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https://dev.to/t/chatgpt | ChatGPT - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close ChatGPT Follow Hide GPT models are capable of natural language processing tasks such as text generation, summarization, and analysis. ChatGPT interacts in a conversational way. The dialogue format makes it possible for ChatGPT to answer follow-up questions, admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests. Create Post submission guidelines We welcome all posts around the topic of ChatGPT - technical articles, personal stories, discussions, and more! Older #chatgpt posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 109 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Jan 12 The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini # ai # chatgpt # gemini # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to build a $5,000/Month AI System with ChatGPT + Gumroad Mashraf Aiman Mashraf Aiman Mashraf Aiman Follow Jan 13 How to build a $5,000/Month AI System with ChatGPT + Gumroad # ai # chatgpt # digitalworkplace # sideprojects Comments Add Comment 4 min read User flows are the new apps Bruno Pérez Bruno Pérez Bruno Pérez Follow Jan 12 User flows are the new apps # chatgpt # ux # agents # webdev 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Navigating Long AI Chats Is Broken — So I Built a Chrome Extension to Fix It Lingarao Yechuri Lingarao Yechuri Lingarao Yechuri Follow Jan 12 Navigating Long AI Chats Is Broken — So I Built a Chrome Extension to Fix It # chatgpt # gemini # productivity # ux Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Golang] Quickly Set Up a Free Local ChatGPT with Ollama and Build a LangChainGo Application Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Golang] Quickly Set Up a Free Local ChatGPT with Ollama and Build a LangChainGo Application # llm # tutorial # go # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 4 min read Today I Learned: Generative AI News and Applications, March 21, 2023 Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Today I Learned: Generative AI News and Applications, March 21, 2023 # news # openai # chatgpt # ai Comments 1 comment 3 min read Today I Learned: How OpenAI/ChatGPT Uses Your Data for Training Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Today I Learned: How OpenAI/ChatGPT Uses Your Data for Training # privacy # openai # chatgpt # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read Learning Golang REGEX with ChatGPT Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Learning Golang REGEX with ChatGPT # learning # chatgpt # go # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Deep Insight to Market Clarity Leigh k Valentine Leigh k Valentine Leigh k Valentine Follow Jan 12 From Deep Insight to Market Clarity # ai # machinelearning # performance # chatgpt 16 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read AI Assistants and the Drift Into Dependency Korovamode Korovamode Korovamode Follow Jan 9 AI Assistants and the Drift Into Dependency # ai # agents # chatgpt # aiassistants Comments Add Comment 5 min read Gemini vs GPT-4V: A Preliminary Comparison and Combination of Vision-Language Models Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Gemini vs GPT-4V: A Preliminary Comparison and Combination of Vision-Language Models # gemini # chatgpt # llm # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Today I Learned: Generative AI News and Applications, March 17, 2023 Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Today I Learned: Generative AI News and Applications, March 17, 2023 # news # ai # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 1 min read [TIL] Microsoft Build 2023 Day 1 - Summary Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] Microsoft Build 2023 Day 1 - Summary # news # microsoft # chatgpt # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read This Week in AI: ChatGPT Health Risks, Programming for LLMs, and Why Indonesia Blocked Grok Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Jan 11 This Week in AI: ChatGPT Health Risks, Programming for LLMs, and Why Indonesia Blocked Grok # news # ai # chatgpt # security Comments Add Comment 5 min read 3 Prompt Engineering Techniques That Unlock Better AI Reasoning Hamza Khan Hamza Khan Hamza Khan Follow Jan 11 3 Prompt Engineering Techniques That Unlock Better AI Reasoning # promptengineering # agents # llm # chatgpt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Build a ChatGPT App with Mapbox Chris Tufts Chris Tufts Chris Tufts Follow for Mapbox Jan 9 Build a ChatGPT App with Mapbox # chatgpt # mcp # tutorial Comments Add Comment 9 min read How to Cut Your AI Costs in Half While Doubling Performance Debby McKinney Debby McKinney Debby McKinney Follow Jan 10 How to Cut Your AI Costs in Half While Doubling Performance # programming # ai # webdev # chatgpt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Your Model Choice Doesn't Matter Nearly as Much as You Think...And That's Actually Good News Andrea Liliana Griffiths Andrea Liliana Griffiths Andrea Liliana Griffiths Follow Jan 9 Your Model Choice Doesn't Matter Nearly as Much as You Think...And That's Actually Good News # ai # chatgpt # github # machinelearning 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Tiny Sliders That Power AI (and Why There Are Trillions of Them) Rod Schneider Rod Schneider Rod Schneider Follow Jan 9 The Tiny Sliders That Power AI (and Why There Are Trillions of Them) # llm # ai # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 6 min read Why Your AI's Context Window Problem Just Got Solved (And What It Means For Your Bottom Line) Debby McKinney Debby McKinney Debby McKinney Follow Jan 10 Why Your AI's Context Window Problem Just Got Solved (And What It Means For Your Bottom Line) # ai # programming # chatgpt # aiops 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read MCP Servers Rarely Crash. That’s the Problem. Divyanshu Shekhar Divyanshu Shekhar Divyanshu Shekhar Follow Jan 7 MCP Servers Rarely Crash. That’s the Problem. # ai # mcp # chatgpt # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read They just shipped Code Mode for MCP in Bifrost and it's kind of wild Debby McKinney Debby McKinney Debby McKinney Follow Jan 7 They just shipped Code Mode for MCP in Bifrost and it's kind of wild # mcp # programming # ai # chatgpt 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Okay, so AI is getting weirdly good now. Muhammad Ibrahim Muhammad Ibrahim Muhammad Ibrahim Follow Jan 7 Okay, so AI is getting weirdly good now. # ai # chatgpt # chatagent # development Comments Add Comment 2 min read How Exactly Are AI Models Deployed? CyberLord CyberLord CyberLord Follow Jan 6 How Exactly Are AI Models Deployed? # ai # beginners # machinelearning # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 4 min read Writing with AI Assistance Burve (Burve Story Lab) Burve (Burve Story Lab) Burve (Burve Story Lab) Follow Jan 5 Writing with AI Assistance # writing # ai # productivity # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... trending guides/resources Efecto copos de nieve para dar a nuestra web un toque navideño Top 5 LiteLLM Alternatives in 2025 GPT 5.1 API Deep Dive LiteLLM Broke at 300 RPS in Production. Here's How We Fixed It GitHub Copilot Model Context Sizes (Nov 2025) Agentic Browsers Are Dangerous! AI Vulnerabilities: ChatGPT Atlas, Perplexity Comet Transformers: The Magic Engine Behind ChatGPT, Gemini & Every Modern AI Model! Codex vs Claude vs Cursor Understanding AI Language Models: Base, Chat, and Reasoning — A Beginners Guide ChatGPT Atlas now has DevTools End up building a decent ADV game engine with Antigravity and Chat GPT Which AI Model Is Best for Coding and Why Build a ChatGPT App with Mapbox How I learned to “use AI” in 3 baby steps Why Silicon Valley Is Quietly Migrating to Chinese AI Models AI Developer Digest: Gemini Deep Research, GPT-5.2, and Agent Tools Your Model Choice Doesn't Matter Nearly as Much as You Think...And That's Actually Good News Gemini 3 vs GPT 5.2: SWE-bench and Beyond I put a Game Boy inside ChatGPT (ChatGPT Apps) A ChatGPT Prompt Manager for Developers: Save Prompts, Bookmark Replies, Search Threads (Chrome E... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/endykaufman/my-dashboard-kak-ia-prievratil-staryie-android-ustroistva-v-krossplatformiennyie-dashbordy-s-pomoshchiu-ai-1dh9 | My Dashboard: как я превратил старые Android-устройства в кроссплатформенные дашборды с помощью AI и типобезопасного fullstack - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse ILshat Khamitov Posted on Jan 11 My Dashboard: как я превратил старые Android-устройства в кроссплатформенные дашборды с помощью AI и типобезопасного fullstack # webdev # programming # ai # javascript my-dashboard (2 Part Series) 1 My Dashboard 2 My Dashboard: как я превратил старые Android-устройства в кроссплатформенные дашборды с помощью AI и типобезопасного fullstack Введение У меня дома лежали несколько старых Android-устройств. Рабочие, но без дела. Я задумался: «А что если их использовать как интерактивные дашборды?» — и решил реализовать веб + мобильное приложение , где устройства показывают информацию и позволяют вводить данные. В разработке активно помогал AI-ассистент Qoder , который написал большую часть кода, а я корректировал ошибки и адаптировал под проект. Цель проекта Основная цель: типобезопасный fullstack , где фронт автоматически подтягивает типы с бэка через TypeScript без генерации SDK. Второстепенная цель: кроссплатформенное приложение , где часть кода и логики используется одновременно на вебе и мобильных устройствах. Технологический стек Backend : tRPC + Zod схемы Frontend : AnalogJS + Formly (SSR, генерация форм с серверной валидацией) Mobile : Ionic + Capacitor (поддержка старых Android, интеграция с веб-виджетами) AI : генерация виджетов, форм и части UI (~70% кода) Архитектура и подход Все виджеты используют Zod схемы , которые автоматически подтягиваются на фронт для генерации форм. Формы на фронте получают серверные ошибки валидации прямо в поля формы. Для SSR пришлось решать несколько нестандартных задач: Кэширование между SSR и фронтом иногда срабатывало некорректно → отключил transfer cache . Добавил возможность подмены fetch для передачи куки и токенов авторизации. Частично решены кейсы авторизованных и неавторизованных запросов при SSR. На мобильной части с Capacitor/Ionic столкнулся с: Поддержкой старых Android SDK JS-версией QR-сканеров, так как встроенные не работали Шарингом тем и виджетов между вебом и мобильной частью Что удалось достичь в MVP Минимальный дашборд с несколькими виджетами, полностью кроссплатформенный (веб + мобильное приложение) Настроен CI/CD для деплоя веба и мобильного приложения Частичная поддержка SSR + авторизация Генерация UI и бизнес-логики с помощью AI Быстрое прототипирование MVP всего за 1,5 месяца Выводы и инсайты AI ускоряет разработку : 70% кода было сгенерировано, а я сосредоточился на архитектуре и интеграции. Типобезопасный fullstack работает : фронт подтягивает все типы автоматически, без ручной генерации SDK. Кроссплатформенность возможна , если правильно спроектировать общие виджеты и бизнес-логику. SSR + авторизация — нюансная тема, но с отключением transfer cache и подменой fetch можно решать кейсы авторизации. Ресурсы и ссылки Онлайн версия: https://site15-my-dashboard.vercel.app Репозиторий: https://github.com/site15/my-dashboard Статьи о проекте: Хабр Dev.to my-dashboard (2 Part Series) 1 My Dashboard 2 My Dashboard: как я превратил старые Android-устройства в кроссплатформенные дашборды с помощью AI и типобезопасного fullstack Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse ILshat Khamitov Follow Principal Engineer · Backend Architecture · NestJS Location Ufa, Russia Education Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics Work Software Developer Joined Jul 1, 2019 Trending on DEV Community Hot If a problem can be solved without AI, does AI actually make it better? # ai # architecture # discuss AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/rgbos | Rashi - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Rashi Software engineer specializing in scalable, user-focused applications. Skilled in full-stack development and cloud technologies, with a passion for elegant, efficient solutions. Joined Joined on Sep 13, 2025 More info about @rgbos Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 13 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 1 tag followed The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Jan 12 The Quiet Shift: Why My Browser Tab Now Stays on Gemini # ai # chatgpt # gemini # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Danger of Letting AI Think for You Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Dec 27 '25 The Danger of Letting AI Think for You # discuss # ai # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Beyond the Chatbot: The AI Tools Defining 2026 Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Dec 24 '25 Beyond the Chatbot: The AI Tools Defining 2026 # agents # ai # llm Comments Add Comment 3 min read Beyond Speed: Why Quality Code is as Critical as Efficiency in Software Development Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Oct 8 '25 Beyond Speed: Why Quality Code is as Critical as Efficiency in Software Development # discuss # performance # softwareengineering 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Mastering Modern Infrastructure: The Power of Cloud-Native and Serverless Architectures Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Oct 8 '25 Mastering Modern Infrastructure: The Power of Cloud-Native and Serverless Architectures # cloudnative # microservices # containers # serverless Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Next Shift in Development: From Coding to AI Orchestration Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Oct 2 '25 The Next Shift in Development: From Coding to AI Orchestration # ai # career # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 2 min read Mastering EF Core Pagination: Efficient Data Retrieval Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Oct 1 '25 Mastering EF Core Pagination: Efficient Data Retrieval # database # performance # dotnet # csharp 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read SQL Query optimization techniques Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Sep 29 '25 SQL Query optimization techniques # database # tutorial # performance # sql Comments Add Comment 3 min read Progressive Web Apps: Bringing App-like Experiences to the Web Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Sep 29 '25 Progressive Web Apps: Bringing App-like Experiences to the Web # mobile # performance # javascript # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Green Software Development: Building for Efficiency and Sustainability Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Sep 29 '25 Green Software Development: Building for Efficiency and Sustainability # architecture # performance # softwaredevelopment 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Your New Pair Programmer: The AI Assistant Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Sep 28 '25 Your New Pair Programmer: The AI Assistant # programming # productivity # tooling # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read First() and FirstOrDefaut Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Sep 23 '25 First() and FirstOrDefaut # csharp # tutorial # beginners # dotnet Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Digital Art to Automation: My Journey Building ListGenie Rashi Rashi Rashi Follow Sep 15 '25 From Digital Art to Automation: My Journey Building ListGenie # kiro # ai # webdev # kirodotdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/zayanmohamed | Zayan Mohamed - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Zayan Mohamed I'm Zayan Mohamed, an IT undergraduate at SLIIT University, majoring in Data Science Location Colombo, Sri Lanka Joined Joined on Dec 16, 2025 Personal website https://portfolio-zayan.vercel.app/ github website Education Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Pronouns He/Him More info about @zayanmohamed Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Skills/Languages Full-stack generalist with a backend lean. Go, JavaScript, TypeScript, React, Svelte, Supabase, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Node.js. Strong on clean APIs, state, and data modeling. Currently learning Svelte, Go, Next, Python, C/C++ Currently hacking on Building GoSync with Next.js and Supabase, experimenting with Supabase Edge Functions, and exploring scalable backend patterns using Go and Postgres. Available for Open to discussions on system design, full-stack development, Supabase, Go, and product building. Say hey if you’re shipping something real or thinking deeply about architecture. Post 7 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 23 tags followed Job Board Scraping: API Endpoints & Cheat Sheet Zayan Mohamed Zayan Mohamed Zayan Mohamed Follow Jan 10 Job Board Scraping: API Endpoints & Cheat Sheet # api # python # machinelearning # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Want to connect with Zayan Mohamed? Create an account to connect with Zayan Mohamed. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? 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https://stripe.com/en-nl/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Privacybeleid Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the European Commission and the UK International Data Transfer Addendum issued by the Information Commissioner’s Office. You can obtain a copy of the relevant Standard Contractual Clauses. Learn More . Other lawful methods available to us under applicable law. Stripe, Inc. complies with the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“EU-U.S. DPF”), the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF, and the Swiss-U.S. Data Privacy Framework as set forth by the U.S. Department of Commerce and as applicable. Learn More . Stripe’s privacy practices, as described in this Privacy Policy, comply with the Cross Border Privacy Rules System (“CBPR”) and | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/viclafouch/github-profile-the-right-way-to-show-your-latest-dev-articles-bonus-398m | 📦 GitHub Profile: The RIGHT Way to Show your latest DEV articles + BONUS 🎁 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Victor de la Fouchardière Posted on Aug 5, 2020 📦 GitHub Profile: The RIGHT Way to Show your latest DEV articles + BONUS 🎁 # github # markdown # showdev # productivity Hello there ! 👋 1 week ➡️ 1 article ! #followMe We just hit 1250 followers ! Thank you very much ! 🥰 As you may have noticed, it is now possible to display a GitHub profile . 🧑🌾 If you don't already have one, I recommend that you create one using this link below: How To Create A GitHub Profile README Monica Powell ・ Jul 11 '20 #github #branding #markdown Here, I'm going to show you how in 2 minutes it is possible to show your latest blog posts directly to your GitHub profile in an automated way. Example of GitHub Profile GitHub Profile Example 1 GitHub Profile Example 2 GitHub Profile Example 3 ... Share yours in the comments below! Before to begin, be sure to have a Github Profile 💪 To get a profile on GitHub, follow these 3 steps below, if you have already one, you can skip this part. 1️⃣ Create a new repository with the same name (including casing) as your GitHub username. 2️⃣ Create a README.md file inside the new repo and add your content you want to show. 3️⃣ Commit and push your new README file! Show your last 3/5/10 DEV articles 🔥 @gautamkrishnar whom we thank 😙, has created a small package allowing us to automate the retrieval of articles on different websites ( Dev.to , Medium , Stackoverflow , ...) and to show the result into your README file. gautamkrishnar / blog-post-workflow Show your latest blog posts from any sources or StackOverflow activity or Youtube Videos on your GitHub profile/project readme automatically using the RSS feed Step 1: Edit your README.md 📝 Just add these 2 little Markdown lines to your README.md file. You can of course add your own content to the file, but these 2 lines are required for the tutorial. <!-- BLOG-POST-LIST:START --> <!-- BLOG-POST-LIST:END --> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Copy the code above and paste it into your README.md . For example on my GitHub profile , I placed my DEV articles at the end of my file like that: 🚸 CODE 🚸 WILL RENDER AFTER STEP 2 Step 2: Create a simple bot 🤖 Now, we have to create a GitHub workflow . The goal 🎯 is to replace these 2 lines of markdown code by your DEV articles! A workflow is a configurable automated process made up of one or more jobs. You must create a YAML file to define your workflow configuration. Understanding the GitHub flow To create a workflow 👇 Go to the Actions tab of your repository. or Go to github.com/$USERNAME/$USERNAME/actions/new (replace $USERNAME by your GitHub username. e.g: github.com/viclafouch/viclafouch/actions/new Then, select the simple workflow in order to start with the minimum necessary structure. Rename the blank.yml file to blog-post-workflow.yml and simply insert this code below: name : Latest blog post workflow on : workflow_dispatch : schedule : # Runs every hour - cron : ' 0 * * * *' jobs : update-readme-with-blog : name : Update this repo's README with latest blog posts runs-on : ubuntu-latest steps : - uses : actions/checkout@v2 - uses : gautamkrishnar/blog-post-workflow@master with : # Your RSS feed url feed_list : " https://dev.to/feed/viclafouch" # Maximum number of posts you want max_post_count : 3 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Here my blog-post-workflow.yml file if you need help. 2 important parameters ❗️ feed_list which is required ! It's your RSS feed url. max_post_count which is the maximum number of posts you want to show on your readme file. Default value is 5 . You can find all parameters at gautamkrishnar/blog-post-workflow#options . And finally, confirm the creation of the workflow. Now, the workflow works by itself and will retrieve every hour your DEV articles and will commit and push the result to your README.md file. Note: In order to avoid waiting 1 hour to see the first change appear, you can manually trigger the workflow. BEFORE / AFTER BONUS 🏆 Want to show your latest Medium articles into your Github profile, or your StackOverflow activity , your blog articles or even your YouTube videos automatically ? Following are the list of some popular blogging platforms and their RSS feed urls: Name Feed URL Dev.to https://dev.to/feed/username Wordpress https://www.example.com/feed/ Medium https://medium.com/feed/@username Stackoverflow https://stackoverflow.com/feeds/user/userid Ghost https://www.example.com/rss/ Drupal https://www.example.com/rss.xml YouTube Playlists https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?playlist_id=playlist_id YouTube Videos https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=channelId You can find an example here: https://github.com/viclafouch . Do not hesitate to share your GitHub Profile in order to show the way you have displayed your DEV articles! 😉 Cheers 🍻 🍻 🍻 If you enjoyed this article you can follow me on Twitter or here on dev.to where I regularly post bite size tips relating to HTML, CSS and JavaScript. 🍦 Cancel Properly HTTP Requests in React Hooks and avoid Memory Leaks 🚨 Victor de la Fouchardière ・ Jul 29 '20 #react #javascript #tutorial #showdev 🚜 Improve your productivity with Snippets of JavaScript on the Chrome DevTools 🍄 Victor de la Fouchardière ・ Jul 22 '20 #javascript #productivity #chrome #tutorial Top comments (4) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand James George James George James George Follow Computer Polyglot | Full Stack Engineer | Open Sourcerer Email jamesgeorge998001@gmail.com Location Kerala Education B-Tech CSE (2017-2021), AJCE Work Full Stack Engineer at Mad.Hacks Joined Sep 12, 2019 • Aug 17 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Here's a GitHub Action that updates README with the recent activity:- jamesgeorge007 / github-activity-readme Updates README with the recent GitHub activity of a user GitHub Activity in Readme Updates README.md with the recent GitHub activity of a user. Instructions Add the comment <!--START_SECTION:activity--> (entry point) within README.md . You can find an example here . It's the time to create a workflow file. .github/workflows/update-readme.yml name : Update README on : schedule : - cron : ' */30 * * * * ' workflow_dispatch : jobs : build : runs-on : ubuntu-latest name : Update this repo's README with recent activity steps : - uses : actions/checkout@v2 - uses : jamesgeorge007/github-activity-readme@master env : GITHUB_TOKEN : ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} The above job runs every half an hour, you can change it as you wish based on the cron syntax . You can find an example here . Inspired by JasonEtco/activity-box View on GitHub Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Le Aundre D. Jackson Sr. Le Aundre D. Jackson Sr. Le Aundre D. Jackson Sr. Follow I'm looking into becoming a software engineer. I'm interested in cloud Dev ops, applications development for web and mob Location Saginaw MI Education Bachelor Work Desktop Support Associate at Ascension Technologies Joined Nov 17, 2019 • Aug 9 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How would one add multiple blog posts from different sites? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shubh Sharma Shubh Sharma Shubh Sharma Follow Self taught web developer and designer Email mail.shubhsharma19@gmail.com Location India Education Master of Computer Applications Pronouns He/They Work Technical writer (Part-time) Joined Oct 28, 2021 • Feb 10 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Different workflows I guess Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shubh Sharma Shubh Sharma Shubh Sharma Follow Self taught web developer and designer Email mail.shubhsharma19@gmail.com Location India Education Master of Computer Applications Pronouns He/They Work Technical writer (Part-time) Joined Oct 28, 2021 • Feb 10 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very helpful thanks! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Victor de la Fouchardière Follow 🐦 Frontend developer and technical writer based in France. I love teaching web development and all kinds of other things online 🤖 Location Paris Education EEMI Work Frontend Engineer Joined Nov 4, 2019 More from Victor de la Fouchardière 👑 Create a secure Chat Application with React Hooks, Firebase and Seald 🔐 # react # javascript # showdev # firebase 🍦 Cancel Properly HTTP Requests in React Hooks and avoid Memory Leaks 🚨 # react # javascript # tutorial # showdev 🚜 Improve your productivity with Snippets of JavaScript on the Chrome DevTools 🍄 # javascript # productivity # chrome # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/help/community-resources#main-content | Community Resources - DEV Help - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Community Resources Community Resources In this article Recommended reads from the Community Both the DEV Team and DEV community members often share guides and resources for using DEV under the tag #howtodevto . Please browse these posts and if you have any tips for using DEV, write a post and share it with us under the tag! Recommended reads from the Community Finally a clean and easy way to add Table of Contents to dev.to articles 🤩 Lucy Linder ・ Jan 2 '23 #howtodevto #writing #beginners #showdev How to write a high quality post on DEV Ella (she/her/elle) ・ Aug 20 '21 #writing #howtodevto Lesser Known Features of DEV — Using Comment Templates Michael Tharrington ・ Jan 4 '23 #meta #documentation #community #howtodevto 😁12 things you didn't know you could do with DEV Anmol Baranwal ・ Jan 30 '24 #writing #tutorial #beginners #howtodevto How to write a VERY HIGH quality post on DEV [13 top tips + a bonus 🤯!] GrahamTheDev ・ Aug 20 '21 #a11y #writing #beginners #howtodevto 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
