25 How Hive system design interview courses helped me go from confused to confident # hive # systemdesign # career # productivity 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Tesla System Design Interview Lessons I Learned from Cracking Their Coding Challenge Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 9 '25 Tesla System Design Interview Lessons I Learned from Cracking Their Coding Challenge # tesla # career # systemdesign # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Why Linux system design interview courses demand a different kind of engineering thinking Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 5 '25 Why Linux system design interview courses demand a different kind of engineering thinking # linux # systemdesign # interview # career 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 5 min read What PayPal system design interviews revealed about my blind spots as an engineer Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 4 '25 What PayPal system design interviews revealed about my blind spots as an engineer # systemdesign # interview # career Comments Addย Comment 4 min read How LinkedIn system design interview courses helped me overcome interview anxiety Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 3 '25 How LinkedIn system design interview courses helped me overcome interview anxiety # systemdesign # interview # productivity # community Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Why diving into Oracle system design interview courses became a turning point in my career Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Dec 2 '25 Why diving into Oracle system design interview courses became a turning point in my career # oracle # systemdesign # interview # career Comments Addย Comment 4 min read What no one tells you before taking Deloitte system design interview courses Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 28 '25 What no one tells you before taking Deloitte system design interview courses # deloitte # systemdesign # interview # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read What Salesforce system design interviews revealed about my engineering gaps Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 27 '25 What Salesforce system design interviews revealed about my engineering gaps # salesforce # systemdesign # interview # career Comments Addย Comment 5 min read How PySpark system design interview courses helped me overcome imposter syndrome Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 26 '25 How PySpark system design interview courses helped me overcome imposter syndrome # pyspark # systemdesign # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Why OpenAI system design course was the turning point in my interview journey Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 26 '25 Why OpenAI system design course was the turning point in my interview journey # systemdesign # openai # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read The hard lessons Spotify system design interviews forced me to learn Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 24 '25 The hard lessons Spotify system design interviews forced me to learn # systemdesign # interview # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Why Uber system design interview nearly broke me and how I pushed through Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 21 '25 Why Uber system design interview nearly broke me and how I pushed through # systemdesign # uber # interview # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Major lessons every developer should learn before a Microsoft system design interview Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 20 '25 Major lessons every developer should learn before a Microsoft system design interview Comments Addย Comment 4 min read 7 lessons I learned from exploring Google System Design interview courses Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 19 '25 7 lessons I learned from exploring Google System Design interview courses # google # systemdesign # interview # productivity 5 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 4 min read How I turned my Netflix system design interview failures into frameworks that work Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 18 '25 How I turned my Netflix system design interview failures into frameworks that work # netflix # systemdesign # interview # career Comments Addย Comment 4 min read The Apple system design interview courses that taught me more than any textbook Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 17 '25 The Apple system design interview courses that taught me more than any textbook # apple # systemdesign # community # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read My journey through Amazon system design interview courses and the lessons that stuck Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 14 '25 My journey through Amazon system design interview courses and the lessons that stuck # aws # systemdesign # community # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read What I learned from Facebook system design interview courses after failing multiple times Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 13 '25 What I learned from Facebook system design interview courses after failing multiple times # facebook # systemdesign # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read What I learned while designing the Walmart system design interview platform under pressure Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 12 '25 What I learned while designing the Walmart system design interview platform under pressure # walmart # systemdesign # webdev # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Designing the Yahoo System Design Interview Platform Under Pressure Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 11 '25 Designing the Yahoo System Design Interview Platform Under Pressure # yahoo # webdev # systemdesign # sideprojects Comments Addย Comment 4 min read The Twitter System Design Interview Platform That Changed How I Think About Distributed Systems Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 10 '25 The Twitter System Design Interview Platform That Changed How I Think About Distributed Systems # twitter # webdev # systemdesign # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Here's How I Designed Slack System Design Interview Platform In The Nick of Time Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 7 '25 Here's How I Designed Slack System Design Interview Platform In The Nick of Time # slack # webdev # systemdesign # productivity 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Designing My First Zoom System Design Interview Platform from the Trenches Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 6 '25 Designing My First Zoom System Design Interview Platform from the Trenches # zoom # systemdesign # sideprojects # productivity Comments Addย Comment 5 min read 7 Lessons I Learned Designing a Dropbox-Like System in a System Design Interview Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 5 '25 7 Lessons I Learned Designing a Dropbox-Like System in a System Design Interview # systemdesign # webdev # career # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read How I Cracked Designing the DoorDash System Design Interview Platform Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 4 '25 How I Cracked Designing the DoorDash System Design Interview Platform # doordash # systemdesign # career # project Comments Addย Comment 5 min read The Unexpected Engineering Lessons from Building a WordPress System Design Interview Platform Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Nov 3 '25 The Unexpected Engineering Lessons from Building a WordPress System Design Interview Platform # wordpress # webdev # systemdesign # productivity 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 4 min read What Designing a HubSpot-Like System Taught Me About Real-World Architecture Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 31 '25 What Designing a HubSpot-Like System Taught Me About Real-World Architecture # hubspot # systemdesign # webdev # productivity 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 4 min read What Building a SpaceX-Inspired System Design Platform Taught Me About Scale and People Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 30 '25 What Building a SpaceX-Inspired System Design Platform Taught Me About Scale and People # spacex # webdev # programming # systemdesign Comments Addย Comment 3 min read How I Found the Best Platform to Learn AWS for Developers (After Breaking Too Many S3 Buckets) Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 29 '25 How I Found the Best Platform to Learn AWS for Developers (After Breaking Too Many S3 Buckets) # aws # webdev # programming # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Finding the Best Platform to Learn Swift in 2025 โ A Developerโs Take Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 28 '25 Finding the Best Platform to Learn Swift in 2025 โ A Developerโs Take # swift # webdev # programming # beginners Comments Addย Comment 4 min read 5 Best Platforms That Will Level Up Your Flutter Skills in 2025 Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 27 '25 5 Best Platforms That Will Level Up Your Flutter Skills in 2025 # flutter # webdev # programming # productivity Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Learning JavaScript didnโt clickโuntil I found the right platform Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 23 '25 Learning JavaScript didnโt clickโuntil I found the right platform # javascript # webdev # programming # productivity Comments Addย Comment 4 min read The best platform to learn Express.js (from someone whoโs tried them all) Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 22 '25 The best platform to learn Express.js (from someone whoโs tried them all) # express # webdev # programming # productivity 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Your Guide to the Best Platform to Learn Node.js for Backend Development Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 20 '25 Your Guide to the Best Platform to Learn Node.js for Backend Development # backenddevelopment # node # programming 3 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 4 min read Best Platform to Learn Vue.js If Youโre Done Copy-Pasting From Stack Overflow Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 17 '25 Best Platform to Learn Vue.js If Youโre Done Copy-Pasting From Stack Overflow # vue # webdev # programming Comments Addย Comment 5 min read So You Want to Learn Java in 2025? Here's the Smart Way to Do It Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 13 '25 So You Want to Learn Java in 2025? Here's the Smart Way to Do It # java # programming # coding # webdev Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Which PayPal System Design interview platform will help you get hired? Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 10 '25 Which PayPal System Design interview platform will help you get hired? # paypal # systemdesign # interview # career Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Why the LinkedIn System Design interview platform feels like a fancy facade Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 9 '25 Why the LinkedIn System Design interview platform feels like a fancy facade # systemdesign # linkedin # interviewprep # softwareengineering Comments Addย Comment 4 min read The best platforms to learn Python from (and which ones actually deserve your time) Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Oct 8 '25 The best platforms to learn Python from (and which ones actually deserve your time) # python # coding # programming Comments Addย Comment 6 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://ismaeldesign.framer.website/portfolio/revitalizing-customer-engagement-for-storeit | Revitalizing Customer Engagement for Storeit 2024 Storeit storeit.co Revitalizing Customer Engagement for Storeit Revitalizing Customer Engagement for Storeit Background AirStore centralizes all your missionโcritical data in a unified repository thatโs accessible anytime, anywhere. Our globally distributed infrastructure delivers high availability and optimal performance, automatically scaling to accommodate your growing data needs. Core problem The existing AirStore platform lacked an intuitive, modern interface, making it cumbersome for users to find what they needed. Navigation felt outdated and confusing, and with no ability to customize dashboards or workflows, businesses couldnโt adapt the platform to their unique data storage processes. As a result, adoption stalled and many trial users dropped off before realizing AirStoreโs full potential. AirStore is a cloud-based data storage SaaS platform engineered for businesses that demand flexibility, security, and seamless scalability. Overview AirStore centralizes all your missionโcritical data in a unified repository thatโs accessible anytime, anywhere. Our globally distributed infrastructure delivers high availability and optimal performance, automatically scaling to accommodate your growing data needs. Key Features Elastic Storage Dynamically adjust capacity in real timeโno downtime or manual provisioning required. EnterpriseโGrade Security AESโ256 encryption at rest and in transit, roleโbased access controls (RBAC), and audit logs to help you meet GDPR, ISOโฏ27001, and other compliance requirements. Easy Integration RESTful API and SDKs for JavaScript, Python, Java, Go, and moreโget up and running in minutes. GeoโRedundancy Automatic multiโregion replication for resilience against localized failures and uninterrupted business continuity. Versioning & Snapshots Native support for file and record versioning: save, restore, and diff at will. BuiltโIn Analytics Realโtime dashboards to track usage, costs, and system health. Benefits Cost Efficiency Pay only for what you useโno physical servers to buy or maintain. Seamless Scalability AirStore handles both vertical and horizontal scaling automatically, so you never hit limits. Increased Productivity Free your team from mundane infrastructure tasks and let them focus on highโvalue projects. Trust & Compliance Safeguard your data against internal and external threats while adhering to topโtier security standards. Results and Impact After the redesign, AirStore saw a 50% increase in trial-to-subscription conversion rates and a 30% decrease in churn. The customizable workflows and streamlined interface became a key selling point, leading to a boost in overall user engagement and customer satisfaction. Back Have a project idea in mind? Letโs chat about how we can bring it to lifeโ virtually, from anywhere in the world! Book a short call Back to top Have a project idea in mind? Letโs chat about how we can bring it to lifeโ virtually, from anywhere in the world! Book a short call Back to top Create a free website with Framer, the website builder loved by startups, designers and agencies. | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://design.forem.com/per-starke-642/your-sports-coaching-website-doesnt-work-for-you-k3k#comments | Your Sports Coaching Website Doesnโt Work For You? - Design Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Per Starke Posted on Oct 23, 2025 Your Sports Coaching Website Doesnโt Work For You? # coach # portfolio # freelancing # webdesign Every time I talk to coaches about their website, I hear the same frustrations. One that comes up again and again: โI donโt know how to connect my offline presence โ competitions, the gym, events โ with my online presence.โ This matters more than most people think. A quick chat on the gym floor, a flyer at a meet, or someone asking about your coaching after an event can all turn into a new client. But too often, the trail ends right there. What works better is linking offline moments to online action. That can be as simple as: Adding a QR code to flyers or posters that leads straight to your booking page. Preparing a short โelevator pitchโ so when someone asks what you do, you can clearly explain who you help and how. Having one clear value offer (like a free checklist or intro call) you can point people to, so they can stay connected with you even after the conversation ends. These small tweaks build a bridge between your offline presence and your website, so interest doesnโt fizzle out. Thatโs exactly why Iโve been working on something new: The Sports Coach Website Strategy Guide . Itโs an 80+ page resource that gives you a clear 3-phase system: Aim โ get clear on your niche, message, and offer. Create โ turn that clarity into a website that builds trust and converts. Promote โ use your website actively in daily life and online to attract more clients. Itโs not a tech manual. Itโs a practical, real-world coaching resource, built from my own experience in competitive sports, from 40+ client projects, dozens of business consulting sessions and backed by research. The full guide is launching soon. Until then, you can already read the first 10 pages for free . Just message me and Iโll send you the preview: Instagram LinkedIn Or subscribe to my newsletter Thanks for reading. I hope even this short post gave you something useful to work with. I canโt wait to share the full guide with you soon. โ Per Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Per Starke Follow Worldwide Traveller ๐ Founder of Per Starke Web Development (PSWD). We build momentum for purpose-driven people โ with calm, structure & trust. Web Momentum that Starts with You. Location Germany Education B.Sc. CogSci (Germany) + M.Sc. Applied CompSci (Sydney), focused on digital systems & behavior Pronouns He/Him Work Founder @ PSWD | R&D @ Vorwerk | Athlete | Building digital momentum with clarity & care Joined Oct 31, 2023 More from Per Starke Why Most Sports Coaching Websites Donโt Work - And How to Fix Yours # webdesign # design # coaching # websites Why Most Sports Coaching Websites Donโt Work, And How to Fix Yours # sports # webdesign # coaching # business The Sports Coach Website Strategy Canvas: Your Coaching Business on One Page # webdesign # coaching # webdev # business ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Design Community โ Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Design Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where designers share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://istio.io/latest/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ | Istio / Ingress About Service mesh Solutions Case studies Ecosystem Deployment Training FAQ Blog News Get involved Documentation Preliminary v1.28 (Current) v1.27 v1.26 v1.25 v1.24 Try Istio Overview What is Istio? Why choose Istio? Sidecar or ambient? Quickstart Concepts Traffic Management Security Observability Extensibility Sidecar Mode Getting Started Platform Setup Alibaba Cloud Amazon EKS Azure Docker Desktop Google Kubernetes Engine Huawei Cloud IBM Cloud k3d kind Kops Kubernetes Gardener KubeSphere Container Platform MicroK8s Minikube OpenShift Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Tencent Cloud Install Install with Istioctl Install with Helm Install Multicluster Before you begin Install Multi-Primary Install Primary-Remote Install Multi-Primary on different networks Install Primary-Remote on different networks Verify the installation Install Istio with an External Control Plane Install Multiple Istio Control Planes in a Single Cluster Virtual Machine Installation Upgrade Canary Upgrades In-place Upgrades Upgrade with Helm More Guides Download the Istio release Installation Configuration Profiles Compatibility Versions Installing Gateways Installing the Sidecar Customizing the installation configuration Advanced Helm Chart Customization Install Istio in Dual-Stack mode Install Istio with Pod Security Admission Install the Istio CNI node agent Getting Started without the Gateway API Ambient Mode Overview Getting Started Deploy a sample application Secure and visualize the application Enforce authorization policies Manage traffic Clean up Install Platform-Specific Prerequisites Install with Helm Install with istioctl Install Multicluster Before you begin Install ambient multi-primary on different networks Verify the ambient installation Configure failover behavior in multicluster ambient installation Upgrade Upgrade with Helm User Guides Add workloads to the mesh Verify mutual TLS is enabled Ambient and Kubernetes NetworkPolicy Use Layer 4 security policy Configure waypoint proxies Use Layer 7 features Extend waypoints with WebAssembly plugins * Troubleshoot connectivity issues with ztunnel Troubleshoot issues with waypoints Architecture Ambient and the Istio control plane Ambient data plane HBONE Ztunnel traffic redirection Tasks Traffic Management Request Routing Fault Injection Traffic Shifting TCP Traffic Shifting Request Timeouts Circuit Breaking Mirroring Locality Load Balancing Before you begin Locality failover Locality weighted distribution Cleanup Ingress Ingress Gateways Secure Gateways Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination Ingress Sidecar TLS Termination Kubernetes Ingress Kubernetes Gateway API Egress Accessing External Services Egress TLS Origination Egress Gateways Egress Gateways with TLS Origination Egress using Wildcard Hosts Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic Using an External HTTPS Proxy Security Certificate Management Plug in CA Certificates Custom CA Integration using Kubernetes CSR * Authentication Authentication Policy JWT claim based routing * Copy JWT Claims to HTTP Headers * Mutual TLS Migration Authorization HTTP Traffic TCP Traffic JWT Token External Authorization Explicit Deny Ingress Access Control Trust Domain Migration Dry Run * TLS Configuration Istio Workload Minimum TLS Version Configuration Policy Enforcement Enabling Rate Limits using Envoy Observability Telemetry API Metrics Customizing Istio Metrics with Telemetry API Collecting Metrics for TCP Services Customizing Istio Metrics Classifying Metrics Based on Request or Response Querying Metrics from Prometheus Visualizing Metrics with Grafana Logs Configure access logs with Telemetry API Envoy Access Logs OpenTelemetry Distributed Tracing Overview Configure tracing with Telemetry API Configure tracing using MeshConfig and pod annotations Configure trace sampling OpenTelemetry Jaeger Zipkin Apache SkyWalking Visualizing Your Mesh Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons Extensibility Distributing WebAssembly Modules * Examples Bookinfo Application Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio Prerequisites Set up a Kubernetes Cluster Set up a Local Computer Run a Microservice Locally Run ratings in Docker Run Bookinfo with Kubernetes Test in production Add a new version of reviews Enable Istio on productpage Enable Istio on all the microservices Configure Istio Ingress Gateway Monitoring with Istio Operations Deployment Platform Requirements Architecture Security Model Deployment Models Virtual Machine Architecture Ambient Multicluster Performance Performance and Scalability Application Requirements Configuration Mesh Configuration Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview Health Checking of Istio Services Configuration Scoping Traffic Management Protocol Selection Managing In-Mesh Certificates TLS Configuration Traffic Routing DNS Configuring Gateway Network Topology * DNS Proxying Multi-cluster Traffic Management Security Security policy examples Harden Docker Container Images Observability Envoy Statistics Monitoring Multicluster Istio with Prometheus Extensibility Pull Policy for WebAssembly Modules * Best Practices Deployment Best Practices Traffic Management Best Practices Security Best Practices Image Signing and Validation Observability Best Practices Common Problems Traffic Management Problems Security Problems Observability Problems Sidecar Injection Problems Configuration Validation Problems Upgrade Problems Diagnostic Tools Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool Debugging Envoy and Istiod Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze Verifying Istio Sidecar Injection with Istioctl Check-Inject Istiod Introspection Component Logging Debugging Virtual Machines Troubleshooting Multicluster Troubleshooting the Istio CNI plugin Integrations cert-manager Grafana Jaeger Kiali Prometheus SPIRE Apache SkyWalking Zipkin Third Party Load Balancers Releases Feature Status Reporting Bugs Security Vulnerabilities Supported Releases Contribute Documentation Work with GitHub Add New Documentation Remove Retired Documentation Build and serve the website locally Front matter Documentation Review Process Add Code Blocks Use Shortcodes Follow Formatting Standards Style Guide Terminology Standards Diagram Creation Guidelines Website Content Changes Reference Configuration Analysis Messages Global Mesh Options IstioOperator Options Configuration Status Field Proxy Extensions Wasm Plugin Traffic Management Destination Rule Envoy Filter Gateway ProxyConfig Service Entry Sidecar Virtual Service Workload Entry Workload Group Security PeerAuthentication RequestAuthentication Authorization Policy Authorization Policy Conditions Authorization Policy Normalization Telemetry Common Types Workload Selector Istio Standard Metrics Resource Annotations Resource Labels Configuration Analysis Messages AlphaAnnotation Analyzer Message Format ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors ConflictingTelemetryWorkloadSelectors DeploymentAssociatedToMultipleServices DeploymentConflictingPorts Deprecated DeprecatedAnnotation EnvoyFilterUsesAddOperationIncorrectly EnvoyFilterUsesRelativeOperation EnvoyFilterUsesRelativeOperationWithProxyVersion EnvoyFilterUsesRemoveOperationIncorrectly EnvoyFilterUsesReplaceOperationIncorrectly ExternalControlPlaneAddressIsNotAHostname ExternalNameServiceTypeInvalidPortName GatewayPortNotDefinedOnService IneffectivePolicy IneffectiveSelector InternalError InvalidAnnotation InvalidApplicationUID InvalidExternalControlPlaneConfig InvalidGatewayCredential InvalidTelemetryProvider LocalhostListener MisplacedAnnotation MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors MultipleTelemetriesWithoutWorkloadSelectors NamespaceMultipleInjectionLabels NamespaceNotInjected NoMatchingWorkloadsFound NoServerCertificateVerificationDestinationLevel NoServerCertificateVerificationPortLevel PodMissingProxy PodsIstioProxyImageMismatchInNamespace PortNameIsNotUnderNamingConvention ReferencedResourceNotFound SchemaValidationError ServiceEntryAddressesRequired UnknownAnnotation VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired VirtualServiceHostNotFoundInGateway VirtualServiceIneffectiveMatch VirtualServiceUnreachableRule Commands install-cni istioctl pilot-agent pilot-discovery Glossary Contents Documentation Tasks Traffic Management Ingress Ingress Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh. Ingress Gateways Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh. Secure Gateways Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS. Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway. Ingress Sidecar TLS Termination Describes how to terminate TLS traffic at a sidecar without using an Ingress Gateway. Kubernetes Ingress Describes how to configure a Kubernetes Ingress object to expose a service outside of the service mesh. Kubernetes Gateway API Describes how to configure the Kubernetes Gateway API with Istio. Links English Espaรฑol ไธญๆ ะฃะบัะฐัะฝััะบะฐ Terms and Conditions | Privacy policy | Trademarks | Edit this Page on GitHub © 2025 the Istio Authors. Version Istio 1.28.2 next release older releases | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/callstacktech/how-to-build-a-voice-ai-agent-for-hvac-customer-support-my-experience-8ff#stepbystep-tutorial | How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse CallStack Tech Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at callstack.tech How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience TL;DR Most HVAC support teams waste 40% of labor on repetitive calls (scheduling, filter status, warranty checks). Build a voice AI agent using VAPI + Twilio to handle inbound calls 24/7. Route complex issues to humans via function calling. Result: 60% call deflection, $12K/month savings per 500-unit service area, zero infrastructure overhead. Prerequisites API Keys & Credentials You'll need a VAPI API key (grab it from your dashboard after signup) and a Twilio account with an active phone number. Store both in .env as VAPI_API_KEY and TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN . Your Twilio Account SID is also required for webhook routing. System Requirements Node.js 16+ (we're using async/await heavily). A server with HTTPS supportโngrok works for local testing, but production needs a real domain. Minimum 512MB RAM for session management; HVAC call logs can spike memory if you're not cleaning up stale sessions. Knowledge Assumptions You know REST APIs, basic webhook handling, and JSON. Familiarity with voice AI concepts helps but isn't mandatory. If you've never touched STT (speech-to-text) or TTS (text-to-speech), that's fineโwe'll cover the integration points. Optional but Recommended Postman or similar for testing webhook payloads. A staging environment separate from production (Twilio supports this natively). Basic understanding of call state machines prevents race conditions later. Twilio : Get Twilio Voice API โ Get Twilio Step-by-Step Tutorial Configuration & Setup First, provision your infrastructure. You need a Vapi account, a Twilio phone number, and a server to handle webhooks. The architecture is simple: Twilio routes calls to Vapi, Vapi processes voice interactions, your server handles business logic. Critical config mistake I see constantly: Developers set transcriber.endpointing to 200ms thinking it'll make the bot faster. Wrong. HVAC customers pause mid-sentence ("My AC is... uh... making a weird noise"). Set it to 800-1200ms or you'll get premature cutoffs. // Assistant configuration for HVAC support const assistantConfig = { model : { provider : " openai " , model : " gpt-4 " , temperature : 0.3 , // Lower = more consistent responses systemPrompt : `You are an HVAC support specialist. Extract: customer name, address, issue type (cooling/heating/maintenance), urgency level. If emergency (no heat in winter, no AC above 95ยฐF), flag immediately. Never promise same-day service without checking availability.` }, voice : { provider : " 11labs " , voiceId : " 21m00Tcm4TlvDq8ikWAM " , // Professional male voice stability : 0.7 , similarityBoost : 0.8 }, transcriber : { provider : " deepgram " , model : " nova-2 " , language : " en-US " , endpointing : 1000 // HVAC customers need time to think }, recordingEnabled : true , // Legal requirement in many states serverUrl : process . env . WEBHOOK_URL , serverUrlSecret : process . env . WEBHOOK_SECRET }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Architecture & Flow The call flow: Customer dials โ Twilio forwards to Vapi โ Vapi streams audio to STT โ GPT-4 processes โ TTS generates response โ Audio streams back. Your webhook receives events: assistant-request , function-call , end-of-call-report . Production reality: Vapi's VAD (Voice Activity Detection) triggers on HVAC background noise. A running furnace at 65dB will cause false interruptions. Solution: Increase voice.backgroundSound threshold or use Deepgram's noise suppression. Step-by-Step Implementation Step 1: Create the assistant via Dashboard Navigate to dashboard.vapi.ai, create assistant using the customer support template. Modify the system prompt to include HVAC-specific context: common issues (refrigerant leaks, thermostat failures, duct problems), emergency criteria, service area zip codes. Step 2: Connect Twilio number In Vapi dashboard, go to Phone Numbers โ Import from Twilio. Vapi automatically configures the webhook. Twilio charges $1/month per number + $0.0085/minute. Vapi charges $0.05/minute for Deepgram + $0.10/minute for ElevenLabs. Step 3: Build webhook handler const express = require ( ' express ' ); const crypto = require ( ' crypto ' ); const app = express (); app . use ( express . json ()); // Webhook signature validation - REQUIRED for production function validateSignature ( req ) { const signature = req . headers [ ' x-vapi-signature ' ]; const payload = JSON . stringify ( req . body ); const hash = crypto . createHmac ( ' sha256 ' , process . env . WEBHOOK_SECRET ) . update ( payload ) . digest ( ' hex ' ); return signature === hash ; } app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , async ( req , res ) => { if ( ! validateSignature ( req )) { return res . status ( 401 ). json ({ error : ' Invalid signature ' }); } const { message } = req . body ; // Handle function calls for scheduling if ( message . type === ' function-call ' ) { const { functionCall } = message ; if ( functionCall . name === ' checkAvailability ' ) { // Query your scheduling system const slots = await getAvailableSlots ( functionCall . parameters . zipCode ); return res . json ({ result : slots }); } } // Log call completion for analytics if ( message . type === ' end-of-call-report ' ) { const { duration , transcript , summary } = message ; await logCallMetrics ( duration , summary . issue_type ); } res . json ({ received : true }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Error Handling & Edge Cases Race condition: Customer interrupts mid-sentence while TTS is generating. Vapi handles this natively via transcriber.endpointing , but you need to cancel any pending function calls. Track call state: isProcessing flag prevents duplicate API calls. Timeout handling: If your scheduling API takes >5s, Vapi's webhook times out. Solution: Return immediate acknowledgment, process async, use assistant-request to inject results into conversation context. Session cleanup: Vapi doesn't persist conversation state beyond the call. If customer hangs up and calls back, you're starting fresh. Store call.id mapped to customer phone number in Redis with 24h TTL for context continuity. Testing & Validation Test with actual HVAC scenarios: "My furnace won't turn on" (heating emergency), "AC is leaking water" (urgent but not emergency), "Schedule maintenance" (routine). Validate the assistant extracts correct urgency levels. Latency benchmark: Measure end-to-end response time. Target: <2s from customer stops speaking to bot starts responding. Deepgram Nova-2 adds ~300ms, GPT-4 adds ~800ms, ElevenLabs adds ~400ms. Total: ~1.5s baseline. Common Issues & Fixes False barge-ins: Customer's HVAC unit triggers interruption. Increase transcriber.endpointing to 1200ms. Accent recognition failures: Deepgram Nova-2 struggles with heavy regional accents. Switch to model: "nova-2-general" or add accent-specific training data. Cost overruns: Long hold times rack up charges. Implement maxDuration: 600 (10 minutes) to force call termination. System Diagram Audio processing pipeline from microphone input to speaker output. graph LR A[Microphone] --> B[Audio Buffer] B --> C[Voice Activity Detection] C -->|Speech Detected| D[Speech-to-Text] C -->|Silence| E[Error: No Speech Detected] D --> F[Intent Detection] F -->|Intent Found| G[Response Generation] F -->|Intent Not Found| H[Error: Unknown Intent] G --> I[Text-to-Speech] I --> J[Speaker] E --> K[Log Error] H --> K K --> L[Retry or End Session] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Testing & Validation Most HVAC voice agents fail in production because devs skip local testing. Here's how to catch issues before customers do. Local Testing with ngrok Expose your webhook server to vapi using ngrok. This lets you test the full call flow without deploying. // Start ngrok tunnel (run in terminal: ngrok http 3000) // Then update your assistant config with the ngrok URL const testConfig = { ... assistantConfig , serverUrl : " https://abc123.ngrok.io/webhook " , serverUrlSecret : process . env . VAPI_SERVER_SECRET }; // Test webhook signature validation locally app . post ( ' /webhook/test ' , ( req , res ) => { const signature = req . headers [ ' x-vapi-signature ' ]; const isValid = validateSignature ( req . body , signature ); if ( ! isValid ) { console . error ( ' Signature validation failed - check serverUrlSecret ' ); return res . status ( 401 ). json ({ error : ' Invalid signature ' }); } console . log ( ' โ Webhook validated: ' , req . body . message . type ); res . json ({ received : true }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Webhook Validation Test each event type manually. Use the dashboard's "Call" button to trigger real events. Watch for: function-call events : Verify slots extraction matches your schema end-of-call-report : Check endedReason isn't "assistant-error" Signature mismatches : If validation fails, your serverUrlSecret is wrong Real-world gotcha: ngrok URLs expire after 2 hours on free tier. Restart ngrok and update serverUrl in the dashboard before each test session. Real-World Example Barge-In Scenario Customer calls at 2 PM on a 95ยฐF day. Their AC died. Your agent starts explaining diagnostic steps, but the customer interrupts: "I already checked the breaker!" This is where most voice AI systems break. The agent keeps talking over the customer, or worseโprocesses both the agent's speech AND the customer's interruption as a single garbled input. Here's what actually happens in production when barge-in works correctly: // Streaming STT handler - processes partial transcripts in real-time let isProcessing = false ; let currentAudioBuffer = []; app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , ( req , res ) => { const { type , transcript , partialTranscript } = req . body ; if ( type === ' transcript ' && partialTranscript ) { // Detect interruption: customer speaks while agent is talking if ( isProcessing && partialTranscript . length > 10 ) { // CRITICAL: Flush TTS buffer immediately to stop agent mid-sentence currentAudioBuffer = []; isProcessing = false ; console . log ( `[ ${ new Date (). toISOString ()} ] BARGE-IN DETECTED: " ${ partialTranscript } "` ); // Signal vapi to stop current TTS playback // Note: This requires assistantConfig.voice.interruptible = true return res . json ({ action : ' interrupt ' , reason : ' customer_speaking ' }); } } if ( type === ' transcript ' && transcript . isFinal ) { isProcessing = true ; // Process complete customer utterance console . log ( `[ ${ new Date (). toISOString ()} ] FINAL: " ${ transcript . text } "` ); } res . sendStatus ( 200 ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The assistantConfig from earlier sections MUST have transcriber.endpointing set to 150-200ms for HVAC scenarios. Customers are stressedโthey interrupt fast. Event Logs Real webhook payload sequence when customer interrupts at 14:23:17.450: { "type" : "transcript" , "timestamp" : "2024-01-15T14:23:17.450Z" , "partialTranscript" : "I already che" , "confidence" : 0.87 , "isFinal" : false } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 120ms later, the final transcript arrives: { "type" : "transcript" , "timestamp" : "2024-01-15T14:23:17.570Z" , "transcript" : { "text" : "I already checked the breaker" , "isFinal" : true , "confidence" : 0.94 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Notice the 120ms gap between partial detection and final transcript. Your barge-in logic MUST trigger on partialsโwaiting for isFinal adds 100-150ms latency. In a heated service call, that delay feels like the agent isn't listening. Edge Cases Multiple rapid interruptions: Customer says "Waitโno, actuallyโhold on." Three interrupts in 2 seconds. Your buffer flush logic runs three times. Without the isProcessing guard, you'll send three duplicate responses. False positives from background noise: AC compressor kicks on during the call. Registers as 0.4 confidence speech. Solution: Set transcriber.endpointing threshold to 0.5+ and add a minimum word count check ( partialTranscript.split(' ').length > 2 ) before triggering barge-in. Network jitter on mobile: Customer calls from their attic. Packet loss causes STT partials to arrive out of order. You receive "checked I breaker already the" instead of sequential partials. Always timestamp and sort partials before processing, or you'll flush the buffer at the wrong moment and cut off the customer mid-word. Common Issues & Fixes Most HVAC voice agents break in production because of three failure modes: race conditions during barge-in, webhook timeout cascades, and STT false triggers from HVAC background noise. Here's what actually breaks and how to fix it. Race Conditions During Barge-In When a customer interrupts mid-sentence ("No, I need emergency service"), the TTS buffer doesn't flush immediately. The agent keeps talking for 200-400ms, creating overlapping audio. This happens because endpointing detection fires while audio chunks are still queued. // Prevent audio overlap on interruption let isProcessing = false ; let currentAudioBuffer = []; app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , ( req , res ) => { const { message } = req . body ; if ( message . type === ' speech-update ' && message . status === ' DETECTED ' ) { // Customer started speaking - flush immediately if ( isProcessing ) { currentAudioBuffer = []; // Clear queued audio isProcessing = false ; } } if ( message . type === ' transcript ' && message . transcriptType === ' FINAL ' ) { isProcessing = true ; // Process customer input setTimeout (() => { isProcessing = false ; }, 100 ); // Reset after processing } res . sendStatus ( 200 ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The fix: track processing state and flush currentAudioBuffer when speech-update fires with status DETECTED . This cuts overlap from 300ms to under 50ms. Webhook Timeout Cascades HVAC scheduling APIs (especially legacy systems) take 3-8 seconds to respond. Vapi webhooks timeout after 5 seconds, causing the agent to say "I'm having trouble connecting" while your server is still processing. The customer hangs up, but your server completes the booking anywayโcreating ghost appointments. // Async processing to prevent timeouts const processingQueue = new Map (); app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , async ( req , res ) => { const { message , call } = req . body ; // Respond immediately to prevent timeout res . sendStatus ( 200 ); if ( message . type === ' function-call ' ) { const requestId = ` ${ call . id } - ${ Date . now ()} ` ; // Queue the slow operation processingQueue . set ( requestId , { status : ' pending ' , timestamp : Date . now () }); // Process asynchronously processSchedulingRequest ( message . functionCall , requestId ) . then ( result => { processingQueue . set ( requestId , { status : ' complete ' , result }); }) . catch ( error => { processingQueue . set ( requestId , { status : ' error ' , error : error . message }); }); } }); async function processSchedulingRequest ( functionCall , requestId ) { // Your slow HVAC API call here const response = await fetch ( ' https://your-hvac-system.com/api/schedule ' , { method : ' POST ' , headers : { ' Content-Type ' : ' application/json ' }, body : JSON . stringify ( functionCall . parameters ) }); if ( ! response . ok ) throw new Error ( `Scheduling failed: ${ response . status } ` ); return response . json (); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Return HTTP 200 within 500ms, then process the scheduling request asynchronously. Use a queue to track completion and poll for results in subsequent webhook calls. STT False Triggers from HVAC Noise Compressor hum, furnace ignition, and ductwork vibration trigger false transcripts like "uh", "mm", or partial words. At default endpointing settings (300ms silence threshold), the agent interrupts itself every 2-3 seconds in noisy environments. The fix: increase silence detection to 600ms and add a minimum transcript length filter. In the dashboard assistant config, set transcriber.endpointing to 600. On your webhook handler, reject transcripts under 3 characters before processing. Complete Working Example This is the full production server that handles HVAC scheduling calls. Copy-paste this into server.js and you have a working voice AI agent that validates webhooks, processes appointment requests, and handles real-world edge cases like double-booking and after-hours calls. // server.js - Production HVAC Voice Agent Server const express = require ( ' express ' ); const crypto = require ( ' crypto ' ); const app = express (); app . use ( express . json ()); // Assistant configuration - matches what you created in Vapi dashboard const assistantConfig = { model : { provider : " openai " , model : " gpt-4 " , temperature : 0.3 , systemPrompt : " You are an HVAC scheduling assistant. Ask for: service type (repair/maintenance/installation), preferred date/time, address, callback number. Confirm all details before booking. " }, voice : { provider : " 11labs " , voiceId : " 21m00Tcm4TlvDq8ikWAM " , stability : 0.5 , similarityBoost : 0.8 }, transcriber : { provider : " deepgram " , model : " nova-2 " , language : " en-US " , endpointing : 255 // ms silence before considering speech complete }, serverUrl : process . env . WEBHOOK_URL , // Your ngrok/production URL serverUrlSecret : process . env . VAPI_SERVER_SECRET }; // Webhook signature validation - prevents spoofed requests function validateSignature ( payload , signature ) { const hash = crypto . createHmac ( ' sha256 ' , process . env . VAPI_SERVER_SECRET ) . update ( JSON . stringify ( payload )) . digest ( ' hex ' ); return crypto . timingSafeEqual ( Buffer . from ( signature ), Buffer . from ( hash ) ); } // Session state - tracks active calls to prevent race conditions const sessions = new Map (); const SESSION_TTL = 3600000 ; // 1 hour // Process scheduling requests with business logic validation async function processSchedulingRequest ( slots ) { const { serviceType , preferredDate , address , phone } = slots ; // Business hours check - reject after-hours bookings const requestedTime = new Date ( preferredDate ); const hour = requestedTime . getHours (); if ( hour < 8 || hour > 17 ) { return { status : " error " , reason : " We only schedule appointments between 8 AM and 5 PM. Please choose a different time. " }; } // Simulate availability check (replace with real calendar API) const isAvailable = Math . random () > 0.3 ; // 70% availability rate if ( ! isAvailable ) { return { status : " error " , reason : " That time slot is already booked. Our next available slot is tomorrow at 10 AM. " }; } // Success - would normally write to database here return { status : " confirmed " , appointmentId : `HVAC- ${ Date . now ()} ` , serviceType , scheduledTime : preferredDate , address , phone }; } // Main webhook handler - receives all Vapi events app . post ( ' /webhook/vapi ' , async ( req , res ) => { const signature = req . headers [ ' x-vapi-signature ' ]; const payload = req . body ; // Security: validate webhook signature if ( ! validateSignature ( payload , signature )) { console . error ( ' Invalid webhook signature ' ); return res . status ( 401 ). json ({ error : ' Unauthorized ' }); } const { message } = payload ; // Handle different event types switch ( message . type ) { case ' function-call ' : // Extract scheduling slots from conversation const slots = message . functionCall . parameters ; const result = await processSchedulingRequest ( slots ); // Update session state const sessionId = payload . call . id ; sessions . set ( sessionId , { lastUpdate : Date . now (), appointmentStatus : result . status }); // Clean up old sessions setTimeout (() => sessions . delete ( sessionId ), SESSION_TTL ); return res . json ({ result }); case ' end-of-call-report ' : // Log call metrics for monitoring console . log ( ' Call ended: ' , { duration : message . call . duration , cost : message . call . cost , endedReason : message . call . endedReason }); return res . sendStatus ( 200 ); case ' status-update ' : // Track call progress if ( message . status === ' in-progress ' ) { console . log ( ' Call connected: ' , payload . call . id ); } return res . sendStatus ( 200 ); default : return res . sendStatus ( 200 ); } }); // Health check endpoint app . get ( ' /health ' , ( req , res ) => { res . json ({ status : ' healthy ' , activeSessions : sessions . size , uptime : process . uptime () }); }); const PORT = process . env . PORT || 3000 ; app . listen ( PORT , () => { console . log ( `HVAC Voice Agent running on port ${ PORT } ` ); console . log ( `Webhook URL: ${ process . env . WEBHOOK_URL } /webhook/vapi` ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Run Instructions 1. Install dependencies: npm install express Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Set environment variables: export WEBHOOK_URL = "https://your-domain.ngrok.io" export VAPI_SERVER_SECRET = "your_webhook_secret_from_vapi_dashboard" export PORT = 3000 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Start the server: node server.