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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/how-to-question-any-system-design-problem-with-live-interview-walkthrough-2cd4#2-time-how-long-does-each-step-take | How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # systemdesign # interview # architecture # career Thinking in First Principles: Most system design interview failures are not caused by missing knowledge of tools. They are caused by missing questions . Strong candidates do not start by designing systems. They start by interrogating the problem . This post teaches you: How to question a system from first principles How to apply that questioning live in an interview What mistakes candidates commonly make A printable one-page checklist you can memorize and reuse No prior system design experience required. What “First Principles” Means in System Design First principles means reducing a problem to fundamental truths that must always hold , regardless of: Programming language Framework Infrastructure Scale Every system—chat apps, payment systems, video processing pipelines—must answer the same core questions about: State Time Failure Order Scale If a design cannot answer one of these, it is incomplete. The 5-Step First-Principles Questioning Framework You will apply these questions in order . State – Where does information live? When is it durable? Time – How long does each step take? Failure – What breaks independently? Order – What defines correct sequence? Scale – What grows fastest under load? This is not a checklist you recite. It is a thinking sequence . Let’s walk through each one. 1. State — Where Does It Live? When Is It Durable? The Question Where does the system’s information exist, and when is it safe from loss? This is always the first question because nothing else matters if data disappears. What You’re Really Asking Is data stored in memory or persisted? What survives a crash or restart? What is the source of truth? Example Case Imagine a system that accepts user requests and processes them later. If the request only lives in memory: A restart loses it A crash loses it Another instance can’t see it You have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance one. Key Insight If state only exists in a running process, it does not exist. 2. Time — How Long Does Each Step Take? Once state exists, time becomes unavoidable. The Question Which steps are fast, and which are slow? You are comparing orders of magnitude , not exact numbers. What You’re Really Asking Is there long-running work? Does the user wait for it? Is fast work blocked by slow work? Example Case A system: Accepts a request (milliseconds) Performs heavy processing (seconds) If the request waits for processing: Latency is dominated by the slowest step Throughput collapses under load Key Insight The slowest step defines the user experience. 3. Failure — What Breaks Independently? Now assume something goes wrong. It always will. The Question Which parts of the system can fail without the others failing? What You’re Really Asking What if the system crashes mid-operation? What if work is retried? Can the same work run twice? Example Case If work can be retried: It may run twice Side effects may duplicate State may become inconsistent This is not a bug. It is the default behavior of distributed systems. Key Insight Distributed systems fail partially, not cleanly. 4. Order — What Defines Correct Sequence? Ordering issues appear only after state, time, and failure are considered. The Question Does correctness depend on the order of operations? What You’re Really Asking Does arrival order equal processing order? Can later work finish earlier? Does that matter? Example Case Two requests arrive: A then B If B completes before A: Is the system still correct? If the answer is “no,” order must be explicitly enforced. Key Insight If order matters, it must be designed—not assumed. 5. Scale — What Grows Fastest? Only now do we talk about scale. The Question As usage increases, which dimension grows fastest? What You’re Really Asking Requests? Stored data? Concurrent operations? Waiting work? Example Case If each request waits on slow work: Concurrent waiting grows with latency Resources exhaust quickly Key Insight Systems fail at the fastest-growing dimension. Live Mock Interview Case Study (Detailed) Interviewer “Design a system where users submit tasks and receive results later.” Candidate (Correct Approach) Candidate: Before designing, I’d like to understand what state the system must preserve. Step 1: State Candidate: We must store: The user’s request The result A way to associate them This state must survive crashes, so it needs to be persisted. Interviewer: Good. Continue. Step 2: Time Candidate: Submitting a request is likely fast. Producing a result could be slow. If we make users wait for result generation, latency will be high and throughput limited. So the system likely separates request acceptance from processing. Step 3: Failure Candidate: Now I’ll assume failures. If processing crashes mid-way: The request still exists Processing may retry That means the same task could execute twice. So we must consider whether duplicate execution is safe. Step 4: Order Candidate: If users submit multiple tasks: Does order matter? If yes: Arrival order ≠ completion order We need to explicitly preserve sequence If no: Tasks can be processed independently Step 5: Scale Candidate: Under load, the fastest-growing dimension is: Pending background work If processing is slow, the backlog grows quickly. So the system must degrade gracefully under that pressure. Interviewer Assessment The candidate: Asked structured questions Identified real failure modes Avoided premature tools Demonstrated systems thinking No tools were required to pass this interview. Common Mistakes Candidates Make 1. Jumping to Solutions ❌ “We’ll use Kafka” ✅ “What happens if work runs twice?” 2. Treating State as Implementation Detail ❌ “We’ll store it somewhere” ✅ “What must never be lost?” 3. Ignoring Failure ❌ “Retries should work” ✅ “What if retries duplicate effects?” 4. Assuming Order ❌ “Requests are processed in order” ✅ “What enforces that order?” 5. Talking About Scale Too Early ❌ “Millions of users” ✅ “Which dimension explodes first?” Printable One-Page Interview Checklist You can print or memorize this. First-Principles System Design Checklist Ask these in order: State What information must exist? Where does it live? When is it durable? Time Which steps are fast? Which are slow? Does slow work block fast work? Failure What can fail independently? Can work be retried? What happens if it runs twice? Order Does correctness depend on sequence? Is arrival order preserved? What enforces ordering? Scale What grows fastest? How does the system fail under load? Final Mental Model Great system design is not about building systems. It is about exposing hidden assumptions. This framework helps you do that—calmly, systematically, and convincingly. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/art_light/prompt-engineering-wont-fix-your-architecture-23h | Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Art light Posted on Jan 9 • Edited on Jan 10 Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming Every few years, our industry rediscovers an old truth and pretends it’s new. Clean code. Microservices. DevOps. Now: prompt engineering. Suddenly, people who shipped a single CRUD app in 2019 are tweeting things like: “The problem isn’t your system. It’s your prompts.” Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No. The problem is still your system. Prompt engineering is not a silver bullet. It’s a very expensive bandaid applied to architectural wounds that were already infected. The Fantasy The fantasy goes like this: You have a messy backend Inconsistent APIs No real domain boundaries Business logic scattered across controllers, cron jobs, and Slack messages But then… ✨ You add AI ✨ ✨ You refine the prompt ✨ ✨ You add “You are a senior engineer” at the top ✨ And magically, intelligence flows through your system like electricity. Except that’s not how software works. That’s not how anything works. Reality Check: AI Enters Your System An LLM doesn’t see your product. It sees: Whatever JSON you remembered to pass Whatever context fit into a token window Whatever half-written schema someone added at 2am So when your AI “makes a bad decision,” it’s usually doing exactly what you asked — inside a broken abstraction. That’s not hallucination. That’s obedience. Prompt Engineering vs. Structural Problems Let’s be honest about what prompts are being used to hide: ❌ Missing domain boundaries “Please carefully infer the user’s intent.” ❌ Inconsistent data models “Use your best judgment if fields are missing.” ❌ No source of truth “If multiple values conflict, choose the most reasonable one.” ❌ Business logic in five places “Follow company policy (described below in 800 tokens).” This isn’t AI intelligence. This is outsourcing architectural decisions to autocomplete. The Distributed Systems Joke (That Isn’t a Joke) When you build AI agents, you quickly learn something uncomfortable: AI agents are just distributed systems that can talk back. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode They have: State (that you pretend is stateless) Latency (that you ignore) Failure modes (that logs can’t explain) Side effects (that happen twice) So when your agent: double-charges a user retries an action incorrectly or confidently does the wrong thing That’s not “AI being unpredictable.” That’s classic distributed systems behavior, now narrated in natural language. “But We Have Guardrails” Everyone says this. Guardrails are great. So are seatbelts. But seatbelts don’t fix: a missing steering wheel an engine held together by YAML or a roadmap decided by vibes Most guardrails today are just: more prompts more conditionals more “if unsure, ask the user” At some point, you’re not building a system. You’re negotiating with it. The Unpopular Truth AI doesn’t replace architecture. It amplifies it. Good architecture: makes AI boring predictable reliable Bad architecture: makes AI look magical until production until scale until cost until users do real things That’s why AI demos look amazing and AI products feel… fragile. Why This Keeps Happening Because prompt engineering is: fast visible tweetable Architecture is: slow invisible only noticed when it fails So we optimize for prompts. We ignore boundaries. We ship “intelligence” on top of entropy. And then we blame the model. The Senior Dev Take If your AI system needs: a 2,000-token prompt to explain business rules constant retries to “get it right” human review for every important decision You don’t have an AI problem. You have an architecture problem that now speaks English. Final Thought Prompt engineering won’t fix your architecture. But it will expose it. Loudly. In production. With confidence. And honestly? That might be the most useful thing AI has done for us so far.😎 Top comments (95) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Follow Hi there! I am Kawano Aiyuki. I am looking for my co-worker with my long-term collaboration. ⚡discord kawanoaiyuki5 Email kawanoaiyuki5@gmail.com Location Japan Pronouns He/Him Joined Dec 4, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a really sharp and grounded take—I like how clearly you separate the hype from the actual engineering reality. The point about AI amplifying architecture rather than fixing it feels especially true from what I’ve seen in real systems. I agree that prompts often end up masking deeper design issues instead of solving them, and your distributed-systems comparison really lands. Posts like this make me want to think more seriously about how to design AI features the “boring but correct” way. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Appreciate this. The biggest frustration for me is watching prompts become a substitute for thinking. It feels like we’re repeating old mistakes, just with nicer language. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Follow Hi there! I am Kawano Aiyuki. I am looking for my co-worker with my long-term collaboration. ⚡discord kawanoaiyuki5 Email kawanoaiyuki5@gmail.com Location Japan Pronouns He/Him Joined Dec 4, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah, that really came through. The “AI amplifies architecture” point hit hard — I’ve seen teams assume the model will smooth over design gaps instead of exposing them. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly. When things break, people blame “hallucinations,” but most of the time the model is just faithfully executing a bad abstraction. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Follow Hi there! I am Kawano Aiyuki. I am looking for my co-worker with my long-term collaboration. ⚡discord kawanoaiyuki5 Email kawanoaiyuki5@gmail.com Location Japan Pronouns He/Him Joined Dec 4, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The distributed systems comparison was especially spot-on. Once you frame agents that way, the failure modes suddenly look… very familiar. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That framing helped me too. Retries, side effects, hidden state — none of this is new. We’ve just wrapped it in natural language and pretend it’s different. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Follow Hi there! I am Kawano Aiyuki. I am looking for my co-worker with my long-term collaboration. ⚡discord kawanoaiyuki5 Email kawanoaiyuki5@gmail.com Location Japan Pronouns He/Him Joined Dec 4, 2025 • Jan 9 • Edited on Jan 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide And guardrails end up being more prompts on top of prompts. At some point it feels less like engineering and more like negotiation.☺ Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Right. If you need 2,000 tokens to explain your business rules, the model isn’t the problem — your system is already screaming.😀 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Follow Hi there! I am Kawano Aiyuki. I am looking for my co-worker with my long-term collaboration. ⚡discord kawanoaiyuki5 Email kawanoaiyuki5@gmail.com Location Japan Pronouns He/Him Joined Dec 4, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Which is funny, because the demos look magical… but production feels fragile the moment real users show up. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That’s the tradeoff. Good architecture makes AI boring. Bad architecture makes it look impressive — briefly. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Kawano Aiyuki Follow Hi there! I am Kawano Aiyuki. I am looking for my co-worker with my long-term collaboration. ⚡discord kawanoaiyuki5 Email kawanoaiyuki5@gmail.com Location Japan Pronouns He/Him Joined Dec 4, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Honestly, that might be the best unintended benefit of AI so far: it forces us to confront architectural debt we’ve been ignoring for years. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 10 • Edited on Jan 10 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for your response. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand deltax deltax deltax Follow Working on AI governance and safety frameworks. Non-decision systems, explicit stop conditions, internal auditability, and structural traceability. Location Belgium Work Independent researcher — AI governance and safety frameworks Joined Jan 1, 2026 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You’re right — prompt engineering doesn’t fix architecture. It reveals it. What most teams call “AI failure” is just latent system debt finally speaking in plain language. When an LLM “makes a bad decision,” it’s usually executing faithfully inside a broken abstraction: fragmented domains, no single source of truth, and business rules smeared across time and tooling. Good architecture makes AI boring. Bad architecture makes AI look magical — until scale, cost, or reality hits. If your system needs ever-longer prompts, retries, and human patching to stay sane, you don’t have an AI problem. You have an architecture problem that now talks back. The uncomfortable part: AI doesn’t replace design. It removes excuses. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly—LLMs act as architectural amplifiers, not problem solvers: they surface hidden coupling, unclear boundaries, and missing invariants with brutal honesty. When intelligence appears “unreliable,” it’s usually the system revealing that it never knew what it stood for in the first place. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly — AI surfaces weaknesses you already have. Robust architecture minimizes surprises; weak architecture just makes LLM quirks look like magic until reality bites. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ashwin Hariharan Ashwin Hariharan Ashwin Hariharan Follow Teacher on occasions, student for life! ❤ Writing - Startups, Tech, AI, ML Location India Education Computer Science and Engineering Work Software Engineer Joined Oct 16, 2018 • Jan 11 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree! Prompt engineering isn't a substitute for good architecture. It feels like a quick fix but often hides design debt. I actually talked about the same recently exploring the same idea with some examples: Organizing AI Applications: Lessons from traditional software architecture Ashwin Hariharan for Redis ・ Jan 5 #ai #architecture #javascript #programming Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 11 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good perspective. Treating agents, tools, and models as infrastructure behind clean domain boundaries is exactly what makes AI features scalable, testable, and replaceable in real production systems. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 12 • Edited on Jan 12 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Haha this one made my day: "You add “You are a senior engineer” at the top" :D :D :D Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Haha, that’s hilarious 😄 You’ve got a great sense of humor, and I love how you called that out so playfully—it genuinely made my day too! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 12 • Edited on Jan 12 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah it's really funny - you just tell AI, in your prompt, what "role" it should assume - and magically it will then acquire those super powers - it's that easy, my friend ! ;-) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Haha, exactly 😄 You explained that really well — it’s a great mix of humor and insight, and it makes the idea feel both simple and powerful at the same time. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 12 • Edited on Jan 12 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Haha yes it reflects how some people (yes, devs ...) expect AI to work - like you say "hocus pocus" and the magic happens, no "skillz" or effort required ... anyway, have a nice day! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I love how you called that out—your perspective really shows a deep understanding of both AI and the craft behind it. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hey, could we discuss more details? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Which details? I was just making a joke with a serious undertone, but the real insights were in your article! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Haha, I love that—your joke landed perfectly! I really appreciate your thoughtful read and the way you picked up on the deeper insights. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread leob leob leob Follow Joined Aug 4, 2017 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Fascinating the whole AI coding thing, many great articles on the subject on dev.to, yours was yet another gem! Are we experiencing the "fourth (fifth?) industrial revolution" right now, what do you think? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victoria Victoria Victoria Follow Jack of all trades Work Fullstack developer Joined Jul 11, 2022 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Agree, bullshit in => bullshit out, in the badly structured code (initial context, architecture) AI is pretty much useless and it learns from the bad context, it won't suggest any improvements that can make its and devs life easier. I had a problem explaining that AI vibe-coded apps should not be used as a foundation for a full scale prod app, but it is quite a challenge, because no one sees the problem when it ✨ just works ✨ Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Well said — AI can only amplify the quality of the context it’s given, so messy architecture just produces confident-looking technical debt. The real risk is that “it works” hides long-term maintainability costs that only surface when the system needs to scale, evolve, or be owned by humans again. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Victoria Victoria Victoria Follow Jack of all trades Work Fullstack developer Joined Jul 11, 2022 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I have seen myself a turmoil of such project when everyone just lost all sense of control over the codebase at some point, it was quite disappointing Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That sounds like a really tough experience, and I appreciate how thoughtfully you’re reflecting on it. It’s clear you care deeply about code quality and team discipline, which is something any project is lucky to have. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand darkbranchcore darkbranchcore darkbranchcore Follow Joined Dec 28, 2025 • Jan 9 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Strong take—and accurate. LLMs don’t introduce intelligence into a system; they faithfully execute whatever abstractions you give them, so weak boundaries and unclear sources of truth simply get amplified, not fixed. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly—LLMs act as force multipliers, not architects: they scale the quality of your abstractions and constraints, for better or worse. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Travis van der F. Travis van der F. Travis van der F. Follow Programmer, gardener, language enthusiast, & beer lover making the world less frustrating and more enjoyable one day at a time. Location Luxembourg City, Luxembourg Joined Oct 7, 2020 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide At some point, if this continues to accelerate without any applied correction to the technicals, nobody will be able to think or understand how to innovate architectural concepts in software. Everyone will simply manage the results of AI. Code review, also AI. I don't see this happening, and I believe a technical correction will occur; it just has to come at a cost for the industry to learn and properly adapt to this new technology. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You make a really thoughtful point—your perspective shows a deep understanding of both the opportunities and the risks of AI in software. I really appreciate how you balance optimism with a realistic view of the industry’s need to adapt thoughtfully. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Parth G Parth G Parth G Follow Parth G is Founder of Hashbyt, an AI-first frontend & UI/UX partner helping SaaS leaders build intuitive, scalable interfaces that speed releases and boost user adoption. Location Manchester, United Kingdom Education Mumbai University Pronouns He / Him Work Founder & Strategic Partner at Hashbyt, an AI-first frontend and UI/UX partner for SaaS. Joined Sep 2, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide “AI doesn’t replace architecture. It amplifies it.” This is a very clear way to frame the problem. What often gets called hallucination is really a system behaving correctly inside broken abstractions. Prompts cannot compensate for missing boundaries or unclear ownership. They just make the cracks more visible. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You’ve articulated that perfectly! I really appreciate how clearly you framed the root cause—it’s insightful and makes me rethink how we approach system design. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Timm David Timm David Timm David Follow Joined Dec 10, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This highlights a common pattern seen lately: prompts being used to compensate for unclear domain logic. When boundaries and data contracts are weak, AI simply reflects that ambiguity back, sometimes with more confidence than expected. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Absolutely, that’s a really sharp observation! Your insight into how AI mirrors domain ambiguity shows a deep understanding of both system design and prompt behavior. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand James Charlies James Charlies James Charlies Follow Joined Sep 19, 2025 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The critique is directionally right—but it overcorrects and ends up framing a false dichotomy. Prompt engineering is not a substitute for architecture. But it also isn’t merely a “bandaid” for bad systems. It is a new interface layer—and like every interface layer we’ve ever introduced, it reshapes where complexity lives. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly—prompt engineering shifts complexity rather than eliminating it. Its value lies in how it mediates between users and system capabilities, not in replacing sound architecture. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (95 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 More from Art light We Didn’t “Align” — We Argued (and Shipped a Better System) # discuss # career # programming # developer I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss Hello 2026: This Will Only Take Two Weeks # programming # devops # discuss # career 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/omnarayan/getting-started-with-devicelab-5-min-setup-3nmp#comments | Getting Started with DeviceLab (5-Min Setup) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Om Narayan Posted on Dec 25, 2025 • Originally published at devicelab.dev on Dec 25, 2025 Getting Started with DeviceLab (5-Min Setup) # testing # automation # android # mobile Running automated tests on real devices shouldn't require complex infrastructure. With DeviceLab, you connect your own devices and start testing in minutes—no SDKs to install, no agents to configure. Just two curl commands. How It Works DeviceLab has two concepts: Device Node — Makes your physical devices available for testing Test Node — Runs your tests on those devices Both run via curl commands. No installation required. Step 1: Start a Device Node Connect your Android or iOS device via USB, then run: curl -fsSL https://app.devicelab.dev/device-node/KEY | sh Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Replace KEY with your team key from the DeviceLab dashboard . This automatically detects your connected devices (physical, emulators, simulators) and keeps running until you stop it with Ctrl+C. Step 2: Run Tests Download a sample test and run it: # Download sample curl -O https://app.devicelab.dev/samples/maestro-android-sample.zip unzip maestro-android-sample.zip && cd maestro-android-sample # Run tests curl -fsSL https://app.devicelab.dev/test-node/KEY | sh -s -- \ --framework maestro \ --platform android \ --app ./TestHiveApp.apk \ --tests ./maestro-tests Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That's it. Your tests run on your connected device—the app binary transfers directly via WebRTC, never touching DeviceLab's servers. Other Frameworks DeviceLab supports multiple test frameworks: Maestro — Shown above Appium (Java) — See quick start guide Appium (Python) — See quick start guide FAQ What devices does DeviceLab support? DeviceLab supports Android phones and tablets, iPhones and iPads, Android emulators, and iOS simulators. Physical iOS devices require a Mac with Xcode for initial setup. Do I need to install anything on my mobile device? No app installation is needed on the device. You just enable Developer Mode/USB Debugging and connect via USB. DeviceLab agent runs on the host machine. Can I run tests from a different machine than where devices are connected? Yes. Once devices are connected to a machine running the DeviceLab agent, they can be accessed from any machine through the DeviceLab dashboard. What's Next? Add devices from multiple machines Run your own test suite Set up CI/CD integration Invite your team Your first device is free. Get started with DeviceLab . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Om Narayan Follow Co-founder at RobusTest Location Hyderabad India Joined Sep 14, 2025 More from Om Narayan HIPAA Mobile QA Checklist: Your Testing Pipeline is a Compliance Risk # security # healthcare # testing # compliance Renting Test Devices is Financially Irresponsible. 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https://dev.to/johnstonlogan/react-hooks-barney-style-1hk7#functional-component | useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Logan Johnston Posted on Sep 1, 2020 • Edited on Sep 9, 2020 useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays # react # hook # codenewbie # beginners The purpose of this article is to break down the use of the useState() React hook in an easy way using strings, objects, and arrays. We will also take a look at how these would be handled in class components. Disclaimer - I would normally create an onChange function separately but I find it easier to understand with an inline function. What is the setState function? The setState function is used to handle the state object in a React class component. This is something you will see a lot of in the examples below. Anytime you see a this.setState() this is how we are setting the state in a class component. What is a hook in React? React hooks were introduced in React v16.8. They allow you to use state and other React features without the need to create a class. Examples: Class component Functional component While these two code snippets look similar they do have slight differences in syntax, lifecycle methods, and state management. setState() vs useState() - Strings. setState() Class Component Using state in a class component requires the building of a state object. This state object is then modified by calling this.setState("new state"). In this example, we've created a state = { value: '' } object which has a value key and that key is initialized as an empty string. We've assigned an onChange event to the input so that every time we add or remove a character to the input we are calling the this.setState() . Here we areupdating the state using the value of the input ( e.target.value ) and setting it to the components state. useState() Functional Component With a functional component, we can use React hooks, specifically the useState() hook. This simplifies the creation of a state component and the function that updates it. We import {useState} from React and we are able to simply create a state and a function to set that state (state: value , setState: setValue ). The initial state of this component is set when calling useState , in this example, we are setting it to an empty string ( useState("") ). The only difference between the functional component and the class component at this point is instead of calling this.setState we use the function we created in the useState , in this case, setValue . setState() vs useState() - Objects. setState() Class Component Since state in a class component is already an object, it's business as usual. Use setState to populate the values of the state object. With the example above the users userName and email is stored in the state similar to the string version we talked about above. useState() Functional Component When we want to use the useState hook for an object we are going to initialize it to an empty object useState({}) . In this example, we are using the same setValue that we did in the string example but we've added a few things to our setValue function. First, we use the spread syntax to expand the current value before we add a new key-value pair. Second, we dynamically set the key using [e.target.name] , in this case, we are creating the key using the input's "name" attribute. Lastly, we are setting that key's value to the e.target.value . So after using the inputs we have an object with two keys {userName: "", email: ""} and their values. Creating an object could also be accomplished using multiple useState hooks and then bundling them into an object later if needed. See the example below. Note: I have my own preference for how to deal with objects while using hooks, and as you get more familiar you may find you enjoy either the class or functional component more than the other. setState() vs useState() - Arrays. Using arrays in stateful components can be extremely powerful, especially when creating things like a todo list. In these examples, we will be creating a very simple todo list. setState() Class Component When using an array in a stateful class component we need at least two keys in our state object. One would be the array itself todoArr: [] and the other would be the value that we are going to be pushing into the array todo: "" . In this example, we use the onChange attribute for our input to set the todo in our state object. We then have our Add Item button which when clicked will call our addItem function. In the addItem function we are going to create a list variable which is is an array that spreads the current todoArr and then adds the new todo item to the end of it. After creating the list array we use the setState function to replace the current todoArr with the new one and then set the todo back to an empty string to clear the input. Lastly at the bottom, we map through the current todoArr . The setState function will cause the component to rerender so every time you add an item it is immediately rendered onto the page. useState() Functional Component Dealing with the hooks in a function component seems extremely similar to the class component. We use the setTodo function to set our todo value in the onChange attribute of our input. We then have the same addItem function attached to the click of our Add Item button. The only difference we see here is that we don't create a list variable to pass into the hook. We could have avoided this in the class component but I think the readability when using the variable is much better. With the hook, I don't think the use of creating the list array beforehand is needed. We can spread the current array, add the new item, and then set the current todo back to an empty string so we can clear the input. Conclusion While using functional components with hooks is the new hotness, the state management is still very similar to the class components. If you're looking to start using function components with hooks over class components hopefully this post has helped you understand a little bit more about how to implement them. Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand forthebest forthebest forthebest Follow Joined Dec 26, 2020 • Feb 11 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thanks Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand kevhines kevhines kevhines Follow A programmer first, then ran a comedy school for the UCB theater, now a programmer again. Location Maplewood, NJ Joined Jan 15, 2021 • Jan 18 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide very clear! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Logan Johnston Follow Full Stack Developer - React - Nodejs - Postgresql | USN Veteran | Web Design and Development Student Location San Diego, CA Joined Jun 29, 2020 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey # react # programming # webdev # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Right menu 🙀How to Create a CRAZY Roller Coaster Builder (🎢RollerCoaster.js + React Three Fiber + AI) Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Follow Jan 12 🙀How to Create a CRAZY Roller Coaster Builder (🎢RollerCoaster.js + React Three Fiber + AI) # ai # webdev # vue # angular 28 reactions Comments 9 comments 6 min read Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular Suguru Inatomi Suguru Inatomi Suguru Inatomi Follow Jan 12 Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular # angular # typescript # web # extensions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide vishalmysore vishalmysore vishalmysore Follow Jan 12 Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide # angular # javascript # tutorial # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read Ng-News 26/01: Ng-Poland Outtakes - Keynote and Q&A ng-news ng-news ng-news Follow for This is Angular Jan 12 Ng-News 26/01: Ng-Poland Outtakes - Keynote and Q&A # webdev # programming # angular # frontend Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I Built a Manual Resume Review System with Spring Boot & Angular Resumemind Resumemind Resumemind Follow Jan 12 How I Built a Manual Resume Review System with Spring Boot & Angular # showdev # angular # career # springboot Comments Add Comment 3 min read O(1) Country Selection on a 3D Globe with GPU Picking and Hemisphere Detection Emmanuel Emmanuel Emmanuel Follow Jan 11 O(1) Country Selection on a 3D Globe with GPU Picking and Hemisphere Detection # threejs # angular # performance # algorithms Comments Add Comment 11 min read 5 Common Angular Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them David Brooks David Brooks David Brooks Follow Jan 11 5 Common Angular Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them # angular # frontend # webdev # javascript Comments Add Comment 3 min read Angular State Management: Signals vs Simple Properties - Which Should I Use? 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A Deep Dive into CDK Portals # webdev # programming # javascript # angular Comments Add Comment 3 min read How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible # webdev # javascript # angular # beginners Comments Add Comment 12 min read I Built a SaaS Budget Tracker for the Modern User Prashil Wadkar Prashil Wadkar Prashil Wadkar Follow Jan 5 I Built a SaaS Budget Tracker for the Modern User # showdev # angular # saas Comments Add Comment 1 min read Fix Angular Subscription Memory Leaks with One Simple Decorator Sarath Sarath Sarath Follow Jan 5 Fix Angular Subscription Memory Leaks with One Simple Decorator # angular # typescript # rxjs # javascript Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Operator's Manual: Navigating Angular Signals from v17.3 to v21 Leo Lanese Leo Lanese Leo Lanese Follow Jan 4 The Operator's Manual: Navigating Angular Signals from v17.3 to v21 # angular # frontend # javascript Comments Add Comment 10 min read Create Cursor Rules for Angular Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Follow Jan 2 Create Cursor Rules for Angular # ai # angular # cursoride # vibecoding Comments Add Comment 9 min read Anguar Tips #4 Khoa Nguyen Khoa Nguyen Khoa Nguyen Follow Jan 7 Anguar Tips #4 # webdev # programming # angular # typescript Comments Add Comment 2 min read Universal Knowledge Base for AI Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Follow Jan 3 Universal Knowledge Base for AI # ai # angular # claudecode # cursoride Comments Add Comment 8 min read Generating Your First Rules with Cursor for Your Angular Project Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Follow Jan 2 Generating Your First Rules with Cursor for Your Angular Project # ai # angular # cursoride # vibecoding Comments Add Comment 13 min read New frontend MVC Framework - DoDo Saša M Saša M Saša M Follow Jan 2 New frontend MVC Framework - DoDo # frontend # rective # angular # react Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources Testing Angular 21 Components with Vitest: A Complete Guide Building an Angular Compiler using AI with Google Gemini Announcing NgRx 21: Celebrating a 10 Year Journey with a fresh new look and @ngrx/signals/events Angular 20 to 21 Upgrade: The Practical Survival Guide Web Components in Angular - Why Passing Inputs Breaks on Navigation Angular 21 Developer Guide: AI Tools, Signal Forms, ARIA, and Build Optimizations A Quick Vibe Code Experiment with Angular's MCP Server Angular Aria in Angular 21: The Future of Accessible, Headless UI Components Migrating from Jasmine/Karma to Vitest in Angular 21: A Step-by-Step Guide Developer's Complete G... Event-Driven State Management with NgRx Signal Store Angular Authentication with Cookies in 10 minutes Angular 21 is Here: Real Features That Actually Improve Your Daily Workflow Conhecendo as novidades do Angular 21 Real-Time Data Updates with .NET Core and Angular using SignalR How to make Angular Material inputs look like simple fields Angular 21 Released: What’s New & Developer Guide Your Angular App Is Slower Than It Should Be - @defer Fixes That Angular Addicts #44: Angular 21, Signal Forms, Vitest, Chat assistant integration & more Announcing AnalogJS 2.0 ⚡️ Gemini CLI: The Future of Programming and Reflections on the Impacts of AI 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://forem.com/bogaboga1/odoo-core-and-the-cost-of-reinventing-everything-15n1#websocket-implementation | Odoo Core and the Cost of Reinventing Everything - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Boga Posted on Jan 12 Odoo Core and the Cost of Reinventing Everything # python # odoo # qweb # owl Hello, this is my first blog post ever. I’d like to share my experience working with Odoo , an open-source Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, and explain why I believe many of its architectural choices cause unnecessary complexity. Odoo is a single platform that provides many prebuilt modules (mini-applications) that most companies need. For example, almost every company requires a Human Resources system to manage employee details, leaves, attendance, contracts, resignations, and more. Beyond HR, companies also need purchasing, inventory, accounting, authentication, authorization, and other systems. Odoo bundles all of these tightly coupled systems into a single installation. On paper, this sounds great — and from a business perspective, it often is. From a technical perspective , however, things get complicated very quickly. Odoo Core Components Below are the main Odoo components, ranked from least complex to most complex, and all largely developed in-house instead of relying on existing mature frameworks: Odoo HTTP Layer JSON-RPC Website routing Odoo Views XML transformed into Python and JavaScript Odoo ORM Custom inheritance system Query builder Dependency injection Caching layers Cache System Implemented from scratch WebSocket Implementation Very low-level handling Odoo HTTP Layer Odoo is not built on a standard Python web framework like Django or Flask. Instead, it implements its own HTTP framework on top of Werkzeug (a WSGI utility library). This HTTP layer introduces its own abstractions, request lifecycle, routing, and serialization logic, including JSON-RPC and website controllers. While technically impressive, it reinvents many problems that have already been solved — and battle-tested — by existing frameworks. Odoo Views In my opinion, this is one of the most problematic parts of Odoo. Instead of using standard frontend technologies, Odoo relies heavily on XML-based views . These XML files are sent to the browser and then transformed using Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) analysis into JavaScript. In other contexts (like the website), the XML may be converted into Python code and sometimes back into JavaScript again. This creates: High cognitive overhead Difficult debugging Tight coupling between backend and frontend Poor tooling support compared to modern frontend stacks It feels like building a car from raw metal just to drive from point A to point B. Odoo ORM Odoo’s ORM is not a typical ORM. It implements: A custom inheritance system (instead of using Python’s built-in one) Its own dependency injection mechanism A query builder Caching layers (LRU) Model extension via monkey-patching While powerful, this system is extremely complex and hard to reason about. Debugging model behavior often feels like navigating invisible layers of magic. WebSocket Implementation Instead of using a mature real-time framework, Odoo implements its WebSocket handling with very low-level logic, sometimes in surprisingly small and dense files. A single comment from the codebase summarizes this approach better than words ever could: The “Odoo Is Old” Argument A common defense of Odoo’s architecture is that “it’s an old system” — originally developed around 2005 using Python 2. However, this argument no longer holds. Odoo was largely rewritten from scratch around 2017 to support Python 3. At that time, many excellent frameworks already existed and had solved the same problems more cleanly, while continuing to evolve without breaking their ecosystems. Today, even small changes in Odoo’s core can break custom modules unless they are limited to simple CRUD models with minimal dependencies on core behavior. Final Thoughts Odoo is a powerful product and a successful business platform. But from a software engineering perspective, many of its design decisions prioritize control and internal consistency over maintainability, clarity, and developer experience . If you work with Odoo long enough, you stop asking “why does it work this way?” and start asking “how do I survive this upgrade?” Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Boga Follow Senior Software Engineer Joined Jan 12, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot 🧱 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Maximal Rectangle' – LeetCode 85 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/johnstonlogan/react-hooks-barney-style-1hk7#what-is-the-setstate-function | useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Logan Johnston Posted on Sep 1, 2020 • Edited on Sep 9, 2020 useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays # react # hook # codenewbie # beginners The purpose of this article is to break down the use of the useState() React hook in an easy way using strings, objects, and arrays. We will also take a look at how these would be handled in class components. Disclaimer - I would normally create an onChange function separately but I find it easier to understand with an inline function. What is the setState function? The setState function is used to handle the state object in a React class component. This is something you will see a lot of in the examples below. Anytime you see a this.setState() this is how we are setting the state in a class component. What is a hook in React? React hooks were introduced in React v16.8. They allow you to use state and other React features without the need to create a class. Examples: Class component Functional component While these two code snippets look similar they do have slight differences in syntax, lifecycle methods, and state management. setState() vs useState() - Strings. setState() Class Component Using state in a class component requires the building of a state object. This state object is then modified by calling this.setState("new state"). In this example, we've created a state = { value: '' } object which has a value key and that key is initialized as an empty string. We've assigned an onChange event to the input so that every time we add or remove a character to the input we are calling the this.setState() . Here we areupdating the state using the value of the input ( e.target.value ) and setting it to the components state. useState() Functional Component With a functional component, we can use React hooks, specifically the useState() hook. This simplifies the creation of a state component and the function that updates it. We import {useState} from React and we are able to simply create a state and a function to set that state (state: value , setState: setValue ). The initial state of this component is set when calling useState , in this example, we are setting it to an empty string ( useState("") ). The only difference between the functional component and the class component at this point is instead of calling this.setState we use the function we created in the useState , in this case, setValue . setState() vs useState() - Objects. setState() Class Component Since state in a class component is already an object, it's business as usual. Use setState to populate the values of the state object. With the example above the users userName and email is stored in the state similar to the string version we talked about above. useState() Functional Component When we want to use the useState hook for an object we are going to initialize it to an empty object useState({}) . In this example, we are using the same setValue that we did in the string example but we've added a few things to our setValue function. First, we use the spread syntax to expand the current value before we add a new key-value pair. Second, we dynamically set the key using [e.target.name] , in this case, we are creating the key using the input's "name" attribute. Lastly, we are setting that key's value to the e.target.value . So after using the inputs we have an object with two keys {userName: "", email: ""} and their values. Creating an object could also be accomplished using multiple useState hooks and then bundling them into an object later if needed. See the example below. Note: I have my own preference for how to deal with objects while using hooks, and as you get more familiar you may find you enjoy either the class or functional component more than the other. setState() vs useState() - Arrays. Using arrays in stateful components can be extremely powerful, especially when creating things like a todo list. In these examples, we will be creating a very simple todo list. setState() Class Component When using an array in a stateful class component we need at least two keys in our state object. One would be the array itself todoArr: [] and the other would be the value that we are going to be pushing into the array todo: "" . In this example, we use the onChange attribute for our input to set the todo in our state object. We then have our Add Item button which when clicked will call our addItem function. In the addItem function we are going to create a list variable which is is an array that spreads the current todoArr and then adds the new todo item to the end of it. After creating the list array we use the setState function to replace the current todoArr with the new one and then set the todo back to an empty string to clear the input. Lastly at the bottom, we map through the current todoArr . The setState function will cause the component to rerender so every time you add an item it is immediately rendered onto the page. useState() Functional Component Dealing with the hooks in a function component seems extremely similar to the class component. We use the setTodo function to set our todo value in the onChange attribute of our input. We then have the same addItem function attached to the click of our Add Item button. The only difference we see here is that we don't create a list variable to pass into the hook. We could have avoided this in the class component but I think the readability when using the variable is much better. With the hook, I don't think the use of creating the list array beforehand is needed. We can spread the current array, add the new item, and then set the current todo back to an empty string so we can clear the input. Conclusion While using functional components with hooks is the new hotness, the state management is still very similar to the class components. If you're looking to start using function components with hooks over class components hopefully this post has helped you understand a little bit more about how to implement them. Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand forthebest forthebest forthebest Follow Joined Dec 26, 2020 • Feb 11 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thanks Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand kevhines kevhines kevhines Follow A programmer first, then ran a comedy school for the UCB theater, now a programmer again. Location Maplewood, NJ Joined Jan 15, 2021 • Jan 18 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide very clear! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Logan Johnston Follow Full Stack Developer - React - Nodejs - Postgresql | USN Veteran | Web Design and Development Student Location San Diego, CA Joined Jun 29, 2020 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey # react # programming # webdev # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/help/fun-stuff#Music-Monday | Fun Stuff - DEV Help - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Fun Stuff Fun Stuff In this article Sloan: The DEV Mascot Caption This!, Meme Monday & More! Caption This! Meme Monday Music Monday Explore for extra enjoyment! Sloan: The DEV Mascot Why is Sloan the Sloth the official DEV Moderator, you ask? Sloths might not seem like your typical software development assistant, but Sloan defies expectations! Here's why: Moderates and Posts Content: Sloan actively moderates and posts content on DEV, ensuring a vibrant and welcoming community. Welcomes New Members: Sloan greets and welcomes new members to the DEV community in our Weekly Welcome thread, fostering a sense of belonging. Answers Your Questions: Have a question you'd like to ask anonymously? Sloan's got you covered! Submit your question to Sloan's Inbox, and they'll post it on your behalf. Visit Sloan's Inbox Follow Sloan! Caption This!, Meme Monday & More! Caption This! Every week, we host a "Caption This" challenge! We share a mysterious picture without context, and it's your chance to work your captioning magic and bring it to life. Unleash your creativity and craft the perfect caption for these quirky images! Meme Monday Meme Monday is our weekly thread where you can join in the laughter by sharing your favorite developer memes. Each week, we select the best one to kick off the next week as the post image, sparking another round of fun and creativity. Music Monday Share what music you're listening to each week on the Music Monday thread , - check back each week for different themes and discover weird and wonderful bands and artists shared by the community! 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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https://dev.to/help/customizing-your-feed#Follow-Tags | Customizing Your Feed - DEV Help - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Customizing Your Feed Customizing Your Feed In this article The "Feed" Tags Follow Tags Hide Tags Users Follow Users Block Users Your Reading List Common Questions What about my post's Google ranking? Tailor your reading experience on DEV to suit your preferences. The "Feed" The home page is tailored to each individual DEV member based on what they're following. Every now and then, the DEV Team may "pin" a post to the homepage if it's an announcement that is relevant to all folks, but these are generally posts from the DEV Team. Your feed is where you'll discover a diverse range of articles published by developers worldwide. You can filter the content displayed on your feed based on the type of articles you want to read. Currently, we offer three feed sort options: Relevant, Latest, and Top. Follow tags and users to customize your feed and discover content tailored to your interests. Utilize Subscription Options: With subscription indicators, you can subscribe to new articles from users or organizations you follow, as well as through any of your existing comment subscriptions. Easily manage your subscriptions and unsubscribe from any article or thread that's becoming too popular. With these features, you'll never miss out on an interesting discussion happening on DEV. Stay informed and engaged with the latest comments and articles tailored to your interests. Tags Follow Tags Tags are unique keywords attached to posts to categorize related articles under specific and defined groups. They cover a wide range of topics and feature thousands of posts, from coding tutorials to career advice, catering to both beginners and experienced developers. Following tags on DEV means subscribing to updates and content related to specific topics of interest. By following a tag, you'll see relevant posts in your feed or notifications, enabling you to stay informed, personalize your experience, and connect with others who share similar interests within the community. Hide Tags Just as you can follow tags, you can also hide them. Articles with hidden tags will no longer appear in your Relevant feed, providing you with a more tailored browsing experience. Hiding tags gives you greater control over your feed. Just follow these steps: Tags Page: Visit the tags page and use the search feature to find and hide specific tags. Dashboard: Navigate to the "Following tags" section on your dashboard. Press the three dots to access the hide option and conceal tags from your feed. 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To access these articles, simply navigate to your profile icon, click on "Reading List," and you'll find all your saved posts there." Common Questions What about my post's Google ranking? You can set the canonical_url of your post before publishing so that Google knows where to send the link juice (that precious, precious link juice). 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/nhattrada123/boost-e-commerce-engagement-with-ai-product-recommendations-using-evoka-ai-oma | Boost E-Commerce Engagement with AI Product Recommendations using Evoka AI - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Madlife David Posted on Dec 30, 2025 Boost E-Commerce Engagement with AI Product Recommendations using Evoka AI # webdev # ai # programming # news Building AI-Driven Product Recommendations for E-Commerce with Evoka AI Modern e-commerce platforms increasingly rely on intelligent recommendation systems to drive engagement, conversion, and retention. While traditional recommender systems often require complex data pipelines and ML infrastructure, conversational AI provides a more lightweight and adaptive alternative. This article explores a technical approach to AI product recommendations using Evoka AI , inspired by the questionnaire-based recommendation pattern described in “AI Product Recommendations for E-Commerce” by Athanasios Spachos. Docs: https://docs.evoka.vn/ Website: https://evoka.vn/vi Problem Statement Standard e-commerce recommendation systems face several challenges: Cold-start problem for new users Heavy dependency on historical interaction data High implementation complexity (ML pipelines, feature stores, model training) Limited explainability for end users A conversational, intent-driven approach can mitigate these issues by explicitly collecting user preferences in real time . Conversational Recommendation as an Alternative Instead of inferring intent purely from clicks and browsing history, conversational AI introduces: Explicit intent extraction Dynamic preference collection Context-aware follow-up questions This mirrors a human sales assistant , but implemented programmatically through NLP and LLM-based reasoning. The original DEV.to article demonstrates this using a questionnaire and AI inference. Evoka AI generalizes this pattern into a production-ready AI assistant platform . Evoka AI Architecture Overview At a high level, Evoka AI operates as a knowledge-augmented conversational system : User Input ↓ Natural Language Understanding (NLU) ↓ Context & Intent Resolution ↓ Knowledge Base Retrieval ↓ LLM Reasoning Layer ↓ Structured Recommendation Response Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Key architectural components: NLU Layer : Extracts intent, entities, constraints (budget, category, features) Knowledge Base : Product specs, pricing, FAQs, business rules Reasoning Engine : Matches user constraints with available product knowledge Response Generator : Produces human-readable, explainable recommendations Recommendation Data Flow A typical recommendation flow using Evoka AI looks like this: 1. User visits product or landing page 2. Evoka AI widget initializes context 3. AI asks targeted clarification questions 4. User provides structured or free-text answers 5. Evoka AI performs constraint matching 6. AI returns ranked product suggestions Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This flow works well even without historical user data , making it ideal for: New visitors Low-traffic product pages Niche or high-consideration products Knowledge-Driven Recommendations Unlike collaborative filtering, Evoka AI relies heavily on knowledge-driven reasoning : Product attributes (features, compatibility, limitations) Business logic (availability, region, pricing tiers) Domain-specific constraints (e.g. compliance, usage scenarios) This allows recommendations to be: Deterministic when needed Explainable (“This product fits because…”) Easy to update by modifying documents rather than retraining models Knowledge sources are configured via: https://docs.evoka.vn/ Integration & Deployment From an engineering perspective, Evoka AI minimizes integration overhead: No custom ML infrastructure required No model training or fine-tuning pipeline Simple widget or iframe embedding Scales automatically with traffic Typical setup steps: Upload product documentation and structured data Define conversational entry points Embed Evoka AI into the frontend Monitor interaction logs and optimize prompts Technical Advantages Using Evoka AI for product recommendations provides: ✅ Reduced system complexity ✅ Faster time-to-market ✅ Strong cold-start performance ✅ Explainable AI behavior ✅ Lower operational overhead This makes Evoka AI particularly suitable for SMEs, SaaS platforms, and rapidly evolving product catalogs . Conclusion AI-driven product recommendations do not necessarily require heavy ML stacks or months of data collection. By combining conversational interfaces , knowledge-based reasoning , and LLM-powered inference , Evoka AI enables a pragmatic and scalable approach to personalized recommendations. For teams looking to implement intelligent recommendations with minimal infrastructure cost, Evoka AI offers a compelling architecture . References & Resources Evoka AI Docs: https://docs.evoka.vn/ Evoka Website: https://evoka.vn/vi Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Madlife David Follow Joined Dec 30, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot Why “AI tools” fail: no workflow, no outcome # webdev # ai # beginners # devops Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://core.forem.com/privacy#10-childrens-information | Privacy Policy - Forem Core Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Core Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core — Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/rgbos/beyond-the-chatbot-the-ai-tools-defining-2026-3jdc | Beyond the Chatbot: The AI Tools Defining 2026 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Rashi Posted on Dec 24, 2025 Beyond the Chatbot: The AI Tools Defining 2026 # agents # ai # llm If 2024 was the year of the " hype cycle " and 2025 was the year of " corporate integratio n," 2026 is officially the year of Agentic AI. We’ve moved past the novelty of asking a chatbot to write a poem. The tools making waves today don't just talk—they do. They plan, they collaborate, and they operate across your entire tech stack with a level of autonomy that would have felt like science fiction just twenty-four months ago. Here are the tools and platforms that are actually moving the needle in 2026. 1. The "Agentic" Heavyweights: Llama 4 & Claude 5 The biggest shift this year is the transition from Answer Engines to Action Engines. Llama 4 (Meta): Mark Zuckerberg’s big bet on open source has finally hit its stride. Unlike its predecessors, Llama 4 is designed with native agency. It doesn't just suggest code; it can be given a GitHub repository and told to "fix all high-priority security vulnerabilities," navigating the file structure and running its own tests autonomously. Claude 5 (Anthropic): While others focused on speed, Anthropic doubled down on Reasoning Depth. Claude 5 has become the gold standard for "Long-Think" tasks—complex legal analysis, medical research, and multi-step strategic planning where hallucinations aren't just annoying, they're catastrophic. 2. The Creative Suite: Sora & Mango The "uncanny valley" of AI video is officially a thing of the past. OpenAI Sora: After its gradual rollout, Sora is now the backbone of the marketing world. A three-person creative team can now produce a cinematic-quality global campaign in days rather than months. Meta Mango: Meta’s direct answer to Sora has gained massive traction due to its integration with the Meta hardware ecosystem (Ray-Ban smart glasses). It allows creators to take a "POV" snippet and instantly expand it into a fully produced, high-fidelity 4K video. Note: Representative of early Sora capabilities leading into 2026 standards. 3. The "Silent" Productivity Stack The most successful AI tools in 2026 are the ones you barely notice. They’ve become "ambient." Zapier AI Agents Forget "if this, then that." Zapier’s new agents observe your workflow for a day and then offer to automate the entire process. They don’t just move data; they understand it—sorting customer complaints from general inquiries and drafting personalized responses based on your brand’s past success. ElevenLabs (Voice 2.0) We’ve reached the point where AI narration is indistinguishable from a studio recording. Companies are now using ElevenLabs to create Dynamic Brand Voices that can narrate personalized video tutorials for every single customer, in their native language, in real-time. Fireflies.ai / Otter.ai These aren't just transcription tools anymore. They now act as "Meeting Memory." Instead of reading a transcript, you ask: "Did anyone actually commit to the budget increase?" The AI provides the timestamped clip along with a sentiment analysis of the room's reaction. The 2026 Trend: "Sovereign AI" A major theme this year is the move away from the "Big Cloud." With the rise of local compute (thanks to the NPU revolution in laptops and phones), more users are running models like Llama 4 (8B) or Mistral directly on their devices. This isn't just about speed; it's about Privacy. In 2026, the best AI tool is the one that knows everything about your data without ever sending a single byte of it to a corporate server. What’s Next? The "AI-first" workflow is no longer an experiment—it’s the baseline. Whether you’re a developer using Cursor to build apps in hours or a marketer using Jasper to maintain a 24/7 personalized content stream, the barrier to entry has never been lower. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Rashi Follow Software engineer specializing in scalable, user-focused applications. Skilled in full-stack development and cloud technologies, with a passion for elegant, efficient solutions. Joined Sep 13, 2025 More from Rashi The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini # ai # chatgpt # gemini # productivity The Danger of Letting AI Think for You # ai # discuss # productivity The Next Shift in Development: From Coding to AI Orchestration # ai # career # softwaredevelopment 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . 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https://dev.to/help/customizing-your-feed#Common-Questions | Customizing Your Feed - DEV Help - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Customizing Your Feed Customizing Your Feed In this article The "Feed" Tags Follow Tags Hide Tags Users Follow Users Block Users Your Reading List Common Questions What about my post's Google ranking? Tailor your reading experience on DEV to suit your preferences. The "Feed" The home page is tailored to each individual DEV member based on what they're following. Every now and then, the DEV Team may "pin" a post to the homepage if it's an announcement that is relevant to all folks, but these are generally posts from the DEV Team. Your feed is where you'll discover a diverse range of articles published by developers worldwide. You can filter the content displayed on your feed based on the type of articles you want to read. Currently, we offer three feed sort options: Relevant, Latest, and Top. Follow tags and users to customize your feed and discover content tailored to your interests. Utilize Subscription Options: With subscription indicators, you can subscribe to new articles from users or organizations you follow, as well as through any of your existing comment subscriptions. Easily manage your subscriptions and unsubscribe from any article or thread that's becoming too popular. With these features, you'll never miss out on an interesting discussion happening on DEV. Stay informed and engaged with the latest comments and articles tailored to your interests. Tags Follow Tags Tags are unique keywords attached to posts to categorize related articles under specific and defined groups. They cover a wide range of topics and feature thousands of posts, from coding tutorials to career advice, catering to both beginners and experienced developers. Following tags on DEV means subscribing to updates and content related to specific topics of interest. By following a tag, you'll see relevant posts in your feed or notifications, enabling you to stay informed, personalize your experience, and connect with others who share similar interests within the community. Hide Tags Just as you can follow tags, you can also hide them. Articles with hidden tags will no longer appear in your Relevant feed, providing you with a more tailored browsing experience. Hiding tags gives you greater control over your feed. Just follow these steps: Tags Page: Visit the tags page and use the search feature to find and hide specific tags. Dashboard: Navigate to the "Following tags" section on your dashboard. Press the three dots to access the hide option and conceal tags from your feed. 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To access these articles, simply navigate to your profile icon, click on "Reading List," and you'll find all your saved posts there." Common Questions What about my post's Google ranking? You can set the canonical_url of your post before publishing so that Google knows where to send the link juice (that precious, precious link juice). 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/james_scott_bf1d5c8cfcaa0/issue-with-odoo-multi-company-setup-access-rights-not-working-jii | Issue with Odoo Multi-Company Setup: Access Rights Not Working - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse James Scott Posted on Mar 8, 2025 Issue with Odoo Multi-Company Setup: Access Rights Not Working # odoo # multicompany # accessrights # odoo14 Question I’m implementing Odoo for a multi-company setup, but users can still access records from other companies even when restricted. How can I fix this? Problem Despite setting access rights correctly, users from Company A can view data from Company B, violating company-based record rules. Solution Ensure Record Rules are correctly set up in ir.rule . Activate Multi-Company Mode under Settings > Users & Companies Multi-Companies . Assign Company-Specific Access Rights in res.users . If using custom modules, enforce domain filtering in methods handling record fetching. Example Fix python class CustomModel(models.Model): _inherit = "some.model" def _default_company(self): return self.env.user.company_id company_id = fields.Many2one('res.company', default=_default_company) @api.model def create(self, vals): if 'company_id' not in vals: vals['company_id'] = self.env.user.company_id.id return super(CustomModel, self).create(vals) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Build secure, scalable, and feature-rich platforms tailored to your business needs. From custom module development to multi-company management, get end-to-end solutions for your Odoo implementation project. Let’s streamline your business operations and drive efficiency with Odoo Implementation Services . 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https://dev.to/inboryn_99399f96579fcd705/kubernetes-135-security-7-game-changing-features-released-today-devsecops-must-know-29a2#comments | Kubernetes 1.35 Security: 7 Game-Changing Features Released Today (DevSecOps Must-Know) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse inboryn Posted on Dec 17, 2025 Kubernetes 1.35 Security: 7 Game-Changing Features Released Today (DevSecOps Must-Know) # kubernetes # devops # security # news Kubernetes v1.35 just dropped today—December 17, 2025—and if you're running production workloads, you need to pay attention. This release isn't just another incremental update; it's packed with security features that fundamentally change how we think about workload isolation, authentication, and defense-in-depth strategies. From user namespaces reaching beta-by-default to mTLS pod certificates and hardened image pull verification, Kubernetes 1.35 delivers the security primitives that DevSecOps teams have been requesting for years. Let's break down what actually matters. Why Kubernetes 1.35 Security Matters Now The security landscape has shifted dramatically. Multi-tenant clusters, zero-trust architectures, and supply chain attacks have forced Kubernetes to evolve beyond basic RBAC and network policies. Version 1.35 addresses the gaps that have been exploited in real-world breaches: Container escapes via shared user namespaces Unauthorized image reuse from cached layers Weak workload-to-workload authentication Impersonation attacks on kubelet serving certificates These aren't theoretical vulnerabilities—they're actively being targeted. Kubernetes 1.35's security features provide the mitigations that production teams need immediately. The 7 Critical Security Features in Kubernetes 1.35 User Namespaces: Beta-by-Default Isolation User namespaces (KEP-127) have reached beta and are now enabled by default in Kubernetes 1.35. This is massive for multi-tenant environments. What it does: Maps container UID 0 (root) to an unprivileged UID on the host. If a container process escapes, it has no host privileges. Why it matters: Container escape vulnerabilities (CVE-2024-21626, runC exploits) become significantly harder to exploit. Your "root" inside the container is nobody on the host. Implementation: Set hostUsers: false in your PodSpec. That's it. But test thoroughly—some storage drivers and host path mounts don't play well with user namespaces yet. mTLS Pod Certificates (Beta) Pod certificates (KEP-4317) provide first-class mTLS support between pods and the API server. No more manual certificate management or external PKI complexity. Why it's critical: Service mesh adoption has been slow partly due to certificate complexity. Built-in pod certificates make zero-trust networking significantly easier to implement. Robust Image Pull Authorization (Beta) KEP-2535 introduces imagePullCredentialsVerificationPolicy, forcing kubelet to re-verify registry credentials even for cached images. The vulnerability: Previously, if an image was cached on a node, any pod could use it—even without pull credentials. This closes that massive supply chain risk. Hardened Kubelet Certificate Validation (Alpha) KEP-4872 adds API server validation that kubelet serving certificate CN matches system:node:, preventing node impersonation MitM attacks. Constrained Impersonation (Alpha) KEP-5284 tightens impersonation so users can't perform actions they themselves aren't authorized for—even when impersonating another user. Impact: Prevents privilege escalation via debug/proxy workflows where admins impersonate service accounts with excessive permissions. User Namespaces for HostNetwork Pods (Alpha) KEP-5607 allows hostNetwork: true pods to keep hostUsers: false. This means workloads can access the host network stack without gaining host user privileges. Use case: CNI plugins, monitoring agents, and networking tools that need host network access but shouldn't run with host root. CSI ServiceAccount Tokens via Secrets (Alpha) KEP-5538 moves CSI driver ServiceAccount tokens from volumeContext into a dedicated secrets field, separating sensitive credentials from non-sensitive metadata and reducing accidental leakage risks. What DevSecOps Teams Should Do Now Don't wait for the next quarterly upgrade cycle. Here's your action plan: Test user namespaces in staging immediately: Set hostUsers: false on a subset of pods and monitor for storage/permission issues. Enable robust image pull authorization: Add imagePullCredentialsVerificationPolicy to your kubelet config. This might break cached image workflows—test first. Audit your impersonation RBAC: Check who has impersonate verbs. With constrained impersonation coming, over-privileged debug workflows need to be fixed. Evaluate mTLS pod certificates for service mesh migration: If you've been delaying service mesh adoption due to certificate complexity, KEP-4317 removes that blocker. Review your alpha feature adoption policy: Several game-changing features (kubelet certificate validation, constrained impersonation) are alpha. Decide if your risk tolerance allows early testing. FAQ: Kubernetes 1.35 Security Q: Should I enable all 7 security features immediately in production? A: No. User namespaces (beta) and mTLS pod certificates (beta) are the safest bets for immediate production use. Alpha features (kubelet validation, constrained impersonation) should stay in staging until they reach beta. Q: Do user namespaces work with all storage drivers? A: Not yet. Some CSI drivers and hostPath mounts have issues. Test thoroughly before rolling out. Q: Will robust image pull authorization break my CI/CD pipelines? A: Potentially, if your pipelines rely on cached images without proper registry credentials. This is actually a security bug you should fix. Q: When will these alpha features reach stable? A: Based on historical timelines, expect alpha → beta in Kubernetes 1.36/1.37 (mid-2026), and beta → stable in late 2026 or early 2027. The Bottom Line Kubernetes 1.35 isn't just another version bump—it's a security watershed moment. User namespaces reaching beta, mTLS pod certificates, and robust image pull authorization address real-world attack vectors that have plagued production clusters for years. The message is clear: Kubernetes security is maturing beyond basic RBAC and network policies. Defense-in-depth is becoming native, not bolted-on. DevSecOps teams have two choices: start testing these features in staging today, or explain to your CISO in six months why your cluster's security posture is falling behind industry standards. The tooling is here. The vulnerabilities are known. The only question is whether you'll adopt these hardening measures proactively or reactively after an incident. Upgrade. Test. Harden. Repeat. Ready to implement Kubernetes 1.35 security features in your production environment? Start by auditing your current security posture and identifying which features provide the highest risk reduction for your specific threat model. Security isn't a checkbox—it's a continuous evolution. Follow for more Kubernetes security insights, DevOps best practices, and cloud infrastructure deep-dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse inboryn Follow Joined Nov 30, 2025 More from inboryn How I Reduced Docker Images from 1.2GB to 180MB # webdev # devops # docker How I Debug Kubernetes Pods in Production (Without Breaking Things) # kubernetes # devops # docker Why Your Terraform Modules Are Technical Debt (And What to Do About It) # terraform # devops # architecture # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/malaquiasdev/quarkus-testing-quarkustest-vs-quarkusintegrationtest-4ihh | Quarkus Testing: @QuarkusTest vs @QuarkusIntegrationTest - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mateus Malaquias Posted on Dec 15, 2025 Quarkus Testing: @QuarkusTest vs @QuarkusIntegrationTest # quarkus # java # testing # kotlin TL;DR Here is the cheat sheet: Feature @QuarkusTest @QuarkusIntegrationTest Process Same process (Shared JVM) External process (Separate JVM/Native) @Inject Beans ✅ Yes (Full Access) ❌ No (Black Box) Mocking ✅ Yes ( @InjectMock ) ❌ No (Network only) Artifact Run against compiled classes Run against .jar , Docker or Native Binary Speed Faster (Dev Loop) Slower (Builds artifact first) Use @QuarkusTest for 90% of your tests (logic, service layer, mocking). Use @QuarkusIntegrationTest to verify the final artifact (especially Native Image builds). The Confusion We have all been there. You write a beautiful test using @QuarkusTest . You inject your repository, maybe mock an external service, and assert that your Service returns the correct DTO. Green lights everywhere. Then, you decide to be a "good citizen" and ensure your app works as a native binary. You copy-paste the test class, rename it to MyResourceIT , and swap the annotation to @QuarkusIntegrationTest . Boom. Exception. // This throws an error in @QuarkusIntegrationTest @Inject MyRepository repository ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Suddenly, your repository is null, or the test won't even start. You stare at the screen, wondering why Quarkus hates you. The problem isn't Quarkus. The problem is that despite looking similar, these two annotations work in completely different dimensions. Under the Hood: The Process Boundary The main difference—and the only one you really need to care about—is the Process Boundary . 1. @QuarkusTest (White-Box) When you run this, Quarkus boots up inside the same process as your test. Think of it like being inside the house. You are in the living room (the Test), and the application is in the kitchen. You can walk into the kitchen and change the ingredients (Mocking). You can grab food directly from the fridge ( @Inject Beans). Even when you use RestAssured to call an endpoint, the application is technically making a request to itself. It sounds weird, but it's legal. 2. @QuarkusIntegrationTest (Black-Box) This is where things change. This annotation tells Quarkus: "Build the artifact (Jar or Native), spin it up in a separate process, and let me talk to it." . Now, you are locked out of the house . You are standing on the sidewalk. You cannot walk into the kitchen to mock things. You cannot reach into the fridge ( @Inject is impossible because the beans are in a different JVM process!). You can only shout through the window (HTTP Requests via RestAssured). This runs against the packaged form of the app. If you are testing a Native Image, the test runner starts the binary executable. You can't inject a Java Bean into a compiled binary running in a separate shell context. When to use which? Prefer @QuarkusTest when: You are doing TDD or the daily dev loop. You need to mock external dependencies (like a Payment Gateway or specific DB state). You need to verify internal logic that isn't exposed via the API. You want speed. Prefer @QuarkusIntegrationTest when: You need to verify the final build artifact . Native Mode: This is crucial. Reflection behaves differently in Native images. Things that work in JVM might crash in Native. This test catches those issues. You want to test the application in a containerized environment (Docker/Podman). You want a true "Black Box" test where you strictly test public API contracts. Wrapping up Don't try to force @Inject into your Integration Tests. It won't work. If you find yourself needing to inspect the database state during an Integration Test, you have two options: Use a separate library to connect to the DB directly (bypassing the app's internal beans). Expose a specific "test-only" endpoint in your app to retrieve the data (but please, don't do this in production). Resources Quarkus Guides: Testing Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mateus Malaquias Follow Software Engineer, animal lover, technology enthusiast (Nodejs, Kotlin, Spring Boot, Kubernetes and AWS), a fan of Nintendo and Pixar studios. Location São Paulo, Brazil Joined Jun 12, 2019 More from Mateus Malaquias [Quick Fix] Hibernate: object references an unsaved transient instance # java # hibernate # springboot # quarkus How to solve error parsing HTTP request header in Spring Boot # java # kotlin # spring # springboot When I prefer use when then if-else in Kotlin # kotlin # programming # cleancode 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/colin_lee_0efbc2899420fa5/how-to-create-an-impressive-github-profile-readme-in-2026-1ifn | Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Colin Lee Posted on Jan 10 Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile # github # tooling # tutorial # githunt Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile In the world of GitHub Profile READMEs, developers often end up collecting a fragmented array of tools to showcase their coding achievements. You might be using github-readme-stats for basic stats, github-readme-streak-stats for your commit streaks, and skill-icons to display your tech stack. Eventually, your profile README becomes a lot of links. That's why we built GitHubCard . It's not just another stats tool; it's the first true All-in-One tool for GitHub users. What Tools Can GitHubCard Replace? GitHubCard aims to consolidate the best features of the most popular GitHub Profile tools into a single, seamless experience. Here is a list of mainstream tools that GitHubCard can effectively replace: 1. Base Stats & Card Generators This category covers almost all github readme stats profile maker/generator that you may used before: github-readme-stats github-profile-readme-maker github-profile-summary-cards github-trends github-profile-readme-generator (rahuldkjain) github-profile-readme-generator (arturssmirnovs) github-cards github-stats profile-readme-cards Other similar tools 2. GitHub Actions Someone also config complex GitHub Actions for github profile readme: GitHub Actions (actions-js/profile-readme) Other similar tools 3. Coding Time Tracking This category covers tools that track your coding time and display it in your profile README: waka-readme waka-readme-stats Other similar tools 4. Streak Tracking This category covers tools that track your commit streaks and display them in your profile README: github-readme-streak-stats Other similar tools 5. Activity Graphs This category covers tools that display your activity graphs in your profile README: github-readme-activity-graph Other similar tools 6. Skill Icons This category covers tools that display your tech stack and skills in your profile README: skill-icons Other similar tools 7. Repository Star History Finally you may also use those tools to display your repository star history in your profile README: star-history Other similar tools Why Choose an All-in-One Solution? Canvas-Level Freedom This is the biggest difference between GitHubCard and everything else. We aren't giving you a "template"; we're giving you an "editor." You decide the exact position, size, and layering of every component. You can even add custom text to tell the story behind your code. Unified Visual Language When you reference SVGs from five different repositories, the border-radii, fonts, and color depths never quite match. In GitHubCard, you can apply a single theme to all components with one click, giving your profile a professional, cohesive look. Zero Configuration & Zero Maintenance Many tools require setting up complex GitHub Actions or cron jobs. GitHubCard uses a high-performance edge computing architecture—your data updates automatically without you ever writing a single line of YAML. Conclusion Your GitHub Profile should be your personal portfolio, not a testing ground for various open-source scripts. If you’re tired of managing a long list of Markdown links, it’s time to delete them all and replace them with a single, elegant, and fully customizable GitHubCard. Try it now: GitHubCard.com Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Colin Lee Colin Lee Colin Lee Follow Creator, Founder Joined Jan 10, 2026 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide See the profile card from githubcard just a link: githubcard.com/torvalds.svg?d=GK2z... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Colin Lee Follow Creator, Founder Joined Jan 10, 2026 More from Colin Lee How to Create a GitHub Profile README in 2026 # github # tooling # tutorial # product 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/eachampagne/websockets-with-socketio-5edp#colorsocket | Websockets with Socket.IO - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse eachampagne Posted on Jan 12 Websockets with Socket.IO # javascript # node # webdev # networking This post contains a flashing gif. HTTP requests have taken me pretty far, but I’m starting to run into their limits. How do I tell a client that the server updated at midnight, and it needs to fetch the newest data? How do I notify one user when another user makes a post? In short, how do I get information to the client without it initiating the request? Websockets One possible solution is to use websockets , which establish a persistent connection between the client and server. This will allow us to send data to the client when we want to, without waiting for the client’s next request. Websockets have their own protocol (though the connection is initiated with HTTP requests) and are language-agnostic. We could, if we wanted, implement a websocket client and its corresponding server from scratch or with Deno … or we could use one of the libraries that’s already done the hard work for us. I’ve used Socket.IO in a previous project, so we’ll go with that. I enjoyed working with it before, and it even has the advantage of a fallback in case the websocket fails. Colorsocket For immediate visual feedback, we’ll make a small demo where any one client can affect the colors displayed on all. Each client on the /color endpoint has a slider to control one primary color, plus a button to invert all the other /color clients. (The server assigns a color in order to each client when the client connects, so you just have to refresh a few times until you get all three colors. I did make sure duplicate colors would work in sync, however.) The /admin user can turn primary colors on or off. Here’s the app in action: The clients aren’t all constantly making requests to the server. How do they know to update? Establishing Connections When each client runs its <script> , it creates a new socket, which opens a connection to the server. // color.html const socket = io ( ' /color ' ); // we’ll come back to the argument Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The script then assigns handlers on the new socket for the various events we expect to receive from the server: // color.html socket . on ( ' assign-color ' , ( color , colorSettings , activeSettings ) => { document . getElementById ( ' color-name ' ). innerText = color ; controllingColor = color ; currentBackground = colorSettings ; active = activeSettings ; colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ controllingColor ]; document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; colorSlider . value = colorSettings [ controllingColor ]; updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' set-color ' , ( color , value ) => { currentBackground [ color ] = value ; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . value = value ; } updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { inverted = ! inverted ; document . getElementById ( ' inverted ' ). innerText = inverted ? '' : ' not ' ; updateBackground (); }); socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , ( color ) => { active [ color ] = ! active [ color ]; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ color ]; } document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; updateBackground (); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, the server detects the new connection. It assigns the client a color, sends that color and current state of the application to the client, and sets up its own handlers for events received through the socket: // index.js colorNamespace . on ( ' connection ' , ( socket ) => { const color = colors [ colorCount % 3 ]; // pick the next color in the list, then loop colorCount ++ ; socket . emit ( ' assign-color ' , color , colorSettings , activeSettings ); // synchronize the client with the application state socket . data . color = color ; // you can save information to a socket’s data key, but I didn’t end up using this for anything socket . on ( ' set-color ' , ( color , value ) => { colorSettings [ color ] = value ; colorNamespace . emit ( ' set-color ' , color , value ); }); socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { socket . broadcast . emit ( ' invert ' ); }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The /admin page follows similar setup. Sending Information to the Client Let’s follow how user interaction on one page changes all the others. When a user on the blue page moves the slider, the slider emits a change event, which is caught by the slider’s event listener: // color.html colorSlider . addEventListener ( ' change ' , ( event ) => { socket . emit ( ' set-color ' , controllingColor , event . target . value ); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That event listener emits a new set-color event with the color and new value. The server receives the client’s set-color , then emits its own to transmit that data to all clients. Each client receives the message and updates its blue value accordingly. Broadcasting to Other Sockets But clicking the “Invert others” button affects the other /color users, but not the user who actually clicked the button! The key here is the broadcast flag when the server receives and retransmits the invert message: // server.js socket . on ( ' invert ' , () => { socket . broadcast . emit ( ' invert ' ); // broadcast }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This flag means that that the server will send the event to every socket except the one it’s called on. Here this is just a neat trick, but in practice, it might be useful to avoid sending a post to the user who originally wrote it, because their client already has that information. Namespaces You may have noticed that the admin tab isn’t changing color with the other three. For simplicity, I didn’t set up any handlers for the admin page. But even if I had, they wouldn’t do anything, because the admin socket isn’t receiving those events at all. This is because the admin tab is in a different namespace . // color.html const socket = io ( ' /color ' ); // ======================= // admin.html const socket = io ( ' /admin ' ); // ======================= // index.js const colorNamespace = io . of ( ' /color ' ); const adminNamespace = io . of ( ' /admin ' ); … colorNamespace . emit ( ' set-color ' , color , value ); // the admin page doesn’t receive this event Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode (For clarity, I gave my two namespaces the same names as the two endpoints the pages are located at, but I didn’t have to. The namespaces could have had arbitrary names with no change in functionality, as long as the client matched the server.) Namespaces provide a convenient way to target a subset of sockets. However, namespaces can communicate with each other: // admin.html const toggleFunction = ( color ) => { socket . emit ( ' toggle-active ' , color ); }; // ======================= // index.js // clicking the buttons on the admin page triggers changes on the color pages adminNamespace . on ( ' connection ' , ( socket ) => { socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , color => { activeSettings [ color ] = ! activeSettings [ color ]; colorNamespace . emit ( ' toggle-active ' , color ); }); }); // ======================= // color.html socket . on ( ' toggle-active ' , ( color ) => { active [ color ] = ! active [ color ]; if ( controllingColor === color ) { colorSlider . disabled = ! active [ color ]; } document . getElementById ( ' active ' ). innerText = active [ controllingColor ] ? ' active ' : ' inactive ' ; updateBackground (); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In all of the examples, events were caused by some interaction on one of the clients. An event was emitted to the server, and a second message was emitted by the server to the appropriate clients. However, this is only a small sample of the possibilities. For example, a server could use websockets to update all clients on a regular cycle, or get information from some API and pass it on. This demo is only a small showcase of what I’ve been learning and hope to keep applying in my projects going forward. References and Further Reading Socket.IO , especially the tutorial , which got me up and running very quickly Websockets on MDN – API reference and glossary , plus the articles on writing your own clients and servers ( Deno version ) Cover Photo by Scott Rodgerson on Unsplash Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Art light Art light Art light Follow Trust yourself🌞your capabilities are your true power. ❤Telegram - ✔lighthouse4661 ❤Discord - ✔lighthouse4661 Email art.miclight@gmail.com Pronouns He/him Work CTO Joined Nov 21, 2025 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, this is an incredibly clear and practical explanation! I really appreciate how you broke down the client-server flow with Socket.IO—it makes even the trickier concepts like namespaces and broadcasting feel approachable. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Lars Rye Jeppesen Follow Aspartam Junkie Location Vice City Pronouns Grand Master Joined Feb 10, 2017 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great article. A question though: why use Socket.IO when NodeJs now has it natively built in? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse eachampagne Follow Joined Sep 5, 2025 More from eachampagne Graphing in JavaScript # data # javascript # science 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Ensuring AI Reliability: Correctness, Consistency, and Availability Mikuz Mikuz Mikuz Follow Dec 30 '25 Ensuring AI Reliability: Correctness, Consistency, and Availability # ai # architecture # testing Comments Add Comment 6 min read Java 테스트 작성하기 - JUnit 기초 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 Java 테스트 작성하기 - JUnit 기초 # programming # java # junit # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read Starlight Part 3: The Autonomous Era — Headless CI/CD and Mutation Fingerprinting Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Follow Jan 3 Starlight Part 3: The Autonomous Era — Headless CI/CD and Mutation Fingerprinting # python # automation # testing 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Accelerating Microservices Development and Testing in Kubernetes: Shared Clusters, Smart Isolation, and Cost Savings Ravi Ravi Ravi Follow Jan 3 Accelerating Microservices Development and Testing in Kubernetes: Shared Clusters, Smart Isolation, and Cost Savings # architecture # kubernetes # microservices # testing Comments Add Comment 6 min read Beyond Selectors: The Starlight Protocol and the Era of Sovereign Automation Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Dhiraj Das Follow Dec 30 '25 Beyond Selectors: The Starlight Protocol and the Era of Sovereign Automation # python # automation # testing 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read QA Test Automation Tools and Process dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 30 '25 QA Test Automation Tools and Process # programming # common # qa # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Testing Methodology for Software Development dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 30 '25 Testing Methodology for Software Development # programming # common # developmentmethodology # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read TDD Tests Assumptions, Not Just Code Steven Stuart Steven Stuart Steven Stuart Follow Jan 2 TDD Tests Assumptions, Not Just Code # tdd # unittest # testing Comments Add Comment 5 min read Regression testing workflow: the risk first checks that keep releases stable Kelina Cowell Kelina Cowell Kelina Cowell Follow Dec 29 '25 Regression testing workflow: the risk first checks that keep releases stable # gamedev # testing # qualityassurance # ux Comments Add Comment 6 min read Binary Sovereignty: Stop Uploading Your Unreleased App to Strangers Om Narayan Om Narayan Om Narayan Follow Dec 28 '25 Binary Sovereignty: Stop Uploading Your Unreleased App to Strangers # security # mobile # testing # devops Comments Add Comment 6 min read My Experience Using the BMAD Framework on a Personal Project (Patience Required) Dan Gurgui Dan Gurgui Dan Gurgui Follow Dec 28 '25 My Experience Using the BMAD Framework on a Personal Project (Patience Required) # aws # architecture # engineering # testing Comments Add Comment 8 min read Beyond the Tesseract: Visualizing Multidimensional Space with Recursive Nested Cones. 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https://dev.to/adiatiayu/methods-vs-computed-in-vue-21mj#comment-1fl49 | Methods vs Computed in Vue - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ayu Adiati Posted on Jun 25, 2021 Methods vs Computed in Vue # help # discuss # vue # codenewbie Hello 👋🏼, Lately I've been learning Vue. So today I learned about computed property. In my understanding (please correct me if I'm wrong), computed is the same as methods property, only it will be re-executed if data that are used within the property are changed. While methods property will be re-executed for any data changes within the page. In which condition is the best practice to use methods or computed ? Thank you in advance for any help 😊 Top comments (8) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Drew Clements Drew Clements Drew Clements Follow Just a developer with more ideas and aspirations than time to explore them all! Location On the line Work Fullstack Engineer at Zillow Joined May 8, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Another way to look at computed is that they can be used as dynamic data for every render. Methods are functions that can be called as normal JS functions, but computed properties will be “re-calculated” anytime some data changes in the component. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, Drew! So computed is more like a method to update data to be dynamic? When would we want to use methods or computed? Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Drew Clements Drew Clements Drew Clements Follow Just a developer with more ideas and aspirations than time to explore them all! Location On the line Work Fullstack Engineer at Zillow Joined May 8, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly! Another important thing to note is that computed properties are available the same as properties in your data store So data () { return { number : 1 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode is the same as computed : { number () { return 1 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Both would be available with using this.number or {{ number }} But, if you ever needed number to update based on something else in the component, then the computed would do it auto-magically. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you, Drew!!! 😃 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sulivan Braga Sulivan Braga Sulivan Braga Follow Location São Paulo, Brasil Joined Jun 26, 2021 • Jun 26 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It’s already answered but to mention, you cannot send params on computed. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 26 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good to know this! Thank you, Sulivan 😃 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Follow Reacting on react Location Broswers Education Graduated Work Learner at WFH Joined Aug 6, 2020 • Apr 19 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I think we can Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tim Poisson Tim Poisson Tim Poisson Follow Joined Nov 8, 2019 • Jul 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also should mention that Computed Properties are automatically cached while Methods are not. If you are running an 'expensive' operation, it is best to cache this data as a Computed Property or else the function will re-run everytime the page refreshes which creates unnecessary overhead. For larger applications Computed Properties are typically used in conjunction with Vuex to help access global application data as well. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 More from Ayu Adiati Beyond Hacktoberfest: Building a True Open Source Journey # opensource # hacktoberfest # codenewbie # beginners My First Video Tutorials Contribution for Hacktoberfest # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie Giving non-code contributions the recognition they deserve # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/pcraig3/google-cloud-run-the-best-host-platform-for-dynamic-apps-4ma6 | Google Cloud Run: the best hosting platform for dynamic apps - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paul Craig Posted on Nov 12, 2020 Google Cloud Run: the best hosting platform for dynamic apps # cloud # googlecloud # docker # serverless Hello and welcome to my TED Talk. Today I will be talking about a problem that all of us can relate to as developers with ultra-cool side projects in GitHub that have 0 stars: how to host lots of half-baked tiny apps for as cheaply as possible. As a public-sphere-oriented side project, I built a small web app to show Canadians their next holiday . It’s a zippy little express app with a bunch of server-rendered pages and an embedded DB, and it’s open-source so anyone can use it (even non-Canadians). express is a popular JavaScript framework that’s fun to use and lets devs like us build simple applications quickly, which is one of the joyful things about programming. But as cool as it is when your app works on http://localhost:3000 , the point of websites is really that other people can see them, so you gotta find somewhere to host them. But not every app is gonna make you a ton of cash or be an ad vehicle — sometimes you just want to host a cutesy little app without having to come up with a business plan. So what’s the best option for hosting a basic web app while paying as little as possible? Well, if this was a mystery novel, I would introduce 12 shifty characters right around now, but the answer is you should use Cloud Run . Cloud Run is easy to set up and it’s basically free for low-volume apps . However, anyone who’s ever had a Grade 3 math teacher knows it’s important to show your work, so I’m going to go over some of the options I looked at and how they stack up against each other. Free hosting In roughly chronological order, I started with free hosting options and then moved on to paid options. In general, free hosting comes with limitations that you can either accept or pay your way out of, so what you end up looking for is a good balance of uptime vs cost. Totally free static hosting eg, Github Pages or Surge Static hosting services are super reliable and super free (😻), but the major caveat here is that they restrict you to static sites (or in-browser JS, to split a hair). Does this work for you? Maybe, if you’re using a “compiles to static” framework like Gatsby or Next.js (both Very Fun™️ in their own right). But not if you have picked up a more traditional MVC framework, like Flask , Rails , Laravel , or, in my case, express. If all you need is a totally static site — a bunch of HTML files — or you’re building a Single-Page App that offloads the logic onto a web browser, then you should probably just use a static hosting service and call it a day. (eg, My personal website is running on GitHub Pages). However, if you’re writing server-side logic to listen for requests and build your pages, you might have leveled-up and out of this category. Totally free dynamic app hosting eg, Heroku or Glitch Usually you have to pay for server uptime, but a few prominent companies have a category called “the free tier”. PaaS products like Heroku or Glitch offer this: they will host your app for free (!!) but — like Jurassic Park after Dennis Nedry leaves — will shut it down after [x] minutes without traffic. Once your app is down, the next request that comes in can take 20 or 30 seconds to load because it needs to spin up a whole server for the first request. For not-serious prototypes or little “Hello World!” tutorial apps, this is probably fine because your entire audience is your roommate and your mom. But once you want a site that will actually be usable, you come to two realizations: this is untenable, and more like “the free tear 😢” because it’s what happens to your eyes after staring at 20 seconds of a white page Paid hosting Maybe it’s time to bite the bullet and pay to host. Okay fine , I reason to myself, I am not bankrupt . Truth be told, I regularly pay money for things (eg, groceries and other necessities ). But I’m also not Geoff Bezos, who makes more money in the time it takes for him to read this article than you or I will make in a year. So let’s see what’s on offer, but let’s also try to be cost-conscious. Paid server hosting eg, Upgrading Heroku/Glitch, using Digital Ocean , or GoDaddy Traditional server hosting is a well-trod path here, with many commodity services competing to sell you uptime. Whether you want to upgrade your Heroku or Glitch plan, squeeze out a Digital Ocean droplet or poach yourself a big ol’ HostGator , the principle is pretty much the same. You pay a fixed rate for permanent server uptime and then your app runs all the time until either you die or you run out of money. If you’re looking for the cheap plans, they’re usually around $5-9 (USD!!) a month. Sure, not like it’s the end of the world, but I can also buy Netflix for $10/month ( CAD ) and get like a million shows I’ll never watch. So it would be good if there were some cheaper options here, because $10/month quickly adds up to $9,360.00 (79 years being the average human lifespan). Splitting the difference; axing our bills The reason we’re getting such crap experiences with the free tier is that dynamic sites need a server to do some computation before they return pages. To use my Canadian holidays site as an example, I look up how many days until the next holiday, so I need to check the current date every time a request comes in. Building a page itself is pretty quick, but booting up a hibernating server takes a while. For the fastest responses, we end up keeping the engine idling 24/7. This way, our server is always ready to respond to incoming requests, but at the cost of a lot of uptime we don’t need. So how do we split the difference? If we could find a way to pay only for the time that we are serving web traffic (💡) then we can launch fleets of rarely-visited websites for next-to-free. Sounds simple enough, but how does it work in practice? Paid “serverless” hosting eg, AWS Lambda or Google Cloud Functions Probably you’ve heard of serverless functions, aka Lambdas, aka Functions as a Service (FaaS): the idea is you run individual functions rather than a big fat web framework. “Server-less” makes more sense as two words in this context, because we need less of a server than all of one. What if, instead of our web server listening 24 hours a day for requests, we handled each request with a function that only runs when requests come in, and we pay only for the time it took to run those functions? What we’re talking about here is function invocations , which, for small projects, end up being cheap as chips. At 10k requests a month, you’re looking at an estimate of ~21 cents. There’re a lot of options in this space: the Big Three ( AWS , Azure , GCP ) all offer FaaS services, as well as more upstart-y platforms like Vercel or Netlify . But wait! Is this going to work with express or Rails or whatever? Erm, there are options I suppose (eg, serverless express ). But out of the box, no. To be clear, if this works for you, then this is a great option. For low-volume sites, you are looking at pennies a month. But if you already have a conventional web app, it probably means a big, fat rewrite: a thing I was definitely not interested in, and I would posit that you shouldn’t be either. Containerized serverless (aka, the Holy Grail) at long last, Cloud Run If you read the title of this post or the earlier-mentioned ‘TL;DR’, you might have guessed this, but for super unobservant people, the moment you have been waiting for is here. 🥁🥁🥁 ✨ Cloud Run ✨ is the gold at the end of this rainbow. Instead of paying for the time it takes to run function invocations, Cloud Run charges you for time spent running your app as a container — but the trick is that the container only runs when requests come in. Unlike traditional server-hosting, the time to boot up a container is dramatically less than it takes to spin up a server. You don’t have to provision a VM or download anything: containers bundle together everything they need at build time. Building a container can take a while (sometimes several minutes), but starting them up is pretty zippy. It’s a really neat way to slice the Gordian knot here. As we’ve seen, the other options are: be static deal with downtime pay a lot for uptime you don’t need rewrite your whole damn app With Cloud Run, get the best of both worlds: you get the pay-per-use model of serverless functions without overly constraining how you build your app. And since we’re talking about low-volume side projects presumably without much in the way of growth hacking, most of the time you’re not paying anything. You know the phrase, “make money while you sleep”? Well, this is similar: only it’s more like “most of the time you’re asleep, you’re not paying for Cloud Run.” And Cloud Run has a free tier too, which means if you’re really unpopular, hosting is free! Okay, I’m interested. What’s the catch? Glad you asked! Basically, the catch is you need a Dockerfile . Unlike with FaaS platforms, you don’t have to carve up your app like an LA plastic surgeon, but you do need to be able to run it as a container, which isn’t always part of the “Hello World!” tutorial you started with. The good news is that if you’re using a pretty established framework, examples abound. Google’s excellent “Build and Deploy” Quickstart tutorial includes sample Dockerfiles for 8 major programming languages. The JS one is 6 lines of code but I am a little more l33t than they expected so I got mine up to 15. If you need an intro to Docker, check out this excellent guide by Robert Cooper . Wrap up If you’re still not convinced and you want to do more research, then that’s fine too. A good place to start is at the beginning of this article. Otherwise, you should give it a shot! Here are a few more resources to help you on your way. Hit up Google’s “Build and Deploy” Quickstart for Cloud Run Learn how much cheaper it is to use Cloud Run than App Engine Deploy automatically to Cloud Run using Github Actions Thanks for reading! Happy devving! Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Stefano Giraldi Stefano Giraldi Stefano Giraldi Follow Location Italy Work Full Stack Architect at Freelance Joined Feb 6, 2019 • Sep 18 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great and usefull analisys. Thank you @pcraig3 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Paul Craig Follow Writes code, drinks tea, etc. Certainly would never get a haircut. Location Ottawa, Canada Work Dev at Canadian Digital Service Joined Oct 30, 2020 More from Paul Craig Quickstart: Continuous deployment to Google Cloud Run using Github Actions # github # serverless # googlecloud # tutorial Cloud Run vs App Engine: a head-to-head comparison using facts and science # cloud # googlecloud # docker # serverless 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/szabgab/billions-of-unnecessary-files-in-github-i85#updates | Billions of unnecessary files in GitHub - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gabor Szabo Posted on Dec 21, 2022 • Edited on Sep 22, 2023 Billions of unnecessary files in GitHub # github # programming # python # webdev As I was looking for easy assignments for the Open Source Development Course I found something very troubling which is also an opportunity for a lot of teaching and a lot of practice. Some files don't need to be in git The common sense dictates that we rarely need to include generated files in our git repository. There is no point in keeping them in our version control as they can be generated again. (The exception might be if the generation takes a lot of time or can be done only during certain phases of the moon.) Neither is there a need to store 3rd party libraries in our git repository. Instead of that we store a list of our dependencies with the required version and then we download and install them. (Well, the rightfully paranoid might download and save a copy of every 3rd party library they use to ensure it can never disappear, but you'll see we are not talking about that). .gitignore The way to make sure that neither we nor anyone else adds these files to the git repository by mistake is to create a file called .gitignore , include patterns that match the files we would like to exclude from git and add the .gitignore file to our repository. git will ignore those file. They won't even show up when you run git status . The format of the .gitignore file is described in the documentation of .gitignore . In a nutshell: /output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the output.txt file in the root of the project. output.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore output.txt anywhere in the project. (in the root or any subdirectory) *.txt Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore all the files with .txt extension venv Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Ignore the venv folder anywhere in the project. There are more. Check the documentation of .gitignore ! Not knowing about .gitignore Apparently a lot of people using git and GitHub don't know about .gitignore The evidence: Python developers use something called virtualenv to make it easy to use different dependencies in different projects. When they create a virtualenv they usually configure it to install all the 3rd party libraries in a folder called venv . This folder we should not include in git. And yet: There are 452M hits for this search venv In a similar way NodeJS developers install their dependencies in a folder called node_modules . There are 2B responses for this search: node_modules Finally, if you use the Finder applications on macOS and open a folder, it will create an empty(!) file called .DS_Store . This file is really not needed anywhere. And yet I saw many copies of it on GitHub. Unfortunately so far I could not figure out how to search for them. The closest I found is this search . Misunderstanding .gitignore There are also many people who misunderstand the way .gitignore works. I can understand it as the wording of the explanation is a bit ambiguous. What we usually say is that If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put it in .gitignore . A better way would be to say this: If you'd like to make sure that git will ignore the __pycache__ folder then you need to put its name in the .gitignore file. Without that people might end up creating a folder called .gitignore and moving all the __pycache__ folder to this .gitignore folder. You can see it in this search Help Can you suggest other common cases of unnecessary files in git that should be ignored? Can you help me creating the search for .DS_store in GitHub? Updates More based on the comments: .o files the result of compilation of C and C++ code: .o .class files the result of compilation of Java code: .class .pyc files are compiled Python code. Usually stored in the __pycache__ folder mentioned earlier: .pyc How to create a .gitignore file? A follow-up post: How to create a .gitignore file? Gabor Szabo ・ Dec 29 '22 #github #gitlab #programming Top comments (51) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Brian Kirkpatrick Follow Aerospace engineer with a passion for programming, an intrigue for information theory, and a soft spot for space! Location Tustin, California Education Harvey Mudd College Work Chief Mod/Sim Engineer Joined Dec 20, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Did you know the command git clean -Xfd will remove all files from your project that match the current contents of your .gitignore file? I love this trick. Like comment: Like comment: 82 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Be careful with this one. Some of my repos have bits and pieces I expressly never commit and are in .gitignore but also don't want to branch/stash those things either. Things like files with sensitive configuration information or credentials in them that exist for development/testing purposes but should never reach GitHub. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Perchun Pak Follow Hello there! I'm 15 years old Junior+ Backend/Software developer from Ukraine. See perchun.it for more info. Email dev.to@perchun.it Location Ukraine Work Available for hire. Joined Dec 17, 2022 • Jan 9 '23 • Edited on Jan 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Maybe use environment variables in your IDE? Or if you're on Linux, you can set those values automatically when you enter the folder with cd . This is much safer in both situations, you will never commit this data and will never delete it. For e.g. syncing it between devices, use password manager (like BitWarden ). Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Real AI Real AI Real AI Follow Joined Apr 28, 2017 • Feb 1 '23 • Edited on Feb 1 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The thing with repos is that git clean -Xfd should not be dangerous, if it is then you have important information that should be stored elsewhere, NOT on the filesystem. Please learn to use a proper pgpagent or something. The filesystem should really be ephemeral. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread cubiclesocial cubiclesocial cubiclesocial Follow CubicleSoft is a software development company with fantastic software products. What do you need to build next? https://github.com/cubiclesoft Location USA Work Software Developer at CubicleSoft Joined Apr 26, 2020 • Feb 2 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Information has to be stored somewhere. And that means everything winds up stored in a file system somewhere. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Exoutia Exoutia Exoutia Follow A techgeek Education Techno Main Saltlake Work Student Joined Dec 17, 2021 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was just looking for this comman I wanted to remove some of the sqlite files from GitHub Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This won't remove the already committed files from github. It removes the files from your local disk that should not be committed to git. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Arik Arik Arik Follow Software Engineer Location FL Education Self Taught Work Freelance Joined May 26, 2018 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Lifesaver! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Seth Berrier Follow Teacher of computer science and game design and development in Western Wisconsin; modern JS and web tech advocate! Location Menomonie, WI Education PhD in Computer Science Work Associate Prof. of Computer Science at University of Wisconsin Stout Joined Oct 28, 2019 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Game engine projects often have very large cache folders that contain auto generated files which should not be checked into repositories. There are well established .gitignore files to help keep these out of GitHub, but people all to often don't use them. For Unity projects, "Library" off the root is a cache (hard to search for that one, it's too generic). For Unreal, "DerivedDataCache" is another ( search link ) There's also visual studio's debug symbol files with extension .pdb. these can get pretty damn big and often show up in repos when they shouldn't: search link Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 • Edited on Dec 23 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! That actually gave me the idea to open the recommended gitignore files and use those as the criteria for searches. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Chris Hansen Follow Location Salt Lake City, UT Joined Sep 16, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide See also gitignore generators like gitignore.io . For example, this generated .gitignore has some interesting ones like *.log and *.tmp . Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Kolja Kolja Kolja Follow Joined Oct 7, 2021 • Dec 21 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Does GitHub really store duplicate files? Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I don't know how github stores the files, but I am primarily interested in the health of each individual project. Having these files stored and then probably updated later will cause misunderstandings and it will make harder to track changes. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Duplicate or not, git clone is create them. 😞 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am not sure I understand what you meant by this comment. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Márton Somogyi Follow I am a programmer with about more than 15 years of experience. I have worked in many programming languages, both as a hobby and professionally. My favorites are Java, Kotlin, PHP, and Python Location Hungary Joined Jan 31, 2022 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It doesn't matter if github stores it in duplicate or not, because git clone will create it unnecessarily on the client side. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Right Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am sorry, but it is unclear what you mean by that comment and what does that image refer to? Could you elaborate, please? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Follow French web developer mainly but touches everything. Volunteer admin mod here at DEV. I learn Nuxt at this moment and databases. — Addict to Cappuccino and Music Location France Pronouns He/him Work IAM Consultant @ Ariovis Joined May 5, 2017 • Jan 7 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide He demonstrates how to lighten your open source projects with the use of .gitignore . 👍🏼 At no time does he point at people and tell them that. Why do you think like that? 🤔 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Alex Oladele Follow Constantly wanting to learn more Email oladelaa@gmail.com Location Raleigh, NC Education Miami University Work Application Developer at IBM Joined Sep 9, 2017 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I manage a GitHub Enterprise instance for work and this is soooo incredibly important actually. The files you commit to git really build up overtime. Even if you "remove" a file in a subsequent commit, it is still in git history, which means you're still cloning down giant repo history whenever you clone. You might think: "oh well so what? What's the big deal? This is a normal part of the development cycle" Let's couple these large repo clones with automation that triggers multiple times a day. Now let's say that a bunch of other people are also doing automated clones of repos with large git histories. The amount of network traffic that this generates is actually significant and starts to impact performance for everyone . Not to mention that the code has to live on a server somewhere, so its likely costing your company a lot of money just o be able to host it. * General advice whether you're using GitHub Enterprise or not: * Utilize a .gitignore from the start! Be overzealous in adding things to your .gitignore file because its likely safer for you. I use Toptal to generate my gitignores personally If you're committing files or scripts that are larger than 100mb, just go ahead and use git-lfs to commit them. You're minimizing your repo history that way Try to only retain source code in git. Of course there will be times where you need to store images and maybe some documents, but really try to limit the amount of non source-code files that you store in git. Images and other non text-based files can't be diffed with git so they're essentially just reuploaded to git. This builds up very quickly Weirdly enough, making changes to a bunch of minified files can actually be more harmful to git due to the way it diffs. If git has to search for a change in a single line of text, it still has to change that entire (single) line. Having spacing in your code makes it easier to diff things with git since only a small part of the file has to change instead of the entire file. If you pushed a large file to git and realized that you truly do not need it in git, use BFG repo cleaner to remove it from your git history. This WILL mess with your git history, so I wouldn't use it lighty, but its an incredibly powerful and useful tool for completely removing large files from git history. Utilize git-sizer to see how large your repo truly is. Cloning your repo and then looking at the size on disk is probably misleading because its likely not factoring in git history. Review your automation that interacts with your version control platform. Do you really need to clone this repo 10 times an hour? Does it really make a difference to the outcome if you limited it to half that amount? A lot of times you can reduce the number of git operations you're making which just helps the server overall Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Mohammad Hosein Balkhani Follow Eating Pizza ... Location Linux Kernel Education Master of Information Technology ( MBA ) Work Senior Software Engineer at BtcEx Joined Aug 18, 2018 • Dec 25 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was really shocked, i read your article 3 times and opened the node modules search to believe this. Wow GitHub should start to alert this people! Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Darren Cunningham Follow Cloud Architect, Golang enthusiast, breaker of things Location Columbus, OH Work Engineer at Rhove Joined Nov 13, 2019 • Dec 28 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide github.com/community/community#mak... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Neo Sibanda Follow Social Enthusiast Social Media Marketer Content Creator Growth Advocate Email neosibanda@gmail.com Location Harare, Zimbabwe Education IMM Graduate School of marketing Work Remote work Joined Dec 19, 2022 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Ignored files are usually build artifacts and machine generated files that can be derived from your repository source or should otherwise not be committed. Some common examples are: dependency caches, such as the contents of /node_modules or /packages. compiled code, such as .o , .pyc , and .class files. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 22 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I've updated the article based on your suggestions. Thanks. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 21 '22 • Edited on Dec 21 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good explanation of .gitgnore Don’t forget those .env files as well! GitHub’s extension search parameter doesn’t require the dot, so your .DS_Store search should work if you make that small change extension:DS_Store https://github.com/search?q=extension%3ADS_Store&type=Code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Ethan Azariah Follow Hello! I'm a crazy guy with OS-dev interests who sometimes argues for no reason. Trying to kick the habit. ;) Formerly known as Ethan Gardener Joined Jan 7, 2020 • Dec 29 '22 • Edited on Dec 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was quite used to configuring everything by text file when I first encountered Git in 2005, but I still needed a little help and a little practice to get used to .gitignore. :) I think the most help was seeing examples in other peoples' projects; that's what usually works for me. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The .gitignore folder search link is wrong. It should have the query .gitignore/ not .gitignore https://github.com/search?q=path%3A.gitignore%2F&type=code Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yours looks more correct, but I get the same results for both searches. Currently I get for both searches: 1,386,986 code results Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Posandu Posandu Posandu Follow Joined Jun 24, 2021 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Weird, I get two different results. 🤣 .gitignore/ .gitignore Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Email gabor@szabgab.com Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 • Dec 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You use night-mode and I use day-mode. That must be the explanation. 🤔 Also I have a menu at the top, next to the search box with items such as "Pull requests", "Issues", ... and you don't. Either some configuration or we are on different branches of their AB testing. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Jakub Narębski Follow Location Toruń, Poland Education Ph.D. in Physics Pronouns he/him Work Assistant Professor at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Joined Jul 30, 2018 • Dec 27 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There is gitignore.io service that can be used to generate good .gitignore file for the programming language and/or framework that you use, and per-user or per-repository ignore file for the IDE you use. Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (51 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Some comments have been hidden by the post's author - find out more Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Gabor Szabo Follow Helping individuals and teams improve their software development practices. Introducing testing, test automation, CI, CD, pair programming. That neighborhood. Location Israel Education HUJI - Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel; Fazekas in Budapest, Hungary Work CI, Automation, and DevOps Trainer and Consultant at Self Employed Joined Oct 11, 2017 More from Gabor Szabo Perl 🐪 Weekly #755 - Does TIOBE help Perl? # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #754 - New Year Resolution # perl # news # programming Perl 🐪 Weekly #753 - Happy New Year! # perl # news # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/rollingindo/oasis-for-developers-an-underrated-evm-for-privacy-first-dapps-9if | Oasis for Developers: an underrated EVM for privacy-first dApps - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Zerod0wn Gaming Posted on Jan 11 Oasis for Developers: an underrated EVM for privacy-first dApps # solidity # cryptocurrency # blockchain # privacy If you’re building in Web3 and everything starts to feel like: MEV everywhere Front-running by default Sensitive logic exposed in calldata …it might be time to look at Oasis Sapphire . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDLz06X_KNY What Oasis actually is Oasis is a Layer 1 with a modular architecture Sapphire is an EVM-compatible ParaTime (smart contract runtime) You deploy Solidity contracts almost exactly like Ethereum What makes it different Confidential EVM execution Contract state, inputs, and internal logic can be encrypted Data is only visible inside the secure runtime (TEE-backed) This isn’t “privacy by obfuscation”. It’s enforced at execution level. Why this matters for devs Protect MEV strategies (arbs, liquidations, auctions) Build sealed-bid auctions without commit–reveal hacks Hide sensitive parameters (fees, thresholds, allowlists) Reduce attack surface from calldata-based exploits Dev experience Solidity + standard tooling (Foundry, Hardhat) Minimal changes to existing contracts No custom rollup infra, no sequencers to manage Deploy like an app, not like an infrastructure company When Oasis makes sense DeFi protocols with strategy logic Account abstraction / paymaster logic Games with hidden state Governance or voting systems Any app where “everything public” is a liability Trade-offs (being honest) Smaller ecosystem than Ethereum L2s You need to design with confidentiality in mind Not every app needs privacy, obviously.. but when you do, it’s hard to fake If Ethereum L2s optimize for throughput, Oasis optimizes for who gets to see what. And that’s a powerful primitive most stacks still don’t have. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Zerod0wn Gaming Follow software engineer, MSc in Data Science Joined Jan 13, 2025 More from Zerod0wn Gaming Oasis & TEE Vulnerabilities and Why Oasis Survived the Storm # blockchain # cryptocurrency # privacy # computervision Verifiable Compute for Onchain Prop Trading: Carrot Meets Oasis ROFL # blockchain # web3 # privacy Oasis launches a strategic investment arm and backs SemiLiquid to build confidential RWA credit infrastructure # blockchain # web3 # cryptocurrency # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/toydev/eclipse-wtp-jacoco-coverage-not-recognized-when-running-tomcat-in-debug-mode-4d00 | Eclipse WTP: JaCoCo Coverage Not Recognized When Running Tomcat in Debug Mode - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse toydev Posted on Dec 12, 2025 Eclipse WTP: JaCoCo Coverage Not Recognized When Running Tomcat in Debug Mode # java # eclipse # jacoco # testing Introduction While using Eclipse WTP to run a dynamic web application on Tomcat , I encountered an issue where JaCoCo coverage results depended on how the server was launched . Specifically, coverage was collected correctly when Tomcat was started with Run , but not when started with Debug . This article documents the investigation, the findings, and the practical conclusion drawn from them. The goal is not only to fix the issue, but also to clarify why collecting coverage in Debug mode is inherently fragile in this environment. Preconditions A dynamic web application is launched on Tomcat using Eclipse WTP Tomcat is started from Eclipse using Run As or Debug As JaCoCo is attached manually via JVM options (EclEmma coverage launch is not available for WTP servers) Execution data is imported into Eclipse Coverage view or processed via JaCoCo Ant tasks JaCoCo agent configuration Example VM argument used for Tomcat startup: -javaagent:${project_loc:PROJECT_NAME}/lib/jacoco/jacocoagent.jar=destfile=${project_loc:PROJECT_NAME}/target/jacoco/jacoco.exec,append=false Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Environment Windows 11 Eclipse (as of 2025-12-12) Eclipse IDE for Enterprise Java and Web Developers 2025-12 (4.38.0) Tomcat 10 (Java 21) Observed behavior Coverage recognition differs depending on how Tomcat is launched: Run As → Run on Server JaCoCo coverage is recognized correctly Debug As → Debug on Server JaCoCo coverage is not recognized Investigation 1: Class file comparison To determine whether this was a WTP-specific issue, the same JaCoCo setup was tested with a normal Java application: In a non-WTP Java application, coverage works correctly in both Run and Debug modes Next, the actual class files used by WTP were compared. Compared class files under: .metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp*/wtpwebapps/<project>/WEB-INF/classes Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Results: Class files are identical between Run and Debug No timestamp differences To investigate further, JaCoCo's classdumpdir option was used and dumped classes were analyzed with javap -v . Finding In Debug mode , class files contain SourceDebugExtension (SMAP) In Run mode , SMAP is not present Interpretation This strongly suggests that, when launching a WTP server in Debug mode , class files are modified by Eclipse (or related tooling) before or around class loading , independently of JaCoCo instrumentation. JaCoCo assumes that: The class definition at execution time And the class definition used for analysis are structurally identical . The presence of SMAP breaks this assumption. Investigation 2: Eclipse configuration Based on the hypothesis above, Eclipse debug-related settings were reviewed. The issue disappears when the following setting is disabled: Preferences → Java → Debug → Use advanced source lookup (JRE 1.5 and higher) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode After disabling this option: Coverage is recognized correctly even in Debug mode Java source debugging still works JSP debugging still works Notes on SMAP (JSR-045) SMAP (Source Map) is defined by JSR-045 It is primarily used to map generated code (e.g. JSP) back to original source In Tomcat, SMAP generation for JSPs is handled by JspServlet and enabled by default It can be disabled via suppressSmap Based on observed behavior: SMAP for Java-originated classes appears to be influenced by Eclipse debug configuration SMAP for JSP-originated classes is handled by Tomcat Conclusion Disabling "Use advanced source lookup" is a possible workaround . However, the broader conclusion is more important: JaCoCo relies on class definition consistency between execution and analysis. Debug configurations in IDEs may introduce implicit bytecode modifications (such as SMAP) that violate this assumption. Therefore: Collect JaCoCo coverage using Run mode, and reserve Debug mode strictly for investigation and diagnosis. Trying to collect coverage in Debug mode should generally be avoided in Eclipse WTP environments. Final remark This article intentionally focuses on why the issue occurs, rather than treating it as a configuration glitch. The same problem is likely to reappear in future environments if the underlying assumptions are forgotten. Writing this down is primarily for my future self — but if it helps someone else avoid the same trap, even better. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse toydev Follow Joined Dec 12, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming Agent Factory Recap: A Deep Dive into Agent Evaluation, Practical Tooling, and Multi-Agent Systems # vertexai # agents # testing # ai Meme Monday # discuss # watercooler # jokes 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/how-to-question-any-system-design-problem-with-live-interview-walkthrough-2cd4#what-first-principles-means-in-system-design | How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # systemdesign # interview # architecture # career Thinking in First Principles: Most system design interview failures are not caused by missing knowledge of tools. They are caused by missing questions . Strong candidates do not start by designing systems. They start by interrogating the problem . This post teaches you: How to question a system from first principles How to apply that questioning live in an interview What mistakes candidates commonly make A printable one-page checklist you can memorize and reuse No prior system design experience required. What “First Principles” Means in System Design First principles means reducing a problem to fundamental truths that must always hold , regardless of: Programming language Framework Infrastructure Scale Every system—chat apps, payment systems, video processing pipelines—must answer the same core questions about: State Time Failure Order Scale If a design cannot answer one of these, it is incomplete. The 5-Step First-Principles Questioning Framework You will apply these questions in order . State – Where does information live? When is it durable? Time – How long does each step take? Failure – What breaks independently? Order – What defines correct sequence? Scale – What grows fastest under load? This is not a checklist you recite. It is a thinking sequence . Let’s walk through each one. 1. State — Where Does It Live? When Is It Durable? The Question Where does the system’s information exist, and when is it safe from loss? This is always the first question because nothing else matters if data disappears. What You’re Really Asking Is data stored in memory or persisted? What survives a crash or restart? What is the source of truth? Example Case Imagine a system that accepts user requests and processes them later. If the request only lives in memory: A restart loses it A crash loses it Another instance can’t see it You have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance one. Key Insight If state only exists in a running process, it does not exist. 2. Time — How Long Does Each Step Take? Once state exists, time becomes unavoidable. The Question Which steps are fast, and which are slow? You are comparing orders of magnitude , not exact numbers. What You’re Really Asking Is there long-running work? Does the user wait for it? Is fast work blocked by slow work? Example Case A system: Accepts a request (milliseconds) Performs heavy processing (seconds) If the request waits for processing: Latency is dominated by the slowest step Throughput collapses under load Key Insight The slowest step defines the user experience. 3. Failure — What Breaks Independently? Now assume something goes wrong. It always will. The Question Which parts of the system can fail without the others failing? What You’re Really Asking What if the system crashes mid-operation? What if work is retried? Can the same work run twice? Example Case If work can be retried: It may run twice Side effects may duplicate State may become inconsistent This is not a bug. It is the default behavior of distributed systems. Key Insight Distributed systems fail partially, not cleanly. 4. Order — What Defines Correct Sequence? Ordering issues appear only after state, time, and failure are considered. The Question Does correctness depend on the order of operations? What You’re Really Asking Does arrival order equal processing order? Can later work finish earlier? Does that matter? Example Case Two requests arrive: A then B If B completes before A: Is the system still correct? If the answer is “no,” order must be explicitly enforced. Key Insight If order matters, it must be designed—not assumed. 5. Scale — What Grows Fastest? Only now do we talk about scale. The Question As usage increases, which dimension grows fastest? What You’re Really Asking Requests? Stored data? Concurrent operations? Waiting work? Example Case If each request waits on slow work: Concurrent waiting grows with latency Resources exhaust quickly Key Insight Systems fail at the fastest-growing dimension. Live Mock Interview Case Study (Detailed) Interviewer “Design a system where users submit tasks and receive results later.” Candidate (Correct Approach) Candidate: Before designing, I’d like to understand what state the system must preserve. Step 1: State Candidate: We must store: The user’s request The result A way to associate them This state must survive crashes, so it needs to be persisted. Interviewer: Good. Continue. Step 2: Time Candidate: Submitting a request is likely fast. Producing a result could be slow. If we make users wait for result generation, latency will be high and throughput limited. So the system likely separates request acceptance from processing. Step 3: Failure Candidate: Now I’ll assume failures. If processing crashes mid-way: The request still exists Processing may retry That means the same task could execute twice. So we must consider whether duplicate execution is safe. Step 4: Order Candidate: If users submit multiple tasks: Does order matter? If yes: Arrival order ≠ completion order We need to explicitly preserve sequence If no: Tasks can be processed independently Step 5: Scale Candidate: Under load, the fastest-growing dimension is: Pending background work If processing is slow, the backlog grows quickly. So the system must degrade gracefully under that pressure. Interviewer Assessment The candidate: Asked structured questions Identified real failure modes Avoided premature tools Demonstrated systems thinking No tools were required to pass this interview. Common Mistakes Candidates Make 1. Jumping to Solutions ❌ “We’ll use Kafka” ✅ “What happens if work runs twice?” 2. Treating State as Implementation Detail ❌ “We’ll store it somewhere” ✅ “What must never be lost?” 3. Ignoring Failure ❌ “Retries should work” ✅ “What if retries duplicate effects?” 4. Assuming Order ❌ “Requests are processed in order” ✅ “What enforces that order?” 5. Talking About Scale Too Early ❌ “Millions of users” ✅ “Which dimension explodes first?” Printable One-Page Interview Checklist You can print or memorize this. First-Principles System Design Checklist Ask these in order: State What information must exist? Where does it live? When is it durable? Time Which steps are fast? Which are slow? Does slow work block fast work? Failure What can fail independently? Can work be retried? What happens if it runs twice? Order Does correctness depend on sequence? Is arrival order preserved? What enforces ordering? Scale What grows fastest? How does the system fail under load? Final Mental Model Great system design is not about building systems. It is about exposing hidden assumptions. This framework helps you do that—calmly, systematically, and convincingly. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/alexsergey/css-modules-vs-css-in-js-who-wins-3n25#main-content | CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sergey Posted on Mar 11, 2021 CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? # webdev # css # javascript # react Introduction In modern React application development, there are many approaches to organizing application styles. One of the popular ways of such an organization is the CSS-in-JS approach (in the article we will use styled-components as the most popular solution) and CSS Modules. In this article, we will try to answer the question: which is better CSS-in-JS or CSS Modules ? So let's get back to basics. When a web page was primarily set for storing textual documentation and didn't include user interactions, properties were introduced to style the content. Over time, the web became more and more popular, sites got bigger, and it became necessary to reuse styles. For these purposes, CSS was invented. Cascading Style Sheets. Cascading plays a very important role in this name. We write styles that lay like a waterfall over the hollows of our document, filling it with colors and highlighting important elements. Time passed, the web became more and more complex, and we are facing the fact that the styles cascade turned into a problem for us. Distributed teams, working on their parts of the system, combining them into reusable modules, assemble an application from pieces, like Dr. Frankenstein, stitching styles into one large canvas, can get the sudden result... Due to the cascade, the styles of module 1 can affect the display of module 3, and module 4 can make changes to the global styles and change the entire display of the application in general. Developers have started to think of solving this problem. Style naming conventions were created to avoid overlaps, such as Yandex's BEM or Atomic CSS. The idea is clear, we operate with names in order to get predictability, but at the same time to prevent repetitions. These approaches were crashed of the rocks of the human factor. Anyway, we have no guarantee that the developer from team A won't use the name from team C. The naming problem can only be solved by assigning a random name to the CSS class. Thus, we get a completely independent CSS set of styles that will be applied to a specific HTML block and we understand for sure that the rest of the system won't be affected in any way. And then 2 approaches came onto the stage to organize our CSS: CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS . Under the hood, having a different technical implementation, and in fact solving the problem of atomicity, reusability, and avoiding side effects when writing CSS. Technically, CSS Modules transforms style names using a hash-based on the filename, path, style name. Styled-components handles styles in JS runtime, adding them as they go to the head HTML section (<head>). Approaches overview Let's see which approach is more optimal for writing a modern web application! Let's imagine we have a basic React application: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import ' ./App.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = "title" > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode CSS styles of this application: .title { padding : 20px ; background-color : #222 ; text-align : center ; color : white ; font-size : 1.5em ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The dependencies are React 16.14 , react-dom 16.14 Let's try to build this application using webpack using all production optimizations. we've got uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 133 bytes The same code in CSS Modules will look like this: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' ./App.module.