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https://forem.com/siddhesh_surve | Siddhesh Surve - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Siddhesh Surve Software Developer & AI Educator. Translating complex tech into simple insights for millions. Vision: Empower. Joined Joined on Dec 23, 2025 Email address ruler547@gmail.com More info about @siddhesh_surve Post 10 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed 🔓 Unlock "Infinite" Claude: The Open Source Hack for Bypassing Rate Limits Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Jan 13 🔓 Unlock "Infinite" Claude: The Open Source Hack for Bypassing Rate Limits # ai # claudecode # opensource # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚀 Stop drowning in Tabs: Meet Noi, the Open Source Browser Built for AI Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Jan 9 🚀 Stop drowning in Tabs: Meet Noi, the Open Source Browser Built for AI # ai # opensource # productivity # nocode Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🩺 Move Over, Dr. Google: OpenAI Just Dropped "ChatGPT Health" and It’s a Privacy Nightmare (Or a Miracle?) Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Jan 9 🩺 Move Over, Dr. Google: OpenAI Just Dropped "ChatGPT Health" and It’s a Privacy Nightmare (Or a Miracle?) # ai # privacy # healthtech # futurechallenge Comments Add Comment 3 min read 💸 Stop Paying the "Claude Tax": MiniMax M2.1 Just Broke the Coding Leaderboard (for 10% of the Cost) Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Jan 7 💸 Stop Paying the "Claude Tax": MiniMax M2.1 Just Broke the Coding Leaderboard (for 10% of the Cost) # ai # opensource # coding # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🍌 Google's "Nano Banana" Leak: The Fastest Image AI We've Ever Seen? Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Jan 6 🍌 Google's "Nano Banana" Leak: The Fastest Image AI We've Ever Seen? # ai # google # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🎓 DeepCode: The Open Source Agent That Writes Code Better Than PhDs Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Jan 3 🎓 DeepCode: The Open Source Agent That Writes Code Better Than PhDs # ai # opensource # python # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🧠 The End of the KV Cache? Meet "Test-Time Training" (TTT) Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Jan 1 🧠 The End of the KV Cache? Meet "Test-Time Training" (TTT) # ai # machinelearning # nlp # deeplearning Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🕸️ Stop Building "Dumb" RAG: Why Vectors Are Not Enough (The GraphRAG Shift) Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Dec 30 '25 🕸️ Stop Building "Dumb" RAG: Why Vectors Are Not Enough (The GraphRAG Shift) # ai # rag # machinelearning # database Comments Add Comment 3 min read 💀 RIP Copy-Paste: Google NotebookLM Just Killed Manual Data Entry Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Dec 29 '25 💀 RIP Copy-Paste: Google NotebookLM Just Killed Manual Data Entry # ai # productivity # google # dataengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read The "GPT Killer" No One Saw Coming: GLM-4.7 Just Broke the Benchmarks Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Siddhesh Surve Follow Dec 23 '25 The "GPT Killer" No One Saw Coming: GLM-4.7 Just Broke the Benchmarks # ai # opensource # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Right menu Interactive LED Chaser with 555 Timer & CD4017 DIY Guide Messin Messin Messin Follow Dec 28 '25 Interactive LED Chaser with 555 Timer & CD4017 DIY Guide # tutorial # diy # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read Overcoming Critical Gear Challenges: A Guide to High-Performance Custom Design for EVs and Robotics Muhammad Abdullah Muhammad Abdullah Muhammad Abdullah Follow Dec 25 '25 Overcoming Critical Gear Challenges: A Guide to High-Performance Custom Design for EVs and Robotics # robotics # tutorial Comments Add Comment 10 min read The Most Common LED Strip “Fails” Aren’t the Strip — They’re Optics + Power Planning emmma emmma emmma Follow Jan 6 The Most Common LED Strip “Fails” Aren’t the Strip — They’re Optics + Power Planning # beginners # tutorial Comments 1 comment 3 min read Making DIY High-Performance Air Purifier for Delhi: Build Guide Akaalforge Akaalforge Akaalforge Follow Nov 21 '25 Making DIY High-Performance Air Purifier for Delhi: Build Guide # beginners # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Nano Banana Tutorial Guide: Transform Pet Photos and Art into 3D Collectibles Monica997 Monica997 Monica997 Follow Sep 18 '25 Nano Banana Tutorial Guide: Transform Pet Photos and Art into 3D Collectibles # beginners # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read October 2025 Maker Roundup: Big Mergers, Cool Builds, and Fresh Kits Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Oct 12 '25 October 2025 Maker Roundup: Big Mergers, Cool Builds, and Fresh Kits # news # beginners # tutorial # raspberrypi 20 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Installing Pi-hole with an LCD screen Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Follow Aug 3 '25 Installing Pi-hole with an LCD screen # raspberrypi # tutorial # iot # electronics 9 reactions Comments 5 comments 5 min read Alec Steele: Turning a Picture into a Damascus Pattern Maker YouTube Maker YouTube Maker YouTube Follow Aug 6 '25 Alec Steele: Turning a Picture into a Damascus Pattern # project # tutorial 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Maker's Muse: 8 Things that RUIN 3D print accuracy (and how to fix it) Maker YouTube Maker YouTube Maker YouTube Follow Aug 4 '25 Maker's Muse: 8 Things that RUIN 3D print accuracy (and how to fix it) # help # project # tutorial 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read 3D Printing Nerd: HOW to 3D PRINT a HAT! 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https://dev.to/dataframed-podcast | A DataFramed Podcast - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close View all podcasts A DataFramed Podcast Follow Latest episodes #113 Successful Frameworks for Scaling Data Maturity A DataFramed Podcast, Nov 14 '22 #112 Data Journalism in the Age of COVID-19 A DataFramed Podcast, Nov 7 '22 #111 The Rise of the Julia Programming Language A DataFramed Podcast, Oct 31 '22 #110 Behind the Scenes of Transamerica’s Data Transformation A DataFramed Podcast, Oct 24 '22 #109 How Data Leaders Can Build an Effective Talent Strategy A DataFramed Podcast, Oct 17 '22 #106 The Hallmarks of Successful Data Training Programs A DataFramed Podcast, Oct 10 '22 #107 The Deep Learning Revolution in Space Science A DataFramed Podcast, Oct 3 '22 #106 How CBRE is Increasing Data Literacy for Over 3,000 Employees A DataFramed Podcast, Sep 26 '22 #105 What Data Visualization Means for Data Literacy A DataFramed Podcast, Sep 19 '22 #104 How the Data Community Can Accelerate Your Data Career A DataFramed Podcast, Sep 12 '22 #103 How Data Literacy Skills Help You Succeed A DataFramed Podcast, Sep 5 '22 Announcing Data Literacy Month A DataFramed Podcast, Sep 2 '22 #102 How an Always-Learning Culture Drives Innovation at Shopify A DataFramed Podcast, Aug 29 '22 #101 How Real-Time Data Accelerates Business Outcomes A DataFramed Podcast, Aug 22 '22 #100 Embedded Machine Learning on Edge Devices A DataFramed Podcast, Aug 15 '22 #99 Post-Deployment Data Science A DataFramed Podcast, Aug 8 '22 #98 Interpretable Machine Learning A DataFramed Podcast, Aug 1 '22 #97 How Salesforce Created a High-Impact Data Science Organization A DataFramed Podcast, Jul 25 '22 GPT-3 and our AI-Powered Future A DataFramed Podcast, Jul 18 '22 #95 How to Build a Data Science Team from Scratch A DataFramed Podcast, Jul 11 '22 #94 How Data Science Enables Better Decisions at Merck A DataFramed Podcast, Jul 4 '22 #93 How Data Science Drives Value for Finance Teams A DataFramed Podcast, Jun 27 '22 #92 Democratizing Data in Large Enterprises A DataFramed Podcast, Jun 20 '22 #91 Building a Holistic Data Science Function at New York Life Insurance A DataFramed Podcast, Jun 13 '22 #86 How Data Science is Transforming the Healthcare Industry A DataFramed Podcast, Jun 6 '22 [DataFramed Careers Series #4]: Acing the Data Science Interview A DataFramed Podcast, Jun 2 '22 [DataFramed Careers Series #3]: Accelerating Data Careers with Writing A DataFramed Podcast, Jun 1 '22 [DataFramed Careers Series #2] What Makes a Great Data Science Portfolio A DataFramed Podcast, May 31 '22 [DataFramed Careers Series #1] Launching a Data Career in 2022 A DataFramed Podcast, May 30 '22 DataFramed Careers Series Special Announcement! 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https://dev.to/t/rules | Rules - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # rules Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Why I Don’t Trust Default Firewall Rules on Linux Servers | by Faruk Ahmed | Sep, 2025 Faruk Faruk Faruk Follow Sep 24 '25 Why I Don’t Trust Default Firewall Rules on Linux Servers | by Faruk Ahmed | Sep, 2025 # default # firewall # rules # ufw 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Sahin AI Rules - The Ultimate AI Assistant Development Framework Sahin Boydas Sahin Boydas Sahin Boydas Follow Aug 11 '25 Sahin AI Rules - The Ultimate AI Assistant Development Framework # claude # rules # prompts Comments Add Comment 7 min read Mastering Cursor Rules: A Developer's Guide to Smart AI Integration David Paluy David Paluy David Paluy Follow Feb 7 '25 Mastering Cursor Rules: A Developer's Guide to Smart AI Integration # cursor # rules # rails 121 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Exploring the Power of dvh Units in CSS Matt Miller Matt Miller Matt Miller Follow Feb 28 '24 Exploring the Power of dvh Units in CSS # dvh # css # rules # units 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stay Classy in OWL Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Nov 14 '22 Stay Classy in OWL # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read Classification Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Sep 28 '22 Classification # rdf # owl # sparql # rules Comments Add Comment 10 min read What Can't I do, as a Rule? Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 22 '22 What Can't I do, as a Rule? # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 4 reactions Comments 4 comments 13 min read PHPArkitect: Put your architectural rules under test! AlessandroMinoccheri AlessandroMinoccheri AlessandroMinoccheri Follow Jan 3 '22 PHPArkitect: Put your architectural rules under test! # rules # php # standards 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Firebase: Firestore-Rules crisarji crisarji crisarji Follow Mar 22 '21 Firebase: Firestore-Rules # javascript # firebase # firestore # rules 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Validate Cloudformation parameters with custom logic drewmullen drewmullen drewmullen Follow Feb 3 '21 Validate Cloudformation parameters with custom logic # cloudformation # rules 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Laravel tests naming rules Diogo Kollross Diogo Kollross Diogo Kollross Follow Jan 7 '21 Laravel tests naming rules # laravel # testing # standard # rules 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read 12 Rules for Life - An Antidote to Chaos by Jordan Peterson Sandor Dargo Sandor Dargo Sandor Dargo Follow Nov 21 '20 12 Rules for Life - An Antidote to Chaos by Jordan Peterson # watercooler # books # life # rules 13 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read The 10 Commandments of Programming Paul Seal Paul Seal Paul Seal Follow May 11 '19 The 10 Commandments of Programming # programming # rules # practice 66 reactions Comments 10 comments 5 min read Do password rules impact security? Dominik Weber Dominik Weber Dominik Weber Follow Jul 8 '18 Do password rules impact security? # security # passwords # rules 37 reactions Comments 25 comments 1 min read Sane office environment with code review guidelines Sandor Dargo Sandor Dargo Sandor Dargo Follow Mar 28 '18 Sane office environment with code review guidelines # guidelines # codereviews # rules # efficiency 52 reactions Comments 2 comments 6 min read Some rules I try to follow Nicolas-DW Nicolas-DW Nicolas-DW Follow Aug 2 '20 Some rules I try to follow # rules # lifestyle # positivity # motivation 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # cryptography Follow Hide Discussions on encryption, hashing, ciphers, and cryptographic protocols. Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Securing Your Environment Variables: A Proof-of-Concept Approach Muhammed Shafin P Muhammed Shafin P Muhammed Shafin P Follow Jan 12 Securing Your Environment Variables: A Proof-of-Concept Approach # hejhdiss # cryptography # python3 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Metaclass Polymorphic Crypto: Enhanced Proof of Concept Muhammed Shafin P Muhammed Shafin P Muhammed Shafin P Follow Jan 8 Metaclass Polymorphic Crypto: Enhanced Proof of Concept # hejhdiss # python3 # cryptography 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Multiplication in Galois fields with the xtimes function Moritz Höppner Moritz Höppner Moritz Höppner Follow Jan 4 Multiplication in Galois fields with the xtimes function # cryptography # math Comments Add Comment 8 min read Cryptographic Time Travel: Securely Locking Data Until the Future with tlock GitHubOpenSource GitHubOpenSource GitHubOpenSource Follow Dec 31 '25 Cryptographic Time Travel: Securely Locking Data Until the Future with tlock # drand # timelock # cryptography # go Comments Add Comment 3 min read 암호화 기초 - 대칭키, HMAC, 그리고 메시지 인증 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 암호화 기초 - 대칭키, HMAC, 그리고 메시지 인증 # infra # security # encryption # cryptography Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building Tamper-Evident Audit Trails for Algorithmic Trading: A Developer's Guide VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) Follow Dec 30 '25 Building Tamper-Evident Audit Trails for Algorithmic Trading: A Developer's Guide # python # fintech # cryptography Comments Add Comment 8 min read Building Cryptographically Enforced Time-Locked Vaults on Cloudflare's Edge Teycir Ben Soltane Teycir Ben Soltane Teycir Ben Soltane Follow Dec 27 '25 Building Cryptographically Enforced Time-Locked Vaults on Cloudflare's Edge # cryptography # nextjs # cloudflare # opensource Comments Add Comment 7 min read (Part 5) Sealing Secrets: How to Survive a Reboot (And Why It's Dangerous) 💾 Max Jiang Max Jiang Max Jiang Follow Dec 31 '25 (Part 5) Sealing Secrets: How to Survive a Reboot (And Why It's Dangerous) 💾 # security # persistence # cryptography # backend 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read Protecting Sensitive Data Using Envelope Encryption İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Dec 30 '25 Protecting Sensitive Data Using Envelope Encryption # security # cryptography # java Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building Cryptographic Audit Trails for SEC Rule 17a-4: A Technical Deep Dive VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) Follow Dec 24 '25 Building Cryptographic Audit Trails for SEC Rule 17a-4: A Technical Deep Dive # security # fintech # python # cryptography Comments Add Comment 9 min read The EU AI Act Doesn't Mandate Cryptographic Logs—But You'll Want Them Anyway VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) Follow Dec 25 '25 The EU AI Act Doesn't Mandate Cryptographic Logs—But You'll Want Them Anyway # ai # cryptography # blockchain Comments Add Comment 8 min read Announcing securebit_core: A Platform-Agnostic Cryptographic Kernel for Secure P2P Communication Volodymyr Volodymyr Volodymyr Follow Dec 23 '25 Announcing securebit_core: A Platform-Agnostic Cryptographic Kernel for Secure P2P Communication # cryptography # webrtc # p2p Comments Add Comment 3 min read RSA Algorithm Anirudh Kannan Anirudh Kannan Anirudh Kannan Follow Dec 23 '25 RSA Algorithm # cryptography Comments Add Comment 5 min read Building a Tamper-Evident Audit Log with SHA-256 Hash Chains (Zero Dependencies) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) VeritasChain Standards Organization (VSO) Follow Dec 28 '25 Building a Tamper-Evident Audit Log with SHA-256 Hash Chains (Zero Dependencies) # javascript # cryptography # security Comments Add Comment 7 min read Week 2: Multiplicative Inverses in Finite Fields: When Division Still Works in a Closed World Olusola Caleb Olusola Caleb Olusola Caleb Follow Jan 9 Week 2: Multiplicative Inverses in Finite Fields: When Division Still Works in a Closed World # blockchain # cryptography # bitcoin # go Comments Add Comment 4 min read A Metaclass Architecture for Encryption: Keys as Algorithm Generators Muhammed Shafin P Muhammed Shafin P Muhammed Shafin P Follow Jan 7 A Metaclass Architecture for Encryption: Keys as Algorithm Generators # cryptography # hejhdiss # ccbysa 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read DES Encryption Explained Simply Pavithra Sai Pavithra Sai Pavithra Sai Follow Jan 6 DES Encryption Explained Simply # des # encryption # decryption # cryptography 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Beyond the Wire: Encrypting Messages Where the Message Never Exists Sui Gn Sui Gn Sui Gn Follow Dec 16 '25 Beyond the Wire: Encrypting Messages Where the Message Never Exists # cryptography # quantum # security Comments Add Comment 3 min read Quantum Ready: How Trinity Protocol Survives the Post Quantum Era Chronos Vault Chronos Vault Chronos Vault Follow Jan 2 Quantum Ready: How Trinity Protocol Survives the Post Quantum Era # quantumcomputing # cryptography # blockchain # security Comments Add Comment 6 min read AIDE Automation Framework From Integrity Checks to Self-Verification Richard Chamberlain Richard Chamberlain Richard Chamberlain Follow Dec 7 '25 AIDE Automation Framework From Integrity Checks to Self-Verification # fileintegrity # cryptography # security # ledger 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Quantum Security's Blind Spot: When Eavesdroppers Fly Under the Radar by Arvind Sundararajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Dec 6 '25 Quantum Security's Blind Spot: When Eavesdroppers Fly Under the Radar by Arvind Sundararajan # quantumcomputing # security # cryptography # devops Comments Add Comment 2 min read CipherMuse: The Haunted Fusion of AI, Encryption & Steganography🎃 Gokul D Gokul D Gokul D Follow Dec 5 '25 CipherMuse: The Haunted Fusion of AI, Encryption & Steganography🎃 # kiro # steganography # ai # cryptography Comments Add Comment 2 min read Quantum Shadows: Can Eavesdroppers Erase Unbreakable Encryption? Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Dec 5 '25 Quantum Shadows: Can Eavesdroppers Erase Unbreakable Encryption? # quantumcomputing # security # cryptography # quantum Comments Add Comment 2 min read Dari Matematika Murni ke Enkripsi: Bagaimana G. H. Hardy Secara Tak Sengaja Menggerakkan Kriptografi Modern Nugroho Ardi Sutrisno Nugroho Ardi Sutrisno Nugroho Ardi Sutrisno Follow Dec 4 '25 Dari Matematika Murni ke Enkripsi: Bagaimana G. H. Hardy Secara Tak Sengaja Menggerakkan Kriptografi Modern # cryptography # math # history Comments Add Comment 2 min read Quantum Certifications: Are We Being Fooled? by Arvind Sundararajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Arvind SundaraRajan Follow Dec 6 '25 Quantum Certifications: Are We Being Fooled? by Arvind Sundararajan # quantumcomputing # security # cryptography # cybersecurity Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources AES Algorithm for beginners Mastering Cryptography: A Senior's Guide to Design, Attack, and Defend How to implement GHASH Protecting Sensitive Data Using Envelope Encryption Choosing Between ML-KEM and ML-DSA for Your Post-Quantum Migration [Part 2] Cryptography in 2025: The Quantum Leap and the AI Arms Race Announcing securebit_core: A Platform-Agnostic Cryptographic Kernel for Secure P2P Communication Cryptography for developers Dari Matematika Murni ke Enkripsi: Bagaimana G. H. Hardy Secara Tak Sengaja Menggerakkan Kriptogr... Building a Secure Password Generator with Web Crypto API: No Servers, Pure Browser Power Quantum Shadows: Can Eavesdroppers Erase Unbreakable Encryption? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close React Follow Hide Official tag for Facebook's React JavaScript library for building user interfaces Create Post submission guidelines 1️⃣ Post Facebook's React ⚛ related posts/questions/discussion topics here~ 2️⃣ There are no silly posts or questions as we all learn from each other👩🎓👨🎓 3️⃣ Adhere to dev.to 👩💻👨💻 Code of Conduct about #react React is a declarative, component-based library, you can learn once, and write anywhere Editor Guide Check out this Editor Guide or this post to learn how to add code syntax highlights, embed CodeSandbox/Codepen, etc Official Documentations & Source Docs Tutorial Community Blog Source code on GitHub Improving Your Chances for a Reply by putting a minimal example to either JSFiddle , Code Sandbox , or StackBlitz . 