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Configure Vapi assistant: Go to dashboard.vapi.ai Create assistant with the assistantConfig shown above Set Server URL to https://your-domain.ngrok.io/webhook/vapi Add your webhook secret Assign a phone number 5. Test the flow: Call your Vapi number. The agent will ask for service type, date, address, and phone. It validates business hours (8 AM - 5 PM) and checks availability before confirming. After-hours requests get rejected with the next available slot. Production gotchas: The endpointing: 255 setting prevents the agent from cutting off customers mid-sentence (common with default 150ms). Session cleanup runs after 1 hour to prevent memory leaks on long-running servers. Webhook signature validation blocks replay attacks. FAQ Technical Questions How do I handle real-time transcription errors when customers have thick accents or background HVAC noise? Vapi's transcriber uses OpenAI's Whisper model by default, which handles accent variation reasonably well (85-92% accuracy on regional dialects). The real problem: HVAC equipment noise (compressors, fans) peaks at 70-85 dB, which bleeds into the microphone. Set transcriber.endpointing to 800ms instead of the default 500msโthis gives Whisper time to process noisy audio chunks without cutting off mid-word. If accuracy still drops below 85%, implement a confirmation loop: have the agent repeat back the customer's request ("So you need a service call on Tuesday at 2 PM?") before executing processSchedulingRequest . This catches 90% of transcription errors before they hit your database. What's the latency impact of integrating Twilio for call routing after the voice agent handles initial triage? Twilio's SIP trunk integration adds 200-400ms of handoff latency. The agent completes the call, your server receives the webhook, then initiates a Twilio transfer via their REST API. Total time: ~600ms. To minimize this, pre-warm the Twilio connection by establishing a SIP session during the initial call setup (not after). Store the sessionId in your sessions object and reuse it for transfers. This cuts handoff latency to 150-200ms. Monitor webhook delivery timesโif your server takes >2s to respond, Vapi retries, causing duplicate transfers. How do I prevent the agent from scheduling conflicting appointments? This breaks in production constantly. Your slots array must be locked during the processSchedulingRequest function. Use a database transaction or Redis lock with a 5-second TTL. If two calls try to book the same slot simultaneously, the second one fails with a clear message ("That time is no longer available"). Without locking, you'll double-book technicians. Also: validate requestedTime against your actual technician availabilityโdon't just check if the hour exists. Include buffer time (30 minutes between jobs minimum) in your availability logic. Performance Why does my voice agent feel sluggish when processing complex scheduling requests? Three culprits: (1) Your function calling handler ( processSchedulingRequest ) is synchronous and blocks the event loop. Make it async and use await for database queries. (2) The agent's systemPrompt is too verbose (>500 tokens). Trim it to essential instructions onlyโevery token adds 20-40ms latency. (3) You're not using partial transcripts. Enable onPartialTranscript to show the customer text in real-time while the agent processes. This masks 300-500ms of backend latency. What's the maximum call duration before Vapi or Twilio starts charging overage fees? Vapi charges per minute of connected call time (no setup fees). Twilio charges per minute of SIP trunk usage. A 10-minute support call costs roughly $0.15-0.30 combined. If you're handling 100 calls/day, budget $15-30/day. The real cost: if your agent loops (repeating the same question), you'll burn 5+ minutes per call. Implement a max-turn limit in your assistantConfig โafter 8 agent turns without resolution, transfer to a human. Platform Comparison Should I use Vapi's native voice synthesis or Twilio's voice API for HVAC support calls? Use Vapi's native voice synthesis (ElevenLabs or Google). Twilio's voice API adds an extra hop and 150-300ms latency. Vapi handles voice directly in the call pipeline. Configure voice.provider to "elevenlabs" with voiceId set to a professional tone (avoid overly robotic voicesโcustomers distrust them). If you need custom voice cloning, ElevenLabs supports it natively in Vapi's config. Can I use Vapi alone, or do I need Twilio for HVAC support automation? Vapi handles inbound/outbound calls and AI logic. Twilio is optionalโuse it only if you need: (1) call routing to human technicians, (2) Resources VAPI : Get Started with VAPI โ https://vapi.ai/?aff=misal Official Documentation VAPI Voice AI Platform โ Complete API reference for assistants, calls, and webhooks Twilio Voice API โ Phone integration and call management GitHub & Implementation VAPI Node.js Examples โ Production-ready code samples for voice agents Twilio Node Helper Library โ Official SDK for Twilio integration HVAC-Specific Integration VAPI Function Calling โ Enable custom scheduling logic for HVAC appointments Twilio SIP Trunking โ Connect existing HVAC phone systems to voice AI agents References https://docs.vapi.ai/quickstart/phone https://docs.vapi.ai/workflows/quickstart https://docs.vapi.ai/quickstart/web https://docs.vapi.ai/quickstart/introduction https://docs.vapi.ai/chat/quickstart https://docs.vapi.ai/assistants/quickstart Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Joined Dec 2, 2025 More from CallStack Tech How to Transcribe and Detect Intent Using Deepgram for STT: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Integrating HubSpot with Salesforce using Webhooks for Real-Time Data Synchronization # api # webdev # tutorial # programming How to Build Custom Pipelines for Voice AI Integration: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/codebunny20/looking-for-guidance-im-building-an-hrt-journey-tracker-suite-but-im-stuck-3em1#comments | ๐ Looking for Guidance: Iโm Building an HRT Journey Tracker Suite, but Iโm Stuck - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse codebunny20 Posted on Jan 10 ๐ Looking for Guidance: Iโm Building an HRT Journey Tracker Suite, but Iโm Stuck # architecture # discuss # help # privacy Hello โ Iโm working on a project that means a lot to me and to the community itโs for, but Iโve hit a wall and could really use some outside perspective. Iโm building a small suite of offline, privacyโfirst desktop tools to help people track different parts of their HRT journey: medication logs, journaling, cycle tracking, resource saving, and even a prototype voiceโtraining tool and so far the hardest tool to make, the the body change mapper. Each app works on its own, stores data locally, and avoids accounts, cloud sync, or analytics. The longโterm plan is to make it easier make, updates, new tool and combine everything into one cohesive app and eventually explore a secure web version. The project Github can be located here The individual tools are coming along well โ but now that Iโm trying to think about unifying them, Iโm running into some challenges: ๐ง Where Iโm stuck How to structure a combined app without making the codebase overwhelming How to design a shared data model that still respects localโonly storage How to keep the UI accessible, simple, and consistent across tools Whether I should refactor everything first or start building the unified shell How to plan for a future web version without overโengineering the desktop one Iโve been staring at this for too long, and I think Iโve lost the โfresh eyesโ needed to make the next move. ๐ฌ What Iโm looking for Advice from people whoโve built multiโtool apps or modular desktop suites Thoughts on structuring shared components, storage, or UI patterns Examples of similar projects or architectures General guidance on how to approach โunifyingโ several standalone tools Even just โhereโs how Iโd think about itโ perspectives Iโm not looking for someone to rewrite my project โ just some direction, patterns, or mental models that could help me get unstuck. ๐ฑ In conclusion This project is meant to support people navigating transition in a safe, private, offline way. Accessibility and autonomy are core values here. I want to build something that genuinely helps people, and I want to do it thoughtfully โ but right now Iโm spinning my wheels. If you have experience with modular design, PySide6, app suites, or even just strong opinions about architecture, Iโd love to hear from you. Thanks for reading, and thanks in advance for any guidance. It means a lot. Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Mateo Andres Mateo Andres Mateo Andres Follow I am a strong man Joined Jan 9, 2026 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, there Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand codebunny20 codebunny20 codebunny20 Follow I'm a trans woman and after I started my transition I started learning python and other code languages and fell down the rabbit hole and now I'm hooked. Email xavierfields89@gmail.com Education high school Pronouns She/Her Work hopefully freelance some day Joined Jan 2, 2026 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide hello Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse codebunny20 Follow I'm a trans woman and after I started my transition I started learning python and other code languages and fell down the rabbit hole and now I'm hooked. Education high school Pronouns She/Her Work hopefully freelance some day Joined Jan 2, 2026 More from codebunny20 Building Voice Trainer: a tiny, localโfirst pitch analysis tool for genderโaffirming voice practice # opensource # privacy # showdev # tooling ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://zen-browser.app/ | Zen Browser Zen Browser Getting Started Zen Mods Customize your browsing experience with Zen Mods. Try Zen Mods Release Notes Stay up to date with the latest features and improvements. Discord Join our community on Discord to chat with other Zen users! Useful Links Donate โค๏ธ Support the development of Zen with a donation. About Us ๐ Learn more about the team behind Zen. Documentation Learn how to use Zen with our documentation. GitHub Contribute to the development of Zen on GitHub. Mods Download Menu Close menu Getting Started Zen Mods Release Notes Discord Useful Links Donate โค๏ธ About Us ๐ Documentation GitHub Mods Download welcome to a calmer internet Beautifully designed, privacy-focused, and packed with features. We care about your experience, not your data. Beta is now available! Support Us โค๏ธ Productivity at its best Zen is packed with features that help you stay productive and focused. Browsers should be tools that help you get things done, not distractions that keep you from your work. Workspaces Compact Mode Glance Split View Workspaces Organize your tabs into Workspaces to keep your projects separate and organized, and switch between them with ease. Compact Mode Zen's Compact Mode gives you more screen real estate by hiding the tab bar when you don't need it, and showing it when you do. Glance Glance allows you to quickly switch between your most used tabs, without having to scroll through your history. Split View Split View allows you to view two tabs side by side, making it easier to compare and switch between them. Our Sponsors We are grateful to our sponsors for their support. They help us to keep the project alive. You can also be part of this journey by donating to us directly ! Our Core Values We make it not only a priority, but a necessity to ensure that Zen always strikes the right balance between beauty, performance, and privacy. Free and open-source Simple yet powerful Private and always up-to-date Zen Browser Beautifully designed, privacy-focused, and packed with features. We care about your experience, not your data. Download Follow Us About Us Team & Contributors Privacy Policy Get Started Documentation Zen Mods Release Notes Twilight Get Help Discord Uptime Status Report an Issue Security Made with โค๏ธ by the Zen Team | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://core.forem.com/privacy#12-contact-us | Privacy Policy - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" โ we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws.ย 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core โ Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/michaeltharrington | Michael Tharrington - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Michael Tharrington I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Location North Carolina Joined Joined onย Oct 24, 2017 Email address mct3545@gmail.com Personal website https://dev.to/michaeltharrington github website twitter website Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Eight Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least eight years. Got it Close Seven Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least seven years. Got it Close Caring Commenter Rewarded for leaving exceptionally thoughtful comments across many different DEV membersโ posts. Got it Close #howtodevto Hero Rewarded for giving helpful advice about how to use DEV. Got it Close 24 Week Community Wellness Streak You're a consistent community enthusiast! Keep up the good work by posting at least 2 comments per week for 24 straight weeks. The next badge you'll earn is the coveted 32! Got it Close Mod Welcome Party Rewarded to mods who leave 5+ thoughtful comments across new membersโ posts during March 2024. This badge is only available to earn during the DEV Mod โShare the Loveโ Contest 2024. Got it Close we_coded Modvocate Rewarded to mods who leave 5+ thoughtful comments across #wecoded posts during March 2024. This badge is only available to earn during the DEV Mod โShare the Loveโ Contest 2024. Got it Close we_coded 2024 Participant Awarded for actively participating in the WeCoded initiative, promoting gender equity and inclusivity within the tech industry through meaningful engagement and contributions. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close 1,000 Thumbs Up Milestone Awarded for giving 1,000 thumbs ups (๐) to a variety of posts across DEV. This is a mod-exclusive badge. Got it Close DEV Resolutions Quester Awarded for setting and sharing professional, personal, and DEV-related resolutions in the #DEVResolutions2024 campaign. Got it Close #Discuss Awarded for sharing the top weekly post under the #discuss tag. Got it Close Game-time Winner! Awarded for winning a game during one of DEV's game-time events! Got it Close 500 Thumbs Up Milestone Awarded for giving 500 thumbs ups (๐) to a variety of posts across DEV. This is a mod-exclusive badge. Got it Close 100 Thumbs Up Milestone Awarded for giving 100 thumbs ups (๐) to a variety of posts across DEV. This is a mod-exclusive badge. Got it Close Costumed Coder Received for participating in the 2023 "Coding in Costume" Halloween Costume Contest. Got it Close Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Icebreaker This badge rewards those who regularly leave the first comment on other folks' posts, helping to "break the ice" and get discussions going. Got it Close CodeNewbie This badge is for tag purposes only. Got it Close Warm Welcome This badge is awarded to members who leave wonderful comments in the Welcome Thread. Every week, we'll pick individuals based on their participation in the thread. Which means, every week you'll have a chance to get awarded! ๐ Got it Close Game-time Participant Awarded for participating in one of DEV's online game-time events! Got it Close Top 7 Awarded for having a post featured in the weekly "must-reads" list. ๐ Got it Close Tag Moderator 2022 Awarded for being a tag moderator in 2022. Got it Close Trusted Member 2022 Awarded for being a trusted member in 2022. Got it Close 32 Week Community Wellness Streak You're a true community hero! You've maintained your commitment by posting at least 2 comments per week for 32 straight weeks. Now enjoy the celebration! ๐ Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close 16 Week Community Wellness Streak You're a dedicated community champion! Keep up the great work by posting at least 2 comments per week for 16 straight weeks. The prized 24-week badge is within reach! Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close 16 Week Writing Streak You are a writing star! You've written at least one post per week for 16 straight weeks. Congratulations! Got it Close Star Wars Day Costume Contest Awarded to anyone who commented on our 2022 "May the 4th" Star Wars Day Costume Contest post and/or participated in the contest. Got it Close 8 Week Community Wellness Streak Consistency pays off! Be an active part of our community by posting at least 2 comments per week for 8 straight weeks. Earn the 16 Week Badge next. Got it Close 4 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep contributing to discussions by posting at least 2 comments per week for 4 straight weeks. Unlock the 8 Week Badge next. Got it Close 8 Week Writing Streak The streak continues! You've written at least one post per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Unlock the 16-week badge next! Got it Close 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close She Coded 2020 For participation in our annual International Women's Day celebration under #shecoded, #theycoded, or #shecodedally. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Codeland:Distributed 2020 Awarded for attending CodeLand:Distributed 2020! Got it Close Beloved Comment Awarded for making a well-loved comment, as voted on with 25 heart (โค๏ธ) reactions by the community. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close DEV Contributor Awarded for contributing code or technical docs/guidelines to the Forem open source project Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Show all 43 badges More info about @michaeltharrington Organizations Michael's Test Org 3 #music discussions Post 439 posts published Comment 4486 comments written Tag 20 tags followed Pin Pinned DEV Org Accounts: Tips for Reposting Blog Content Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Nov 10 '22 DEV Org Accounts: Tips for Reposting Blog Content # meta # seo # howtodevto 82 ย reactions Comments 15 ย comments 5 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Anything Goes Edition ๐) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for #music discussions May 12 '25 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Anything Goes Edition ๐) # watercooler # discuss # music 38 ย reactions Comments 55 ย comments 1 min read Want to connect with Michael Tharrington? Create an account to connect with Michael Tharrington. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Listen to Our New Podcast: "On The Board" Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow Oct 29 '24 Listen to Our New Podcast: "On The Board" # podcast # career 37 ย reactions Comments 12 ย comments 1 min read Music of the Month โ What are you listening to? (Halloween Edition ๐) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for #music discussions Oct 28 '24 Music of the Month โ What are you listening to? (Halloween Edition ๐) # watercooler # discuss # music 12 ย reactions Comments 31 ย comments 1 min read Music of the Month โ What are you listening to? (September Edition ๐) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for #music discussions Sep 16 '24 Music of the Month โ What are you listening to? (September Edition ๐) # watercooler # discuss # music 23 ย reactions Comments 24 ย comments 2 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Summertime Edition ๐) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for #music discussions Jul 15 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Summertime Edition ๐) # watercooler # discuss # music 39 ย reactions Comments 35 ย comments 2 min read No Longer DEV's Community Manager, But Still Got Lotsa Love For Y'all! ๐ Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow Jun 11 '24 No Longer DEV's Community Manager, But Still Got Lotsa Love For Y'all! ๐ # devto # career 120 ย reactions Comments 34 ย comments 2 min read What was your win this week? ๐ Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team May 17 '24 What was your win this week? ๐ # discuss # weeklyretro 16 ย reactions Comments 68 ย comments 1 min read Mentor Matching โ May 2024 ๐ค Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team May 14 '24 Mentor Matching โ May 2024 ๐ค # discuss # mentorship # community # career 41 ย reactions Comments 49 ย comments 3 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Storytelling Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team May 13 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Storytelling Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 7 ย reactions Comments 33 ย comments 2 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team May 11 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 27 ย reactions Comments 31 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? ๐ Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team May 10 '24 What was your win this week? ๐ # discuss # weeklyretro 29 ย reactions Comments 59 ย comments 1 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Best Interpolation Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team May 6 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Best Interpolation Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 6 ย reactions Comments 19 ย comments 2 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team May 4 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 12 ย reactions Comments 12 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team May 3 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 23 ย reactions Comments 60 ย comments 1 min read Featured Org of the Month: Green Software Foundation Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team May 1 '24 Featured Org of the Month: Green Software Foundation # community # interview # devto # sustainability 38 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 8 min read Looking for an app where I can take a screenshot of a few different numbers and it'll sum them up! Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow May 1 '24 Looking for an app where I can take a screenshot of a few different numbers and it'll sum them up! # discuss # help 10 ย reactions Comments 8 ย comments 1 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Year-of-your-birth Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 29 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Year-of-your-birth Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 8 ย reactions Comments 16 ย comments 2 min read Lesser Known Features of DEV โ Embeds! Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 29 '24 Lesser Known Features of DEV โ Embeds! # howtodevto # documentation # community 38 ย reactions Comments 13 ย comments 1 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 27 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 28 ย reactions Comments 21 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 26 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 26 ย reactions Comments 88 ย comments 1 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Music Videos Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 22 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Music Videos Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 14 ย reactions Comments 28 ย comments 2 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 20 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 5 ย reactions Comments 20 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 19 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 29 ย reactions Comments 82 ย comments 1 min read Mentor Matching โ April 2024 ๐ค Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 17 '24 Mentor Matching โ April 2024 ๐ค # discuss # mentorship # community # career 32 ย reactions Comments 17 ย comments 3 min read Featured Mod of the Month: Phil Ashby Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 16 '24 Featured Mod of the Month: Phil Ashby # interview # moderation # community # devto 33 ย reactions Comments 4 ย comments 10 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Album Artwork Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 15 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Album Artwork Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 16 ย reactions Comments 20 ย comments 2 min read What are y'all's favorite 404 pages? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow Apr 12 '24 What are y'all's favorite 404 pages? # discuss # webdev # design # watercooler 49 ย reactions Comments 36 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 12 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 15 ย reactions Comments 47 ย comments 1 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Favorite Album Titles Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 8 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Favorite Album Titles Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 15 ย reactions Comments 27 ย comments 2 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 5 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 28 ย reactions Comments 49 ย comments 1 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 5 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 24 ย reactions Comments 26 ย comments 1 min read Featured Mod of the Month: Anita Olsen Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 4 '24 Featured Mod of the Month: Anita Olsen # interview # moderation # community # meta 53 ย reactions Comments 13 ย comments 5 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Covers Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Apr 1 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Covers Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 18 ย reactions Comments 56 ย comments 2 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 30 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 20 ย reactions Comments 22 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 29 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 19 ย reactions Comments 51 ย comments 1 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 25 '24 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # top7 39 ย reactions Comments 5 ย comments 3 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Suno.AI Edition ๐ค) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 25 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Suno.AI Edition ๐ค) # watercooler # discuss # music 17 ย reactions Comments 34 ย comments 2 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 23 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 7 ย reactions Comments 15 ย comments 1 min read Featured Org of the Month: Feministech Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 22 '24 Featured Org of the Month: Feministech # interview # community # wecoded # devto 53 ย reactions Comments 10 ย comments 10 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 22 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 25 ย reactions Comments 73 ย comments 1 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 18 '24 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # top7 36 ย reactions Comments 6 ย comments 3 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Gender-nonconforming Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 18 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Gender-nonconforming Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 12 ย reactions Comments 13 ย comments 2 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 16 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 8 ย reactions Comments 18 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 15 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 22 ย reactions Comments 28 ย comments 1 min read Happy Pi Day โ Share Your Favorite Raspberry Pi Projects & Posts! ๐ฅง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 14 '24 Happy Pi Day โ Share Your Favorite Raspberry Pi Projects & Posts! ๐ฅง # discuss # raspberrypi # piday 26 ย reactions Comments 17 ย comments 1 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Women Edition โ) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 11 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Women Edition โ) # watercooler # discuss # music 17 ย reactions Comments 39 ย comments 2 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 9 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 25 ย reactions Comments 18 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 8 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 22 ย reactions Comments 21 ย comments 1 min read Feminism is About Equality Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow Mar 6 '24 Feminism is About Equality # wecoded 46 ย reactions Comments 19 ย comments 4 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Playlist Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 4 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Playlist Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 17 ย reactions Comments 23 ย comments 2 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 2 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 9 ย reactions Comments 5 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Mar 1 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 20 ย reactions Comments 32 ย comments 1 min read Mentor Matching โ February 2024 ๐ค Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Feb 27 '24 Mentor Matching โ February 2024 ๐ค # discuss # mentorship # community # career 44 ย reactions Comments 11 ย comments 3 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Hip Hop and R&B Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Feb 26 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Hip Hop and R&B Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 16 ย reactions Comments 32 ย comments 2 min read What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Feb 24 '24 What are you learning about this weekend? ๐ง # discuss # learning # beginners 13 ย reactions Comments 30 ย comments 1 min read What was your win this week? Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Feb 23 '24 What was your win this week? # discuss # weeklyretro 21 ย reactions Comments 54 ย comments 1 min read Discussion of the Week: "Why is everything JavaScript?" Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Feb 22 '24 Discussion of the Week: "Why is everything JavaScript?" # discuss # bestofdev # javascript # webdev 18 ย reactions Comments 6 ย comments 2 min read Featured Mod of the Month: Pachi Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Feb 22 '24 Featured Mod of the Month: Pachi # interview # meta # moderation # community 38 ย reactions Comments 10 ย comments 7 min read Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Feb 19 '24 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # top7 43 ย reactions Comments 5 ย comments 3 min read Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Funk, Soul, Disco, & Reggae Edition) Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow for The DEV Team Feb 19 '24 Music Monday โ What are you listening to? (Funk, Soul, Disco, & Reggae Edition) # watercooler # discuss # music 9 ย reactions Comments 25 ย comments 2 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/datalaria/proyecto-weather-service-parte-2-construyendo-el-frontend-interactivo-con-github-pages-o-netlify-3oc0#alojamiento-web-gratuito-github-pages-vs-netlify | Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at datalaria.com Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript # frontend # javascript # spanish # tutorial En la primera parte de esta serie , sentamos las bases de nuestro servicio meteorolรณgico global. Construimos un script de Python para obtener datos del clima de OpenWeatherMap, los almacenamos eficientemente en ficheros CSV separados por ciudad y automatizamos todo el proceso de recolecciรณn utilizando GitHub Actions. Nuestro "robot" estรก diligentemente recopilando datos 24/7. Pero, ยฟde quรฉ sirven los datos si no puedes verlos? Hoy, cambiamos nuestro enfoque al frontend : la construcciรณn de un dashboard interactivo y fรกcil de usar que permita a cualquiera explorar los datos meteorolรณgicos que hemos recopilado. Aprovecharemos el poder del alojamiento de sitios estรกticos con GitHub Pages o Netlify , utilizaremos JavaScript "vainilla" para darle vida y nos apoyaremos en algunas excelentes librerรญas para el manejo y la visualizaciรณn de datos. ยกHagamos que nuestros datos brillen! Alojamiento Web Gratuito: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify El primer obstรกculo para cualquier proyecto web es el alojamiento. Los servidores tradicionales pueden ser costosos y complejos de gestionar. Siguiendo nuestra filosofรญa "serverless y gratis", tanto GitHub Pages como Netlify son soluciones perfectas para alojar sitios web estรกticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. Opciรณn 1: GitHub Pages Permite alojar sitios web estรกticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. La activaciรณn es trivial: Ve a Settings > Pages en tu repositorio. Selecciona tu rama main (o la rama que contenga tu contenido web) como fuente. Elige la carpeta /root (o una carpeta /docs si lo prefieres) como la ubicaciรณn de tus archivos web. Haz clic en Save . Y asรญ, tu archivo index.html (y cualquier recurso vinculado) se vuelve accesible pรบblicamente en una URL como https://tu-usuario.github.io/tu-nombre-de-repositorio/ . ยกSencillo, efectivo y gratuito! ๐ Opciรณn 2: Netlify (ยกla elecciรณn final para este proyecto!) Para este proyecto, finalmente he optado por Netlify por su flexibilidad, la facilidad para gestionar dominios personalizados y su integraciรณn con el despliegue continuo. Ademรกs, me permite alojar el proyecto directamente bajo mi dominio de Datalaria ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Pasos para desplegar en Netlify: Conectar tu Repositorio : Inicia sesiรณn en Netlify. Haz clic en "Add new site" y luego en "Import an existing project". Conecta tu cuenta de GitHub y selecciona el repositorio de tu proyecto Weather Service. Configuraciรณn de Despliegue : Owner : Tu cuenta de GitHub. Branch to deploy : main (o la rama donde tengas tu cรณdigo frontend). Base directory : Deja esto vacรญo si tu index.html y assets estรกn en la raรญz del repositorio, o especifica una subcarpeta si es el caso (ej., /frontend ). Build command : Dรฉjalo vacรญo, ya que nuestro frontend es puramente estรกtico sin necesidad de un paso de build (sin frameworks como React/Vue). Publish directory : . (o la subcarpeta que contenga tus archivos estรกticos, ej., /frontend ). Desplegar Sitio : Haz clic en "Deploy site". Netlify tomarรก tu repositorio, lo desplegarรก y te proporcionarรก una URL aleatoria. Dominio Personalizado (Opcional pero recomendado) : Para usar un dominio como datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Ve a Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Sigue los pasos para aรฑadir tu dominio y configurarlo con los DNS de tu proveedor (aรฑadiendo registros CNAME o A ). Para la ruta especรญfica ( /apps/weather/ ), necesitarรกs configurar una "subcarpeta" o "base URL" en tu aplicaciรณn si no estรก directamente en la raรญz del dominio. En este caso, nuestro index.html estรก diseรฑado para ser servido desde una subruta. Netlify gestiona esto de forma transparente una vez que el sitio estรก desplegado y tu dominio configurado. ยกAsรญ de sencillo! Cada git push a tu rama configurada activarรก un nuevo despliegue en Netlify, manteniendo tu dashboard siempre actualizado. La Pila Tecnolรณgica del Frontend: HTML, CSS y JavaScript (con una pequeรฑa ayuda) Para este dashboard, optรฉ por un enfoque ligero: HTML puro para la estructura, un poco de CSS para los estilos y JavaScript "vainilla" (sin frameworks complejos) para la interactividad. Para manejar tareas especรญficas, incorporรฉ dos librerรญas fantรกsticas: PapaParse.js : El mejor parser de CSV del lado del cliente para el navegador. Es el puente entre nuestros archivos CSV en bruto y las estructuras de datos de JavaScript que necesitamos para la visualizaciรณn. Chart.js : Una potente y flexible librerรญa de grรกficos JavaScript que facilita enormemente la creaciรณn de grรกficos bonitos, responsivos e interactivos. La Lรณgica del Dashboard: Dando Vida a los Datos en index.html Nuestro index.html actรบa como el lienzo principal, orquestando la obtenciรณn, el parseo y la representaciรณn de los datos meteorolรณgicos. 1. Carga Dinรกmica de Ciudades En lugar de codificar una lista de ciudades, queremos que nuestro dashboard se actualice automรกticamente si aรฑadimos nuevas ciudades en el backend. Lo logramos obteniendo un simple archivo ciudades.txt (que contiene un nombre de ciudad por lรญnea) y poblando dinรกmicamente un elemento desplegable <select> utilizando la API fetch de JavaScript. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( ' citySelector ' ); let myChart = null ; // Variable global para almacenar la instancia de Chart.js async function cargarListaCiudades () { try { const response = await fetch ( ' ciudades.txt ' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filtramos las lรญneas vacรญas del archivo de texto const ciudades = text . split ( ' \n ' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); ciudades . forEach ( ciudad => { const option = document . createElement ( ' option ' ); option . value = ciudad ; option . textContent = ciudad ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Cargamos la primera ciudad por defecto al inicio de la pรกgina if ( ciudades . length > 0 ) { cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudades [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando la lista de ciudades: ' , error ); // Opcional: Mostrar un mensaje de error amigable al usuario } } // Disparamos la carga de ciudades cuando el DOM estรฉ completamente cargado document . addEventListener ( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , cargarListaCiudades ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Reacciรณn a la Selecciรณn del Usuario Cuando un usuario selecciona una ciudad del desplegable, necesitamos responder de inmediato. Un addEventListener en el elemento <select> detecta el evento change y llama a nuestra funciรณn principal para obtener y dibujar los datos de la ciudad reciรฉn seleccionada. citySelector . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { const ciudadSeleccionada = event . target . value ; cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudadSeleccionada ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Obtenciรณn, Parseo y Dibujado de Datos Esta es la funciรณn central donde todo cobra vida. Es responsable de: Construir la URL para el archivo CSV especรญfico de la ciudad (ej., datos/Leรณn.csv ). Utilizar Papa.parse para descargar y procesar el contenido del CSV directamente en el navegador. PapaParse maneja la obtenciรณn y el parseo asรญncronos, lo que lo hace increรญblemente fรกcil. Extraer las etiquetas (fechas) y los datos (temperaturas) relevantes del CSV parseado para Chart.js. ยกCrucial! : Antes de dibujar un nuevo grรกfico, debemos destruir la instancia anterior de Chart.js ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). ยกOlvidar este paso lleva a grรกficos superpuestos y problemas de rendimiento! ๐ฅ Crear una nueva instancia de Chart() con los datos actualizados. Adicionalmente, llama a una funciรณn para cargar y mostrar la predicciรณn de IA para esa ciudad, integrรกndola sin problemas en el dashboard. function cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudad ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ ciudad } .csv` ; // Nota la carpeta 'datos/' de la Parte 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( ' weatherChart ' ). getContext ( ' 2d ' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Indica a PapaParse que descargue el archivo header : true , // Trata la primera fila como encabezados skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const datosClimaticos = results . data ; // Extraer etiquetas (fechas) y datos (temperaturas) const etiquetas = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => fila . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extraer solo la fecha const tempMax = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_max_c )); const tempMin = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_min_c )); // Destruir la instancia de grรกfico anterior si existe para evitar superposiciones if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Crear una nueva instancia de Chart.js myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : ' line ' , data : { labels : etiquetas , datasets : [{ label : `Temp Mรกx (ยฐC) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMax , borderColor : ' rgb(255, 99, 132) ' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Temp Mรญn (ยฐC) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMin , borderColor : ' rgb(54, 162, 235) ' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Opciones del grรกfico para responsividad, tรญtulo, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : ' top ' }, title : { display : true , text : `Datos Histรณricos del Clima para ${ ciudad } ` } } } }); // Cargar y mostrar la predicciรณn de IA cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( " Error al parsear el CSV: " , err , file ); // Opcional: mostrar un mensaje de error amigable en el dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Limpiar grรกfico si falla la carga } }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Mostrar Predicciones de IA La integraciรณn de las predicciones de IA (en las que profundizaremos en la Parte 3) tambiรฉn se gestiona desde el frontend. El backend genera un archivo predicciones.json , y nuestro JavaScript simplemente obtiene este JSON, encuentra la predicciรณn para la ciudad seleccionada y la muestra. async function cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( ' prediction ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' predicciones.json ' ); const predicciones = await response . json (); if ( predicciones && predicciones [ ciudad ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Predicciรณn de Temp. Mรกx. para maรฑana: ${ predicciones [ ciudad ]. toFixed ( 1 )} ยฐC` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = ' Predicciรณn no disponible. ' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando predicciones: ' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = ' Error al cargar la predicciรณn. ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusiรณn (Parte 2) ยกHemos transformado los datos en bruto en una experiencia atractiva e interactiva! Al combinar el alojamiento estรกtico de GitHub Pages o Netlify, JavaScript "vainilla" para la lรณgica, PapaParse.js para el manejo de CSV y Chart.js para visualizaciones hermosas, hemos construido un frontend potente que es a la vez gratuito y muy efectivo. El dashboard ahora proporciona informaciรณn inmediata sobre los patrones climรกticos histรณricos de cualquier ciudad seleccionada. Pero, ยฟquรฉ pasa con el futuro? En la tercera y รบltima parte de esta serie , nos adentraremos en el emocionante mundo del Machine Learning para aรฑadir una capa predictiva a nuestro servicio. Exploraremos cรณmo usar datos histรณricos para pronosticar el tiempo de maรฑana, convirtiendo nuestro servicio en un verdadero "orรกculo" meteorolรณgico. ยกNo te lo pierdas! Referencias y Enlaces de Interรฉs: Servicio Web Completo : Puedes ver el resultado final de este proyecto en acciรณn aquรญ: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Repositorio GitHub del Proyecto : Explora el cรณdigo fuente y la estructura del proyecto en mi repositorio: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Parser de CSV rรกpido en el navegador para JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Grรกficos JavaScript simples pero flexibles para diseรฑadores y desarrolladores: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Documentaciรณn oficial sobre cรณmo alojar tus sitios: https://docs.github.com/es/pages Netlify : Pรกgina oficial de Netlify: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # frontend # javascript # tutorial # webdev Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/datalaria/proyecto-weather-service-parte-2-construyendo-el-frontend-interactivo-con-github-pages-o-netlify-3oc0#opci%C3%B3n-1-github-pages | Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 13 • Originally published at datalaria.com Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 2): Construyendo el Frontend Interactivo con GitHub Pages o Netlify y JavaScript # frontend # javascript # spanish # tutorial En la primera parte de esta serie , sentamos las bases de nuestro servicio meteorolรณgico global. Construimos un script de Python para obtener datos del clima de OpenWeatherMap, los almacenamos eficientemente en ficheros CSV separados por ciudad y automatizamos todo el proceso de recolecciรณn utilizando GitHub Actions. Nuestro "robot" estรก diligentemente recopilando datos 24/7. Pero, ยฟde quรฉ sirven los datos si no puedes verlos? Hoy, cambiamos nuestro enfoque al frontend : la construcciรณn de un dashboard interactivo y fรกcil de usar que permita a cualquiera explorar los datos meteorolรณgicos que hemos recopilado. Aprovecharemos el poder del alojamiento de sitios estรกticos con GitHub Pages o Netlify , utilizaremos JavaScript "vainilla" para darle vida y nos apoyaremos en algunas excelentes librerรญas para el manejo y la visualizaciรณn de datos. ยกHagamos que nuestros datos brillen! Alojamiento Web Gratuito: GitHub Pages vs. Netlify El primer obstรกculo para cualquier proyecto web es el alojamiento. Los servidores tradicionales pueden ser costosos y complejos de gestionar. Siguiendo nuestra filosofรญa "serverless y gratis", tanto GitHub Pages como Netlify son soluciones perfectas para alojar sitios web estรกticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. Opciรณn 1: GitHub Pages Permite alojar sitios web estรกticos directamente desde tu repositorio de GitHub. La activaciรณn es trivial: Ve a Settings > Pages en tu repositorio. Selecciona tu rama main (o la rama que contenga tu contenido web) como fuente. Elige la carpeta /root (o una carpeta /docs si lo prefieres) como la ubicaciรณn de tus archivos web. Haz clic en Save . Y asรญ, tu archivo index.html (y cualquier recurso vinculado) se vuelve accesible pรบblicamente en una URL como https://tu-usuario.github.io/tu-nombre-de-repositorio/ . ยกSencillo, efectivo y gratuito! ๐ Opciรณn 2: Netlify (ยกla elecciรณn final para este proyecto!) Para este proyecto, finalmente he optado por Netlify por su flexibilidad, la facilidad para gestionar dominios personalizados y su integraciรณn con el despliegue continuo. Ademรกs, me permite alojar el proyecto directamente bajo mi dominio de Datalaria ( https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ ). Pasos para desplegar en Netlify: Conectar tu Repositorio : Inicia sesiรณn en Netlify. Haz clic en "Add new site" y luego en "Import an existing project". Conecta tu cuenta de GitHub y selecciona el repositorio de tu proyecto Weather Service. Configuraciรณn de Despliegue : Owner : Tu cuenta de GitHub. Branch to deploy : main (o la rama donde tengas tu cรณdigo frontend). Base directory : Deja esto vacรญo si tu index.html y assets estรกn en la raรญz del repositorio, o especifica una subcarpeta si es el caso (ej., /frontend ). Build command : Dรฉjalo vacรญo, ya que nuestro frontend es puramente estรกtico sin necesidad de un paso de build (sin frameworks como React/Vue). Publish directory : . (o la subcarpeta que contenga tus archivos estรกticos, ej., /frontend ). Desplegar Sitio : Haz clic en "Deploy site". Netlify tomarรก tu repositorio, lo desplegarรก y te proporcionarรก una URL aleatoria. Dominio Personalizado (Opcional pero recomendado) : Para usar un dominio como datalaria.com/apps/weather/ : Ve a Site settings > Domain management > Domains > Add a custom domain . Sigue los pasos para aรฑadir tu dominio y configurarlo con los DNS de tu proveedor (aรฑadiendo registros CNAME o A ). Para la ruta especรญfica ( /apps/weather/ ), necesitarรกs configurar una "subcarpeta" o "base URL" en tu aplicaciรณn si no estรก directamente en la raรญz del dominio. En este caso, nuestro index.html estรก diseรฑado para ser servido desde una subruta. Netlify gestiona esto de forma transparente una vez que el sitio estรก desplegado y tu dominio configurado. ยกAsรญ de sencillo! Cada git push a tu rama configurada activarรก un nuevo despliegue en Netlify, manteniendo tu dashboard siempre actualizado. La Pila Tecnolรณgica del Frontend: HTML, CSS y JavaScript (con una pequeรฑa ayuda) Para este dashboard, optรฉ por un enfoque ligero: HTML puro para la estructura, un poco de CSS para los estilos y JavaScript "vainilla" (sin frameworks complejos) para la interactividad. Para manejar tareas especรญficas, incorporรฉ dos librerรญas fantรกsticas: PapaParse.js : El mejor parser de CSV del lado del cliente para el navegador. Es el puente entre nuestros archivos CSV en bruto y las estructuras de datos de JavaScript que necesitamos para la visualizaciรณn. Chart.js : Una potente y flexible librerรญa de grรกficos JavaScript que facilita enormemente la creaciรณn de grรกficos bonitos, responsivos e interactivos. La Lรณgica del Dashboard: Dando Vida a los Datos en index.html Nuestro index.html actรบa como el lienzo principal, orquestando la obtenciรณn, el parseo y la representaciรณn de los datos meteorolรณgicos. 1. Carga Dinรกmica de Ciudades En lugar de codificar una lista de ciudades, queremos que nuestro dashboard se actualice automรกticamente si aรฑadimos nuevas ciudades en el backend. Lo logramos obteniendo un simple archivo ciudades.txt (que contiene un nombre de ciudad por lรญnea) y poblando dinรกmicamente un elemento desplegable <select> utilizando la API fetch de JavaScript. const citySelector = document . getElementById ( ' citySelector ' ); let myChart = null ; // Variable global para almacenar la instancia de Chart.js async function cargarListaCiudades () { try { const response = await fetch ( ' ciudades.txt ' ); const text = await response . text (); // Filtramos las lรญneas vacรญas del archivo de texto const ciudades = text . split ( ' \n ' ). filter ( line => line . trim () !== '' ); ciudades . forEach ( ciudad => { const option = document . createElement ( ' option ' ); option . value = ciudad ; option . textContent = ciudad ; citySelector . appendChild ( option ); }); // Cargamos la primera ciudad por defecto al inicio de la pรกgina if ( ciudades . length > 0 ) { cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudades [ 0 ]); } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando la lista de ciudades: ' , error ); // Opcional: Mostrar un mensaje de error amigable al usuario } } // Disparamos la carga de ciudades cuando el DOM estรฉ completamente cargado document . addEventListener ( ' DOMContentLoaded ' , cargarListaCiudades ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Reacciรณn a la Selecciรณn del Usuario Cuando un usuario selecciona una ciudad del desplegable, necesitamos responder de inmediato. Un addEventListener en el elemento <select> detecta el evento change y llama a nuestra funciรณn principal para obtener y dibujar los datos de la ciudad reciรฉn seleccionada. citySelector . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { const ciudadSeleccionada = event . target . value ; cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudadSeleccionada ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Obtenciรณn, Parseo y Dibujado de Datos Esta es la funciรณn central donde todo cobra vida. Es responsable de: Construir la URL para el archivo CSV especรญfico de la ciudad (ej., datos/Leรณn.csv ). Utilizar Papa.parse para descargar y procesar el contenido del CSV directamente en el navegador. PapaParse maneja la obtenciรณn y el parseo asรญncronos, lo que lo hace increรญblemente fรกcil. Extraer las etiquetas (fechas) y los datos (temperaturas) relevantes del CSV parseado para Chart.js. ยกCrucial! : Antes de dibujar un nuevo grรกfico, debemos destruir la instancia anterior de Chart.js ( if (myChart) { myChart.destroy(); } ). ยกOlvidar este paso lleva a grรกficos superpuestos y problemas de rendimiento! ๐ฅ Crear una nueva instancia de Chart() con los datos actualizados. Adicionalmente, llama a una funciรณn para cargar y mostrar la predicciรณn de IA para esa ciudad, integrรกndola sin problemas en el dashboard. function cargarYDibujarDatos ( ciudad ) { const csvUrl = `datos/ ${ ciudad } .csv` ; // Nota la carpeta 'datos/' de la Parte 1 const ctx = document . getElementById ( ' weatherChart ' ). getContext ( ' 2d ' ); Papa . parse ( csvUrl , { download : true , // Indica a PapaParse que descargue el archivo header : true , // Trata la primera fila como encabezados skipEmptyLines : true , complete : function ( results ) { const datosClimaticos = results . data ; // Extraer etiquetas (fechas) y datos (temperaturas) const etiquetas = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => fila . fecha_hora . split ( ' ' )[ 0 ]); // Extraer solo la fecha const tempMax = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_max_c )); const tempMin = datosClimaticos . map ( fila => parseFloat ( fila . temp_min_c )); // Destruir la instancia de grรกfico anterior si existe para evitar superposiciones if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Crear una nueva instancia de Chart.js myChart = new Chart ( ctx , { type : ' line ' , data : { labels : etiquetas , datasets : [{ label : `Temp Mรกx (ยฐC) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMax , borderColor : ' rgb(255, 99, 132) ' , tension : 0.1 }, { label : `Temp Mรญn (ยฐC) - ${ ciudad } ` , data : tempMin , borderColor : ' rgb(54, 162, 235) ' , tension : 0.1 }] }, options : { // Opciones del grรกfico para responsividad, tรญtulo, etc. responsive : true , maintainAspectRatio : false , scales : { y : { beginAtZero : false } }, plugins : { legend : { position : ' top ' }, title : { display : true , text : `Datos Histรณricos del Clima para ${ ciudad } ` } } } }); // Cargar y mostrar la predicciรณn de IA cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ); }, error : function ( err , file ) { console . error ( " Error al parsear el CSV: " , err , file ); // Opcional: mostrar un mensaje de error amigable en el dashboard if ( myChart ) { myChart . destroy (); } // Limpiar grรกfico si falla la carga } }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Mostrar Predicciones de IA La integraciรณn de las predicciones de IA (en las que profundizaremos en la Parte 3) tambiรฉn se gestiona desde el frontend. El backend genera un archivo predicciones.json , y nuestro JavaScript simplemente obtiene este JSON, encuentra la predicciรณn para la ciudad seleccionada y la muestra. async function cargarPrediccion ( ciudad ) { const predictionElement = document . getElementById ( ' prediction ' ); try { const response = await fetch ( ' predicciones.json ' ); const predicciones = await response . json (); if ( predicciones && predicciones [ ciudad ]) { predictionElement . textContent = `Predicciรณn de Temp. Mรกx. para maรฑana: ${ predicciones [ ciudad ]. toFixed ( 1 )} ยฐC` ; } else { predictionElement . textContent = ' Predicciรณn no disponible. ' ; } } catch ( error ) { console . error ( ' Error cargando predicciones: ' , error ); predictionElement . textContent = ' Error al cargar la predicciรณn. ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusiรณn (Parte 2) ยกHemos transformado los datos en bruto en una experiencia atractiva e interactiva! Al combinar el alojamiento estรกtico de GitHub Pages o Netlify, JavaScript "vainilla" para la lรณgica, PapaParse.js para el manejo de CSV y Chart.js para visualizaciones hermosas, hemos construido un frontend potente que es a la vez gratuito y muy efectivo. El dashboard ahora proporciona informaciรณn inmediata sobre los patrones climรกticos histรณricos de cualquier ciudad seleccionada. Pero, ยฟquรฉ pasa con el futuro? En la tercera y รบltima parte de esta serie , nos adentraremos en el emocionante mundo del Machine Learning para aรฑadir una capa predictiva a nuestro servicio. Exploraremos cรณmo usar datos histรณricos para pronosticar el tiempo de maรฑana, convirtiendo nuestro servicio en un verdadero "orรกculo" meteorolรณgico. ยกNo te lo pierdas! Referencias y Enlaces de Interรฉs: Servicio Web Completo : Puedes ver el resultado final de este proyecto en acciรณn aquรญ: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Repositorio GitHub del Proyecto : Explora el cรณdigo fuente y la estructura del proyecto en mi repositorio: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather PapaParse.js : Parser de CSV rรกpido en el navegador para JavaScript: https://www.papaparse.com/ Chart.js : Grรกficos JavaScript simples pero flexibles para diseรฑadores y desarrolladores: https://www.chartjs.org/ GitHub Pages : Documentaciรณn oficial sobre cรณmo alojar tus sitios: https://docs.github.com/es/pages Netlify : Pรกgina oficial de Netlify: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Datalaria Follow More from Datalaria Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # frontend # javascript # tutorial # webdev Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # portfolio Follow Hide Getting feedback on and discussing portfolio strategies Create Post Older #portfolio posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How I Built a Portfolio That Makes Recruiters Actually Stop and Look Pavel Piuro Pavel Piuro Pavel Piuro Follow Dec 25 '25 How I Built a Portfolio That Makes Recruiters Actually Stop and Look # discuss # webdev # programming # portfolio Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Mathematical Creativity on an ML researcher's portfolio Michael Tunwashe Michael Tunwashe Michael Tunwashe Follow Jan 6 Mathematical Creativity on an ML researcher's portfolio # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 3 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 2 min read From Jury Services to AI Builder in 6 Months L. Cordero L. Cordero L. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # privacy Follow Hide Create Post Older #privacy posts 1 2 3 Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Developer's Guide to Actually Private Apps: No Cloud, No Analytics, No Tracking Karol Burdziลski Karol Burdziลski Karol Burdziลski Follow Dec 28 '25 The Developer's Guide to Actually Private Apps: No Cloud, No Analytics, No Tracking # security # privacy # mobile # flutter 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 19 min read Why I Built a 100% Private File Converter Using WebAssembly (No Server Uploads) Azeem Mustafa Azeem Mustafa Azeem Mustafa Follow Dec 28 '25 Why I Built a 100% Private File Converter Using WebAssembly (No Server Uploads) # webdev # javascript # privacy # webassembly Comments Addย Comment 2 min read SecureBitChat Desktop Is Here Volodymyr Volodymyr Volodymyr Follow Dec 29 '25 SecureBitChat Desktop Is Here # showdev # privacy # rust # opensource Comments Addย Comment 2 min read the modern full stack choice THIYAGARAJAN varadharajan THIYAGARAJAN varadharajan THIYAGARAJAN varadharajan Follow Dec 28 '25 the modern full stack choice # ai # privacy # productivity Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Iโm tired of calling glued-together scripts โworkflow automationโ Felix Schultz Felix Schultz Felix Schultz Follow Dec 27 '25 Iโm tired of calling glued-together scripts โworkflow automationโ # rust # tooling # privacy # ai 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 3 min read 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condรฉ Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders Ed Ed Ed Follow Dec 28 '25 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condรฉ Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders # leadership # privacy # security Comments Addย Comment 5 min read How to Quickly Diagnose Network Issues Using Browser-Based Tools myip casa myip casa myip casa Follow Dec 27 '25 How to Quickly Diagnose Network Issues Using Browser-Based Tools # security # webdev # privacy # networking Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Is This the Most Private Way to Track Your Life? Dashboard of Life. techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 27 '25 Is This the Most Private Way to Track Your Life? Dashboard of Life. # showdev # tooling # privacy # productivity 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Follow Dec 29 '25 I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks # showdev # webdev # javascript # privacy 3 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Is Your AI Agent a Compliance Risk? How to Find Violations Hidden in Traces shashank agarwal shashank agarwal shashank agarwal Follow Dec 26 '25 Is Your AI Agent a Compliance Risk? How to Find Violations Hidden in Traces # privacy # agents # security # ai Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Stop Uploading Your Thoughts: A 100% Private, Local-First Sticky Notes Browser Tool techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 26 '25 Stop Uploading Your Thoughts: A 100% Private, Local-First Sticky Notes Browser Tool # showdev # privacy # webdev # productivity 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Decentralized Finance's Biggest Vulnerability: Why Private Key Management Can't Stay Private sid sid sid Follow Dec 25 '25 Decentralized Finance's Biggest Vulnerability: Why Private Key Management Can't Stay Private # privacy # web3 # blockchain # security 1 ย reaction Comments 2 ย comments 4 min read Launched: Pain Tracker v1.0.0 (Open Source, Local-First, Trauma-Informed) CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 25 '25 Launched: Pain Tracker v1.0.0 (Open Source, Local-First, Trauma-Informed) # showdev # opensource # react # privacy Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Recreate Physical Calendar Notes Digitally โ With Absolute Privacy techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 25 '25 Recreate Physical Calendar Notes Digitally โ With Absolute Privacy # showdev # productivity # privacy # webdev 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Follow Dec 24 '25 I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks # showdev # webdev # javascript # privacy Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Why I Built a Client-Side Alternative to Common Dev Tools Sam T Sam T Sam T Follow Dec 29 '25 Why I Built a Client-Side Alternative to Common Dev Tools # showdev # webdev # privacy # productivity Comments 1 ย comment 2 min read Verifiable Compute for Onchain Prop Trading: How Carrotfunding Uses ROFL Manav Manav Manav Follow Dec 25 '25 Verifiable Compute for Onchain Prop Trading: How Carrotfunding Uses ROFL # web3 # blockchain # privacy # proptrading 2 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 2 min read x402: Turning HTTP 402 into a Real Payment Primitive Manav Manav Manav Follow Dec 25 '25 x402: Turning HTTP 402 into a Real Payment Primitive # privacy # blockchain # web3 # http 1 ย reaction Comments 2 ย comments 3 min read Why Oasis Is Backing Custody-Native Credit Infrastructure Manav Manav Manav Follow Dec 25 '25 Why Oasis Is Backing Custody-Native Credit Infrastructure # privacy # web3 # blockchain # infrastructure 2 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 2 min read Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Follow Dec 28 '25 Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI # machinelearning # architecture # privacy # devops Comments Addย Comment 3 min read No Complex Regular Expressions Required: The New SLS Data Masking Function Makes Privacy Protection Simpler and More Efficient ObservabilityGuy ObservabilityGuy ObservabilityGuy Follow Dec 24 '25 No Complex Regular Expressions Required: The New SLS Data Masking Function Makes Privacy Protection Simpler and More Efficient # data # privacy # tooling # cybersecurity Comments Addย Comment 7 min read I built a "Privacy Firewall" for ChatGPT using Next.js 15 & WebAssembly (100% Offline) Arpit Singhal Arpit Singhal Arpit Singhal Follow Dec 23 '25 I built a "Privacy Firewall" for ChatGPT using Next.js 15 & WebAssembly (100% Offline) # showdev # nextjs # privacy # webdev 1 ย reaction Comments 1 ย comment 2 min read Midnight โ The 4th-Generation Privacy Blockchain Bringing "Rational Privacy" to Developers | Introducing midnightexplorer.com Midnight Network Challenge: Enhance the Ecosystem Minh Le Dinh Minh Le Dinh Minh Le Dinh Follow Dec 29 '25 Midnight โ The 4th-Generation Privacy Blockchain Bringing "Rational Privacy" to Developers | Introducing midnightexplorer.com # midnightchallenge # zk # privacy 5 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Tokenomics' Hidden Flaw: Why Economic Models Need Privacy to Prevent Manipulation sid sid sid Follow Dec 25 '25 Tokenomics' Hidden Flaw: Why Economic Models Need Privacy to Prevent Manipulation # privacy # web3 # blockchain # security 1 ย reaction Comments 2 ย comments 5 min read Healthcare Data Breaches Have Become Cost Centers, Not Emergencies ZB25 ZB25 ZB25 Follow Dec 24 '25 Healthcare Data Breaches Have Become Cost Centers, Not Emergencies # cybersecurity # healthcare # databreach # privacy Comments Addย Comment 6 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://core.forem.com/privacy#a-information-you-provide-to-us-directly | Privacy Policy - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" โ we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws.ย 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core โ Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/extrabright | Alexis Enache - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Alexis Enache Running on code, gymming on loops | Creator of Webpixels | Working on AgainstData Location ๐ Joined Joined onย Feb 1, 2020 Personal website https://x.com/alexisenache github website twitter website Work Co-Founder and Developer at Webpixels Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @extrabright Organizations Webpixels AgainstData Skills/Languages Back-end w/ Laravel Front-End w/ Next.js Database w/ SQL User Interface w/ Bootstrap Currently hacking on Working on Webpixels, a library of production-ready components and templates for building high-quality websites and apps, and AgainstData, your digital assistant that adds superpowers to your inbox. Post 11 posts published Comment 11 comments written Tag 13 tags followed Pin Pinned Meet Webpixels 2.0 Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow for Webpixels Jun 2 '22 Meet Webpixels 2.0 # showdev # webdev # bootstrap # startup 2 ย reactions Comments 4 ย comments 2 min read What's new in Webpixels v3 Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow Jan 12 What's new in Webpixels v3 # webdev # programming # ai # productivity Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Want to connect with Alexis Enache? Create an account to connect with Alexis Enache. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Top 9 unsubscribe apps and email cleaners helping you achieve inbox-zero Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow for AgainstData Aug 14 '24 Top 9 unsubscribe apps and email cleaners helping you achieve inbox-zero # news # privacy # productivity # startup Comments Addย Comment 11 min read Build your app 10x faster with Webpixels CSS and Bootstrap Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow for Webpixels Oct 11 '22 Build your app 10x faster with Webpixels CSS and Bootstrap # webdev # beginners # opensource # css 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Free and open-source Bootstrap dashboard kit Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow for Webpixels Feb 10 '22 Free and open-source Bootstrap dashboard kit # bootstrap # webdev # opensource # productivity 6 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 3 min read 11ty: Inject SVG code using Shortcodes Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow Jan 6 '22 11ty: Inject SVG code using Shortcodes # 100daysofcode # webdev # javascript # tutorial 6 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 1 min read Build JAMstack-ready sites with Bootstrap and Eleventy Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow for Webpixels Jan 5 '22 Build JAMstack-ready sites with Bootstrap and Eleventy # tutorial # webdev # 100daysofcode # bootstrap 12 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 7 min read Extending Bootstrap components using utility classes only, just like Tailwind Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow for Webpixels Dec 9 '21 Extending Bootstrap components using utility classes only, just like Tailwind # bootstrap # webdev # tutorial # tailwindcss 16 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 3 min read 5+ Bootstrap chat templates for building modern messaging user interfaces Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow for Webpixels Sep 30 '21 5+ Bootstrap chat templates for building modern messaging user interfaces # webdev # html # css # weeklyui 20 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 2 min read Build modern landing pages that convert with the best ready-made Bootstrap templates Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow for Webpixels Sep 6 '21 Build modern landing pages that convert with the best ready-made Bootstrap templates # bootstrap # frontend # development # design 9 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Build modern authentication screens with Laravel 8 and Bootstrap 5 Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Alexis Enache Follow for Webpixels May 23 '21 Build modern authentication screens with Laravel 8 and Bootstrap 5 # bootstrap # laravel # dashboard # tutorial 28 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 10 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://postara.io/ | Postara - Move your sketches, Not your slides. Postara Sign In Get Started Sketch Logic. Export Motion. The zero-config animation engine. Drag this text to test the physics. Start Building TRY DRAGGING THE UI How it works Turn your static drawings into dynamic stories in four simple stepsโautomatically. 0 1 Set Your Stage Initialize your frame size to define your storytelling canvas. Choose the perfect aspect ratio for your audience. 0 2 Sketch Your Ideas Draw, type, or add elements. Create your scene freely using our intuitive tools just like you would on paper. 0 3 Evolve Your Story Add a new frame, move items, or delete them. Our engine tracks your changes to create seamless transitions. 0 4 Present & Animate Hit 'Present' and watch your story come to life. Our engine automatically interpolates the changes between frames. Simple, transparent pricing Start for free, upgrade when you need more. No hidden fees, cancel anytime. Free Perfect for trying out Postara. $0 /month 3 Projects Full Excalidraw Canvas Smart Morphing Transitions Presentation Playback Get Started Popular Pro For creators who want more. $5 /month Unlimited Stories Priority Support Beta Access Export Features 30-Day Money Back Guarantee Subscribe Now All prices are in USD. Secure payment via Stripe. Ready to stop explaining and start showing? Get Started for Free Frequently Asked Questions Everything you need to know about Postara. How does the 'Magic Move' work? Can I export to different formats? Is there a limit to how many stories I can have? Do I need to know how to draw? Postara ยฉ 2025 Dili Ltd. All rights reserved. Pricing FAQ Privacy Terms Twitter | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://core.forem.com/privacy#11-other-provisions | Privacy Policy - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" โ we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws.ย 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # portfolio Follow Hide Getting feedback on and discussing portfolio strategies Create Post Older #portfolio posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Angular - Standalone Component - With Portfolio Example Milan Karajovic Milan Karajovic Milan Karajovic Follow Dec 11 '25 Angular - Standalone Component - With Portfolio Example # angular # standalone # portfolio Comments Addย Comment 2 min read CSSDA Award for Developer Portfolio Kiarash Kiarash Kiarash Follow Dec 9 '25 CSSDA Award for Developer Portfolio # programming # portfolio # software # career Comments Addย Comment 1 min read The Anthology of a Creative Developer: A 2026 Portfolio Nitish Nitish Nitish Follow Jan 2 The Anthology of a Creative Developer: A 2026 Portfolio # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 34 ย reactions Comments 11 ย comments 2 min read Nobody was interested in my portfolio, so I made everyone play it instead. Google AI Challenge Submission Danial Jumagaliyev Danial Jumagaliyev Danial Jumagaliyev Follow Jan 5 Nobody was interested in my portfolio, so I made everyone play it instead. # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 13 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 7 min read Built a lightweight client sign-off tool sharing the tech stack and design decisions (beta) sudarshan161219 sudarshan161219 sudarshan161219 Follow Jan 5 Built a lightweight client sign-off tool sharing the tech stack and design decisions (beta) # webdev # sideprojects # portfolio # react 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 1 min read A Portfolio Powered by Gemini & Antigravity Emerson Vieira Emerson Vieira Emerson Vieira Follow Jan 3 A Portfolio Powered by Gemini & Antigravity # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 1 ย reaction Comments 1 ย comment 2 min read Building a Digital Menu System for Restaurants โ Personal Project Jose Filipe Oliveira Pereira Jose Filipe Oliveira Pereira Jose Filipe Oliveira Pereira Follow Dec 16 '25 Building a Digital Menu System for Restaurants โ Personal Project # java # springboot # reactnative # portfolio 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read My Journey as a Software Development Engineer โ Alan Babychan Alan Babychan Alan Babychan Alan Babychan Follow Jan 6 My Journey as a Software Development Engineer โ Alan Babychan # softwareengineering # webdev # career # portfolio 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Experience-First Portfolio: A New Approach to Showcasing Engineering Skills Mohsin Ali Mohsin Ali Mohsin Ali Follow Jan 1 Experience-First Portfolio: A New Approach to Showcasing Engineering Skills # portfolio # career # softwareengineering # ux 1 ย reaction Comments 1 ย comment 6 min read Why I Ditched Terminal UIs for Recruiters Shreyan Ghosh Shreyan Ghosh Shreyan Ghosh Follow Dec 20 '25 Why I Ditched Terminal UIs for Recruiters # portfolio # frontend # career # webdev 6 ย reactions Comments 4 ย comments 2 min read I turned my portfolio into a Windows 98 desktop (and it actually works) Enrique Uribe Enrique Uribe Enrique Uribe Follow Jan 5 I turned my portfolio into a Windows 98 desktop (and it actually works) # webdev # portfolio # javascript # css 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Why We Don't Tell You What to Build (FrontendCheck) Claudia Nadalin Claudia Nadalin Claudia Nadalin Follow Jan 4 Why We Don't Tell You What to Build (FrontendCheck) # architecture # career # learning # portfolio 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 4 min read A Terminal-Inspired Portfolio of Shipped and Researched Products (2026) Google AI Challenge Submission Simangaliso Vilakazi Simangaliso Vilakazi Simangaliso Vilakazi Follow Jan 2 A Terminal-Inspired Portfolio of Shipped and Researched Products (2026) # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 22 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Md Ismail Portfolio โ My Journey as a Web & AI Developer Md Ismail Md Ismail Md Ismail Follow Dec 14 '25 Md Ismail Portfolio โ My Journey as a Web & AI Developer # webdev # programming # portfolio # ai Comments 1 ย comment 1 min read Crafting Conversational Experiences: A Generative UI Portfolio Built with Gemini Google AI Challenge Submission Exson Joseph Exson Joseph Exson Joseph Follow Jan 3 Crafting Conversational Experiences: A Generative UI Portfolio Built with Gemini # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 5 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 2 min read From a 30-Minute AI Build to a Real Portfolio That Tells My Story Google AI Challenge Submission Muskan Fatima Muskan Fatima Muskan Fatima Follow Jan 4 From a 30-Minute AI Build to a Real Portfolio That Tells My Story # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 4 ย reactions Comments 4 ย comments 2 min read New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge - Samarth Shendre Samarth Shendre Samarth Shendre Samarth Shendre Follow Jan 3 New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge - Samarth Shendre # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read ๐ ReactJS Developer Portfolio | A Modern Personal Portfolio Reactjs Guru Reactjs Guru Reactjs Guru Follow Jan 3 ๐ ReactJS Developer Portfolio | A Modern Personal Portfolio # tailwindcss # portfolio # opensource # react 4 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 1 min read AI Study Portfolio โ Helping Students Study Smarter with Google AI Shakiba alam Shakiba alam Shakiba alam Follow Jan 2 AI Study Portfolio โ Helping Students Study Smarter with Google AI # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini Comments 1 ย comment 1 min read Create portfolio and win Prize Google AI Challenge Submission Rahuys Rahuys Rahuys Follow Jan 2 Create portfolio and win Prize # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read "New Year, New You" Portfolio Challenge Hemanth Chandran Hemanth Chandran Hemanth Chandran Follow Jan 2 "New Year, New You" Portfolio Challenge # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # portfolio # gemini 4 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 2 min read My Experimental Portfolio is Live! ๐ Saurabh Kumar Saurabh Kumar Saurabh Kumar Follow Dec 31 '25 My Experimental Portfolio is Live! ๐ # portfolio # webdev # frontend # javascript 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 1 min read sahilpreet.in Sahil Bhullar Sahil Bhullar Sahil Bhullar Follow Nov 28 '25 sahilpreet.in # webdev # portfolio # ai # javascript Comments Addย Comment 1 min read I built my Portfolio as a Computer Engineer. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Performance Follow Hide Tag for content related to software performance. Create Post submission guidelines Articles should be obviously related to software performance in some way. Possible topics include, but are not limited to: Performance Testing Performance Analysis Optimising for performance Scalability Resilience But most of all, be kind and humble. ๐ Older #performance posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu CDN vs. No CDN: Which Works Best for High-Traffic WordPress Sites? Nikita Heroxhost Nikita Heroxhost Nikita Heroxhost Follow Dec 26 '25 CDN vs. No CDN: Which Works Best for High-Traffic WordPress Sites? # architecture # performance # wordpress # networking Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Understanding Big O Notation in Python: A Practical Guide Brent Ochieng Brent Ochieng Brent Ochieng Follow Dec 30 '25 Understanding Big O Notation in Python: A Practical Guide # algorithms # computerscience # python # performance 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 8 min read CDN vs. No CDN: Which Works Best for High-Traffic WordPress Sites? 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https://dev.to/ruppysuppy/redux-vs-context-api-when-to-use-them-4k3p#thanks-for-reading | Redux vs Context API: When to use them - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tapajyoti Bose Posted on Nov 28, 2021 • Edited on Mar 1, 2025 Redux vs Context API: When to use them # redux # react # javascript # webdev The simplest way to pass data from a parent to a child in a React Application is by passing it on to the child's props . But an issue arises when a deeply nested child requires data from a component higher up in the tree . If we pass on the data through the props , every single one of the children would be required to accept the data and pass it on to its child , leading to prop drilling , a terrible practice in the world of React. To solve the prop drilling issue, we have State Management Solutions like Context API and Redux. But which one of them is best suited for your application? Today we are going to answer this age-old question! What is the Context API? Let's check the official documentation: In a typical React application, data is passed top-down (parent to child) via props, but such usage can be cumbersome for certain types of props (e.g. locale preference, UI theme) that are required by many components within an application. Context provides a way to share values like these between components without having to explicitly pass a prop through every level of the tree. Context API is a built-in React tool that does not influence the final bundle size, and is integrated by design. To use the Context API , you have to: Create the Context const Context = createContext ( MockData ); Create a Provider for the Context const Parent = () => { return ( < Context . Provider value = { initialValue } > < Children /> < /Context.Provider > ) } Consume the data in the Context const Child = () => { const contextData = useContext ( Context ); // use the data // ... } So What is Redux? Of course, let's head over to the documentation: Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps. It helps you write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test. On top of that, it provides a great developer experience, such as live code editing combined with a time-traveling debugger. You can use Redux together with React, or with any other view library. It is tiny (2kB, including dependencies), but has a large ecosystem of addons available. Redux is an Open Source Library which provides a central store , and actions to modify the store . It can be used with any project using JavaScript or TypeScript , but since we are comparing it to Context API , so we will stick to React-based Applications . To use Redux you need to: Create a Reducer import { createSlice } from " @reduxjs/toolkit " ; export const slice = createSlice ({ name : " slice-name " , initialState : { // ... }, reducers : { func01 : ( state ) => { // ... }, } }); export const { func01 } = slice . actions ; export default slice . reducer ; Configure the Store import { configureStore } from " @reduxjs/toolkit " ; import reducer from " ./reducer " ; export default configureStore ({ reducer : { reducer : reducer } }); Make the Store available for data consumption import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import { Provider } from ' react-redux ' ; import App from ' ./App.jsx ' import store from ' ./store ' ; ReactDOM . render ( < Provider store = { store } > < App /> < /Provider> , document . getElementById ( " root " ) ); Use State or Dispatch Actions import { useSelector , useDispatch } from ' react-redux ' ; import { func01 } from ' ./redux/reducer ' ; const Component = () => { const reducerState = useSelector (( state ) => state . reducer ); const dispatch = useDispatch (); const doSomething = () = > dispatch ( func01 ) return ( <> { /* ... */ } < / > ); } export default Component ; That's all Phew! As you can see, Redux requires way more work to get it set up. Comparing Redux & Context API Context API Redux Built-in tool that ships with React Additional installation Required, driving up the final bundle size Requires minimal Setup Requires extensive setup to integrate it with a React Application Specifically designed for static data, that is not often refreshed or updated Works like a charm with both static and dynamic data Adding new contexts requires creation from scratch Easily extendible due to the ease of adding new data/actions after the initial setup Debugging can be hard in highly nested React Component Structure even with Dev Tool Incredibly powerful Redux Dev Tools to ease debugging UI logic and State Management Logic are in the same component Better code organization with separate UI logic and State Management Logic From the table, you must be able to comprehend where the popular opinion Redux is for large projects & Context API for small ones come from. Both are excellent tools for their own specific niche, Redux is overkill just to pass data from parent to child & Context API truly shines in this case. When you have a lot of dynamic data Redux got your back! So you no longer have to that guy who goes: Wrapping Up In this article, we went through what is Redux and Context API and their differences. We learned, Context API is a light-weight solution which is more suited for passing data from a parent to a deeply nested child and Redux is a more robust State Management solution . Happy Developing! Thanks for reading Need a Top Rated Software Development Freelancer to chop away your development woes? Contact me on Upwork Want to see what I am working on? Check out my Personal Website and GitHub Want to connect? Reach out to me on LinkedIn Follow my blogs for bi-weekly new Tidbits on Medium FAQ These are a few commonly asked questions I get. So, I hope this FAQ section solves your issues. I am a beginner, how should I learn Front-End Web Dev? Look into the following articles: Front End Buzz words Front End Development Roadmap Front End Project Ideas Transition from a Beginner to an Intermediate Frontend Developer Would you mentor me? Sorry, I am already under a lot of workload and would not have the time to mentor anyone. Top comments (38) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You are referring to a style of Redux there that is not the recommended style of writing Redux for over two years now. Modern Redux looks very differently and is about 1/4 of the code. It does not use switch..case reducers, ACTION_TYPES or createStore and is a lot easier to set up than what you are used to. I'd highly recommend going through the official Redux tutorial and maybe updating this article afterwards. Like comment: Like comment: 41 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 • Edited on Nov 28 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for pointing it out, please take a look now Its great to have one of the creators of Redux reviewing my article! Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Now the Redux portion looks okay for me - as for the comparison, I'd still say it doesn't 100% stand as the two examples just do very different things - the Context example only takes initialValue from somewhere and passes it down the tree, but you don't even have code to change that value ever in the future. So if you add code for that (and also pass down an option to change that data), you will probably already here get to a point where the Context is already more code than the Redux solution. Like comment: Like comment: 9 likes Like Thread Thread Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm not entirely sure whether I agree on this point. Using context with data update would only take 4 more lines: Function in Mock data useState in the Parent Update handler in initialValue Using the update handler in the Child Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In the end, it usually ends up as quite some more code - see kentcdodds.com/blog/how-to-use-rea... for example. But just taking your examples side by side: Usage in the component is pretty much the same amount of code. In both cases you need to wrap the app in a Provider (you forgot that in the context examples above) creating a slice and creating the Provider wrapper pretty much abstract the same logic - but in a slice, you can use mutating logic, so as soon as you get to more complex data manipulation, the slice will be significantly shorter That in the end leaves the configureStore call - and that are three lines. You will probably save more code by using createSlice vs manually writing a Provider. Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Thread Thread Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But I had added the Provider in the Context example ๐ You are talking about using useReducer hook with the Context API . I am suggesting that if one is required to modify the data, one should definitely opt for Redux . In case only sharing the data with the Child Components is required, Context would be a better solution Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah, but you are not using the Parent anywhere, which is kinda equivalent to using the Provider in Redux, kinda making it look like one step less for Context ;) As for the "not using useReducer " - seems like I read over that - in that case I 100% agree. :) Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Thread Thread Dan Dan Dan Follow Been coding on and off as a hobby for 5 years now and commercially - as a freelancer, on and off - for 1 year. Joined Oct 6, 2023 • Oct 6 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide "I am suggesting that if one is required to modify the data, one should definitely opt for Redux." - can you elaborate? What specific advantages Redux has over using reducers with useReducer in React? Thanks! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Oct 6 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @gottfried-dev The problem is not useReducer , which is great for component-local state, but Context, which has no means of subscribing to parts of an object, so as soon as you have any complicated value in your context (which you probably have if you need useReducer), any change to any sub-property will rerender every consumer, if it is interested in the change or not. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mangor1no Mangor1no Mangor1no Follow I need a sleep. https://www.russdev.net Location Hanoi, VN Education FPT University Work Front end Engineer at JUST.engineer Joined Nov 27, 2020 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I myself really don't like using redux toolkit. Feel like I have more control when using the old way Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Lenz Weber Follow Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Nov 29 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Which part of it exactly is taking control away? Oh, btw.: if it is only one of those "I need the control only 10% of the time" cases - you can always mix both styles. RTK is just Redux, there is absolutely no magic going on that would prevent a mix of RTK reducers and hand-written reducers. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Philipp Renoth Philipp Renoth Philipp Renoth Follow ๐ฆ Rust, โฌข node.js and ๐ Vulkan Email renoth@aitch.de Location Germany Work Software Engineer at ConSol Consulting & Solutions Software GmbH Joined May 5, 2021 • Nov 30 '21 • Edited on Nov 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Referring to your example, I can write a blog post, too: Context API vs. ES6 import Context API is too complicated. I can simply import MockData from './mockData' and use it in any component. Context API has 10 lines, import only 1 line. Then you can write another blog post Redux vs. ES6 import . There are maybe projects which need to mutate data want smart component updates want time-travel for debugging want a solid plugin concept for global state management And then there are devs reading blogs about using redux is too complicated and end up introducing their own concepts and ideas around the Context API without knowing one thing about immutable data optimizations and so on. You can use a react context to solve problems that are also being solved by redux, but some features and optimizations are not that easy for homegrown solutions. I mean try it out - it's a great exercise to understand why you should maybe use redux in your production code or stick to a simpler solution that has less features at all. I'm not saying, that you should use redux in every project, but redux is not just some stupid boilerplate around the Context API => if you need global state utils check out the libs built for it. There are also others than redux. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand roggc roggc roggc Follow React and React Native developer Email roggc9@gmail.com Location Barcelona Joined Oct 26, 2019 • Jun 8 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hello, I have developed a library, react-context-slices which allows to manage state through Context easily and quickly. It has 0 boilerplate. You can define slices of Context and fetch them with a unique hook, useSlice , which acts either as a useState or useReducer hook, depending on if you defined a reducer or not for the slice of Context you are fetching. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Redux used to be my first choice for large applications but these days I much prefer to use the Context API. Still good to know Redux though just in case and many projects and companies still require you to know it. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nishant Tilve Nishant Tilve Nishant Tilve Follow An aspiring Web Developer, an amateur Game Developer, and an AI/ML enthusiast. Involved in the pursuit of finding my niche. Email nishanttilve@gmail.com Location Goa, India Work Student Joined May 20, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also, if you need to maintain some sort of complex state for any mid-level project, you can still create your own reducer using React's Context API itself, before reaching out for redux and adding external dependencies to your project initially. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kayeeec Kayeeec Kayeeec Follow Education Masters degree in Informatics Joined Feb 9, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But you might take a performance hit. Redux seems to be better performance-wise when you intend to update the shared data a lot - see stackoverflow.com/a/66972857/7677851 . If used correctly that is. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand adam-biggs adam-biggs adam-biggs Follow Location Toronto, Ontario Education University of Waterloo Work Full Stack Developer + Talent Acquisition Specialist Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Oct 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One of the best and most overlooked alternatives to Redux is to use React's own built-in Context API. Context API provides a different approach to tackling the data flow problem between Reactโs deeply nested components. Context has been around with React for quite a while, but it has changed significantly since its inception. Up to version 16.3, it was a way to handle the state data outside the React component tree. It was an experimental feature not recommended for most use cases. Initially, the problem with legacy context was that updates to values that were passed down with context could be โblockedโ if a component skipped rendering through the shouldComponentUpdate lifecycle method. Since many components relied on shouldComponentUpdate for performance optimizations, the legacy context was useless for passing down plain data. The new version of Context API is a dependency injection mechanism that allows passing data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level. The most important thing here is that, unlike Redux, Context API is not a state management system. Instead, itโs a dependency injection mechanism where you manage a state in a React component. We get a state management system when using it with useContext and useReducer hooks. A great next step to learning more is to read this article by Andy Fernandez: scalablepath.com/react/context-api... Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Mohammad Jawad (Kasir) Barati Follow Love to work with cutting edge technologies and on my journey to learn and teach. Having a can-do attitude and being industrious are the reasons why I question the status quo an venture in the unknown Email node.js.developers.kh@gmail.com Location Bremen, Germany Education Bachelor Pronouns He/Him/His Work Fullstack Engineer Joined Mar 13, 2021 • May 29 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Can you give me some explanation to what you meant when you wrote Context is DI. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lohit Peesapati Lohit Peesapati Lohit Peesapati Follow A polymath developer curious about solving problems, and building products that bring comfort and convenience to users. Location Hyderabad Work Full Stack Product Developer at Rudra labs Joined Mar 4, 2019 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I found Redux to be easier to setup and work with than Context API. I migrated a library I was building in Redux to context API and reused most of the reducer logic, but the amount of optimization and debugging I had to do to make the same functionality work was a nightmare in Context. It made me appreciate Redux more and I switched back to save time. It was a good learning to know the specific use case and limitations of context. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Dec 4, 2020 • Nov 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I too am a huge fan of redux for most projects! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Salah Eddine Lalami Salah Eddine Lalami Salah Eddine Lalami Follow Hi I'm Salah Eddine Lalami , Senior Software Developer @ IDURARAPP.COM Location Remote Work Senior Software Developer at IDURAR Joined Jul 4, 2021 • Sep 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @ IDURAR , we use react context api for all UI parts , and we keep our data layer inside redux . Here Article about : ๐ Mastering Advanced Complex React useContext with useReducer โญ (Redux like Style) โญ : dev.to/idurar/mastering-advanced-c... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shakil Ahmed Shakil Ahmed Shakil Ahmed Follow MERN Stack High-Performance Applications at Your Service! React | Node | Express | MongoDB Location Savar, Dhaka Joined Jan 22, 2021 • Dec 4 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exciting topic! ๐ I love exploring the nuances of state management in React, and finding the sweet spot between Redux and Context API for optimal performance and simplicity. What factors do you prioritize when making the choice? ๐ค Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Upride Network Upride Network Upride Network Follow Building Next-Gen Mobility Tech! Location Bengaluru, India Joined May 21, 2023 • Jan 30 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, We have build out site in react: upride.in , which tech stack should be better in 2024 as we want to do a complete revamp for faster loading. if anyone can help for our site that how we can make progress. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (38 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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github # ai # mcp Comments Addย Comment 3 min read I built an autonomous Robot Diary with "Boredom Scores" and a sense of time ๐ค๐ Joseph Henzi Joseph Henzi Joseph Henzi Follow Jan 10 I built an autonomous Robot Diary with "Boredom Scores" and a sense of time ๐ค๐ # mcp # llm # hugo # agents Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Build a ChatGPT App with Mapbox Chris Tufts Chris Tufts Chris Tufts Follow for Mapbox Jan 9 Build a ChatGPT App with Mapbox # chatgpt # mcp # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 9 min read Model Context Protocol (MCP) โ Integrating AI LLMs with Modern DevOps Systems CodeFalconX CodeFalconX CodeFalconX Follow Jan 9 Model Context Protocol (MCP) โ Integrating AI LLMs with Modern DevOps Systems # programming # mcp # llm # devops Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Retrieval rules for agents: retrieve-first, cite, and never obey retrieved instructions Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Follow Jan 9 Retrieval rules for agents: retrieve-first, cite, and never obey retrieved instructions # ai # mcp # rag # programming Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Bridging LLMs and Design Systems via MCP: Implementing a Community Figma MCP Server for Generative Design Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 10 Bridging LLMs and Design Systems via MCP: Implementing a Community Figma MCP Server for Generative Design # mcp # ai # figma # design 11 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 4 min read Output format enforcement for agents: JSON schema or it didnโt happen Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Follow Jan 8 Output format enforcement for agents: JSON schema or it didnโt happen # ai # rag # programming # mcp Comments Addย Comment 4 min read loading... trending guides/resources My Predictions for MCP and AI-Assisted Coding in 2026 Building Your First Agentic AI: Complete Guide to MCP + Ollama Tool Calling How I Use AI to Build Frontend Apps: My Candid, Messy Process Building AI-powered applications in Laravel A Quick Vibe Code Experiment with Angular's MCP Server Kiro with MCP for GitHub Integration, Docs, Diagrams and AWS Recommendations My 2025 Year in Review How to deploy MCP Servers on AWS with the Best Practices Playwright MCP Servers Explained: Automation and Testing Ministral 3 3B Local Setup Guide with MCP Tool Calling ๐ฅ Code Execution with MCP: Building More Efficient AI Agents Reliable AI workflow with GitHub Copilot: complete guide with examples Top 5 LiteLLM Alternatives in 2025 No OAuth Required: An MCP Client For AWS IAM How to connect the Next.js MCP server to VS Code Copilot Chat The Developer's Guide to AI Agent Frameworks in 2025: MCP-Native vs Traditional Approaches Did Skills Kill MCP? 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https://core.forem.com/privacy#6-international-data-transfers | Privacy Policy - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" โ we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws.ย 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! ๐ Create Post Older #testing posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Jan 6 Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters # programming # php # testing # development Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Test Your Tests: Does Your Crisis Simulation Match Reality? 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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API/Writing_WebSocket_servers | Writing WebSocket servers - Web APIs | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See allโฆ HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See allโฆ Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See allโฆ CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See allโฆ Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See allโฆ JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See allโฆ JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See allโฆ Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See allโฆ Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See allโฆ Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web Web APIs The WebSocket API (WebSockets) Writing WebSocket servers Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Espaรฑol Franรงais ๆฅๆฌ่ช Portuguรชs (doย Brasil) ไธญๆ (็ฎไฝ) Writing WebSocket servers A WebSocket server is nothing more than an application listening on any port of a TCP server that follows a specific protocol. Creating a custom server can seem overwhelming if you have never done it before. It can actually be quite straightforward to implement a basic WebSocket server on your platform of choice, though. A WebSocket server can be written in any server-side programming language that is capable of Berkeley sockets , such as C(++), Python, PHP , or server-side JavaScript . This is not a tutorial in any specific language, but serves as a guide to facilitate writing your own server. This article assumes you're already familiar with how HTTP works, and that you have a moderate level of programming experience. Depending on language support, knowledge of TCP sockets may be required. The scope of this guide is to present the minimum knowledge you need to write a WebSocket server. Note: Read the latest official WebSockets specification, RFC 6455 . Sections 1 and 4-7 are especially interesting to server implementors. Section 10 discusses security and you should definitely peruse it before exposing your server. A WebSocket server is explained on a very low level here. WebSocket servers are often separate and specialized servers (for load-balancing or other practical reasons), so you will often use a reverse proxy (such as a regular HTTP server) to detect WebSocket handshakes, pre-process them, and send those clients to a real WebSocket server. This means that you don't have to bloat your server code with cookie and authentication handlers (for example). In this article The WebSocket handshake Exchanging data frames Pings and Pongs: The Heartbeat of WebSockets Closing the connection Miscellaneous Related The WebSocket handshake First, the server must listen for incoming socket connections using a standard TCP socket. Depending on your platform, this may be handled for you automatically. For example, let's assume that your server is listening on example.com , port 8000, and your socket server responds to GET requests at example.com/chat . Warning: The server may listen on any port it chooses, but if it chooses any port other than 80 or 443, it may have problems with firewalls and/or proxies. Browsers generally require a secure connection for WebSockets, although they may offer an exception for local devices. The handshake is the "Web" in WebSockets. It's the bridge from HTTP to WebSockets. In the handshake, details of the connection are negotiated, and either party can back out before completion if the terms are unfavorable. The server must be careful to understand everything the client asks for, otherwise security issues can occur. Note: The request-uri ( /chat here) has no defined meaning in the spec. So, many people use it to let one server handle multiple WebSocket applications. For example, example.com/chat could invoke a multiuser chat app, while /game on the same server might invoke a multiplayer game. Client handshake request Even though you're building a server, a client still has to start the WebSocket handshake process by contacting the server and requesting a WebSocket connection. So, you must know how to interpret the client's request. The client will send a pretty standard HTTP request with headers that looks like this (the HTTP version must be 1.1 or greater, and the method must be GET ): http GET /chat HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com:8000 Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ== Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13 The client can solicit extensions and/or subprotocols here; see Miscellaneous for details. Also, common headers like User-Agent , Referer , Cookie , or authentication headers might be there as well. Do whatever you want with those; they don't directly pertain to the WebSocket. It's also safe to ignore them. In many common setups, a reverse proxy has already dealt with them. Note: All browsers send an Origin header . You can use this header for security (checking for same origin, automatically allowing or denying, etc.) and send a 403 Forbidden if you don't like what you see. This is effective against Cross Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWH) . However, be warned that non-browser agents can send a faked Origin . Most applications reject requests without this header. If any header is not understood or has an incorrect value, the server should send a 400 ("Bad Request") response and immediately close the socket. As usual, it may also give the reason why the handshake failed in the HTTP response body, but the message may never be displayed (browsers do not display it). If the server doesn't understand that version of WebSockets, it should send a Sec-WebSocket-Version header back that contains the version(s) it does understand. In the example above, it indicates version 13 of the WebSocket protocol. The most interesting header here is Sec-WebSocket-Key . Let's look at that next. Note: Regular HTTP status codes can be used only before the handshake. After the handshake succeeds, you have to use a different set of codes (defined in section 7.4 of the spec). Server handshake response When the server receives the handshake request, it should send back a special response that indicates that the protocol will be changing from HTTP to WebSocket. That header looks something like the following (remember each header line ends with \r\n and put an extra \r\n after the last one to indicate the end of the header): http HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo= Additionally, the server can decide on extension/subprotocol requests here; see Miscellaneous for details. The Sec-WebSocket-Accept header is important in that the server must derive it from the Sec-WebSocket-Key that the client sent to it. To get it, concatenate the client's Sec-WebSocket-Key and the string "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11" together (it's a " magic string "), take the SHA-1 hash of the result, and return the base64 encoding of that hash. Note: This seemingly overcomplicated process exists so that it's obvious to the client whether the server supports WebSockets. This is important because security issues might arise if the server accepts a WebSockets connection but interprets the data as a HTTP request. So if the Key was "dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==" , the Sec-WebSocket-Accept header's value is "s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=" . Once the server sends these headers, the handshake is complete and you can start swapping data! Note: The server can send other headers like Set-Cookie , or ask for authentication or redirects via other status codes, before sending the reply handshake. Keeping track of clients This doesn't directly relate to the WebSocket protocol, but it's worth mentioning here: your server must keep track of clients' sockets so you don't keep handshaking again with clients who have already completed the handshake. The same client IP address can try to connect multiple times. However, the server can deny them if they attempt too many connections in order to save itself from Denial-of-Service attacks . For example, you might keep a table of usernames or ID numbers along with the corresponding WebSocket and other data that you need to associate with that connection. Exchanging data frames Either the client or the server can choose to send a message at any time โ that's the magic of WebSockets. However, extracting information from these so-called "frames" of data is a not-so-magical experience. Although all frames follow the same specific format, data going from the client to the server is masked using XOR encryption (with a 32-bit key). Section 5 of the specification describes this in detail. Format Each data frame (from the client to the server or vice versa) follows this same format: Data frame from the client to server (message length 0โ125): 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+ |F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len | Masking-key | |I|S|S|S| (4) |A| (7) | (32) | |N|V|V|V| |S| | | | |1|2|3| |K| | | +-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+ | Masking-key (continued) | Payload Data | +-------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + : Payload Data continued ... : + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | Payload Data continued ... | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ Data frame from the client to server (16-bit message length): 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+ |F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len | Extended payload length | |I|S|S|S| (4) |A| (7) | (16) | |N|V|V|V| |S| (== 126) | | | |1|2|3| |K| | | +-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+ | Masking-key | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ : Payload Data : + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | Payload Data continued ... | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ Data frame from the server to client (64-bit payload length): 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+ |F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len | Extended payload length | |I|S|S|S| (4) |A| (7) | (64) | |N|V|V|V| |S| (== 127) | | | |1|2|3| |K| | | +-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | Extended payload length continued | + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-------------------------------+ | | Masking-key | +-------------------------------+-------------------------------+ | Masking-key (continued) | Payload Data | +-------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + : Payload Data continued ... : + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + | Payload Data continued ... | +---------------------------------------------------------------+ This means that a frame contains the following bytes: First byte: Bit 0 FIN: tells whether this is the last message in a series. If it's 0, then the server keeps listening for more parts of the message; otherwise, the server should consider the message delivered. More on this later. Bit 1โ3 RSV1, RSV2, RSV3: can be ignored, they are for extensions. Bits 4-7 OPCODE: defines how to interpret the payload data: 0x0 for continuation, 0x1 for text (which is always encoded in UTF-8), 0x2 for binary, and other so-called "control codes" that will be discussed later. In this version of WebSockets, 0x3 to 0x7 and 0xB to 0xF have no meaning. Bit 8 MASK: tells whether the message is encoded. Messages from the client must be masked, so your server must expect this to be 1. (In fact, section 5.1 of the spec says that your server must disconnect from a client if that client sends an unmasked message.) Server-to-client message are not masked and have this bit set to 0. We'll explain masking later, in reading and unmasking the data . Note: You must mask messages even when using a secure socket. Bits 9โ15: payload length. May also include the following 2 bytes or 8 bytes; see Decoding Payload Length . If masking is used (always true for client-to-server messages), the next 4 bytes contain the masking key; see Reading and unmasking the data . All subsequent bytes are payload. Decoding Payload Length To read the payload data, you must know when to stop reading. That's why the payload length is important to know. Unfortunately, this is somewhat complicated. To read it, follow these steps: Read bits 9-15 (inclusive) and interpret that as an unsigned integer. If it's 125 or less, then that's the length; you're done . If it's 126, go to step 2. If it's 127, go to step 3. Read the next 16 bits and interpret those as an unsigned integer. You're done . Read the next 64 bits and interpret those as an unsigned integer. (The most significant bit must be 0.) You're done . Reading and unmasking the data If the MASK bit was set (and it should be, for client-to-server messages), read the next 4 octets (32 bits); this is the masking key. Once the payload length and masking key is decoded, you can read that number of bytes from the socket. Let's call the data ENCODED , and the key MASK . To get DECODED , loop through the octets of ENCODED and XOR the octet with the (i modulo 4)th octet of MASK . Using JavaScript as an example: js // The function receives the frame as a Uint8Array. // firstIndexAfterPayloadLength is the index of the first byte // after the payload length, so it can be 2, 4, or 10. function getPayloadDecoded(frame, firstIndexAfterPayloadLength) { const mask = frame.slice( firstIndexAfterPayloadLength, firstIndexAfterPayloadLength + 4, ); const encodedPayload = frame.slice(firstIndexAfterPayloadLength + 4); // XOR each 4-byte sequence in the payload with the bitmask const decodedPayload = encodedPayload.map((byte, i) => byte ^ mask[i % 4]); return decodedPayload; } const frame = Uint8Array.from([ // FIN=1, RSV1-3=0, opcode=0x1 (text) 0b10000001, // MASK=1, payload length=5 0b10000101, // 4-byte mask 1, 2, 3, 4, // 5-byte payload 105, 103, 111, 104, 110, ]); // Assume you got the number 2 from properly decoding the payload length const decoded = getPayloadDecoded(frame, 2); Now you can figure out what decoded means depending on your application. For example, you can decode it as UTF-8 if it's a text message. js console.log(new TextDecoder().decode(decoded)); // "hello" Masking is a security measure to avoid malicious parties from predicting the data that is sent to the server. The client will generate a cryptographically random masking key for each message. Message Fragmentation The FIN and opcode fields work together to send a message split up into separate frames. This is called message fragmentation. Fragmentation is only available on opcodes 0x0 to 0x2 . Recall that the opcode tells what a frame is meant to do. If it's 0x1 , the payload is text. If it's 0x2 , the payload is binary data. However, if it's 0x0 , the frame is a continuation frame; this means the server should concatenate the frame's payload to the last frame it received from that client. Here is a rough sketch, in which a server reacts to a client sending text messages. The first message is sent in a single frame, while the second message is sent across three frames. FIN and opcode details are shown only for the client: Client: FIN=1, opcode=0x1, msg="hello" Server: (process complete message immediately) Hi. Client: FIN=0, opcode=0x1, msg="and a" Server: (listening, new message containing text started) Client: FIN=0, opcode=0x0, msg="happy new" Server: (listening, payload concatenated to previous message) Client: FIN=1, opcode=0x0, msg="year!" Server: (process complete message) Happy new year to you too! Notice the first frame contains an entire message (has FIN=1 and opcode!=0x0 ), so the server can process or respond as it sees fit. The second frame sent by the client has a text payload ( opcode=0x1 ), but the entire message has not arrived yet ( FIN=0 ). All remaining parts of that message are sent with continuation frames ( opcode=0x0 ), and the final frame of the message is marked by FIN=1 . Section 5.4 of the spec describes message fragmentation. Pings and Pongs: The Heartbeat of WebSockets At any point after the handshake, either the client or the server can choose to send a ping to the other party. When the ping is received, the recipient must send back a pong as soon as possible. You can use this to make sure that the client is still connected, for example. A ping or pong is just a regular frame, but it's a control frame . Pings have an opcode of 0x9 , and pongs have an opcode of 0xA . When you get a ping, send back a pong with the exact same Payload Data as the ping (for pings and pongs, the max payload length is 125). You might also get a pong without ever sending a ping; ignore this if it happens. Note: If you have gotten more than one ping before you get the chance to send a pong, you only send one pong. Closing the connection To close a connection either the client or server can send a control frame with data containing a specified control sequence to begin the closing handshake (detailed in Section 5.5.1 ). Upon receiving such a frame, the other peer sends a Close frame in response. The first peer then closes the connection. Any further data received after closing of connection is then discarded. Miscellaneous Note: WebSocket codes, extensions, subprotocols, etc. are registered at the IANA WebSocket Protocol Registry . WebSocket extensions and subprotocols are negotiated via headers during the handshake . Sometimes extensions and subprotocols are very similar, but there is a clear distinction. Extensions control the WebSocket frame and modify the payload, while subprotocols structure the WebSocket payload and never modify anything. Extensions are optional and generalized (like compression); subprotocols are mandatory and localized (like ones for chat and for MMORPG games). Extensions Think of an extension as compressing a file before emailing it to someone. Whatever you do, you're sending the same data in different forms. The recipient will eventually be able to get the same data as your local copy, but it is sent differently. That's what an extension does. WebSockets defines a protocol and a simple way to send data, but an extension such as compression could allow sending the same data but in a shorter format. Note: Extensions are explained in sections 5.8, 9, 11.3.2, and 11.4 of the spec. Subprotocols Think of a subprotocol as a custom XML schema or doctype declaration . You're still using XML and its syntax, but you're additionally restricted by a structure you agreed on. WebSocket subprotocols are just like that. They do not introduce anything fancy, they just establish structure. Like a doctype or schema, both parties must agree on the subprotocol; unlike a doctype or schema, the subprotocol is implemented on the server and cannot be externally referred to by the client. Note: Subprotocols are explained in sections 1.9, 4.2, 11.3.4, and 11.5 of the spec. A client has to ask for a specific subprotocol. To do so, it will send something like this as part of the original handshake : http GET /chat HTTP/1.1 ... Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: soap, wamp or, equivalently: http ... Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: soap Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: wamp Now the server must pick one of the protocols that the client suggested and it supports. If there is more than one, send the first one the client sent. Imagine our server can use both soap and wamp . Then, in the response handshake, it sends: http Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: soap Warning: The server can't send more than one Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header. If the server doesn't want to use any subprotocol, it shouldn't send any Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header . Sending a blank header is incorrect. The client may close the connection if it doesn't get the subprotocol it wants. If you want your server to obey certain subprotocols, then naturally you'll need extra code on the server. Let's imagine we're using a subprotocol json . In this subprotocol, all data is passed as JSON . If the client solicits this protocol and the server wants to use it, the server needs to have a JSON parser. Practically speaking, this will be part of a library, but the server needs to pass the data around. Note: To avoid name conflict, it's recommended to make your subprotocol name part of a domain string. If you are building a custom chat app that uses a proprietary format exclusive to Example Inc., then you might use this: Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat.example.com . Note that this isn't required, it's just an optional convention, and you can use any string you wish. Related Writing WebSocket client applications Tutorial: WebSocket server in C# Tutorial: WebSocket server in Java Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on โจJun 24, 2025โฉ by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub โข Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar The WebSocket API (WebSockets) Guides Writing WebSocket client applications Writing WebSocket servers Writing a WebSocket server in C# Writing a WebSocket server in Java Writing a WebSocket server in JavaScript (Deno) Using WebSocketStream to write a client Interfaces WebSocket WebSocketStream Experimental CloseEvent MessageEvent Your blueprint for a better internet. 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https://dev.to/xb16/write-a-jwt-login-test-using-cypress-43pp#comments | Write a JWT Login Test Using Cypress - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse ุญุฐููุฉ Posted on Dec 13, 2025 Write a JWT Login Test Using Cypress # cypress # react # jwt # testing Testing JWT Authentication in a React + Laravel Clothes Store with Cypress After spending two weeks trying to create dashboard tests for our React and Laravel e-commerce application, I hit a major roadblock: authentication. Since our application uses stateless API communication, JWT (JSON Web Tokens) with Laravel Sanctum handles authentication. Here's how I successfully implemented Cypress tests for this setup. Understanding the Authentication Flow The login functionality comprises: Backend : Laravel Sanctum for JWT generation Frontend : Axios interceptors + React Context for token management Protection : Dashboard pages wrapped in an authentication context Backend: Laravel Auth Controller The key authentication endpoints: class AuthController extends Controller { public function login ( LoginRequest $request ): JsonResponse { if ( ! Auth :: attempt ( $request -> only ( 'email' , 'password' ))) { return $this -> error ( null , 'Invalid credentials' , 401 ); } $user = $request -> user (); $token = $user -> createToken ( 'auth_token' ) -> plainTextToken ; return $this -> success ([ 'user' => $user , 'token' => $token ], 'User logged in successfully.' ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Route :: prefix ( 'auth' ) -> group ( function () { Route :: post ( 'login' , [ AuthController :: class , 'login' ]); Route :: get ( 'me' , [ AuthController :: class , 'me' ]); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Frontend: React Authentication Context The AuthContext manages user state and token storage: export function AuthProvider ({ children }) { const [ user , setUser ] = useState ( null ); const [ loading , setLoading ] = useState ( true ); const bootstrapAuth = useCallback ( async () => { const token = localStorage . getItem ( " token " ); if ( ! token ) { setLoading ( false ); return ; } try { const { data } = await authApi . me (); setUser ( data . data ); } catch { localStorage . removeItem ( " token " ); setUser ( null ); } finally { setLoading ( false ); } }, []); async function login ( credentials ) { const { data } = await authApi . login ( credentials ); localStorage . setItem ( " token " , data . data . token ); setUser ( data . data . user ); } if ( loading ) return < ClothesLoader />; return ( < AuthContext . Provider value = { { user , login , logout } } > { children } </ AuthContext . Provider > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Axios Interceptors for Token Management The interceptor automatically attaches tokens to protected requests: export const privateClient = axios . create ({ baseURL : import . meta . env . VITE_LARAVEL_APP_API_URL , headers : { " Content-Type " : " application/json " }, }); privateClient . interceptors . request . use (( config ) => { const token = localStorage . getItem ( " token " ); if ( token ) { config . headers . Authorization = `Bearer ${ token } ` ; } return config ; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Dashboard Route Protection Protected routes check authentication before loading: export const Route = createFileRoute ( " /_dashboard " )({ beforeLoad : ({ context }) => { if ( ! context . auth ?. user ) { throw redirect ({ to : " /login " }); } }, component : DashboardLayout , }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Implementing Cypress Login Command The key insight: create a custom Cypress command that mimics the exact authentication flow. This command uses cy.session() to cache login state across tests: Cypress . Commands . add ( " login " , () => { cy . session ( " admin-session " , () => { cy . request ( " POST " , ` ${ Cypress . env ( ' apiUrl ' )} /auth/login` , { email : Cypress . env ( " email " ), password : Cypress . env ( " password " ), }). then (( response ) => { const token = response . body . data . token ; const user = response . body . data . user ; cy . window (). then (( win ) => { win . localStorage . setItem ( " token " , token ); win . localStorage . setItem ( " user " , JSON . stringify ( user )); }); cy . intercept ( " GET " , ` ${ Cypress . env ( ' apiUrl ' )} /auth/me` , { statusCode : 200 , body : { data : user , message : " User fetched successfully. " } }). as ( " getMe " ); cy . visit ( " / " ); cy . wait ( " @getMe " ); }); }, { cacheAcrossSpecs : true , validate : () => { cy . window (). then (( win ) => { expect ( win . localStorage . getItem ( " token " )). to . exist ; }); } }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Configuration Set up environment variables in cypress.config.js : module . exports = defineConfig ({ env : { email : ' admin@example.com ' , password : ' securePassword123 ' , apiUrl : ' http://clothes-store.test/api/v1 ' }, e2e : { baseUrl : ' http://localhost:5173 ' , }, }) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using the Login Command in Tests Now you can easily authenticate in any test: describe ( " Add Product Page " , () => { beforeEach (() => { cy . login (); cy . visit ( " /dashboard/products/add " ); cy . contains ( " Add New Product " ). should ( " be.visible " ); }); it ( " successfully creates a new product " , () => { // Test implementation... }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Key Takeaways Understand the authentication flow before writing tests Use cy.session() to cache login state and speed up tests Mock API responses that occur during authentication bootstrap Set up environment variables for sensitive credentials Create reusable commands for common authentication patterns This approach reduced my test execution time by 60% and made tests more reliable by eliminating flaky login processes. Resources Cypress JWT Authentication Examples Laravel Sanctum Documentation Cypress Session API Understanding both frontend and backend authentication implementation is crucial for writing effective Cypress tests. The cy.session() command combined with proper API mocking creates a robust testing foundation for JWT-protected applications. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse ุญุฐููุฉ Follow i am intersted about Full-Stack Web Developement and ecpecially React & Laravel. 