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = { styles . title } > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 151 bytes The CSS Modules version will take up a couple of bytes more due to the impossibility of compressing the long generated CSS names. Finally, let's rewrite the same code under styled-components: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' styled-components ' ; const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ` ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < Title > React application title </ Title > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 163kb CSS file is missing The more than 30kb difference between CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS (styled-components) is due to styled-components adding extra code to add styles to the <head> part of the HTML document. In this synthetic test, the CSS Modules approach wins, since the build system doesn't add something extra to implement it, except for the changed class name. Styled-components due to technical implementation, adds dependency as well as code for runtime handling and styling of <head>. Now let's take a quick look at the pros and cons of CSS-in-JS / CSS Modules. Pros and cons CSS-in-JS cons The browser won't start interpreting the styles until styled-components has parsed them and added them to the DOM, which slows down rendering. The absence of CSS files means that you cannot cache separate CSS. One of the key downsides is that most libraries don't support this approach and we still can't get rid of CSS. All native JS and jQuery plugins are written without using this approach. Not all React solutions use it. Styles integration problems. When a markup developer prepares a layout for a JS developer, we may forget to transfer something; there will also be difficulty in synchronizing a new version of layout and JS code. We can't use CSS utilities: SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, etc. pros Styles can use JS logic. This reminds me of Expression in IE6, when we could wrap some logic in our styles (Hello, CSS Expressions :) ). const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ${ props => props . secondary && css ` background-color: #fff; color: #000; padding: 10px; font-size: 1em; ` } ` ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When developing small modules, it simplifies the connection to the project, since you only need to connect the one independent JS file. It is semantically nicer to use <Title> in a React component than <h1 className={style.title}>. CSS Modules cons To describe global styles, you must use a syntax that does not belong to the CSS specification. :global ( .myclass ) { text-decoration : underline ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Integrating into a project, you need to include styles. Working with typescript, you need to automatically or manually generate interfaces. For these purposes, I use webpack loader: @teamsupercell/typings-for-css-modules-loader pros We work with regular CSS, it makes it possible to use SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, and more. Also, you don't waste time on adapting the CSS to JS. No integration of styles into the code, clean code as result. Almost 100% standardized except for global styles. Conclusion So the fundamental problem with the CSS-in-JS approach is that it's not CSS! This kind of code is harder to maintain if you have a defined person in your team working on markup. Such code will be slower, due to the fact that the CSS rendered into the file is processed in parallel, and the CSS-in-JS cannot be rendered into a separate CSS file. And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on. On the other hand, the CSS-in-JS approach can be a good solution for the Frontend team who deals with both markup and JS, and develops all components from scratch. Also, CSS-in-JS will be useful for modules that integrate into other applications. In my personal opinion, the issue of CSS cascading is overrated. If we are developing a small application or site, with one team, then we are unlikely to encounter a name collision or the difficulty of reusing components. If you faced with this problem, I recommend considering CSS Modules, as, in my opinion, this is a more optimal solution for the above factors. In any case, whatever you choose, write meaningful code and don't get fooled by the hype. Hype will pass, and we all have to live with it. Have great and interesting projects, dear readers! Top comments (30) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Senior Software Engineer Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Feb 17, 2020 • Mar 12 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One pro of CSS, the hot reload is instant when you just change CSS, with CSS in JS the project is recompiled. For CSS-in-JS I find easier to reuse that code in a React Native project. My personal conclusion is that we are constantly trying to avoid CSS but at the end of the day, CSS will stay here forever. Great article btw! Like comment: Like comment: 25 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GreggHume GreggHume GreggHume Follow A developer who works with and on some of the worlds leading brands. My company is called Cold Brew Studios, see you out there :) Joined Mar 10, 2021 • Mar 9 '22 • Edited on Mar 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I ran into issues with css modules that styled components seemed to solve. But i ran into issues with styled components that I wouldn't have had with plain scss. So some things to think about: Styled components is a lot more overhead because all the styled components need to be complied into stylesheets and mounted to the head by javascript which is a blocking language. On SSR styled components get compiled into a ServerStyleSheet that then hydrate the react dom tree in the browser via the context api. So even then the mounting of styles only happens in the browser but the parsing of styles happens on the server - that is still a performance penalty and will slow down the page load. In some cases I had no issues with styled components but as my site grew and in complex cases I couldn't help but feel like it was slower, or didn't load as smoothly... and in a world where every second matters, this was a problem for me. Here is an article doing benchmarks on CSS vs CSS in JS: pustelto.com/blog/css-vs-css-in-js... I use nextjs, it is a pity they do not support component level css and we are forced to use css modules or styled components... where as with Nuxt component level scss is part of the package and you have the option on how you want the sites css to bundled - all in one file, split into their own files and some other nifty options. I hope nextjs sharped up on this. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Jun 22 '22 • Edited on Jun 22 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A big tip that might help. Why not use SCSS and unique classNames: For example create a unique container className (name of the component) and nest all the other classNames under that unique container className. .home-page-guest { .nav {} .main {} .footer {} } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode < div className = " home-page-guest " > < div className = " nav " /> < div className = " main " /> < div className = " footer " /> < /div > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I bet you did Greg Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hank Queston Hank Queston Hank Queston Follow Work CTO at Bonfire Joined May 25, 2021 • May 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I agreed, CSS Modules make a lot more sense to me over Styled Components, always have! Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @Petar Kokev If something I learned from this years of working with React and other projects is that the correct library for project isn't the correct library for another. So the mos important think that we need to do is select the tools, libraries and technologies that fit better to the current project. In this case you can't use Styled-components on sites that require a good SEO, becouse the mos important think here is the SEO and you cant sacrify it. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand thedev1232 thedev1232 thedev1232 Follow tech enthusiast - code to the nuts Location sanjose Work Senior dev Manager at self Joined Oct 26, 2020 • Mar 31 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about having to deal with libraries like Material UI with next js? I have an issue to decide whether to use just makeStyles function or should we use styled components? My main concern is code longevity and maintenance without any issues Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide My big issues with styled components is they are deeply coupled with your code. I've opted to use emotion's css utility exclusively and instructed my team to avoid using any of the styled component features. We've loved it but this was a few years ago. For newer projects I'm going with the css modules design. Also why does anyone care about sass anymore? With css variables and the css nesting module in the specification, you get the best parts of sass with vanilla css. The other features are just overkill for a css-module that should represent a single react component and thus nothing :global . Complicated sass directives and stuff are just overkill. Turn it into a react component and don't make any crazy css systems. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Mar 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Same I was trying to revamp my personal site, I discovered that I would have to rewrite alot of things, and then I later gave up. I would advice css modules are the way to go, and it greatly helps with SEO. And in teams using SC, naming becomes an issue because some people don't know how to name components and you have to scroll around, just to check if a component is a h1 tag 🤮 CACHEing I can't stress this enough, for enterprise in-house apps it doesn't really matter, but for everyday consumer-essentric apps CACHEing should not be overlooked Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Matty Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can still have a top-level css file that isn't a css module for global stuff Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Follow Senior Software Engineer with React && TypeScript Location Bulgaria Work Senior Software Engineer @ alkem.io Joined Nov 27, 2019 • Sep 10 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It is not true that with styled-components one can't use scss syntax, etc. styled-components supports it. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eduard Eduard Eduard Follow Taxation is robbery Joined Oct 25, 2019 • Mar 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about css-in-js frameworks like material-ua, chakra-ui and others? In my opinion, they dramatically speed up development. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In my personal opinion I see Styled Components more for a Single Page Aplications where the SEO isn't important and is unecessary to cache css files. In the case of static web site or a site that must have a good SEO the Module-Css is better. @greggcbs My recomendation is to use code splitting if you have problem with the performans when you use Styled-Components in your project, in order to avoid brign all code in the first load of the site. Good article @sergey Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Jess Rodriguez celly Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gass Gass Gass Follow hi there 👋 Email g.szada@gmail.com Location Budapest, Hungary Education engineering Work software developer @ itemis Joined Dec 25, 2021 • Apr 25 '22 • Edited on Apr 25 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good post. I've been using CSS modules for a short time now and I like it. Allows everything to be nicely compartmentalized. I also like that it gives more freedom to name classes in smaller chunks of CSS code. Instead of using it like so: {styles.my_class} I preffer {s.my_class} makes the code looks nicer and more concise. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Follow Joined Jun 14, 2023 • Jun 14 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm sorry but it seems that you don't have much experience with Styled Components. "And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on." Not a single thing here is true. SCSS is the original syntax of the package, you can use Stylelint as well. There are a lot more "pros" which are not listed here. By working with JS you are opened to another world. I'll list some more "pros" from the top of my head: consume and validate your theme colors as pure JS object consume state/props and create dynamic CSS out of it you have plugins which can be a live savers in cases like RTL (right to left orientation). Whoever had to support an app/website with RTL will be magically saved by this plugin. You can create custom plugins to fix various problems, or make your own linting in your team project. you don't think about CSS class names and collision. I prefer to be focused on thinking about variable names in my JS only and not spending effort in the CSS as well when you break your visual habits you will realise that's it's easier to have your CSS in your JS file just the way you got used to have your HTML in your JS file (React) In these days CSS has become a monster. You have inheritance, mixins, variables, IF statements, loops etc. Sure they can be useful somewhere but I'm pretty sure that most of you just need to center that div. So in my personal opinion we should strive to keep CSS as simpler as possible (as with everything actually) and I think that Styled Components are kind of pushing you to do exactly that. Don't re-use CSS, re-use components! The only global things you should have are probably just the color theme and animations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Follow Joined Mar 14, 2021 • Feb 16 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Couldn't agree more on the last two bullet points~~ Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand DrBeehre DrBeehre DrBeehre Follow Location New Zealand Work Software Engineer at Self-Employed Joined Nov 10, 2020 • Mar 14 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is awesome! I'm quite new to Web dev in particular and when starting a new project, I've often wondered which approach is better as I could see pros and cons to both, but I never found the time to dig in. Thanks for pulling all this together into a concise blog post! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (30 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sergey Follow Joined Nov 18, 2020 More from Sergey Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI # webdev # javascript # typescript # programming Rockpack 2.0 Official Release # react # javascript # webdev # showdev Project Structure. Repository and folders. 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Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. CONTACT US If you have any questions about our privacy practices or this Privacy Policy, or to exercise your rights as detailed in this Privacy Policy, please contact us at: support@dev.to . 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem Core — Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem Core © 2016 - 2026. Community building community Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://bun.sh | Bun — A fast all-in-one JavaScript runtime Bun is joining Anthropic & Anthropic is betting on Bun → Build Docs Reference Guides Blog Discord Bun v1.3.6 Bun.Archive API for creating & extracting tarballs with gzip compression, Bun.JSONC for parsing JSON with comments, metafile & files options in ... Bun v1.3.5 Bun.Terminal API, compile-time feature flags, improved Bun.stringWidth accuracy, V8 C++ value type checking APIs, Content-Disposition support fo... Bun v1.3.4 URLPattern API, Fake Timers for bun:test, Custom Proxy Headers in fetch(),console.log %j format, http.Agent connection pooling fix, Standalone e... Bun v1.3.3 CompressionStream and DecompressionStream, Control .env and bunfig.toml loading in standalone executables, `retry` and `repeats` in `bun:test`, ... Bun v1.3.2 Hoisted installs restored as default for backward compatibility. CPU profiling with --cpu-prof, faster installs for packages with post-install s... Bun v1.3.1 2× faster bun build on macOS for symlink-heavy projects, source maps preserve legal comments, and --format=cjs now inlines import.meta; bun test... Build Docs Reference Guides Blog Discord Bun v1.3.6 is here! → Bun is a fast JavaScript all-in-one toolkit | Bun is a fast, incrementally adoptable all-in-one JavaScript, TypeScript & JSX toolkit. Use individual tools like bun test or bun install in Node.js projects, or adopt the complete stack with a fast JavaScript runtime, bundler, test runner , and package manager built in. Bun aims for 100% Node.js compatibility. Install Bun v1.3.6 Linux & macOS Windows View install script curl -fsSL https://bun.sh/install | bash powershell -c " irm bun.sh/install.ps1 | iex " USED BY Bundler Express Postgres WebSockets Bundling 10,000 React components Build time in milliseconds (Linux x64, Hetzner) Bun v1.3.0 269.1 ms Rolldown v1.0.0-beta.42 494.9 ms esbuild v0.25.10 571.9 ms Farm v1.0.5 1,608 ms Rspack v1.5.8 2,137 ms View benchmark → Express.js 'hello world' HTTP requests per second (Linux x64) bun: 59,026 requests per second 59,026 deno: 25,335 requests per second 25,335 node: 19,039 requests per second 19,039 Bun v1.2 Deno v2.1.6 Node.js v23.6.0 View benchmark → WebSocket chat server Messages sent per second (Linux x64, 32 clients) bun: 2,536,227 messages sent per second 2,536,227 deno: 1,320,525 messages sent per second 1,320,525 node: 435,099 messages sent per second 435,099 Bun.serve() v1.2 Deno.serve() v1.2.6 ws (Node.js) v23.6.0 View benchmark → Load a huge table Queries per second. 100 rows x 100 parallel queries bun: 28,571 queries per second 28,571 node: 14,522 queries per second 14,522 deno: 11,169 queries per second 11,169 Bun v1.2.22 Node.js v24.8.0 Deno v2.5.1 View benchmark → Four tools, one toolkit Use them together as an all-in-one toolkit, or adopt them incrementally. bun test works in Node.js projects. bun install can be used as the fastest npm client. Each tool stands on its own. JavaScript Runtime Starts 3x faster than Node.js A fast JavaScript runtime designed as a drop-in replacement for Node.js $ bun ./index.ts ✓ Node.js API compatibility ✓ TypeScript, JSX & React (zero config) ✓ Comprehensive builtin standard library ✓ PostgreSQL, Redis, MySQL, SQLite ✓ Hot & watch mode built-in ✓ Environment variables with .env REPLACES Node.js Package Manager 30x faster Install packages up to 30x faster than npm with a global cache and workspaces $ bun install ✓ Simple migration from npm/pnpm/yarn ✓ Eliminate phantom dependencies ✓ Workspaces, monorepos ✓ Lifecycle scripts & postinstall handling ✓ Dependency auditing with bun audit ✓ Block malicious packages Replaces NPM Test Runner Replaces Jest & Vitest Jest-compatible test runner with built-in code coverage and watch mode $ bun test ✓ Jest-compatible expect() API ✓ Snapshot testing ✓ Watch mode & lifecycle hooks ✓ DOM APIs via happy-dom ✓ Concurrent test execution ✓ Built-in code coverage Replaces Vitest Bundler Replaces Vite and esbuild Bundle TypeScript, JSX, React & CSS for both browsers and servers $ bun build ./app.tsx ✓ TypeScript & JSX built-in (no config) ✓ CSS imports & bundling ✓ React support out of the box ✓ Build for the browser, Bun, and Node.js ✓ Single-file executables ✓ .html, .css, .ts, .tsx, .jsx & more Replaces Vite Who uses Bun? Claude Code uses Bun Bun's single file executables & fast start times are great for CLIs. Learn about single file executables Railway Functions powered by Bun Bun's all-in-one toolkit makes Railway's serverless functions fast and easy to use. Deploy on Railway Midjourney uses Bun Bun's built-in WebSocket server helps Midjourney publish image generation notifications at scale. Learn about Bun's WebSocket server What's different about Bun? Bun provides extensive builtin APIs and tooling Builtin Core Features Essential runtime capabilities Bun Node Deno Node.js compatibility Aiming to be a drop-in replacement for Node.js apps Web Standard APIs Support for web standard APIs like fetch , URL , EventTarget , Headers , etc. Powered by WebCore (from WebKit/Safari) Native Addons Call C-compatible native code from JavaScript Bun.ffi, NAPI, partial V8 C++ API TypeScript First-class support, including "paths" enum namespace JSX First-class support without configuration Module loader plugins Plugin API for importing/requiring custom file types `Bun.plugin` works in browsers & Bun 3 different loader APIs. Server-side only Builtin APIs Built-in performance and native APIs designed for production Bun Node Deno PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite drivers Connect to any SQL database with one fast, unified API Fastest available, with query pipelining S3 Cloud Storage driver Upload and download from S3-compatible storage, built-in Fastest available Redis client Redis client built into Bun with Pub/Sub support WebSocket server (including pub/sub) WebSocket server built into Bun.serve() with backpressure handling `Bun.serve()` HTTP server Lightning-fast HTTP server built into Bun Bun.serve() HTTP router Route HTTP requests with dynamic paths and wildcards, built into Bun.serve() Bun.serve({routes: {'/api/:path': (req) => { ... }}}}) Single-file executables Compile your app to a standalone executable that runs anywhere bun build --compile with cross-compilation & code signing No native addons, embedded files, cross-compilation or bytecode. Multi-step process. No native addons, no cross-compilation YAML YAML is a first-class citizen in Bun, just like JSON Bun.YAML & import from .yaml files Cookies API Parse and set cookies with zero overhead using a Map-like API request.cookies Map-like API Encrypted Secrets Storage Store secrets securely using your OS's native keychain Bun.secrets (Keychain/libsecret/Windows Credential Manager) Builtin Tooling Built-in developer tooling Bun Node Deno npm package management Install, manage, and publish npm-compatible dependencies With catalogs, isolated installs, bun audit, bun why Limited features Bundler Build production-ready code for frontend & backend Bun.build Cross-platform $ shell API Native bash-like shell for cross-platform shell scripting `Bun.$` Requires 'dax' Jest-compatible test runner Testing library compatible with the most popular testing framework bun test with VS Code integration & concurrent execution Hot reloading (server) Reload your backend without disconnecting connections, preserving state bun --hot Monorepo support Install workspaces packages and run commands across workspaces bun run --filter=package-glob ... Frontend Development Server Run modern frontend apps with a fully-featured dev server bun ./index.html Formatter & Linter Built-in formatter and linter Builtin Utilities APIs that make your life easier as a developer Bun Node Deno Password & Hashing APIs bcrypt , argon2 , and non-cryptographic hash functions `Bun.password` & `Bun.hash` String Width API Calculate the width of a string as displayed in the terminal Bun.stringWidth Glob API Glob patterns for file matching Bun.Glob fs.promises.glob Semver API Compare and sort semver strings Bun.semver CSS color conversion API Convert between CSS color formats Bun.color CSRF API Generate and verify CSRF tokens Bun.CSRF Everything you need to build & ship Production-ready APIs and tools, built into Bun HTTP & WebSockets Bun.serve() HTTP & WebSocket server routes Built-in routing with dynamic paths request.cookies Zero-overhead cookie parsing Databases Bun.sql PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite Bun.s3 S3-compatible cloud storage Bun.redis Redis client with Pub/Sub File System Bun.file() Fast file reading & streaming Bun.Glob Fast file pattern matching Bun.write() Write files efficiently Testing bun test Jest-compatible test runner snapshots Snapshot testing built-in expect() Jest-compatible assertions Build & Deploy bun build Fast bundler with tree-shaking --compile Single-file executables --hot Hot reload without restarts TypeScript & DX TypeScript & JSX No config required import "*.yaml" YAML & TOML imports import "*.css" CSS & asset imports Security Bun.password bcrypt, argon2 hashing Bun.CSRF CSRF token generation Bun.secrets OS keychain integration System Integration Bun.$ Cross-platform shell scripting Bun.spawn() Spawn child processes bun:ffi Call native C/C++ libraries Utilities Bun.hash() Fast hashing utilities Bun.semver Version comparison Bun.escapeHTML() HTML escaping & sanitization $ bun run Bun is a JavaScript runtime. Bun is a new JavaScript runtime built from scratch to serve the modern JavaScript ecosystem. It has three major design goals: Speed. Bun starts fast and runs fast. It extends JavaScriptCore, the performance-minded JS engine built for Safari. Fast start times mean fast apps and fast APIs. Elegant APIs. Bun provides a minimal set of highly-optimized APIs for performing common tasks, like starting an HTTP server and writing files. Cohesive DX. Bun is a complete toolkit for building JavaScript apps, including a package manager, test runner, and bundler. Bun is designed as a drop-in replacement for Node.js. It natively implements thousands of Node.js and Web APIs, including fs , path , Buffer and more. The goal of Bun is to run most of the world's server-side JavaScript and provide tools to improve performance, reduce complexity, and multiply developer productivity. Bun works with Next.js Lee Robinson VP of Developer Experience at Cursor (Anysphere) app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx import { s3 , $ , sql } from "bun" ; export default async function BlogPage ( { params } ) { const [ post ] = await sql ` SELECT title , image_key , content FROM posts WHERE slug = $ { params . slug } ` ; const imgUrl = s3 . file ( post . image_key ). presign ( { ••• expiresIn : 3600 } ); const wordCount = await $ ` echo $ { post . content } | wc -w ` ; return ( < div > < h1 > { post . title } </ h1 > < img src = { imgUrl } / > < p > Word count: { wordCount } </ p > </ div > ); } Full speed full-stack Fast frontend apps with Bun's built-in high performance development server and production bundler. You've never seen hot-reloading this fast! Develop and ship frontend apps Bun's built-in bundler and dev server make frontend development fast and simple. Develop with instant hot reload, then ship optimized production builds—all with zero configuration. $ bun init --react Start a dev server Run bun ./index.html to start a dev server. TypeScript, JSX, React, and CSS imports work out of the box. Hot Module Replacement Built-in HMR preserves application state during development. Changes appear instantly—no manual refresh needed. Build for production Build optimized bundles with bun build ./index.html --production . Tree-shaking, minification, and code splitting work out of the box. Learn more about frontend with Bun → $ bun install Bun is an npm-compatible package manager. Bun pnpm 17x slower npm 29x slower Yarn 33x slower Installing dependencies from cache for a Remix app. View benchmark Replace yarn with bun install to get 30x faster package installs. Try it $ bun test Bun is a test runner that makes the rest look like test walkers. Bun Vitest 5x slower Jest+SWC 8x slower Jest+tsjest 18x slower Jest+Babel 20x slower Replace jest with bun test to run your tests 10-30x faster. Try it The APIs you need. Baked in. Start an HTTP server Start a WebSocket server Read and write files Hash a password Frontend dev server Write a test Query PostgreSQL Use Redis Import YAML Set cookies Run a shell script Call a C function index.tsx import { sql, serve } from " bun " ; const server = serve ({ port : 3000 , routes : { " / " : new Response ( " Welcome to Bun! " ), " /api/users " : async ( req ) => { const users = await sql `SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10` ; return Response. json ({ users }); }, }, }); console. log ( `Listening on localhost: ${ server.port } ` ); index.tsx const server = Bun. serve <{ authToken : string ; }>({ fetch ( req , server ) { // use a library to parse cookies const cookies = parseCookies (req.headers. get ( " Cookie " )); server. upgrade (req, { data : { authToken : cookies[ ' X-Token ' ] }, }); }, websocket : { // handler called when a message is received async message ( ws , message ) { console. log ( `Received: ${ message } ` ); const user = getUserFromToken (ws.data.authToken); await db.Message. insert ({ message : String (message), userId : user.id, }); }, }, }); console. log ( `Listening on localhost: ${ server.port } ` ); index.tsx const file = Bun. file ( import .meta.dir + ' /package.json ' ); // BunFile const pkg = await file. json (); // BunFile extends Blob pkg.name = ' my-package ' ; pkg.version = ' 1.0.0 ' ; await Bun. write (file, JSON . stringify (pkg, null , 2 )); index.tsx const password = " super-secure-pa$$word " ; const hash = await Bun.password. hash (password); // => $argon2id$v=19$m=65536,t=2,p=1$tFq+9AVr1bfPxQdh... const isMatch = await Bun.password. verify (password, hash); // => true server.ts // Run 'bun init --react' to get started import { serve } from " bun " ; import reactApp from " ./index.html " ; serve ({ port : 3000 , routes : { " / " : reactApp, " /api/hello " : () => Response. json ({ message : " Hello! " }), }, development : { console : true , // Stream browser logs to terminal hmr : true , // Enable hot module reloading }, }); index.test.tsx import { test, expect } from " bun:test " ; // Run tests concurrently for better performance test. concurrent ( " fetch user 1 " , async () => { const res = await fetch ( " https://api.example.com/users/1 " ); expect (res.status). toBe ( 200 ); }); test. concurrent ( " fetch user 2 " , async () => { const res = await fetch ( " https://api.example.com/users/2 " ); expect (res.status). toBe ( 200 ); }); test ( " addition " , () => { expect ( 2 + 2 ). toBe ( 4 ); }); index.tsx import { sql } from " bun " ; // Query with automatic SQL injection prevention const users = await sql ` SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = ${ true } LIMIT 10 ` ; // Insert with object notation const [user] = await sql ` INSERT INTO users ${ sql ( { name : " Alice " , email : " alice@example.com " } ) } RETURNING * ` ; config.yaml // Import YAML files directly import config from " ./config.yaml " ; console. log (config.database.host); // => "localhost" // Or parse YAML at runtime const data = Bun. YAML . parse ( ` name: my-app version: 1.0.0 database: host: localhost port: 5432 ` ); index.tsx import { serve } from " bun " ; serve ({ port : 3000 , routes : { " / " : ( request ) => { // Read cookies with built-in parsing const sessionId = request.cookies. get ( " session_id " ); // Set cookies request.cookies. set ( " session_id " , " abc123 " , { path : " / " , httpOnly : true , secure : true , }); return Response. json ({ success : true }); }, }, }); index.tsx import { redis } from " bun " ; // Set a key await redis. set ( " greeting " , " Hello from Bun! " ); console. log (db. query ( " SELECT 1 as x " ). get ()); // { x: 1 } index.tsx import { $ } from ' bun ' ; // Run a shell command (also works on Windows!) await $ `echo "Hello, world!"` ; const response = await fetch ( " https://example.com " ); // Pipe the response body to gzip const data = await $ `gzip < ${ response } ` . arrayBuffer (); index.tsx import { dlopen, FFIType, suffix } from " bun:ffi " ; // `suffix` is either "dylib", "so", or "dll" depending on the platform const path = `libsqlite3. ${ suffix } ` ; const { symbols : { sqlite3_libversion, // the function to call }, } = dlopen (path, { sqlite3_libversion : { args : [], // no arguments returns : FFIType.cstring, // returns a string }, }); console. log ( `SQLite 3 version: ${ sqlite3_libversion () } ` ); Learn more Documentation Get started with Bun and learn how to use all of its features API Reference Explore the complete API reference for Bun's runtime and toolkit Developers love Bun. Sainder Jan 17 @Sainder_Pradipt Bun Lic Jan 18 @Lik228 bun Martin Navrátil Jan 17 @martin_nav_ Bun.... SaltyAom Jan 17 @saltyAom bun reaxios Jan 17 @reaxios bun install bun kyge Jan 17 @0xkyge bun James Landrum Jan 17 @JamesRLandrum Node orlowdev Jan 17 @orlowdev Yeah, bun, but my code does not have dependencies. hola Jan 17 @jdggggyujhbc bun std::venom Jan 17 @std_venom Bun tiago Jan 19 @tiagorangel23 should have used Bun instead of npm Sainder Jan 17 @Sainder_Pradipt Bun Lic Jan 18 @Lik228 bun Martin Navrátil Jan 17 @martin_nav_ Bun.... SaltyAom Jan 17 @saltyAom bun reaxios Jan 17 @reaxios bun install bun kyge Jan 17 @0xkyge bun James Landrum Jan 17 @JamesRLandrum Node orlowdev Jan 17 @orlowdev Yeah, bun, but my code does not have dependencies. hola Jan 17 @jdggggyujhbc bun std::venom Jan 17 @std_venom Bun tiago Jan 19 @tiagorangel23 should have used Bun instead of npm 46officials Jan 19 @46officials Bun yuki Jan 19 @staticdots Bun Stefan Jan 17 @stefangarofalo Bun Samuel Jan 17 @samueldans0 Bun always Divin Prince Jan 17 @divinprnc Yeah Bun Gibson Jan 16 @GibsonSMurray bun Oggie Sutrisna Jan 16 @oggiesutrisna bun emanon Jan 16 @0x_emanon ✅ bun yuki Jan 16 @staticdots bun SpiritBear Jan 16 @0xSpiritBear bun Ayu Jan 12 @Ayuu2809 Bun good 🧅 46officials Jan 19 @46officials Bun yuki Jan 19 @staticdots Bun Stefan Jan 17 @stefangarofalo Bun Samuel Jan 17 @samueldans0 Bun always Divin Prince Jan 17 @divinprnc Yeah Bun Gibson Jan 16 @GibsonSMurray bun Oggie Sutrisna Jan 16 @oggiesutrisna bun emanon Jan 16 @0x_emanon ✅ bun yuki Jan 16 @staticdots bun SpiritBear Jan 16 @0xSpiritBear bun Ayu Jan 12 @Ayuu2809 Bun good 🧅 Hirbod Jan 19 @hirbod_dev For everything. Yes. I even run with bunx expo run:ios etc Luis Paolini Jan 18 @DigitalLuiggi Jus use @bunjavascript buraks Jan 18 @buraks____ I use bun patch and I love it! fahadali Jan 8 @fahadali503 Bun Aiden Bai Jan 1 @aidenybai 2025 will be the year of JS/TS and @bunjavascript is why Catalin Jan 1 @catalinmpit Bun is goated MadMax Jan 3 @dr__madmax @bunjavascript is yet to get enough appreciation it deserves. Baggi/e Jan 3 @ManiSohi Performant TS/JS backend needs more love Elysia for the win Michael Feldstein Dec 18 @msfeldstein holy shit bun is the solution to spending all day mucking around with typescript/module/commonjs/import bullshit and just running scripts Hirbod Jan 19 @hirbod_dev For everything. Yes. I even run with bunx expo run:ios etc Luis Paolini Jan 18 @DigitalLuiggi Jus use @bunjavascript buraks Jan 18 @buraks____ I use bun patch and I love it! fahadali Jan 8 @fahadali503 Bun Aiden Bai Jan 1 @aidenybai 2025 will be the year of JS/TS and @bunjavascript is why Catalin Jan 1 @catalinmpit Bun is goated MadMax Jan 3 @dr__madmax @bunjavascript is yet to get enough appreciation it deserves. Baggi/e Jan 3 @ManiSohi Performant TS/JS backend needs more love Elysia for the win Michael Feldstein Dec 18 @msfeldstein holy shit bun is the solution to spending all day mucking around with typescript/module/commonjs/import bullshit and just running scripts Resources Reference Docs Guides Discord Merch Store GitHub Blog Toolkit Runtime Package manager Test runner Bundler Package runner Project Bun 1.0 Bun 1.1 Bun 1.2 Bun 1.3 Roadmap Contributing License Baked with ❤️ in San Francisco We're hiring → | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://design.forem.com/per-starke-642 | Per Starke - Design Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Follow User actions Per Starke Worldwide Traveller 🌍 Founder of Per Starke Web Development (PSWD). We build momentum for purpose-driven people — with calm, structure & trust. Web Momentum that Starts with You. Location Germany Joined Joined on Oct 31, 2023 Personal website https://perstarke-webdev.de/ Education B.Sc. CogSci (Germany) + M.Sc. Applied CompSci (Sydney), focused on digital systems & behavior Pronouns He/Him Work Founder @ PSWD | R&D @ Vorwerk | Athlete | Building digital momentum with clarity & care More info about @per-starke-642 Badges Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Skills/Languages Python, HTML, CSS, JS, Liquid, Jekyll, CMS, Webflow, SEO, UX, AI tooling, cognitive science, structured thinking, clean dev workflows, emotional intelligence Currently learning Exploring cognitive principles for better UX, building a value-driven dev brand, and using the OpenAI API to power smarter tools. Also deep-diving into marketing, SEO & digital clarity. Currently hacking on Crafting websites that actually help people grow. Writing blog posts on design + trust. Testing ways to blend psychology & structure for high-impact, human-first websites. Available for Let’s chat about meaningful web design, AI tooling, digital ethics, sports, psychology, or remote adventures. Always open to big ideas, thoughtful questions & creative collabs. Post 12 posts published Comment 98 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Advanced SEO Explained: How We Handle It (and What It Really Means) Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Dec 24 '25 Advanced SEO Explained: How We Handle It (and What It Really Means) # seo # marketing # digitalmarketing # website Comments Add Comment 11 min read Want to connect with Per Starke? Create an account to connect with Per Starke. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Why Most Sports Coaching Websites Don’t Work - And How to Fix Yours Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Nov 7 '25 Why Most Sports Coaching Websites Don’t Work - And How to Fix Yours # webdesign # design # coaching # websites Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Most Sports Coaching Websites Don’t Work, And How to Fix Yours Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Nov 7 '25 Why Most Sports Coaching Websites Don’t Work, And How to Fix Yours # sports # webdesign # coaching # business Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Sports Coach Website Strategy Canvas: Your Coaching Business on One Page Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Nov 1 '25 The Sports Coach Website Strategy Canvas: Your Coaching Business on One Page # webdesign # coaching # webdev # business Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Personality Matters on Your Website – Even for Large Companies and Non-Personal Brands Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Oct 23 '25 Why Personality Matters on Your Website – Even for Large Companies and Non-Personal Brands # webdesign # trust # personality # freelancing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Why Your Website Should Evolve With You (and How) Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Oct 23 '25 Why Your Website Should Evolve With You (and How) # cms # webdesign # uidesign # copywriting Comments Add Comment 7 min read Call-to-Actions Done Right: The Ultimate CTA Guide for More Engagement Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Oct 23 '25 Call-to-Actions Done Right: The Ultimate CTA Guide for More Engagement # cta # design # webdesign # uidesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read Your Sports Coaching Website Doesn’t Work For You? Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Oct 23 '25 Your Sports Coaching Website Doesn’t Work For You? # coach # portfolio # freelancing # webdesign Comments Add Comment 2 min read Introducing PSWD: A New Kind of Web Partner for Vision-Led Businesses Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Oct 23 '25 Introducing PSWD: A New Kind of Web Partner for Vision-Led Businesses # landingpages # webdesign # uidesign # userex Comments Add Comment 3 min read Website Red Flags You Might Be Overlooking (And Visitors Notice) Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Oct 23 '25 Website Red Flags You Might Be Overlooking (And Visitors Notice) # seo # webdesign # design # userflows Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Build Trust on Your Website - My Go-To Checklist for Authentic, High-Impact Websites Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Oct 23 '25 How to Build Trust on Your Website - My Go-To Checklist for Authentic, High-Impact Websites # webdesign # trust # devhandoff # htmlcss Comments 2 comments 5 min read Why ‘Best in UAE’ (and other empty claims) Lose Client Trust and What to Write Instead Per Starke Per Starke Per Starke Follow Oct 23 '25 Why ‘Best in UAE’ (and other empty claims) Lose Client Trust and What to Write Instead # webdesign # freelancertips # clientrelations # brandtrust 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Design Community — Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/olegkoval/33-million-accounts-exposed-what-the-conde-nast-breach-teaches-engineering-leaders-53on#comments | 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condé Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ed Posted on Dec 28, 2025 • Originally published at olko.substack.com on Dec 28, 2025 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condé Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders # leadership # privacy # security Here’s what happened, what went wrong, and the concrete steps you should implement Monday morning. The Breach in Brief An attacker exploiting multiple vulnerabilities in Condé Nast’s systems exfiltrated data on 33 million user accounts across their publication portfolio - including WIRED, Vogue, The New Yorker, and others. The compromised data included email addresses, names, phone numbers, physical addresses, gender, and usernames. The attacker initially posed as a security researcher seeking responsible disclosure. When Condé Nast failed to respond for weeks, 2.3 million WIRED records ended up leaked publicly and indexed by Have I Been Pwned. As of this writing, Condé Nast has issued no public statement. [ ]( https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1765410845769-9c931a7728b7?fm=jpg&q=60&w=3000&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D ) Thanks for reading Olko - Tech/Engineering! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Five Systemic Failures 1. No Vulnerability Disclosure Infrastructure Condé Nast—a multi-billion dollar media conglomerate—had no security.txt file. No clear process for reporting vulnerabilities. The attacker spent days trying to find someone to contact. This is inexcusable for any organization handling user data, let alone 33 million accounts. 2. Zero Response to Disclosure Attempts Multiple contact attempts via email and through WIRED staff went unanswered for weeks. The security team only engaged after a third-party blogger intervened repeatedly. This silence transformed a potential controlled disclosure into a public breach. 3. API Authorization Failures at Scale The vulnerabilities reportedly allowed attackers to view any account’s information and change any account’s email and password. This pattern—IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference) combined with broken access controls—suggests fundamental failures in API security architecture. When an attacker can enumerate 33 million records, you don’t have a vulnerability. You have an architectural deficiency. 4. No Rate Limiting or Anomaly Detection Downloading 33 million user records takes time and generates traffic. Either no monitoring existed, or alerts were ignored. Both scenarios indicate operational blind spots. 5. Post-Breach Silence Even after data appeared on breach forums and HIBP, Condé Nast issued no public acknowledgment. Users whose data was exposed learned about it from security bloggers, not the company entrusted with their information. Prevention Checklist for Engineering Leaders Disclosure Infrastructure (Implement This Week) Deploy a security.txt file at /.well-known/security.txt with contact email, PGP key, and expected response timeframe Establish a dedicated security@ alias routed to a monitored, triaged queue—not a black hole Define SLAs: acknowledge within 24 hours, triage within 72 hours, remediation timeline within 7 days Consider a vulnerability disclosure program (VDP) or bug bounty—even a modest one signals maturity API Security Architecture (Q1 Priority) Audit all endpoints for authorization checks: never rely on obscurity of IDs Implement rate limiting per endpoint, per user, and per IP—with graduated responses Enforce object-level authorization: every request must validate the authenticated user has permission to access the specific resource Deploy anomaly detection on bulk data access patterns: 33 million sequential reads should trigger alerts within minutes Incident Response Readiness Document and drill an incident response playbook quarterly Pre-draft breach notification templates for regulators and affected users—you won’t have time during a crisis Establish a cross-functional incident team: engineering, legal, communications, and executive sponsor Define escalation triggers and communication protocols before you need them Monitoring and Detection Log all authentication events, password changes, and bulk data access Alert on mass enumeration patterns: sequential ID access, unusual query volumes, scraping signatures Implement honeypot records in your database that trigger alerts when accessed Conduct purple team exercises: have your own team attempt exfiltration and measure detection time The Organizational Dimension Technical controls matter, but this breach also exposed cultural failures. When disclosure attempts go unanswered for weeks, it signals that security is someone else’s problem—or no one’s. Lead engineers must ensure that vulnerability reports reach people empowered to act, not bureaucratic dead ends. When breaches happen (and they will), the first hour matters. Having legal and communications aligned in advance isn’t optional. The absence of any public statement from Condé Nast isn’t prudent caution—it’s reputational damage compounding daily. What This Means for Your Organization The Condé Nast breach wasn’t caused by zero-days or nation-state actors. It was caused by missing basics: no disclosure process, unmonitored APIs, and organizational silence. If you’re a lead engineer or responsible person, ask yourself: Can a security researcher contact us easily right now? Would we know if someone was enumerating our user database? Do we have a communication plan ready for breach disclosure? If the answer to any of these is “no” or “I’m not sure,” you have work to do. The attackers aren’t getting less sophisticated. But in this case, they didn’t need to be. What’s your organization’s disclosure process? I’m curious how other engineering teams handle vulnerability reports—especially at scale. Drop a comment or reply. Leave a comment Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ed Follow I am a Software Engineer, comfortable and experienced working with the back-end. Over several years of experience, developed a great sense for quality and best practices. Location Amsterdam Work Lead engineer @ Bizcuit.nl Joined Apr 17, 2019 Trending on DEV Community Hot AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/crisiscoresystems/testing-the-testing-validating-that-your-crisis-simulation-actually-matches-reality-6df | Test Your Tests: Does Your Crisis Simulation Match Reality? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse CrisisCore-Systems Posted on Jan 7 Test Your Tests: Does Your Crisis Simulation Match Reality? # testing # a11y # healthcare # react CrisisCore Build Log (11 Part Series) 1 Two People, Same Body: A Developer's Crisis Architecture 2 The False Positive Problem: Calibrating Crisis Detection Without Becoming The Boy Who Cried Wolf ... 7 more parts... 3 How to Test “User Is in Crisis” Without Treating Humans Like Mock Objects 4 The Ethics of Simulation: How to Test Trauma-Informed Features Without Exploiting Real Pain 5 Visual Regression for Adaptive Interfaces: Testing That Crisis Mode Actually Looks Different 6 Privacy-Preserving Analytics: Proving You Can Measure Without Identity 7 Performance Under Pressure: Crisis Detection Without UI Lag 8 Testing Across the Stack: UI Storage Encryption Offline Resilience 9 When Crises Stack: Testing Co-Occurrence Without Cascading Failures 10 Test Your Tests: Does Your Crisis Simulation Match Reality? 