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Right menu How to Setup Email Verification & Organization Invites with Better Auth and Nodemailer rogasper rogasper rogasper Follow Dec 27 '25 How to Setup Email Verification & Organization Invites with Better Auth and Nodemailer # webdev # betterauth # react Comments Add Comment 4 min read Oura Integration: Build High-Performance Health Apps with Next.js and React Query wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 27 '25 Oura Integration: Build High-Performance Health Apps with Next.js and React Query # react # nextjs # api # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read Understanding the useEffect Dependency Array Usama Usama Usama Follow Dec 26 '25 Understanding the useEffect Dependency Array # performance # react # frontend # ui 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read I built a better search engine for n8n workflows (with tutorials & verified templates) zo Aoo zo Aoo zo Aoo Follow Dec 26 '25 I built a better search engine for n8n workflows (with tutorials & verified templates) # showdev # nextjs # react # supabase Comments Add Comment 3 min read Wearable Data Performance: How to Build Fluid Health Dashboards wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 26 '25 Wearable Data Performance: How to Build Fluid Health Dashboards # react # performance # javascript # healthtech Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Build a Global Refresh System in React Native Karim Mohammadi Karim Mohammadi Karim Mohammadi Follow Dec 26 '25 How to Build a Global Refresh System in React Native # react # reactnative # ui # typescript Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a Meme Generator in React and It's Actually Fun! 🎭✨ ThavonBird ThavonBird ThavonBird Follow Dec 26 '25 I Built a Meme Generator in React and It's Actually Fun! 🎭✨ # showdev # html # javascript # react Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building with React: Dive into JSX, Components, and Props! 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(React Day 2) # react # webdev # tutorial # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read React Design Pattern /HOC Pattern Ogasawara Kakeru Ogasawara Kakeru Ogasawara Kakeru Follow Dec 26 '25 React Design Pattern /HOC Pattern # javascript # react # learning # frontend Comments Add Comment 5 min read React (RSC) Exploits Are Real and It's Hurting Engineering Teams Devarshi Shimpi Devarshi Shimpi Devarshi Shimpi Follow Jan 8 React (RSC) Exploits Are Real and It's Hurting Engineering Teams # webdev # react # nextjs # javascript 6 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read Shipped Laravel FeatureKit v1.0.1 Rashedul Islam Rashedul Islam Rashedul Islam Follow Dec 26 '25 Shipped Laravel FeatureKit v1.0.1 # laravel # productivity # php # react Comments Add Comment 1 min read 💖 My First Real Experience with useEffect (Fetching Data the Right Way) Usama Usama Usama Follow Dec 25 '25 💖 My First Real Experience with useEffect (Fetching Data the Right Way) # react # webdev # javascript 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Turning a React/TypeScript Codebase Into Deterministic AI Context Amit Amit Amit Follow Dec 30 '25 Turning a React/TypeScript Codebase Into Deterministic AI Context # devtools # typescript # react # ai 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Optimizing Re-Renders Using React.memo() Mohamed Idris Mohamed Idris Mohamed Idris Follow Dec 30 '25 Optimizing Re-Renders Using React.memo() # frontend # react Comments 2 comments 2 min read structuredClone() — The Deep Copy Hero JavaScript Deserved 🦸♀️ Shanthi's Dev Diary Shanthi's Dev Diary Shanthi's Dev Diary Follow Dec 31 '25 structuredClone() — The Deep Copy Hero JavaScript Deserved 🦸♀️ # javascript # webdev # react # node 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Computekit — Reusable heavy computations for JS & React Ghassen Ben Hadj Lassoued Ghassen Ben Hadj Lassoued Ghassen Ben Hadj Lassoued Follow Dec 28 '25 Computekit — Reusable heavy computations for JS & React # react # webassembly # performance # typescript 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Mastering React State Management at Scale: My Hard-Earned Lessons i Ash i Ash i Ash Follow Dec 26 '25 Mastering React State Management at Scale: My Hard-Earned Lessons # architecture # javascript # react Comments Add Comment 6 min read Launched: Pain Tracker v1.0.0 (Open Source, Local-First, Trauma-Informed) CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 25 '25 Launched: Pain Tracker v1.0.0 (Open Source, Local-First, Trauma-Informed) # showdev # opensource # react # privacy Comments Add Comment 2 min read Web Bluetooth Guide: How to Build a Real-Time Heart Rate Dashboard wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Dec 25 '25 Web Bluetooth Guide: How to Build a Real-Time Heart Rate Dashboard # react # javascript # iot # webbluetooth Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Hooks - Part 1: useState - Series Test Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Dec 30 '25 React Hooks - Part 1: useState - Series Test # react # javascript # hooks 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read What’s New in Syncfusion Pure React Components – 2025 Volume 4 Phinter Atieno Phinter Atieno Phinter Atieno Follow for Syncfusion, Inc. Dec 29 '25 What’s New in Syncfusion Pure React Components – 2025 Volume 4 # purereactcomponents # react # uicontrols # webdev Comments Add Comment 5 min read React Hooks - Part 1: useState Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Dec 26 '25 React Hooks - Part 1: useState # react # javascript # hooks Comments Add Comment 1 min read WebForms Core 2 in NodeJS - Don't use React, Vue, or Angular Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Elanat Framework Follow Dec 26 '25 WebForms Core 2 in NodeJS - Don't use React, Vue, or Angular # node # react # vue # webformscore Comments Add Comment 6 min read How I Built a SaaS Starter Template with React & Tailwind CSS Aamir Khan Aamir Khan Aamir Khan Follow Jan 9 How I Built a SaaS Starter Template with React & Tailwind CSS # react # tailwindcss # webdev # sass Comments Add Comment 1 min read Critical Security Vulnerability in React Server Components Brijesh Dobariya Brijesh Dobariya Brijesh Dobariya Follow for CodedThemes Dec 25 '25 Critical Security Vulnerability in React Server Components # nextjs # javascript # security # react Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # tutorial Follow Hide Tutorial is a general purpose tag. We welcome all types of tutorial - code related or not! It's all about learning, and using tutorials to teach others! Create Post submission guidelines Tutorials should teach by example. This can include an interactive component or steps the reader can follow to understand. Older #tutorial posts 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu HA K8s cluster using Keepalived and HAProxy Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Achyuta Das Follow Jan 9 HA K8s cluster using Keepalived and HAProxy # cluster # kubernetes # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Implementing Real-Time Audio Streaming in VAPI: What I Learned CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 9 Implementing Real-Time Audio Streaming in VAPI: What I Learned # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 13 min read Multimodal AI: Why Text-Only Models Are Already Dead! SATINATH MONDAL SATINATH MONDAL SATINATH MONDAL Follow Jan 10 Multimodal AI: Why Text-Only Models Are Already Dead! # ai # multimodal # machinelearning # tutorial 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 12 min read I Built a Production RAG System in 3 Weeks - Here's What Actually Broke BLESSEDEFEM BLESSEDEFEM BLESSEDEFEM Follow Jan 9 I Built a Production RAG System in 3 Weeks - Here's What Actually Broke # ai # machinelearning # python # tutorial Comments Add Comment 9 min read Solved: First KubeCon after the AI bubble bursts? Darian Vance Darian Vance Darian Vance Follow Jan 9 Solved: First KubeCon after the AI bubble bursts? # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 8 min read Self-hosting DocuSeal the easy way atakanozt atakanozt atakanozt Follow Jan 9 Self-hosting DocuSeal the easy way # docker # selfhosted # tutorial # opensource 15 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI: Enhancing Customer Support with Voice AI CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 8 Implementing Real-Time Streaming with VAPI: Enhancing Customer Support with Voice AI # ai # voicetech # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 12 min read Headless Mode: Unleash AI in Your CI/CD Pipeline Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Follow Jan 11 Headless Mode: Unleash AI in Your CI/CD Pipeline # tutorial # claudecode # productivity # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Advanced Theme Customization and Dynamic Color Schemes with m3-svelte in Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Advanced Theme Customization and Dynamic Color Schemes with m3-svelte in Svelte # themes # svelte # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 10 min read How to Deploy Alpaca’s MCP Server Remotely On Claude Mobile App Alpaca Alpaca Alpaca Follow Jan 9 How to Deploy Alpaca’s MCP Server Remotely On Claude Mobile App # api # automation # llm # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read Raspberry Pi WiFi Router with RaspAP: Step-by-Step Setup Guide David Thomas David Thomas David Thomas Follow Jan 9 Raspberry Pi WiFi Router with RaspAP: Step-by-Step Setup Guide # raspberrypi # tutorial # wifi Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building Advanced Modal Systems with State Management in daisyUI and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Advanced Modal Systems with State Management in daisyUI and Svelte # webdev # svelte # tutorial # productivity Comments Add Comment 7 min read Building Advanced Data Tables with Server-Side Processing in flowbite-svelte and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Advanced Data Tables with Server-Side Processing in flowbite-svelte and Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 10 min read Building Accessible Dialog Components with Melt UI in Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Accessible Dialog Components with Melt UI in Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read Building Forms with Validation in carbon-components-svelte and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Forms with Validation in carbon-components-svelte and Svelte # webdev # svelte # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read Hands-on: Building Your Monorepo with Lerna and Yarn Workspaces Werliton Silva Werliton Silva Werliton Silva Follow Jan 9 Hands-on: Building Your Monorepo with Lerna and Yarn Workspaces # architecture # javascript # tooling # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Solved: Digital Ocean’s bandwidth pricing is criminal. Any alternatives for image hosting? Darian Vance Darian Vance Darian Vance Follow Jan 9 Solved: Digital Ocean’s bandwidth pricing is criminal. Any alternatives for image hosting? # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 8 min read In-place Modification Jayaprasanna Roddam Jayaprasanna Roddam Jayaprasanna Roddam Follow Jan 9 In-place Modification # programming # beginners # tutorial # datastructures Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Simple SNS Project] Step 3. Building the Follow System & Timeline (N:M Relationship) JongHwa JongHwa JongHwa Follow Jan 9 [Simple SNS Project] Step 3. Building the Follow System & Timeline (N:M Relationship) # backend # java # mysql # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read What is RAG? An innovative technique that is transforming language models. Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Follow Jan 9 What is RAG? An innovative technique that is transforming language models. # ai # rag # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read MLOps - Continuous Model Monitoring - Complete Tutorial Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Follow Jan 9 MLOps - Continuous Model Monitoring - Complete Tutorial # tutorial # mlops # modelmonitoring # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Zero Budget, High Impact: My First Step Becoming an AWS Community Builder lihaong lihaong lihaong Follow Jan 9 Zero Budget, High Impact: My First Step Becoming an AWS Community Builder # aws # awsbudget # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Two Pointers (Opposite Ends) Jayaprasanna Roddam Jayaprasanna Roddam Jayaprasanna Roddam Follow Jan 9 Two Pointers (Opposite Ends) # programming # beginners # tutorial # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read ToDoMate 📝: Build a Modern Tkinter To-Do List App in Python Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Mate Technologies Follow Jan 9 ToDoMate 📝: Build a Modern Tkinter To-Do List App in Python # python # tkinter # opensource # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read # Welcome to React World: Grasp the Fundamentals and Mental Model! (React Day 1) Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Follow Jan 9 # Welcome to React World: Grasp the Fundamentals and Mental Model! (React Day 1) # beginners # javascript # react # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close DEV Help The latest help documentation, tips and tricks from the DEV Community. Help > Customizing Your Feed Customizing Your Feed In this article The "Feed" Tags Follow Tags Hide Tags Users Follow Users Block Users Your Reading List Common Questions What about my post's Google ranking? Tailor your reading experience on DEV to suit your preferences. The "Feed" The home page is tailored to each individual DEV member based on what they're following. Every now and then, the DEV Team may "pin" a post to the homepage if it's an announcement that is relevant to all folks, but these are generally posts from the DEV Team. Your feed is where you'll discover a diverse range of articles published by developers worldwide. You can filter the content displayed on your feed based on the type of articles you want to read. Currently, we offer three feed sort options: Relevant, Latest, and Top. Follow tags and users to customize your feed and discover content tailored to your interests. Utilize Subscription Options: With subscription indicators, you can subscribe to new articles from users or organizations you follow, as well as through any of your existing comment subscriptions. Easily manage your subscriptions and unsubscribe from any article or thread that's becoming too popular. With these features, you'll never miss out on an interesting discussion happening on DEV. Stay informed and engaged with the latest comments and articles tailored to your interests. Tags Follow Tags Tags are unique keywords attached to posts to categorize related articles under specific and defined groups. They cover a wide range of topics and feature thousands of posts, from coding tutorials to career advice, catering to both beginners and experienced developers. Following tags on DEV means subscribing to updates and content related to specific topics of interest. By following a tag, you'll see relevant posts in your feed or notifications, enabling you to stay informed, personalize your experience, and connect with others who share similar interests within the community. Hide Tags Just as you can follow tags, you can also hide them. Articles with hidden tags will no longer appear in your Relevant feed, providing you with a more tailored browsing experience. Hiding tags gives you greater control over your feed. Just follow these steps: Tags Page: Visit the tags page and use the search feature to find and hide specific tags. Dashboard: Navigate to the "Following tags" section on your dashboard. Press the three dots to access the hide option and conceal tags from your feed. You can easily manage your Hidden Tags directly from your dashboard. Access the "Hidden tags" section to view and unhide tags at any time, bringing articles with those tags back to your feed. Users Follow Users In order to stay in touch with people in your feed, you can follow them! Just navigate to the member's page and tap that follow button to get alerts when they post new content and prioritize their content in your feed. Block Users You are always able to block users from your feed and from seeing your content by navigating to the three dots in the top right corner of their page and clicking Block. If this member is posting especially harmful content or is a spam account, feel free to also flag this member for us in the same location. Your Reading List By clicking the Bookmark button on an article, you can collect posts to read later and keep them forever in your dashboard. 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https://forem.com/t/react/page/14 | React Page 14 - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close React Follow Hide Official tag for Facebook's React JavaScript library for building user interfaces Create Post submission guidelines 1️⃣ Post Facebook's React ⚛ related posts/questions/discussion topics here~ 2️⃣ There are no silly posts or questions as we all learn from each other👩🎓👨🎓 3️⃣ Adhere to dev.to 👩💻👨💻 Code of Conduct about #react React is a declarative, component-based library, you can learn once, and write anywhere Editor Guide Check out this Editor Guide or this post to learn how to add code syntax highlights, embed CodeSandbox/Codepen, etc Official Documentations & Source Docs Tutorial Community Blog Source code on GitHub Improving Your Chances for a Reply by putting a minimal example to either JSFiddle , Code Sandbox , or StackBlitz . 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Right menu What I Learned Today About React Rendering Usama Usama Usama Follow Dec 22 '25 What I Learned Today About React Rendering # react # frontend # webdev # programming 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Hooks - Part 1: useState Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Ethan Zhang Follow Dec 25 '25 React Hooks - Part 1: useState # react # javascript # hooks Comments Add Comment 1 min read I built a Discord Timestamp Generator with 100% Page Speed Scores (Open Source) Disc Time Stamps Disc Time Stamps Disc Time Stamps Follow Jan 2 I built a Discord Timestamp Generator with 100% Page Speed Scores (Open Source) # ai # discord # opensource # react 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read From Mobile UX Expectations to Better Tabs on the Web Maicon Gilton de Souza Freire Maicon Gilton de Souza Freire Maicon Gilton de Souza Freire Follow Dec 20 '25 From Mobile UX Expectations to Better Tabs on the Web # react # nextjs # ux # frontend Comments Add Comment 2 min read Generate sitemap.xml and robots.txt in Next.js for Better Google Indexing prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 21 '25 Generate sitemap.xml and robots.txt in Next.js for Better Google Indexing # nextjs # react # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read 11+ Best SaaS Dashboard Templates for 2026 Sunil Joshi Sunil Joshi Sunil Joshi Follow for Tailwindadmin Dec 25 '25 11+ Best SaaS Dashboard Templates for 2026 # shadcn # saas # nextjs # react Comments Add Comment 7 min read I Built CodeCrush: Making LeetCode Practice Feel Like an RPG Sansita Malhotra Sansita Malhotra Sansita Malhotra Follow Dec 21 '25 I Built CodeCrush: Making LeetCode Practice Feel Like an RPG # showdev # interview # leetcode # react Comments Add Comment 1 min read Today I Understood useEffect Cleanup & Race Conditions (Real Lessons from usePopcorn) Usama Usama Usama Follow Dec 31 '25 Today I Understood useEffect Cleanup & Race Conditions (Real Lessons from usePopcorn) # react # webdev # javascript # learning 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 2 min read Stop Losing 86% of Mobile Users: Lazy Auth with Firebase (Tutorial) arnostorg arnostorg arnostorg Follow Jan 2 Stop Losing 86% of Mobile Users: Lazy Auth with Firebase (Tutorial) # firebase # react # javascript # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Production-Ready E-Commerce Platform with React: A Complete Walkthrough Robson Muniz Robson Muniz Robson Muniz Follow Dec 20 '25 Building a Production-Ready E-Commerce Platform with React: A Complete Walkthrough # react # javascript # webdev # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Beginner mistakes I made while learning React Chirag Surendra Chirag Surendra Chirag Surendra Follow Dec 20 '25 Beginner mistakes I made while learning React # programming # javascript # react # reactjsdevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read Mitigating the React Server Components RCE (CVE-2025-55182) Carrie Carrie Carrie Follow Dec 24 '25 Mitigating the React Server Components RCE (CVE-2025-55182) # nextjs # react # rce # security 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Had 24 Hours, Zero Templates, and a Vision. Here's What I Built. Omair Ahmed Omair Ahmed Omair Ahmed Follow Dec 19 '25 I Had 24 Hours, Zero Templates, and a Vision. Here's What I Built. # webdev # react # ui # startup Comments Add Comment 5 min read Building EaseGrade: Why I’m Creating a React App for Teachers. Nuru Mohammed Nuru Mohammed Nuru Mohammed Follow Jan 1 Building EaseGrade: Why I’m Creating a React App for Teachers. # webdev # react # edtech # buildinpublic Comments 1 comment 2 min read React Router Basics: Multi-Page Navigation for a Brochure Website prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 20 '25 React Router Basics: Multi-Page Navigation for a Brochure Website # react # javascript # beginners # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚀 New React Challenge: Build a Timed Quiz Duffman Duffman Duffman Follow Dec 19 '25 🚀 New React Challenge: Build a Timed Quiz # react # javascript # frontend # frontendchallenge Comments Add Comment 1 min read SQL makes me uncomfortable. Keshav Singla Keshav Singla Keshav Singla Follow Jan 1 SQL makes me uncomfortable. # discuss # programming # react # architecture 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Unlocking the Power of Connected Data: A Deep Dive into Amazon Neptune Nidheesh Thangavel Nidheesh Thangavel Nidheesh Thangavel Follow Dec 19 '25 Unlocking the Power of Connected Data: A Deep Dive into Amazon Neptune # programming # react # architecture # learning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Performance Under Pressure: Crisis Detection Without UI Lag CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 18 '25 Performance Under Pressure: Crisis Detection Without UI Lag # testing # a11y # healthcare # react Comments Add Comment 10 min read I Patched CSS Grid into React Native — Here's What Broke (and What Finally Worked) OGBONNA SUNDAY OGBONNA SUNDAY OGBONNA SUNDAY Follow Dec 18 '25 I Patched CSS Grid into React Native — Here's What Broke (and What Finally Worked) # programming # reactnative # react # css 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read PromptUI: PRD to Production Ravi Ravi Ravi Follow Dec 20 '25 PromptUI: PRD to Production # react # webdev # frontend # ai Comments Add Comment 10 min read Conditional TypeScript Generics in React Components Sergey Egorov Sergey Egorov Sergey Egorov Follow Jan 9 Conditional TypeScript Generics in React Components # javascript # react # tutorial # typescript 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Commercn: A UI Component library that speeds up eCommerce Development jQueryScript jQueryScript jQueryScript Follow Dec 19 '25 Commercn: A UI Component library that speeds up eCommerce Development # webdev # react Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Right Way to Copy to Clipboard in React (2024) Samitha Widanage Samitha Widanage Samitha Widanage Follow Dec 19 '25 The Right Way to Copy to Clipboard in React (2024) # react # javascript # typescript # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a React Framework in 2025 - Here's What I Learned Pease Ernest Pease Ernest Pease Ernest Follow Dec 19 '25 I Built a React Framework in 2025 - Here's What I Learned # webdev # programming # javascript # react Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/inboryn_99399f96579fcd705/kubernetes-135-security-7-game-changing-features-released-today-devsecops-must-know-29a2 | Kubernetes 1.35 Security: 7 Game-Changing Features Released Today (DevSecOps Must-Know) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse inboryn Posted on Dec 17, 2025 Kubernetes 1.35 Security: 7 Game-Changing Features Released Today (DevSecOps Must-Know) # kubernetes # devops # security # news Kubernetes v1.35 just dropped today—December 17, 2025—and if you're running production workloads, you need to pay attention. This release isn't just another incremental update; it's packed with security features that fundamentally change how we think about workload isolation, authentication, and defense-in-depth strategies. From user namespaces reaching beta-by-default to mTLS pod certificates and hardened image pull verification, Kubernetes 1.35 delivers the security primitives that DevSecOps teams have been requesting for years. Let's break down what actually matters. Why Kubernetes 1.35 Security Matters Now The security landscape has shifted dramatically. Multi-tenant clusters, zero-trust architectures, and supply chain attacks have