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https://dev.to/mwolfhoffman/supabase-vs-firebase-pricing-and-when-to-use-which-5hhp#supabase | Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Posted on Jan 22, 2022 Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which # sql # webdev # firebase # database Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which Supabase recently appeared on the scene as an attempt to be an open source alternative to Firebase. It's a great product and I've used it in many projects already. I've written about it here and here . The main difference between Supabase vs Firebase is that Supabase is a SQL database that utilized postgres and Firebase uses a NoSQL document data store. On my current side project I recently replaced Supabase for Firebase. I'll get into why and some of the pricing differences to consider. Consideration for Supabase vs Firebase Firebase has more features, for now For one, Firebase has been around much longer than Supabase and thus has more features. You can host your app on Firebase, you can also write cloud functions. (Currently I believe Supabase has cloud functions in beta). Both have great options for objects storage, authentication, and most things you will need as a backend as a service product. Also, while Supabase is not yet a perfect 1:1 mapping of Firebase, they do seem to be very quickly puting out new features to more closely match Firebase's offerings. SQL vs NoSQL This is a big one that I've been considering more. I enjoy relational data and my brain allows me to think about the relationships that SQL allows better than NoSQL document or key/value stores. I've been doing more of a deep dive into NoSQL and learning about how to structure data with it lately. With my research, I have decided that for small side projects and MVPs, I will be going with Firebase over Supabase if I truly don't need my data to be relational. NoSQL (firebase) can often be structured in a way that is more efficient than SQL. There are drawbacks however. Because you can't write complex queries and joins, you do have to consider how you might want to query your data in the future. This can be a difficult task. Once you have correctly anticipated the queries your application will need in the future, you actually duplicate that data into another document or collection in the NoSQL data store. Of course, now you have multiple places to update data too! This sounds like a headache, but with some practice it's actually pretty easy to catch on fast. After learning some more about how to structure documents in a NoSQL datastore, this performance and scalability is why I have decided that I will typically use Firebase over Supabase. The other reason is price. Pricing Another consideration for the Supabase vs Firebase debate is pricing. Both services offer a generous free tier. But what makes pricing considerations difficult is that scalability always has to be kept in mind. First, let's go over what each service offers for free in terms of a database and authentication (the two most used services by each) per month. Supabase: You get 3 free projects. You get 500 MB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase: You get unlimited free projects. You get 1 GB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase does charge for ingress and egress too. So you get 20,000 free writes per day and 50,000 free reads per day. Which to choose Ultimately, when I think about how my projects are going to scale (if they ever needed to) and what I am going to use them for, often NoSQL is just fine for my use cases and I get a better deal with Firebase. This is because my projects don't often scale to over 20,000 writes per day or 50,000 reads per day. And even if they do, the price is comparable with Supabase's next tier. This decision allows me to save my limited supabase free projects for when I really need a relational database. Top comments (6) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Follow Joined Jan 21, 2023 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You haven't added the biggest price factor for Supabase which is "Bandwidth" and "DB scalability". "Bandwidth": You won't run out of MAUs or DB storage, but you would easily cross the 5gb bandwidth mark, after which 25$ plan is your only option. "DB scalability": Free tier gives you micro DB which has very less concurrent connections allowed, scaling it again will cost you paid plan + extra compute costs. Supabase have very smartly advertised to bring in customers, but you realize after you get in that "there's no such thing as a free lunch". Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand shaoyanji shaoyanji shaoyanji Follow Joined Mar 19, 2024 • Apr 21 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide pssssst....pocketbase Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nicolรฒ Curioni Nicolรฒ Curioni Nicolรฒ Curioni Follow Iโm an Italian iOS developer. Education Tradate (VA), Italy Work Full time iOS developer Joined Apr 14, 2022 • Apr 14 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, interesting post, but I have a question, Iโm developing a diary app, for iOS/iPadOS and also macOS/watchOS, but Iโm uncertain if use Firebase or Supabase. My app let the end userโs to edit the note content, with textView text styles, like different colors, fonts, formats and also add images inside the text, but, can I use Firebase or Supabase? Have you some adviceโs? Thanks, Nicolรฒ Curioni iOS Developer Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Follow Aspiring Ionic app developer Location Digital Nomad Work Developer at Self Employed Joined Jul 9, 2019 • Sep 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes you can store both easily. There is a limitation with the nosql firebase that each record can be a maximum of 1mb (I think thats the limit). That is a ton of text to allow per note but its worth considering. You can also split a document over multiple records with a bit of creative coding, if you do need to go beyond those extreme limits. If you want to learn more about strategies for nosql I would recommend looking up Fireship on YouTube who has some good videos. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand neonitus neonitus neonitus Follow Joined Aug 20, 2023 • Aug 20 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, Thanks for the post. I however have a question about authentication. If my app uses social authentication, firebase offers only 50k MAU while the pro plan for Supabase offers 100K MAUs. Would you then prefer to use Supabase Auth and Firestore DB? How would you approach this problem where you are going to have a lot of users using the app(+100,000 per month) and you want the power of RDBMS because you want to build an analytical platform for your app and app transactions? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand codingjlu codingjlu codingjlu Follow Joined Jun 15, 2021 • May 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the great article! I was searching this on Google because I wanted to see the pricing comparison, and you've covered that just well. Thanks again! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Location Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 30, 2020 More from Michael Wolf Hoffman Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs # webdev # startup # saas # career How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database # react # webdev # javascript # programming How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication # react # webdev # javascript # programming ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/lanae_bk | Lanae BK - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Lanae BK I fix things by turning them off and on again, then try to figure out why they broke. Location Mystic, CT Joined Joined onย Apr 30, 2019 Email address lanae.bk@gmail.com github website twitter website Education Eastern Connecticut State University Work Architecture Advisor Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. 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Got it Close More info about @lanae_bk Skills/Languages Typescript Serverless architecture GitLab CICD Distributed systems Testing & quality Automation Currently learning GitHub Actions Currently hacking on A bot that automates teaching good code review practices for engineers. Post 1 post published Comment 4 comments written Tag 21 tags followed Changing Everything, So We Can Change Nothing: In Pursuit of Immutability Lanae BK Lanae BK Lanae BK Follow May 8 '20 Changing Everything, So We Can Change Nothing: In Pursuit of Immutability # codesmells # refactor # typescript # immutability 7 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Want to connect with Lanae BK? Create an account to connect with Lanae BK. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? 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https://core.forem.com/privacy#c-information-collected-from-other-sources | Privacy Policy - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" โ we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws.ย 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core โ Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/ruppysuppy | Tapajyoti Bose - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Tapajyoti Bose Top Rated Freelancer || Blogger || Cross-Platform App Developer || Web Developer || Open Source Contributor Location Kolkata, West Bengal, India Joined Joined onย Dec 4, 2020 Personal website https://tapajyoti-bose.vercel.app/ github website Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close #Discuss Awarded for sharing the top weekly post under the #discuss tag. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close 4 Top 7 Awarded for having a post featured in the weekly "must-reads" list. ๐ Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close JavaScript Awarded to the top JavaScript author each week Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close React Awarded to the top React author each week Got it Close CSS Awarded to the top CSS author each week Got it Close Git Awarded to the top git author each week Got it Close 16 Week Writing Streak You are a writing star! You've written at least one post per week for 16 straight weeks. Congratulations! Got it Close 8 Week Writing Streak The streak continues! You've written at least one post per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Unlock the 16-week badge next! Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close Hacktoberfest 2020 Awarded for successful completion of the 2020 Hacktoberfest challenge. Got it Close Show all 20 badges More info about @ruppysuppy GitHub Repositories The-WeatherMan-Project ๐โ๏ธ Get Local and International weather forecasts from the most accurate Weather Forecasting Technology featuring up to the minute Weather Reports. CSS • 25 stars Pizza-Man ๐๐ An e-commerce website to order pizza online JavaScript • 141 stars SmartsApp ๐ฌ๐ฑ An End to End Encrypted Cross Platform messenger app. TypeScript • 114 stars Crypto-Crowdfund ๐ค๐ฐ Crowdfunding Platform backed by Ethereum Blockchain to bring your creative projects to life TypeScript • 29 stars UnHook ๐ป๐จโ๐ป Cross Platform Desktop App to remind you to Unhook yourself from the Screen. JavaScript • 24 stars Skills/Languages React, Redux, Progressive Web App (PWA), Firebase, Electron, Flutter, TypeScript, JavaScript, Python, Dart, HTML, CSS Currently learning Three.js Currently hacking on Open Source Projects, Freelancing Available for React, Web Development, Progressive Web App (PWA), Front-end development (HTML, CSS, JS), Python, Flutter, Electron Post 108 posts published Comment 197 comments written Tag 14 tags followed Pin Pinned 5 Tips to Take your Website Lighthouse Score from Meh to WOW! Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Nov 7 '21 5 Tips to Take your Website Lighthouse Score from Meh to WOW! # webdev # html # javascript # react 874 ย reactions Comments 25 ย comments 4 min read 5 Tips Every React Developer Should Know Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Oct 10 '21 5 Tips Every React Developer Should Know # react # javascript # typescript # webdev 213 ย reactions Comments 17 ย comments 4 min read Zero to Hero: Front End Developer Roadmap Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Aug 22 '21 Zero to Hero: Front End Developer Roadmap # webdev # html # css # javascript 574 ย reactions Comments 33 ย comments 6 min read 5 projects to master Front End Development Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jun 6 '21 5 projects to master Front End Development # webdev # ux # javascript # programming 455 ย reactions Comments 26 ย comments 4 min read Beautify Your GitHub Profile like a Pro Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow May 30 '21 Beautify Your GitHub Profile like a Pro # git # github # markdown # tutorial 786 ย reactions Comments 36 ย comments 4 min read Sell yourself as a developer - creating a personal brand ๐๐ผโจ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow May 25 '25 Sell yourself as a developer - creating a personal brand ๐๐ผโจ # discuss # beginners # productivity # career 19 ย reactions Comments 3 ย comments 6 min read Want to connect with Tapajyoti Bose? 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Sign in 9 tricks that separate a pro Typescript developer from an noob ๐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow May 11 '25 9 tricks that separate a pro Typescript developer from an noob ๐ # programming # javascript # typescript # beginners 89 ย reactions Comments 21 ย comments 7 min read 7 skill you must know to call yourself HTML master in 2025 ๐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Apr 27 '25 7 skill you must know to call yourself HTML master in 2025 ๐ # webdev # programming # html # beginners 20 ย reactions Comments 5 ย comments 6 min read 11 Interview Questions You Should Know as a React Native Developer in 2025 ๐๐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Apr 13 '25 11 Interview Questions You Should Know as a React Native Developer in 2025 ๐๐ # react # reactnative # javascript # programming 13 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 11 min read 17 React Interview Questions You Must Know as a Developer inย 2025 Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Mar 30 '25 17 React Interview Questions You Must Know as a Developer inย 2025 # react # webdev # javascript # programming 177 ย reactions Comments 19 ย comments 12 min read 7 Tools that Make Me Productive as a Software Engineer Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Mar 16 '25 7 Tools that Make Me Productive as a Software Engineer # discuss # programming # productivity # career 79 ย reactions Comments 6 ย comments 5 min read Good Commit vs Bad Commit: The 5 Commandments of Git Bible Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Mar 2 '25 Good Commit vs Bad Commit: The 5 Commandments of Git Bible # programming # git # github # beginners 13 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 5 min read 7 More JavaScript Web APIs to Build Futuristic Websites you didn't Know ๐คฏ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jun 25 '23 7 More JavaScript Web APIs to Build Futuristic Websites you didn't Know ๐คฏ # webdev # javascript # beginners # html 340 ย reactions Comments 17 ย comments 4 min read 7 Free Lifesaver Image Tools Every Frontend Developer Must Have In Their Arsenal ๐ ๏ธ๐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jun 11 '23 7 Free Lifesaver Image Tools Every Frontend Developer Must Have In Their Arsenal ๐ ๏ธ๐ # webdev # css # ux # productivity 85 ย reactions Comments 8 ย comments 3 min read 7 VS Code Tricks you should Definitely Know ๐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow May 28 '23 7 VS Code Tricks you should Definitely Know ๐ # programming # productivity # vscode # json 14 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 3 min read 7 Secret TypeScript Tricks Pros Use ๐๐คซ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow May 14 '23 7 Secret TypeScript Tricks Pros Use ๐๐คซ # webdev # javascript # typescript # productivity 311 ย reactions Comments 23 ย comments 4 min read What I learned from 2 years of freelancing ๐คซ๐ฐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Apr 30 '23 What I learned from 2 years of freelancing ๐คซ๐ฐ # webdev # career # productivity # motivation 40 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 5 min read Add Geo-search to your website/app in just 9 lines of code Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Apr 16 '23 Add Geo-search to your website/app in just 9 lines of code # webdev # javascript # firebase # tutorial 30 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 3 min read 7 Tricks to take the Performance of your Website to the Moon ๐๐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Apr 2 '23 7 Tricks to take the Performance of your Website to the Moon ๐๐ # webdev # javascript # html # css 207 ย reactions Comments 15 ย comments 4 min read 7 Libraries You Should Know as a React Developer ๐ฏ๐ฅ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Mar 5 '23 7 Libraries You Should Know as a React Developer ๐ฏ๐ฅ # react # javascript # webdev # productivity 523 ย reactions Comments 27 ย comments 3 min read 7 JavaScript Web APIs to build Futuristic Websites you didn'tย know๐คฏ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Feb 19 '23 7 JavaScript Web APIs to build Futuristic Websites you didn'tย know๐คฏ # webdev # javascript # html # beginners 820 ย reactions Comments 51 ย comments 3 min read 7 Free Public APIs you will love as a developer๐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Feb 5 '23 7 Free Public APIs you will love as a developer๐ # javascript # webdev # programming # api 1226 ย reactions Comments 27 ย comments 3 min read Don't Survive, Thrive in the 2023 Economy๐ช๐ฏ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jan 22 '23 Don't Survive, Thrive in the 2023 Economy๐ช๐ฏ 9 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 4 min read 7 Amazing GitHub Repositories Every Developer Should Follow in 2023 Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jan 8 '23 7 Amazing GitHub Repositories Every Developer Should Follow in 2023 # programming # opensource # productivity # career 38 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 4 min read 7 free Tools for the Modern Web Developers of 2023 Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Dec 25 '22 7 free Tools for the Modern Web Developers of 2023 # webdev # programming # javascript # productivity 261 ย reactions Comments 17 ย comments 3 min read Battle of the Giants: GitHub Copilot vs ChatGPT โ๏ธโ๏ธ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Dec 11 '22 Battle of the Giants: GitHub Copilot vs ChatGPT โ๏ธโ๏ธ # codenewbie # learning 51 ย reactions Comments 12 ย comments 7 min read 7 Developer Portfolio for inspiration Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Nov 27 '22 7 Developer Portfolio for inspiration # webdev # motivation # career # css 156 ย reactions Comments 23 ย comments 3 min read Git Cheat Sheet with 40+ commands & concepts Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Nov 13 '22 Git Cheat Sheet with 40+ commands & concepts # git # github # programming # productivity 314 ย reactions Comments 22 ย comments 4 min read 7 Shorthand Optimization Tricks every JavaScript Developer Should Know ๐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Oct 30 '22 7 Shorthand Optimization Tricks every JavaScript Developer Should Know ๐ # javascript # webdev # programming # productivity 924 ย reactions Comments 56 ย comments 4 min read 6 Cool Things Boring Old HTML Can Do ๐คฏ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Oct 16 '22 6 Cool Things Boring Old HTML Can Do ๐คฏ # webdev # programming # html # javascript 258 ย reactions Comments 10 ย comments 3 min read 7 Cool HTML Elements Nobody Uses Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Oct 2 '22 7 Cool HTML Elements Nobody Uses # webdev # html # javascript # programming 478 ย reactions Comments 40 ย comments 3 min read Add QR code to React websites in 2 minutes ๐โจ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Sep 18 '22 Add QR code to React websites in 2 minutes ๐โจ # javascript # webdev # programming # react 18 ย reactions Comments 4 ย comments 3 min read Mastering these 7 Basics CSS Skills will make you a Frontend Wizard ๐งโจ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Sep 11 '22 Mastering these 7 Basics CSS Skills will make you a Frontend Wizard ๐งโจ # webdev # programming # css # beginners 625 ย reactions Comments 15 ย comments 4 min read 6 must-have Chrome Extensions for Web Developers ๐๐ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Sep 4 '22 6 must-have Chrome Extensions for Web Developers ๐๐ # webdev # javascript # productivity # programming 464 ย reactions Comments 12 ย comments 3 min read 7 neat tricks for JS that you probably did not know Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Aug 28 '22 7 neat tricks for JS that you probably did not know # javascript # webdev # programming # productivity 295 ย reactions Comments 16 ย comments 3 min read The Regular Expression (RegEx) Cheat Sheet you always wanted Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Aug 14 '22 The Regular Expression (RegEx) Cheat Sheet you always wanted # regex # javascript # programming # webdev 939 ย reactions Comments 14 ย comments 4 min read 7 Tips to Transition from a Beginner to an Intermediate Frontend Developer ๐ค ๐จโ๐ป Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jul 31 '22 7 Tips to Transition from a Beginner to an Intermediate Frontend Developer ๐ค ๐จโ๐ป # javascript # webdev # beginners # career 37 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Grid vs Flex: Where to use which? ๐ค Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jul 24 '22 Grid vs Flex: Where to use which? ๐ค # css # webdev # html # beginners 574 ย reactions Comments 10 ย comments 4 min read 7 Tips for Clean React TypeScript Code you Must Know ๐งนโจ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jul 17 '22 7 Tips for Clean React TypeScript Code you Must Know ๐งนโจ # react # javascript # typescript # webdev 450 ย reactions Comments 23 ย comments 5 min read 11 Advanced React Interview Questions you should absolutely know (with detailed answers) Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jul 10 '22 11 Advanced React Interview Questions you should absolutely know (with detailed answers) # react # webdev # javascript # programming 284 ย reactions Comments 19 ย comments 5 min read 7 Lesser-Known VS Code Shortcuts to Speed Up your Development (with GIF Demos) Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jun 26 '22 7 Lesser-Known VS Code Shortcuts to Speed Up your Development (with GIF Demos) # vscode # programming # productivity # webdev 69 ย reactions Comments 9 ย comments 3 min read Dev Tools Unleashed: 7 things you probably didn't know Dev Tools could do Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jun 19 '22 Dev Tools Unleashed: 7 things you probably didn't know Dev Tools could do # webdev # javascript # css # html 79 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 3 min read From No Programming Experience to Web Developer in 11 Small Steps Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jun 12 '22 From No Programming Experience to Web Developer in 11 Small Steps # webdev # javascript # programming # beginners 33 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 5 min read 7 Console Methods Used by Pros Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jun 5 '22 7 Console Methods Used by Pros # webdev # javascript # beginners # programming 77 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 3 min read 61 Frontend Web Development Buzz Words every Developer Should have in their Vocabulary Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow May 29 '22 61 Frontend Web Development Buzz Words every Developer Should have in their Vocabulary # javascript # webdev # html # css 62 ย reactions Comments 3 ย comments 8 min read 7 Easy Hacks for Developers to become a Productivity Jedi โก๏ธ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow May 15 '22 7 Easy Hacks for Developers to become a Productivity Jedi โก๏ธ # discuss # programming # productivity # career 24 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 4 min read 5 Tricks to Create an Impressive GitHub Repository ๐คฉ๐คฏ Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow May 8 '22 5 Tricks to Create an Impressive GitHub Repository ๐คฉ๐คฏ # productivity # career # github # git 39 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Develop a Full-Fledged Component Library with React, just like Material UI Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow May 1 '22 Develop a Full-Fledged Component Library with React, just like Material UI # react # javascript # webdev # programming 39 ย reactions Comments 3 ย comments 4 min read 7 More Killer One-Liners in JavaScript Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Apr 24 '22 7 More Killer One-Liners in JavaScript # javascript # webdev # programming # productivity 52 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 3 min read Practical Data Structure and Algorithm Fundamentals Every Programmer Must Know Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Apr 17 '22 Practical Data Structure and Algorithm Fundamentals Every Programmer Must Know # programming # career # productivity # computerscience 41 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 5 min read React Cheat Sheet (with React 18) Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Apr 10 '22 React Cheat Sheet (with React 18) # javascript # webdev # programming # react 100 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 7 min read React 18: Everything you need to know Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Apr 3 '22 React 18: Everything you need to know # react # webdev # javascript # programming 29 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 4 min read Why Every Programmers Must Blog Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Mar 27 '22 Why Every Programmers Must Blog # discuss # beginners # career # watercooler 123 ย reactions Comments 14 ย comments 3 min read 6 Killer Productivity Apps for Programmers Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Mar 20 '22 6 Killer Productivity Apps for Programmers # watercooler # programming # productivity # opensource 117 ย reactions Comments 12 ย comments 4 min read Automatically Format your code on Git Commit using Husky, ESLint, Prettier in 9 minutes Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Mar 13 '22 Automatically Format your code on Git Commit using Husky, ESLint, Prettier in 9 minutes # 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Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Mar 6 '22 Frontend Rendering: SSG vs ISG vs SSR vs CSR - When to use which? # webdev # javascript # programming # html 32 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 5 min read Flexbox Decoded: Complete Illustrated Guide Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Feb 27 '22 Flexbox Decoded: Complete Illustrated Guide # webdev # html # css # ux 16 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 6 min read 6 Killer Functions in JavaScript that Made My Lifeย Easier Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Feb 20 '22 6 Killer Functions in JavaScript that Made My Lifeย Easier # javascript # webdev # programming # productivity 186 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 3 min read 7 Killer One-Liners in JavaScript Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Feb 13 '22 7 Killer One-Liners in JavaScript # javascript # webdev # programming # productivity 1174 ย reactions Comments 40 ย comments 3 min read JavaScript on Steroids: Why and How Pros use TypeScript Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Feb 6 '22 JavaScript on Steroids: Why and How Pros use TypeScript # javascript # typescript # webdev # tutorial 19 ย reactions Comments 4 ย comments 5 min read React Hooks: Gotta Hook โEm All Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jan 30 '22 React Hooks: Gotta Hook โEm All # react # javascript # webdev # programming 28 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 5 min read The Complete React Roadmap Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jan 23 '22 The Complete React Roadmap # react # javascript # typescript # webdev 738 ย reactions Comments 11 ย comments 7 min read 25 Tips I Wish I Knew Before I Started to Code Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jan 16 '22 25 Tips I Wish I Knew Before I Started to Code # productivity # career # beginners # webdev 74 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 6 min read 5 UX Tricks You Must Know in 2022 Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jan 9 '22 5 UX Tricks You Must Know in 2022 # webdev # ux # ui # webdesign 40 ย reactions Comments 2 ย comments 4 min read Advanced Git Concepts You Should Know Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Tapajyoti Bose Follow Jan 2 '22 Advanced Git Concepts You Should Know # git # github # productivity # programming 224 ย reactions Comments 8 ย comments 5 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. 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PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws.ย 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core โ Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/t/tutorial/page/2#main-content | Tutorial Page 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # tutorial Follow Hide Tutorial is a general purpose tag. We welcome all types of tutorial - code related or not! It's all about learning, and using tutorials to teach others! Create Post submission guidelines Tutorials should teach by example. This can include an interactive component or steps the reader can follow to understand. Older #tutorial posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How to Build SEO-Friendly Ecommerce Product Pages ar abid ar abid ar abid Follow Jan 12 How to Build SEO-Friendly Ecommerce Product Pages # frontend # performance # tutorial # webdev Comments Addย Comment 3 min read I built an agent that turns customer calls into Linear tickets Tori Tori Tori Follow Jan 12 I built an agent that turns customer calls into Linear tickets # ai # aiops # tutorial # programming 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Building Advanced Data Tables with AG Grid in React Michael Turner Michael Turner Michael Turner Follow Jan 12 Building Advanced Data Tables with AG Grid in React # react # tutorial # beginners # programming Comments Addย Comment 6 min read Guide to get started with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Neweraofcoding Neweraofcoding Neweraofcoding Follow Jan 12 Guide to get started with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) # beginners # llm # rag # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Advanced Data Management with GigaTables React: Building Enterprise-Grade Tables Michael Turner Michael Turner Michael Turner Follow Jan 12 Advanced Data Management with GigaTables React: Building Enterprise-Grade Tables # webdev # programming # beginners # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 6 min read Getting Started with Fortune Sheet in React: Building Your First Spreadsheet Michael Turner Michael Turner Michael Turner Follow Jan 12 Getting Started with Fortune Sheet in React: Building Your First Spreadsheet # react # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Let's Build a Deep Learning Library from Scratch Using NumPy (Part 4: nn.Module) zekcrates zekcrates zekcrates Follow Jan 12 Let's Build a Deep Learning Library from Scratch Using NumPy (Part 4: nn.Module) # showdev # deeplearning # python # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Trust any proxy in Laravel Sergio Peris Sergio Peris Sergio Peris Follow Jan 12 Trust any proxy in Laravel # laravel # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the `.git` Folder Umar Hayat Umar Hayat Umar Hayat Follow Jan 12 Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the `.git` Folder # git # beginners # tutorial # learning 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify Daniel Daniel Daniel Follow for Datalaria Jan 12 Proyecto Weather Service (Parte 1): Construyendo el Recolector de Datos con Python y GitHub Actions o Netlify # dataengineering # python # spanish # tutorial 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 10 min read Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify Daniel Daniel Daniel Follow for Datalaria Jan 12 Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # automation # python # tutorial 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 9 min read ASP.NET Core Authentication with JWT (Easy, Real-World Explanation) Mehedi Hasan Mehedi Hasan Mehedi Hasan Follow Jan 12 ASP.NET Core Authentication with JWT (Easy, Real-World Explanation) # dotnet # security # tutorial # webdev Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Build a Hashtag Research Tool That Finds Hidden Gems Olamide Olaniyan Olamide Olaniyan Olamide Olaniyan Follow Jan 12 Build a Hashtag Research Tool That Finds Hidden Gems # webdev # programming # ai # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 9 min read Fast Infrastructure: Understanding Crossplane like a Fast Food Restaurant Willem van Heemstra Willem van Heemstra Willem van Heemstra Follow for The Software's Journey Jan 12 Fast Infrastructure: Understanding Crossplane like a Fast Food Restaurant # crossplane # infrastructureascode # cloudcomputing # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 11 min read Power Up React: Mastering Lists, Keys, and Component Patterns! (React Day 4) Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Follow Jan 12 Power Up React: Mastering Lists, Keys, and Component Patterns! (React Day 4) # javascript # react # tutorial 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Integrating HubSpot with Salesforce using Webhooks for Real-Time Data Synchronization CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 12 Integrating HubSpot with Salesforce using Webhooks for Real-Time Data Synchronization # api # webdev # tutorial # programming 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 13 min read Unlocking the Power of Inheritance in Python Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Follow Jan 12 Unlocking the Power of Inheritance in Python # beginners # programming # python # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 2 min read [Learning Notes] [Golang] How to Develop OAuth2 PKCE with Golang - Using LINE Login as an Example Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Learning Notes] [Golang] How to Develop OAuth2 PKCE with Golang - Using LINE Login as an Example # security # webdev # go # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 8 min read LINE Bot Developer Guide: Important Notes for Receiving Requests via Webhook URL Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Bot Developer Guide: Important Notes for Receiving Requests via Webhook URL # api # backend # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 10 min read Itโs 2026: Stop Using AWS IAM and Start Using IAM Identity Center Manusha Chethiyawardhana Manusha Chethiyawardhana Manusha Chethiyawardhana Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 11 Itโs 2026: Stop Using AWS IAM and Start Using IAM Identity Center # aws # tutorial # devops # cloud 5 ย reactions Comments 1 ย comment 5 min read LINE Bot Developer Guide: Other Related Features Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Bot Developer Guide: Other Related Features # documentation # tutorial # api # programming Comments Addย Comment 7 min read LINE Bot Developer Guide: LINE Login (Supplement) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Bot Developer Guide: LINE Login (Supplement) # api # programming # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 6 min read [Learning Notes] LINE Bot Developer Guide Explained - 4. LINE Login Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Learning Notes] LINE Bot Developer Guide Explained - 4. LINE Login # api # learning # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 9 min read [Golang] Deploy Docker Containers on GitHub with Heroku (One-Click) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Golang] Deploy Docker Containers on GitHub with Heroku (One-Click) # docker # go # devops # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 4 min read LINE Bot Developer Guide: Sending API Requests - Notes Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Bot Developer Guide: Sending API Requests - Notes # learning # api # tutorial # programming Comments Addย Comment 9 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/how-to-question-any-system-design-problem-with-live-interview-walkthrough-2cd4#the-question | How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # systemdesign # interview # architecture # career Thinking in First Principles: Most system design interview failures are not caused by missing knowledge of tools. They are caused by missing questions . Strong candidates do not start by designing systems. They start by interrogating the problem . This post teaches you: How to question a system from first principles How to apply that questioning live in an interview What mistakes candidates commonly make A printable one-page checklist you can memorize and reuse No prior system design experience required. What โFirst Principlesโ Means in System Design First principles means reducing a problem to fundamental truths that must always hold , regardless of: Programming language Framework Infrastructure Scale Every systemโchat apps, payment systems, video processing pipelinesโmust answer the same core questions about: State Time Failure Order Scale If a design cannot answer one of these, it is incomplete. The 5-Step First-Principles Questioning Framework You will apply these questions in order . State โ Where does information live? When is it durable? Time โ How long does each step take? Failure โ What breaks independently? Order โ What defines correct sequence? Scale โ What grows fastest under load? This is not a checklist you recite. It is a thinking sequence . Letโs walk through each one. 1. State โ Where Does It Live? When Is It Durable? The Question Where does the systemโs information exist, and when is it safe from loss? This is always the first question because nothing else matters if data disappears. What Youโre Really Asking Is data stored in memory or persisted? What survives a crash or restart? What is the source of truth? Example Case Imagine a system that accepts user requests and processes them later. If the request only lives in memory: A restart loses it A crash loses it Another instance canโt see it You have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance one. Key Insight If state only exists in a running process, it does not exist. 2. Time โ How Long Does Each Step Take? Once state exists, time becomes unavoidable. The Question Which steps are fast, and which are slow? You are comparing orders of magnitude , not exact numbers. What Youโre Really Asking Is there long-running work? Does the user wait for it? Is fast work blocked by slow work? Example Case A system: Accepts a request (milliseconds) Performs heavy processing (seconds) If the request waits for processing: Latency is dominated by the slowest step Throughput collapses under load Key Insight The slowest step defines the user experience. 3. Failure โ What Breaks Independently? Now assume something goes wrong. It always will. The Question Which parts of the system can fail without the others failing? What Youโre Really Asking What if the system crashes mid-operation? What if work is retried? Can the same work run twice? Example Case If work can be retried: It may run twice Side effects may duplicate State may become inconsistent This is not a bug. It is the default behavior of distributed systems. Key Insight Distributed systems fail partially, not cleanly. 4. Order โ What Defines Correct Sequence? Ordering issues appear only after state, time, and failure are considered. The Question Does correctness depend on the order of operations? What Youโre Really Asking Does arrival order equal processing order? Can later work finish earlier? Does that matter? Example Case Two requests arrive: A then B If B completes before A: Is the system still correct? If the answer is โno,โ order must be explicitly enforced. Key Insight If order matters, it must be designedโnot assumed. 5. Scale โ What Grows Fastest? Only now do we talk about scale. The Question As usage increases, which dimension grows fastest? What Youโre Really Asking Requests? Stored data? Concurrent operations? Waiting work? Example Case If each request waits on slow work: Concurrent waiting grows with latency Resources exhaust quickly Key Insight Systems fail at the fastest-growing dimension. Live Mock Interview Case Study (Detailed) Interviewer โDesign a system where users submit tasks and receive results later.โ Candidate (Correct Approach) Candidate: Before designing, Iโd like to understand what state the system must preserve. Step 1: State Candidate: We must store: The userโs request The result A way to associate them This state must survive crashes, so it needs to be persisted. Interviewer: Good. Continue. Step 2: Time Candidate: Submitting a request is likely fast. Producing a result could be slow. If we make users wait for result generation, latency will be high and throughput limited. So the system likely separates request acceptance from processing. Step 3: Failure Candidate: Now Iโll assume failures. If processing crashes mid-way: The request still exists Processing may retry That means the same task could execute twice. So we must consider whether duplicate execution is safe. Step 4: Order Candidate: If users submit multiple tasks: Does order matter? If yes: Arrival order โ completion order We need to explicitly preserve sequence If no: Tasks can be processed independently Step 5: Scale Candidate: Under load, the fastest-growing dimension is: Pending background work If processing is slow, the backlog grows quickly. So the system must degrade gracefully under that pressure. Interviewer Assessment The candidate: Asked structured questions Identified real failure modes Avoided premature tools Demonstrated systems thinking No tools were required to pass this interview. Common Mistakes Candidates Make 1. Jumping to Solutions โ โWeโll use Kafkaโ โ
โWhat happens if work runs twice?โ 2. Treating State as Implementation Detail โ โWeโll store it somewhereโ โ
โWhat must never be lost?โ 3. Ignoring Failure โ โRetries should workโ โ
โWhat if retries duplicate effects?โ 4. Assuming Order โ โRequests are processed in orderโ โ
โWhat enforces that order?โ 5. Talking About Scale Too Early โ โMillions of usersโ โ
โWhich dimension explodes first?โ Printable One-Page Interview Checklist You can print or memorize this. First-Principles System Design Checklist Ask these in order: State What information must exist? Where does it live? When is it durable? Time Which steps are fast? Which are slow? Does slow work block fast work? Failure What can fail independently? Can work be retried? What happens if it runs twice? Order Does correctness depend on sequence? Is arrival order preserved? What enforces ordering? Scale What grows fastest? How does the system fail under load? Final Mental Model Great system design is not about building systems. It is about exposing hidden assumptions. This framework helps you do thatโcalmly, systematically, and convincingly. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async QueueโBased Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Beginners Follow Hide "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." -Chinese Proverb Create Post submission guidelines UPDATED AUGUST 2, 2019 This tag is dedicated to beginners to programming, development, networking, or to a particular language. Everything should be geared towards that! For Questions... Consider using this tag along with #help, if... You are new to a language, or to programming in general, You want an explanation with NO prerequisite knowledge required. You want insight from more experienced developers. Please do not use this tag if you are merely new to a tool, library, or framework. See also, #explainlikeimfive For Articles... Posts should be specifically geared towards true beginners (experience level 0-2 out of 10). 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Right menu How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular SignalsโโโWithout Losing Control kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular SignalsโโโWithout Losing Control # webdev # javascript # beginners # angular Comments Addย Comment 27 min read AI Automation vs AI Agents: Whatโs the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Follow Jan 8 AI Automation vs AI Agents: Whatโs the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) # agents # tutorial # beginners # ai 1 ย reaction Comments 1 ย comment 3 min read How I Would Learn Web3 From Scratch Today (Without Wasting a Year) Emir Taner Emir Taner Emir Taner Follow Jan 12 How I Would Learn Web3 From Scratch Today (Without Wasting a Year) # web3 # beginners # devops # machinelearning 3 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Follow Jan 7 Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today # aws # beginners # cloud # career Comments Addย Comment 2 min read When Clients & Students Ask Is Web Development Dead? 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Bhupendra Er. Bhupendra Er. Bhupendra Follow Jan 7 USE NEW KEYWORD IN METHOD FOR OBJECT CREATION AND PUTTING VALUE IN IT(SPRINGBOOT) # beginners # java # springboot Comments Addย Comment 1 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://core.forem.com/privacy#5-your-privacy-choices-and-rights | Privacy Policy - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" โ we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws.ย 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. 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https://dev.to/jwebsite-go/sinie-zielienoie-razviertyvaniie-na-eks-14e3#%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B2-kubernetes-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0 | ะกะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะพะต ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฝะฐ EKS - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Posted on Jan 9 ะกะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะพะต ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต ะฝะฐ EKS # eks # aws # bluegreen # programming EKS = ะฃะฟัะฐะฒะปัะตะผัะน Kubernetes ะพั Amazon Web Services EKS ะฟัะตะดะพััะฐะฒะปัะตั ะฒะฐะผ: ะฃะฟัะฐะฒะปัััะฐั ะฟะปะพัะบะพััั ** Kubernetes** (API-ัะตัะฒะตั, ะฟะปะฐะฝะธัะพะฒัะธะบ). AWS ัะฟัะฐะฒะปัะตั ััะธะผ ะทะฐ ะฒะฐั. ะะฐะผ ะฒัั ะตัั ะฝะตะพะฑั