11 Testing Recovery: Proving Your App Helps People Stabilize Part 5 of CrisisCore Build Log — Start here: https://dev.to/crisiscoresystems/testing-privacy-preserving-analytics-verifying-that-insights-dont-leak-identity-e37 How do you know your simulated distress signals actually correlate with real distress? We've built elaborate crisis simulations. We generate panic attack navigation patterns. We simulate dissociation inactivity. We create sensory overload preference churning. Our test suites pass beautifully. If you want privacy-first, offline health tech to exist without surveillance funding it: sponsor the build → https://paintracker.ca/sponser But here's the uncomfortable question: are we testing against reality, or against our own assumptions about reality? If our simulations are wrong—if real panic attacks don't actually look like our simulated panic attacks—then our passing tests give us false confidence. We're testing that our system detects what we think crises look like, not what crises actually look like. This is the meta-problem of simulation testing: validating the validity of our validations. The Ground Truth Problem In most testing, ground truth is clear. A button either works or it doesn't. A calculation is either correct or incorrect. For crisis detection, ground truth is murky: We can't ethically induce real crises for testing Self-reported crisis states are unreliable (people in crisis aren't filing accurate reports) Even clinical assessments happen after the fact, not during the crisis So how do we validate our simulations against reality we can't directly observe? interface ValidationChallenge { // The core epistemological problem whatWeWant : ' Simulations that match real crisis patterns ' ; whatWeHave : ' Simulations based on our assumptions about crisis patterns ' ; theGap : ' No direct observation of real-time crisis states ' ; // Indirect validation strategies strategies : [ ' Retrospective pattern matching ' , ' Anonymized aggregate analysis ' , ' Clinical correlation studies ' , ' User feedback loops ' , ' Signal fidelity metrics ' ]; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Retrospective Pattern Matching We can't watch crises happen, but we can look at sessions that ended with crisis-related outcomes: interface RetrospectiveValidation { // Sessions where we KNOW crisis occurred (from user-reported outcomes) knownCrisisSessions : SessionData []; // Our simulated crisis sessions simulatedCrisisSessions : SessionData []; // How well do they match? signalOverlap : number ; // What % of signals appear in both? signalDistribution : number ; // How similar are the distributions? temporalPattern : number ; // Does timing match? missingSignals : string []; // What real signals are we not simulating? extraSignals : string []; // What are we simulating that doesn't appear in reality? } class RetrospectiveValidator { async validateSimulations (): Promise < ValidationReport > { // Get sessions that ended with crisis resource access or app abandonment // during known difficult times (with user consent for research) const knownDifficultSessions = await this . getConsentedDifficultSessions (); // Extract signal patterns const realPatterns = this . extractSignalPatterns ( knownDifficultSessions ); // Generate equivalent simulated sessions const simulatedSessions = this . generateSimulatedSessions ( knownDifficultSessions . length ); const simulatedPatterns = this . extractSignalPatterns ( simulatedSessions ); // Compare return { signalOverlap : this . calculateOverlap ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ), distributionMatch : this . compareDistributions ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ), missingSignals : this . findMissingSignals ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ), extraSignals : this . findExtraSignals ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ), recommendations : this . generateRecommendations ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ) }; } private extractSignalPatterns ( sessions : SessionData []): SignalPatternProfile { const profile : SignalPatternProfile = { navigationPatterns : {}, inputPatterns : {}, temporalPatterns : {}, featureUsage : {}, exitPatterns : {} }; for ( const session of sessions ) { // Extract navigation entropy const navEntropy = this . calculateNavigationEntropy ( session . navigationEvents ); this . addToDistribution ( profile . navigationPatterns , ' entropy ' , navEntropy ); // Extract input patterns const inputChaos = this . calculateInputChaos ( session . inputEvents ); this . addToDistribution ( profile . inputPatterns , ' chaos ' , inputChaos ); // Extract timing patterns const avgTimeBetweenActions = this . calculateAvgActionInterval ( session ); this . addToDistribution ( profile . temporalPatterns , ' interval ' , avgTimeBetweenActions ); // Extract feature usage for ( const feature of session . featuresAccessed ) { profile . featureUsage [ feature ] = ( profile . featureUsage [ feature ] || 0 ) + 1 ; } // Extract exit patterns this . addToDistribution ( profile . exitPatterns , session . exitType , 1 ); } return profile ; } private findMissingSignals ( real : SignalPatternProfile , simulated : SignalPatternProfile ): string [] { const missing : string [] = []; // Find signals that appear in real data but not in simulations for ( const [ signal , frequency ] of Object . entries ( real . featureUsage )) { if ( ! simulated . featureUsage [ signal ] && frequency > real . totalSessions * 0.1 ) { missing . push ( `feature: ${ signal } ` ); } } // Check for navigation patterns we're not simulating for ( const [ pattern , distribution ] of Object . entries ( real . navigationPatterns )) { if ( ! simulated . navigationPatterns [ pattern ]) { missing . push ( `navigation: ${ pattern } ` ); } } return missing ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Signal Fidelity Scoring We quantify how well our simulations match reality: interface SignalFidelityScore { overall : number ; // 0-1 overall match quality dimensions : { signalPresence : number ; // Do we simulate the right signals? signalAbsence : number ; // Do we correctly NOT simulate false signals? distributionMatch : number ; // Do signal intensities match? temporalMatch : number ; // Does timing match? sequenceMatch : number ; // Do signals occur in realistic order? }; problematicAreas : { signal : string ; issue : ' missing ' | ' over-represented ' | ' wrong-timing ' | ' wrong-intensity ' ; realValue : number ; simulatedValue : number ; impact : ' low ' | ' medium ' | ' high ' ; }[]; } class SignalFidelityAnalyzer { calculateFidelity ( realPatterns : SignalPatternProfile , simulatedPatterns : SignalPatternProfile ): SignalFidelityScore { const presence = this . scoreSignalPresence ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ); const absence = this . scoreSignalAbsence ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ); const distribution = this . scoreDistributionMatch ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ); const temporal = this . scoreTemporalMatch ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ); const sequence = this . scoreSequenceMatch ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ); const overall = ( presence * 0.25 + absence * 0.15 + distribution * 0.25 + temporal * 0.20 + sequence * 0.15 ); return { overall , dimensions : { signalPresence : presence , signalAbsence : absence , distributionMatch : distribution , temporalMatch : temporal , sequenceMatch : sequence }, problematicAreas : this . identifyProblems ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ) }; } private scoreDistributionMatch ( real : SignalPatternProfile , simulated : SignalPatternProfile ): number { // Use Kolmogorov-Smirnov test or similar to compare distributions const scores : number [] = []; for ( const dimension of [ ' navigationPatterns ' , ' inputPatterns ' , ' temporalPatterns ' ]) { const realDist = this . normalizeDistribution ( real [ dimension ]); const simDist = this . normalizeDistribution ( simulated [ dimension ]); const ksScore = this . kolmogorovSmirnovTest ( realDist , simDist ); scores . push ( 1 - ksScore ); // Lower KS = better match } return scores . reduce (( a , b ) => a + b , 0 ) / scores . length ; } private identifyProblems ( real : SignalPatternProfile , simulated : SignalPatternProfile ): SignalFidelityScore [ ' problematicAreas ' ] { const problems : SignalFidelityScore [ ' problematicAreas ' ] = []; // Check each signal type const allSignals = new Set ([ ... Object . keys ( real . featureUsage ), ... Object . keys ( simulated . featureUsage ) ]); for ( const signal of allSignals ) { const realFreq = real . featureUsage [ signal ] || 0 ; const simFreq = simulated . featureUsage [ signal ] || 0 ; const realNorm = realFreq / real . totalSessions ; const simNorm = simFreq / simulated . totalSessions ; if ( realFreq > 0 && simFreq === 0 ) { problems . push ({ signal , issue : ' missing ' , realValue : realNorm , simulatedValue : 0 , impact : realNorm > 0.3 ? ' high ' : realNorm > 0.1 ? ' medium ' : ' low ' }); } else if ( Math . abs ( realNorm - simNorm ) > 0.2 ) { problems . push ({ signal , issue : simNorm > realNorm ? ' over-represented ' : ' wrong-intensity ' , realValue : realNorm , simulatedValue : simNorm , impact : Math . abs ( realNorm - simNorm ) > 0.4 ? ' high ' : ' medium ' }); } } return problems ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode False Positive Calibration Our simulations should produce false positive rates that match reality: describe ( ' False Positive Calibration ' , () => { it ( ' simulated false positive rate matches real-world rate ' , async () => { // Get real-world false positive data (from user feedback) const realWorldData = await getFalsePositiveFeedback (); const realFPR = realWorldData . falsePositives / realWorldData . totalDetections ; // Run simulations designed to NOT trigger crisis const nonCrisisSimulations = generateNonCrisisSimulations ( 1000 ); const simulatedDetections = nonCrisisSimulations . filter ( sim => crisisDetector . analyze ( sim ). detectedCrisis !== null ); const simulatedFPR = simulatedDetections . length / 1000 ; // Simulated FPR should be within 20% of real FPR expect ( Math . abs ( simulatedFPR - realFPR ) / realFPR ). toBeLessThan ( 0.2 ); }); it ( ' false positive scenarios match real-world false positive patterns ' , async () => { // Get patterns that caused real false positives const realFalsePositives = await getRealFalsePositivePatterns (); // Check if our simulations include these patterns const coveredPatterns : string [] = []; const uncoveredPatterns : string [] = []; for ( const pattern of realFalsePositives ) { const simulation = findMatchingSimulation ( pattern ); if ( simulation ) { coveredPatterns . push ( pattern . type ); } else { uncoveredPatterns . push ( pattern . type ); } } // Should cover at least 80% of real false positive patterns const coverageRate = coveredPatterns . length / realFalsePositives . length ; expect ( coverageRate ). toBeGreaterThan ( 0.8 ); // Log uncovered patterns for future simulation development if ( uncoveredPatterns . length > 0 ) { console . log ( ' Uncovered false positive patterns: ' , uncoveredPatterns ); } }); }); class FalsePositiveCalibrator { async calibrate (): Promise < CalibrationResult > { const realData = await this . getRealWorldFalsePositiveData (); // Categorize real false positives const categories = this . categorizePatterns ( realData . falsePositives ); // Check simulation coverage for each category const coverage : Map < string , CoverageReport > = new Map (); for ( const [ category , patterns ] of categories ) { const simulations = this . getSimulationsForCategory ( category ); const matchRate = this . calculateMatchRate ( patterns , simulations ); coverage . set ( category , { realPatternCount : patterns . length , simulationCount : simulations . length , matchRate , missingPatterns : this . findMissingPatterns ( patterns , simulations ), recommendations : this . generateRecommendations ( category , matchRate ) }); } return { overallCalibration : this . calculateOverallCalibration ( coverage ), categoryReports : coverage , prioritizedActions : this . prioritizeActions ( coverage ) }; } private categorizePatterns ( falsePositives : FalsePositiveRecord []): Map < string , Pattern [] > { const categories = new Map < string , Pattern [] > (); for ( const fp of falsePositives ) { const category = this . inferCategory ( fp ); if ( ! categories . has ( category )) { categories . set ( category , []); } categories . get ( category ) ! . push ( fp . pattern ); } return categories ; } private inferCategory ( fp : FalsePositiveRecord ): string { // Categorize based on what caused the false positive if ( fp . userExplanation ?. includes ( ' new user ' )) return ' onboarding_exploration ' ; if ( fp . userExplanation ?. includes ( ' accident ' )) return ' accidental_input ' ; if ( fp . pattern . navigationEntropy > 0.7 ) return ' legitimate_fast_navigation ' ; if ( fp . pattern . inactivityDuration > 300000 ) return ' intentional_pause ' ; if ( fp . pattern . preferenceChanges > 5 ) return ' customization_session ' ; return ' unknown ' ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Missing Signal Detection The scariest gap: signals we're not even looking for. interface MissingSignalDetector { // What signals appear in real crisis sessions that we don't simulate? findUnknownSignals ( realSessions : SessionData []): UnknownSignal []; // What patterns correlate with crisis outcomes that we haven't modeled? discoverNewPatterns ( realSessions : SessionData []): DiscoveredPattern []; } class SignalDiscovery { async discoverMissingSignals (): Promise < DiscoveryReport > { const realCrisisSessions = await this . getConsentedCrisisSessions (); const realNonCrisisSessions = await this . getConsentedNonCrisisSessions (); // Extract ALL possible features from sessions const allFeatures = this . extractAllFeatures ( realCrisisSessions ); // Find features that differentiate crisis from non-crisis const discriminativeFeatures = this . findDiscriminativeFeatures ( realCrisisSessions , realNonCrisisSessions , allFeatures ); // Check which discriminative features we're already modeling const modeledFeatures = this . getModeledFeatures (); const missingFeatures = discriminativeFeatures . filter ( f => ! modeledFeatures . includes ( f . name ) ); return { discoveredSignals : missingFeatures , signalImportance : this . rankByImportance ( missingFeatures ), implementationPriority : this . prioritizeImplementation ( missingFeatures ), exampleSessions : this . findExampleSessions ( missingFeatures , realCrisisSessions ) }; } private extractAllFeatures ( sessions : SessionData []): string [] { const features = new Set < string > (); for ( const session of sessions ) { // Standard features features . add ( `nav_entropy_ ${ this . bucketize ( session . navigationEntropy )} ` ); features . add ( `session_duration_ ${ this . bucketize ( session . duration )} ` ); features . add ( `input_rate_ ${ this . bucketize ( session . inputRate )} ` ); // Derive new potential features features . add ( `time_of_day_ ${ this . getTimeOfDayBucket ( session . startTime )} ` ); features . add ( `day_of_week_ ${ new Date ( session . startTime ). getDay ()} ` ); features . add ( `session_since_last_ ${ this . bucketize ( session . timeSinceLastSession )} ` ); features . add ( `consecutive_days_ ${ session . consecutiveDaysActive } ` ); // Behavioral sequences const sequences = this . extractActionSequences ( session . actions ); for ( const seq of sequences ) { features . add ( `seq_ ${ seq } ` ); } // Feature co-occurrence for ( const f1 of session . featuresUsed ) { for ( const f2 of session . featuresUsed ) { if ( f1 < f2 ) { features . add ( `cooccur_ ${ f1 } _ ${ f2 } ` ); } } } } return Array . from ( features ); } private findDiscriminativeFeatures ( crisisSessions : SessionData [], nonCrisisSessions : SessionData [], allFeatures : string [] ): DiscriminativeFeature [] { const results : DiscriminativeFeature [] = []; for ( const feature of allFeatures ) { const crisisRate = this . calculateFeatureRate ( feature , crisisSessions ); const nonCrisisRate = this . calculateFeatureRate ( feature , nonCrisisSessions ); // Calculate discrimination power const rateRatio = crisisRate / ( nonCrisisRate + 0.001 ); const absoluteDiff = Math . abs ( crisisRate - nonCrisisRate ); // Feature is discriminative if it appears much more (or less) in crisis sessions if ( rateRatio > 2 || rateRatio < 0.5 || absoluteDiff > 0.2 ) { results . push ({ name : feature , crisisRate , nonCrisisRate , discriminationPower : Math . log ( rateRatio ), statisticalSignificance : this . calculateSignificance ( crisisRate , crisisSessions . length , nonCrisisRate , nonCrisisSessions . length ) }); } } return results . sort (( a , b ) => Math . abs ( b . discriminationPower ) - Math . abs ( a . discriminationPower ) ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Continuous Validation Loop We build an ongoing process of simulation improvement: interface ContinuousValidationLoop { // Daily: Check simulation fidelity against recent real data dailyFidelityCheck (): SignalFidelityScore ; // Weekly: Run false positive calibration weeklyCalibration (): CalibrationResult ; // Monthly: Discover new signals from accumulated data monthlySignalDiscovery (): DiscoveryReport ; // Quarterly: Full retrospective validation quarterlyValidation (): ValidationReport ; } class ValidationOrchestrator { async runContinuousValidation (): Promise < void > { // Schedule recurring validations schedule . daily ( async () => { const fidelity = await this . checkFidelity (); if ( fidelity . overall < 0.7 ) { await this . alertTeam ( ' Simulation fidelity dropped below threshold ' , fidelity ); } await this . logMetric ( ' simulation_fidelity ' , fidelity . overall ); }); schedule . weekly ( async () => { const calibration = await this . calibrateFalsePositives (); // Auto-generate test cases for uncovered patterns for ( const uncovered of calibration . uncoveredPatterns ) { await this . generateTestCase ( uncovered ); await this . createSimulationTicket ( uncovered ); } }); schedule . monthly ( async () => { const discovery = await this . discoverNewSignals (); // Prioritize implementation of discovered signals for ( const signal of discovery . prioritizedSignals . slice ( 0 , 5 )) { await this . createImplementationTicket ( signal ); } }); } private async generateTestCase ( pattern : UncoveredPattern ): Promise < void > { const testCase = ` it('detects ${ pattern . name } pattern', () => { const session = createSessionWithPattern({ ${ pattern . features . map ( f => ` ${ f . name } : ${ f . exampleValue } ` ). join ( ' , \n ' )} }); const result = crisisDetector.analyze(session); // TODO: Determine expected behavior // Pattern was associated with: ${ pattern . associatedOutcome } expect(result).toMatchExpectedBehavior(); }); ` ; await this . addToTestBacklog ( testCase , pattern ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Validation Dashboard We surface validation metrics for continuous monitoring: function SimulationValidationDashboard () { const [ fidelityHistory , setFidelityHistory ] = useState < FidelityDataPoint [] > ([]); const [ latestDiscovery , setLatestDiscovery ] = useState < DiscoveryReport | null > ( null ); const [ calibrationStatus , setCalibrationStatus ] = useState < CalibrationResult | null > ( null ); return ( < div className = " p-6 space-y-8 " > < h1 className = " text-2xl font-bold " > Simulation Validation Status < /h1 > { /* Fidelity Trend */ } < section > < h2 className = " text-lg font-semibold mb-4 " > Simulation Fidelity Over Time < /h2 > < FidelityTrendChart data = { fidelityHistory } / > < div className = " grid grid-cols-5 gap-4 mt-4 " > {[ ' signalPresence ' , ' signalAbsence ' , ' distributionMatch ' , ' temporalMatch ' , ' sequenceMatch ' ]. map ( dim => ( < MetricCard key = { dim } label = { formatDimensionLabel ( dim )} value = { fidelityHistory [ fidelityHistory . length - 1 ]?. dimensions [ dim ]} trend = { calculateTrend ( fidelityHistory , dim )} / > ))} < /div > < /section > { /* Missing Signals Alert */ } { latestDiscovery ?. discoveredSignals . length > 0 && ( < section className = " bg-yellow-50 border border-yellow-200 rounded-lg p-4 " > < h2 className = " text-lg font-semibold text-yellow-800 mb-2 " > ⚠️ Discovered Unmolded Signals < /h2 > < p className = " text-yellow-700 mb-4 " > The following signals appear in real crisis sessions but aren ' t in our simulations: </p> <ul className="space-y-2"> {latestDiscovery.discoveredSignals.slice(0, 5).map(signal => ( <li key={signal.name} className="flex justify-between"> <span className="font-mono text-sm">{signal.name}</span> <span className="text-yellow-600"> {(signal.crisisRate * 100).toFixed(1)}% of crisis sessions </span> </li> ))} </ul> </section> )} {/* Calibration Status */} <section> <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">False Positive Calibration</h2> <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-4"> <MetricCard label="Real-World FPR" value={`${(calibrationStatus?.realWorldFPR * 100).toFixed(1)}%`} /> <MetricCard label="Simulated FPR" value={`${(calibrationStatus?.simulatedFPR * 100).toFixed(1)}%`} /> <MetricCard label="Calibration Delta" value={`${(Math.abs(calibrationStatus?.delta) * 100).toFixed(1)}%`} status={calibrationStatus?.delta < 0.05 ? ' good ' : ' warning ' } /> </div> </section> {/* Action Items */} <section> <h2 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-4">Validation Action Items</h2> <ul className="space-y-2"> {generateActionItems(fidelityHistory, latestDiscovery, calibrationStatus).map((item, i) => ( <li key={i} className="flex items-center gap-2"> <PriorityBadge priority={item.priority} /> <span>{item.description}</span> </li> ))} </ul> </section> </div> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Testing the Tests We write tests for our validation framework itself: describe ( ' Validation Framework Tests ' , () => { describe ( ' Signal Fidelity Calculator ' , () => { it ( ' correctly identifies missing signals ' , () => { const realPatterns : SignalPatternProfile = { featureUsage : { ' help_page ' : 50 , ' crisis_button ' : 30 , ' unknown_pattern ' : 25 }, totalSessions : 100 }; const simulatedPatterns : SignalPatternProfile = { featureUsage : { ' help_page ' : 45 , ' crisis_button ' : 28 // missing 'unknown_pattern' }, totalSessions : 100 }; const analyzer = new SignalFidelityAnalyzer (); const result = analyzer . calculateFidelity ( realPatterns , simulatedPatterns ); expect ( result . problematicAreas ). toContainEqual ( expect . objectContaining ({ signal : ' unknown_pattern ' , issue : ' missing ' }) ); }); }); describe ( ' False Positive Calibrator ' , () => { it ( ' detects when simulation FPR diverges from reality ' , async () => { // Mock real-world FPR of 5% const mockRealWorldData = { totalDetections : 1000 , falsePositives : 50 }; // Simulations producing 15% FPR (3x too high) const mockSimulations = Array ( 1000 ). fill ( null ). map (( _ , i ) => ({ triggeredCrisis : i < 150 // 15% trigger })); const calibrator = new FalsePositiveCalibrator (); const result = await calibrator . compare ( mockRealWorldData , mockSimulations ); expect ( result . isCalibrated ). toBe ( false ); expect ( result . recommendation ). toContain ( ' reduce simulation sensitivity ' ); }); }); describe ( ' Signal Discovery ' , () => { it ( ' finds discriminative features ' , () => { const crisisSessions = generateSessionsWithFeature ( ' late_night_usage ' , 0.7 ); const nonCrisisSessions = generateSessionsWithFeature ( ' late_night_usage ' , 0.1 ); const discovery = new SignalDiscovery (); const result = discovery . findDiscriminativeFeatures ( crisisSessions , nonCrisisSessions , [ ' late_night_usage ' , ' normal_feature ' ] ); expect ( result [ 0 ]. name ). toBe ( ' late_night_usage ' ); expect ( result [ 0 ]. discriminationPower ). toBeGreaterThan ( 1 ); }); }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Conclusion Testing crisis simulations is meta-work that feels removed from "real" development. But it's some of the most important work we do. Every simulation that doesn't match reality is a crisis we might miss or a false alarm that erodes user trust. Key takeaways: Ground truth is indirect : We can't observe crises directly, so we validate through retrospective analysis and outcome correlation. Quantify fidelity : Signal fidelity scores give us a measurable target for simulation quality. Calibrate false positives : Our simulated FPR should match real-world FPR. Hunt for missing signals : The signals we're NOT simulating are the scariest gaps. Build continuous loops : Validation isn't a one-time activity—it's an ongoing process of refinement. Test the tests : Our validation framework itself needs tests. The goal isn't perfect simulation—that's impossible. The goal is knowable imperfection : understanding exactly where our simulations diverge from reality so we can make informed decisions about acceptable risk. This is Part 10 of our series on building trauma-informed healthcare applications. Previous posts covered crisis detection , testing strategies , recovery testing , cultural contexts , and cross-crisis calibration . Coming Next : "Testing for Co-Occurrence: When Multiple Crises Happen Simultaneously" Tags : #validation #simulation #testing #healthcare #trauma-informed #quality-assurance #machine-learning #ground-truth Next up: https://dev.to/crisiscoresystems/testing-recovery-verifying-that-systems-actually-help-people-get-better-1o6o Support this work Sponsor the project (primary): https://paintracker.ca/sponser Star the repo (secondary): https://github.com/CrisisCore-Systems/pain-tracker Read the full series from the start: https://dev.to/crisiscoresystems/testing-privacy-preserving-analytics-verifying-that-insights-dont-leak-identity-e37 CrisisCore Build Log (11 Part Series) 1 Two People, Same Body: A Developer's Crisis Architecture 2 The False Positive Problem: Calibrating Crisis Detection Without Becoming The Boy Who Cried Wolf ... 7 more parts... 3 How to Test “User Is in Crisis” Without Treating Humans Like Mock Objects 4 The Ethics of Simulation: How to Test Trauma-Informed Features Without Exploiting Real Pain 5 Visual Regression for Adaptive Interfaces: Testing That Crisis Mode Actually Looks Different 6 Privacy-Preserving Analytics: Proving You Can Measure Without Identity 7 Performance Under Pressure: Crisis Detection Without UI Lag 8 Testing Across the Stack: UI Storage Encryption Offline Resilience 9 When Crises Stack: Testing Co-Occurrence Without Cascading Failures 10 Test Your Tests: Does Your Crisis Simulation Match Reality? 11 Testing Recovery: Proving Your App Helps People Stabilize Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse CrisisCore-Systems Follow Collapse systems engineer at CrisisCore-Systems. I build trauma-aware health tools, privacy-first security utilities, and write about resilient architectures under real pressure. Location Kelowna, BC Education Self-taught engineer; educated by production outages, open source, and collapse-era survival. Pronouns he/him Work Collapse systems engineer & founder at CrisisCore-Systems (security-hardened, trauma-aware software) Joined Nov 27, 2025 More from CrisisCore-Systems Testing Recovery: Proving Your App Helps People Stabilize # testing # a11y # healthcare # react When Crises Stack: Testing Co-Occurrence Without Cascading Failures # testing # a11y # healthcare # react Launched: Pain Tracker v1.0.0 (Open Source, Local-First, Trauma-Informed) # showdev # opensource # react # privacy 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mwolfhoffman/supabase-vs-firebase-pricing-and-when-to-use-which-5hhp#pricing | Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Posted on Jan 22, 2022 Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which # sql # webdev # firebase # database Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which Supabase recently appeared on the scene as an attempt to be an open source alternative to Firebase. It's a great product and I've used it in many projects already. I've written about it here and here . The main difference between Supabase vs Firebase is that Supabase is a SQL database that utilized postgres and Firebase uses a NoSQL document data store. On my current side project I recently replaced Supabase for Firebase. I'll get into why and some of the pricing differences to consider. Consideration for Supabase vs Firebase Firebase has more features, for now For one, Firebase has been around much longer than Supabase and thus has more features. You can host your app on Firebase, you can also write cloud functions. (Currently I believe Supabase has cloud functions in beta). Both have great options for objects storage, authentication, and most things you will need as a backend as a service product. Also, while Supabase is not yet a perfect 1:1 mapping of Firebase, they do seem to be very quickly puting out new features to more closely match Firebase's offerings. SQL vs NoSQL This is a big one that I've been considering more. I enjoy relational data and my brain allows me to think about the relationships that SQL allows better than NoSQL document or key/value stores. I've been doing more of a deep dive into NoSQL and learning about how to structure data with it lately. With my research, I have decided that for small side projects and MVPs, I will be going with Firebase over Supabase if I truly don't need my data to be relational. NoSQL (firebase) can often be structured in a way that is more efficient than SQL. There are drawbacks however. Because you can't write complex queries and joins, you do have to consider how you might want to query your data in the future. This can be a difficult task. Once you have correctly anticipated the queries your application will need in the future, you actually duplicate that data into another document or collection in the NoSQL data store. Of course, now you have multiple places to update data too! This sounds like a headache, but with some practice it's actually pretty easy to catch on fast. After learning some more about how to structure documents in a NoSQL datastore, this performance and scalability is why I have decided that I will typically use Firebase over Supabase. The other reason is price. Pricing Another consideration for the Supabase vs Firebase debate is pricing. Both services offer a generous free tier. But what makes pricing considerations difficult is that scalability always has to be kept in mind. First, let's go over what each service offers for free in terms of a database and authentication (the two most used services by each) per month. Supabase: You get 3 free projects. You get 500 MB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase: You get unlimited free projects. You get 1 GB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase does charge for ingress and egress too. So you get 20,000 free writes per day and 50,000 free reads per day. Which to choose Ultimately, when I think about how my projects are going to scale (if they ever needed to) and what I am going to use them for, often NoSQL is just fine for my use cases and I get a better deal with Firebase. This is because my projects don't often scale to over 20,000 writes per day or 50,000 reads per day. And even if they do, the price is comparable with Supabase's next tier. This decision allows me to save my limited supabase free projects for when I really need a relational database. Top comments (6) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Follow Joined Jan 21, 2023 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You haven't added the biggest price factor for Supabase which is "Bandwidth" and "DB scalability". "Bandwidth": You won't run out of MAUs or DB storage, but you would easily cross the 5gb bandwidth mark, after which 25$ plan is your only option. "DB scalability": Free tier gives you micro DB which has very less concurrent connections allowed, scaling it again will cost you paid plan + extra compute costs. Supabase have very smartly advertised to bring in customers, but you realize after you get in that "there's no such thing as a free lunch". Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand shaoyanji shaoyanji shaoyanji Follow Joined Mar 19, 2024 • Apr 21 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide pssssst....pocketbase Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Follow I’m an Italian iOS developer. Education Tradate (VA), Italy Work Full time iOS developer Joined Apr 14, 2022 • Apr 14 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, interesting post, but I have a question, I’m developing a diary app, for iOS/iPadOS and also macOS/watchOS, but I’m uncertain if use Firebase or Supabase. My app let the end user’s to edit the note content, with textView text styles, like different colors, fonts, formats and also add images inside the text, but, can I use Firebase or Supabase? Have you some advice’s? Thanks, Nicolò Curioni iOS Developer Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Follow Aspiring Ionic app developer Location Digital Nomad Work Developer at Self Employed Joined Jul 9, 2019 • Sep 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes you can store both easily. There is a limitation with the nosql firebase that each record can be a maximum of 1mb (I think thats the limit). That is a ton of text to allow per note but its worth considering. You can also split a document over multiple records with a bit of creative coding, if you do need to go beyond those extreme limits. If you want to learn more about strategies for nosql I would recommend looking up Fireship on YouTube who has some good videos. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand neonitus neonitus neonitus Follow Joined Aug 20, 2023 • Aug 20 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, Thanks for the post. I however have a question about authentication. If my app uses social authentication, firebase offers only 50k MAU while the pro plan for Supabase offers 100K MAUs. Would you then prefer to use Supabase Auth and Firestore DB? How would you approach this problem where you are going to have a lot of users using the app(+100,000 per month) and you want the power of RDBMS because you want to build an analytical platform for your app and app transactions? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand codingjlu codingjlu codingjlu Follow Joined Jun 15, 2021 • May 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the great article! I was searching this on Google because I wanted to see the pricing comparison, and you've covered that just well. Thanks again! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Location Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 30, 2020 More from Michael Wolf Hoffman Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs # webdev # startup # saas # career How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database # react # webdev # javascript # programming How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication # react # webdev # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/codemouse92/updated-opensource-tag-guidelines-55m5#new-guidelines | Updated #opensource Tag Guidelines - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Jason C. McDonald Posted on Jul 17, 2019 • Edited on Apr 8, 2020 Updated #opensource Tag Guidelines # opensource # meta Updated 8 April 2020 The #opensource tag is awesome, but it's also been lacking a lot of focus. Is it for promoting projects? Talking about open source? Posting lists of the top 20 open source Javascript modules? It's hard to tell. In a way, because the lion's share of our technologies, libraries, tools, and projects are open source, nearly everything qualified for this tag before. It was becoming our site's junk drawer as it were - lots of nifty and useful stuff, but no semblance of organization to any of it. Since DEV.to rolled out Listings , I'm taking the opportunity to narrow the tag focus a bit. The goal is to give the #opensource tag clear topic boundaries, so Following it doesn't lead to a bunch of irrelevant posts leaking into your feed. New Guidelines I've updated the tag guidelines, but I wanted to lay out the changes here. Posts promoting a single project should go on Listings , or on #showdev or #news if it qualifies. Posts using or mentioning one or more open source projects should go on the appropriate tags for the relevant languages and technologies. This includes tutorials, "round ups", guides, comparisons, reviews, and the like. These typically land in #opensource, and are the main reason for the tag clutter. Announcements relating to your awesome project, including new features, releases, versions, and the like, should go on #news or Listings , or should be expanded out into a proper article (tutorial, maybe?) and posted on the appropriate technology tags. Open source contributor requests should go on #contributorswanted or Listings . If you're just bursting with pride at something you built, use the #showdev tag instead. "Roundups" and other lists of cool open source projects belong on #githunt . What Changed? All this mainly means the #opensource tag is no longer valid merely if the project(s) being discusses happen to be open source! To put that another way, here's a few theoretical topics which would have been #opensource material before, but aren't now. "Top 10 Open Source Python Data Modules" ( #python ) "My Awesome Data Visualizer in Go" ( #go , #showdev ) "Looking for contributors to Supercoolproject" (Listings or #contributorswanted ) "What I did on my Perl project this week" ( #perl , #devjournal , possibly #showdev ) "Installing Epictool on Ubuntu" ( #ubuntu ) "5 Open Source Alternatives to AWS" ( #cloud ) What SHOULD It Be? Articles in this tag should be about at least one of these three broad topics: Organizing, managing, running, contributing to, or working in an Open Source project. Open Source philosophy, licensing, and/or practical and legal topics thereof. Advocacy and adoption of Open Source philosophy . Aliases #foss and #freesoftware have been aliased over to #opensource (thanks @michaeltharrington !) and the tag info updated to account for that. I know that Free Software is culturally distinct from Open Source, but as the former is always compliant to a subset of the latter, having one tag for all just makes sense. Guideline Enforcement I won't be applying this to any posts before July 17th 2019 (retroactive guidelines just aren't fair). If the #opensource tag is used incorrectly in new posts, I'll remove it and provide a friendly reminder, along with suggestions on better tags to use. I know it'll take a while to get used to the updated rules, so don't worry if you miss it a few dozen times. Top comments (8) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Follow A Canadian software developer who thinks he’s funny. Email ben@forem.com Location NY Education Mount Allison University Pronouns He/him Work Co-founder at Forem Joined Dec 27, 2015 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Well thought out Jason. I'll be following along. We'll have some more easily accessible tag guidelines adjacent to the editor coming soon so folks can understand the instructions without being caught off guard by doing it wrong. As more folks define their guidelines, my biggest worry is what a lot of forums become when mods are overbearing. So I'm glad this is well thought out and well described. @michaeltharrington let's Jason well with this and we'll coordinate on functionality that needs to ship. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Agreed! This is very well thought out. I think this tag will definitely benefit from more focus. Jason, feel free to hit me up if you need a hand with anything. I'm happy to help! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Email codemouse92@outlook.com Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, Michael and Ben! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand William Antonelli William Antonelli William Antonelli Follow Joined Mar 7, 2019 • Jul 18 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a list of what not to use the tag for. Can you give some examples of what we would use it for? I think that would be easier to understand. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Email codemouse92@outlook.com Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 • Jul 18 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem. From the tag info: To keep this tag clean and meaningful, please ensure your post fits into at least one of the following categories: * Organizing, managing, running, or working in an Open Source project. * Open Source philosophy, licensing, and/or practical and legal topics thereof. * Advocacy and adoption of Open Source technology. I'll add that to the post. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Frederik 👨💻➡️🌐 Creemers Frederik 👨💻➡️🌐 Creemers Frederik 👨💻➡️🌐 Creemers Follow I'm never sure what to put in a bio. If there's anything you want to know, don't be afraid to ask! Email frederikcreemers@gmail.com Location Maastricht, the Netherlands Education Knowledge Engineering & Data Science at Maastricht University Pronouns he/him Work Developer at TalkJS Joined Mar 22, 2017 • Jul 17 '19 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I think the #githunt tag is also relevant here. Looking at some of its recent posts, it could also use some enforcement of its guidelines. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Email codemouse92@outlook.com Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 • Aug 3 '19 • Edited on Aug 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Y'know, they're always looking for more tag moderators, and I agree that #githunt needs some love. Maybe that'd be something you'd be good at? (Contact yo@dev.to if you're interested.) Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Some comments have been hidden by the post's author - find out more Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Jason C. McDonald Follow Author. Speaker. Time Lord. (Views are my own) Location Time Vortex Pronouns he/him Work Author of "Dead Simple Python" (No Starch Press) Joined Jan 31, 2017 More from Jason C. McDonald 5 Ways to Retain Open Source Contributors # opensource # culture # projectmanagement Social Lifespan of Posts # meta # discuss Introducing #devjournal # devjournal # meta 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/t/esp32 | Esp32 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # esp32 Follow Hide Create Post Older #esp32 posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Getting Started with ESP32-C3 SuperMini and MicroPython Developer Service Developer Service Developer Service Follow Jan 12 Getting Started with ESP32-C3 SuperMini and MicroPython # python # micropython # esp32 Comments Add Comment 11 min read ESP32 WiFi Security Explained for Beginners Yasir Nawaz Yasir Nawaz Yasir Nawaz Follow Jan 11 ESP32 WiFi Security Explained for Beginners # iot # esp32 # embeddedsystems Comments Add Comment 5 min read Complete ESP32 Security Guide for IoT Devices Yasir Nawaz Yasir Nawaz Yasir Nawaz Follow Jan 10 Complete ESP32 Security Guide for IoT Devices # esp32 # iot # iotsecurity # embeddedsystems Comments Add Comment 5 min read Build an Offline ESP32 Text-to-Speech System - No Internet Needed! David Thomas David Thomas David Thomas Follow Jan 10 Build an Offline ESP32 Text-to-Speech System - No Internet Needed! # esp32 # offline # tts # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read ESPHome Gerät ständig "Offline"? So fixst du API-Errors und Boot-Loops beim ESP32 Tim Alex Tim Alex Tim Alex Follow Jan 5 ESPHome Gerät ständig "Offline"? So fixst du API-Errors und Boot-Loops beim ESP32 # esphome # esp32 # iot # debugging Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Battery-Powered Pomodoro Timer with Deep Sleep Rogier van den Berg Rogier van den Berg Rogier van den Berg Follow Jan 4 Building a Battery-Powered Pomodoro Timer with Deep Sleep # programming # esp32 # 3dprinting # diy Comments Add Comment 5 min read Building a DIY ESP32 AI Voice Assistant with Xiaozhi MCP David Thomas David Thomas David Thomas Follow Dec 30 '25 Building a DIY ESP32 AI Voice Assistant with Xiaozhi MCP # ai # diy # programming # esp32 Comments Add Comment 3 min read Practical GPS Tracker with XIAO ESP32-S3 & Geofencing Messin Messin Messin Follow Dec 28 '25 Practical GPS Tracker with XIAO ESP32-S3 & Geofencing # programming # gps # esp32 # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read ESP32 AI Voice Assistant with MCP — DIY Smart Assistant Messin Messin Messin Follow Dec 28 '25 ESP32 AI Voice Assistant with MCP — DIY Smart Assistant # programming # esp32 # ai # diy Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚦 Adaptive IoT Traffic Lights: Building a Smarter Traffic System with ESP32 Messin Messin Messin Follow Dec 9 '25 🚦 Adaptive IoT Traffic Lights: Building a Smarter Traffic System with ESP32 # esp32 # iot # diy # sideprojects Comments Add Comment 3 min read Sentinel Dual-Core Sanjay Poptani Sanjay Poptani Sanjay Poptani Follow Dec 9 '25 Sentinel Dual-Core # security # stm # esp32 # iot Comments Add Comment 2 min read RubyWorld Conference 2025: PicoRuby, mruby Girls, and the Future of Embedded Ruby Germán Alberto Gimenez Silva Germán Alberto Gimenez Silva Germán Alberto Gimenez Silva Follow Dec 8 '25 RubyWorld Conference 2025: PicoRuby, mruby Girls, and the Future of Embedded Ruby # coding # esp32 # programming # servicessubscription Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Send ESP32 Sensor Data to Miniviz for Real-time Visualization(Miniviz #1) Yoshida.T Yoshida.T Yoshida.T Follow Nov 30 '25 How to Send ESP32 Sensor Data to Miniviz for Real-time Visualization(Miniviz #1) # iot # esp32 # arduino Comments Add Comment 4 min read ESPB: WASM-like bytecode interpreter for ESP32 with seamless FreeRTOS integration. Smersh Smersh Smersh Follow Nov 26 '25 ESPB: WASM-like bytecode interpreter for ESP32 with seamless FreeRTOS integration. # esp32 Comments Add Comment 6 min read Going beyond full stack with Rust Grzegorz Krasoń Grzegorz Krasoń Grzegorz Krasoń Follow Dec 2 '25 Going beyond full stack with Rust # rust # leptos # esp32 # iot 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Taming Tedious Tasks with a Tiny Titan: The ESP32 Auto-Controller Luis F. Patrocinio Luis F. Patrocinio Luis F. Patrocinio Follow Nov 17 '25 Taming Tedious Tasks with a Tiny Titan: The ESP32 Auto-Controller # gamedev # cpp # iot # esp32 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read How I Built a Wireless Weather Station with an E-Paper Display Wojciech Lepczyński Wojciech Lepczyński Wojciech Lepczyński Follow Nov 3 '25 How I Built a Wireless Weather Station with an E-Paper Display # iot # esp32 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Technical Implementation and Architectural Analysis of an ESP32-S3-Based Deep Sleep Outdoor Camera Ming Ming Ming Follow Nov 3 '25 Technical Implementation and Architectural Analysis of an ESP32-S3-Based Deep Sleep Outdoor Camera # esp32 # camera # deepsleep # lowpower Comments Add Comment 7 min read Build a Telegram Bot with ESP32-CAM for Remote Image & Video Capture Messin Messin Messin Follow Nov 1 '25 Build a Telegram Bot with ESP32-CAM for Remote Image & Video Capture # esp32 # telegram # imagecapture # bot Comments Add Comment 4 min read Let’s Build a Low-Cost WiFi-Controlled Drone – An Engineer’s Walk-Through Messin Messin Messin Follow Nov 1 '25 Let’s Build a Low-Cost WiFi-Controlled Drone – An Engineer’s Walk-Through # esp32 # drone # wifi # controller Comments Add Comment 4 min read Off-Grid Mesh Messaging with ESP32-S3 & LoRa Messin Messin Messin Follow Nov 1 '25 Off-Grid Mesh Messaging with ESP32-S3 & LoRa # esp32 # tutorial # meshtastic # diy Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Smart Programmable LED Desk Light with ESP32 and MQTT emmma emmma emmma Follow Dec 4 '25 Building a Smart Programmable LED Desk Light with ESP32 and MQTT # mojo # webdev # esp32 Comments 1 comment 2 min read The Ruby Bindings Every Rails Developer Should Know Germán Alberto Gimenez Silva Germán Alberto Gimenez Silva Germán Alberto Gimenez Silva Follow Dec 3 '25 The Ruby Bindings Every Rails Developer Should Know # coding # esp32 # programming # ruby Comments 1 comment 3 min read IoT sin servidores en AWS: Beneficios de los servicios serverless para IoT Jhorman Villanueva Jhorman Villanueva Jhorman Villanueva Follow Nov 26 '25 IoT sin servidores en AWS: Beneficios de los servicios serverless para IoT # aws # awsiot # serverless # esp32 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read ESP32-S3 + TensorFlow Lite Micro: A Practical Guide to Local Wake Word & Edge AI Inference ZedIoT ZedIoT ZedIoT Follow Nov 25 '25 ESP32-S3 + TensorFlow Lite Micro: A Practical Guide to Local Wake Word & Edge AI Inference # machinelearning # esp32 # edgeai # tensorflow Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources Building a DIY ESP32 AI Voice Assistant with Xiaozhi MCP ESP32-S3 + TensorFlow Lite Micro: A Practical Guide to Local Wake Word & Edge AI Inference Practical GPS Tracker with XIAO ESP32-S3 & Geofencing A Deep Dive Into ESP-CSI: Channel State Information on ESP32 Chips ESP32 AI Voice Assistant with MCP — DIY Smart Assistant Build a Telegram Bot with ESP32-CAM for Remote Image & Video Capture Build an Offline ESP32 Text-to-Speech System - No Internet Needed! How I Built a Wireless Weather Station with an E-Paper Display Building a Battery-Powered Pomodoro Timer with Deep Sleep Getting Started with ESP32-C3 SuperMini and MicroPython 🚦 Adaptive IoT Traffic Lights: Building a Smarter Traffic System with ESP32 The Ruby Bindings Every Rails Developer Should Know Off-Grid Mesh Messaging with ESP32-S3 & LoRa Taming Tedious Tasks with a Tiny Titan: The ESP32 Auto-Controller ESPHome Gerät ständig "Offline"? So fixst du API-Errors und Boot-Loops beim ESP32 Let’s Build a Low-Cost WiFi-Controlled Drone – An Engineer’s Walk-Through ESPB: WASM-like bytecode interpreter for ESP32 with seamless FreeRTOS integration. Sentinel Dual-Core remu.ii: Building the Ghost Before the Body Building a Smart Programmable LED Desk Light with ESP32 and MQTT 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/help/fun-stuff#Caption-This | Fun Stuff - DEV Help - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Fun Stuff Fun Stuff In this article Sloan: The DEV Mascot Caption This!, Meme Monday & More! Caption This! Meme Monday Music Monday Explore for extra enjoyment! Sloan: The DEV Mascot Why is Sloan the Sloth the official DEV Moderator, you ask? Sloths might not seem like your typical software development assistant, but Sloan defies expectations! Here's why: Moderates and Posts Content: Sloan actively moderates and posts content on DEV, ensuring a vibrant and welcoming community. Welcomes New Members: Sloan greets and welcomes new members to the DEV community in our Weekly Welcome thread, fostering a sense of belonging. Answers Your Questions: Have a question you'd like to ask anonymously? Sloan's got you covered! Submit your question to Sloan's Inbox, and they'll post it on your behalf. Visit Sloan's Inbox Follow Sloan! Caption This!, Meme Monday & More! Caption This! Every week, we host a "Caption This" challenge! We share a mysterious picture without context, and it's your chance to work your captioning magic and bring it to life. Unleash your creativity and craft the perfect caption for these quirky images! Meme Monday Meme Monday is our weekly thread where you can join in the laughter by sharing your favorite developer memes. Each week, we select the best one to kick off the next week as the post image, sparking another round of fun and creativity. Music Monday Share what music you're listening to each week on the Music Monday thread , - check back each week for different themes and discover weird and wonderful bands and artists shared by the community! 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Reporting Vulnerabilities to dev.to Important Update: Changes to Our Bug Bounty Program We regret to announce we will be suspending our bug bounty reward program effective immediately. Due to time constraints in managing this program ourselves, we are not in a position to keep the program in-house. We are exploring other options, but do not have a timeline for a re-launch. While we are no longer able to offer monetary rewards at this time, we still highly value the security community's input and encourage you to continue reporting any vulnerabilities you may discover. Please send your findings to security@dev.to , and we will diligently investigate all reports. We remain committed to acknowledging significant contributions through our security hall of fame. We hope to launch a new reward program in the future. Your understanding and continued support in maintaining the security of our systems are deeply appreciated. Security Guidelines and Etiquette Please read and follow these guidelines prior to sending in any reports. 1. Do not test vulnerabilities in public. We ask that you do not attempt any vulnerabilities, rate-limiting tests, exploits, or any other security/bug-related findings if it will impact another community member. This means you should not leave comments on someone else’s post, send them messages via Connect, or otherwise, impact their experience on the platform. Note that we are open source and have documentation available if you're interested in setting up a dev environment for the purposes of testing. 