forced Kubernetes to evolve beyond basic RBAC and network policies. Version 1.35 addresses the gaps that have been exploited in real-world breaches: Container escapes via shared user namespaces Unauthorized image reuse from cached layers Weak workload-to-workload authentication Impersonation attacks on kubelet serving certificates These aren't theoretical vulnerabilities—they're actively being targeted. Kubernetes 1.35's security features provide the mitigations that production teams need immediately. The 7 Critical Security Features in Kubernetes 1.35 User Namespaces: Beta-by-Default Isolation User namespaces (KEP-127) have reached beta and are now enabled by default in Kubernetes 1.35. This is massive for multi-tenant environments. What it does: Maps container UID 0 (root) to an unprivileged UID on the host. If a container process escapes, it has no host privileges. Why it matters: Container escape vulnerabilities (CVE-2024-21626, runC exploits) become significantly harder to exploit. Your "root" inside the container is nobody on the host. Implementation: Set hostUsers: false in your PodSpec. That's it. But test thoroughly—some storage drivers and host path mounts don't play well with user namespaces yet. mTLS Pod Certificates (Beta) Pod certificates (KEP-4317) provide first-class mTLS support between pods and the API server. No more manual certificate management or external PKI complexity. Why it's critical: Service mesh adoption has been slow partly due to certificate complexity. Built-in pod certificates make zero-trust networking significantly easier to implement. Robust Image Pull Authorization (Beta) KEP-2535 introduces imagePullCredentialsVerificationPolicy, forcing kubelet to re-verify registry credentials even for cached images. The vulnerability: Previously, if an image was cached on a node, any pod could use it—even without pull credentials. This closes that massive supply chain risk. Hardened Kubelet Certificate Validation (Alpha) KEP-4872 adds API server validation that kubelet serving certificate CN matches system:node:, preventing node impersonation MitM attacks. Constrained Impersonation (Alpha) KEP-5284 tightens impersonation so users can't perform actions they themselves aren't authorized for—even when impersonating another user. Impact: Prevents privilege escalation via debug/proxy workflows where admins impersonate service accounts with excessive permissions. User Namespaces for HostNetwork Pods (Alpha) KEP-5607 allows hostNetwork: true pods to keep hostUsers: false. This means workloads can access the host network stack without gaining host user privileges. Use case: CNI plugins, monitoring agents, and networking tools that need host network access but shouldn't run with host root. CSI ServiceAccount Tokens via Secrets (Alpha) KEP-5538 moves CSI driver ServiceAccount tokens from volumeContext into a dedicated secrets field, separating sensitive credentials from non-sensitive metadata and reducing accidental leakage risks. What DevSecOps Teams Should Do Now Don't wait for the next quarterly upgrade cycle. Here's your action plan: Test user namespaces in staging immediately: Set hostUsers: false on a subset of pods and monitor for storage/permission issues. Enable robust image pull authorization: Add imagePullCredentialsVerificationPolicy to your kubelet config. This might break cached image workflows—test first. Audit your impersonation RBAC: Check who has impersonate verbs. With constrained impersonation coming, over-privileged debug workflows need to be fixed. Evaluate mTLS pod certificates for service mesh migration: If you've been delaying service mesh adoption due to certificate complexity, KEP-4317 removes that blocker. Review your alpha feature adoption policy: Several game-changing features (kubelet certificate validation, constrained impersonation) are alpha. Decide if your risk tolerance allows early testing. FAQ: Kubernetes 1.35 Security Q: Should I enable all 7 security features immediately in production? A: No. User namespaces (beta) and mTLS pod certificates (beta) are the safest bets for immediate production use. Alpha features (kubelet validation, constrained impersonation) should stay in staging until they reach beta. Q: Do user namespaces work with all storage drivers? A: Not yet. Some CSI drivers and hostPath mounts have issues. Test thoroughly before rolling out. Q: Will robust image pull authorization break my CI/CD pipelines? A: Potentially, if your pipelines rely on cached images without proper registry credentials. This is actually a security bug you should fix. Q: When will these alpha features reach stable? A: Based on historical timelines, expect alpha → beta in Kubernetes 1.36/1.37 (mid-2026), and beta → stable in late 2026 or early 2027. The Bottom Line Kubernetes 1.35 isn't just another version bump—it's a security watershed moment. User namespaces reaching beta, mTLS pod certificates, and robust image pull authorization address real-world attack vectors that have plagued production clusters for years. The message is clear: Kubernetes security is maturing beyond basic RBAC and network policies. Defense-in-depth is becoming native, not bolted-on. DevSecOps teams have two choices: start testing these features in staging today, or explain to your CISO in six months why your cluster's security posture is falling behind industry standards. The tooling is here. The vulnerabilities are known. The only question is whether you'll adopt these hardening measures proactively or reactively after an incident. Upgrade. Test. Harden. Repeat. Ready to implement Kubernetes 1.35 security features in your production environment? Start by auditing your current security posture and identifying which features provide the highest risk reduction for your specific threat model. Security isn't a checkbox—it's a continuous evolution. Follow for more Kubernetes security insights, DevOps best practices, and cloud infrastructure deep-dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse inboryn Follow Joined Nov 30, 2025 More from inboryn How I Reduced Docker Images from 1.2GB to 180MB # webdev # devops # docker How I Debug Kubernetes Pods in Production (Without Breaking Things) # kubernetes # devops # docker Why Your Terraform Modules Are Technical Debt (And What to Do About It) # terraform # devops # architecture # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/muhammad_indrawan_33e0f0d/tips-membuat-website-modern-dengan-nextjs-47ga | Tips Membuat Website Modern dengan Nextjs - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Muhammad Indrawan Posted on Jan 2 Tips Membuat Website Modern dengan Nextjs # webdev # typescript # nextjs # react Halo developer! 👋 Next.js adalah framework React yang sangat powerful untuk membangun website modern. Setelah mengerjakan banyak project menggunakan Next.js, saya ingin berbagi beberapa tips yang bisa membantu kalian membuat website yang lebih cepat, SEO-friendly, dan mudah di-maintain. Gunakan App Router (Next.js 13+) Next.js 13 memperkenalkan App Router yang lebih powerful dibanding Pages Router. Beberapa keuntungannya: Server Components by default - Lebih cepat dan efisien Layout yang nested - Mudah sharing UI antar halaman Loading states - Built-in loading UI Error handling - Error boundaries otomatis typescript// app/layout.tsx export default function RootLayout({ children, }: { children: React.ReactNode }) { return ( {children} ) } Optimasi SEO dengan Metadata API Next.js punya Metadata API yang sangat mudah untuk SEO: typescript// app/page.tsx import { Metadata } from 'next' export const metadata: Metadata = { title: 'Website Kamu', description: 'Deskripsi website yang menarik', openGraph: { title: 'Website Kamu', description: 'Deskripsi untuk social media', images: ['/og-image.png'], }, } Dengan ini, Google dan social media bisa baca metadata website kamu dengan mudah! Optimasi Gambar dengan Image Component Jangan lupa pakai next/image untuk optimasi gambar otomatis: typescriptimport Image from 'next/image' src="/profile.jpg" alt="Description" width={500} height={500} priority // untuk gambar yang penting /> Next.js akan otomatis: Resize gambar sesuai device Lazy load gambar Convert ke WebP Prevent layout shift Setup Sitemap dan Robots.txt Buat file app/sitemap.ts untuk SEO: typescriptimport { MetadataRoute } from 'next' export default function sitemap(): MetadataRoute.Sitemap { return [ { url: ' https://website-kamu.com ', lastModified: new Date(), changeFrequency: 'weekly', priority: 1, }, ] } Dan public/robots.txt: User-agent: * Allow: / Sitemap: https://website-kamu.com/sitemap.xml Gunakan TypeScript TypeScript bikin development lebih smooth dan error lebih sedikit: typescript// types/index.ts export interface Project { id: string title: string description: string image: string } // components/ProjectCard.tsx interface Props { project: Project } export default function ProjectCard({ project }: Props) { return ( {project.title} {project.description} ) } Bonus: Deploy di Vercel Cara paling mudah deploy Next.js: Push code ke GitHub Connect repo ke Vercel Done! Auto-deploy setiap push Vercel punya optimasi khusus untuk Next.js, jadi website kamu bakal super cepat! ⚡ Kesimpulan Next.js adalah pilihan yang tepat untuk membuat website modern. Dengan mengikuti tips di atas, website kalian akan: ✅ Lebih cepat (performance) ✅ SEO-friendly ✅ Mudah di-maintain ✅ Developer experience yang oke Selamat coding! 🚀 👨💻 Tentang Penulis Muhammad Indrawan adalah fullstack web developer dari Indonesia yang fokus pada pembuatan website modern menggunakan Next.js, React, dan TypeScript. Spesialisasi dalam landing page, company profile, dan sistem web yang cepat serta SEO-friendly. 🌐 Portfolio: indrawan-id.vercel.app 💼 LinkedIn: Muhammad Indrawan Ismail 📧 Email: indrawanismail0@gmail.com Tertarik untuk diskusi project atau kolaborasi? Jangan ragu untuk menghubungi saya! Muhammad Indrawan adalah fullstack web developer https://indrawan-id.vercel.app nextjs #react #webdevelopment #typescript #frontend #indonesia Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Muhammad Indrawan Follow Joined Jul 6, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot Everyone is a Product engineer now # programming # ai # genai # webdev If a problem can be solved without AI, does AI actually make it better? # ai # architecture # discuss AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/sophielane | Sophie Lane - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Sophie Lane I’m Sophie Lane, a Product Evangelist at Keploy. I’m passionate about simplifying API testing, test automation, and enhancing the overall developer experience. Joined Joined on Aug 22, 2025 Personal website https://keploy.io/ More info about @sophielane Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 27 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 2 tags followed Baseline Testing for Developers: Catching Regressions Without Slowing CI Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Jan 12 Baseline Testing for Developers: Catching Regressions Without Slowing CI # devops # baselinetesting # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 4 min read Functionality Testing Software for API-First and Headless Applications Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Jan 8 Functionality Testing Software for API-First and Headless Applications Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Code Coverage Adapts in Multi-Repo or Monorepo Environments Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 31 '25 How Code Coverage Adapts in Multi-Repo or Monorepo Environments # codecoverage # testcoverage # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read Top 10 Open Source Automation Tools For Modern Software Testing Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 28 '25 Top 10 Open Source Automation Tools For Modern Software Testing # webdev # opensource # devops Comments Add Comment 6 min read Best Practices for Maintaining Test Scripts in Software Testing Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 26 '25 Best Practices for Maintaining Test Scripts in Software Testing # automation # productivity # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Types of Regression Testing That Work Best With Test Automation Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 25 '25 Types of Regression Testing That Work Best With Test Automation # automation # devops # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read A Complete Guide To Ci Testing: Benefits, Tools & Workflow Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 24 '25 A Complete Guide To Ci Testing: Benefits, Tools & Workflow # testing # ci Comments Add Comment 10 min read How Blackbox Testing Mimics Real User Behavior? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 22 '25 How Blackbox Testing Mimics Real User Behavior? # software # devops # testing Comments Add Comment 4 min read Regression Testing Metrics That Actually Indicate Release Readiness Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 19 '25 Regression Testing Metrics That Actually Indicate Release Readiness # regression # webdev # devops # softwaretesting Comments Add Comment 3 min read Common Load Testing Failures and How Open Source Tools Help Prevent Them Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Dec 2 '25 Common Load Testing Failures and How Open Source Tools Help Prevent Them Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Use Coverlet Coverage Thresholds to Enforce Better Testing Standards? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Nov 26 '25 How to Use Coverlet Coverage Thresholds to Enforce Better Testing Standards? # webdev # codecoverage # software # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Reduce Maintenance Overhead with Test Automation Tools? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Nov 18 '25 How to Reduce Maintenance Overhead with Test Automation Tools? # webdev # testing # automation # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Scale Automated Testing with Open Source Testing Tools? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Nov 14 '25 How to Scale Automated Testing with Open Source Testing Tools? # opensource # testingtools # softwaretesting # testautomation Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Reduce Testing Costs with Open Source Automation Tools? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Nov 12 '25 How to Reduce Testing Costs with Open Source Automation Tools? # opensource # testingtool # webdev # software Comments Add Comment 4 min read How Modern Tools Can Transform Code Coverage From Metric to Quality Signal? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Nov 6 '25 How Modern Tools Can Transform Code Coverage From Metric to Quality Signal? # devops # testing # tooling Comments Add Comment 3 min read Features to Look for in an Open Source Test Management Tool Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Oct 29 '25 Features to Look for in an Open Source Test Management Tool # webdev # opensource # testing # testmanagement Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Use Code Coverage to Identify Untested Code Paths? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Oct 27 '25 How to Use Code Coverage to Identify Untested Code Paths? # codecoverage # webdev # coverage # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read Automating API Testing with Open Source Testing Tools: Best Practices and Tips Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Oct 23 '25 Automating API Testing with Open Source Testing Tools: Best Practices and Tips # opensource # testingtools # devops # softwaretest Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Ensure Cross-Browser Compatibility With Open Source Testing Tools? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Oct 22 '25 How to Ensure Cross-Browser Compatibility With Open Source Testing Tools? # opensource # testingtools # softwaretesting Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Use Real User Behavior to Guide Test Automation Strategies? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Oct 17 '25 How to Use Real User Behavior to Guide Test Automation Strategies? # testautomation # automationtesting # webdev # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Combine Code Coverage With Test Impact Analysis for Faster Feedback? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Oct 14 '25 How to Combine Code Coverage With Test Impact Analysis for Faster Feedback? # code # coverage # codecoverage 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to Choose the Right Automated Testing Tools for Your Tech Stack? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Oct 9 '25 How to Choose the Right Automated Testing Tools for Your Tech Stack? # automation # testing # devops # tooling Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Choose the Right DevOps Automation Tools for Your Team's Workflow? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Oct 6 '25 How to Choose the Right DevOps Automation Tools for Your Team's Workflow? # devops # automation # automationtools Comments Add Comment 4 min read Best Practices for Maintaining Test Suites Using Open Source Testing Frameworks Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Sep 29 '25 Best Practices for Maintaining Test Suites Using Open Source Testing Frameworks # opensource # productivity # testing Comments Add Comment 4 min read How To Use Code Coverage For Test Prioritization & Refactoring? Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Sep 22 '25 How To Use Code Coverage For Test Prioritization & Refactoring? # codecoverage # softwaretest # coveragetest Comments Add Comment 3 min read 15 Best Free Software Testing Tools for QA & Developers Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Sep 4 '25 15 Best Free Software Testing Tools for QA & Developers # softwaretesting # testingtools # freetestingtools # opensource Comments Add Comment 4 min read What Is Test Automation: Strategies, Tools, and Best Practices Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Sophie Lane Follow Sep 1 '25 What Is Test Automation: Strategies, Tools, and Best Practices # testing # automation # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/commit_confidential/a-critique-refresh-for-the-sxsw-community-manager-manifesto-2012-4741#comments | A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Ellis Posted on Nov 29, 2025 A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) # community # contributorswanted # healthydebate SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) CRITIQUE & ANALYSIS Authored by: Michael Ellis Joy Ndukwe [Your Name Here] Context, Introduction & Critiques Introduction The Community Creed (2026) is a living document created to help community professionals navigate the changing realities of our work. It combines principle with practice, offering guidance that is both ethical and actionable. This Creed was inspired by the Community Manager Manifesto first drafted at SXSW in 2012, one of the earliest collective attempts to define the role of community management. That document gave language to an emerging profession and built early bridges between companies and their communities. More than a decade later, our context has changed. The platforms are different, the pace is faster, and the work has expanded far beyond social media or customer engagement. Today, community management is a blend of strategy, care, design, and stewardship. The goal of this Creed is not to replace what came before, but to extend it, to give today’s practitioners a modern foundation that reflects inclusion, digital ethics, and sustainability. It was written collaboratively and is meant to evolve through feedback, translation, and shared authorship. Every line is meant to be useful, not ornamental. The document is structured in three tiers: Core Principles , how we show up as humans in this work Sustainable Practice , how we operate with integrity and care Evolving Systems , how we adapt and collaborate for the future Readers are invited to reference, remix, and contribute to this work. The only requirement is to credit it faithfully and continue improving it with the same spirit of openness with which it was created. This is a resource for anyone who helps people connect, whether in open-source projects, digital communities, workplaces, classrooms, or creative networks. It is built on a simple belief: Intent + Effort > Perfection Quick Summary: What Holds Up vs. What’s Outdated The following highlights a distilled version of our initial findings for the current state of the Community Manifesto. A more detailed overview of the findings with notes has been proved below Still Valuable: [ ] Commitment to transparency and trust [ ] Belief in empowering members [ ] Advocacy for CMs in strategy [ ] Curated community voice [ ] Focus on education and collaboration Needs Updating: [ ] Measurement sophistication [ ] DEI, accessibility, equity [ ] Recognition of burnout and boundary setting [ ] Modern safety and moderation frameworks [ ] Decentralized ecosystems and AI-era realities Detailed Summary: A Closer Look at Findings 1. It’s Aspirational, Not Operational Quote: “We must participate in business strategy development & decision-making.” Critique: Yes, we must - but the manifesto never defines how . It assumes CMs are already empowered within org structures that historically silo community beneath marketing or support. In reality, that seat at the table must be earned through data, diplomacy, and demonstrated business impact. Modern Lens: Today’s CM needs frameworks for internal advocacy: stakeholder mapping, narrative storytelling with metrics, and partnership models. Without those, “participate in strategy” becomes wishful thinking. 2. The Measurement Language Is Thin Quote: “Engagement levels, sentiment, growth, response.” Critique: That’s 2010-era social metric speak. It doesn’t capture product-community loops, retention value, or conversion funnels. There’s no mention of LTV, NPS, or community-led growth metrics. Modern Lens: We now think in terms of behavioral impact, network effects, and flywheel metrics. “Sentiment” and “growth” are surface-level; what matters is impact on activation, retention, and revenue. The manifesto would benefit from connecting measurement to specific business outcomes. 3. It Treats ‘Trust’ as an Internal Comms Problem, Not a Systems Design Challenge Quote: “We must publish clear process, protocol and service level agreement (SLA).” Critique: Transparency and SLAs are good - but trust in communities isn’t built by process documents; it’s built through predictable, humane moderation and shared governance models. Modern Lens: We now talk about community safety architecture, consent-based design, and ethical automation. The manifesto predates the era of algorithmic visibility, platform toxicity, and DEI accountability. Today, trust means addressing psychological safety, not just SLAs. 4. It Romanticizes the CM as a Hero Archetype Quote: “We represent and report on the voice of the customer.” Critique: The “voice of the customer” framing centralizes one person as the conduit. But community is a system, not a spokesperson. A single CM can’t scale that role responsibly. Modern Lens: We need distributed ownership: ambassador programs, champion models, and contributor pathways that turn the community itself into the voice. The manifesto overemphasizes the CM’s personal role and underplays the need for scalable frameworks. 5. It Lacks a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Perspective Critique: There’s no mention of accessibility, bias, or representational equity. For a manifesto that talks about “belonging,” that’s a major blind spot. Modern Lens: Belonging must include equity of access and safety. A current version would call out inclusion practices explicitly: inclusive moderation, global time zone fairness, multilingual support, and compensating unpaid community labor. 6. It Doesn’t Address Burnout or Boundaries Quote: “Community managers should be part of creating and nurturing the voice of the company.” Critique: That’s noble - but also the kind of expectation that leads to 24/7 emotional labor. The manifesto assumes infinite emotional energy and availability. Modern Lens: Healthy community management includes boundary setting, shared accountability, and emotional hygiene. We now teach community sustainability, workload balancing, and trauma-informed practices. 7. It’s Brand-Centric, Not Ecosystem-Centric Critique: Much of the manifesto focuses on aligning community to organizational goals, not co-creating shared value with the community itself. Modern Lens: The CM is cast as an internal advocate who translates community to business, but not as a community advocate who negotiates power with the brand. In mature community ecosystems, power dynamics are shared: open governance, contributor voting, transparent decision-making. 