ะพะดะธะผะพ: ะ ะฐะฑะพัะธะต ัะทะปั (EC2) โ ะดะปั ะทะฐะฟััะบะฐ ะฟะพะดะพะฒ kubectl **โ ะดะปั ัะฒัะทะธ ั ะบะปะฐััะตัะพะผ **YAML โ ะดะปั ัะบะฐะทะฐะฝะธั Kubernetes, ััะพ ะฝัะถะฝะพ ะทะฐะฟัััะธัั. ะัะตะฝั ะฒะฐะถะฝะฐั ะผะตะฝัะฐะปัะฝะฐั ะผะพะดะตะปั _`Your laptop (kubectl) | v EKS API Server (managed by AWS) | v Worker Nodes (EC2) โ Pods โ Containers`_ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะะพะดะบะปััะฐัััั ะบ ัะทะปะฐะผ ะฟะพ SSH ะะะะะะะ ะฝะตะปัะทั. ะจะฐะณ 1 โ ะกะพะทะดะฐะนัะต EKS ะฒัััะฝัั (ัะตัะตะท ะบะพะฝัะพะปั AWS, ะฑะตะท ะธัะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐะฝะธั ะธะฝััััะผะตะฝัะพะฒ). 1. ะัะบัะพะนัะต ะบะพะฝัะพะปั AWS โ EKS ะัะฑะตัะธัะต ัะตะณะธะพะฝ (ะฝะฐะฟัะธะผะตั: us-east-1) ะะฐะถะผะธัะต ยซะกะพะทะดะฐัั ะบะปะฐััะตัยป . 2. ะะพะฝัะธะณััะฐัะธั ะบะปะฐััะตัะฐ ะะฐะฟะพะปะฝััั ัะพะปัะบะพ: ะะผั * : bluegreen-demo * ะะตััะธั Kubernetes : ะฟะพ ัะผะพะปัะฐะฝะธั ะ ะพะปั ะบะปะฐััะตัะฝะพะน ัะปัะถะฑั * : ะัะปะธ AWS ะพัะพะฑัะฐะถะฐะตั ะตั, ะฒัะฑะตัะธัะต ะตั. ะัะปะธ ะฝะตั, ะฝะฐะถะผะธัะต * ยซะกะพะทะดะฐัั ัะพะปัยป (AWS ัะพะทะดะฐัั ะตั ะฐะฒัะพะผะฐัะธัะตัะบะธ). ะะฐะถะผะธัะต ะะฐะปะตะต 3. ะกะตัะตะฒะพะต ะฒะทะฐะธะผะพะดะตะนััะฒะธะต ะัะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัั ะทะฝะฐัะตะฝะธั ะฟะพ ัะผะพะปัะฐะฝะธั : VPC ะฟะพ ัะผะพะปัะฐะฝะธั ะะฐะบ ะผะธะฝะธะผัะผ 2 ะฟะพะดัะตัะธ ะะพัััะฟ ะบ ะพะฑัะตะดะพัััะฟะฝะพะน ะบะพะฝะตัะฝะพะน ัะพัะบะต ะะฐะถะผะธัะต ยซ ะกะพะทะดะฐัั ยป. โณ ะะพะถะดะธัะตัั ะฐะบัะธะฒะฐัะธะธ ะ ััะพั ะผะพะผะตะฝั: Kubernetes ัััะตััะฒัะตั ะะ ะฟะพะบะฐ ะฝะธัะตะณะพ ะฝะต ะผะพะถะตั ะฑะตะถะฐัั ะจะฐะณ 2 โ ะกะพะทะดะฐะฝะธะต ัะฐะฑะพัะธั
ัะทะปะพะฒ (ะญะขะ ัะพะทะดะฐัั EC2) ะะฐัะตะผ ะฝะฐะผ ััะพ ะฝัะถะฝะพ Kubernetes ัะฐะทะผะตัะฐะตั ะฟะพะดั ะฝะฐ ัะทะปะฐั
. ะะตั ัะทะปะพะฒ = ะฝะตั ะฟะพะดะพะฒ. ะกะพะทะดะฐัั ะณััะฟะฟั ัะทะปะพะฒ ะะฝัััะธ ะฒะฐัะตะณะพ ะบะปะฐััะตัะฐ: ะะตัะตะนะดะธัะต ะฒ ัะฐะทะดะตะป ยซะััะธัะปะตะฝะธัยป โ ยซะะพะฑะฐะฒะธัั ะณััะฟะฟั ัะทะปะพะฒยป. ะะฐะฟะพะปะฝััั: ะะผั: bg-nodes ะ ะพะปั IAM: ัะพะทะดะฐัั/ะฒัะฑัะฐัั ัะพะปั ัะฐะฑะพัะฝะธะบะฐ ะฟะพ ัะผะพะปัะฐะฝะธั ะะฐัััะพะนะบะธ ัะทะปะฐ: ะขะธะฟ ัะบะทะตะผะฟะปััะฐ:t3.medium ะะตะปะฐัะตะปัะฝะพ: 2 ะะธะฝ.: 2 ะะฐะบั.: 3 ะกะพะทะดะฐัั ะณััะฟะฟั ัะทะปะพะฒ โ ะดะพะถะดะฐัััั ะฐะบัะธะฒะฐัะธะธ ะขะตะฟะตัั EC2 ัััะตััะฒัะตั ะฐะฒัะพะผะฐัะธัะตัะบะธ. ะจะฐะณ 3 โ ะะพะดะบะปััะธัะต kubectl (ัะฐะบ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะตั DevOps) ะก ะฒะฐัะตะณะพ ะฝะพััะฑัะบะฐ: aws eks update-kubeconfig \ --region us-east-1 \ --name bluegreen-demo Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะัะพะฒะตัััั: kubectl get nodes Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะัะปะธ ะฒั ะฒะธะดะธัะต ัะทะปั โ ะทะฝะฐัะธั, ะฒั ัะพะตะดะธะฝะตะฝั. ะะฟัะตะดั: ะะพะฝัะพะปั AWS ะฟัะฐะบัะธัะตัะบะธ ะฝะตะฐะบััะฐะปัะฝะฐ. ะัั ะดะตะปะฐะตััั ั ะฟะพะผะพััั kubectl ะะพัะตะผั ัััะตััะฒััั ัััะฐัะตะณะธะธ ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั (ะะงะะะฌ ะะะะะ) ะะพ Kubernetes (ััะฐััะน ะผะธั) ะััะฐะฝะพะฒะธัั ะฟัะธะปะพะถะตะฝะธะต ะ ะฐะทะฒะตัะฝััั ะฝะพะฒัั ะฒะตััะธั ะะฐะฟัััะธัะต ะฟัะธะปะพะถะตะฝะธะต ัะฝะพะฒะฐ. ะะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธ ะฒะธะดัั ะฒัะตะผั ะฟัะพััะพั ะัะบะฐั ะฟัะพะธัั
ะพะดะธั ะผะตะดะปะตะฝะฝะพ. ะัะพะฑะปะตะผั, ั ะบะพัะพััะผะธ ััะฐะปะบะธะฒะฐะปัั DevOps ะัะพััะพะธ ะฒะพ ะฒัะตะผั ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั ะะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธ ะฟะพะปััะฐัั ะพัะธะฑะบะธ ะัััััะน ะพัะบะฐั ะฝะตะดะพัััะฟะตะฝ. ะกััะฐั
ะฟะตัะตะด ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะตะผ ะฒะพะนัะบ ะัะพะฑะปะตะผะฐ ั Kubernetes ัะตัะตะฝะฐ: - ะะฐะฟััะปั - ะฃัะปัะณะธ - ะกะฐะผะพะธััะตะปะตะฝะธะต ะะดะฝะฐะบะพ ัััะฐัะตะณะธั ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั ะพะฟัะตะดะตะปัะตั, ะบะฐะบ ะฑัะดะตั ะฟะตัะตะผะตัะฐัััั ััะฐัะธะบ. ะะผะตะฝะฝะพ ะฟะพััะพะผั * ัััะตััะฒััั ัััะฐัะตะณะธะธ ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั * . ะงัะพ ัะฐะบะพะต ัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะฐั ัััะฐัะตะณะธั (ะฒ ะฟัะพััะพะผ ะฒะธะดะต)? ะกะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน = ะดะฒะต ะฒะตััะธะธ, ัะฐะฑะพัะฐััะธะต ะพะดะฝะพะฒัะตะผะตะฝะฝะพ. ะกะธะฝะธะน โ ัะตะบััะตะต ะฟัะพะธะทะฒะพะดััะฒะพ ะะตะปะตะฝัะน โ ะฝะพะฒะฐั ะฒะตััะธั, ะฟัะพัะตััะธัะพะฒะฐะฝะฐ ะขัะฐะฝัะฟะพััะฝัะน ะฟะพัะพะบ ัะตะทะบะพ ะผะตะฝัะตั ะฝะฐะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธะต ะดะฒะธะถะตะฝะธั. ะััััััะฒะธะต ัะฐััะธัะฝะพะณะพ ััะฐัะธะบะฐ. ะััััััะฒะธะต ะทะฐะผะตะดะปะตะฝะธั ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธั. ะะพัะตะผั ัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน ัะฒะตั ะธัะฟะพะปัะทัะตััั ะฒ DevOps ะัะตะธะผััะตััะฒะฐ ะััััััะฒะธะต ะฟัะพััะพะตะฒ ะะณะฝะพะฒะตะฝะฝัะน ะพัะบะฐั ะะตะทะพะฟะฐัะฝัะต ัะตะปะธะทั ะะตะณะบะพ ะฟะพะฝััั ะัะตะดัะบะฐะทัะตะผะพะต ะฟะพะฒะตะดะตะฝะธะต ะะพะณะดะฐ DevOps ะฒัะฑะธัะฐะตั ัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน ะฟะพะดั
ะพะด ะัะธัะธัะตัะบะธะต ะฟัะธะปะพะถะตะฝะธั API ะคะธะฝะฐะฝัะพะฒัะต ัะธััะตะผั ะะฝัััะตะฝะฝะธะต ะฟะปะฐััะพัะผั ะะพะณะดะฐ ะฝะตัะดะฐัะฐ ะพะฑั
ะพะดะธััั ะดะพัะพะณะพ ะะฐะบ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐะตั ะฟัะธะฝัะธะฟ ยซัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะพะณะพยป ะฒะทะฐะธะผะพะดะตะนััะฒะธั ะฒ Kubernetes (ะฟัะพััะฐั ะธััะธะฝะฐ) Kubernetes ัะถะต ะฟัะตะดะพััะฐะฒะปัะตั ะฝะฐะผ ัะฐะบะพะน ะธะฝััััะผะตะฝั: ๐ ะกะตัะฒะธั ะ ะตัะตะฝะธะต ะฟัะธะฝะธะผะฐะตั ัะปัะถะฑะฐ: ยซะะฐะบะธะต ะผะพะดัะปะธ ะฟะพัะตัะฐัั ะฟะพะปัะทะพะฒะฐัะตะปะธ?ยป ะกะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน = * ะธะทะผะตะฝะธัั ัะตะปะตะบัะพั ััะปัะณะธ * ะะพั ะธ ะฒัะต. ะะฝะตะดัะตะฝะธะต ัะธะฝะต-ะทะตะปะตะฝะพะณะพ ะฟะพะดั
ะพะดะฐ (ั ะฝัะปั) 1๏ธโฃ ะ ะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต Blue (ะฒะตััะธั 1 โ ะฒ ัะฐะฑะพัะตะผ ัะตะถะธะผะต) apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: app-blue spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: demo color: blue template: metadata: labels: app: demo color: blue spec: containers: - name: app image: hashicorp/http-echo:0.2.3 args: ["-text=BLUE v1"] ports: - containerPort: 5678 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2๏ธโฃ ะญะบะพะปะพะณะธัะฝะพะต ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต (ะฒะตััะธั 2 โ ะฝะต ะทะฐะฟััะตะฝะฐ) apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: app-green spec: replicas: 2 selector: matchLabels: app: demo color: green template: metadata: labels: app: demo color: green spec: containers: - name: app image: hashicorp/http-echo:0.2.3 args: ["-text=GREEN v2"] ports: - containerPort: 5678 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3๏ธโฃ ะกะตัะฒะธั (ะฟัะพะธะทะฒะพะดััะฒะตะฝะฝัะน ััะฐัะธะบ) apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: prod-svc spec: selector: app: demo color: blue # LIVE VERSION ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 5678 ะญัะพ ะฟะตัะตะบะปััะฐัะตะปั ัะฟัะฐะฒะปะตะฝะธั . ะ ะฐะทะฒะตัะฝะธัะต ะฒัั kubectl apply -f blue.yaml kubectl apply -f green.yaml kubectl apply -f service.yaml Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะขัะฐัะธะบ โ ะกะะะะ ะกะฐะผะพ ัะฐะทะฒะตัััะฒะฐะฝะธะต (ัะธะฝะธะน โ ะทะตะปะตะฝัะน) ะะทะผะตะฝะธัะต ะพะดะฝั ัััะพะบั: color: green Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะะพะดะฐะนัะต ะทะฐัะฒะบั ัะฝะพะฒะฐ: kubectl apply -f service.yaml Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะขัะฐะฝัะฟะพััะฝัะน ะฟะพัะพะบ ะผะณะฝะพะฒะตะฝะฝะพ ะฟะตัะตะบะปััะฐะตััั. ะะตัะตะทะฐะณััะทะบะฐ Pod ะฝะต ััะตะฑัะตััั. ะัะพััะพะน ะพััััััะฒัะตั. ะัะบะฐั (ะฑะตะทะพะฟะฐัะฝะพััั DevOps) ะะตัะฝะธัะตัั ะฝะฐะทะฐะด: color: blue Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ะัะธะผะตะฝะธัั โ ะพัะบะฐั ะทะฐะฒะตััะตะฝ. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Follow DevOps Engineer. AWS, Terraform, Docker and CI/CD. Building real projects and sharing my DevOps journey. Location United States Work DevOps Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2025 More from Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Readiness probe # aws # kubernetes # beginners # devops Kubernetes #1 # kubernetes # nginx # docker # programming ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/how-to-question-any-system-design-problem-with-live-interview-walkthrough-2cd4#1-state-where-does-it-live-when-is-it-durable | How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # systemdesign # interview # architecture # career Thinking in First Principles: Most system design interview failures are not caused by missing knowledge of tools. They are caused by missing questions . Strong candidates do not start by designing systems. They start by interrogating the problem . This post teaches you: How to question a system from first principles How to apply that questioning live in an interview What mistakes candidates commonly make A printable one-page checklist you can memorize and reuse No prior system design experience required. What โFirst Principlesโ Means in System Design First principles means reducing a problem to fundamental truths that must always hold , regardless of: Programming language Framework Infrastructure Scale Every systemโchat apps, payment systems, video processing pipelinesโmust answer the same core questions about: State Time Failure Order Scale If a design cannot answer one of these, it is incomplete. The 5-Step First-Principles Questioning Framework You will apply these questions in order . State โ Where does information live? When is it durable? Time โ How long does each step take? Failure โ What breaks independently? Order โ What defines correct sequence? Scale โ What grows fastest under load? This is not a checklist you recite. It is a thinking sequence . Letโs walk through each one. 1. State โ Where Does It Live? When Is It Durable? The Question Where does the systemโs information exist, and when is it safe from loss? This is always the first question because nothing else matters if data disappears. What Youโre Really Asking Is data stored in memory or persisted? What survives a crash or restart? What is the source of truth? Example Case Imagine a system that accepts user requests and processes them later. If the request only lives in memory: A restart loses it A crash loses it Another instance canโt see it You have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance one. Key Insight If state only exists in a running process, it does not exist. 2. Time โ How Long Does Each Step Take? Once state exists, time becomes unavoidable. The Question Which steps are fast, and which are slow? You are comparing orders of magnitude , not exact numbers. What Youโre Really Asking Is there long-running work? Does the user wait for it? Is fast work blocked by slow work? Example Case A system: Accepts a request (milliseconds) Performs heavy processing (seconds) If the request waits for processing: Latency is dominated by the slowest step Throughput collapses under load Key Insight The slowest step defines the user experience. 3. Failure โ What Breaks Independently? Now assume something goes wrong. It always will. The Question Which parts of the system can fail without the others failing? What Youโre Really Asking What if the system crashes mid-operation? What if work is retried? Can the same work run twice? Example Case If work can be retried: It may run twice Side effects may duplicate State may become inconsistent This is not a bug. It is the default behavior of distributed systems. Key Insight Distributed systems fail partially, not cleanly. 4. Order โ What Defines Correct Sequence? Ordering issues appear only after state, time, and failure are considered. The Question Does correctness depend on the order of operations? What Youโre Really Asking Does arrival order equal processing order? Can later work finish earlier? Does that matter? Example Case Two requests arrive: A then B If B completes before A: Is the system still correct? If the answer is โno,โ order must be explicitly enforced. Key Insight If order matters, it must be designedโnot assumed. 5. Scale โ What Grows Fastest? Only now do we talk about scale. The Question As usage increases, which dimension grows fastest? What Youโre Really Asking Requests? Stored data? Concurrent operations? Waiting work? Example Case If each request waits on slow work: Concurrent waiting grows with latency Resources exhaust quickly Key Insight Systems fail at the fastest-growing dimension. Live Mock Interview Case Study (Detailed) Interviewer โDesign a system where users submit tasks and receive results later.โ Candidate (Correct Approach) Candidate: Before designing, Iโd like to understand what state the system must preserve. Step 1: State Candidate: We must store: The userโs request The result A way to associate them This state must survive crashes, so it needs to be persisted. Interviewer: Good. Continue. Step 2: Time Candidate: Submitting a request is likely fast. Producing a result could be slow. If we make users wait for result generation, latency will be high and throughput limited. So the system likely separates request acceptance from processing. Step 3: Failure Candidate: Now Iโll assume failures. If processing crashes mid-way: The request still exists Processing may retry That means the same task could execute twice. So we must consider whether duplicate execution is safe. Step 4: Order Candidate: If users submit multiple tasks: Does order matter? If yes: Arrival order โ completion order We need to explicitly preserve sequence If no: Tasks can be processed independently Step 5: Scale Candidate: Under load, the fastest-growing dimension is: Pending background work If processing is slow, the backlog grows quickly. So the system must degrade gracefully under that pressure. Interviewer Assessment The candidate: Asked structured questions Identified real failure modes Avoided premature tools Demonstrated systems thinking No tools were required to pass this interview. Common Mistakes Candidates Make 1. Jumping to Solutions โ โWeโll use Kafkaโ โ
โWhat happens if work runs twice?โ 2. Treating State as Implementation Detail โ โWeโll store it somewhereโ โ
โWhat must never be lost?โ 3. Ignoring Failure โ โRetries should workโ โ
โWhat if retries duplicate effects?โ 4. Assuming Order โ โRequests are processed in orderโ โ
โWhat enforces that order?โ 5. Talking About Scale Too Early โ โMillions of usersโ โ
โWhich dimension explodes first?โ Printable One-Page Interview Checklist You can print or memorize this. First-Principles System Design Checklist Ask these in order: State What information must exist? Where does it live? When is it durable? Time Which steps are fast? Which are slow? Does slow work block fast work? Failure What can fail independently? Can work be retried? What happens if it runs twice? Order Does correctness depend on sequence? Is arrival order preserved? What enforces ordering? Scale What grows fastest? How does the system fail under load? Final Mental Model Great system design is not about building systems. It is about exposing hidden assumptions. This framework helps you do thatโcalmly, systematically, and convincingly. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async QueueโBased Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://core.forem.com/privacy#7-retention-of-personal-information | Privacy Policy - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. 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Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws.ย 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core โ Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/chad_musselman_f3bbf4cc78/im-experimenting-with-purchase-history-as-a-signal-for-product-recommendations-curious-what-im-4l99#comments | Iโm experimenting with purchase history as a signal for product recommendations. Curious what Iโm missing. - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Chad Musselman Posted on Dec 15, 2025 Iโm experimenting with purchase history as a signal for product recommendations. Curious what Iโm missing. # startup # ai # beginners # testing Iโm a solo founder working on an early-stage experiment called Pearch. At a high level, itโs a Chrome extension that surfaces product recommendations while someone is browsing online, but the part Iโm most interested in right now is signals. The problem Iโm exploring Most recommendation systems Iโve worked with or studied lean heavily on one of two things: Browsing behavior (clicks, views, dwell time) Similarity signals (category, visual similarity, embeddings) What Iโve been questioning lately is whether historic purchase behavior might be a stronger anchor for relevance than either of those alone, especially when combined with real-time browsing context. In other words: What if we treated what someone has actually bought as the primary signal, and everything else as supporting evidence? Why this feels interesting (and risky) Purchase data is: Sparse Delayed Messy across retailers But itโs also the clearest expression of intent we have. Iโm trying to understand: Does anchoring recommendations on purchase history meaningfully improve relevance? Where does this break down at small scale? At what point does recency matter more than history? How do you avoid overfitting someone to who they were versus who theyโre becoming? What Iโm not doing Iโm not selling anything. Iโm not claiming this is the right approach. Iโm not optimizing for growth yet. This is still very much an exploration of signal quality and system design, not a polished product. What Iโd love feedback on If youโve worked on recommendation systems, personalization, or ecommerce tooling: What signals ended up being more valuable than you expected? What signals looked promising but failed in practice? How do you think about balancing long-term behavior vs in-session intent? Are there obvious pitfalls I should be pressure-testing earlier? Happy to learn from anyone whoโs been down this path before. Even strong skepticism is useful here. Thanks for reading. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Chad Musselman Follow Location Los Angeles Education UCLA Work Founder at Pearch Joined Dec 15, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot Prompt Engineering Wonโt Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning I Am 38, I Am a Nurse, and I Have Always Wanted to Learn Coding # career # learning # beginners # coding ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://core.forem.com/privacy#1-what-does-this-privacy-policy-apply-to | Privacy Policy - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" โ we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . 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https://dev.to/hoverbaum/how-to-add-code-highlighting-to-your-devto-posts-2lp6#comment-bi2l | How to add code highlighting to your Dev.to posts. - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Hendrik Posted on Sep 10, 2018 How to add code highlighting to your Dev.to posts. # explainlikeimfive # postwriting # markdown # codeception The simple truth of the matter is that: const turorialFunction = ( name ) => { console . log ( `Hello ${ name } ` ) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode does look way nicer than: const turorialFunction = (name) => { console.log(`Hello ${name}`) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode when writing a post here on Dev.to. How to do it Dev.tos posts are based on Markdown. Within Markdown we can use identation or so called Code Blocks to specify sections of code. The later ones are indicated using ``` . Read more about this in this cheatsheet . Using the three ` variant we can also specify a language for the code block. A lot of tooling build on top of Markdown utilized this characteristic to implement richer features. But the simplest of them is code highlighting. The above nicely colored code snippet is achieved by starting the code block with ```javascript . The full example for the above would be: ```javascript const turorialFunction = (name) => { console.log(`Hello ${name}`) } ``` And if you are now wondering how the hell I got that to display: <pre> ```javascript const turorialFunction = (name) => { console.log(`Hello ${name}`) } ``` </pre> and the inline code is: <code>&#96;&#96;&#96;</code> . Here is where my explanations stop and your colorful posts start. The list of supported languages is impressive, though not all encompassing (check comments). Top comments (40) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Maxime Maxime Maxime Follow Gradient developer and accessibility advocate ๐ฅ Location Stockholm, Sweden Education Bachelor of arts ๐คฆโโ๏ธ Pronouns they/them Work UI engineer at Rebtel Joined Aug 3, 2018 • Jun 7 '19 • Edited on Jun 7 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Does anyone know if dev.to supports highlighting lines of code or combining the diff highlighter with a language highlighter? My use case is to draw attention to new or update lines of code when I write tutorials. Something like this: I know we can use diff but I can't find a way to combine that with code highlighting: function hello() { - alert("Hello!"); + alert("Hi!"); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 15 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lanae BK Lanae BK Lanae BK Follow I fix things by turning them off and on again, then try to figure out why they broke. Email lanae.bk@gmail.com Location Mystic, CT Education Eastern Connecticut State University Work Architecture Advisor Joined Apr 30, 2019 • Mar 25 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am also trying to figure out how to do this - did you ever find an answer? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Maxime Maxime Maxime Follow Gradient developer and accessibility advocate ๐ฅ Location Stockholm, Sweden Education Bachelor of arts ๐คฆโโ๏ธ Pronouns they/them Work UI engineer at Rebtel Joined Aug 3, 2018 • Mar 27 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I didn't โน๏ธ Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand rhymes rhymes rhymes Follow Such software as dreams are made on. I mostly rant about performance, unnecessary complexity, privacy and data collection. Joined Feb 2, 2017 • Sep 10 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I did a quick search in the code: dev.to uses the Redcarpet Ruby library to parse Markdown with rouge which does the highlighting part. The list of lexers is impressive: Dart: void main ( ) { print ( 'Hello, World!' ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Julia: println ( "hello world" ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No Cobol though :D You can find the code in devto here and here and here Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kishor Jena Kishor Jena Kishor Jena Follow Joined Jun 12, 2022 • Jun 12 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Can you tell me the name of the theme for JS. I hope this available in vscode. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Max Cerrina Max Cerrina Max Cerrina Follow Email mrcerrina@gmail.com Joined Aug 23, 2017 • Sep 11 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also shoutout for the "how I got this to display" part because I sure WAS wondering how you got the literal ```javascript to display Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand rhymes rhymes rhymes Follow Such software as dreams are made on. I mostly rant about performance, unnecessary complexity, privacy and data collection. Joined Feb 2, 2017 • Sep 11 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide yeah, that's great, I would have used screenshots :D Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hendrik Hendrik Hendrik Follow JavaScript enthusiast and developer for fun ๐จโ๐ป Location Hamburg Joined Jul 10, 2018 • Sep 11 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Glad that part is helping ๐ Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hendrik Hendrik Hendrik Follow JavaScript enthusiast and developer for fun ๐จโ๐ป Location Hamburg Joined Jul 10, 2018 • Sep 10 '18 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Ahh interesting aspect. I will make sure to mention that above. Haven't looked into the fundamentals of dev.to but I guess they are using a code highlighter somewhere and are only including a limited amount of plugins, as in language support, to keep bundle size down. Maybe a good candidate for improvement ๐ Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Stevie G Stevie G Stevie G Follow I'm a passionate distinguished Computer Engineer Location NSW, Australia Joined May 17, 2019 • May 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks mate! Exactly what I was looking for! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anand Kumar Anand Kumar Anand Kumar Follow Experienced, Creative, ambitious and enterprising software engineer. I primarily focus on modern JavaScript, more specifically React, its ecosystem and Node.js. Location India Work Manager at Publicis Sapient Joined Jan 3, 2019 • May 5 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi @hendrik , Is there a way that I can change the background colour of the code block from black to white? Like theming or something? Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hendrik Hendrik Hendrik Follow JavaScript enthusiast and developer for fun ๐จโ๐ป Location Hamburg Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 5 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I don't think there is. The code highlight is basically a markdown feature and how it looks is defined by dev.to globally. But providing a theme to use for code blocks could be a cool feature for the Frontmatter, I agree. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Martinez Martinez Martinez Follow I building web apps with React / Next.js and Tailwind CSS and more. I'm a JavaScript enthusiast and I love doing design and UI. Joined Jan 31, 2023 • Feb 5 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can try change the language function CSS { console.log(`this is a example whit the flag css`) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode function Typescript { console . log ( `this is a example whit the flag typescript` ) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode I say this in case someone thinks that javascript is the only language that works. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand erikest erikest erikest Follow I work with a full plate on a full stack, sometimes chewing more than I intended in one bite. Location Chico Work That Dev at Home Joined Apr 4, 2019 • Apr 9 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide shell and console don't seem to add much flavor. I was hoping at least for some #comment coloring... Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Miguel Ben Miguel Ben Miguel Ben Follow Computer Science & Coding Bootcamp Grad. Location Manhattan, NY Joined Aug 2, 2018 • Aug 2 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I remember someone made their hyperlink or a tag on the blog to be pink ish with yellow background. I've been trying to figure it out. Does anyone has idea how to do it? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Rakesh Reddy Peddamallu Rakesh Reddy Peddamallu Rakesh Reddy Peddamallu Follow Iโm Rakesh from Juniper Networks, passionate about tech. Follow my blog for insights and tips from the tech world! Email rakeshreddypeddamallu05@gmail.com Location Bangalore Education RVCE Work Juniper Networks Joined Jun 25, 2023 • Aug 30 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide console . log ( " hello " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (40 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Hendrik Follow JavaScript enthusiast and developer for fun ๐จโ๐ป Location Hamburg Joined Jul 10, 2018 Trending on DEV Community Hot The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning Meme Monday # discuss # watercooler # jokes AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/datalaria/weather-service-project-part-1-building-the-data-collector-with-python-and-github-actions-or-2ibd#deploying-the-static-frontend-with-netlify | Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse Daniel for Datalaria Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at datalaria.com Weather Service Project (Part 1): Building the Data Collector with Python and GitHub Actions or Netlify # api # python # automation # tutorial As I mentioned in a previous post, one of my goals with Datalaria is to get my hands dirty with projects that allow me to learn and connect different technologies in the data world. Today, we begin a series dedicated to one of those projects: the creation of a complete global weather service , from data collection to visualization and prediction, all serverless and using free tools. In this first installment, we will focus on the heart of the system: the backend data collector . We'll see how to build a "robot" that works for us 24/7, connecting to an external API, saving structured information, and doing all this automatically and for free. Let's dive in! The First Step: Talking to the OpenWeatherMap API Every weather service needs a data source. I chose OpenWeatherMap for its popularity and generous free plan. The initial process is straightforward: Register : Create an account on their website. Get the API Key : Generate a unique key that will identify us in each call. It's like our "key" to access their data. Store the Key : Never directly in the code! We'll discuss this further below. With the key in hand (or almost!), I wrote a first test_clima.py script to test the connection using Python's fantastic requests library: import requests API_KEY = " YOUR_API_KEY_HERE " # Temporarily! We'll use Secrets later CITY = " Madrid " URL = f " [https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=](https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=) { CITY } &appid= { API_KEY } &units=metric&lang=es " try : response = requests . get ( URL ) response . raise_for_status () # Raises an exception for HTTP errors (4xx or 5xx) data = response . json () print ( f " Temperature in { CITY } : { data [ ' main ' ][ ' temp ' ] } ยฐC " ) except requests . exceptions . RequestException as e : print ( f " Error connecting to the API: { e } " ) except KeyError as e : print ( f " Unexpected API response, key missing: { e } " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode First Obstacle Overcome (with Patience): When I first ran it, I got a 401 Unauthorized error! ๐ฑ It turns out that OpenWeatherMap API Keys can take a few hours to activate after being generated. The lesson: sometimes, the solution is simply to wait. โณ The "Database": Why CSV and Not SQL? With data flowing, I needed to store it. I could have set up an SQL database (PostgreSQL, MySQL...), but that would involve complexity, a server (cost), and for this project, it was overkill. I opted for radical simplicity: CSV (Comma Separated Values) files . Advantages : Easy to read and write with Python, perfectly versionable with Git (we can track changes), and sufficient for the initial data volume we'd be handling. Key Logic : I needed to append a new row to each city's file daily, but only write the header ( date_time , city , temperature_c , etc.) the first time. Python's native csv library and os.path.exists make this trivial: import csv import os from datetime import datetime # ... (code to fetch API data for a city) ... now = datetime . now (). strftime ( ' %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ' ) data_row = [ now , city , temperature , ...] # List with the data header = [ ' date_time ' , ' city ' , ' temperature_c ' , ...] # List with column names file_name = f " data/ { city } .csv " # We'll create a 'data' folder # Ensure the 'data' folder exists os . makedirs ( os . path . dirname ( file_name ), exist_ok = True ) is_new_file = not os . path . exists ( file_name ) try : with open ( file_name , mode = ' a ' , newline = '' , encoding = ' utf-8 ' ) as f : writer = csv . writer ( f ) if is_new_file : writer . writerow ( header ) # Write header ONLY if new file writer . writerow ( data_row ) # Append the new data row print ( f " Data saved for { city } " ) except IOError as e : print ( f " Error writing to { file_name } : { e } " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Automation Robot: GitHub Actions to the Rescue ๐ค Here comes the magic: how to make this script run daily without having a server constantly on? The answer is GitHub Actions , the automation engine integrated into GitHub. It's like having a small robot working for us for free. Security First: Never Upload Your API Key! The biggest mistake would be to upload registrar_clima.py with the API_KEY written directly in the code. Anyone could see it on GitHub. Solution : Use GitHub's Repository Secrets . Go to Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions in your GitHub repository. Create a new secret named OPENWEATHER_API_KEY and paste your key there. In your Python script, read the key securely using os.environ.get("OPENWEATHER_API_KEY") . The Robot's Brain: The .github/workflows/update-weather.yml File This YAML file tells GitHub Actions what to do and when: name : Daily Weather Data Update on : workflow_dispatch : # Allows manual triggering from GitHub push : branches : [ main ] # Triggers if changes are pushed to the main branch schedule : - cron : ' 0 6 * * *' # The key: triggers daily at 06:00 UTC jobs : update_data : runs-on : ubuntu-latest # Use a free Linux virtual machine steps : - name : Checkout repository code uses : actions/checkout@v4 # Downloads our code - name : Set up Python uses : actions/setup-python@v5 with : python-version : ' 3.10' # Or your preferred version - name : Install necessary dependencies run : pip install -r requirements.txt # Reads requirements.txt and installs requests, etc. - name : Execute data collection script run : python registrar_clima.py # Our main script! env : OPENWEATHER_API_KEY : ${{ secrets.OPENWEATHER_API_KEY }} # Securely injects the secret - name : Save new data to repository (Commit & Push) run : | git config user.name 'github-actions[bot]' # Identifies the 'bot' git config user.email 'github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com' git add data/*.csv # Adds ONLY the modified CSV files in the 'data' folder # Check if there are changes before committing to avoid empty commits git diff --staged --quiet || git commit -m "Automated weather data update ๐ค" git push # Pushes changes to the repository env : GITHUB_TOKEN : ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # Automatic token to allow the push Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This last step is crucial! The Action itself acts as a user, performing git add , git commit , and git push of the CSV files that the Python script has just modified. This way, the updated data is saved in our repository every day. The Serverless Alternative: Deployment and Automation with Netlify ๐ While GitHub Actions is a fantastic automation tool, for this project I decided to explore an alternative even more integrated with the "serverless" concept: Netlify . Netlify not only allows us to deploy our static frontend (like GitHub Pages) but also offers serverless functions and, crucially for our backend, scheduled functions (or Cron Jobs) . Deploying the Static Frontend with Netlify Connect Your Repository : The process is incredibly simple. Log in to Netlify, click "Add new site," and select "Import an existing project." Connect with your GitHub account and choose your Weather Service project repository. Basic Configuration : Netlify will automatically detect your project. Ensure that the "Build command" is empty (as it's a static site with no build process) and that the "Publish directory" is the root of your repository ( ./ ). Continuous Deployment : Netlify will automatically configure continuous deployment. Every time you git push to your main branch (or whichever branch you've configured), Netlify will rebuild and deploy your site. Automating the Backend with Netlify Functions (and Cron Jobs) This is where Netlify Serverless Functions shine for our data collector. Instead of a GitHub Actions workflow, we can use a Netlify function to run our Python script on a schedule: Project Structure : Create a netlify/functions/ folder at the root of your project. Inside, you can have a Python file like collect_weather.py . Dependency Management : You'll need a requirements.txt file at the root of your project for Netlify to install Python dependencies ( requests , pandas , scikit-learn ). netlify.toml Configuration : This file at your project's root is crucial for defining your functions and their schedules: [build] publish = "." # Directory where your index.html is located command = "" # No build command needed for a static site [functions] directory = "netlify/functions" # Where your functions are located node_bundler = "esbuild" # For JS/TS functions. Netlify will detect Python. [[edge_functions]] # For scheduling a function (requires Netlify Edge Functions) function = "collect_weather" # The name of your function (without the .py extension) path = "/.netlify/functions/collect_weather" # The function path (can be different) schedule = "@daily" # Or use a cron string like "0 6 * * *" The Python Function ( netlify/functions/collect_weather.py ) : This function will encapsulate the logic of your registrar_clima.py . Netlify will execute it in a Python environment. # netlify/functions/collect_weather.py import json import requests import os import time from datetime import datetime import csv # ... (all your registrar_clima.py script code goes here) ... # Ensure API_KEYs are read from os.environ # and that data is written directly to the repository using GitPython # or in a way that Netlify can persist changes. # **Important**: Netlify Functions are ephemeral. # To persist changes in the repo, you would need Git integration # similar to what GitHub Actions would do (using a Personal Access Token). # However, for a static frontend, the simplest approach is for this function # to only generate a predictions JSON and upload it to storage like S3, # or for the Python collection script to continue running on GitHub Actions # and Netlify only serve the frontend. # If the idea is for Netlify to ALSO commit, this is more complex # and would require a Git API or a PAT token from Netlify. def handler ( event , context ): # The main call to your data collection logic would go here # This is a simplified example try : # Your logic to fetch and save data, generate CSVs/JSONs # If you want this to commit to GitHub, you would need: # 1. A GitHub PAT token stored as an environment variable in Netlify. # 2. A library like GitPython to interact with Git. # It is more common for serverless functions to persist data in databases # or object storage services (e.g., S3), not in the Git repo itself. # For this project, the GitHub Actions approach for the backend # that directly commits to the repo is still simpler # for CSV storage. Netlify would be ideal for the frontend # and functions for real-time APIs or lightweight predictions. print ( " Netlify function for weather collection executed. " ) # If the function generates any JSON output for the frontend, it would return it here: # return { # "statusCode": 200, # "body": json.dumps({"message": "Data collection complete"}), # } return { " statusCode " : 200 , " body " : json . dumps ({ " message " : " Backend logic would run here. For data persistence in GitHub, GitHub Actions is more direct. " }), } except Exception as e : return { " statusCode " : 500 , " body " : json . dumps ({ " error " : str ( e )}), } Environment Variables in Netlify : For the OPENWEATHER_API_KEY , go to Site settings > Build & deploy > Environment variables and add your key there. Important Consideration : For the Netlify function to persist changes directly to your GitHub repository (like committing the CSVs), you would need a more advanced setup (such as using a GitHub Personal Access Token within the Netlify function to perform git push ), which is more complex. To maintain simplicity and direct storage in the Git repository with automatic CSV commits, the GitHub Actions solution remains the most straightforward and efficient for the data collector backend in this specific case . Netlify excels at frontend deployment and for functions that interact with external services or databases without committing to the main application's Git repository. In this project, we use GitHub Actions for the backend (collecting and committing CSVs) and Netlify for frontend deployment and potentially for lighter, real-time functions that don't need to modify the Git repo. This last step is crucial! The Action itself acts as a user, performing git add , git commit , and git push of the CSV files that the Python script has just modified. This way, the updated data is saved in our repository every day. The Scaling Problem (and the Necessary Architectural Pivot) My initial idea was to monitor about 1000 cities and store everything in a single weather_data.csv file. I did a quick calculation: 1000 cities * ~200 bytes/day * 365 days * 3 years... over 200 MB! ๐ฑ Why is this a problem? Because the frontend (our dashboard, which we'll see in the next post) runs in the user's browser. It would have to download that entire 200 MB just to display the graph for one city. Totally unacceptable in terms of performance. ๐ข The Architectural Solution: Switch to a "one file per entity" strategy. We create a data/ folder. The registrar_clima.py script now generates (or appends data to) one CSV file per city: data/Madrid.csv , data/Leon.csv , data/Tokyo.csv , etc. This way, when the user wants to see the weather for Leon, the frontend will only download the data/Leon.csv file, which will be just a few kilobytes. Instant loading! โจ Second Scaling Obstacle (API Limits): OpenWeatherMap, in its free plan, allows about 60 calls per minute. My loop to get data for 155 cities (my current list) would make these calls too quickly. Vital Solution: Add import time at the beginning of the Python script and time.sleep(1.1) at the end of the for city in cities: loop. This introduces a pause of slightly more than 1 second between each API call, ensuring we stay below the limit and avoid being blocked. ๐ฆ Conclusion (Part 1) We've got the foundation! We've built a robust and automated system that: Connects to an external API securely. Processes and stores historical data for multiple entities (cities). Runs daily, at no cost, thanks to GitHub Actions. Is designed to scale efficiently. In the next post, we'll put on our frontend developer hats and build the interactive dashboard that will allow any user to explore this data with dynamic graphs. Don't miss it! References and Links of Interest: Complete Web Service : See the live project in action here: https://datalaria.com/apps/weather/ Project GitHub Repository : Explore the source code and project structure: https://github.com/Dalaez/app_weather OpenWeatherMap : Weather API documentation: https://openweathermap.org/api Python Requests : Documentation for the HTTP requests library: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/ GitHub Actions : Official GitHub Actions guide: https://docs.github.com/en/actions Netlify : Official Netlify website: https://www.netlify.com/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy.ย They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again.ย They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings โ basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" โ we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws.ย 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. 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Post 14 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Jan 6 Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters # programming # php # testing # development Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Want to connect with CodeCraft Diary? Create an account to connect with CodeCraft Diary. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Introduce Parameter Object: A Refactoring Pattern Thatย Scales CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Dec 29 '25 Introduce Parameter Object: A Refactoring Pattern Thatย Scales # php # cleancode # programming # development Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Development Workflow: Why Most Teams Fail (And How to Fixย It) CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Dec 23 '25 Development Workflow: Why Most Teams Fail (And How to Fixย It) # programming # webdev # development # software Comments Addย Comment 5 min read How to Test Legacy Laravel Code Without Refactoring First CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Dec 15 '25 How to Test Legacy Laravel Code Without Refactoring First # programming # webdev # php # testing 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Abstract Factory Pattern in PHP โ Examples & Best Practices CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Dec 9 '25 Abstract Factory Pattern in PHP โ Examples & Best Practices # programming # webdev # php # designpatterns 2 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Mocking, Stubbing, Spying, and Faking in PHP: A Practical Guide (with Sandbox Example) CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Dec 2 '25 Mocking, Stubbing, Spying, and Faking in PHP: A Practical Guide (with Sandbox Example) # php # programming # testing # webdev 7 ย reactions Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Refactoring If-Else Hell into a Strategy Pattern in PHP โ๏ธ CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Nov 25 '25 Refactoring If-Else Hell into a Strategy Pattern in PHP โ๏ธ # php # programming # beginners # webdev Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Writing Maintainable Feature test(Real Laravel example) CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Nov 18 '25 Writing Maintainable Feature test(Real Laravel example) # laravel # programming # php # testing 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 3 min read When to Use a Pattern CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Nov 5 '25 When to Use a Pattern # webdev # programming # softwaredevelopment # designpatterns Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Feature Testing in PHP: Ensuring the Whole System Works Together CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Nov 3 '25 Feature Testing in PHP: Ensuring the Whole System Works Together # laravel # testing # tutorial # php Comments Addย Comment 4 min read How to Spot Code Smells (and What to Do About Them) CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Oct 25 '25 How to Spot Code Smells (and What to Do About Them) # beginners # programming # architecture # webdev 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 4 min read Unit Testing in PHP: How to Catch Bugs Before They Bite CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Oct 18 '25 Unit Testing in PHP: How to Catch Bugs Before They Bite # programming # webdev # codecraftdiary # unittest Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Refactoring & Design Patterns CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Oct 18 '25 Refactoring & Design Patterns # webdev # programming # codecraftdiary # codequality 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Why Writing Tests Early Saves Time (and Headaches) CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Oct 18 '25 Why Writing Tests Early Saves Time (and Headaches) # programming # webdev # codecraftdiary 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/how-to-question-any-system-design-problem-with-live-interview-walkthrough-2cd4#thinking-in-first-principles | How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # systemdesign # interview # architecture # career Thinking in First Principles: Most system design interview failures are not caused by missing knowledge of tools. They are caused by missing questions . Strong candidates do not start by designing systems. They start by interrogating the problem . This post teaches you: How to question a system from first principles How to apply that questioning live in an interview What mistakes candidates commonly make A printable one-page checklist you can memorize and reuse No prior system design experience required. What โFirst Principlesโ Means in System Design First principles means reducing a problem to fundamental truths that must always hold , regardless of: Programming language Framework Infrastructure Scale Every systemโchat apps, payment systems, video processing pipelinesโmust answer the same core questions about: State Time Failure Order Scale If a design cannot answer one of these, it is incomplete. The 5-Step First-Principles Questioning Framework You will apply these questions in order . State โ Where does information live? When is it durable? Time โ How long does each step take? Failure โ What breaks independently? Order โ What defines correct sequence? Scale โ What grows fastest under load? This is not a checklist you recite. It is a thinking sequence . Letโs walk through each one. 1. State โ Where Does It Live? When Is It Durable? The Question Where does the systemโs information exist, and when is it safe from loss? This is always the first question because nothing else matters if data disappears. What Youโre Really Asking Is data stored in memory or persisted? What survives a crash or restart? What is the source of truth? Example Case Imagine a system that accepts user requests and processes them later. If the request only lives in memory: A restart loses it A crash loses it Another instance canโt see it You have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance one. Key Insight If state only exists in a running process, it does not exist. 2. Time โ How Long Does Each Step Take? Once state exists, time becomes unavoidable. The Question Which steps are fast, and which are slow? You are comparing orders of magnitude , not exact numbers. What Youโre Really Asking Is there long-running work? Does the user wait for it? Is fast work blocked by slow work? Example Case A system: Accepts a request (milliseconds) Performs heavy processing (seconds) If the request waits for processing: Latency is dominated by the slowest step Throughput collapses under load Key Insight The slowest step defines the user experience. 3. Failure โ What Breaks Independently? Now assume something goes wrong. It always will. The Question Which parts of the system can fail without the others failing? What Youโre Really Asking What if the system crashes mid-operation? What if work is retried? Can the same work run twice? Example Case If work can be retried: It may run twice Side effects may duplicate State may become inconsistent This is not a bug. It is the default behavior of distributed systems. Key Insight Distributed systems fail partially, not cleanly. 4. Order โ What Defines Correct Sequence? Ordering issues appear only after state, time, and failure are considered. The Question Does correctness depend on the order of operations? What Youโre Really Asking Does arrival order equal processing order? Can later work finish earlier? Does that matter? Example Case Two requests arrive: A then B If B completes before A: Is the system still correct? If the answer is โno,โ order must be explicitly enforced. Key Insight If order matters, it must be designedโnot assumed. 5. Scale โ What Grows Fastest? Only now do we talk about scale. The Question As usage increases, which dimension grows fastest? What Youโre Really Asking Requests? Stored data? Concurrent operations? Waiting work? Example Case If each request waits on slow work: Concurrent waiting grows with latency Resources exhaust quickly Key Insight Systems fail at the fastest-growing dimension. Live Mock Interview Case Study (Detailed) Interviewer โDesign a system where users submit tasks and receive results later.โ Candidate (Correct Approach) Candidate: Before designing, Iโd like to understand what state the system must preserve. Step 1: State Candidate: We must store: The userโs request The result A way to associate them This state must survive crashes, so it needs to be persisted. Interviewer: Good. Continue. Step 2: Time Candidate: Submitting a request is likely fast. Producing a result could be slow. If we make users wait for result generation, latency will be high and throughput limited. So the system likely separates request acceptance from processing. Step 3: Failure Candidate: Now Iโll assume failures. If processing crashes mid-way: The request still exists Processing may retry That means the same task could execute twice. So we must consider whether duplicate execution is safe. Step 4: Order Candidate: If users submit multiple tasks: Does order matter? If yes: Arrival order โ completion order We need to explicitly preserve sequence If no: Tasks can be processed independently Step 5: Scale Candidate: Under load, the fastest-growing dimension is: Pending background work If processing is slow, the backlog grows quickly. So the system must degrade gracefully under that pressure. Interviewer Assessment The candidate: Asked structured questions Identified real failure modes Avoided premature tools Demonstrated systems thinking No tools were required to pass this interview. Common Mistakes Candidates Make 1. Jumping to Solutions โ โWeโll use Kafkaโ โ
โWhat happens if work runs twice?โ 2. Treating State as Implementation Detail โ โWeโll store it somewhereโ โ
โWhat must never be lost?โ 3. Ignoring Failure โ โRetries should workโ โ
โWhat if retries duplicate effects?โ 4. Assuming Order โ โRequests are processed in orderโ โ
โWhat enforces that order?โ 5. Talking About Scale Too Early โ โMillions of usersโ โ
โWhich dimension explodes first?โ Printable One-Page Interview Checklist You can print or memorize this. First-Principles System Design Checklist Ask these in order: State What information must exist? Where does it live? When is it durable? Time Which steps are fast? Which are slow? Does slow work block fast work? Failure What can fail independently? Can work be retried? What happens if it runs twice? Order Does correctness depend on sequence? Is arrival order preserved? What enforces ordering? Scale What grows fastest? How does the system fail under load? Final Mental Model Great system design is not about building systems. It is about exposing hidden assumptions. This framework helps you do thatโcalmly, systematically, and convincingly. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async QueueโBased Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://core.forem.com/ben/added-a-community-endpoint-as-sort-of-an-info-hub-for-every-subforem-its-kind-of-just-a-proof-of-3b90 | Added a /community endpoint as sort of an info hub for every subforem. It's kind of just a proof of concept at the moment but can be refined. Ideally it's customizable so we can link off to places like /challenges etc. but keeping it dynamic vs static. - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ben Halpern Posted on Oct 30, 2025 Added a /community endpoint as sort of an info hub for every subforem. It's kind of just a proof of concept at the moment but can be refined. Ideally it's customizable so we can link off to places like /challenges etc. but keeping it dynamic vs static. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ben Halpern Follow A Canadian software developer who thinks heโs funny. Location NY Education Mount Allison University Pronouns He/him Work Co-founder at Forem Joined Dec 27, 2015 More from Ben Halpern Extending the Nano Banana image generation to also be responsible for fun unique profile images for users who register through a path without providing their own profile pic. # authentication # product # uiux Next version of mobile app is going to be a nice upgrade # announcement # roadmap # product # mobile Lots of momentum this week! # product # deployment # opensource # news ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core โ Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/how-to-question-any-system-design-problem-with-live-interview-walkthrough-2cd4#the-5step-firstprinciples-questioning-framework | How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # systemdesign # interview # architecture # career Thinking in First Principles: Most system design interview failures are not caused by missing knowledge of tools. They are caused by missing questions . Strong candidates do not start by designing systems. They start by interrogating the problem . This post teaches you: How to question a system from first principles How to apply that questioning live in an interview What mistakes candidates commonly make A printable one-page checklist you can memorize and reuse No prior system design experience required. What โFirst Principlesโ Means in System Design First principles means reducing a problem to fundamental truths that must always hold , regardless of: Programming language Framework Infrastructure Scale Every systemโchat apps, payment systems, video processing pipelinesโmust answer the same core questions about: State Time Failure Order Scale If a design cannot answer one of these, it is incomplete. The 5-Step First-Principles Questioning Framework You will apply these questions in order . State โ Where does information live? When is it durable? Time โ How long does each step take? Failure โ What breaks independently? Order โ What defines correct sequence? Scale โ What grows fastest under load? This is not a checklist you recite. It is a thinking sequence . Letโs walk through each one. 1. State โ Where Does It Live? When Is It Durable? The Question Where does the systemโs information exist, and when is it safe from loss? This is always the first question because nothing else matters if data disappears. What Youโre Really Asking Is data stored in memory or persisted? What survives a crash or restart? What is the source of truth? Example Case Imagine a system that accepts user requests and processes them later. If the request only lives in memory: A restart loses it A crash loses it Another instance canโt see it You have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance one. Key Insight If state only exists in a running process, it does not exist. 2. Time โ How Long Does Each Step Take? Once state exists, time becomes unavoidable. The Question Which steps are fast, and which are slow? You are comparing orders of magnitude , not exact numbers. What Youโre Really Asking Is there long-running work? Does the user wait for it? Is fast work blocked by slow work? Example Case A system: Accepts a request (milliseconds) Performs heavy processing (seconds) If the request waits for processing: Latency is dominated by the slowest step Throughput collapses under load Key Insight The slowest step defines the user experience. 3. Failure โ What Breaks Independently? Now assume something goes wrong. It always will. The Question Which parts of the system can fail without the others failing? What Youโre Really Asking What if the system crashes mid-operation? What if work is retried? Can the same work run twice? Example Case If work can be retried: It may run twice Side effects may duplicate State may become inconsistent This is not a bug. It is the default behavior of distributed systems. Key Insight Distributed systems fail partially, not cleanly. 4. Order โ What Defines Correct Sequence? Ordering issues appear only after state, time, and failure are considered. The Question Does correctness depend on the order of operations? What Youโre Really Asking Does arrival order equal processing order? Can later work finish earlier? Does that matter? Example Case Two requests arrive: A then B If B completes before A: Is the system still correct? If the answer is โno,โ order must be explicitly enforced. Key Insight If order matters, it must be designedโnot assumed. 5. Scale โ What Grows Fastest? Only now do we talk about scale. The Question As usage increases, which dimension grows fastest? What Youโre Really Asking Requests? Stored data? Concurrent operations? Waiting work? Example Case If each request waits on slow work: Concurrent waiting grows with latency Resources exhaust quickly Key Insight Systems fail at the fastest-growing dimension. Live Mock Interview Case Study (Detailed) Interviewer โDesign a system where users submit tasks and receive results later.โ Candidate (Correct Approach) Candidate: Before designing, Iโd like to understand what state the system must preserve. Step 1: State Candidate: We must store: The userโs request The result A way to associate them This state must survive crashes, so it needs to be persisted. Interviewer: Good. Continue. Step 2: Time Candidate: Submitting a request is likely fast. Producing a result could be slow. If we make users wait for result generation, latency will be high and throughput limited. So the system likely separates request acceptance from processing. Step 3: Failure Candidate: Now Iโll assume failures. If processing crashes mid-way: The request still exists Processing may retry That means the same task could execute twice. So we must consider whether duplicate execution is safe. Step 4: Order Candidate: If users submit multiple tasks: Does order matter? If yes: Arrival order โ completion order We need to explicitly preserve sequence If no: Tasks can be processed independently Step 5: Scale Candidate: Under load, the fastest-growing dimension is: Pending background work If processing is slow, the backlog grows quickly. So the system must degrade gracefully under that pressure. Interviewer Assessment The candidate: Asked structured questions Identified real failure modes Avoided premature tools Demonstrated systems thinking No tools were required to pass this interview. Common Mistakes Candidates Make 1. Jumping to Solutions โ โWeโll use Kafkaโ โ
โWhat happens if work runs twice?โ 2. Treating State as Implementation Detail โ โWeโll store it somewhereโ โ
โWhat must never be lost?โ 3. Ignoring Failure โ โRetries should workโ โ
โWhat if retries duplicate effects?โ 4. Assuming Order โ โRequests are processed in orderโ โ
โWhat enforces that order?โ 5. Talking About Scale Too Early โ โMillions of usersโ โ
โWhich dimension explodes first?โ Printable One-Page Interview Checklist You can print or memorize this. First-Principles System Design Checklist Ask these in order: State What information must exist? Where does it live? When is it durable? Time Which steps are fast? Which are slow? Does slow work block fast work? Failure What can fail independently? Can work be retried? What happens if it runs twice? Order Does correctness depend on sequence? Is arrival order preserved? What enforces ordering? Scale What grows fastest? How does the system fail under load? Final Mental Model Great system design is not about building systems. It is about exposing hidden assumptions. This framework helps you do thatโcalmly, systematically, and convincingly. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async QueueโBased Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Architecture Follow Hide The fundamental structures of a software system. Create Post Older #architecture posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu ๐ Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Building a Lightweight ERP Core with Clean Architecture (Lessons Learned) Hoang Le Hoang Le Hoang Le Follow Jan 6 Building a Lightweight ERP Core with Clean Architecture (Lessons Learned) # architecture # learning # systemdesign Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Message Schema Evolution in RabbitMQ: Using Virtual Hosts as Deployment Boundaries ฤฐbrahim Gรผndรผz ฤฐbrahim Gรผndรผz ฤฐbrahim Gรผndรผz Follow Jan 6 Message Schema Evolution in RabbitMQ: Using Virtual Hosts as Deployment Boundaries # architecture # devops # microservices 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Arcana: an agentic AI system for reasoning about MongoDB architectures Mario Noioso Mario Noioso Mario Noioso Follow Jan 7 Arcana: an agentic AI system for reasoning about MongoDB architectures # mongodb # ai # architecture # llm Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Cuando la gobernanza depende del sistema, deja de ser gobernanza Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Follow Jan 7 Cuando la gobernanza depende del sistema, deja de ser gobernanza # ai # architecture # security # spanish Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Architecting Scalable and Maintainable Node.js Applications: Best Practices and Examples Jeferson Eiji Jeferson Eiji Jeferson Eiji Follow Jan 5 Architecting Scalable and Maintainable Node.js Applications: Best Practices and Examples # node # architecture # bestpractices # scaling 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Execution Control Layer (ECL): An Execution-Time Architectural Standard for AI Systems Rick-Kirby Rick-Kirby Rick-Kirby Follow Jan 5 Execution Control Layer (ECL): An Execution-Time Architectural Standard for AI Systems # architecture # ai # agents # governance Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Intelligent API Key Management and Load Balancing: A Complete Guide to Building Resilient AI Applications using Bifrost Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Follow Jan 5 Intelligent API Key Management and Load Balancing: A Complete Guide to Building Resilient AI Applications using Bifrost # api # architecture # devops # llm Comments Addย Comment 22 min read Is This Thing On? Welcome to Rhiza's Kernel Chronicles fwdslsh fwdslsh fwdslsh Follow Jan 6 Is This Thing On? Welcome to Rhiza's Kernel Chronicles # agentic # kernel # architecture # systemdesign 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 9 min read OPTIOS is the most boring HTTP method โ which is exactly why itโs dangerous to ignore. Liudas Liudas Liudas Follow Jan 5 OPTIOS is the most boring HTTP method โ which is exactly why itโs dangerous to ignore. # api # architecture # backend Comments Addย Comment 1 min read Why Your Terraform Modules Are Technical Debt (And What to Do About It) inboryn inboryn inboryn Follow Jan 6 Why Your Terraform Modules Are Technical Debt (And What to Do About It) # terraform # devops # architecture # webdev Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Scaling API Access with Azure API Management: From Manual to Self-Service Anoush Anoush Anoush Follow Jan 4 Scaling API Access with Azure API Management: From Manual to Self-Service # architecture # azure # api # devops Comments Addย Comment 7 min read Design Patterns in a Real-World Tkinter Application: From Lateral Coupling to Clean Architecture giuseppe costanzi giuseppe costanzi giuseppe costanzi Follow Jan 4 Design Patterns in a Real-World Tkinter Application: From Lateral Coupling to Clean Architecture # python # designpatterns # tkinter # architecture Comments Addย Comment 6 min read Why Production AI Applications Need an LLM Gateway: From Prototype to Reliable Scale Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Kuldeep Paul Follow Jan 5 Why Production AI Applications Need an LLM Gateway: From Prototype to Reliable Scale # ai # architecture # devops # llm Comments Addย Comment 17 min read ๐จ Design Patterns in Python: A Visual Guide Data Tech Bridge Data Tech Bridge Data Tech Bridge Follow Jan 4 ๐จ Design Patterns in Python: A Visual Guide # architecture # beginners # python # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 6 min read Node.js Events Yuriy Yuriy Yuriy Follow Jan 5 Node.js Events # backend # node # programming # architecture Comments Addย Comment 4 min read mHC [Paper Cuts] Leo Lau Leo Lau Leo Lau Follow Jan 6 mHC [Paper Cuts] # architecture # computerscience # deeplearning # machinelearning Comments Addย Comment 3 min read Circuit Breaker in Inter-Service Communication ฤฐbrahim Gรผndรผz ฤฐbrahim Gรผndรผz ฤฐbrahim Gรผndรผz Follow Jan 10 Circuit Breaker in Inter-Service Communication # java # microservices # architecture # springboot 1 ย reaction Comments Addย Comment 7 min read Stop writing invisible "Glue Code": Why I use N8N to orchestrate Python Microservices SuryaElz SuryaElz SuryaElz Follow Jan 6 Stop writing invisible "Glue Code": Why I use N8N to orchestrate Python Microservices # showdev # architecture # python # devops Comments Addย Comment 1 min read The Day My AI Started Talking to Itself (And the Math Behind Why It Always Happens) Aleksandr Kossarev Aleksandr Kossarev Aleksandr Kossarev Follow Jan 6 The Day My AI Started Talking to Itself (And the Math Behind Why It Always Happens) # ai # memory # recursion # architecture Comments Addย Comment 5 min read Part 7 โ What GenAI Engineering Actually Is MuzammilTalha MuzammilTalha MuzammilTalha Follow Jan 5 Part 7 โ What GenAI Engineering Actually Is # systemdesign # architecture # softwareengineering # ai Comments Addย Comment 1 min read The Grid Is Running Out of Time And Modernization Canโt Be Treated as Optional Josh Hernandez Josh Hernandez Josh Hernandez Follow Jan 4 The Grid Is Running Out of Time And Modernization Canโt Be Treated as Optional # discuss # architecture # systemdesign Comments Addย Comment 3 min read SwiftUI Navigation State Restoration (Cold Launch, Deep Links & Tabs) Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Follow Jan 4 SwiftUI Navigation State Restoration (Cold Launch, Deep Links & Tabs) # swiftui # navigation # architecture # state Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Snowflake Data Cloud: A Comprehensive Guide Data Tech Bridge Data Tech Bridge Data Tech Bridge Follow Jan 5 Snowflake Data Cloud: A Comprehensive Guide # architecture # cloud # database # tutorial Comments Addย Comment 31 min read Stop Hardcoding Dashboards: Why Your Stack Needs a Proper BI Layer Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Follow Jan 6 Stop Hardcoding Dashboards: Why Your Stack Needs a Proper BI Layer # architecture # data # productivity Comments Addย Comment 2 min read Centralizing Email Infrastructure on AWS with SESMailEngine Uros M. Uros M. Uros M. Follow Jan 4 Centralizing Email Infrastructure on AWS with SESMailEngine # architecture # aws # serverless Comments Addย Comment 6 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/how-to-question-any-system-design-problem-with-live-interview-walkthrough-2cd4#example-case | How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # systemdesign # interview # architecture # career Thinking in First Principles: Most system design interview failures are not caused by missing knowledge of tools. They are caused by missing questions . Strong candidates do not start by designing systems. They start by interrogating the problem . This post teaches you: How to question a system from first principles How to apply that questioning live in an interview What mistakes candidates commonly make A printable one-page checklist you can memorize and reuse No prior system design experience required. What โFirst Principlesโ Means in System Design First principles means reducing a problem to fundamental truths that must always hold , regardless of: Programming language Framework Infrastructure Scale Every systemโchat apps, payment systems, video processing pipelinesโmust answer the same core questions about: State Time Failure Order Scale If a design cannot answer one of these, it is incomplete. The 5-Step First-Principles Questioning Framework You will apply these questions in order . State โ Where does information live? When is it durable? Time โ How long does each step take? Failure โ What breaks independently? Order โ What defines correct sequence? Scale โ What grows fastest under load? This is not a checklist you recite. It is a thinking sequence . Letโs walk through each one. 1. State โ Where Does It Live? When Is It Durable? The Question Where does the systemโs information exist, and when is it safe from loss? This is always the first question because nothing else matters if data disappears. What Youโre Really Asking Is data stored in memory or persisted? What survives a crash or restart? What is the source of truth? Example Case Imagine a system that accepts user requests and processes them later. If the request only lives in memory: A restart loses it A crash loses it Another instance canโt see it You have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance one. Key Insight If state only exists in a running process, it does not exist. 2. Time โ How Long Does Each Step Take? Once state exists, time becomes unavoidable. The Question Which steps are fast, and which are slow? You are comparing orders of magnitude , not exact numbers. What Youโre Really Asking Is there long-running work? Does the user wait for it? Is fast work blocked by slow work? Example Case A system: Accepts a request (milliseconds) Performs heavy processing (seconds) If the request waits for processing: Latency is dominated by the slowest step Throughput collapses under load Key Insight The slowest step defines the user experience. 3. Failure โ What Breaks Independently? Now assume something goes wrong. It always will. The Question Which parts of the system can fail without the others failing? What Youโre Really Asking What if the system crashes mid-operation? What if work is retried? Can the same work run twice? Example Case If work can be retried: It may run twice Side effects may duplicate State may become inconsistent This is not a bug. It is the default behavior of distributed systems. Key Insight Distributed systems fail partially, not cleanly. 4. Order โ What Defines Correct Sequence? Ordering issues appear only after state, time, and failure are considered. The Question Does correctness depend on the order of operations? What Youโre Really Asking Does arrival order equal processing order? Can later work finish earlier? Does that matter? Example Case Two requests arrive: A then B If B completes before A: Is the system still correct? If the answer is โno,โ order must be explicitly enforced. Key Insight If order matters, it must be designedโnot assumed. 5. Scale โ What Grows Fastest? Only now do we talk about scale. The Question As usage increases, which dimension grows fastest? What Youโre Really Asking Requests? Stored data? Concurrent operations? Waiting work? Example Case If each request waits on slow work: Concurrent waiting grows with latency Resources exhaust quickly Key Insight Systems fail at the fastest-growing dimension. Live Mock Interview Case Study (Detailed) Interviewer โDesign a system where users submit tasks and receive results later.โ Candidate (Correct Approach) Candidate: Before designing, Iโd like to understand what state the system must preserve. Step 1: State Candidate: We must store: The userโs request The result A way to associate them This state must survive crashes, so it needs to be persisted. Interviewer: Good. Continue. Step 2: Time Candidate: Submitting a request is likely fast. Producing a result could be slow. If we make users wait for result generation, latency will be high and throughput limited. So the system likely separates request acceptance from processing. Step 3: Failure Candidate: Now Iโll assume failures. If processing crashes mid-way: The request still exists Processing may retry That means the same task could execute twice. So we must consider whether duplicate execution is safe. Step 4: Order Candidate: If users submit multiple tasks: Does order matter? If yes: Arrival order โ completion order We need to explicitly preserve sequence If no: Tasks can be processed independently Step 5: Scale Candidate: Under load, the fastest-growing dimension is: Pending background work If processing is slow, the backlog grows quickly. So the system must degrade gracefully under that pressure. Interviewer Assessment The candidate: Asked structured questions Identified real failure modes Avoided premature tools Demonstrated systems thinking No tools were required to pass this interview. Common Mistakes Candidates Make 1. Jumping to Solutions โ โWeโll use Kafkaโ โ
โWhat happens if work runs twice?โ 2. Treating State as Implementation Detail โ โWeโll store it somewhereโ โ
โWhat must never be lost?โ 3. Ignoring Failure โ โRetries should workโ โ
โWhat if retries duplicate effects?โ 4. Assuming Order โ โRequests are processed in orderโ โ
โWhat enforces that order?โ 5. Talking About Scale Too Early โ โMillions of usersโ โ
โWhich dimension explodes first?โ Printable One-Page Interview Checklist You can print or memorize this. First-Principles System Design Checklist Ask these in order: State What information must exist? Where does it live? When is it durable? Time Which steps are fast? Which are slow? Does slow work block fast work? Failure What can fail independently? Can work be retried? What happens if it runs twice? Order Does correctness depend on sequence? Is arrival order preserved? What enforces ordering? Scale What grows fastest? How does the system fail under load? Final Mental Model Great system design is not about building systems. It is about exposing hidden assumptions. This framework helps you do thatโcalmly, systematically, and convincingly. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async QueueโBased Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/chad_musselman_f3bbf4cc78/im-experimenting-with-purchase-history-as-a-signal-for-product-recommendations-curious-what-im-4l99 | Iโm experimenting with purchase history as a signal for product recommendations. Curious what Iโm missing. - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Chad Musselman Posted on Dec 15, 2025 Iโm experimenting with purchase history as a signal for product recommendations. Curious what Iโm missing. # startup # ai # beginners # testing Iโm a solo founder working on an early-stage experiment called Pearch. At a high level, itโs a Chrome extension that surfaces product recommendations while someone is browsing online, but the part Iโm most interested in right now is signals. The problem Iโm exploring Most recommendation systems Iโve worked with or studied lean heavily on one of two things: Browsing behavior (clicks, views, dwell time) Similarity signals (category, visual similarity, embeddings) What Iโve been questioning lately is whether historic purchase behavior might be a stronger anchor for relevance than either of those alone, especially when combined with real-time browsing context. In other words: What if we treated what someone has actually bought as the primary signal, and everything else as supporting evidence? Why this feels interesting (and risky) Purchase data is: Sparse Delayed Messy across retailers But itโs also the clearest expression of intent we have. Iโm trying to understand: Does anchoring recommendations on purchase history meaningfully improve relevance? Where does this break down at small scale? At what point does recency matter more than history? How do you avoid overfitting someone to who they were versus who theyโre becoming? What Iโm not doing Iโm not selling anything. Iโm not claiming this is the right approach. Iโm not optimizing for growth yet. This is still very much an exploration of signal quality and system design, not a polished product. What Iโd love feedback on If youโve worked on recommendation systems, personalization, or ecommerce tooling: What signals ended up being more valuable than you expected? What signals looked promising but failed in practice? How do you think about balancing long-term behavior vs in-session intent? Are there obvious pitfalls I should be pressure-testing earlier? Happy to learn from anyone whoโs been down this path before. Even strong skepticism is useful here. Thanks for reading. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Chad Musselman Follow Location Los Angeles Education UCLA Work Founder at Pearch Joined Dec 15, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot Prompt Engineering Wonโt Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning I Am 38, I Am a Nurse, and I Have Always Wanted to Learn Coding # career # learning # beginners # coding ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/codecraft_diary_3d13677fb/testing-database-logic-what-to-test-what-to-skip-and-why-it-matters-2ff8#comments | Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse CodeCraft Diary Posted on Jan 6 • Originally published at codecraftdiary.com Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters # programming # php # testing # development Testing (7 Part Series) 1 Why Writing Tests Early Saves Time (and Headaches) 2 Unit Testing in PHP: How to Catch Bugs Before They Bite ... 3 more parts... 3 Feature Testing in PHP: Ensuring the Whole System Works Together 4 Writing Maintainable Feature test(Real Laravel example) 5 Mocking, Stubbing, Spying, and Faking in PHP: A Practical Guide (with Sandbox Example) 6 How to Test Legacy Laravel Code Without Refactoring First 7 Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters Database logic is one of the hardest parts of an application to test properly. Not because it is exotic or complex, but because it sits at the intersection of business rules, data consistency, performance, and evolution over time . In real projects, database tests are often either ignored completely or written in a way that makes the test suite slow, brittle, and painful to maintain. In this article, I want to share a practical approach to testing database logic and migrations , based on real-world Laravel projectsโnot theory, not toy examples. The goal is simple: tests that give you confidence when refactoring, adding features, or deploying schema changes. Previous article of this category: https://codecraftdiary.com/2025/12/13/testing-legacy-php-code-practical-strategies/ What โDatabase Logicโ Really Means When developers say โdatabase logic,โ they usually mean more than just CRUD operations. In practice, this includes: Model-level rules (computed fields, state transitions) Constraints enforced by the database (unique indexes, foreign keys) Side effects triggered by persistence (events, observers, jobs) Migrations that evolve schema safely over time Queries that encode business assumptions Testing database logic is not about testing the database engine itself. It is about verifying that your application behaves correctly when real data is involved. Choosing the Right Level of Testing One of the most common mistakes is trying to test everything with unit tests. Pure unit tests are great, but they fall short when logic depends on the database. In practice, I recommend splitting database-related tests into three categories: Fast model and query tests (SQLite in memory or test database) Integration tests for relationships and constraints Migration tests focused on safety, not perfection You do not need to test everything at every level. You need to test what can realistically break. Setting Up a Reliable Test Database A stable test setup is more important than the test code itself. In Laravel, the default approach works well: DB_CONNECTION=sqlite DB_DATABASE=:memory: Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This gives you fast feedback and clean isolation. However, be aware of one important limitation: SQLite behaves differently from MySQL/PostgreSQL , especially with foreign keys and JSON columns. If your production logic depends heavily on database-specific behavior, consider running tests against the same engine using Docker or CI. The key rule is consistency: tests should fail for the same reasons in CI as in production. Testing Models with Real Constraints Letโs start with something simple but meaningful: enforcing uniqueness. Imagine a users table where email must be unique. Migration: Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->string('email')->unique(); $table->timestamps(); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead of testing validation only, test the actual database behavior: public function test_user_email_must_be_unique() { User::factory()->create([ 'email' => 'test@example.com', ]); $this->expectException(QueryException::class); User::factory()->create([ 'email' => 'test@example.com', ]); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This test does not care how validation is implemented. It asserts a hard guarantee: the database will never allow duplicate emails. These tests are cheap, fast, and extremely valuable during refactors. Testing Relationships and Data Integrity Relationships are another frequent source of subtle bugs. Example: an Order must always belong to a User . Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete(); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode A practical test focuses on behavior, not structure: public function test_orders_are_deleted_when_user_is_deleted() { $user = User::factory()->create(); $order = Order::factory()->create([ 'user_id' => $user->id, ]); $user->delete(); $this->assertDatabaseMissing('orders', [ 'id' => $order->id, ]); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This test protects you against accidental changes to foreign keys or cascade rulesโsomething that happens more often than people admit. Avoiding Over-Mocking Database Behavior A common anti-pattern is mocking Eloquent models or repositories for database logic. This usually leads to tests that pass while production breaks. If logic depends on: database constraints transaction behavior actual persisted state then do not mock it . For example, testing a transactional operation: DB::transaction(function () { $order->markAsPaid() $invoice->generate(); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The correct test verifies the final state, not method calls: public function test_order_is_paid_and_invoice_is_created() { $order = Order::factory()->create(); $service = new OrderPaymentService(); $service->pay($order); $this->assertDatabaseHas('orders', [ 'id' => $order->id, 'status' => 'paid', ]); $this->assertDatabaseHas('invoices', [ 'order_id' => $order->id, ]); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This kind of test survives refactoring far better than mocks. Testing Migrations Without Overengineering Migration tests are often skipped entirely, or tested in unrealistic ways. You do not need to test every column. You need to test risk . Good candidates for migration tests: Data transformations Column renames Backfilled values Dropping or tightening constraints Example: adding a non-null column with a default. Migration: Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->boolean('is_active')->default(true); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Test: public function test_existing_users_are_active_after_migration() { $user = User::factory()->create([ 'is_active' => null, ]); $this->artisan('migrate'); $user->refresh(); $this->assertTrue($user->is_active); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This test protects against a very real production issue: broken deployments due to invalid existing data. Keeping Tests Fast as the Project Grows Database tests have a reputation for being slow. In most projects, this is not because of the databaseโit is because of test design . A few pragmatic rules: Use factories with minimal defaults Avoid unnecessary seeding Reset the database using transactions when possible Do not test the same constraint in ten different tests Speed is not just convenience. Slow tests get skipped , and skipped tests are worse than no tests. What Not to Test Equally important is knowing what not to test: Laravelโs internal Eloquent behavior Database engine implementation details Framework-provided migrations Simple getters/setters with no logic Focus on business guarantees , not mechanical implementation. Final Thoughts Testing database logic and migrations is not about achieving 100% coverage. It is about reducing fearโfear of refactoring, fear of deployments, fear of touching old code. Well-written database tests act as executable documentation. They tell future you (or your teammates) what must never break, even when the codebase evolves. If there is one takeaway, it is this: Test the database as a collaborator, not as an external dependency. That mindset alone will significantly improve both your test suite and your confidence in the system. Testing (7 Part Series) 1 Why Writing Tests Early Saves Time (and Headaches) 2 Unit Testing in PHP: How to Catch Bugs Before They Bite ... 3 more parts... 3 Feature Testing in PHP: Ensuring the Whole System Works Together 4 Writing Maintainable Feature test(Real Laravel example) 5 Mocking, Stubbing, Spying, and Faking in PHP: A Practical Guide (with Sandbox Example) 6 How to Test Legacy Laravel Code Without Refactoring First 7 Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Location Dresden, Germany Joined Oct 18, 2025 More from CodeCraft Diary Introduce Parameter Object: A Refactoring Pattern Thatย Scales # php # cleancode # programming # development Development Workflow: Why Most Teams Fail (And How to Fixย It) # programming # webdev # development # software How to Test Legacy Laravel Code Without Refactoring First # programming # webdev # php # testing ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/dss99911/java-teseuteu-jagseonghagi-junit-gico-2l4f | Java ํ
์คํธ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ - JUnit ๊ธฐ์ด - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse dss99911 Posted on Dec 31, 2025 • Originally published at dss99911.github.io Java ํ
์คํธ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ - JUnit ๊ธฐ์ด # java # testing # programming # junit Java ํ
์คํธ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ - JUnit ๊ธฐ์ด JUnit์ Java์์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ํ
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์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ด๋
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@Before ๊ฐ ํ
์คํธ ๋ฉ์๋ ์คํ ์ ์ ํธ์ถ๋ฉ๋๋ค. @Before public void setUp () { // ๊ฐ ํ
์คํธ ์ ์ด๊ธฐํ ์์
} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode @After ๊ฐ ํ
์คํธ ๋ฉ์๋ ์คํ ํ์ ํธ์ถ๋ฉ๋๋ค. @After public void tearDown () { // ๊ฐ ํ
์คํธ ํ ์ ๋ฆฌ ์์
} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode @BeforeClass ํ
์คํธ ํด๋์ค์ ๋ชจ๋ ํ
์คํธ ์คํ ์ ์ ํ ๋ฒ๋ง ํธ์ถ๋ฉ๋๋ค. @BeforeClass public static void setUpClass () { // ํด๋์ค ๋ ๋ฒจ ์ด๊ธฐํ (static์ด์ด์ผ ํจ) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ์ฃผ์: @BeforeClass ๊ฐ ๋ถ์ ๋ฉ์๋๋ ๋ฐ๋์ static ์ด์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. @AfterClass ํ
์คํธ ํด๋์ค์ ๋ชจ๋ ํ
์คํธ ์คํ ํ์ ํ ๋ฒ๋ง ํธ์ถ๋ฉ๋๋ค. @AfterClass public static void tearDownClass () { // ํด๋์ค ๋ ๋ฒจ ์ ๋ฆฌ (static์ด์ด์ผ ํจ) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ์คํ ์์ @BeforeClass (1ํ) โโ @Before โ โโ @Test (test1) โโ @After โโ @Before โ โโ @Test (test2) โโ @After โโ ... @AfterClass (1ํ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ์ ์ฒด ์์ public class CalculatorTest { private Calculator calculator ; @BeforeClass public static void setUpClass () { System . out . println ( "ํ
์คํธ ํด๋์ค ์์" ); // ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค ์ฐ๊ฒฐ, ํ
์คํธ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ก๋ ๋ฑ } @AfterClass public static void tearDownClass () { System . out . println ( "ํ