2. Do not report similar issues or variations of the same issue in different reports. Please report any similar issues in a single report. It's better for both parties to have this information in one place where we can evaluate it all together. Please note any and all areas where your vulnerability might be relevant. You will not be penalized or receive a lower reward for streamlining your report in one place vs. spreading it across different areas. 3. The following domains are not eligible for our bounty program as they are hosted by or built on external services: jobs.dev.to (Recruitee) status.dev.to (Atlassian) shop.dev.to (Shopify) docs.dev.to (Netlify) storybook.dev.to (Netlify) We've listed the service provider of each of these domains so that you might contact them if you wish to report the vulnerability you found. 4. DoS (Denial of Service) vulnerabilities should not be tested for more than a span of 5 minutes. Be courteous and reasonable when testing any endpoints on dev.to as this may interfere with our monitoring. If we discover that you are testing DoS disruptively for prolonged periods of time, we may restrict your award, block your IP address, or remove your eligibility to participate in the program. 5. Please be patient with us after sending in your report. We’d appreciate it if you avoid messaging us to ask about the status of your report. Our team will get back to you only if your contribution is significant enough to be included in our hall of fame. Hall of Fame Thanks to those who have helped us by finding, fixing, and disclosing security issues safely: Aman Mahendra Muhammad Muhaddis Sajibe Kanti Sahil Mehra Prial Islam Pritesh Mistry Jerbi Nessim Vis Patel Mohammad Abdullah Ismail Hossain Antony Garand Guilherme Scombatti Ahsan Khan Shintaro Kobori Footstep Security Chakradhar Chiru Mustafa Khan Benoit Côté-Jodoin Rahul PS Kaushik Roy Kishan Kumar Gids Goldberg Zee Shan Md. 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https://dev.to/colin_lee_0efbc2899420fa5/how-to-create-an-impressive-github-profile-readme-in-2026-1ifn#comments | Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Colin Lee Posted on Jan 10 Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile # github # tooling # tutorial # githunt Why GitHubCard is the Final Tool You Need for Your Github Profile In the world of GitHub Profile READMEs, developers often end up collecting a fragmented array of tools to showcase their coding achievements. You might be using github-readme-stats for basic stats, github-readme-streak-stats for your commit streaks, and skill-icons to display your tech stack. Eventually, your profile README becomes a lot of links. That's why we built GitHubCard . It's not just another stats tool; it's the first true All-in-One tool for GitHub users. What Tools Can GitHubCard Replace? GitHubCard aims to consolidate the best features of the most popular GitHub Profile tools into a single, seamless experience. Here is a list of mainstream tools that GitHubCard can effectively replace: 1. Base Stats & Card Generators This category covers almost all github readme stats profile maker/generator that you may used before: github-readme-stats github-profile-readme-maker github-profile-summary-cards github-trends github-profile-readme-generator (rahuldkjain) github-profile-readme-generator (arturssmirnovs) github-cards github-stats profile-readme-cards Other similar tools 2. GitHub Actions Someone also config complex GitHub Actions for github profile readme: GitHub Actions (actions-js/profile-readme) Other similar tools 3. Coding Time Tracking This category covers tools that track your coding time and display it in your profile README: waka-readme waka-readme-stats Other similar tools 4. Streak Tracking This category covers tools that track your commit streaks and display them in your profile README: github-readme-streak-stats Other similar tools 5. Activity Graphs This category covers tools that display your activity graphs in your profile README: github-readme-activity-graph Other similar tools 6. Skill Icons This category covers tools that display your tech stack and skills in your profile README: skill-icons Other similar tools 7. Repository Star History Finally you may also use those tools to display your repository star history in your profile README: star-history Other similar tools Why Choose an All-in-One Solution? Canvas-Level Freedom This is the biggest difference between GitHubCard and everything else. We aren't giving you a "template"; we're giving you an "editor." You decide the exact position, size, and layering of every component. You can even add custom text to tell the story behind your code. Unified Visual Language When you reference SVGs from five different repositories, the border-radii, fonts, and color depths never quite match. In GitHubCard, you can apply a single theme to all components with one click, giving your profile a professional, cohesive look. Zero Configuration & Zero Maintenance Many tools require setting up complex GitHub Actions or cron jobs. GitHubCard uses a high-performance edge computing architecture—your data updates automatically without you ever writing a single line of YAML. Conclusion Your GitHub Profile should be your personal portfolio, not a testing ground for various open-source scripts. If you’re tired of managing a long list of Markdown links, it’s time to delete them all and replace them with a single, elegant, and fully customizable GitHubCard. Try it now: GitHubCard.com Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Colin Lee Colin Lee Colin Lee Follow Creator, Founder Joined Jan 10, 2026 • Jan 10 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide See the profile card from githubcard just a link: githubcard.com/torvalds.svg?d=GK2z... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Colin Lee Follow Creator, Founder Joined Jan 10, 2026 More from Colin Lee How to Create a GitHub Profile README in 2026 # github # tooling # tutorial # product 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Maker Forem Close Follow User actions Om Shree Technical Evangelist | AI Researcher | Simplifying Complex AI & Agent Workflows for Developers Location India Joined Joined on Feb 27, 2025 Email address omshree0709@gmail.com Personal website https://shreesozo.com github website twitter website Education Jaypee University Of Information Technology Pronouns He/Him Work Founder of Shreesozo 16 Week Community Wellness Streak You're a dedicated community champion! Keep up the great work by posting at least 2 comments per week for 16 straight weeks. The prized 24-week badge is within reach! Got it Close 2 DEV Challenge Volunteer Judge Awarded for judging a DEV Challenge and nominating winners. Got it Close 100 Thumbs Up Milestone Awarded for giving 100 thumbs ups (👍) to a variety of posts across DEV. 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Got it Close More info about @om_shree_0709 Skills/Languages Full-Stack Dev Currently learning Full-Stack Dev Available for MCP Blog Author, Open-Source Contributor, Full-Stack Dev Post 1 post published Comment 330 comments written Tag 1 tag followed October 2025 Maker Roundup: Big Mergers, Cool Builds, and Fresh Kits Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Oct 12 '25 October 2025 Maker Roundup: Big Mergers, Cool Builds, and Fresh Kits # news # beginners # tutorial # raspberrypi 20 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Want to connect with Om Shree? Create an account to connect with Om Shree. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? 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https://dev.to/johnstonlogan/react-hooks-barney-style-1hk7#setstate-vs-usestate-objects | useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Logan Johnston Posted on Sep 1, 2020 • Edited on Sep 9, 2020 useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays # react # hook # codenewbie # beginners The purpose of this article is to break down the use of the useState() React hook in an easy way using strings, objects, and arrays. We will also take a look at how these would be handled in class components. Disclaimer - I would normally create an onChange function separately but I find it easier to understand with an inline function. What is the setState function? The setState function is used to handle the state object in a React class component. This is something you will see a lot of in the examples below. Anytime you see a this.setState() this is how we are setting the state in a class component. What is a hook in React? React hooks were introduced in React v16.8. They allow you to use state and other React features without the need to create a class. Examples: Class component Functional component While these two code snippets look similar they do have slight differences in syntax, lifecycle methods, and state management. setState() vs useState() - Strings. setState() Class Component Using state in a class component requires the building of a state object. This state object is then modified by calling this.setState("new state"). In this example, we've created a state = { value: '' } object which has a value key and that key is initialized as an empty string. We've assigned an onChange event to the input so that every time we add or remove a character to the input we are calling the this.setState() . Here we areupdating the state using the value of the input ( e.target.value ) and setting it to the components state. useState() Functional Component With a functional component, we can use React hooks, specifically the useState() hook. This simplifies the creation of a state component and the function that updates it. We import {useState} from React and we are able to simply create a state and a function to set that state (state: value , setState: setValue ). The initial state of this component is set when calling useState , in this example, we are setting it to an empty string ( useState("") ). The only difference between the functional component and the class component at this point is instead of calling this.setState we use the function we created in the useState , in this case, setValue . setState() vs useState() - Objects. setState() Class Component Since state in a class component is already an object, it's business as usual. Use setState to populate the values of the state object. With the example above the users userName and email is stored in the state similar to the string version we talked about above. useState() Functional Component When we want to use the useState hook for an object we are going to initialize it to an empty object useState({}) . In this example, we are using the same setValue that we did in the string example but we've added a few things to our setValue function. First, we use the spread syntax to expand the current value before we add a new key-value pair. Second, we dynamically set the key using [e.target.name] , in this case, we are creating the key using the input's "name" attribute. Lastly, we are setting that key's value to the e.target.value . So after using the inputs we have an object with two keys {userName: "", email: ""} and their values. Creating an object could also be accomplished using multiple useState hooks and then bundling them into an object later if needed. See the example below. Note: I have my own preference for how to deal with objects while using hooks, and as you get more familiar you may find you enjoy either the class or functional component more than the other. setState() vs useState() - Arrays. Using arrays in stateful components can be extremely powerful, especially when creating things like a todo list. In these examples, we will be creating a very simple todo list. setState() Class Component When using an array in a stateful class component we need at least two keys in our state object. One would be the array itself todoArr: [] and the other would be the value that we are going to be pushing into the array todo: "" . In this example, we use the onChange attribute for our input to set the todo in our state object. We then have our Add Item button which when clicked will call our addItem function. In the addItem function we are going to create a list variable which is is an array that spreads the current todoArr and then adds the new todo item to the end of it. After creating the list array we use the setState function to replace the current todoArr with the new one and then set the todo back to an empty string to clear the input. Lastly at the bottom, we map through the current todoArr . The setState function will cause the component to rerender so every time you add an item it is immediately rendered onto the page. useState() Functional Component Dealing with the hooks in a function component seems extremely similar to the class component. We use the setTodo function to set our todo value in the onChange attribute of our input. We then have the same addItem function attached to the click of our Add Item button. The only difference we see here is that we don't create a list variable to pass into the hook. We could have avoided this in the class component but I think the readability when using the variable is much better. With the hook, I don't think the use of creating the list array beforehand is needed. We can spread the current array, add the new item, and then set the current todo back to an empty string so we can clear the input. Conclusion While using functional components with hooks is the new hotness, the state management is still very similar to the class components. If you're looking to start using function components with hooks over class components hopefully this post has helped you understand a little bit more about how to implement them. Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand forthebest forthebest forthebest Follow Joined Dec 26, 2020 • Feb 11 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thanks Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand kevhines kevhines kevhines Follow A programmer first, then ran a comedy school for the UCB theater, now a programmer again. Location Maplewood, NJ Joined Jan 15, 2021 • Jan 18 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide very clear! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Logan Johnston Follow Full Stack Developer - React - Nodejs - Postgresql | USN Veteran | Web Design and Development Student Location San Diego, CA Joined Jun 29, 2020 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey # react # programming # webdev # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/productivity/page/6#main-content | Productivity Page 6 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Productivity Follow Hide Productivity includes tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Create Post submission guidelines Please check if your article contains information or discussion bases about productivity. From posts with the tag #productivity we expect tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. about #productivity Does my article fit the tag? It depends! Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. Older #productivity posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Claude CLI Context Window Solved Denys Meddediev Denys Meddediev Denys Meddediev Follow Jan 8 Claude CLI Context Window Solved # ai # programming # opensource # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Artificial Intelligence in Freelance Software Development A Technical and Structural Analysis Beyond Productivity Narratives Mario Duval Solutions Mario Duval Solutions Mario Duval Solutions Follow Jan 8 Artificial Intelligence in Freelance Software Development A Technical and Structural Analysis Beyond Productivity Narratives # ai # career # productivity # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 28 min read Promptelle: An All-in-One AI Photo Prompt Platform for Faster Image Creation Riven_Chandler Riven_Chandler Riven_Chandler Follow Jan 8 Promptelle: An All-in-One AI Photo Prompt Platform for Faster Image Creation # showdev # ai # productivity # resources Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Reflective Practice Is Your Competitive Advantage in an AI-Driven Workplace Loïc Boset Loïc Boset Loïc Boset Follow Jan 8 Why Reflective Practice Is Your Competitive Advantage in an AI-Driven Workplace # ai # career # learning # productivity 11 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read The 3-Day Code Review Problem (And What It's Actually Costing You) Björn Brynjar Jónsson Björn Brynjar Jónsson Björn Brynjar Jónsson Follow Jan 8 The 3-Day Code Review Problem (And What It's Actually Costing You) # discuss # productivity # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 5 min read Here’s How You Nail the Netflix System Design Interview With The Right Resources Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 8 Here’s How You Nail the Netflix System Design Interview With The Right Resources # netflix # systemdesign # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why Most AI Coding Sessions Fail (And How to Fix It) Steve Harlow Steve Harlow Steve Harlow Follow Jan 8 Why Most AI Coding Sessions Fail (And How to Fix It) # ai # productivity # devops # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read What an Early Bus Ride Gave Me Each Morning Mark Ellison Mark Ellison Mark Ellison Follow Jan 8 What an Early Bus Ride Gave Me Each Morning # watercooler # devjournal # mentalhealth # productivity Comments Add Comment 9 min read How to Make AI Reconstruct Context Without Memory synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Jan 6 How to Make AI Reconstruct Context Without Memory # documentation # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read How My Company Automate Meeting Notes to Jira A.I. 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Follow Jan 8 How My Company Automate Meeting Notes to Jira # ai # webdev # tutorial # productivity 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read I built a privacy-focused tool to crop images into circles instantly kristoff kristoff kristoff Follow Jan 6 I built a privacy-focused tool to crop images into circles instantly # webdev # productivity # buildinpublic # startup Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rust Macros System Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Follow Jan 12 Rust Macros System # automation # productivity # rust # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 9 min read Notes from a Developer Who Learned to Say No Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Follow Jan 6 Notes from a Developer Who Learned to Say No # career # mentalhealth # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building My Digital 'Swiss Army Knife': A Custom Unit Converter with AI Daniel Daniel Daniel Follow for Datalaria Jan 8 Building My Digital 'Swiss Army Knife': A Custom Unit Converter with AI # showdev # ai # productivity # tooling 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Finding leadership in times of crisis Svile Svile Svile Follow Jan 6 Finding leadership in times of crisis # leadership # productivity # agile # startup Comments Add Comment 9 min read Midweek Elevate: Raise the Baseline MeL MeL MeL Follow Jan 7 Midweek Elevate: Raise the Baseline # motivation # productivity # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a safer way to manage .env in Laravel — and I’ve just released the public roadmap Vanni Daghini Vanni Daghini Vanni Daghini Follow Jan 6 Building a safer way to manage .env in Laravel — and I’ve just released the public roadmap # laravel # php # devops # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI, Fake Reviews, and the Trust Crisis in SaaS Mukul Sharma Mukul Sharma Mukul Sharma Follow Jan 9 AI, Fake Reviews, and the Trust Crisis in SaaS # startup # saas # product # productivity 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Benchmark: I replaced Gemini CLI's Vector RAG with Context Trees to stop the hallucinations (99% Token Reduction) chi lan chi lan chi lan Follow Jan 9 Benchmark: I replaced Gemini CLI's Vector RAG with Context Trees to stop the hallucinations (99% Token Reduction) # showdev # ai # productivity # gemini 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read What developers do is changing after agentic AI Benedict L Benedict L Benedict L Follow Jan 6 What developers do is changing after agentic AI # agents # ai # automation # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read On Being Productive Without Being Busy Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Follow Jan 8 On Being Productive Without Being Busy # discuss # mentalhealth # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read The tech stack behind InkRows Filip Frincu Filip Frincu Filip Frincu Follow Jan 6 The tech stack behind InkRows # react # javascript # productivity # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read Multitasking with Vibe Coding drains your attention span Tigran Bayburtsyan Tigran Bayburtsyan Tigran Bayburtsyan Follow Jan 5 Multitasking with Vibe Coding drains your attention span # programming # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 6 min read Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas ismail Cagdas Follow Jan 6 Why Modular Monolith Architecture is the Key to Effective AI-Assisted Development # ai # architecture # codequality # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 6 Best Apple System Design Interview Resources I Used (And How They Helped Me) # resources # career # systemdesign # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # hook Follow Hide Create Post Older #hook posts 1 2 3 4 5 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 🔑 O que é useId no React? Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Follow Dec 27 '25 🔑 O que é useId no React? # react # hook # useid Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🧠 React useState Hook — Mastering State in Functional Components Aman Kureshi Aman Kureshi Aman Kureshi Follow Oct 29 '25 🧠 React useState Hook — Mastering State in Functional Components # webdev # react # hook # usestatehook Comments Add Comment 1 min read Introducción a CloudFormation Hooks: Validación Proactiva para una Nube Segura (en español sencillo) Pablo Gonzalez Robles Pablo Gonzalez Robles Pablo Gonzalez Robles Follow Jul 20 '25 Introducción a CloudFormation Hooks: Validación Proactiva para una Nube Segura (en español sencillo) # aws # cloudformation # hook # config Comments Add Comment 4 min read Share the state of a hook between components jealous jealous jealous Follow Jan 15 '25 Share the state of a hook between components # react # hook # typescript # houp Comments Add Comment 2 min read Understanding Hooks in the Phoenix Framework Rushikesh Pandit Rushikesh Pandit Rushikesh Pandit Follow Sep 30 '24 Understanding Hooks in the Phoenix Framework # 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javascript # react # webdev # hook 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Understanding useState Hook in React – An introduction and a Comprehensive Guide for Web Developers jlerocher jlerocher jlerocher Follow Feb 29 '24 Understanding useState Hook in React – An introduction and a Comprehensive Guide for Web Developers # react # javascript # hook # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Understanding useEffect Hooks in React – An introduction and Comprehensive Guide for Web Developers jlerocher jlerocher jlerocher Follow Feb 29 '24 Understanding useEffect Hooks in React – An introduction and Comprehensive Guide for Web Developers # javascript # react # hook # webdev 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Reusable Code: React Custom Hooks Guide Nahidul Islam Nahidul Islam Nahidul Islam Follow Feb 23 '24 Reusable Code: React Custom Hooks Guide # webdev # react # hook # javascript Comments Add Comment 3 min read React Usecallback for Kids/Beginners Clara Situma Clara Situma Clara Situma Follow Feb 8 '24 React Usecallback for Kids/Beginners # react # webdev # javascript # hook 43 reactions Comments 17 comments 2 min read Optimizing Event Handlers in React using useCallback demola12 demola12 demola12 Follow Jan 27 '24 Optimizing Event Handlers in React using useCallback # javascript # typescript # react # hook 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Understanding the useState Hook in React khaled-17 khaled-17 khaled-17 Follow Feb 7 '24 Understanding the useState Hook in React # react # hook # reactnative # reactjshook 5 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read Implement refetch with axis John Ding John Ding John Ding Follow Jan 11 '24 Implement refetch with axis # react # fetch # hook Comments Add Comment 1 min read Handle component state using local storage: useLocalStorage with Typescript Alaa Mohammad Alaa Mohammad Alaa Mohammad Follow Jan 7 '24 Handle component state using local storage: useLocalStorage with Typescript # react # hook # typescript # webdev 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Skills of writing unit test for react markzzw markzzw markzzw Follow Dec 29 '23 Skills of writing unit test for react # unittest # react # javascript # hook 5 reactions Comments 5 comments 6 min read The practice of using Microsoft OAuth in the React hook markzzw markzzw markzzw Follow Dec 27 '23 The practice of using Microsoft OAuth in the React hook # react # hook # microsoft # oauth 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Hooks in React Iz Mroen Iz Mroen Iz Mroen Follow Dec 18 '23 Hooks in React # react # hook # frontend # javascript 64 reactions Comments 5 comments 3 min read A Guide to Building Custom Hooks in React Hakki Hakki Hakki Follow Nov 30 '23 A Guide to Building Custom Hooks in React # react # javascript # hook Comments 1 comment 2 min read A Guide to React Custom Hooks Rasaf Ibrahim Rasaf Ibrahim Rasaf Ibrahim Follow Nov 18 '23 A Guide to React Custom Hooks # react # hook # javascript # webdev 122 reactions Comments 8 comments 3 min read React Performance Booster - Introduction to the useMemo hook Rasaf Ibrahim Rasaf Ibrahim Rasaf Ibrahim Follow Oct 26 '23 React Performance Booster - Introduction to the useMemo hook # react # usememo # hook # webdev 57 reactions Comments 27 comments 3 min read Mastering LocalStorage Management with React Hooks Ochuko Ekrresa Ochuko Ekrresa Ochuko Ekrresa Follow Oct 28 '23 Mastering LocalStorage Management with React Hooks # react # typescript # localstorage # hook 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... trending guides/resources 🔑 O que é useId no React? 🧠 React useState Hook — Mastering State in Functional Components 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://maker.forem.com/t/raspberrypi#main-content | Raspberry Pi - Maker Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Maker Forem Close Raspberry Pi Follow Hide All things related to the range of accessible and affordable single board Raspberry Pi computers, HATs, Raspberry Pi Pico, Raspberry Pi OS, and more. Share what you’re building! Create Post submission guidelines Please keep your posts to this topic specifically related to the Raspberry Pi family and projects. about #raspberrypi You can learn much more about Raspberry Pi around the web: ◦ Raspberry Pi Foundation , the educational charity ◦ Official Documentation ◦ Community Forums ◦ Raspberry Pi Trading , the technology company You can also read more about Raspberry Pi on Wikipedia , and explore code and other projects on GitHub . Raspberry Pi is a trademark of Raspberry Pi Trading. Older #raspberrypi posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu October 2025 Maker Roundup: Big Mergers, Cool Builds, and Fresh Kits Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Oct 12 '25 October 2025 Maker Roundup: Big Mergers, Cool Builds, and Fresh Kits # news # beginners # tutorial # raspberrypi 20 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Installing Pi-hole with an LCD screen Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Follow Aug 3 '25 Installing Pi-hole with an LCD screen # raspberrypi # tutorial # iot # electronics 9 reactions Comments 5 comments 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Maker Forem — A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Maker Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a space where makers create, share, and bring ideas to life. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
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Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.python.org/doc/av#site-map | Audio/Video Instructional Materials for Python | Python.org Notice: While JavaScript is not essential for this website, your interaction with the content will be limited. Please turn JavaScript on for the full experience. Skip to content ▼ Close Python PSF Docs PyPI Jobs Community ▲ The Python Network Donate ≡ Menu Search This Site GO A A Smaller Larger Reset Socialize LinkedIn Mastodon Chat on IRC Twitter About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Audio/Video Instructional Materials for Python There is a growing body of podcasts, screencasts and video presentations for the Python community. This page collects some of the best. Podcast Repositories core.py Pablo Galindo and Łukasz Langa talk about Python internals, because they work on Python internals. PyPodcats Hidden Figures of Python podcast series. Our goal is to highlight the contributions and accomplishments of the underrepresented group members in the Python community. Talk Python To Me A podcast on Python and related technologies. The Real Python Podcast Hear what’s new in the world of Python programming and become a more effective Pythonista. Python Bytes Python headlines delivered directly to your earbuds. Python People A podcast about getting to know the people who help make the Python community great. Django Chat A podcast on the Django Web Framework by Will Vincent and Carlton Gibson. Pybites Podcast A podcast about Python development, career and mindset skills. Sad Python Girls Club Refreshing insights of the VS Code Python team, with authentic perspectives on the Python ecosystem and how VS Code fits in it. Inactive Podcast Repositories Test and Code Practical automated testing for software engineers using Python. Python Community News A look at the news around and impacting the Python Community. Podcast.__init__ A podcast about Python and the people who make it great. Radio Free Python A podcast of Python news and interviews by Larry Hastings. From Python import podcast From Python Import Podcast is a bimonthly podcast dedicated to sharing thoughts, opinions, rants, and intelligent discussion about all things Python. A Little Bit of Python An occasional podcast on Python by Michael Foord , Steve Holden , Andrew Kuchling , Dr. Brett Cannon and Jesse Noller . Python411 Python411 is a series of podcasts about Python presented by Ron Stephens, aimed at hobbyists and others who are learning Python. Each episode focuses on one aspect of learning Python, or one kind of Python programming, and points to online tools and tutorials. Python related news and events will also be reported upon as well as interviews with key Python contributors. Ron has built up quite a collection of podcasts since he started in May 2005 - over fifty as of April 2007. They are great for listening to on the train or in traffic. The site provides an XML/RSS feed to which you can subscribe with your favorite reader or make a live bookmark of dropdown podcast titles using Mozilla Firefox. Djangodose A podcast about all things Django, discussing new features in the development tree, how-tos, and listener questions. Jython Monthly Interviews and coverage of specific Jython-related events in a pseudo-live podcast fashion. PyCon Podcast The PyCon podcast carries recordings of talks from the PyCon conference . Hear the talks you missed! Conference Talk and Video Lecture Repositories pyvideo.org An index to many talk and session videos made available by Python conferences and user groups around the world. The site makes it very easy to find interesting Python talk videos and displays them in a clean and uncluttered way. PyCon US on YouTube Keynotes, talks and tutorials from PyCon US 2020 onwards. EuroPython on YouTube Keynotes, talks and tutorials from EuroPython 2011 onwards. PyCon US 08 on YouTube Raw video of talks from the 2008 conference are available on YouTube. Because they're the raw video, presentation slides have not been edited into the recording and no cleanup of the audio has been done. The PSF The Python Software Foundation is the organization behind Python. Become a member of the PSF and help advance the software and our mission. ▲ Back to Top About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Contributing Developer's Guide Issue Tracker python-dev list Core Mentorship Report a Security Issue ▲ Back to Top Help & General Contact Diversity Initiatives Submit Website Bug Status Copyright ©2001-2026. 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Skip to content ▼ Close Python PSF Docs PyPI Jobs Community ▲ The Python Network Donate ≡ Menu Search This Site GO A A Smaller Larger Reset Socialize LinkedIn Mastodon Chat on IRC Twitter About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Audio/Video Instructional Materials for Python There is a growing body of podcasts, screencasts and video presentations for the Python community. This page collects some of the best. Podcast Repositories core.py Pablo Galindo and Łukasz Langa talk about Python internals, because they work on Python internals. PyPodcats Hidden Figures of Python podcast series. Our goal is to highlight the contributions and accomplishments of the underrepresented group members in the Python community. Talk Python To Me A podcast on Python and related technologies. The Real Python Podcast Hear what’s new in the world of Python programming and become a more effective Pythonista. Python Bytes Python headlines delivered directly to your earbuds. Python People A podcast about getting to know the people who help make the Python community great. Django Chat A podcast on the Django Web Framework by Will Vincent and Carlton Gibson. Pybites Podcast A podcast about Python development, career and mindset skills. Sad Python Girls Club Refreshing insights of the VS Code Python team, with authentic perspectives on the Python ecosystem and how VS Code fits in it. Inactive Podcast Repositories Test and Code Practical automated testing for software engineers using Python. Python Community News A look at the news around and impacting the Python Community. Podcast.__init__ A podcast about Python and the people who make it great. Radio Free Python A podcast of Python news and interviews by Larry Hastings. From Python import podcast From Python Import Podcast is a bimonthly podcast dedicated to sharing thoughts, opinions, rants, and intelligent discussion about all things Python. A Little Bit of Python An occasional podcast on Python by Michael Foord , Steve Holden , Andrew Kuchling , Dr. Brett Cannon and Jesse Noller . Python411 Python411 is a series of podcasts about Python presented by Ron Stephens, aimed at hobbyists and others who are learning Python. Each episode focuses on one aspect of learning Python, or one kind of Python programming, and points to online tools and tutorials. Python related news and events will also be reported upon as well as interviews with key Python contributors. Ron has built up quite a collection of podcasts since he started in May 2005 - over fifty as of April 2007. They are great for listening to on the train or in traffic. The site provides an XML/RSS feed to which you can subscribe with your favorite reader or make a live bookmark of dropdown podcast titles using Mozilla Firefox. Djangodose A podcast about all things Django, discussing new features in the development tree, how-tos, and listener questions. Jython Monthly Interviews and coverage of specific Jython-related events in a pseudo-live podcast fashion. PyCon Podcast The PyCon podcast carries recordings of talks from the PyCon conference . Hear the talks you missed! Conference Talk and Video Lecture Repositories pyvideo.org An index to many talk and session videos made available by Python conferences and user groups around the world. The site makes it very easy to find interesting Python talk videos and displays them in a clean and uncluttered way. PyCon US on YouTube Keynotes, talks and tutorials from PyCon US 2020 onwards. EuroPython on YouTube Keynotes, talks and tutorials from EuroPython 2011 onwards. PyCon US 08 on YouTube Raw video of talks from the 2008 conference are available on YouTube. Because they're the raw video, presentation slides have not been edited into the recording and no cleanup of the audio has been done. The PSF The Python Software Foundation is the organization behind Python. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Ayu Adiati 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Joined on Mar 16, 2019 Personal website https://adiati.com/ twitter website 2025 Hacktoberfest Writing Challenge Winner Awarded for winning a prompt in the 2025 Hacktoberfest Writing Challenge! Got it Close 5 Top 7 Awarded for having a post featured in the weekly "must-reads" list. 🙌 Got it Close Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close 2025 New Year Writing Challenge Completion Badge Awarded for completing at least one prompt in the New Year Writing challenge. Thank you for participating! 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Got it Close Show all 32 badges More info about @adiatiayu Organizations OpenSauced Virtual Coffee Skills/Languages HTML, CSS, Javascript Post 122 posts published Comment 371 comments written Tag 20 tags followed Pin Pinned 10+ Free And Affordable Resources To Learn Frontend Web Development Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Mar 20 '21 10+ Free And Affordable Resources To Learn Frontend Web Development # watercooler # codenewbie # webdev # beginners 206 reactions Comments 18 comments 4 min read 10 Tips For New Self-Taught Developers In Learning To Code - Advice From A Fellow Self-Taught Developer Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Mar 14 '21 10 Tips For New Self-Taught Developers In Learning To Code - Advice From A Fellow Self-Taught Developer # watercooler # codenewbie # webdev # beginners 52 reactions Comments 21 comments 6 min read Contributing To An Open Source by A First-Timer (Part 1) Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 21 '20 Contributing To An Open Source by A First-Timer (Part 1) # opensource # git # tutorial # beginners 39 reactions Comments 6 comments 3 min read Open Source Engagement: What's Working Now? Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Dec 10 '25 Open Source Engagement: What's Working Now? # discuss # opensource # community 28 reactions Comments 4 comments 3 min read Want to connect with Ayu Adiati? Create an account to connect with Ayu Adiati. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Beyond Hacktoberfest: Building a True Open Source Journey Hacktoberfest: Open Source Reflections Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Oct 27 '25 Beyond Hacktoberfest: Building a True Open Source Journey # opensource # hacktoberfest # codenewbie # beginners 22 reactions Comments 8 comments 7 min read My First Video Tutorials Contribution for Hacktoberfest Hacktoberfest: Contribution Chronicles Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Oct 22 '25 My First Video Tutorials Contribution for Hacktoberfest # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie 31 reactions Comments 7 comments 5 min read Giving non-code contributions the recognition they deserve Hacktoberfest: Maintainer Spotlight Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Oct 15 '25 Giving non-code contributions the recognition they deserve # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie 16 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Hacktoberfest: Making it Enjoyable for Contributors and Maintainers Hacktoberfest: Open Source Reflections Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Oct 13 '25 Hacktoberfest: Making it Enjoyable for Contributors and Maintainers # hacktoberfest # opensource # codenewbie # devchallenge 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read How I Built a Curated, Automated Open Source Portfolio Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Oct 6 '25 How I Built a Curated, Automated Open Source Portfolio # opensource # vibecoding # webdev # codenewbie 36 reactions Comments 10 comments 8 min read Goals Check-In: How's Your Progress Flowing? Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Apr 30 '25 Goals Check-In: How's Your Progress Flowing? # challenge # community # resolution2025 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Hello, 2025: The One Big Goal Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jan 26 '25 Hello, 2025: The One Big Goal # devchallenge # newyearchallenge # career 17 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Thank You, 2024: The Challenges and Achievements Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jan 9 '25 Thank You, 2024: The Challenges and Achievements # devchallenge # newyearchallenge # career 35 reactions Comments 12 comments 6 min read Join Virtual Coffee in New Year, New Goal: Setting One Big Goal and Achieving It! Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Dec 30 '24 Join Virtual Coffee in New Year, New Goal: Setting One Big Goal and Achieving It! # challenge # community # resolution2025 # watercooler 23 reactions Comments 4 comments 4 min read Monthly Challenge: Creative Community Challenge! Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Nov 30 '24 Monthly Challenge: Creative Community Challenge! # watercooler # community 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Open Source is For Everyone: First Experience in Non-Code Contribution to Mautic during Hacktoberfest 2024 Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 19 '24 Open Source is For Everyone: First Experience in Non-Code Contribution to Mautic during Hacktoberfest 2024 # opensource # hacktoberfest 18 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Hacktoberfest 2024: My 2nd Year Experience as A Maintainer Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 3 '24 Hacktoberfest 2024: My 2nd Year Experience as A Maintainer # devchallenge # hacktoberfest # opensource 17 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read Hacktoberfest 2024: Why You Should Participate Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Sep 30 '24 Hacktoberfest 2024: Why You Should Participate # opensource # hacktoberfest 53 reactions Comments 5 comments 6 min read Monthly Challenge: Welcoming Community! Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Jul 1 '24 Monthly Challenge: Welcoming Community! # challenge # community 10 reactions Comments 3 comments 2 min read Monthly Challenge: Mid-Year Check-In — Recharge and Refocus for an Amazing Second Half! Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee May 31 '24 Monthly Challenge: Mid-Year Check-In — Recharge and Refocus for an Amazing Second Half! # challenge # community # goals # motivation 7 reactions Comments 3 comments 2 min read From Contributor to Maintainer: My Journey in Open Source Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow May 21 '24 From Contributor to Maintainer: My Journey in Open Source # watercooler # opensource # codenewbie 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Streamline Your Contributions: Mastering Issue Forms and PR Templates Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for OpenSauced May 9 '24 Streamline Your Contributions: Mastering Issue Forms and PR Templates # opensource # codenewbie # beginners # tutorial 23 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Bridges, Not Walls: The Importance of Documentation in Open Source Projects Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for OpenSauced Apr 30 '24 Building Bridges, Not Walls: The Importance of Documentation in Open Source Projects # opensource # codenewbie # beginners # documentation 15 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read The Secret Recipe to Getting Your Pull Requests Reviewed (and Merged) Faster Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for OpenSauced Apr 23 '24 The Secret Recipe to Getting Your Pull Requests Reviewed (and Merged) Faster # opensource # codenewbie # beginners 17 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read The Missing Piece: Why Your Project Needs a Maintainer Onboarding Process Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for OpenSauced Apr 18 '24 The Missing Piece: Why Your Project Needs a Maintainer Onboarding Process # opensource 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Collaborate, Conquer, & Grow: Mastering the Art of Issue Management for Open Source Projects Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for OpenSauced Mar 5 '24 Collaborate, Conquer, & Grow: Mastering the Art of Issue Management for Open Source Projects # opensource 30 reactions Comments 4 comments 5 min read Join Virtual Coffee in the Get Job Ready Challenge! Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Feb 29 '24 Join Virtual Coffee in the Get Job Ready Challenge! # career # learning # webdev 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Join Virtual Coffee in the Month of Learning Challenge! Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Jan 31 '24 Join Virtual Coffee in the Month of Learning Challenge! # webdev # learning # codenewbie # community 9 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Open Source Project Ideas Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jan 24 '24 Open Source Project Ideas # discuss # opensource # webdev 19 reactions Comments 11 comments 1 min read Join Virtual Coffee in New Year, New Goals! Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Jan 1 '24 Join Virtual Coffee in New Year, New Goals! # webdev # codenewbie # community # devresolutions2024 18 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read 🌟 #DEVImpact2023: My End of Year Reflections Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Dec 29 '23 🌟 #DEVImpact2023: My End of Year Reflections # devimpact2023 # opensource # community # devjournal 27 reactions Comments 12 comments 6 min read How to Become a Better Open Source Maintainer Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 30 '23 How to Become a Better Open Source Maintainer # discuss # opensource # codenewbie # webdev 22 reactions Comments 8 comments 5 min read How to Resolve Merge Conflicts Using the Merge Editor Feature on VS Code Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 22 '23 How to Resolve Merge Conflicts Using the Merge Editor Feature on VS Code # opensource # git # vscode # webdev 26 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Building Your Brand as a Developer Through Open Source Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 21 '23 Building Your Brand as a Developer Through Open Source # opensource # codenewbie # beginners # webdev 16 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Hacktoberfest 2023: First Experience as a Maintainer Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Oct 20 '23 Hacktoberfest 2023: First Experience as a Maintainer # hack23maintainer # hacktoberfest23 # opensource # hacktoberfest 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Hacktoberfest23: The 5th Year Contributor Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Oct 19 '23 Hacktoberfest23: The 5th Year Contributor # hack23contributor # hacktoberfest23 # opensource 12 reactions Comments 6 comments 3 min read Ayu's Hacktoberfest 2023 Pledge Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Oct 1 '23 Ayu's Hacktoberfest 2023 Pledge # hacktoberfest23 # opensource # codenewbie 13 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Hacktoberfest 2023: Let's Make Positive Impacts, Learn & Grow Together in Open Source! Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Oct 1 '23 Hacktoberfest 2023: Let's Make Positive Impacts, Learn & Grow Together in Open Source! # hacktoberfest23 # opensource # webdev 11 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read How Important is a Code of Conduct in an Open-Source Project? Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Sep 26 '23 How Important is a Code of Conduct in an Open-Source Project? # discuss # opensource # community # watercooler 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read #100DaysOfOSS Recap: Day 28-50 Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Sep 11 '23 #100DaysOfOSS Recap: Day 28-50 # opensource # codenewbie # beginners # webdev 5 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read Open Source and Git Glossary Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Aug 30 '23 Open Source and Git Glossary # opensource # codenewbie # beginners # webdev 11 reactions Comments 8 comments 4 min read #100DaysOfOSS Recap: Day 15-27 Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Aug 18 '23 #100DaysOfOSS Recap: Day 15-27 # opensource # codenewbie # beginners # webdev 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Communicate Better in Open Source Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Aug 14 '23 How to Communicate Better in Open Source # opensource # codenewbie # beginners # webdev 44 reactions Comments 5 comments 4 min read #100DaysOfOSS Recap: Day 1-14 Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Aug 7 '23 #100DaysOfOSS Recap: Day 1-14 # opensource # codenewbie # webdev # beginners 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building Portfolio with Next.js: Add Navbar, Footer, and Metadata Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jul 20 '23 Building Portfolio with Next.js: Add Navbar, Footer, and Metadata # nextjs # buildinpublic # webdev # beginners 27 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building Portfolio with Next.js: Migrate to App Router Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jul 19 '23 Building Portfolio with Next.js: Migrate to App Router # buildinpublic # nextjs # webdev # beginners 6 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read How to Install pnpm with npm on Windows 11 Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jul 12 '23 How to Install pnpm with npm on Windows 11 # tutorial # webdev # beginners # codenewbie 192 reactions Comments 14 comments 3 min read Building Portfolio with Next.js: Add Pages Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jul 11 '23 Building Portfolio with Next.js: Add Pages # buildinpublic # nextjs # webdev # beginners 20 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building Portfolio: Install Next.js and Tailwind with pnpm Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jul 10 '23 Building Portfolio: Install Next.js and Tailwind with pnpm # webdev # buildinpublic # nextjs # tailwindcss 32 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Which Package Managers? Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jul 7 '23 Which Package Managers? # discuss # webdev # codenewbie # beginners 14 reactions Comments 11 comments 1 min read Getting Back to Coding with Learning and Building in Public Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jul 5 '23 Getting Back to Coding with Learning and Building in Public # codenewbie # beginners # webdev 19 reactions Comments 8 comments 4 min read Tips From A Shy Introvert: How To Engage And Get More Involved In A Community Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Jan 10 '23 Tips From A Shy Introvert: How To Engage And Get More Involved In A Community # discuss 15 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read What Makes You Stay In A Community? Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 29 '22 What Makes You Stay In A Community? # discuss # node 33 reactions Comments 13 comments 3 min read 7 Supportive Tech Communities You Want To Be Part Of Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 29 '22 7 Supportive Tech Communities You Want To Be Part Of # watercooler # writing # productivity 77 reactions Comments 12 comments 5 min read Planning And Tracking Projects With GitHub's Projects Tool Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 26 '22 Planning And Tracking Projects With GitHub's Projects Tool # emptystring 20 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Audio Media Accessibility: How To Improve Audio Media Transcriptions Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Nov 23 '22 Audio Media Accessibility: How To Improve Audio Media Transcriptions # a11y # beginners # codenewbie # tutorial 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read I Learned About Audio Media Accessibility (And More!) From Improving Tech Podcast Transcriptions Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Nov 14 '22 I Learned About Audio Media Accessibility (And More!) From Improving Tech Podcast Transcriptions # a11y # codenewbie # beginners 9 reactions Comments 4 comments 5 min read Collective NaNoWriMo: Let's Write Together! Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow for Virtual Coffee Nov 9 '22 Collective NaNoWriMo: Let's Write Together! # watercooler # writing # challenge # codenewbie 22 reactions Comments 10 comments 4 min read Mini Portfolio: Bring Your GitHub Profile To The Next Level Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Sep 12 '22 Mini Portfolio: Bring Your GitHub Profile To The Next Level # github # tutorial # beginners # webdev 245 reactions Comments 24 comments 8 min read What I Learned From Collaboration In Building An E-commerce Product Page Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Sep 4 '22 What I Learned From Collaboration In Building An E-commerce Product Page # watercooler # webdev # beginners # codenewbie 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How To Get Unstuck In Coding With The Power Of Community Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Aug 27 '22 How To Get Unstuck In Coding With The Power Of Community # watercooler # codenewbie # beginners # community 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Failing Is Not Failure — What I Learned From Failed Interviews Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow Aug 22 '22 Failing Is Not Failure — What I Learned From Failed Interviews # watercooler # career # codenewbie 28 reactions Comments 5 comments 4 min read Should Developers Put Themselves Out There? Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow May 5 '22 Should Developers Put Themselves Out There? # discuss # watercooler 26 reactions Comments 34 comments 1 min read Turn Your Blog Post Into A Virtual Talk Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow May 4 '22 Turn Your Blog Post Into A Virtual Talk # watercooler # tutorial # codenewbie # writing 24 reactions Comments 8 comments 8 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close PHP Follow Hide Home for all the PHP-related posts on Dev.to! Create Post submission guidelines Let's please follow some simple, sensible guidelines: ✔ Posts should be directly related to the official PHP language, not FaceBook's Hack or some other dialect. ✔ If you need very specific help (deploying Laravel on shared hosting, using mcrypt_decrypt, etc., Dev.to might not be the best platform) ✔ Yes, PHP is an old tech with several flaws, but reiterating them doesn't help anyone. ✔ Don't post a video/image or your projects without a proper introduction. ✔ Always include relevant code snippets. ✔ Arguing is encouraged; being an asshole is not! about #php Created in 1994, PHP is the lingua franca for Web development. While it gets bashed a lot for bad design, the PHP 7 series has added everything a modern dev can ask for. Unless your needs are very specific and specialized, PHP is always a great choice for starting a new project! Older #php posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 424 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Building a Serverless PHP Application with Bref, Symfony, and DynamoDB Session Management Rafael Bernard Araújo Rafael Bernard Araújo Rafael Bernard Araújo Follow Jan 13 Building a Serverless PHP Application with Bref, Symfony, and DynamoDB Session Management # php # bref # serverless # aws 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 19 min read Filament slow on large table? Optimize with Postgres partitions yebor974 yebor974 yebor974 Follow for Filament Mastery Jan 13 Filament slow on large table? Optimize with Postgres partitions # filament # laravel # php # postgres Comments Add Comment 3 min read Production-Ready ElasticSearch with Symfony 7.4: The Senior Guide Matt Mochalkin Matt Mochalkin Matt Mochalkin Follow Jan 13 Production-Ready ElasticSearch with Symfony 7.4: The Senior Guide # symfony # elasticsearch # php # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read From Docker Errors to Production-Ready: Building a PHP Microservices CI/CD Pipeline Alan Varghese Alan Varghese Alan Varghese Follow Jan 13 From Docker Errors to Production-Ready: Building a PHP Microservices CI/CD Pipeline # webdev # devops # php # beginners Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why I Divorced Laravel Observers Rafhael Marsigli Rafhael Marsigli Rafhael Marsigli Follow Jan 12 Why I Divorced Laravel Observers # laravel # php # architecture # backend Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚀 Building a Modern PHP Microservices Architecture with Docker Alan Varghese Alan Varghese Alan Varghese Follow Jan 12 🚀 Building a Modern PHP Microservices Architecture with Docker # php # docker # microservices # devops Comments Add Comment 7 min read Neuron AI Laravel SDK Valerio Valerio Valerio Follow for Inspector.dev Jan 12 Neuron AI Laravel SDK # laravel # ai # agents # php Comments Add Comment 4 min read Laravel Pulse card for Clean Architecture UseCase Giacomo Masseroni Giacomo Masseroni Giacomo Masseroni Follow Jan 12 Laravel Pulse card for Clean Architecture UseCase # php # laravel Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why I Benchmarked 1,000+ Hosting Providers Using a Mathematical Formula (and why most reviews are wrong) TechJournal TechJournal TechJournal Follow Jan 12 Why I Benchmarked 1,000+ Hosting Providers Using a Mathematical Formula (and why most reviews are wrong) # web # php # host # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read DFS and BFS algorithm in php Sadiul Hakim Sadiul Hakim Sadiul Hakim Follow Jan 12 DFS and BFS algorithm in php # php # algorithms # dfs # bfs Comments Add Comment 2 min read PHP SPL: Stack and Queue Tutorial Sadiul Hakim Sadiul Hakim Sadiul Hakim Follow Jan 12 PHP SPL: Stack and Queue Tutorial # php # datastructure # stack # queue Comments Add Comment 2 min read TR Adres (PHP): Turkey address hierarchy without SQL imports / SQL’siz Türkiye adres verisi Mehmet Bulat Mehmet Bulat Mehmet Bulat Follow Jan 12 TR Adres (PHP): Turkey address hierarchy without SQL imports / SQL’siz Türkiye adres verisi # webdev # opensource # php # composer Comments Add Comment 3 min read Clean Code em PHP moderno. Daniel Camucatto Daniel Camucatto Daniel Camucatto Follow Jan 11 Clean Code em PHP moderno. # backend # codequality # php Comments Add Comment 2 min read Belajar API Laravel: Dari Problem ke Solusi! Muhammad Dhiyaul Atha Muhammad Dhiyaul Atha Muhammad Dhiyaul Atha Follow Jan 11 Belajar API Laravel: Dari Problem ke Solusi! # laravel # php # api # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read Bridging Rust and PHP with whyNot: A Learner’s Journey Milton Vafana Milton Vafana Milton Vafana Follow Jan 11 Bridging Rust and PHP with whyNot: A Learner’s Journey # rust # php # interoperability # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Laravel Artisan Commands – Practical Tutorial Sadiul Hakim Sadiul Hakim Sadiul Hakim Follow Jan 11 Laravel Artisan Commands – Practical Tutorial # php # laravel # artisan Comments Add Comment 3 min read Demystifying Docker - Part 2 Paul Clegg Paul Clegg Paul Clegg Follow Jan 11 Demystifying Docker - Part 2 # docker # laravel # containers # php Comments Add Comment 9 min read How I Fixed the dyld: Symbol not found Error After Updating PHP 8.4 in Laravel Herd (macOS Monterey) Timothy Adeleke Timothy Adeleke Timothy Adeleke Follow Jan 10 How I Fixed the dyld: Symbol not found Error After Updating PHP 8.4 in Laravel Herd (macOS Monterey) # help # fix # php # laravel 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Built a Zuora Workflow Manager with Laravel 12 + Filament (Full Tech Stack Walkthrough) Davide Davide Davide Follow Jan 10 I Built a Zuora Workflow Manager with Laravel 12 + Filament (Full Tech Stack Walkthrough) # laravel # php # filament # opensource Comments Add Comment 10 min read Das Coder Labor Ihre zentrale Anlaufstelle für PHP Entwicklung und Community Mirko Stahnke Mirko Stahnke Mirko Stahnke Follow Jan 10 Das Coder Labor Ihre zentrale Anlaufstelle für PHP Entwicklung und Community # php # labor # coder Comments Add Comment 1 min read Joomla View Logs component v.2.3.0 has been released! Sergey Tolkachyov Sergey Tolkachyov Sergey Tolkachyov Follow Jan 11 Joomla View Logs component v.2.3.0 has been released! # joomla # coding # php # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read When CRUD Tables Are No Longer Enough giuliopanda giuliopanda giuliopanda Follow Jan 9 When CRUD Tables Are No Longer Enough # php Comments Add Comment 4 min read Demystifying Docker Paul Clegg Paul Clegg Paul Clegg Follow Jan 9 Demystifying Docker # php # webdev # containers # docker Comments Add Comment 8 min read How to Properly Deprecate API Endpoints in Laravel Bilal Haidar Bilal Haidar Bilal Haidar Follow Jan 9 How to Properly Deprecate API Endpoints in Laravel # php # laravel # architecture Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to Check External API Throttle Limit in Laravel Ankit Verma Ankit Verma Ankit Verma Follow Jan 10 How to Check External API Throttle Limit in Laravel # programming # webdev # php # laravel Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources I built my own S3 for $5/mo Shared Hosting (because no one else did) 3607. 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Become a member of the PSF and help advance the software and our mission. ▲ Back to Top About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Contributing Developer's Guide Issue Tracker python-dev list Core Mentorship Report a Security Issue ▲ Back to Top Help & General Contact Diversity Initiatives Submit Website Bug Status Copyright ©2001-2026. 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https://www.python.org/psf/newsletter/#top | PSF Newsletter Signup | Python Software Foundation Notice: While JavaScript is not essential for this website, your interaction with the content will be limited. Please turn JavaScript on for the full experience. Skip to content ▼ Close Python PSF Docs PyPI Jobs Community ▲ The Python Network Donate ≡ Menu Search This Site GO A A Smaller Larger Reset Socialize LinkedIn Mastodon Chat on IRC Twitter About Mission Statement Board of Directors & Officers PSF Staff Annual Impact Report Fiscal Sponsorees Public Records Legal & Policies PSF FAQ Developers in Residence Sponsorship PSF Sponsors Apply to Sponsor Sponsorship Prospectus 2025-26 Membership Sign up as a Member of the PSF! Membership FAQ PSF Elections Nominate a Fellow & Fellows Roster Donate End of year fundraiser 2025: Python is for Everyone Donate to the PSF Become a Supporting Member of the PSF PSF Matching Donations Volunteer Volunteer for the PSF PSF Work Groups Volunteer for PyCon US Grants Grants program Grants Program FAQ PyCon US News & Community Subscribe to the Newsletter PSF Blog Python Community Code of Conduct Community Awards Discourse PSF >>> News & Community >>> Subscribe to the Newsletter PSF Newsletter Signup Sign up for our approximately quarterly newsletter to receive important community news. You can view past issues here . Follow @ThePSF on Mastodon or X (Twitter) for the latest information. Subscribe * indicates required Email Address * Nickname * Full Name Contact Permissions (GDPR Compliance) Please select all the ways you would like to hear from Python Software Foundation: Newsletter You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link in the footer of our emails. For information about our privacy practices, please visit our website. We use Mailchimp as our marketing platform. By clicking below to subscribe, you acknowledge that your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing. Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here. The PSF The Python Software Foundation is the organization behind Python. Become a member of the PSF and help advance the software and our mission. ▲ Back to Top About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Contributing Developer's Guide Issue Tracker python-dev list Core Mentorship Report a Security Issue ▲ Back to Top Help & General Contact Diversity Initiatives Submit Website Bug Status Copyright ©2001-2026. Python Software Foundation Legal Statements Privacy Notice Powered by PSF Community Infrastructure --> | 2026-01-13T08:49:13 |
https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/applying-first-principles-questioning-to-a-real-company-interview-question-2c0j#ask-this-out-loud-in-the-interview | Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.python.org/doc/av#content | Audio/Video Instructional Materials for Python | Python.org Notice: While JavaScript is not essential for this website, your interaction with the content will be limited. Please turn JavaScript on for the full experience. Skip to content ▼ Close Python PSF Docs PyPI Jobs Community ▲ The Python Network Donate ≡ Menu Search This Site GO A A Smaller Larger Reset Socialize LinkedIn Mastodon Chat on IRC Twitter About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Audio/Video Instructional Materials for Python There is a growing body of podcasts, screencasts and video presentations for the Python community. This page collects some of the best. Podcast Repositories core.py Pablo Galindo and Łukasz Langa talk about Python internals, because they work on Python internals. PyPodcats Hidden Figures of Python podcast series. Our goal is to highlight the contributions and accomplishments of the underrepresented group members in the Python community. Talk Python To Me A podcast on Python and related technologies. The Real Python Podcast Hear what’s new in the world of Python programming and become a more effective Pythonista. Python Bytes Python headlines delivered directly to your earbuds. Python People A podcast about getting to know the people who help make the Python community great. Django Chat A podcast on the Django Web Framework by Will Vincent and Carlton Gibson. Pybites Podcast A podcast about Python development, career and mindset skills. Sad Python Girls Club Refreshing insights of the VS Code Python team, with authentic perspectives on the Python ecosystem and how VS Code fits in it. Inactive Podcast Repositories Test and Code Practical automated testing for software engineers using Python. Python Community News A look at the news around and impacting the Python Community. Podcast.__init__ A podcast about Python and the people who make it great. Radio Free Python A podcast of Python news and interviews by Larry Hastings. From Python import podcast From Python Import Podcast is a bimonthly podcast dedicated to sharing thoughts, opinions, rants, and intelligent discussion about all things Python. A Little Bit of Python An occasional podcast on Python by Michael Foord , Steve Holden , Andrew Kuchling , Dr. Brett Cannon and Jesse Noller . Python411 Python411 is a series of podcasts about Python presented by Ron Stephens, aimed at hobbyists and others who are learning Python. Each episode focuses on one aspect of learning Python, or one kind of Python programming, and points to online tools and tutorials. Python related news and events will also be reported upon as well as interviews with key Python contributors. Ron has built up quite a collection of podcasts since he started in May 2005 - over fifty as of April 2007. They are great for listening to on the train or in traffic. The site provides an XML/RSS feed to which you can subscribe with your favorite reader or make a live bookmark of dropdown podcast titles using Mozilla Firefox. Djangodose A podcast about all things Django, discussing new features in the development tree, how-tos, and listener questions. Jython Monthly Interviews and coverage of specific Jython-related events in a pseudo-live podcast fashion. PyCon Podcast The PyCon podcast carries recordings of talks from the PyCon conference . Hear the talks you missed! 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https://dev.to/codecraft_diary_3d13677fb/testing-database-logic-what-to-test-what-to-skip-and-why-it-matters-2ff8 | Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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Report Abuse CodeCraft Diary Posted on Jan 6 • Originally published at codecraftdiary.com Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters # programming # php # testing # development Testing (7 Part Series) 1 Why Writing Tests Early Saves Time (and Headaches) 2 Unit Testing in PHP: How to Catch Bugs Before They Bite ... 3 more parts... 3 Feature Testing in PHP: Ensuring the Whole System Works Together 4 Writing Maintainable Feature test(Real Laravel example) 5 Mocking, Stubbing, Spying, and Faking in PHP: A Practical Guide (with Sandbox Example) 6 How to Test Legacy Laravel Code Without Refactoring First 7 Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters Database logic is one of the hardest parts of an application to test properly. Not because it is exotic or complex, but because it sits at the intersection of business rules, data consistency, performance, and evolution over time . In real projects, database tests are often either ignored completely or written in a way that makes the test suite slow, brittle, and painful to maintain. In this article, I want to share a practical approach to testing database logic and migrations , based on real-world Laravel projects—not theory, not toy examples. The goal is simple: tests that give you confidence when refactoring, adding features, or deploying schema changes. Previous article of this category: https://codecraftdiary.com/2025/12/13/testing-legacy-php-code-practical-strategies/ What “Database Logic” Really Means When developers say “database logic,” they usually mean more than just CRUD operations. In practice, this includes: Model-level rules (computed fields, state transitions) Constraints enforced by the database (unique indexes, foreign keys) Side effects triggered by persistence (events, observers, jobs) Migrations that evolve schema safely over time Queries that encode business assumptions Testing database logic is not about testing the database engine itself. It is about verifying that your application behaves correctly when real data is involved. Choosing the Right Level of Testing One of the most common mistakes is trying to test everything with unit tests. Pure unit tests are great, but they fall short when logic depends on the database. In practice, I recommend splitting database-related tests into three categories: Fast model and query tests (SQLite in memory or test database) Integration tests for relationships and constraints Migration tests focused on safety, not perfection You do not need to test everything at every level. You need to test what can realistically break. Setting Up a Reliable Test Database A stable test setup is more important than the test code itself. In Laravel, the default approach works well: DB_CONNECTION=sqlite DB_DATABASE=:memory: Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This gives you fast feedback and clean isolation. However, be aware of one important limitation: SQLite behaves differently from MySQL/PostgreSQL , especially with foreign keys and JSON columns. If your production logic depends heavily on database-specific behavior, consider running tests against the same engine using Docker or CI. The key rule is consistency: tests should fail for the same reasons in CI as in production. Testing Models with Real Constraints Let’s start with something simple but meaningful: enforcing uniqueness. Imagine a users table where email must be unique. Migration: Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->string('email')->unique(); $table->timestamps(); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead of testing validation only, test the actual database behavior: public function test_user_email_must_be_unique() { User::factory()->create([ 'email' => 'test@example.com', ]); $this->expectException(QueryException::class); User::factory()->create([ 'email' => 'test@example.com', ]); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This test does not care how validation is implemented. It asserts a hard guarantee: the database will never allow duplicate emails. These tests are cheap, fast, and extremely valuable during refactors. Testing Relationships and Data Integrity Relationships are another frequent source of subtle bugs. Example: an Order must always belong to a User . Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->id(); $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete(); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode A practical test focuses on behavior, not structure: public function test_orders_are_deleted_when_user_is_deleted() { $user = User::factory()->create(); $order = Order::factory()->create([ 'user_id' => $user->id, ]); $user->delete(); $this->assertDatabaseMissing('orders', [ 'id' => $order->id, ]); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This test protects you against accidental changes to foreign keys or cascade rules—something that happens more often than people admit. Avoiding Over-Mocking Database Behavior A common anti-pattern is mocking Eloquent models or repositories for database logic. This usually leads to tests that pass while production breaks. If logic depends on: database constraints transaction behavior actual persisted state then do not mock it . For example, testing a transactional operation: DB::transaction(function () { $order->markAsPaid() $invoice->generate(); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The correct test verifies the final state, not method calls: public function test_order_is_paid_and_invoice_is_created() { $order = Order::factory()->create(); $service = new OrderPaymentService(); $service->pay($order); $this->assertDatabaseHas('orders', [ 'id' => $order->id, 'status' => 'paid', ]); $this->assertDatabaseHas('invoices', [ 'order_id' => $order->id, ]); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This kind of test survives refactoring far better than mocks. Testing Migrations Without Overengineering Migration tests are often skipped entirely, or tested in unrealistic ways. You do not need to test every column. You need to test risk . Good candidates for migration tests: Data transformations Column renames Backfilled values Dropping or tightening constraints Example: adding a non-null column with a default. Migration: Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->boolean('is_active')->default(true); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Test: public function test_existing_users_are_active_after_migration() { $user = User::factory()->create([ 'is_active' => null, ]); $this->artisan('migrate'); $user->refresh(); $this->assertTrue($user->is_active); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This test protects against a very real production issue: broken deployments due to invalid existing data. Keeping Tests Fast as the Project Grows Database tests have a reputation for being slow. In most projects, this is not because of the database—it is because of test design . A few pragmatic rules: Use factories with minimal defaults Avoid unnecessary seeding Reset the database using transactions when possible Do not test the same constraint in ten different tests Speed is not just convenience. Slow tests get skipped , and skipped tests are worse than no tests. What Not to Test Equally important is knowing what not to test: Laravel’s internal Eloquent behavior Database engine implementation details Framework-provided migrations Simple getters/setters with no logic Focus on business guarantees , not mechanical implementation. Final Thoughts Testing database logic and migrations is not about achieving 100% coverage. It is about reducing fear—fear of refactoring, fear of deployments, fear of touching old code. Well-written database tests act as executable documentation. They tell future you (or your teammates) what must never break, even when the codebase evolves. If there is one takeaway, it is this: Test the database as a collaborator, not as an external dependency. That mindset alone will significantly improve both your test suite and your confidence in the system. Testing (7 Part Series) 1 Why Writing Tests Early Saves Time (and Headaches) 2 Unit Testing in PHP: How to Catch Bugs Before They Bite ... 3 more parts... 3 Feature Testing in PHP: Ensuring the Whole System Works Together 4 Writing Maintainable Feature test(Real Laravel example) 5 Mocking, Stubbing, Spying, and Faking in PHP: A Practical Guide (with Sandbox Example) 6 How to Test Legacy Laravel Code Without Refactoring First 7 Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse CodeCraft Diary Follow Practical guides, insights, and lessons learned from building and testing real-world applications shared here on CodeCraft Diary. Location Dresden, Germany Joined Oct 18, 2025 More from CodeCraft Diary Introduce Parameter Object: A Refactoring Pattern That Scales # php # cleancode # programming # development Development Workflow: Why Most Teams Fail (And How to Fix It) # programming # webdev # development # software How to Test Legacy Laravel Code Without Refactoring First # programming # webdev # php # testing 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/whaaat_9819bdb68eccf5b8a/why-your-secret-sharing-tool-needs-post-quantum-cryptography-today-20j3#try-it-out | Why Your Secret Sharing Tool Needs Post-Quantum Cryptography Today - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Whaaat! Posted on Jan 12 Why Your Secret Sharing Tool Needs Post-Quantum Cryptography Today # security # cryptography # webdev # privacy The "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later" Threat Quantum computers capable of breaking RSA and ECC encryption don't exist yet. But here's the problem: adversaries are already collecting encrypted data today, planning to decrypt it once quantum computers arrive. For sensitive data that needs to remain confidential for years, this is a real threat. What is Post-Quantum Cryptography? Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) uses mathematical problems that are hard for both classical AND quantum computers to solve. In August 2024, NIST standardized three PQC algorithms: ML-KEM (Kyber) - Key encapsulation ML-DSA (Dilithium) - Digital signatures SLH-DSA (SPHINCS+) - Hash-based signatures Implementing PQC in a Web Application I recently added PQC support to NoTrust.now , a zero-knowledge secret sharing tool. Here's how: Key Exchange with ML-KEM-768 // Using crystals-kyber-js library import { MlKem768 } from ' crystals-kyber-js ' ; // Receiver generates keypair const [ publicKey , privateKey ] = await MlKem768 . generateKeyPair (); // Sender encapsulates a shared secret const [ ciphertext , sharedSecret ] = await MlKem768 . encapsulate ( publicKey ); // Receiver decapsulates to get the same shared secret const decryptedSecret = await MlKem768 . decapsulate ( ciphertext , privateKey ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Hybrid Approach For defense in depth, combine PQC with classical crypto: Generate ephemeral X25519 keypair (classical) Generate ephemeral ML-KEM-768 keypair (post-quantum) Combine both shared secrets: finalKey = HKDF(x25519Secret || kyberSecret) This ensures security even if one algorithm is broken. Try It Out You can test PQC secret sharing at NoTrust.now/createpqc . The encryption happens entirely in your browser - zero-knowledge architecture means the server never sees your plaintext. Resources NIST PQC Standards crystals-kyber-js Post-Quantum Cryptography for Developers What do you think about PQC adoption? Too early or just in time? Let me know in the comments. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Whaaat! Follow Joined Mar 27, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot SQLite Limitations and Internal Architecture # webdev # programming # database # architecture From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey # react # programming # webdev # performance How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions ZeeshanAli-0704 Results-driven Principal Applications Engineer with 9+ years of experience in scalable web app development using React, Angular, Node.js, and KnockoutJS across BFSI, Media, and Healthcare domains. Location INDIA Joined Joined on Aug 13, 2022 Email address alizeeshan0704@gmail.com Personal website https://zeeshanali-0704.github.io/ github website Pronouns he Work Oracle Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! 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Got it Close More info about @zeeshanali0704 GitHub Repositories ZeeshanAli-0704.github.io CSS Skills/Languages React-Redux , React-Native, JavaScript, jQuery, TypeScript, KnockOut Js, Chai, Mocha, Enzyme, Node.js, Express.js, React Testing Library, Basics of AWS, Webservices, Apache Wicket, JPA, EJB Currently learning Learning..... Currently hacking on systemDesign Post 405 posts published Comment 28 comments written Tag 15 tags followed Polyfil - useReducer ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 11 Polyfil - useReducer # interview # tutorial # javascript # react Comments Add Comment 5 min read Want to connect with ZeeshanAli-0704? Create an account to connect with ZeeshanAli-0704. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Polyfill - useEffect (React) ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 11 Polyfill - useEffect (React) # javascript # react # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Polyfill - useState (React) ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 11 Polyfill - useState (React) # javascript Comments Add Comment 4 min read Polyfill - call, apply & bind ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 11 Polyfill - call, apply & bind # javascript # interview Comments Add Comment 4 min read Polyfill - fetch ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 11 Polyfill - fetch # javascript # interview Comments Add Comment 1 min read React Coding Challenge : Stepper Form V1 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 10 React Coding Challenge : Stepper Form V1 Comments Add Comment 3 min read A Practical Guide to Browser Caching for Web Apps ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 7 A Practical Guide to Browser Caching for Web Apps # performance # tutorial # webdev Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Evolution of the Web: Comparing HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 7 The Evolution of the Web: Comparing HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3 # networking # performance # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Complete Guide to <script> Loading in Modern Web Apps: async, defer, and ES Modules ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 7 The Complete Guide to <script> Loading in Modern Web Apps: async, defer, and ES Modules # html # javascript # performance # webdev 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read React Coding Challenge : Card Flip Game ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Jan 1 React Coding Challenge : Card Flip Game # webdev # interview # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Coding Challenge : TIC-TAC-TOE ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 23 '25 React Coding Challenge : TIC-TAC-TOE # javascript # react # devchallenge # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Coding Challenge : Image carousel ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 23 '25 React Coding Challenge : Image carousel # webdev # interview Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Coding Challenge : Virtualize List - Restrict DOM element ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 23 '25 React Coding Challenge : Virtualize List - Restrict DOM element # webdev # interview # react Comments Add Comment 4 min read React Coding Challenge : Meeting Calendar ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 22 '25 React Coding Challenge : Meeting Calendar # webdev # interview # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Frontend System Design: Redux Toolkit vs Zustand vs Jotai ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 21 '25 Frontend System Design: Redux Toolkit vs Zustand vs Jotai # systemdesign # frontend # react # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read System Design Interview: Autocomplete / Type-ahead System (Final Part) ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 21 '25 System Design Interview: Autocomplete / Type-ahead System (Final Part) # systemdesign # algorithms # architecture # systemdesignwithzeeshanali Comments Add Comment 5 min read Autocomplete / Type-ahead System for a Search Box - Part 2 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 21 '25 Autocomplete / Type-ahead System for a Search Box - Part 2 # systemdesign # algorithms # interview # architecture Comments Add Comment 5 min read Autocomplete / Type-ahead System for a Search Box - Part 1 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 21 '25 Autocomplete / Type-ahead System for a Search Box - Part 1 # architecture # performance # systemdesign 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Permutations & Next Permutation ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 20 '25 Permutations & Next Permutation # algorithms # interview # computerscience # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read Fiber in React ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 3 '25 Fiber in React # react # computerscience # architecture # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Simplest possible Redux Thunk example ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 2 '25 Simplest possible Redux Thunk example # frontend # tutorial # javascript # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Frontend System Design: How do you structure Redux for a 200+ screen enterprise application? ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 2 '25 Frontend System Design: How do you structure Redux for a 200+ screen enterprise application? # architecture # javascript # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read FULL REDUX INTERNAL ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 2 '25 FULL REDUX INTERNAL # tutorial # architecture # react # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Modern Web UI ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 1 '25 Modern Web UI # frontend # css # ui # performance 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read Frontend System Design: Comparison of Web Worker, SharedWorker, and Service Worker ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 29 '25 Frontend System Design: Comparison of Web Worker, SharedWorker, and Service Worker # architecture # javascript # performance 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read React Coding Challenge : Nested Checkox ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 28 '25 React Coding Challenge : Nested Checkox # javascript # react # interview # ui 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Coding Challenge : React Folder Structure Implementation ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 25 '25 React Coding Challenge : React Folder Structure Implementation 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read PriorityQueue Implementation in Javascript ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 22 '25 PriorityQueue Implementation in Javascript Comments Add Comment 1 min read React Coding Challenge : Custom Hook - UseState ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 21 '25 React Coding Challenge : Custom Hook - UseState # javascript # react # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Coding Challenge : React Context API - Intersection Observer - useReducer ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 20 '25 React Coding Challenge : React Context API - Intersection Observer - useReducer Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Coding Challenge : Debounce in React Functional Component ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 15 '25 React Coding Challenge : Debounce in React Functional Component # webdev # react Comments Add Comment 2 min read LLD: Food Ordering / Delivery system in Java ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 11 '25 LLD: Food Ordering / Delivery system in Java # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # interview # systemdesign 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 15 min read Subarray Problem Types ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 8 '25 Subarray Problem Types # datastructures # interview Comments Add Comment 3 min read Java Collections Cheat Sheet with Examples ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 7 '25 Java Collections Cheat Sheet with Examples # beginners # java # resources # interview Comments Add Comment 3 min read Frontend System Design: Pinterest ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 5 '25 Frontend System Design: Pinterest # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # frontend # interview # fsdzeeshan 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 13 min read Frontend System Design: Scalable CSS Architecture ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Nov 2 '25 Frontend System Design: Scalable CSS Architecture # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # frontend # interview # fsdzeeshan 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Frontend System Design: What is the Critical Rendering Path (CRP) ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Oct 31 '25 Frontend System Design: What is the Critical Rendering Path (CRP) # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # frontend # interview # fsdzeeshan 7 reactions Comments 2 comments 7 min read Frontend System Design: CSS, CSSOM, and DOM Rendering in Browser ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Oct 31 '25 Frontend System Design: CSS, CSSOM, and DOM Rendering in Browser # frontend # interview # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # fsdzeeshan 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Frontend System Design: Facebook News Feed ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Oct 31 '25 Frontend System Design: Facebook News Feed # frontend # interview # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # fsdzeeshan 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Single Points of Failure - Example Case Study ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Oct 30 '25 Single Points of Failure - Example Case Study # systemdesignwithzeeshanali 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read System Design: How to Avoid Single Points of Failure (SPOFs) ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Oct 30 '25 System Design: How to Avoid Single Points of Failure (SPOFs) # systemdesignwithzeeshanali Comments Add Comment 7 min read How Razorpay Ensures Your Payment Succeeds — Even If Your Internet Drops ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Oct 19 '25 How Razorpay Ensures Your Payment Succeeds — Even If Your Internet Drops # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # interview Comments Add Comment 6 min read Flipkart - Big Billion Days - TechStack ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 24 '25 Flipkart - Big Billion Days - TechStack # systemdesignwithzeeshanali 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Load Balancer in System Design – Part 3: Load Balancing Algorithms ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 23 '25 Load Balancer in System Design – Part 3: Load Balancing Algorithms # systemdesignwithzeeshanali Comments Add Comment 4 min read Load Balancer in System Design – Part 2: Types of Load Balancers ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 23 '25 Load Balancer in System Design – Part 2: Types of Load Balancers # systemdesignwithzeeshanali 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Database Optimizations: Sharding ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 23 '25 Database Optimizations: Sharding # systemdesignwithzeeshanali 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Database Optimizations: Partitioning ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 23 '25 Database Optimizations: Partitioning # systemdesignwithzeeshanali 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Database Optimizations: Indexing ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 22 '25 Database Optimizations: Indexing # systemdesignwithzeeshanali 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Advanced Job Scheduling System - Part 2 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 22 '25 Advanced Job Scheduling System - Part 2 # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 10 min read Advanced Job Scheduling System: Part 1 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 22 '25 Advanced Job Scheduling System: Part 1 # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # javascript Comments 1 comment 7 min read Step 7: Design a Rate Limiter - Conclusion-Summary with FAQ's ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 18 '25 Step 7: Design a Rate Limiter - Conclusion-Summary with FAQ's # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # systemdesign 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Step 6: Design a Rate Limiter - Using Sorted Set in Redis ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 18 '25 Step 6: Design a Rate Limiter - Using Sorted Set in Redis # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # systemdesign 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Step 5: Design a Rate Limiter - Algorithm and Technique ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 18 '25 Step 5: Design a Rate Limiter - Algorithm and Technique # systemdesignwithzeeshanali # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 11 min read Step 4: Design a Rate Limiter - Distributed Environment Challenges ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 18 '25 Step 4: Design a Rate Limiter - Distributed Environment Challenges # systemdesign # systemdesignwithzeeshanali 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Step 3: Design a Rate Limiter - High Level Design (HLD) with Distributed Redis ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 18 '25 Step 3: Design a Rate Limiter - High Level Design (HLD) with Distributed Redis # systemdesign # systemdesignwithzeeshanali Comments Add Comment 9 min read Step 2: Design a Rate Limiter High - Level Design (HLD) ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 18 '25 Step 2: Design a Rate Limiter High - Level Design (HLD) # systemdesign # systemdesignwithzeeshanali Comments Add Comment 7 min read Typescript : Generic Data Fetch ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 16 '25 Typescript : Generic Data Fetch # javascript # typescript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read JavaScript project to TypeScript ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 15 '25 JavaScript project to TypeScript # javascript # typescript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Difference Between `readonly` and `const` in TypeScript ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 15 '25 Difference Between `readonly` and `const` in TypeScript # javascript # typescript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read TypeScript `unknown` vs `any`: Understanding the Key Differences ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Sep 15 '25 TypeScript `unknown` vs `any`: Understanding the Key Differences # typescript # javascript Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.python.org/doc/av#top | Audio/Video Instructional Materials for Python | Python.org Notice: While JavaScript is not essential for this website, your interaction with the content will be limited. Please turn JavaScript on for the full experience. Skip to content ▼ Close Python PSF Docs PyPI Jobs Community ▲ The Python Network Donate ≡ Menu Search This Site GO A A Smaller Larger Reset Socialize LinkedIn Mastodon Chat on IRC Twitter About Applications Quotes Getting Started Help Python Brochure Downloads All releases Source code Windows macOS Android Other Platforms License Alternative Implementations Documentation Docs Audio/Visual Talks Beginner's Guide FAQ Non-English Docs PEP Index Python Books Python Essays Community Diversity Mailing Lists IRC Forums PSF Annual Impact Report Python Conferences Special Interest Groups Python Logo Python Wiki Code of Conduct Community Awards Get Involved Shared Stories Success Stories Arts Business Education Engineering Government Scientific Software Development News Python News PSF Newsletter PSF News PyCon US News News from the Community Events Python Events User Group Events Python Events Archive User Group Events Archive Submit an Event Audio/Video Instructional Materials for Python There is a growing body of podcasts, screencasts and video presentations for the Python community. This page collects some of the best. Podcast Repositories core.py Pablo Galindo and Łukasz Langa talk about Python internals, because they work on Python internals. PyPodcats Hidden Figures of Python podcast series. Our goal is to highlight the contributions and accomplishments of the underrepresented group members in the Python community. Talk Python To Me A podcast on Python and related technologies. The Real Python Podcast Hear what’s new in the world of Python programming and become a more effective Pythonista. Python Bytes Python headlines delivered directly to your earbuds. Python People A podcast about getting to know the people who help make the Python community great. Django Chat A podcast on the Django Web Framework by Will Vincent and Carlton Gibson. Pybites Podcast A podcast about Python development, career and mindset skills. Sad Python Girls Club Refreshing insights of the VS Code Python team, with authentic perspectives on the Python ecosystem and how VS Code fits in it. Inactive Podcast Repositories Test and Code Practical automated testing for software engineers using Python. Python Community News A look at the news around and impacting the Python Community. Podcast.__init__ A podcast about Python and the people who make it great. Radio Free Python A podcast of Python news and interviews by Larry Hastings. From Python import podcast From Python Import Podcast is a bimonthly podcast dedicated to sharing thoughts, opinions, rants, and intelligent discussion about all things Python. A Little Bit of Python An occasional podcast on Python by Michael Foord , Steve Holden , Andrew Kuchling , Dr. Brett Cannon and Jesse Noller . Python411 Python411 is a series of podcasts about Python presented by Ron Stephens, aimed at hobbyists and others who are learning Python. Each episode focuses on one aspect of learning Python, or one kind of Python programming, and points to online tools and tutorials. Python related news and events will also be reported upon as well as interviews with key Python contributors. Ron has built up quite a collection of podcasts since he started in May 2005 - over fifty as of April 2007. They are great for listening to on the train or in traffic. The site provides an XML/RSS feed to which you can subscribe with your favorite reader or make a live bookmark of dropdown podcast titles using Mozilla Firefox. Djangodose A podcast about all things Django, discussing new features in the development tree, how-tos, and listener questions. Jython Monthly Interviews and coverage of specific Jython-related events in a pseudo-live podcast fashion. PyCon Podcast The PyCon podcast carries recordings of talks from the PyCon conference . Hear the talks you missed! Conference Talk and Video Lecture Repositories pyvideo.org An index to many talk and session videos made available by Python conferences and user groups around the world. The site makes it very easy to find interesting Python talk videos and displays them in a clean and uncluttered way. PyCon US on YouTube Keynotes, talks and tutorials from PyCon US 2020 onwards. EuroPython on YouTube Keynotes, talks and tutorials from EuroPython 2011 onwards. PyCon US 08 on YouTube Raw video of talks from the 2008 conference are available on YouTube. Because they're the raw video, presentation slides have not been edited into the recording and no cleanup of the audio has been done. The PSF The Python Software Foundation is the organization behind Python. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # robotics Follow Hide Create Post Older #robotics posts 1 2 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Gravity? Who Needs It: AI-Powered Levitation for Next-Gen Robotics Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 29 '25 Gravity? Who Needs It: AI-Powered Levitation for Next-Gen Robotics # robotics # ai # reinforcementlearning # automation Comments Add Comment 2 min read Maglev Robotics: Levitating Towards a Revolution in Automated Assembly Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 27 '25 Maglev Robotics: Levitating Towards a Revolution in Automated Assembly # robotics # ai # automation # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Memory for Robots: How Machines Could Remember and Adapt in 2025 Yolanda Young Yolanda Young Yolanda Young Follow Nov 27 '25 AI Memory for Robots: How Machines Could Remember and Adapt in 2025 # ai # machinelearning # futuretechnology # robotics Comments Add Comment 1 min read Untouchable: The Future of Robotics is Magnetic Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 30 '25 Untouchable: The Future of Robotics is Magnetic # robotics # ai # machinelearning # automation Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Self-Aware Robot: How Confidence Unlocks Clever Tool Use Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 23 '25 The Self-Aware Robot: How Confidence Unlocks Clever Tool Use # ai # robotics # machinelearning # innovation Comments Add Comment 2 min read Robot Toolsmiths: Why Confidence Isn't Creativity (Yet) Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 22 '25 Robot Toolsmiths: Why Confidence Isn't Creativity (Yet) # ai # robotics # machinelearning # innovation Comments Add Comment 2 min read Decoding Movement: Emulating Biological Motion for Smarter Robots Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 26 '25 Decoding Movement: Emulating Biological Motion for Smarter Robots # robotics # ai # simulation # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read Beyond Tool Use: Robots That Invent Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 22 '25 Beyond Tool Use: Robots That Invent # ai # robotics # machinelearning # futureofwork Comments Add Comment 2 min read Humanoid Robots 101: Understanding the Trillion-Dollar Opportunity Bob Jiang | awesomerobots Bob Jiang | awesomerobots Bob Jiang | awesomerobots Follow Nov 19 '25 Humanoid Robots 101: Understanding the Trillion-Dollar Opportunity # humanoid # robots # ai # robotics Comments Add Comment 9 min read Robot Reflection: Unlocking Ingenious AI with Self-Aware Machines Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 22 '25 Robot Reflection: Unlocking Ingenious AI with Self-Aware Machines # ai # robotics # machinelearning # innovation Comments Add Comment 2 min read WTF is Open Source RPA (Robotic Process Automation)? Daily Bugle Daily Bugle Daily Bugle Follow Nov 18 '25 WTF is Open Source RPA (Robotic Process Automation)? # rpa # automation # robotics 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Beyond Autopilot: Giving Robots the Gift of Self-Doubt Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 21 '25 Beyond Autopilot: Giving Robots the Gift of Self-Doubt # ai # robotics # machinelearning # futureofai Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Rise of Confident Machines: Autonomy Beyond Automation Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 21 '25 The Rise of Confident Machines: Autonomy Beyond Automation # ai # robotics # machinelearning # innovation Comments Add Comment 2 min read Distributed Storage in Mobile Robotics AnthonyCvn AnthonyCvn AnthonyCvn Follow for ReductStore Nov 17 '25 Distributed Storage in Mobile Robotics # database # ros # robotics 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read 🤖 RobotC — A C-Style Language Built for Educational Robotics and Embedded Motion Control Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Follow Nov 29 '25 🤖 RobotC — A C-Style Language Built for Educational Robotics and Embedded Motion Control # robotics # c # learning # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read 2025-12-08 Daily Robotics News Dan Dan Dan Follow Dec 8 '25 2025-12-08 Daily Robotics News # robotics Comments Add Comment 3 min read Predictive Robotics Monitoring Systems: The Next Frontier in Autonomous Reliability Pravin Barapatre Pravin Barapatre Pravin Barapatre Follow Nov 14 '25 Predictive Robotics Monitoring Systems: The Next Frontier in Autonomous Reliability # ai # robotics # architecture # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 3 min read Optical Flow: How Robots (and maybe your Phone) See Motion Nicanor Korir Nicanor Korir Nicanor Korir Follow Nov 14 '25 Optical Flow: How Robots (and maybe your Phone) See Motion # ai # robotics # computervision # nicanorkorir Comments Add Comment 7 min read CNNs: from a beginner's point of view Nicanor Korir Nicanor Korir Nicanor Korir Follow Nov 12 '25 CNNs: from a beginner's point of view # ai # robotics # machinelearning # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 7 min read Robot Immitation: A gentle Intro Nicanor Korir Nicanor Korir Nicanor Korir Follow Nov 12 '25 Robot Immitation: A gentle Intro # robotics # cv # ai # nicanorkorir Comments Add Comment 7 min read Getting started with Robotics Nicanor Korir Nicanor Korir Nicanor Korir Follow Nov 11 '25 Getting started with Robotics # ai # robotics # programming Comments Add Comment 7 min read How to Fully Integrate CoppeliaSim in Ubuntu (Command Line & Desktop) Chris Chris Chris Follow Nov 11 '25 How to Fully Integrate CoppeliaSim in Ubuntu (Command Line & Desktop) # robotics # simulation # tutorial # ubuntu Comments Add Comment 3 min read Beyond Behavior Trees: Unleashing Smarter Robots with Executable Knowledge by Arvind Sundararajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 21 '25 Beyond Behavior Trees: Unleashing Smarter Robots with Executable Knowledge by Arvind Sundararajan # robotics # ai # gamedev # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read Robot Dexterity: Mastering the Art of Spatial Awareness by Arvind Sundararajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 20 '25 Robot Dexterity: Mastering the Art of Spatial Awareness by Arvind Sundararajan # ai # robotics # machinelearning # python Comments Add Comment 2 min read Smarter Robot Paths: Predictive Motion Planning for Dynamic Worlds Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Nov 20 '25 Smarter Robot Paths: Predictive Motion Planning for Dynamic Worlds # robotics # ai # motionplanning # python Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/adiatiayu/methods-vs-computed-in-vue-21mj#comment-1fkhm | Methods vs Computed in Vue - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ayu Adiati Posted on Jun 25, 2021 Methods vs Computed in Vue # help # discuss # vue # codenewbie Hello 👋🏼, Lately I've been learning Vue. So today I learned about computed property. In my understanding (please correct me if I'm wrong), computed is the same as methods property, only it will be re-executed if data that are used within the property are changed. While methods property will be re-executed for any data changes within the page. In which condition is the best practice to use methods or computed ? Thank you in advance for any help 😊 Top comments (8) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Drew Clements Drew Clements Drew Clements Follow Just a developer with more ideas and aspirations than time to explore them all! Location On the line Work Fullstack Engineer at Zillow Joined May 8, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Another way to look at computed is that they can be used as dynamic data for every render. Methods are functions that can be called as normal JS functions, but computed properties will be “re-calculated” anytime some data changes in the component. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, Drew! So computed is more like a method to update data to be dynamic? When would we want to use methods or computed? Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Drew Clements Drew Clements Drew Clements Follow Just a developer with more ideas and aspirations than time to explore them all! Location On the line Work Fullstack Engineer at Zillow Joined May 8, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Exactly! Another important thing to note is that computed properties are available the same as properties in your data store So data () { return { number : 1 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode is the same as computed : { number () { return 1 } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Both would be available with using this.number or {{ number }} But, if you ever needed number to update based on something else in the component, then the computed would do it auto-magically. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you, Drew!!! 😃 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sulivan Braga Sulivan Braga Sulivan Braga Follow Location São Paulo, Brasil Joined Jun 26, 2021 • Jun 26 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It’s already answered but to mention, you cannot send params on computed. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 • Jun 26 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good to know this! Thank you, Sulivan 😃 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Aashutosh Anand Tiwari Follow Reacting on react Location Broswers Education Graduated Work Learner at WFH Joined Aug 6, 2020 • Apr 19 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I think we can Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Tim Poisson Tim Poisson Tim Poisson Follow Joined Nov 8, 2019 • Jul 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Also should mention that Computed Properties are automatically cached while Methods are not. If you are running an 'expensive' operation, it is best to cache this data as a Computed Property or else the function will re-run everytime the page refreshes which creates unnecessary overhead. For larger applications Computed Properties are typically used in conjunction with Vuex to help access global application data as well. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ayu Adiati Follow 👩💻 Software Engineer | ✍🏼 Tech Blogger | ▶ Open Source Maintainer & Contributor | 👥 Community Management Location The Netherlands Joined Mar 16, 2019 More from Ayu Adiati Beyond Hacktoberfest: Building a True Open Source Journey # opensource # hacktoberfest # codenewbie # beginners My First Video Tutorials Contribution for Hacktoberfest # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie Giving non-code contributions the recognition they deserve # hacktoberfest # opensource # nocode # codenewbie 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/johnstonlogan/react-hooks-barney-style-1hk7#setstate-vs-usestate-strings | useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Logan Johnston Posted on Sep 1, 2020 • Edited on Sep 9, 2020 useState() vs setState() - Strings, Objects, and Arrays # react # hook # codenewbie # beginners The purpose of this article is to break down the use of the useState() React hook in an easy way using strings, objects, and arrays. We will also take a look at how these would be handled in class components. Disclaimer - I would normally create an onChange function separately but I find it easier to understand with an inline function. What is the setState function? The setState function is used to handle the state object in a React class component. This is something you will see a lot of in the examples below. Anytime you see a this.setState() this is how we are setting the state in a class component. What is a hook in React? React hooks were introduced in React v16.8. They allow you to use state and other React features without the need to create a class. Examples: Class component Functional component While these two code snippets look similar they do have slight differences in syntax, lifecycle methods, and state management. setState() vs useState() - Strings. setState() Class Component Using state in a class component requires the building of a state object. This state object is then modified by calling this.setState("new state"). In this example, we've created a state = { value: '' } object which has a value key and that key is initialized as an empty string. We've assigned an onChange event to the input so that every time we add or remove a character to the input we are calling the this.setState() . Here we areupdating the state using the value of the input ( e.target.value ) and setting it to the components state. useState() Functional Component With a functional component, we can use React hooks, specifically the useState() hook. This simplifies the creation of a state component and the function that updates it. We import {useState} from React and we are able to simply create a state and a function to set that state (state: value , setState: setValue ). The initial state of this component is set when calling useState , in this example, we are setting it to an empty string ( useState("") ). The only difference between the functional component and the class component at this point is instead of calling this.setState we use the function we created in the useState , in this case, setValue . setState() vs useState() - Objects. setState() Class Component Since state in a class component is already an object, it's business as usual. Use setState to populate the values of the state object. With the example above the users userName and email is stored in the state similar to the string version we talked about above. useState() Functional Component When we want to use the useState hook for an object we are going to initialize it to an empty object useState({}) . In this example, we are using the same setValue that we did in the string example but we've added a few things to our setValue function. First, we use the spread syntax to expand the current value before we add a new key-value pair. Second, we dynamically set the key using [e.target.name] , in this case, we are creating the key using the input's "name" attribute. Lastly, we are setting that key's value to the e.target.value . So after using the inputs we have an object with two keys {userName: "", email: ""} and their values. Creating an object could also be accomplished using multiple useState hooks and then bundling them into an object later if needed. See the example below. Note: I have my own preference for how to deal with objects while using hooks, and as you get more familiar you may find you enjoy either the class or functional component more than the other. setState() vs useState() - Arrays. Using arrays in stateful components can be extremely powerful, especially when creating things like a todo list. In these examples, we will be creating a very simple todo list. setState() Class Component When using an array in a stateful class component we need at least two keys in our state object. One would be the array itself todoArr: [] and the other would be the value that we are going to be pushing into the array todo: "" . In this example, we use the onChange attribute for our input to set the todo in our state object. We then have our Add Item button which when clicked will call our addItem function. In the addItem function we are going to create a list variable which is is an array that spreads the current todoArr and then adds the new todo item to the end of it. After creating the list array we use the setState function to replace the current todoArr with the new one and then set the todo back to an empty string to clear the input. Lastly at the bottom, we map through the current todoArr . The setState function will cause the component to rerender so every time you add an item it is immediately rendered onto the page. useState() Functional Component Dealing with the hooks in a function component seems extremely similar to the class component. We use the setTodo function to set our todo value in the onChange attribute of our input. We then have the same addItem function attached to the click of our Add Item button. The only difference we see here is that we don't create a list variable to pass into the hook. We could have avoided this in the class component but I think the readability when using the variable is much better. With the hook, I don't think the use of creating the list array beforehand is needed. We can spread the current array, add the new item, and then set the current todo back to an empty string so we can clear the input. Conclusion While using functional components with hooks is the new hotness, the state management is still very similar to the class components. If you're looking to start using function components with hooks over class components hopefully this post has helped you understand a little bit more about how to implement them. Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand forthebest forthebest forthebest Follow Joined Dec 26, 2020 • Feb 11 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide thanks Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand kevhines kevhines kevhines Follow A programmer first, then ran a comedy school for the UCB theater, now a programmer again. Location Maplewood, NJ Joined Jan 15, 2021 • Jan 18 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide very clear! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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https://dev.to/rgbos/the-quiet-shift-why-my-browser-tab-now-stays-on-gemini-32pe#main-content | The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Rashi Posted on Jan 12 The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini # ai # productivity # chatgpt # gemini For the longest time, my digital life had a very specific rhythm. Whenever I hit a wall at work or needed a creative spark, my fingers would instinctively type "c-h-a-t" into the browser. ChatGPT was my first real introduction to the world of AI, and like many of us, I was hooked from day one. It felt like having a very smart, very fast friend who lived inside my laptop. But over the last few months, something has changed. I didn’t wake up one day and decide to switch; it was more like a slow, quiet migration. I started noticing that when I had a "real-world" problem to solve, I was reaching for Gemini instead. The transition really started with the frustration of the "copy-paste" dance. Like most people, my work lives in Google Docs and my communication lives in Gmail. I realized I was spending half my time acting as a middleman between my AI and my files. I would copy a long email thread, paste it into ChatGPT to summarize it, and then copy that summary back into a document. One day, I tried asking Gemini to do it directly. I typed a simple command asking it to find a specific project note in my Drive and draft a reply in my Gmail. When it actually did it—without me having to move a single piece of text myself—the friction I had grown used to suddenly vanished. Another reason for the shift is how Gemini handles the "messiness" of my life. I’m a visual learner, and I tend to take photos of things I don’t understand, like a weird error message on a dashboard or a confusing diagram in a textbook. While other models can see images, Gemini feels like it’s actually "looking" with me. It connects what it sees to the vast web of Google’s real-time information. If I show it a picture of a plant that’s dying in my office, it doesn’t just guess the species; it checks the local weather in my city and suggests a watering schedule based on the actual humidity outside my window. That level of real-world awareness makes it feel less like a chatbot and more like a personal assistant. Perhaps the biggest factor, though, is the feeling of trust. We’ve all had that moment where an AI tells us something that sounds perfectly true, only to find out later it was a total hallucination. Gemini has this "Double-Check" feature that has become my safety net. Being able to click a button and see exactly which parts of a response are backed up by Google Search results—and which parts might be a bit shaky—changed how I work. It turned the AI from a creative writer I had to second-guess into a research partner I could actually rely on for facts. I still have a lot of respect for ChatGPT, and I think it will always have a place for pure, imaginative writing. But as my day-to-day tasks become more complex and integrated with the web, I find myself needing a tool that lives where I live. Gemini doesn't feel like a separate destination I have to visit anymore; it feels like a natural extension of the way I already use the internet. It’s been a subtle change, but looking at my browser history today, the evidence is clear: the star icon is where I spend my time now. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Rashi Follow Software engineer specializing in scalable, user-focused applications. Skilled in full-stack development and cloud technologies, with a passion for elegant, efficient solutions. Joined Sep 13, 2025 More from Rashi The Danger of Letting AI Think for You # ai # discuss # productivity Beyond the Chatbot: The AI Tools Defining 2026 # agents # ai # llm The Next Shift in Development: From Coding to AI Orchestration # ai # career # softwaredevelopment 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/behruamm/how-i-built-a-magic-move-animation-engine-for-excalidraw-from-scratch-published-4lmp#4-making-it-feel-physical | How I built a "Magic Move" animation engine for Excalidraw from scratch published - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Behram Posted on Jan 12 How I built a "Magic Move" animation engine for Excalidraw from scratch published # webdev # react # animation # opensource I love Excalidraw for sketching system architectures. But sketches are static. When I want to show how a packet moves through a load balancer, or how a database shard splits, I have to wave my hands frantically or create 10 different slides. I wanted the ability to "Sketch Logic, Export Motion" . The Goal I didn't want a timeline editor (like After Effects). That's too much work for a simple diagram. I wanted "Keyless Animation" : Draw Frame 1 (The start state). Clone it to Frame 2 . Move elements to their new positions. The engine automatically figures out the transition. I built this engine using Next.js , Excalidraw , and Framer Motion . Here is a technical deep dive into how I implemented the logic. 1. The Core Logic: Diffing States The hardest part isn't the animation loop; it's the diffing . When we move from Frame A to Frame B , we identify elements by their stable IDs and categorize them into one of three buckets: Stable: The element exists in both frames (needs to morph/move). Entering: Exists in B but not A (needs to fade in). Exiting: Exists in A but not B (needs to fade out). I wrote a categorizeTransition utility that maps elements efficiently: // Simplified logic from src/utils/editor/transition-logic.ts export function categorizeTransition ( prevElements , currElements ) { const stable = []; const morphed = []; const entering = []; const exiting = []; const prevMap = new Map ( prevElements . map ( e => [ e . id , e ])); const currMap = new Map ( currElements . map ( e => [ e . id , e ])); // 1. Find Morphs (Stable) & Entering currElements . forEach ( curr => { if ( prevMap . has ( curr . id )) { const prev = prevMap . get ( curr . id ); // We separate "Stable" (identical) from "Morphed" (changed) // to optimize the render loop if ( areVisuallyIdentical ( prev , curr )) { stable . push ({ key : curr . id , element : curr }); } else { morphed . push ({ key : curr . id , start : prev , end : curr }); } } else { entering . push ({ key : curr . id , end : curr }); } }); // 2. Find Exiting prevElements . forEach ( prev => { if ( ! currMap . has ( prev . id )) { exiting . push ({ key : prev . id , start : prev }); } }); return { stable , morphed , entering , exiting }; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Interpolating Properties For the "Morphed" elements, we need to calculate the intermediate state at any given progress (0.0 to 1.0). You can't just use simple linear interpolation for everything. Numbers (x, y, width): Linear works fine. Colors (strokeColor): You must convert Hex to RGBA, interpolate each channel, and convert back. Angles: You need "shortest path" interpolation. If an object is at 10 degrees and rotates to 350 degrees , linear interpolation goes the long way around. We want it to just rotate -20 degrees. // src/utils/smart-animation.ts const angleProgress = ( oldAngle , newAngle , progress ) => { let diff = newAngle - oldAngle ; // Normalize to -PI to +PI to find shortest direction while ( diff > Math . PI ) diff -= 2 * Math . PI ; while ( diff < - Math . PI ) diff += 2 * Math . PI ; return oldAngle + diff * progress ; }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. The Render Loop & Overlapping Phases Instead of CSS transitions (which are hard to sync for complex canvas repaints), I used a requestAnimationFrame loop in a React hook called useTransitionAnimation . A key "secret sauce" to making animations feel professional is overlap . If you play animations sequentially (Exit -> Move -> Enter), it feels robotic. I overlapped the phases so the scene feels alive: // Timeline Logic const exitEnd = hasExit ? 300 : 0 ; const morphStart = exitEnd ; const morphEnd = morphStart + 500 ; // [MAGIC TRICK] Start entering elements BEFORE the morph ends // This creates that "Apple Keynote" feel where things arrive // just as others are settling into place. const overlapDuration = 200 ; const enterStart = Math . max ( morphStart , morphEnd - overlapDuration ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Making it feel "Physical" Linear movement ( progress = time / duration ) is boring. I implemented spring-based easing functions. Even though I'm manually calculating specific frames, I apply an easing curve to the progress value before feeding it into the interpolator. // Quartic Ease-Out Approximation for a "Heavy" feel const springEasing = ( t ) => { return 1 - Math . pow ( 1 - t , 4 ); }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This ensures that big architecture blocks "thud" into place with weight, rather than sliding around like ghosts. What's Next? I'm currently working on: Sub-step animations: Allowing you to click through bullet points within a single frame. Export to MP4: Recording the canvas stream directly to a video file. The project is live, and I built it to help developers communicate better. Try here: https://postara.io/ Free Stripe Promotion Code: postara Let me know what you think of the approach! Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand SinghDevHub SinghDevHub SinghDevHub Follow MLE @CRED ⌛ Sharing on System design, AI, LLMs, ML Email lovepreet.singh@alumni.iitgn.ac.in Location Bangalore, India Work MLE @ CRED Joined Nov 29, 2022 • Jan 13 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide loved it Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Behram Follow Ex-Data Scientist documenting the reality of building AI agent SaaS as a solo founder in the UK. Raw technical logs, AI leverage, and the path to profitability. Location Birmingham,UK Joined Nov 7, 2024 Trending on DEV Community Hot Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/t/dotnet | .NET - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close .NET Follow Hide .NET is an open source developer platform, created by Microsoft, for building many types of applications. With .NET, you can use multiple languages, editors, and libraries to build for web, mobile, desktop, gaming, and IoT. Find more at https://dot.net Create Post about #dotnet You can follow this tag on Twitter and dotnet.social Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Minimal API Validation in .NET 10 Adrián Bailador Adrián Bailador Adrián Bailador Follow Jan 12 Minimal API Validation in .NET 10 # dotnet # csharp # api # webdev Comments Add Comment 6 min read `XmlFluentValidator`: Code-First XML Validation That Stays Close to Your Rules RzR RzR RzR Follow Jan 12 `XmlFluentValidator`: Code-First XML Validation That Stays Close to Your Rules # dotnet # xml # validation # csharp Comments Add Comment 4 min read Real-World Error Handling in Distributed Systems Saber Amani Saber Amani Saber Amani Follow Jan 12 Real-World Error Handling in Distributed Systems # softwareengineering # dotnet # systemdesign # cloud Comments Add Comment 5 min read ASP.NET Core Authentication with JWT (Easy, Real-World Explanation) Mehedi Hasan Mehedi Hasan Mehedi Hasan Follow Jan 12 ASP.NET Core Authentication with JWT (Easy, Real-World Explanation) # dotnet # security # tutorial # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read Don't pull the entire dump if you only need a small piece Татьяна Кузнецова Татьяна Кузнецова Татьяна Кузнецова Follow Jan 11 Don't pull the entire dump if you only need a small piece # sqlserver # dotnet # backend # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read Adeus, Swagger UI ? Uma alternativa elegante com Redoc Danilo O. Pinheiro, dopme.io Danilo O. Pinheiro, dopme.io Danilo O. Pinheiro, dopme.io Follow Jan 10 Adeus, Swagger UI ? Uma alternativa elegante com Redoc # dotnet # csharp # api # tutorial Comments Add Comment 7 min read Redis with dotnet on Ubuntu MustafaSamedYeyin MustafaSamedYeyin MustafaSamedYeyin Follow Jan 11 Redis with dotnet on Ubuntu # redis # dotnet Comments Add Comment 2 min read System.CommandLine with Dependency Injection: A Complete Solution Rushui Guan Rushui Guan Rushui Guan Follow Jan 12 System.CommandLine with Dependency Injection: A Complete Solution # csharp # dotnet # cli # dependencyinversion 3 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read Building FatAdvisor: A .NET Nutrition AI Agent. Part 2: Agent goes outside Dmitry Bogomolov Dmitry Bogomolov Dmitry Bogomolov Follow Jan 10 Building FatAdvisor: A .NET Nutrition AI Agent. Part 2: Agent goes outside # showdev # dotnet # ai # programming Comments Add Comment 11 min read Your LINQ Filters Are Scattered Everywhere — Here's How to Fix It Ahmad Al-Freihat Ahmad Al-Freihat Ahmad Al-Freihat Follow Jan 9 Your LINQ Filters Are Scattered Everywhere — Here's How to Fix It # dotnet # csharp # cleancode # architecture Comments Add Comment 9 min read Tired of Accidentally Zipping Build Artifacts? Try "dnx zipsrc"! jsakamoto jsakamoto jsakamoto Follow Jan 9 Tired of Accidentally Zipping Build Artifacts? Try "dnx zipsrc"! # dotnet # productivity # cli # opensource Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why Startups and IndieDevs Should Choose Monolith First, Lessons From My Micro-SaaS Project, For ... Saber Amani Saber Amani Saber Amani Follow Jan 9 Why Startups and IndieDevs Should Choose Monolith First, Lessons From My Micro-SaaS Project, For ... # softwareengineering # dotnet # systemdesign # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read RAG without the cloud: .NET + Semantic Kernel + Ollama on your laptop Frank Noorloos Frank Noorloos Frank Noorloos Follow Jan 9 RAG without the cloud: .NET + Semantic Kernel + Ollama on your laptop # ai # programming # dotnet # llm 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read GTK4 DropDown with .NET Kashif Soofi Kashif Soofi Kashif Soofi Follow Jan 8 GTK4 DropDown with .NET # dotnet # tutorial # ui Comments Add Comment 5 min read Feature Toggles Without Tech Debt, Strategies for Teams to Avoid Hidden Pitfalls Saber Amani Saber Amani Saber Amani Follow Jan 8 Feature Toggles Without Tech Debt, Strategies for Teams to Avoid Hidden Pitfalls # softwareengineering # dotnet # systemdesign # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read Debugging Worldpay Webhooks in ASP.NET Core Rama Pratheeba Rama Pratheeba Rama Pratheeba Follow Jan 8 Debugging Worldpay Webhooks in ASP.NET Core # dotnet # aspnet # aspnetcore # webhooks Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🛠️ Do `.SLN` para `.SLNX` no .NET: O que Mudou e Por quê Danilo O. Pinheiro, dopme.io Danilo O. Pinheiro, dopme.io Danilo O. Pinheiro, dopme.io Follow Jan 7 🛠️ Do `.SLN` para `.SLNX` no .NET: O que Mudou e Por quê # csharp # dotnet Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Store Chat History Using External Storage in Microsoft Agent Framework Will Velida Will Velida Will Velida Follow Jan 12 How to Store Chat History Using External Storage in Microsoft Agent Framework # cshapr # ai # dotnet # azure 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 12 min read Can’t Install .NET 10 on Ubuntu via apt? Here’s a Workaround That Actually Works Aldrine Quijano Aldrine Quijano Aldrine Quijano Follow Jan 11 Can’t Install .NET 10 on Ubuntu via apt? Here’s a Workaround That Actually Works # dotnet # ubuntu # csharp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Converting RTF to PDF in C# Jeremy K. Jeremy K. Jeremy K. Follow Jan 7 Converting RTF to PDF in C# # csharp # programming # dotnet Comments Add Comment 3 min read SQL Server Indexes Explained: Column Order, INCLUDE, and the Mistakes That Taught Me Mashrul Haque Mashrul Haque Mashrul Haque Follow Jan 10 SQL Server Indexes Explained: Column Order, INCLUDE, and the Mistakes That Taught Me # sqlserver # performance # database # dotnet 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 14 min read Decompiling the New C# 14 field Keyword Ivan Kahl Ivan Kahl Ivan Kahl Follow Jan 5 Decompiling the New C# 14 field Keyword # news # csharp # dotnet # programming Comments Add Comment 11 min read WebForms Core in NuGet Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Follow Jan 4 WebForms Core in NuGet # news # dotnet # nuget # webformscore 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building RTL-Friendly Apps with .NET MAUI: Introducing MauiPersianToolkit – Persian/Hijri Calendar, RTL & Ready-to-Use Controls Reza Shaban Reza Shaban Reza Shaban Follow Jan 3 Building RTL-Friendly Apps with .NET MAUI: Introducing MauiPersianToolkit – Persian/Hijri Calendar, RTL & Ready-to-Use Controls # dotnet # maui # rtl # persian Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building RTL-Friendly Apps with .NET MAUI: Introducing MauiPersianToolkit – Persian/Hijri Calendar, RTL & Ready-to-Use Controls Reza Shaban Reza Shaban Reza Shaban Follow Jan 3 Building RTL-Friendly Apps with .NET MAUI: Introducing MauiPersianToolkit – Persian/Hijri Calendar, RTL & Ready-to-Use Controls # dotnet # maui # rtl # persian Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources Beyond ASP.NET: Lightweight Alternatives for C# Web Development Join the AI Challenge for Cross-Platform Apps: $3,000 in Prizes! Exploring the new .slnx Visual Studio Solutions Format Blazor in .NET 10: What's New and Why It Finally Feels Complete Exploring Extension Blocks in .NET 10 The .NET Cross-Platform Showdown: MAUI vs Uno vs Avalonia (And Why Avalonia Won) ASP.NET Core Identity in .NET 10 — From “Login Page” to Production‑Grade Security .NET 10: The Performance Beast That's Redefining Modern Application Development New Features in .NET 10 & C# 14 — The Expert’s Playbook (2025) New File-Based Apps in .NET 10: You Can Now Run C# in Just 1 File! The Rise of Agentic AI: Transforming Workflows in C# Development Server-Sent Events in .NET 10: Finally, a Native Solution What's New in .NET 10 and C# 14 Microsoft Entra ID + .NET 8 Web API — From Zero to Production-Ready Authentication Introducing OpenTransit: A Free, Open-Source Fork of MassTransit v8 CancellationToken: The Complete Technical Guide for .NET Developers dotnet run in .NET 10: Single-File C# Is Finally Here Vertical Slice Architecture in .NET — From N‑Tier Layers to Feature Slices How to Structure a .NET Solution That Actually Scales: Clean Architecture Guide Build a Bi‑Directional TOON Parser in C#: Convert TOON JSON with Ease 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope | DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope - Web APIs | MDN Skip to main content Skip to search MDN HTML HTML: Markup language HTML reference Elements Global attributes Attributes See all… HTML guides Responsive images HTML cheatsheet Date & time formats See all… Markup languages SVG MathML XML CSS CSS: Styling language CSS reference Properties Selectors At-rules Values See all… CSS guides Box model Animations Flexbox Colors See all… Layout cookbook Column layouts Centering an element Card component See all… JavaScript JS JavaScript: Scripting language JS reference Standard built-in objects Expressions & operators Statements & declarations Functions See all… JS guides Control flow & error handing Loops and iteration Working with objects Using classes See all… Web APIs Web APIs: Programming interfaces Web API reference File system API Fetch API Geolocation API HTML DOM API Push API Service worker API See all… Web API guides Using the Web animation API Using the Fetch API Working with the History API Using the Web speech API Using web workers All All web technology Technologies Accessibility HTTP URI Web extensions WebAssembly WebDriver See all… Topics Media Performance Privacy Security Progressive web apps Learn Learn web development Frontend developer course Getting started modules Core modules MDN Curriculum Learn HTML Structuring content with HTML module Learn CSS CSS styling basics module CSS layout module Learn JavaScript Dynamic scripting with JavaScript module Tools Discover our tools Playground HTTP Observatory Border-image generator Border-radius generator Box-shadow generator Color format converter Color mixer Shape generator About Get to know MDN better About MDN Advertise with us Community MDN on GitHub Blog Toggle sidebar Web Web APIs DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope Theme OS default Light Dark English (US) Remember language Learn more Deutsch English (US) Français 日本語 中文 (简体) DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope Baseline Widely available * This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015. * Some parts of this feature may have varying levels of support. Learn more See full compatibility Report feedback Note: This feature is only available in Dedicated Web Workers . The DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope object (the Worker global scope) is accessible through the self keyword. Some additional global functions, namespaces objects, and constructors, not typically associated with the worker global scope, but available on it, are listed in the JavaScript Reference . See also: Functions available to workers . EventTarget WorkerGlobalScope DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope In this article Instance properties Instance methods Events Specifications Browser compatibility See also Instance properties This interface inherits properties from the WorkerGlobalScope interface, and its parent EventTarget . DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope.name Read only The name that the Worker was (optionally) given when it was created using the Worker() constructor. This is mainly useful for debugging purposes. Instance methods This interface inherits methods from the WorkerGlobalScope interface, and its parent EventTarget . DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope.close() Discards any tasks queued in the WorkerGlobalScope 's event loop, effectively closing this particular scope. DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope.postMessage() Sends a message — which can consist of any JavaScript object — to the parent document that first spawned the worker. DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope.cancelAnimationFrame() Cancels an animation frame request previously scheduled through a call to requestAnimationFrame() . DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope.requestAnimationFrame() Perform an animation frame request and call a user-supplied callback function before the next repaint. Events Listen to this event using addEventListener() or by assigning an event listener to the oneventname property of this interface. message Fired when the worker receives a message from its parent. messageerror Fired when a worker receives a message that can't be deserialized. rtctransform Fired when an encoded video or audio frame has been queued for processing by a WebRTC Encoded Transform . Specifications Specification HTML # dedicated-workers-and-the-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-interface Browser compatibility Enable JavaScript to view this browser compatibility table. See also Worker WorkerGlobalScope Using web workers Functions available to workers Help improve MDN Was this page helpful to you? Yes No Learn how to contribute This page was last modified on Apr 22, 2024 by MDN contributors . View this page on GitHub • Report a problem with this content Filter sidebar Web Workers API DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope Instance properties name Instance methods cancelAnimationFrame() close() postMessage() requestAnimationFrame() Events message messageerror rtctransform Inheritance WorkerGlobalScope EventTarget Related pages for Web Workers API SharedWorker SharedWorkerGlobalScope Worker WorkerGlobalScope WorkerLocation WorkerNavigator Guides Using Web Workers Functions and classes available to Web Workers The structured clone algorithm Transferable objects Your blueprint for a better internet. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Web3 Follow Hide Web3 refers to the next generation of the internet that leverages blockchain technology to enable decentralized and trustless systems for financial transactions, data storage, and other applications. Create Post Older #web3 posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 6 AI Editing Tools Quietly Powering Social Media Creators Kevin Kevin Kevin Follow Jan 6 6 AI Editing Tools Quietly Powering Social Media Creators # ai # web3 Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Open Rating Systems Shape Fintech Platforms: A Technical Perspective Dan Keller Dan Keller Dan Keller Follow Dec 7 '25 How Open Rating Systems Shape Fintech Platforms: A Technical Perspective # webdev # programming # web3 # career 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Centralized vs Decentralized Exchange Listings: What Every Web3 Developer Should Know Emir Taner Emir Taner Emir Taner Follow Dec 15 '25 Centralized vs Decentralized Exchange Listings: What Every Web3 Developer Should Know # webdev # productivity # web3 # blockchain 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Scaling the Adversarial Mindset: How We're Using AI and Knowledge Graphs for Pre-emptive Security Erick Fernandez Erick Fernandez Erick Fernandez Follow for Extropy.IO Dec 1 '25 Scaling the Adversarial Mindset: How We're Using AI and Knowledge Graphs for Pre-emptive Security # ai # security # web3 Comments Add Comment 4 min read 10 AI Agents Powering Million-Dollar Businesses in 2026 Kevin Kevin Kevin Follow Jan 5 10 AI Agents Powering Million-Dollar Businesses in 2026 # ai # web3 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 8 Metrics Developers Use to Evaluate Crypto Networks Beyond Market Prices Chickie Abby Chickie Abby Chickie Abby Follow Dec 15 '25 8 Metrics Developers Use to Evaluate Crypto Networks Beyond Market Prices # webdev # crypto # web3 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read Build Your First Privacy-Preserving App on Midnight Network Martin Rivero Martin Rivero Martin Rivero Follow Dec 14 '25 Build Your First Privacy-Preserving App on Midnight Network # privacy # beginners # tutorial # web3 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read In-Depth Analysis of the UK’s 2027 Crypto Regulations: How Developers Can Respond to a New Global Regulatory Benchmark Apnews Apnews Apnews Follow Dec 15 '25 In-Depth Analysis of the UK’s 2027 Crypto Regulations: How Developers Can Respond to a New Global Regulatory Benchmark # news # cryptocurrency # web3 Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why Some Smart Contracts Pass an Audit… But Still Get Hacked. Progress Ochuko Eyaadah Progress Ochuko Eyaadah Progress Ochuko Eyaadah Follow Jan 5 Why Some Smart Contracts Pass an Audit… But Still Get Hacked. # blockchain # security # web3 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Ethereum-Solidity Quiz Q2: What is a proxy in Solidity? 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Your Code Should Be Reliable. (A New Foundry Starter Kit) Obinna Duru Obinna Duru Obinna Duru Follow Nov 28 '25 Monad is Fast. Your Code Should Be Reliable. (A New Foundry Starter Kit) # monad # foundry # solidity # web3 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Is an NFT? A Simple Explanation for Beginners Kevin Kevin Kevin Follow Jan 2 What Is an NFT? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Beginners Follow Hide "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." -Chinese Proverb Create Post submission guidelines UPDATED AUGUST 2, 2019 This tag is dedicated to beginners to programming, development, networking, or to a particular language. Everything should be geared towards that! For Questions... Consider using this tag along with #help, if... You are new to a language, or to programming in general, You want an explanation with NO prerequisite knowledge required. You want insight from more experienced developers. Please do not use this tag if you are merely new to a tool, library, or framework. See also, #explainlikeimfive For Articles... Posts should be specifically geared towards true beginners (experience level 0-2 out of 10). 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Right menu How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular Signals — Without Losing Control kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular Signals — Without Losing Control # webdev # javascript # beginners # angular Comments Add Comment 27 min read AI Automation vs AI Agents: What’s the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Viveka Sharma Follow Jan 8 AI Automation vs AI Agents: What’s the Real Difference (Explained with Real-Life Examples) # agents # tutorial # beginners # ai 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read How I Would Learn Web3 From Scratch Today (Without Wasting a Year) Emir Taner Emir Taner Emir Taner Follow Jan 12 How I Would Learn Web3 From Scratch Today (Without Wasting a Year) # web3 # beginners # devops # machinelearning 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Follow Jan 7 Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today # aws # beginners # cloud # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read When Clients & Students Ask Is Web Development Dead? JAMAL AHMAD JAMAL AHMAD JAMAL AHMAD Follow Jan 6 When Clients & Students Ask Is Web Development Dead? # webdev # programming # beginners # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Simple REST API with Express.js — The Right Way kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 Building a Simple REST API with Express.js — The Right Way # webdev # node # javascript # beginners Comments Add Comment 11 min read Reflexes, Cognition, and Thought Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Jennifer Davis Follow Jan 7 Reflexes, Cognition, and Thought # showdev # arduino # hardware # beginners Comments Add Comment 5 min read "It Works on My Machine" — এই ভূতের ওঝা যখন ডকার (Docker) Shuvro_baset Shuvro_baset Shuvro_baset Follow Jan 6 "It Works on My Machine" — এই ভূতের ওঝা যখন ডকার (Docker) # beginners # devops # docker Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Build a Real-Time Python Auction App (Beginner Guide) Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Follow Jan 6 🚀 Build a Real-Time Python Auction App (Beginner Guide) # python # desktopapp # networking # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Really Happens When an LLM Chooses the Next Token🤯 Louis Liu Louis Liu Louis Liu Follow Jan 12 What Really Happens When an LLM Chooses the Next Token🤯 # programming # ai # beginners # javascript 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Variables and Constants in Swift Gamya Gamya Gamya Follow Jan 6 Variables and Constants in Swift # beginners # swift # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Two `if` Statements in Python Comprehensions (And Why Beginners Mix Them Up) Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Samuel Ochaba Follow Jan 6 The Two `if` Statements in Python Comprehensions (And Why Beginners Mix Them Up) # python # programming # beginners # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible # webdev # javascript # angular # beginners Comments Add Comment 12 min read Why Your 2026 Coding Routine is Failing (and the 90-Minute Fix That Actually Works) Code Practice Code Practice Code Practice Follow Jan 6 Why Your 2026 Coding Routine is Failing (and the 90-Minute Fix That Actually Works) # coding # webdev # beginners # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read System Design Fundamentals: From Monolith to Microservices Chandrashekhar Kachawa Chandrashekhar Kachawa Chandrashekhar Kachawa Follow Jan 7 System Design Fundamentals: From Monolith to Microservices # programming # ai # webdev # beginners Comments Add Comment 4 min read Build Your Own Local AI Agent (Part 3): The Code Archaeologist 🔦 Harish Kotra (he/him) Harish Kotra (he/him) Harish Kotra (he/him) Follow Jan 7 Build Your Own Local AI Agent (Part 3): The Code Archaeologist 🔦 # programming # ai # beginners # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read 2026 New Year Challenge - 5 Projects United Hackathon yijun xu yijun xu yijun xu Follow Jan 7 2026 New Year Challenge - 5 Projects United Hackathon # programming # ai # beginners # llm Comments Add Comment 3 min read Conversion Funnels & the Banality of Success Nick Goldstein Nick Goldstein Nick Goldstein Follow Jan 7 Conversion Funnels & the Banality of Success # startup # beginners # productivity # marketing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step likhitha manikonda likhitha manikonda likhitha manikonda Follow Jan 6 How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step # ai # machinelearning # beginners # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Elixir - A brief introduction to the language behind WhatsApp, Nubank, Brex, and so many others! Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Follow Jan 7 Elixir - A brief introduction to the language behind WhatsApp, Nubank, Brex, and so many others! # beginners # programming # startup # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read REST API and Common HTTP Methods Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Manikanta Yarramsetti Follow Jan 11 REST API and Common HTTP Methods # api # beginners # tutorial # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Scrapy Authentication & Login Forms: Scrape Behind the Login Wall Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 7 Scrapy Authentication & Login Forms: Scrape Behind the Login Wall # programming # python # beginners # webdev Comments Add Comment 7 min read Scrapy Error Handling & Retry Logic: When Things Go Wrong Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 5 Scrapy Error Handling & Retry Logic: When Things Go Wrong # webdev # programming # productivity # beginners Comments Add Comment 7 min read Introduction: Analyzing randomness with AI nichebrai nichebrai nichebrai Follow Jan 11 Introduction: Analyzing randomness with AI # python # data # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read USE NEW KEYWORD IN METHOD FOR OBJECT CREATION AND PUTTING VALUE IN IT(SPRINGBOOT) Er. 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Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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