8. It Doesn’t Anticipate Decentralization or Open-Source Models Critique: It reads like something written for brand communities on Facebook and Twitter, not for federated or contributor-owned ecosystems. Modern Lens: Community leadership today often happens without brand control — through DAOs, open source projects, or federated groups. Modern manifestos talk about stewardship, not ownership. 9. Its Language Is Formal but Lacks Emotional Intelligence Critique: It uses business vocabulary (“service level agreements,” “protocols”) but rarely human language about empathy, curiosity, or creativity. Modern Lens: Community health is emotional, cultural, and narrative. We now integrate psychology, ritual, and storytelling into CM practice. 10. It Remains an Artifact of “Early Social Media” Critique: The manifesto feels frozen in a pre-algorithmic era. There’s no mention of moderation at scale, AI tools, parasocial dynamics, or community as brand protection. Modern Lens: Today, CMs navigate misinformation, harassment, creator economies, and AI-assisted engagement. The manifesto would need an entire new section on digital ethics and platform stewardship. Community Creed (2026) v1 THE COMMUNITY CREED (2026) A Practical Framework for Ethical, Sustainable, and Connected Community Management Authored by: Michael Ellis Joy Ndukwe Robert Collis [Hopefully, Your Name Here] Preamble & Preface: This Creed builds upon the Community Manager Manifesto first that was first developed at SXSW in 2013. At the time, the document was landmark, and we respect its contribution to legitimizing and professionalizing the field of Community Management - while also recognizing a few of the original document’s limitations: it reflected a narrow moment in time, corporate, Western, and executive-driven. The Community Creed (2026) continues that legacy of building upon the 2013 Manifesto through an inclusive, practitioner-led lens. It is both a moral compass and a field guide for community leaders, moderators, and strategists everywhere. We believe progress in this work follows a simple formula: Intent + Effort > Perfection Introduction The Community Creed (2026) is a living document created to help community professionals navigate the changing realities of our work. It combines principle with practice, offering guidance that is both ethical and actionable. This Creed was inspired by the Community Manager Manifesto first drafted at SXSW in 2012, one of the earliest collective attempts to define the role of community management. That document gave language to an emerging profession and built early bridges between companies and their communities. More than a decade later, our context has changed. The platforms are different, the pace is faster, and the work has expanded far beyond social media or customer engagement. Today, community management is a blend of strategy, care, design, and stewardship. The goal of this Creed is not to replace what came before, but to extend it, to give today’s practitioners a modern foundation that reflects inclusion, digital ethics, and sustainability. It was written collaboratively and is meant to evolve through feedback, translation, and shared authorship. Every line is meant to be useful, not ornamental. The document is structured in three tiers: Core Principles : how we show up as humans in this work Sustainable Practice : how we operate with integrity and care Evolving Systems : how we adapt and collaborate for the future Readers are invited to reference, remix, and contribute to this work. The only requirement is to credit it faithfully and continue improving it with the same spirit of openness with which it was created. This is a resource for anyone who helps people connect, whether in open-source projects, digital communities, workplaces, classrooms, or creative networks. It is built on a simple belief: community and collaboration serve to better our shared and collective experience. TIER I – Core Principles These define how we show up as humans in our day-to-day work as Community Managers. 1. Start from Trust Principle: Trust enables participation. Practice: Be transparent, consistent, and clear. Publish guidelines and respond reliably. Measure: Member retention, re-engagement, and sentiment trends. 2. Lead with Empathy Principle: Empathy improves dialogue and conflict resolution. Practice: Listen before reacting (active listening); validate before correcting. Use inclusive "we" framing. Acknowledge emotions. Measure: Reduced escalations, increased voluntary resolutions. 3. Build Together Principle: Co-creation strengthens belonging & community.Practice: Invite members into design, feedback, and leadership roles. Measure: Growth of member-led initiatives or content. 4. Measure What Matters Principle: Metrics should reflect health, not vanity. Practice: Balance quantitative and qualitative data; review quarterly. Measure: Scorecards including belonging, safety, and impact indicators. 5. Respect Labor Principle: Community work is real work. Practice: Credit contributors, advocate fair pay, and provide growth paths. Measure: Contributor satisfaction, retention, and documented volunteer hours. TIER II – Sustainable Practices These ensure that communities, and the people running them, can thrive over time. 6. Design for Inclusion Principle: Accessibility expands creativity and trust. Practice: Provide transcripts, translations, inclusive visuals, and cross-time-zone access. Seek diverse voices early, not as an after-thought. Include different abilities, identities, languages, cultures, and lived experiences. Measure: Participation diversity and accessibility feedback. 7. Protect Boundaries Principle: Healthy communities need healthy managers. Practice: Set office hours, rotate duties, and normalize rest. Measure: Team retention and burnout indicators. 8. Steward Voice, Not Control It Principle: Communities thrive on authentic expression. Practice: Represent members honestly; share decision rationales; empower advocates. Measure: Organic advocacy and community-led communication. 9. Act with Integrity Principle: Transparency sustains credibility. Practice: Own mistakes publicly; protect confidentiality; stay consistent. Measure: Trust sentiment after incidents or changes. 10. Build for the Long Term Principle: Communities are ecosystems, not campaigns. Practice: Document rituals and processes; revisit values annually. Measure: Member longevity, repeat engagement, and institutional memory. TIER III – Evolving Systems These guide how communities grow beyond themselves and connect with others. 11. Foster Cross-Community Collaboration Principle: Healthy ecosystems connect beyond their borders. Practice: Partner with aligned communities, share knowledge, and co-create initiatives. Measure: Number and quality of collaborations, joint projects, or knowledge exchanges. 12. Use Technology Thoughtfully Principle: Tools, including AI, are extensions of our intent. Practice: Apply the same community principles of care, transparency, and accountability to tool use. Audit automation and AI systems for bias, fairness, and unintended impact. Communicate openly when automated systems interact with members or are used for creative work, detailed data analysis, or content generation. Provide human alternatives where possible, ensuring members can choose personal interaction. Treat tools as partners in service, not cost or time saving replacements for human connection. Measure: Member satisfaction following automation or AI implementation. Frequency of human review and feedback cycles. Documented improvements in workflow, fairness, or accessibility enabled by technology. Closing Reflections This Creed does not replace the 2012 Manifesto; it extends and builds upon it. Where the original spoke from the perspective of executive leadership, this document speaks with practitioner-first ethos. Where the old defined ideals, this one defines tangible actions for day-to-day realities. And where the first assumed privilege, this one assumes duty and responsibility. This is because community management is both a professional discipline and a human -centric art, requiring skill, empathy, and maturity in equal measure. The Community Creed (2026) is a living document. It will evolve through dialogue, translation, and practice. Its goal is not perfection but honesty, a shared commitment to building better, together. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Ellis Follow Community manager specializing in advancing community health, dev engagement, & creative events. Focused on building communities that scale with clarity, trust, and measurable value across the org. Pronouns He/Him Work Community Manager Joined Nov 26, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview I Am 38, I Am a Nurse, and I Have Always Wanted to Learn Coding # career # learning # beginners # coding What makes a good tech Meet-up? # discuss # community # a11y # meet 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/joe-re/i-built-a-desktop-app-to-supercharge-my-tmux-claude-code-workflow-521m#status-display-amp-sound-notifications | I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse joe-re Posted on Jan 12 I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow # claudecode # tauri # productivity # tmux Background Until recently, I was primarily using Cursor for AI-assisted coding. The editor-centric AI integration worked really well with my development style—it made the feedback loop smooth when AI-generated code didn't match my intentions, whether I needed to manually fix it or provide additional instructions. But everything changed when Opus 4.5 was released in late November last year. Opus 4.5 delivers outputs that match my expectations far better than any previous model. Claude Code's CUI-first design also feels natural to my workflow. Now, Claude Code has become the center of my development process. I've locked in Opus 4.5 as my daily driver. I typically run multiple Claude Code sessions simultaneously—across different projects or multiple branches using git worktree. Managing notifications and checking outputs across these sessions is critical. I was using OS notifications to check in whenever changes happened, but I kept missing them. I wanted something better. So I built an app to streamline my workflow. What I Built eyes-on-claude-code It's a cross-platform desktop application built with Tauri . I've only tested it on macOS (my daily environment), but the codebase is designed to support Linux as well. My Environment & Workflow This app is primarily designed to optimize my own workflow, so the features reflect my environment and habits. I develop using Ghostty + tmux . My typical workflow looks like this: Draft ideas and design in Markdown Give instructions to Claude Code (using Plan mode for larger tasks) Review the diff of generated code, then provide additional instructions or continue Features Multi-Session Monitoring Dashboard The dashboard monitors Claude Code sessions by receiving events through hooks configured in the global settings.json . Since I keep this running during development, I designed it with a minimal, non-intrusive UI. Always-on-top mode (optional) ensures the window doesn't get buried under other apps—so you never miss a notification. Transparency settings let you configure opacity separately for active and inactive states. When inactive, you can make it nearly invisible so it doesn't get in the way. It's there in the top-right corner, barely visible. Status Display & Sound Notifications Sessions are displayed with one of four states: State Meaning Display Active Claude is working 🟢 WaitingPermission Waiting for permission approval 🔐 WaitingInput Waiting for user input (idle) ⏳ Completed Response complete ✅ Sound effects play on state changes (can be toggled off): Waiting (Permission/Input) : Alert tone (two low beeps) Completed : Completion chime (ascending two-note sound) I'm planning to add volume control and custom commands in the future—like using say to speak or playing music on completion 🎵 Git-Based Diff Viewer I usually review AI-generated changes using difit . I wanted to integrate that same flow into this app, so you can launch difit directly on changed files. Huge thanks to the difit team for building such a great tool! tmux Integration When developing, I use tmux panes and tabs to manage multiple windows. My typical setup is Claude Code on the left half, and server/commands on the right. When working across multiple projects or branches via git worktree, it's frustrating to hunt for which tmux tab has Claude Code running. So I added a tmux mirror view that lets you quickly check results and give simple instructions without switching tabs. How It Works The app uses Claude Code hooks to determine session status based on which hooks fire. Event Flow I didn't want to introduce complexity with an intermediate server for inter-process communication. So I went with a simple approach: hooks write to log files, and the app watches those files. Hooks write logs to a temporary directory ( .local/eocc/logs ), which the app monitors. Since Claude Code runs in a terminal, hooks can access terminal environment paths. This lets me grab tmux and npx paths from within hooks and pass them to the app. Mapping Hooks to Status Claude Code provides these hook events: https://code.claude.com/docs/hooks-guide Here's how I map them to session states: Event Usage Session State session_start (startup/resume) Start a session Active session_end End a session Remove session notification (permission_prompt) Waiting for approval WaitingPermission notification (idle_prompt) Waiting for input WaitingInput stop Response completed Completed post_tool_use After tool execution Active user_prompt_submit Prompt submitted Active Conclusion I've only been using Claude Code as my primary tool for about two months, and I expect my workflow will keep evolving. Thanks to AI, I can quickly build and adapt tools like this—which is exactly what makes this era so exciting. If your workflow is similar to mine, give it a try! I'd love to hear your feedback. GitHub : https://github.com/joe-re/eyes-on-claude-code Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse joe-re Follow Software Engineer in Japan Work PeopleX Inc. Joined Jan 2, 2018 Trending on DEV Community Hot AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. 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https://dev.to/quoll/classy-2hah#rules | Stay Classy in OWL - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paula Gearon Posted on Nov 14, 2022 Stay Classy in OWL # rdf # owl # sparql # rules In an effort to publish this quickly, I am posting without proofreading. Errata is welcome. In the last post I discussed using rules to generate RDF statements that are entailed by RDFS . This is useful stuff, but is very limited due to the lack of expressivity of RDFS. This is to be expected, since RDFS was a limited vocabulary that was released well before the full Web Ontology Language ( OWL ) was released. But if we adopt OWL, then what entailments will be valid and useful? Description Logics As shown in my first post in this series , OWL provides a vocabulary for a Description Logic. In particular, OWL2 conforms closely to a family of logics known as 𝒮ℛ𝒪ℐ𝒬. This name indicates some of the elements of the vocabulary: 𝒮: An Abbreviation for 𝒜ℒ𝒞 𝒜ℒ𝒞: Contains concepts including: Classes C , and roles r ⊤ (top, or everything ) ⊥ (bottom, or nothing ) ⊓ (conjunctions, or intersections) ⊔ (disjunctions, or unions) ¬ (negation, or inverse) ∃r.C (existential role restrictions) ∀r.C (universal role restrictions) ℋ: Class hierarchies (classes, with subclasses) ℛ: Complex role inclusion. This is both a role hierarchy (indicated by ℋ) and role composition. ℐ: Inverse roles. 𝒪: Nominals. 𝒩: Cardinality restrictions on roles. 𝒬: Qualified cardinality. This includes cardinality restrictions (indicated by 𝒩), and can also qualify them to classes. To explain each of the above: Classes are a way to classify things. Entities can be classified multiple ways, in which case we say the entity has a type of the class, or that the entity is an instance of the class. e.g. Person can be a class and the entity we name "Alice" may be an instance of Person . Roles describe relationships between entities. e.g. an entity named "Alice" may have a hasChild relationship to an entity named "Susan". Top is a universal class that every entity is an instance of. Bottom is an empty class that no entity is an instance of. Conjunctions are the combination of multiple classes where every class must apply. e.g. A wooden chair is an instance of the conjunction formed from the classes Wooden and Furniture . Disjunctions are the combination of multiple classes where one or more classes must apply. e.g. OfficeEquipment could be a disjunction of OfficeFurniture , ComputerEquipment , Stationery , and KitchenSupplies . Negation is used to create a class of everything that is not the negated class. e.g. The negation of the class of Visible things is everything that cannot be seen. That includes both physical objects, like air, but also arbitrary concepts like "imagination" or "price". It is the entire universe of things that are not in the Visible class. Existential role restrictions means that a given relationship must exist in order to be a member of a class. e.g. To be a Parent an entity must have a hasChild relationship to another entity. Universal role restrictions means that all use of a role has to be with a specific class. e.g. hasChild can be defined to always refer to instances of the class Child . Role hierarchy indicates more general or specific relationships between roles. This creates sub-property and super-property relationships and is roughly analogous to sub-classes and super-classes. e.g. hasDaughter is a more specific role than hasChild , while hasDescendent is a more general role. So hasDaughter is a sub-property for hasChild , and hasChild is a sub-property for hasDescendent . Inverse roles refers to the relationship that goes in the opposite direction between entities. e.g. hasParent is the inverse role to hasChild . Nominals describes a class of items that is defined by its membership in the class. e.g. PresidentOfTheUnitedStates can be defined as a class of the 46 people who have had that position (as of this writing). Number restrictions (or cardinality restrictions ) refers to a minimum or maximum number of relationships. e.g. To be a member of FullTimeStudent a university might require that a student have a minimum of 4 enrolledIn relationships. Qualified cardinality is a more specific type of nominal, where the class of the relationship must apply. e.g. For a student to be a MathMajor they might require a minimum of 10 passed relationships to instances of MathSubject . OWL These constructs are all supported by OWL , and each of those constructs has a mapping to RDF . This means that for each Description Logic expression there is a way to express that expression precisely in RDF. It is data like this that was read and processed by Pellet in the Oedipus example in my initial post . The problem with systems like Pellet is that they rely on memory to explore all possibilities for the data. Consequently, they can struggle with large bodies of data, and are unable to handle large ontologies such as SNOMED CT . We have a much better chance of scaling OWL processing if we can use operations that databases are designed to provide. The principal database operation is the Query , and so the various approaches to scaling try to build on this operation. Query Rewriting One approach to identifying entailments in OWL is by using it to rewrite queries. The first to consider is a general approach to rewriting queries, where the query can be expanded to ask for parts of the ontology. For instance, consider asking for the classes a resource is an instance of: select ?class where { my : resource a ?class } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can be rewritten to consider superclasses as well: select ?class where { my : resource a / rdfs : subClassOf * ?class } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Where the * modifier describes the transitive closure of the rdfs:subClassOf relationship, starting with the 0 step, meaning that it includes the step where the class is the immediate type of the resource. A more specific case is using the ontology to rewrite the query. For instance, if the property my:prop is transitive, then querying for it can always be expanded to use the + modifier. So the query: select ?related where { my : resource my : prop ?related } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Would be modified to: select ?related where { my : resource my : prop + ?related } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode These are some trivial examples, but some great work was done on this by Héctor Pérez-Urbina in his PhD dissertation . Rules Another approach to scalable entailment is using rules. The mechanism for this is using certain existing data structures to generate new data structures that get inserted alongside the original data. I described this in the last post , where I used construct queries to obtain the data generated by each rule. The other option is to send this generated statements back into the graph by changing construct to insert . For instance, the transitive closure of the property my:prop above could be created with an update operation: insert { ?a my : prop ?c } where { ?a my : prop ?b . ?b my : prop ?c } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Note that this is a single update, and not actually a full "rule". Running this will only extend all of the my:prop relations by 1 step, doubling the length to 2. But running this iteratively will extend the maximum length of the closure by doubling, so it will rapidly cover the entire closure. What we can learn from this is that rule systems can be built from query/update operations like this, but they need a mechanism for scheduling the rules to be run over and over when needed, and to stop when nothing new is being generated. The basic algorithm for doing this is called RETE , and I discussed this and an implementation at Clojure/conj 2016 . Because rules are built on a querying mechanism that is foundational to the database, they are often very fast. They also rely on the main database storage, so they can scale with the database. They allow computational complexity to be pre-calculated, with the results stored. This allows subsequent operations to rely on space complexity instead. These are very important characteristics for working with large quantities of data, and for this reason I will be focusing on this approach to entailment. Rule Justification Many OWL operations describe entailments that can be expressed as a rule. For instance, the OWL 2 Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax document describes many constructs with examples of what they entail. There are many examples of this, but a simple one is the Symmetric Object Property which describes that a:friend is symmetric. Consequently, if "Brian is a friend of Peter" then this entails "Peter is a friend of Brian". The general rule for symmetry can then be given as: insert { ?b ?prop ?a } where { ?a ?prop ?b . ?prop a owl : SymmetricProperty } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can seem to be a straightforward operation, but interesting insights come about when we consider exactly why these new statements are allowed to be asserted. Validity and Consistency Logic systems can be described using a pair of properties: validity and consistency. A system is valid if every interpretation of the systems leads to conclusions that are true. A system is invalid if there exists an interpretation where the conclusions are not true. A system is consistent if there exists an interpretation where the conclusions are true. A system is inconsistent if there are no interpretations where the conclusions are true. The interpretation of a system is a selection of values that conform to the system. To explain some of this, let's use the mathematical domain. In this case, the interpretation will usually be a selection of numbers to associate with values. Valid Since every possible interpretation of a valid system is true, these are also referred to as a tautology . At first glance, this does not seem that useful, however it is a very important concept. An example of a valid math expression is: | x | ≥ x The various interpretations of this system are the values that x can take in the domain of real numbers ℝ. In this case, it doesn't matter what value x takes, since the equation will always be true. This is still logic, so we can introduce an or operation, with another valid equation: x > 1 ∨ x < 2 Again, this is a tautology, as it will be true for every interpretation of x in the domain. Invalid This applies to any system which is not valid. That simply means that there exists an interpretation where truth does not hold. For instance: x > 2 This is true when x is 3 or 4, but it is not true when x is 1 or 2. Lots of systems are Invalid, since tautologies (i.e. valid systems) don't have a lot to say. Consistent A system is consistent when there exists an interpretation that leads to truth. The example invalid statement also happens to be consistent: x > 2 As already mentioned, when x is 3 then the statement is true, so this system is consistent. Inconsistent This indicates that a system is not consistent, meaning that there are no possible interpretations which can be true. For instance: x < 3 ∧ x > 4 There are no numbers that meet both of these conditions, and therefore there are no interpretations where this is true. Relations to Each Other When considered in relation to one another we see the following states for systems: Always true: Valid and Consistent Sometimes true, Sometimes false: Invalid and Consistent Always false: Invalid and Inconsistent Entailment Entailment is the operation of finding new statements that are true in every possible interpretation of a system, given its semantics. This is possible when using the Open World Assumption (OWA), since new statements can always be added, which is a concept that is sometimes expressed as, "Anyone can say Anything about Anything" (this phrase appears in an early draft of the RDF Concepts and Abstract Data Model , and also in the book " Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist ", by Allemang, Hendler, and now in the second edition, Gandon. I will refer to this book as SWWO). This cuts both ways though: not only does it mean that new statement may be created, but it also limits which statements may be created. The OWA says that there are possibly a lot of other statements that the system does not describe which could lead to a statement not being possible in every possible interpretation. When it comes to identifying new statements that can be entailed, it is a useful exercise to consider all the possible constructs that could lead to the statement leading to a falsehood, even if it requires a convoluted set of statements to get there. Tableaux One approach in using validity and consistency is to determine if a given system entails a statement using the Tableaux Algorithm. In this case, for a given system 𝑮 an entailment 𝑨 is described as: 𝑮 ⊨ 𝑨 This entailment can only be true if: 𝑮 ⋃ {¬𝑨} is inconsistent This is a useful test, because the algorithm need only discover a single false case to prove inconsistency. Pellet is an implementation of this algorithm, and while it does not scale to very large ontologies, it is nevertheless very powerful. Rules Another approach to entailment is to use rules. As mentioned above, this can be done when we know that a statement is legal in every possible interpretation of the system. There is a defined subset of possible reasoning in OWL2 which can lead to entailments via rules. This subset is called the OWL 2 RL Profile , and the rules can be found in tables 4 through to table 9 in the rules section of the OWL 2 Profiles document. It is some of these rules that I want to explore here and in other posts. Intersections A practical application of all of this can be seen in Intersections. As described in SWWO , an intersection of classes :A and :B can be described using a subclass relationship: This is described in Turtle as: : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's consider what can be inferred from this. If we have an instance of :IntersectionAB called :x , then this is represented as: : x a : IntersectionAB . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The rule rdfs9 is: insert { ?zzz a ?yyy } where { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf ?yyy . ?zzz a ?xxx } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Applying this will result in :x being an instance of both :A and :B : : x a : IntersectionAB . : x a : A . : x a : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode These inferences are valid, because the definition of the rdfs:subClassOf relationship states and instances of a subclass will also be instances of the superclass. There are no interpretations where this does not hold. Class Membership Another possibility is when :y is a member of both :A and :B . : y a : A . : y a : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode It would seem reasonable to infer that :y is therefore an instance of :IntersectionAB . However, inferences are only valid if they apply in every possible system, and the Open World Assumption (OWA) must allow for any new consistent statement. There are statements that can be introduced that are both consistent with the existing statements, and inconsistent with inferring :y as a member of :IntersectionAB . To see an example of this, we can introduce a two new classes, called :C and :D , are the complements of each other. This means that anything that is a member of :C is not a member of :D , and vice versa. We can also make :IntersectionAB a subclass of :C : : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B, : C . : C owl: complementOf : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If :y becomes an instance of :D then if cannot be a part of the intersection, since it cannot be an instance of :C . : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B, : C . : C owl: complementOf : D . : y a : A, : B, : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regardless of how contrived the example may be, the fact that any such example exists indicates that the inference may not be made. OWL Intersections The problem with inferring membership in an intersection above is that the intersection is open , meaning that new classes can be added to the intersection, and those classes can preclude an instance of the other classes from becoming a member. OWL addresses this by defining an closed intersection using an RDF Collection . This uses a linked list structure that does not allow for extra members. Redefining :IntersectionAB we can express this in TTL as: : IntersectionAB owl: intersectionOf ( : A : B ) . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This looks short and simple, but expands into a longer set of triples: : IntersectionAB owl: intersectionOf _: b1 . _: b1 rdf: first : A . _: b1 rdf: rest _: b2 . _: b2 rdf: first : B . _: b2 rdf: rest rdf: nil . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode RDF defines collections to have a specific structure with each node in the list having a single rdf:first and rdf:rest connection, terminating in the rdf:nil node. This means that it is not a valid construct to include any more elements in the collection. As a consequence, if there is an element :y which is an instance of both :A and :B , then it is not possible to add in triples that make :y a member of something that is excluded from the intersection. Therefore, it is valid to infer that :y is in the intersection: : y a : IntersectionAB . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is described in the OWL semantics, and demonstrated in the OWL 2 RL profile in the rule cls-int1 found in table 6. This rule states: IF T(?c, owl:intersectionOf, ?x) LIST[?x, ?c1, ..., ?cn] T(?y, rdf:type, ?c1) T(?y, rdf:type, ?c2) ... T(?y, rdf:type, ?cn) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode THEN T(?y, rdf:type, ?c) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In English it says: If ?c is an intersection described by ?x and ?x is a list containing ?c1 through to ?cn and ?y is an instance of every element in that list Then ?y is an instance of the intersection ?c In Practice Unfortunately, this is tricky to describe in SPARQL. It is easy to check if a value is an instance of one or more members of a list, but how can you check if it is a member of every member of the list? Let's start with some example data, and try to perform the entailment on it. First of all, we can define the intersection of 3 classes: :A , :B and :C . Then we'll describe 3 objects: :m , :n , and :o . The :m object will be an instance of all 3 classes The :n object will be an instance of 2 of the 3 classes The :o object will not be an instance of any of the classes We should be able to find that :m is a member of the intersection, while :n and :o are not. : IntABC owl: intersectionOf ( : A : B : C ). : m a : A, : B, : C . : n a : A, : C . : o a : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's start with finding a value ?y which is a member of the intersection class ?c : select distinct ?y where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This returns :m and :n , since they are both instances of classes in the intersection. Now we need to remove values of ?x which don't match every class in the intersection. To do that, start with finding those that don't match everything in the intersection. This can be found by considering each element in the collection (call it ?d ) and pairing it with every other element in the collection (call these ?d2 ). We can then look for the instances of ?d : select distinct ?y ?d ?2 where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This returns every class paired with every other class, but only for instances of the first class: ?y ?d ?d2 :m :C :A :m :C :B :m :A :C :m :A :B :m :B :A :m :B :C :n :C :A :n :C :B :n :A :C :n :A :B Note how :n does not include a ?d equal to :B , but it does have ?d2 set to each value. If we remove cases where ?y is set to the second value, then everything will be removed for ?y = :m , since: when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :A , then ?y is also an instance of :B and :C when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :B , then ?y is also an instance of :A and :C . when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :C , then ?y is also an instance of :A and :B However, when ?y is :n not everything is cancelled: when ?y is :n , and :n is an instance of :A , then ?y is and instance of :C , and that gets removed, but :n is not an instance of :B . when ?y is :n , and :n is an instance of :C , then ?y is an instance of :A , and that gets removed, but :n is not an instance of :B . The query to express this is: select distinct ?y ?d ?d2 where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 }} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ?y ?d ?d2 :n :C :B :n :A :B Now that we've found the values of ?y that we don't want, they can be removed from the original query: select distinct ?y where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn MINUS { ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This gives the single solution of :m ?y :m So the final rule is: insert { ?y a ?c } where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn MINUS { ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode NOTE: This query is for demonstration only. These operations are implemented doubly nested loops, which will not scale at all. It works for small ontologies, but if you try it on something like SNOMED then you will discover that the database will process for over a week. Non-standard SPARQL operations can do this much more efficiently. Final Comment This post was to introduce people to some of the more detailed elements of OWL's representation of Description Logic, explained Valid models are ones in which all interpretations will be true, and how entailment can be made for Consistent statements that lead to correct models for every possible interpretation. The examples at the end demonstrated how entailment can be limited in the open structures of RDFS, but is more capable for the closed structures described in OWL, always remembering that the model itself always follows the Open World Assumption. The SPARQL rule for owl:intersectionOf was me being clever, even if it's useless in the real world due to the scalability issues. 😊 I've been doing this in the real world with code that is outside of SPARQL, but I ought to be able to do it with SPARQL extensions like stardog:list:member (this could remove one level of loop in the above query, but I think it's possible to do even better). All of this is to provide background for my next blog post, which I ought to be able to start now that I've finished writing this! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Paula Gearon Follow Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Education Computer Engineering. Physics. Work Semantic Web Architect Joined Dec 1, 2018 More from Paula Gearon Classification # rdf # owl # sparql # rules What Can't I do, as a Rule? # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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Right menu DLMan :: the download manager I always wanted Shayan Shayan Shayan Follow Jan 8 DLMan :: the download manager I always wanted # programming # opensource # rust # tauri Comments Add Comment 2 min read IRQs and the Art of Not Crashing Florent Herisson Florent Herisson Florent Herisson Follow Jan 9 IRQs and the Art of Not Crashing # osdev # programming # interrupts # lowlevel Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Secret Life of Go: Interfaces Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Follow Jan 12 The Secret Life of Go: Interfaces # go # coding # programming # software 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why Markdown Is The Secret To Better AI Karishma Shukla Karishma Shukla Karishma Shukla Follow Jan 8 Why Markdown Is The Secret To Better AI # webdev # ai # tutorial # programming 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How JSON Works Behind the Scenes in Web Apps yutilo yutilo yutilo Follow Jan 8 How JSON Works Behind the Scenes in Web Apps # webdev # json # api # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Solved: Why do project-management refugees think a weekend AWS course makes them engineers? Darian Vance Darian Vance Darian Vance Follow Jan 8 Solved: Why do project-management refugees think a weekend AWS course makes them engineers? # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 7 min read You Probably Already Know What a Monad Is Christian Ekrem Christian Ekrem Christian Ekrem Follow Jan 8 You Probably Already Know What a Monad Is # programming # frontend # functional # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read Assertion Blocks in Voiden Dhruba Patra Dhruba Patra Dhruba Patra Follow Jan 8 Assertion Blocks in Voiden # api # programming # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read 8 Python Automation Scripts to Say Goodbye to Repetitive Tasks ServBay ServBay ServBay Follow Jan 8 8 Python Automation Scripts to Say Goodbye to Repetitive Tasks # webdev # programming # python # automation 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read 🎉 Big News for Python Developers & Mermaid Fans: "mmdc" Makes Mermaid Diagrams Easy as Python! 🚀 Mohammad Raziei Mohammad Raziei Mohammad Raziei Follow Jan 8 🎉 Big News for Python Developers & Mermaid Fans: "mmdc" Makes Mermaid Diagrams Easy as Python! 🚀 # mermaid # python # javascript # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Missing to Meaningful: Modern Approaches to Data Imputation in R Dipti Moryani Dipti Moryani Dipti Moryani Follow Jan 8 From Missing to Meaningful: Modern Approaches to Data Imputation in R # programming # ai # datascience Comments Add Comment 5 min read لماذا نعتقد: كيف يمكننا تحسين قدرة النماذج على التفكير Mohamed Shaban Mohamed Shaban Mohamed Shaban Follow Jan 8 لماذا نعتقد: كيف يمكننا تحسين قدرة النماذج على التفكير # news # ai # tech # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why Most AI Coding Sessions Fail (And How to Fix It) Steve Harlow Steve Harlow Steve Harlow Follow Jan 8 Why Most AI Coding Sessions Fail (And How to Fix It) # ai # productivity # devops # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read Day 8: Designing the API Contract First Erik Erik Erik Follow for Allscreenshots Jan 8 Day 8: Designing the API Contract First # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Tool Boundaries for Agents: When to Call Tools + How to Design Tool I/O (So Your System Stops Guessing) Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Follow Jan 8 Tool Boundaries for Agents: When to Call Tools + How to Design Tool I/O (So Your System Stops Guessing) # ai # programming # rag # mcp Comments Add Comment 5 min read I Got Tired of Rebuilding the Same SaaS Setup — So I Turned It Into a Boilerplate Dev. Resources Dev. Resources Dev. Resources Follow Jan 8 I Got Tired of Rebuilding the Same SaaS Setup — So I Turned It Into a Boilerplate # webdev # programming # javascript # nextjs 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Course Launch: Writing Is an Important Part of Coding Prasoon Jadon Prasoon Jadon Prasoon Jadon Follow Jan 8 Course Launch: Writing Is an Important Part of Coding # programming # learning # tutorial # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read My Thoughts on Frontend Architecture & Framework Choices for 2026 samurai-techlead samurai-techlead samurai-techlead Follow Jan 6 My Thoughts on Frontend Architecture & Framework Choices for 2026 # webdev # programming # frontend # architecture Comments Add Comment 4 min read Understanding API Authentication in C# : Mastering Deepangshi S. Deepangshi S. Deepangshi S. Follow Jan 8 Understanding API Authentication in C# : Mastering # csharp # auth # programming # learning 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 브루트 포스 dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 8 [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 브루트 포스 # programming # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary CodeCraft Diary Follow Jan 6 Testing Database Logic: What to Test, What to Skip, and Why It Matters # programming # php # testing # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read MVPs Don’t Work? Here’s How to Validate Products Fast Without Failing IT IDOL Technologies IT IDOL Technologies IT IDOL Technologies Follow Jan 8 MVPs Don’t Work? Here’s How to Validate Products Fast Without Failing # mvp # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 8 min read Code Hike in 100 Seconds Fabian Frank Werner Fabian Frank Werner Fabian Frank Werner Follow Jan 11 Code Hike in 100 Seconds # webdev # programming # javascript # beginners 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Dreamed of Being a Software Engineer at 8 — Still Figuring It Out at 21 Suraj Kumar Suraj Kumar Suraj Kumar Follow Jan 8 I Dreamed of Being a Software Engineer at 8 — Still Figuring It Out at 21 # webdev # programming # ai # javascript Comments Add Comment 2 min read Working with Categorical Data in R: Creating Frequency Tables as Data Frames (Modern Approaches) Anshuman Anshuman Anshuman Follow Jan 8 Working with Categorical Data in R: Creating Frequency Tables as Data Frames (Modern Approaches) # programming # ai # javascript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Programming Follow Hide The magic behind computers. 💻 🪄 Create Post Older #programming posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Job Board Scraping: API Endpoints & Cheat Sheet Zayan Mohamed Zayan Mohamed Zayan Mohamed Follow Jan 10 Job Board Scraping: API Endpoints & Cheat Sheet # api # python # machinelearning # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read EventBus Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Zaw Htut Win Follow Jan 9 EventBus # architecture # java # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚨 React Re-render Methods: Reference Matters! muthu raja muthu raja muthu raja Follow Jan 11 🚨 React Re-render Methods: Reference Matters! # react # beginners # webdev # programming Comments 1 comment 1 min read I Abused AI to Build Products. Here’s What It Cost Me. ItsMadeByDani ItsMadeByDani ItsMadeByDani Follow Jan 11 I Abused AI to Build Products. Here’s What It Cost Me. # ai # vibecoding # entrepreneurship # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Introducing MultiTyping.in – Improve Your Typing Speed & Accuracy Online | Built by Amit Kumar Ram Ram Ram Follow Jan 10 Introducing MultiTyping.in – Improve Your Typing Speed & Accuracy Online | Built by Amit Kumar # webdev # website # software # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Real ROI of TypeScript: Beyond Catching Typos Tarun Moorjani Tarun Moorjani Tarun Moorjani Follow Jan 9 The Real ROI of TypeScript: Beyond Catching Typos # discuss # programming # typescript # beginners Comments Add Comment 10 min read Building an Autonomous Template Business, kind of. Sang Song Sang Song Sang Song Follow Jan 9 Building an Autonomous Template Business, kind of. # agents # antigravity # programming # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read MongoDB Advanced Aggregations With Spring Boot and Amazon Corretto MongoDB Guests MongoDB Guests MongoDB Guests Follow for MongoDB Jan 9 MongoDB Advanced Aggregations With Spring Boot and Amazon Corretto # mongodb # webdev # programming # springboot Comments Add Comment 7 min read When AI Is the Programmer, the Language Has to Change Mark Edmondson Mark Edmondson Mark Edmondson Follow Jan 9 When AI Is the Programmer, the Language Has to Change # ai # coding # programming # go Comments Add Comment 2 min read If you could recommend only one book, what would it be and why? 📚 imasystem.engineer imasystem.engineer imasystem.engineer Follow Jan 9 If you could recommend only one book, what would it be and why? 📚 # discuss # books # programming # learning 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Model Context Protocol (MCP) — Integrating AI LLMs with Modern DevOps Systems CodeFalconX CodeFalconX CodeFalconX Follow Jan 9 Model Context Protocol (MCP) — Integrating AI LLMs with Modern DevOps Systems # programming # mcp # llm # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read The complex road to building software with AI, and why human experts still matter luis Yanguas Gómez de la serna luis Yanguas Gómez de la serna luis Yanguas Gómez de la serna Follow Jan 10 The complex road to building software with AI, and why human experts still matter # ai # softwaredevelopment # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Memory Layout: Heap vs Stack ali ehab algmass ali ehab algmass ali ehab algmass Follow Jan 9 Memory Layout: Heap vs Stack # computerscience # programming # architecture # learning Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Cut Your AI Costs in Half While Doubling Performance Debby McKinney Debby McKinney Debby McKinney Follow Jan 10 How to Cut Your AI Costs in Half While Doubling Performance # programming # ai # webdev # chatgpt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Bit Fields in C Explained: How They Work and Why They Matter Aman Prasad Aman Prasad Aman Prasad Follow Jan 10 Bit Fields in C Explained: How They Work and Why They Matter # discuss # programming # coding # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Interactive Big O Notation Guide Sergiy Bondaryev Sergiy Bondaryev Sergiy Bondaryev Follow Jan 9 Interactive Big O Notation Guide # computerscience # programming # javascript # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Retrieval rules for agents: retrieve-first, cite, and never obey retrieved instructions Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Follow Jan 9 Retrieval rules for agents: retrieve-first, cite, and never obey retrieved instructions # ai # mcp # rag # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read Understanding Pointers in GO Joshua Olajide Joshua Olajide Joshua Olajide Follow Jan 9 Understanding Pointers in GO # go # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Validation Is Your API’s First Line of Defense Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Follow Jan 10 Validation Is Your API’s First Line of Defense # validation # api # restapi # programming 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read Is the Tailwind "Slow-Motion Demise" a Replay of the Cloud Wars? Alexandru Spînu Alexandru Spînu Alexandru Spînu Follow Jan 9 Is the Tailwind "Slow-Motion Demise" a Replay of the Cloud Wars? # ai # tailwindcss # opensource # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cursor-like Semantic Rules in GitHub Copilot Maxim Saplin Maxim Saplin Maxim Saplin Follow Jan 8 Cursor-like Semantic Rules in GitHub Copilot # githubcopilot # cursor # ai # programming 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Solved: First KubeCon after the AI bubble bursts? Darian Vance Darian Vance Darian Vance Follow Jan 9 Solved: First KubeCon after the AI bubble bursts? # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 8 min read Building Advanced Data Tables with Server-Side Processing in flowbite-svelte and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Advanced Data Tables with Server-Side Processing in flowbite-svelte and Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 10 min read Building Accessible Dialog Components with Melt UI in Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Accessible Dialog Components with Melt UI in Svelte # svelte # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read Building Forms with Validation in carbon-components-svelte and Svelte Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Ethan Walker Follow Jan 9 Building Forms with Validation in carbon-components-svelte and Svelte # webdev # svelte # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close React Follow Hide Official tag for Facebook's React JavaScript library for building user interfaces Create Post submission guidelines 1️⃣ Post Facebook's React ⚛ related posts/questions/discussion topics here~ 2️⃣ There are no silly posts or questions as we all learn from each other👩🎓👨🎓 3️⃣ Adhere to dev.to 👩💻👨💻 Code of Conduct about #react React is a declarative, component-based library, you can learn once, and write anywhere Editor Guide Check out this Editor Guide or this post to learn how to add code syntax highlights, embed CodeSandbox/Codepen, etc Official Documentations & Source Docs Tutorial Community Blog Source code on GitHub Improving Your Chances for a Reply by putting a minimal example to either JSFiddle , Code Sandbox , or StackBlitz . 