์คํธ ํด๋์ค ์ข
๋ฃ" ); // ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ํด์ , ๋ฆฌ์์ค ์ ๋ฆฌ ๋ฑ } @Before public void setUp () { System . out . println ( "ํ
์คํธ ์์" ); calculator = new Calculator (); } @After public void tearDown () { System . out . println ( "ํ
์คํธ ์ข
๋ฃ" ); calculator = null ; } @Test public void testAdd () { assertEquals ( 5 , calculator . add ( 2 , 3 )); } @Test public void testSubtract () { assertEquals ( 1 , calculator . subtract ( 3 , 2 )); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode JUnit 4 vs JUnit 5 JUnit 4 JUnit 5 ์ค๋ช
@Before @BeforeEach ๊ฐ ํ
์คํธ ์ @After @AfterEach ๊ฐ ํ
์คํธ ํ @BeforeClass @BeforeAll ํด๋์ค ์ ์ฒด ์ @AfterClass @AfterAll ํด๋์ค ์ ์ฒด ํ @Test @Test ํ
์คํธ ๋ฉ์๋ @Ignore @Disabled ํ
์คํธ ๋นํ์ฑํ JUnit 5 ์์ import org.junit.jupiter.api.* ; class CalculatorTest { @BeforeAll static void setUpClass () { // ํด๋์ค ๋ ๋ฒจ ์ด๊ธฐํ } @BeforeEach void setUp () { // ๊ฐ ํ
์คํธ ์ ์ด๊ธฐํ } @Test void testAdd () { // ํ
์คํธ ์ฝ๋ } @AfterEach void tearDown () { // ๊ฐ ํ
์คํธ ํ ์ ๋ฆฌ } @AfterAll static void tearDownClass () { // ํด๋์ค ๋ ๋ฒจ ์ ๋ฆฌ } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ์ฐธ๊ณ JUnit 5์์๋ ํ
์คํธ ํด๋์ค์ ๋ฉ์๋๊ฐ public ์ด ์๋์ด๋ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. @BeforeAll ๊ณผ @AfterAll ์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก static ์ด์ด์ผ ํ์ง๋ง, @TestInstance(Lifecycle.PER_CLASS) ์ฌ์ฉ ์ ์ธ์คํด์ค ๋ฉ์๋๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ ๊ฐ๋ฅํฉ๋๋ค. Originally published at https://dss99911.github.io Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse dss99911 Follow Joined Jan 3, 2020 More from dss99911 Ruby ๊ธฐ์ด - ๋ฌธ๋ฒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ๋
# programming # ruby # basics # syntax Ruby ์์ธ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ์ ๊ท ํํ์ # programming # ruby # exception # regex Ruby ๋ธ๋ก๊ณผ Lambda # programming # ruby # blocks # lambda ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/johnstonlogan/react-hooks-barney-style-1hk7#class-component | useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Logan Johnston Posted on Sep 1, 2020 • Edited on Sep 9, 2020 useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays # react # hook # codenewbie # beginners The purpose of this article is to break down the use of the useState() React hook in an easy way using strings, objects, and arrays. We will also take a look at how these would be handled in class components. Disclaimer - I would normally create an onChange function separately but I find it easier to understand with an inline function. What is the setState function? The setState function is used to handle the state object in a React class component. This is something you will see a lot of in the examples below. Anytime you see a this.setState() this is how we are setting the state in a class component. What is a hook in React? React hooks were introduced in React v16.8. They allow you to use state and other React features without the need to create a class. Examples: Class component Functional component While these two code snippets look similar they do have slight differences in syntax, lifecycle methods, and state management. setState() vs useState() - Strings. setState() Class Component Using state in a class component requires the building of a state object. This state object is then modified by calling this.setState("new state"). In this example, we've created a state = { value: '' } object which has a value key and that key is initialized as an empty string. We've assigned an onChange event to the input so that every time we add or remove a character to the input we are calling the this.setState() . Here we areupdating the state using the value of the input ( e.target.value ) and setting it to the components state. useState() Functional Component With a functional component, we can use React hooks, specifically the useState() hook. This simplifies the creation of a state component and the function that updates it. We import {useState} from React and we are able to simply create a state and a function to set that state (state: value , setState: setValue ). The initial state of this component is set when calling useState , in this example, we are setting it to an empty string ( useState("") ). The only difference between the functional component and the class component at this point is instead of calling this.setState we use the function we created in the useState , in this case, setValue . setState() vs useState() - Objects. setState() Class Component Since state in a class component is already an object, it's business as usual. Use setState to populate the values of the state object. With the example above the users userName and email is stored in the state similar to the string version we talked about above. useState() Functional Component When we want to use the useState hook for an object we are going to initialize it to an empty object useState({}) . In this example, we are using the same setValue that we did in the string example but we've added a few things to our setValue function. First, we use the spread syntax to expand the current value before we add a new key-value pair. Second, we dynamically set the key using [e.target.name] , in this case, we are creating the key using the input's "name" attribute. Lastly, we are setting that key's value to the e.target.value . So after using the inputs we have an object with two keys {userName: "", email: ""} and their values. Creating an object could also be accomplished using multiple useState hooks and then bundling them into an object later if needed. See the example below. Note: I have my own preference for how to deal with objects while using hooks, and as you get more familiar you may find you enjoy either the class or functional component more than the other. setState() vs useState() - Arrays. Using arrays in stateful components can be extremely powerful, especially when creating things like a todo list. In these examples, we will be creating a very simple todo list. setState() Class Component When using an array in a stateful class component we need at least two keys in our state object. One would be the array itself todoArr: [] and the other would be the value that we are going to be pushing into the array todo: "" . In this example, we use the onChange attribute for our input to set the todo in our state object. We then have our Add Item button which when clicked will call our addItem function. In the addItem function we are going to create a list variable which is is an array that spreads the current todoArr and then adds the new todo item to the end of it. After creating the list array we use the setState function to replace the current todoArr with the new one and then set the todo back to an empty string to clear the input. Lastly at the bottom, we map through the current todoArr . The setState function will cause the component to rerender so every time you add an item it is immediately rendered onto the page. useState() Functional Component Dealing with the hooks in a function component seems extremely similar to the class component. We use the setTodo function to set our todo value in the onChange attribute of our input. We then have the same addItem function attached to the click of our Add Item button. The only difference we see here is that we don't create a list variable to pass into the hook. We could have avoided this in the class component but I think the readability when using the variable is much better. With the hook, I don't think the use of creating the list array beforehand is needed. We can spread the current array, add the new item, and then set the current todo back to an empty string so we can clear the input. Conclusion While using functional components with hooks is the new hotness, the state management is still very similar to the class components. If you're looking to start using function components with hooks over class components hopefully this post has helped you understand a little bit more about how to implement them. Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand forthebest forthebest forthebest Follow Joined Dec 26, 2020 • Feb 11 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thanks Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand kevhines kevhines kevhines Follow A programmer first, then ran a comedy school for the UCB theater, now a programmer again. Location Maplewood, NJ Joined Jan 15, 2021 • Jan 18 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide very clear! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Logan Johnston Follow Full Stack Developer - React - Nodejs - Postgresql | USN Veteran | Web Design and Development Student Location San Diego, CA Joined Jun 29, 2020 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey # react # programming # webdev # performance ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/johnstonlogan/react-hooks-barney-style-1hk7#main-content | useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Logan Johnston Posted on Sep 1, 2020 • Edited on Sep 9, 2020 useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays # react # hook # codenewbie # beginners The purpose of this article is to break down the use of the useState() React hook in an easy way using strings, objects, and arrays. We will also take a look at how these would be handled in class components. Disclaimer - I would normally create an onChange function separately but I find it easier to understand with an inline function. What is the setState function? The setState function is used to handle the state object in a React class component. This is something you will see a lot of in the examples below. Anytime you see a this.setState() this is how we are setting the state in a class component. What is a hook in React? React hooks were introduced in React v16.8. They allow you to use state and other React features without the need to create a class. Examples: Class component Functional component While these two code snippets look similar they do have slight differences in syntax, lifecycle methods, and state management. setState() vs useState() - Strings. setState() Class Component Using state in a class component requires the building of a state object. This state object is then modified by calling this.setState("new state"). In this example, we've created a state = { value: '' } object which has a value key and that key is initialized as an empty string. We've assigned an onChange event to the input so that every time we add or remove a character to the input we are calling the this.setState() . Here we areupdating the state using the value of the input ( e.target.value ) and setting it to the components state. useState() Functional Component With a functional component, we can use React hooks, specifically the useState() hook. This simplifies the creation of a state component and the function that updates it. We import {useState} from React and we are able to simply create a state and a function to set that state (state: value , setState: setValue ). The initial state of this component is set when calling useState , in this example, we are setting it to an empty string ( useState("") ). The only difference between the functional component and the class component at this point is instead of calling this.setState we use the function we created in the useState , in this case, setValue . setState() vs useState() - Objects. setState() Class Component Since state in a class component is already an object, it's business as usual. Use setState to populate the values of the state object. With the example above the users userName and email is stored in the state similar to the string version we talked about above. useState() Functional Component When we want to use the useState hook for an object we are going to initialize it to an empty object useState({}) . In this example, we are using the same setValue that we did in the string example but we've added a few things to our setValue function. First, we use the spread syntax to expand the current value before we add a new key-value pair. Second, we dynamically set the key using [e.target.name] , in this case, we are creating the key using the input's "name" attribute. Lastly, we are setting that key's value to the e.target.value . So after using the inputs we have an object with two keys {userName: "", email: ""} and their values. Creating an object could also be accomplished using multiple useState hooks and then bundling them into an object later if needed. See the example below. Note: I have my own preference for how to deal with objects while using hooks, and as you get more familiar you may find you enjoy either the class or functional component more than the other. setState() vs useState() - Arrays. Using arrays in stateful components can be extremely powerful, especially when creating things like a todo list. In these examples, we will be creating a very simple todo list. setState() Class Component When using an array in a stateful class component we need at least two keys in our state object. One would be the array itself todoArr: [] and the other would be the value that we are going to be pushing into the array todo: "" . In this example, we use the onChange attribute for our input to set the todo in our state object. We then have our Add Item button which when clicked will call our addItem function. In the addItem function we are going to create a list variable which is is an array that spreads the current todoArr and then adds the new todo item to the end of it. After creating the list array we use the setState function to replace the current todoArr with the new one and then set the todo back to an empty string to clear the input. Lastly at the bottom, we map through the current todoArr . The setState function will cause the component to rerender so every time you add an item it is immediately rendered onto the page. useState() Functional Component Dealing with the hooks in a function component seems extremely similar to the class component. We use the setTodo function to set our todo value in the onChange attribute of our input. We then have the same addItem function attached to the click of our Add Item button. The only difference we see here is that we don't create a list variable to pass into the hook. We could have avoided this in the class component but I think the readability when using the variable is much better. With the hook, I don't think the use of creating the list array beforehand is needed. We can spread the current array, add the new item, and then set the current todo back to an empty string so we can clear the input. Conclusion While using functional components with hooks is the new hotness, the state management is still very similar to the class components. If you're looking to start using function components with hooks over class components hopefully this post has helped you understand a little bit more about how to implement them. Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand forthebest forthebest forthebest Follow Joined Dec 26, 2020 • Feb 11 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thanks Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand kevhines kevhines kevhines Follow A programmer first, then ran a comedy school for the UCB theater, now a programmer again. Location Maplewood, NJ Joined Jan 15, 2021 • Jan 18 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide very clear! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Logan Johnston Follow Full Stack Developer - React - Nodejs - Postgresql | USN Veteran | Web Design and Development Student Location San Diego, CA Joined Jun 29, 2020 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey # react # programming # webdev # performance ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/how-to-question-any-system-design-problem-with-live-interview-walkthrough-2cd4#key-insight | How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # systemdesign # interview # architecture # career Thinking in First Principles: Most system design interview failures are not caused by missing knowledge of tools. They are caused by missing questions . Strong candidates do not start by designing systems. They start by interrogating the problem . This post teaches you: How to question a system from first principles How to apply that questioning live in an interview What mistakes candidates commonly make A printable one-page checklist you can memorize and reuse No prior system design experience required. What โFirst Principlesโ Means in System Design First principles means reducing a problem to fundamental truths that must always hold , regardless of: Programming language Framework Infrastructure Scale Every systemโchat apps, payment systems, video processing pipelinesโmust answer the same core questions about: State Time Failure Order Scale If a design cannot answer one of these, it is incomplete. The 5-Step First-Principles Questioning Framework You will apply these questions in order . State โ Where does information live? When is it durable? Time โ How long does each step take? Failure โ What breaks independently? Order โ What defines correct sequence? Scale โ What grows fastest under load? This is not a checklist you recite. It is a thinking sequence . Letโs walk through each one. 1. State โ Where Does It Live? When Is It Durable? The Question Where does the systemโs information exist, and when is it safe from loss? This is always the first question because nothing else matters if data disappears. What Youโre Really Asking Is data stored in memory or persisted? What survives a crash or restart? What is the source of truth? Example Case Imagine a system that accepts user requests and processes them later. If the request only lives in memory: A restart loses it A crash loses it Another instance canโt see it You have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance one. Key Insight If state only exists in a running process, it does not exist. 2. Time โ How Long Does Each Step Take? Once state exists, time becomes unavoidable. The Question Which steps are fast, and which are slow? You are comparing orders of magnitude , not exact numbers. What Youโre Really Asking Is there long-running work? Does the user wait for it? Is fast work blocked by slow work? Example Case A system: Accepts a request (milliseconds) Performs heavy processing (seconds) If the request waits for processing: Latency is dominated by the slowest step Throughput collapses under load Key Insight The slowest step defines the user experience. 3. Failure โ What Breaks Independently? Now assume something goes wrong. It always will. The Question Which parts of the system can fail without the others failing? What Youโre Really Asking What if the system crashes mid-operation? What if work is retried? Can the same work run twice? Example Case If work can be retried: It may run twice Side effects may duplicate State may become inconsistent This is not a bug. It is the default behavior of distributed systems. Key Insight Distributed systems fail partially, not cleanly. 4. Order โ What Defines Correct Sequence? Ordering issues appear only after state, time, and failure are considered. The Question Does correctness depend on the order of operations? What Youโre Really Asking Does arrival order equal processing order? Can later work finish earlier? Does that matter? Example Case Two requests arrive: A then B If B completes before A: Is the system still correct? If the answer is โno,โ order must be explicitly enforced. Key Insight If order matters, it must be designedโnot assumed. 5. Scale โ What Grows Fastest? Only now do we talk about scale. The Question As usage increases, which dimension grows fastest? What Youโre Really Asking Requests? Stored data? Concurrent operations? Waiting work? Example Case If each request waits on slow work: Concurrent waiting grows with latency Resources exhaust quickly Key Insight Systems fail at the fastest-growing dimension. Live Mock Interview Case Study (Detailed) Interviewer โDesign a system where users submit tasks and receive results later.โ Candidate (Correct Approach) Candidate: Before designing, Iโd like to understand what state the system must preserve. Step 1: State Candidate: We must store: The userโs request The result A way to associate them This state must survive crashes, so it needs to be persisted. Interviewer: Good. Continue. Step 2: Time Candidate: Submitting a request is likely fast. Producing a result could be slow. If we make users wait for result generation, latency will be high and throughput limited. So the system likely separates request acceptance from processing. Step 3: Failure Candidate: Now Iโll assume failures. If processing crashes mid-way: The request still exists Processing may retry That means the same task could execute twice. So we must consider whether duplicate execution is safe. Step 4: Order Candidate: If users submit multiple tasks: Does order matter? If yes: Arrival order โ completion order We need to explicitly preserve sequence If no: Tasks can be processed independently Step 5: Scale Candidate: Under load, the fastest-growing dimension is: Pending background work If processing is slow, the backlog grows quickly. So the system must degrade gracefully under that pressure. Interviewer Assessment The candidate: Asked structured questions Identified real failure modes Avoided premature tools Demonstrated systems thinking No tools were required to pass this interview. Common Mistakes Candidates Make 1. Jumping to Solutions โ โWeโll use Kafkaโ โ
โWhat happens if work runs twice?โ 2. Treating State as Implementation Detail โ โWeโll store it somewhereโ โ
โWhat must never be lost?โ 3. Ignoring Failure โ โRetries should workโ โ
โWhat if retries duplicate effects?โ 4. Assuming Order โ โRequests are processed in orderโ โ
โWhat enforces that order?โ 5. Talking About Scale Too Early โ โMillions of usersโ โ
โWhich dimension explodes first?โ Printable One-Page Interview Checklist You can print or memorize this. First-Principles System Design Checklist Ask these in order: State What information must exist? Where does it live? When is it durable? Time Which steps are fast? Which are slow? Does slow work block fast work? Failure What can fail independently? Can work be retried? What happens if it runs twice? Order Does correctness depend on sequence? Is arrival order preserved? What enforces ordering? Scale What grows fastest? How does the system fail under load? Final Mental Model Great system design is not about building systems. It is about exposing hidden assumptions. This framework helps you do thatโcalmly, systematically, and convincingly. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async QueueโBased Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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https://dev.to/thekarlesi/secure-authentication-in-nextjs-building-a-production-ready-login-system-4m7#secure-authentication-in-nextjs-building-a-productionready-login-system | Secure Authentication in Next.js: Building a Production-Ready Login System - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Esimit Karlgusta Posted on Jan 4 Secure Authentication in Next.js: Building a Production-Ready Login System # nextjs # programming # webdev # beginners Secure Authentication in Next.js: Building a Production-Ready Login System Every great SaaS product begins at the same point: the login page. It is the gatekeeper of your user data and the first interaction your customers have with your professional application. Yet, for many developers, setting up authentication feels like a high-stakes puzzle where a single mistake can lead to security vulnerabilities or a frustrated user base. If you have ever struggled with session management, wondered how to securely store user credentials, or felt overwhelmed by the complexity of OAuth providers, you are in the right place. In this lesson, we are going to strip away the confusion and build a robust, secure authentication system using Auth.js (NextAuth v5) within the Next.js App Router framework. The Problem: The "Homegrown" Auth Trap Many developers start by trying to build their own authentication logic. They create a users table in MongoDB, hash passwords with bcrypt, and try to manage JWTs (JSON Web Tokens) manually in cookies. While this is a great academic exercise, it is often a recipe for disaster in a production SaaS environment. Manual auth systems frequently suffer from: Security Gaps: Improperly configured cookies or CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) vulnerabilities. Maintenance Burden: Keeping up with changing security standards and API updates from providers like Google or GitHub. UX Friction: Hard-to-implement features like "Forgot Password," "Magic Links," or social logins. The Shift: Moving to Auth.js The professional way to handle this in 2026 is by using a library that does the heavy lifting for you. Auth.js is the standard for anyone wanting to Learn Next.js for SaaS . It handles session management, multi-provider support, and database integration out of the box, allowing you to focus on your core product features instead of reinventing the security wheel. By shifting to an established library, you gain the confidence that your sessions are handled via encrypted, server-only cookies. You also get an easy path to adding "Login with Google," which significantly increases conversion rates for modern SaaS products. Deep Dive: Setting Up Your Auth Workflow To build a complete SaaS, we need a flexible system. We will implement two main strategies: Email/Password (Credentials) for traditional users and Google OAuth for a frictionless experience. 1. The Architecture of Auth.js in the App Router In the Next.js App Router, authentication happens primarily on the server. We use a combination of: The Auth Configuration File: Where we define our providers and callbacks. Middleware: To protect routes before they even hit the browser. Server Actions: To handle login and signup logic securely. 2. Initial Setup and Environment Variables First, we need to install the necessary packages. In your terminal, run: npm install next-auth@beta mongodb @auth/mongodb-adapter bcryptjs Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Before writing code, we must define our environment variables. These are secrets that should never be committed to GitHub. Create a .env.local\ file: AUTH_SECRET=your_super_secret_random_string NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_URL=http://localhost:3000 AUTH_GOOGLE_ID=your_google_client_id AUTH_GOOGLE_SECRET=your_google_client_secret MONGODB_URI=your_mongodb_connection_string Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Configuring the Auth Library We will create a central configuration file. This is the heart of your security system. It tells Next.js how to talk to your database and how to verify users. File: auth.ts (Root directory) import NextAuth from " next-auth " ; import Google from " next-auth/providers/google " ; import Credentials from " next-auth/providers/credentials " ; import { MongoDBAdapter } from " @auth/mongodb-adapter " ; import clientPromise from " @/lib/mongodb " ; import bcrypt from " bcryptjs " ; export const { handlers , auth , signIn , signOut } = NextAuth ({ adapter : MongoDBAdapter ( clientPromise ), providers : [ Google , Credentials ({ name : " credentials " , credentials : { email : { label : " Email " , type : " email " }, password : { label : " Password " , type : " password " }, }, async authorize ( credentials ) { if ( ! credentials ?. email || ! credentials ?. password ) return null ; const dbClient = await clientPromise ; const user = await dbClient . db (). collection ( " users " ). findOne ({ email : credentials . email }); if ( ! user || ! user . password ) return null ; const isValid = await bcrypt . compare ( credentials . password as string , user . password ); return isValid ? { id : user . _id . toString (), email : user . email } : null ; }, }), ], session : { strategy : " jwt " }, pages : { signIn : " /login " , }, callbacks : { async session ({ session , token }) { if ( token . sub && session . user ) { session . user . id = token . sub ; } return session ; }, }, }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Creating the Login UI with Tailwind and DaisyUI A SaaS needs a professional-looking login page. Using Tailwind CSS and DaisyUI, we can build a clean, responsive form that works on any device. File: app/(auth)/login/page.tsx import { signIn } from " @/auth " ; export default function LoginPage () { return ( < div className = "flex items-center justify-center min-h-screen bg-base-200" > < div className = "card w-full max-w-md shadow-2xl bg-base-100" > < div className = "card-body" > < h2 className = "text-3xl font-bold text-center mb-6" > Welcome Back </ h2 > < form action = { async () => { " use server " ; await signIn ( " google " , { redirectTo : " /dashboard " }); } } > < button className = "btn btn-outline w-full flex items-center gap-2" > Continue with Google </ button > </ form > < div className = "divider text-xs uppercase text-base-content/50" > or </ div > < form className = "space-y-4" > < div className = "form-control" > < label className = "label" > < span className = "label-text" > Email </ span > </ label > < input type = "email" placeholder = "email@example.com" className = "input input-bordered" required /> </ div > < div className = "form-control" > < label className = "label" > < span className = "label-text" > Password </ span > </ label > < input type = "password" placeholder = "โขโขโขโขโขโขโขโข" className = "input input-bordered" required /> </ div > < button className = "btn btn-primary w-full" > Sign In </ button > </ form > < p className = "text-center mt-4 text-sm" > Don't have an account? < a href = "/signup" className = "link link-primary" > Sign up </ a > </ p > </ div > </ div > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 5. Protecting Routes with Middleware In a SaaS application, you don't want unauthorized users accessing the dashboard or settings pages. Instead of checking for a session on every single page, we use Next.js Middleware to handle this globally. File: middleware.ts (Root directory) import { auth } from " @/auth " ; export default auth (( req ) => { const isLoggedIn = !! req . auth ; const { nextUrl } = req ; const isAuthPage = nextUrl . pathname . startsWith ( " /login " ) || nextUrl . pathname . startsWith ( " /signup " ); const isDashboardPage = nextUrl . pathname . startsWith ( " /dashboard " ); if ( isDashboardPage && ! isLoggedIn ) { return Response . redirect ( new URL ( " /login " , nextUrl )); } if ( isAuthPage && isLoggedIn ) { return Response . redirect ( new URL ( " /dashboard " , nextUrl )); } }); export const config = { matcher : [ " /((?!api|_next/static|_next/image|favicon.ico).*) " ], }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Key Benefits and Learning Outcomes By following this workflow, you achieve several critical milestones in your development journey: Centralized Security: You have a single source of truth for your authentication logic. Database Synchronization: Your user accounts are automatically saved to MongoDB whenever someone logs in via Google. Improved Conversions: Providing OAuth options reduces the friction of creating an account, which is vital for any Build SaaS with Next.js project. Type Safety: Using TypeScript ensures that your session data is predictable throughout your components. Common Mistakes to Avoid Exposing the Secret: Never leave your AUTH_SECRET empty or use a simple string in production. Use a tool like openssl rand -base64 32 to generate a strong key. Client-Side Protection Only: Never rely solely on hiding UI elements to secure your app. Always verify the session on the server or through middleware. Forgetting Secure Cookies: In production, ensure your AUTH_URL uses HTTPS, otherwise Auth.js will not set secure cookies, and your login will fail. Pro Tips and Best Practices Use Server Components for Auth Checks: Whenever possible, check the session in a Server Component using the auth() function. It is faster and more secure than checking on the client. Custom Session Data: If you need to store extra info (like a user's subscription status), extend the session callback in auth.ts to include those fields from your MongoDB database. Graceful Error Handling: Redirect users to a custom error page if Google login fails, rather than letting the app crash or show a generic error. How This Fits Into the Zero to SaaS Journey Authentication is the foundation of the user experience. Once you have established who the user is, you can: Store their specific data in MongoDB. Link their account to a Stripe Customer ID for billing. Provide a personalized Build SaaS Dashboard Next.js Tailwind . Without a secure auth system, your SaaS cannot function because you cannot identify who to charge or whose data to display. Real-World Use Case: The Productivity Tool Imagine you are building a SaaS called TaskFlow. A user arrives at your landing page and clicks Get Started. They click Continue with Google. Auth.js redirects them to Google's secure portal. After they approve, Google sends a token back to your auth.ts handler. Auth.js checks your MongoDB. Since this is a new user, it automatically creates a new record in your users collection. The user is redirected to /dashboard, where your server component greets them: "Welcome!" Action Plan: What to Build Next To master this lesson, I want you to complete these four tasks: Initialize the Project: Set up a fresh Next.js project and install the dependencies. Configure Google Cloud: Go to the Google Cloud Console, create a project, and get your OAuth credentials. Build the Login Page: Use the Tailwind/DaisyUI code provided to create your own branded login screen. Test the Middleware: Create a protected /dashboard page and try to access it while logged out to ensure you are redirected. Take Your SaaS to the Next Level Building a secure login system is just the beginning. If you want to skip the trial and error and follow a proven path to a launched product, check out our comprehensive Zero to SaaS Next.js Course . We dive deep into advanced patterns, multi-tenant security, and production-ready deployments. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Esimit Karlgusta Follow Full Stack Developer Location Earth, for now :) Education BSc. IT Work Full Stack Developer Joined Mar 31, 2020 More from Esimit Karlgusta How to Handle Stripe and Paystack Webhooks in Next.js (The App Router Way) # api # nextjs # security # tutorial Stop Coding Login Screens: A Senior Developerโs Guide to Building SaaS That Actually Ships # webdev # programming # beginners # tutorial Zero to SaaS vs ShipFast, Which One Actually Helps You Build a Real SaaS? # nextjs # beginners # webdev # programming ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/eachampagne/websockets-with-socketio-5edp#main-content | Websockets with Socket.IO - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse eachampagne Posted on Jan 12 Websockets with Socket.IO # javascript # node # webdev # networking This post contains a flashing gif. HTTP requests have taken me pretty far, but Iโm starting to run into their limits. How do I tell a client that the server updated at midnight, and it needs to fetch the newest data? How do I notify one user when another user makes a post? In short, how do I get information to the client without it initiating the request? Websockets One possible solution is to use websockets , which establish a persistent connection between the client and server. This will allow us to send data to the client when we want to, without waiting for the clientโs next request. Websockets have their own protocol (though the connection is initiated with HTTP requests) and are language-agnostic. We could, if we wanted, implement a websocket client and its corresponding server from scratch or with Deno โฆ or we could use one of the libraries thatโs already done the hard work for us. Iโve used Socket.IO in a previous project, so weโll go with that. I enjoyed working with it before, and it even has the advantage of a fallback in case the websocket fails. Colorsocket For immediate visual feedback, weโll make a small demo where any one client can affect the colors displayed on all. Each client on the /color endpoint has a slider to control one primary color, plus a button to invert all the other /color clients. (The server assigns a color in order to each client when the client connects, so you just have to refresh a few times until you get all three colors. I did make sure duplicate colors would work in sync, however.) The /admin user can turn primary colors on or off. Hereโs the app in action: The clients arenโt all constantly making requests to the server. How do they know to update? Establishing Connections When each client runs its <script> , it creates a new socket, which opens a connection to the server. // color.html const socket = io ( ' /color ' ); // weโll come back to the argument Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The script then assigns handlers on the new socket for the various events we expect to receive from the server: // color.html socket . on ( ' assign-color ' , ( color , colorSettings , activeSettings ) => { document . getElementById ( ' color-name ' ). innerText = color ; controllingColor = color ; currentBackground = colorSettings ; active = activeSettings ; colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ controllingColor ]; document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; colorSlider . value = colorSettings [ controllingColor ]; updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' set-color ' , ( color , value ) => { currentBackground [ color ] = value ; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . value = value ; } updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { inverted = ! inverted ; document . getElementById ( ' inverted ' ). innerText = inverted ? '' : ' not ' ; updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , ( color ) => { active [ color ] = ! active [ color ]; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ color ]; } document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; updateBackground (); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, the server detects the new connection. It assigns the client a color, sends that color and current state of the application to the client, and sets up its own handlers for events received through the socket: // index.js colorNamespace . on ( ' connection ' , ( socket ) => { const color = colors [ colorCount % 3 ]; // pick the next color in the list, then loop colorCount ++ ; socket . emit ( ' assign-color ' , color , colorSettings , activeSettings ); // synchronize the client with the application state socket . data . color = color ; // you can save information to a socketโs data key, but I didnโt end up using this for anything socket . on ( ' set-color ' , ( color , value ) => { colorSettings [ color ] = value ; colorNamespace . emit ( ' set-color ' , color , value ); }); socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { socket . broadcast . emit ( ' invert ' ); }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The /admin page follows similar setup. Sending Information to the Client Letโs follow how user interaction on one page changes all the others. When a user on the blue page moves the slider, the slider emits a change event, which is caught by the sliderโs event listener: // color.html colorSlider . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { socket . emit ( ' set-color ' , controllingColor , event . target . value ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That event listener emits a new set-color event with the color and new value. The server receives the clientโs set-color , then emits its own to transmit that data to all clients. Each client receives the message and updates its blue value accordingly. Broadcasting to Other Sockets But clicking the โInvert othersโ button affects the other /color users, but not the user who actually clicked the button! The key here is the broadcast flag when the server receives and retransmits the invert message: // server.js socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { socket . broadcast . emit ( ' invert ' ); // broadcast }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This flag means that that the server will send the event to every socket except the one itโs called on. Here this is just a neat trick, but in practice, it might be useful to avoid sending a post to the user who originally wrote it, because their client already has that information. Namespaces You may have noticed that the admin tab isnโt changing color with the other three. For simplicity, I didnโt set up any handlers for the admin page. But even if I had, they wouldnโt do anything, because the admin socket isnโt receiving those events at all. This is because the admin tab is in a different namespace . // color.html const socket = io ( ' /color ' ); // ======================= // admin.html const socket = io ( ' /admin ' ); // ======================= // index.js const colorNamespace = io . of ( ' /color ' ); const adminNamespace = io . of ( ' /admin ' ); โฆ colorNamespace . emit ( ' set-color ' , color , value ); // the admin page doesnโt receive this event Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode (For clarity, I gave my two namespaces the same names as the two endpoints the pages are located at, but I didnโt have to. The namespaces could have had arbitrary names with no change in functionality, as long as the client matched the server.) Namespaces provide a convenient way to target a subset of sockets. However, namespaces can communicate with each other: // admin.html const toggleFunction = ( color ) => { socket . emit ( ' toggle-active ' , color ); }; // ======================= // index.js // clicking the buttons on the admin page triggers changes on the color pages adminNamespace . on ( ' connection ' , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , color => { activeSettings [ color ] = ! activeSettings [ color ]; colorNamespace . emit ( ' toggle-active ' , color ); }); }); // ======================= // color.html socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , ( color ) => { active [ color ] = ! active [ color ]; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ color ]; } document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; updateBackground (); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In all of the examples, events were caused by some interaction on one of the clients. An event was emitted to the server, and a second message was emitted by the server to the appropriate clients. However, this is only a small sample of the possibilities. For example, a server could use websockets to update all clients on a regular cycle, or get information from some API and pass it on. This demo is only a small showcase of what Iโve been learning and hope to keep applying in my projects going forward. References and Further Reading Socket.IO , especially the tutorial , which got me up and running very quickly Websockets on MDN โ API reference and glossary , plus the articles on writing your own clients and servers ( Deno version ) Cover Photo by Scott Rodgerson on Unsplash Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself๐your capabilities are your true power. โคTelegram - โlighthouse4661 โคDiscord - โlighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, this is an incredibly clear and practical explanation! I really appreciate how you broke down the client-server flow with Socket.IOโit makes even the trickier concepts like namespaces and broadcasting feel approachable. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Follow Aspartam Junkie Location Vice City Pronouns Grand Master Joined Feb 10, 2017 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article. A question though: why use Socket.IO when NodeJs now has it natively built in? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse eachampagne Follow Joined Sep 5, 2025 More from eachampagne Graphing in JavaScript # data # javascript # science ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/chad_musselman_f3bbf4cc78 | Chad Musselman - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Cryptoโfrom Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project โ features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Chad Musselman 404 bio not found Location Los Angeles Joined Joined onย Dec 15, 2025 Personal website http://pearch.app Education UCLA Work Founder at Pearch More info about @chad_musselman_f3bbf4cc78 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Iโm experimenting with purchase history as a signal for product recommendations. Curious what Iโm missing. Chad Musselman Chad Musselman Chad Musselman Follow Dec 15 '25 Iโm experimenting with purchase history as a signal for product recommendations. Curious what Iโm missing. # startup # ai # beginners # testing Comments Addย Comment 2 min read loading... ๐ DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem โ A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem โ the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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