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Right menu Advanced React Patterns Every Developer Should Know Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Follow Jan 7 Advanced React Patterns Every Developer Should Know # react # javascript # frontend # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read React Coding Challenge : Virtualize List - Restrict DOM element ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 ZeeshanAli-0704 Follow Dec 23 '25 React Coding Challenge : Virtualize List - Restrict DOM element # webdev # interview # react Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I built an Automated Portfolio Manager using Python and React tags: Market Insights Center Market Insights Center Market Insights Center Follow Dec 22 '25 How I built an Automated Portfolio Manager using Python and React tags: # python # antigravity # react # algorithms Comments Add Comment 3 min read Build an E-Signature with React, TailwindCSS, and Django Python Faisal Malik Faisal Malik Faisal Malik Follow Jan 5 Build an E-Signature with React, TailwindCSS, and Django Python # python # react # django # tailwindcss Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Got Tired of Rebuilding Admin Dashboards, So I Made One Installable Norbert Madojemu Norbert Madojemu Norbert Madojemu Follow Dec 25 '25 I Got Tired of Rebuilding Admin Dashboards, So I Made One Installable # react # npm # architecture # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Are Props in React? A Beginner-Friendly Guide Ahmad Mahboob Ahmad Mahboob Ahmad Mahboob Follow Dec 23 '25 What Are Props in React? A Beginner-Friendly Guide # webdev # react # beginners # javascript Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Stopped Using useEffect for Data Fetching in React Ferry Ananda Febian Ferry Ananda Febian Ferry Ananda Febian Follow Dec 23 '25 I Stopped Using useEffect for Data Fetching in React # javascript # react # webdev # programming Comments 1 comment 2 min read From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey Anju Karanji Anju Karanji Anju Karanji Follow Jan 8 From CDN to Pixel: A React App's Journey # react # programming # webdev # performance 12 reactions Comments 10 comments 5 min read Passing Children as Props in React (Beginner Friendly Guide) Ahmad Mahboob Ahmad Mahboob Ahmad Mahboob Follow Dec 27 '25 Passing Children as Props in React (Beginner Friendly Guide) # beginners # react # javascript # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read New Free React Challenge: Countdown ⏱️ Duffman Duffman Duffman Follow Dec 22 '25 New Free React Challenge: Countdown ⏱️ # react # javascript # frontend # frontendchallenge Comments Add Comment 1 min read Sketch‑Programming (LLM Transpiler) — what is it? Dmitry Olkhovoi Dmitry Olkhovoi Dmitry Olkhovoi Follow Dec 26 '25 Sketch‑Programming (LLM Transpiler) — what is it? # ai # javascript # llm # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read De la théorie à la pratique : Comment j'ai construit mon portfolio full-stack en React Ghassen Dridi Ghassen Dridi Ghassen Dridi Follow Dec 23 '25 De la théorie à la pratique : Comment j'ai construit mon portfolio full-stack en React # showdev # serverless # javascript # react Comments Add Comment 1 min read Conditional Rendering in React: A Practical Guide for Beginners Ahmad Mahboob Ahmad Mahboob Ahmad Mahboob Follow Dec 22 '25 Conditional Rendering in React: A Practical Guide for Beginners # react # webdev # beginners # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why static diagrams fail: simulating an e-commerce checkout flow in Robust Design Joshua Joshua Joshua Follow Dec 23 '25 Why static diagrams fail: simulating an e-commerce checkout flow in Robust Design # systemdesign # react # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a One-Command React + Vite + Tailwind v4 Starter Fuad Sano Fuad Sano Fuad Sano Follow Jan 4 I Built a One-Command React + Vite + Tailwind v4 Starter # productivity # react # tailwindcss # tooling 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read 💎 Conhecem o useImmer ? Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Follow Dec 27 '25 💎 Conhecem o useImmer ? # useimmer # react 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Build a Lightweight Testimonials Slider in React (Beginner Friendly) prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 22 '25 Build a Lightweight Testimonials Slider in React (Beginner Friendly) # react # performance # tutorial # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building an Offline-First POS SaaS Entirely with AI Including Desktop, Mobile Apps, and Landing Page Adan Ali Adan Ali Adan Ali Follow Dec 22 '25 Building an Offline-First POS SaaS Entirely with AI Including Desktop, Mobile Apps, and Landing Page # ai # react # electron # sass 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read BookHive: Building a Community-Driven Book Sharing Platform with React & Node.js Abhijeet Bhale Abhijeet Bhale Abhijeet Bhale Follow Dec 21 '25 BookHive: Building a Community-Driven Book Sharing Platform with React & Node.js # ai # webdev # programming # react Comments Add Comment 2 min read ScholarBridge Soumil Mukhopadhyay Soumil Mukhopadhyay Soumil Mukhopadhyay Follow Dec 21 '25 ScholarBridge # postgres # react # node # express 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Use map() in React (With Simple Examples) Ahmad Mahboob Ahmad Mahboob Ahmad Mahboob Follow Dec 21 '25 How to Use map() in React (With Simple Examples) # webdev # programming # javascript # react Comments Add Comment 4 min read How Long Does It Take to Build a Design System Button? Before/After Comparison hanui-io hanui-io hanui-io Follow Dec 22 '25 How Long Does It Take to Build a Design System Button? Before/After Comparison # react # designsystem # productivity # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read The best pattern for Tanstack Query in a Big App Ignacio Martin Vazquez Ignacio Martin Vazquez Ignacio Martin Vazquez Follow Jan 3 The best pattern for Tanstack Query in a Big App # react # typescript # api # tanstack Comments Add Comment 3 min read What I Learned Building My First Live Web Project Md Akash Mia Md Akash Mia Md Akash Mia Follow Dec 21 '25 What I Learned Building My First Live Web Project # javascript # react # webdev # portfolio Comments Add Comment 1 min read MV-VI Pattern: Domain-Centric Design for Frontend Applications psy082 psy082 psy082 Follow Dec 20 '25 MV-VI Pattern: Domain-Centric Design for Frontend Applications # react # architecture Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/thekarlesi | Esimit Karlgusta - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Esimit Karlgusta Full Stack Developer Location Earth, for now :) Joined Joined on Mar 31, 2020 Email address karlgustaesimit@gmail.com Personal website https://sassypack.collabtower.com/ github website twitter website Education BSc. IT Work Full Stack Developer Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @thekarlesi Skills/Languages React • Next.js • Tailwind CSS • Node.js • Express • PHP • MongoDB • MySQL • Firebase • MongoDB • Vercel • AWS • GitHub Actions • Netlify Currently learning Kubernetes in production | System Design (Beginner → Advanced) |MongoDB Internals & Performance | CI/CD with GitHub Actions and Helm Currently hacking on decorai.collabtower.com Available for Full-Stack, Blockchain Engineer, AI/ML Developer, Writer, and Open Source Contributor roles Post 36 posts published Comment 17 comments written Tag 14 tags followed How to Handle Stripe and Paystack Webhooks in Next.js (The App Router Way) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Jan 13 How to Handle Stripe and Paystack Webhooks in Next.js (The App Router Way) # api # nextjs # security # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Want to connect with Esimit Karlgusta? Create an account to connect with Esimit Karlgusta. 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Sign in Secure Authentication in Next.js: Building a Production-Ready Login System Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Jan 4 Secure Authentication in Next.js: Building a Production-Ready Login System # webdev # programming # nextjs # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read The SaaS Billing Nightmare: Why Integration Is More Than Just a 'Pay' Button Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Jan 4 The SaaS Billing Nightmare: Why Integration Is More Than Just a 'Pay' Button # architecture # backend # saas 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Stop Coding Login Screens: A Senior Developer’s Guide to Building SaaS That Actually Ships Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Jan 4 Stop Coding Login Screens: A Senior Developer’s Guide to Building SaaS That Actually Ships # webdev # programming # beginners # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Zero to SaaS vs ShipFast, Which One Actually Helps You Build a Real SaaS? Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Dec 5 '25 Zero to SaaS vs ShipFast, Which One Actually Helps You Build a Real SaaS? # nextjs # beginners # webdev # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Developer’s Paradox: Why You Need a Next.js SaaS Starter Kit to Stop Coding and Start Selling Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Nov 20 '25 The Developer’s Paradox: Why You Need a Next.js SaaS Starter Kit to Stop Coding and Start Selling # nextjs # saas # webdev # mern 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Why Most Developers Never Finish Their SaaS (And How to Fix It) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Nov 5 '25 Why Most Developers Never Finish Their SaaS (And How to Fix It) # saas # webdev # nextjs # mern 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Choose the Right Tech Stack for Your SaaS (Without Overthinking It) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Nov 5 '25 How to Choose the Right Tech Stack for Your SaaS (Without Overthinking It) # saas # startup # nextjs # webdev 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Best SaaS Starter Kits for 2025: Skip Setup, Start Shipping Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Nov 5 '25 Best SaaS Starter Kits for 2025: Skip Setup, Start Shipping # saas # startup # nextjs # productivity 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Build Your First Landing Page with Next.js + Tailwind (No Design Skills Needed) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Nov 3 '25 Build Your First Landing Page with Next.js + Tailwind (No Design Skills Needed) # nextjs # webdev # beginners # saas 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I’d Learn Web Dev from Scratch in 2025 (Without Wasting Time) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Nov 3 '25 How I’d Learn Web Dev from Scratch in 2025 (Without Wasting Time) # webdev # beginners # nextjs # saas 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read What a Load Balancer Really Does (and Why It Matters) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Oct 10 '25 What a Load Balancer Really Does (and Why It Matters) # webdev # programming # beginners # architecture 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How the Web Works: Domains Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Oct 6 '25 How the Web Works: Domains # webdev # programming # beginners # web3 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read What Hetzner Is (and Why Developers Love It) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Oct 5 '25 What Hetzner Is (and Why Developers Love It) # cloud # webdev # programming # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read How the Web Works (HTTP, DNS, Domains, Hosting) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Oct 3 '25 How the Web Works (HTTP, DNS, Domains, Hosting) # beginners # webdev # programming # web3 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read What AWS Is (and Why It Matters) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Oct 1 '25 What AWS Is (and Why It Matters) # webdev # programming # web3 # beginners 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Shipping Fast, Not Perfect Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Sep 29 '25 Shipping Fast, Not Perfect # webdev # programming # beginners # buildinpublic 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read What is Next.js? Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Sep 28 '25 What is Next.js? # webdev # programming # nextjs # beginners 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read If You’re New to Web3, Start Here Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Sep 26 '25 If You’re New to Web3, Start Here # web3 # webdev # programming # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why Firebase Feels Like Magic for Developers Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Sep 3 '25 Why Firebase Feels Like Magic for Developers # webdev # firebase # programming # beginners 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Key Git Concepts Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Sep 1 '25 Key Git Concepts # git # beginners # webdev # web3 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read What is Git? Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Aug 31 '25 What is Git? # webdev # programming # git # github 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI Leaderboards Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Aug 24 '25 AI Leaderboards # ai # webdev # programming # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read React Components Explained: A Beginner’s Guide Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Aug 18 '25 React Components Explained: A Beginner’s Guide # react # webdev # beginners # web3 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Dive into a real-world disaster scenario and see how Kubernetes saves the day Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Apr 27 '25 Dive into a real-world disaster scenario and see how Kubernetes saves the day # kubernetes # docker # devops # programming 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read What is the Docker Workflow Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Oct 16 '24 What is the Docker Workflow 6 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read Why use Docker Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Oct 16 '24 Why use Docker 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read What is Docker(Explain like I am 6) Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Oct 14 '24 What is Docker(Explain like I am 6) 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Streamline Test Writing with QodoAI Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Oct 2 '24 Streamline Test Writing with QodoAI # ai # testing # webdev # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Fundamentals of Blockchain Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Sep 27 '24 Fundamentals of Blockchain # blockchain 7 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Why Use Codeium over GitHub Copilot Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Sep 9 '24 Why Use Codeium over GitHub Copilot # ai # webdev 28 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read What is Codeium and How does it work? Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Aug 30 '24 What is Codeium and How does it work? 18 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Creating a Bakery Website using CursorAI in 3 minutes Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Aug 27 '24 Creating a Bakery Website using CursorAI in 3 minutes 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read What is Novu and How Does It Work Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Aug 12 '24 What is Novu and How Does It Work # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 33 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read How Codium PR Agent Works on GitHub Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Esimit Karlgusta Follow Aug 10 '24 How Codium PR Agent Works on GitHub # webdev # beginners # programming # ai 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/hereisnaman/logical-or-vs-nullish-coalescing-operator-in-javascript-3851#nullish-coalescing-operator- | JavaScript ||: Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Naman Kumar Posted on Apr 22, 2020 JavaScript || Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript # node # javascript # opensourc With the latest release of version 14, the Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) is now supported in NodeJS. In this post let us see what is the use case of this operator and how is it different from the logical OR. Logical Or (||) const paginate = ( options = {}) => { return [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. splice ( 0 , options . limit || 3 ); } paginate ( 1 ); // expected: [1], output: [1] paginate (); // expected: [1, 2, 3], output: [1, 2, 3] paginate ( 0 ); // expected: [], output: [1, 2, 3] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode How the logical or operator functions is, it returns the right hand value if the left hand value coerce to false. And that not only includes undefined and null but also 0 and '' . In many of our use cases, like the one above this causes unexpected results and we end up using the typeof operator. Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) This solves the problem for us. This operators returns the right hand value only if the left hand value is either null or undefined . const paginate = ( options = {}) => { return [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. splice ( 0 , options . limit ?? 3 ); } paginate ( 1 ); // expected: [1], output: [1] paginate (); // expected: [1, 2, 3], output: [1, 2, 3] paginate ( 0 ); // expected: [], output: [] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Share your quick JavaScript bites in comments. Top comments (4) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand hrdyjan1 hrdyjan1 hrdyjan1 Follow Vegetarian with long feet, who is in love with Marie and React. TL; DR Marie = Girlfriend React = JavaScript Library Location The Czech Republic Education Czech Technical University Work Bachelor at Prague, Front End developer Joined Sep 4, 2019 • Jan 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There should be probably "limit" only, no "options/options.limit". Like comment: Like comment: 9 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Patrick Alcisto Patrick Alcisto Patrick Alcisto Follow Author of CSS, hacker of JS, rider of Mountain Bikes (downhill type preferably), "father" of two dogs Location Charlotte, NC Work Software Engineer Joined May 2, 2019 • Feb 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice article but, @ hrdyjan1 is right, your example implies it expects an object with a possible limit property, yet you never pass the limit as part of an object in the three invocations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand TonyDev 👾 TonyDev 👾 TonyDev 👾 Follow Location Spain Work One of MAANG Joined Nov 17, 2019 • Jun 30 '24 • Edited on Jun 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide options.limit is always undefined All cases return [1, 2, 3] Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aniruddha Das Aniruddha Das Aniruddha Das Follow Joined Apr 8, 2023 • Apr 21 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, clears the basic concept. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Naman Kumar Follow Engineering @ProductHunt Location New Delhi, India Work Software Engineer at Product Hunt Joined Sep 7, 2019 More from Naman Kumar A minimal authorization policy builder for NodeJs # npm # node # javascript # authorization 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/devteam/how-to-write-a-high-quality-post-on-dev-3me0 | How to write a high quality post on DEV - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ella (she/her/elle) for The DEV Team Posted on Aug 20, 2021 How to write a high quality post on DEV # writing # howtodevto Photo by Daniel Thomas Writing your first post on DEV can be as unfussy as clicking on the Create Post button at the top of the screen (which takes you to https://dev.to/new ) and jotting down some thoughts before hitting the juicy Publish button at the bottom of the screen. That will get you started and on your way to publishing regularly, which is the key to creating connections with readers who engage with your work. If you want to build your readership and engagement further, here are a few more tips and tricks to posting on DEV that you might want to know about: How the editor works This heading is a little misleading, because there are 2 editors to choose from right now. They're both markdown-based, but look and function a little different from each other: There's Rich + Markdown And Basic You can switch between these in your User Settings under Customization (where you can also try out the different colour schemes featured in those screenshots - but I digress...), just bear in mind that posts previously published in one editor will continue to use that editor for any edits in the future. While the Basic editor carries the post's meta-data in its header, the Rich version tucks it in around the edges. So, if you want a cover image in the Basic editor, you'll have to link to it in the header. Similarly, if you want to create a series or link to a canonical URL you'll need to add those in yourself. We recommend reviewing Habdul 's excellent, comprehensive guide to posting on DEV . Habdul builds on the Editor Guide in enough detail that you'll be a competent markdown writer and editor by the end of the post. How to tag (and why you should) Did you know that top posts under certain tags are eligible for badges each week? Additionally, having your post tagged correctly helps your audience find you, and avoids getting your post reported for suspicious behaviour. Be sure to check out the tag descriptions for any tags you're planning to use and be sure you're following any posting guidelines. See #mentalhealth or #opensource for examples of tags that have descriptions and guidelines. Considering accessibility For clarity on what we mean when we talk about accessibility (or a11y for keyboard-short), Eevis 's post on a11y is a good starting point for some general concepts , such as inclusive language. If you'd like to know a little more about why a11y is important, Up Your A11y has a great intro that we'd recommend you check out. For the endlessly-curious, Ben explains a bit more about why some ways of sharing code in your post are more accessible than others , while Alfie shares some best practices that might help with writing more accessible posts , and Nero starts an important conversation about how accessible emojis are . Let's talk about images A picture speaks a thousand words, or something, right? Well, that depends on your alt text... Not only do pictures help break up the wall-of-text effect of an in-depth tutorial, but they can also help influence the energy of your post and impact on your audience. Just remember to include alt text, so that anyone unable to view the image still knows what it is. For example, the alt text for this image is An audience in an atmospheric auditorium : Photo by Luis Quintero While a fix is on the way, cover images currently don't have alt text, so while they're handy for positioning your post at or near the top of the feed, don't rely on the cover image itself to convey any information that's important to the message of your post. That means, even if you have a pretty graphic title for a cover image you still need to write that title out in full. Speaking of titles We at DEV always recommend taking some extra time to choose a title that sets your post apart from the rest. There are only so many "The best 10 JavaScript tools" posts any dev has time for, so what about "How this one JS tool changed my workflow and freed up time to grow a herb garden"? The key here is to actually deliver on your title, rather than use it as click-bait to draw in views. Photos of your herb garden (with appropriate alt text) help: And finally We are here to learn from each other. If you have any other hints, tips, or best practices for post authors please feel free to share them below! We'd love to learn about the things you've discovered here on DEV and how you connect with your readers. Remember that all posts should abide by the Terms of Use and Code of Conduct . This includes inclusive language, original work that you have the right to share (with credit to anyone else whose original work you're citing or referencing), and not posting for the purpose of producing backlinks or driving traffic to an external site. Top comments (16) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Jean-Michel 🕵🏻♂️ Fayard Follow One of the most salient features of our Tech Hiring culture is that there is so much bullshit. Everyone knows this. Each of us contributes his share. But we tend to take the situation for granted. Email jmfayard@gmail.com Location Berlin, Germany Education ENSIMAG + Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Pronouns he / him Work Kotlin, Backend, Open Source maintainer, Technical Writing Joined Apr 19, 2017 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, I learned some things with your article, especially around accessbility. I have written my own tips here 20+ Lessons I've Learned Writing on DEV for 4 Years Jean-Michel (agent double) ・ Jun 29 '21 #writing #beginners #career #meta Like comment: Like comment: 8 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Follow A work in progress... trying to enrich others' lives and build the world we want to live in 🌱 Location Côtes-d'Armor, France Education University of Strathclyde + University of Essex Pronouns she/her Work Developer Community Manager Joined Dec 30, 2020 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Oh, wow! Really, @jmfayard ? Thank you! That means a lot, because you have an impressive portfolio of great posts. I've enjoyed reading your contributions in the past, and always look forward to a new one! Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev GrahamTheDev Follow Accessibility Specialist. I focus on ensuring content created, events held and company assets are as accessible as possible, for as many people as possible. Location United Kingdown Work Head of Accessibility - SFG20 Joined Jan 2, 2021 • Aug 20 '21 • Edited on Aug 20 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Sorry but I just had to (your post inspired me!) 😜🤣 Article No Longer Available Oh and this screenshot makes me smile Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Follow A work in progress... trying to enrich others' lives and build the world we want to live in 🌱 Location Côtes-d'Armor, France Education University of Strathclyde + University of Essex Pronouns she/her Work Developer Community Manager Joined Dec 30, 2020 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I would not have expected anything less from you! Thanks for expanding on this post with a more in-depth technical guide. Let's hope this trend positively influences content on DEV for the better (and doesn't just spawn a bunch of copycat-titled listicles smh)... Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Follow A work in progress... trying to enrich others' lives and build the world we want to live in 🌱 Location Côtes-d'Armor, France Education University of Strathclyde + University of Essex Pronouns she/her Work Developer Community Manager Joined Dec 30, 2020 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You're welcome, @sidthedev! Hope it comes in handy for you in the future, and please feel free to use a version of this on your own Forem (with attribution to all the original contributors of the material, of course!) Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand 🅖🅡🅔🅖🅞🅡🅨 🅞🅡🅣🅞🅝 🅖🅡🅔🅖🅞🅡🅨 🅞🅡🅣🅞🅝 🅖🅡🅔🅖🅞🅡🅨 🅞🅡🅣🅞🅝 Follow I'm a full-stack Software Engineer and Architect. I specialise in front-end niceness, but my daily tasks are mostly about making server less work well and scale within our suit of micro services! Location Shanghai, China Education Computer Science Joined Dec 30, 2019 • Sep 22 '21 • Edited on Sep 22 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Before writing an article, STOP. Think aobut why you're writing. Is it to inform? What are you adding to the body of knowledge on dev.to? Are you writing an opinion piece? Are you writing to help guide someone through some difficulty you had? Are you writing to make someone aware of an approach to a problem that you thought was novel, unique, performant or just interesting? Do you need help with a problem? If the answer to any of these is yes, it's probably a good idea to get writing -- people might be interested in reading what you've got to say! If you're writing to just promote yourself via click-bait - whethere it's just to be 'visibile', or promote your library... consider why. This isn't a marketing channel, whether you like it or not. And every single content marketing fluff piece you put on here degrades the quality and experience for everyone else. And it take dev.to one step closer to be like Medium, and not like its own, joyful place to talk about software development and engineering. Just my two cents :P Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gabriel Guzman Gabriel Guzman Gabriel Guzman Follow I'm a developer turned manager, father of 2, farmer and open source zealot. Location Dunham, Quebec Education University of San Diego Pronouns he/him Work Software Development Manager at Ubisoft Joined Mar 15, 2017 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @adriansamuel Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lee Lee Lee Follow GSD with Do1Thing Location London Work GSD with Do1Thing Joined May 27, 2017 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice post, some great tips here 😎 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Follow A work in progress... trying to enrich others' lives and build the world we want to live in 🌱 Location Côtes-d'Armor, France Education University of Strathclyde + University of Essex Pronouns she/her Work Developer Community Manager Joined Dec 30, 2020 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks @leewynne ! Feel free to use any of this post for your own Forems (along with attribution to the original sources ofc)! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Suzanne Aitchison Suzanne Aitchison Suzanne Aitchison Follow Software developer based in Edinburgh, working on Forem - the code that powers DEV 🌱 Location Edinburgh, Scotland Work Software Engineer (frontend) at Forem Joined Jul 17, 2019 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great write-up! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Follow A work in progress... trying to enrich others' lives and build the world we want to live in 🌱 Location Côtes-d'Armor, France Education University of Strathclyde + University of Essex Pronouns she/her Work Developer Community Manager Joined Dec 30, 2020 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you! I can't really claim any of it is particularly original, but I hope I did justice to accessibility here, albeit briefly. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mwenda Harun Mbaabu Mwenda Harun Mbaabu Mwenda Harun Mbaabu Follow A Data Engineer and technical with over 5 years of experience. Let discuss your next project: mbaabuharun8@gmail.com Email mbaabuharun8@gmail.com Location Kenya Education Bsc( Mathematics and Computer Science) Pronouns he/him Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Worthy reading, thank you for writing this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Ella (she/her/elle) Follow A work in progress... trying to enrich others' lives and build the world we want to live in 🌱 Location Côtes-d'Armor, France Education University of Strathclyde + University of Essex Pronouns she/her Work Developer Community Manager Joined Dec 30, 2020 • Aug 20 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide And thank you for reading it! Where would any of us be without readers? Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shaiju T Shaiju T Shaiju T Follow I am a Full stack .NET Developer, I like to work with C#, .Net Core, SQL, Mongo DB, Azure, JavaScript , Angular... Always eager to learn new technologies. I am here to share, ask & eventually learn. Location India Education MSC SE Work Software Engineer Joined Dec 23, 2019 • Sep 16 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I want to see options like buttons to make bold, add code, heading etc like stackoverflow.com have. Its top feature. And its hard for a beginner to know about markdown etc. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand João M.C. Teixeira João M.C. Teixeira João M.C. Teixeira Follow (he / him) Writing and discussing Software Architecture in Python and general Pythonic concepts, but not the python basics. Location Salamanca Education Ph.D. Pronouns he / him Work Structural Biochemist - Software Developer Joined May 8, 2020 • Aug 21 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi @ellativity , is there a way to change the colors of code syntax highlight? I find the default very darky. Thanks, it is great to be part of the DEV's community. 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https://dev.to/cypress/automating-qa-a-manual-testers-journey-33nb | Automating QA: A Manual Tester's Journey - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paul Astorga for Cypress Posted on Mar 18, 2025 Automating QA: A Manual Tester's Journey # testing # cypress # qa # automationqa Since I began my journey as a Quality Assurance Engineer in manual testing, I've always admired those in the automation field from a distance. Watching them automate the test cases I executed manually sparked my interest, yet I hesitated to explore that path due to my fear of coding. I often questioned my capabilities, feeling that I lacked the "developer mindset" necessary to succeed in this area. One of my primary concerns was how I would manage coding after a significant time had passed since I graduated from college. I worried that I might have already forgotten much of what I had learned. While the prospect of automating test cases excited me, it was equally daunting. Consequently, I remained focused on manual testing for some time. However, I eventually decided to take a risk and embark on learning automation. I discovered several online courses, but many of them lacked structure, leaving me uncertain about how to begin or how to effectively practice. For individuals like me, consistent practice is crucial; without it, we tend to forget what we've learned. Years later, I transitioned into a new role where I had the privilege of working alongside exceptional technical colleagues who inspired me to reignite and enhance my automation skills. They emphasized that the QA landscape is constantly evolving, and it is essential for us to evolve alongside it. As a result of their encouragement, I made the shift from manual QA to automation. Eventually, I advanced to the position of Senior Automation Engineer. You may be wondering how I achieved this transformation. In this discussion, I will share my journey and offer valuable tips that may aid you in advancing your own career. Communicate Your Goals: Discuss your aspirations with your manager and company leadership. Seek guidance and support in developing a career plan focused on automation skills development. Network and Collaborate: Engage with the automation team, expressing your interest in learning. Shadow team members to gain practical understanding of their work. Structured Learning: Develop a phased learning plan, focusing on foundational concepts initially. Avoid overwhelming yourself by attempting to learn everything at once. I'm my learning process I used different platforms as TestAutomationU and the Cypress documentation. These platforms provide a guide on how to start from zero. Cypress class Cypress documentation Master Debugging: Embrace debugging as a crucial learning tool. Thoroughly analyze test cases and framework flows to gain a comprehensive understanding. If you are using javascript the debugger command will help you to go step by step while you are executing your code. Begin with Maintenance: Start by maintaining existing automated test cases. This familiarizes you with the framework structure and builds confidence. There are always changes in the DOM that breaks the test cases, caused by changes in the selector or elements that were removed. These fixes are perfect candidates to start with. Progress to Development: Once comfortable with the framework, create simple automated test cases. Consult with the automation team to select appropriate test cases based on your skill level. This step might present challenges, such as complex coding or unfamiliarity with the framework. Don't hesitate to seek assistance from the Cypress community or your colleagues. Cypress community Maintain Focus and Perseverance: Automation skill development requires time and patience. Stay focused on your long-term goals to achieve success. My transition from manual QA to automation provided valuable insights, which I've summarized previously. This advice ranges in complexity, highlighting the importance of seeking guidance and maintaining patience throughout your learning journey. Remember that consistent effort and a proactive approach are key to successful skill development. The QA landscape is evolving rapidly. The purely manual QA role is becoming less common; companies increasingly require well-rounded QA professionals with expertise across manual testing, automation, performance testing, and API testing. Developing these skills is crucial for career advancement, ideally toward a Software Development Engineer in Test (SDET) role. This broader skill set not only enhances your value to your current employer but also opens doors to a wider range of opportunities within the software industry. Proactively seeking out projects and opportunities to expand your skill set will demonstrate initiative and commitment to professional growth. Don't hesitate to ask questions and seek mentorship from experienced colleagues – their insights and guidance can accelerate your progress significantly. Furthermore, the Cypress testing framework, with its extensive documentation, practical examples, and supportive community, can significantly accelerate your learning process. Effective utilization is strongly recommended. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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More from Cypress Triggering Cypress End-to-End Tests Manually on Different Browsers with GitHub Actions # testing # cicd # github # tutorial How to validate tables, rows or any content of an Excel file using Cypress # node # javascript # testing # automation How to get most out of cy.prompt() - 6 tips and tricks for your new AI tool! # ai # testing # javascript # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/opensourc | Opensourc - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # opensourc Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu From C# to Rust: Porting MathFlow to Create MathCore - A Symbolic Math Library Journey Berkant Berkant Berkant Follow Aug 30 '25 From C# to Rust: Porting MathFlow to Create MathCore - A Symbolic Math Library Journey # rust # csharp # mathematics # opensourc Comments Add Comment 3 min read Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript Naman Kumar Naman Kumar Naman Kumar Follow Apr 22 '20 Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript # node # javascript # opensourc 54 reactions Comments 4 comments 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/ar_abid_641aa302d5c68b2ae/how-to-build-seo-friendly-ecommerce-product-pages-1h0e#comments | How to Build SEO-Friendly Ecommerce Product Pages - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse ar abid Posted on Jan 12 How to Build SEO-Friendly Ecommerce Product Pages # frontend # webdev # performance # tutorial Structured Data, Performance & Indexing (Developer Guide) Ecommerce product pages are some of the hardest pages to rank in search engines. They’re dynamic, often slow, full of duplicate content, and usually built without SEO in mind. Most SEO guides talk about keywords and content, but very few explain how developers should structure product pages at the code level. This article focuses on the technical side of SEO for ecommerce product pages, the part developers control. Why Product Page SEO Is a Technical Problem From a developer’s perspective, product pages suffer from: Client-side rendering delays Poor Core Web Vitals Missing or broken structured data Indexing issues caused by filters and variants Duplicate URLs from sorting and parameters Search engines don’t “see” pages the way users do — they parse HTML, metadata, and structured signals. Let’s fix that. * 1. Use Server-Side Rendering (or Pre-Rendering) * Search engines can render JavaScript, but it’s slow and unreliable for ecommerce scale. Best options: _- Next.js / Nuxt SSR Static Generation (SSG) for product pages Hybrid rendering (ISR)_ Why SSR matters: Faster first contentful paint Reliable indexing Cleaner HTML for crawlers Example (Next.js): export async function getServerSideProps({ params }) { const product = await fetchProduct(params.slug); return { props: { product } }; } 2. Implement Product Structured Data (JSON-LD) This is one of the most underused SEO wins in ecommerce. Structured data helps Google understand: Product name Price Availability Reviews Brand Example: Product Schema (JSON-LD) <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "Product", "name": "Organic Hair Oil", "image": "https://example.com/product.jpg", "description": "Cold-pressed organic hair oil for dry hair", "brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": "Shopperdot" }, "offers": { "@type": "Offer", "priceCurrency": "USD", "price": "19.99", "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock" } } </script> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Developer tips: Inject schema server-side Validate using Google Rich Results Test Update price & availability dynamically 3. Optimize Core Web Vitals (Especially LCP) For ecommerce, Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) is usually: Product image Hero banner Fixes that actually work: Serve images via CDN Use modern formats (WebP / AVIF) Explicit image dimensions Lazy-load non-critical assets Example: <img src="/product.webp" width="600" height="600" loading="eager" fetchpriority="high" /> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Control Duplicate URLs from Variants & Filters This is a silent SEO killer. Common issues: /product?color=red /product?size=xl /product?sort=price Solutions: Canonical URLs Parameter handling Static URLs for important variants only Example: <link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/product/original-name" /> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 5. Generate Clean, Descriptive Meta Tags Dynamically Avoid: Default titles Keyword stuffing Repeating category names Better pattern: <title>{product.name} – Buy Online at Best Price</title> <meta name="description" content={`Buy ${product.name}. Fast shipping, secure checkout, and quality guarantee.`} /> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 6. Indexing Strategy for Large Ecommerce Sites If you have hundreds or thousands of products: Do this: Submit product-only sitemaps Remove noindex from important pages Block internal search pages via robots.txt Sitemap structure: <url> <loc>https://example.com/product/organic-hair-oil</loc> <lastmod>2026-01-01</lastmod> </url> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 7. Real-World Ecommerce Implementation On real ecommerce platforms like Shopperdot , combining: SSR rendering Product JSON-LD Optimized images Clean canonical URLs resulted in: Faster indexing Rich results eligibility Improved crawl efficiency This approach works regardless of tech stack , React, Vue, or plain server-rendered apps. Final Thoughts SEO for ecommerce product pages isn’t about hacks — it’s about clean architecture and clear signals. If you’re a developer working on ecommerce: Think like a crawler Serve meaningful HTML Optimize performance first Let structured data do the heavy lifting Search engines reward clarity. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse ar abid Follow Joined Dec 4, 2025 More from ar abid Why Fast Page Loads Don’t Always Mean Fast User Experience # performance # webdev # javascript # serverless [Boost] # performance # webdev # javascript # ecommerce Why Your E-Commerce Site Feels Slow Even When Lighthouse Is Green # performance # webdev # javascript # ecommerce 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/marioduvalsolutions | Mario Duval Solutions - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Mario Duval Solutions 404 bio not found Location La Tuque, Canada Joined Joined on Dec 25, 2025 More info about @marioduvalsolutions Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Artificial Intelligence in Freelance Software Development A Technical and Structural Analysis Beyond Productivity Narratives Mario Duval Solutions Mario Duval Solutions Mario Duval Solutions Follow Jan 8 Artificial Intelligence in Freelance Software Development A Technical and Structural Analysis Beyond Productivity Narratives # ai # career # productivity # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 28 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/t/sparql | Sparql - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # sparql Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Stay Classy in OWL Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Nov 14 '22 Stay Classy in OWL # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read Classification Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Sep 28 '22 Classification # rdf # owl # sparql # rules Comments Add Comment 10 min read What Can't I do, as a Rule? Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 22 '22 What Can't I do, as a Rule? # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 4 reactions Comments 4 comments 13 min read Customize sparql ✨ client middleware with tesla ⚡️ juffel juffel juffel Follow May 1 '22 Customize sparql ✨ client middleware with tesla ⚡️ # elixir # tesla # wikidata # sparql 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Location Data for Cities and Towns Min Min Min Follow Feb 19 '20 Location Data for Cities and Towns # opendata # sql # sparql # wikidata 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Extract Knowledge from Wikipedia, Data Science Style Michael Li Michael Li Michael Li Follow Feb 9 '20 How to Extract Knowledge from Wikipedia, Data Science Style # sparql # sql # wikidata # ontology 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read SPARQL - An Absolute Beginner's Guide Terence Eden Terence Eden Terence Eden Follow Oct 29 '19 SPARQL - An Absolute Beginner's Guide # sparql # wikidata # database 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Current state of Semantic Web Evaldas Buinauskas Evaldas Buinauskas Evaldas Buinauskas Follow Dec 4 '17 Current state of Semantic Web # discuss # semanticweb # sparql # rdf 21 reactions Comments 9 comments 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
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https://dev.to/flameofudun | Dr. E - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Dr. E Medical doctor turned software engineer. Building health-tech, real-time, AI-powered tools. Sharing my coding journey, side projects, and open-source work. Location Manchester, GB Joined Joined on Oct 18, 2025 More info about @flameofudun Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 2 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed Flutter ECS: Mastering Async Operations and Complex Workflows Dr. E Dr. E Dr. E Follow Jan 11 Flutter ECS: Mastering Async Operations and Complex Workflows # flutter # dart # programming # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read Want to connect with Dr. E? Create an account to connect with Dr. E. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Flutter ECS: Rethinking State Management for Flutter Apps Dr. E Dr. E Dr. E Follow Oct 18 '25 Flutter ECS: Rethinking State Management for Flutter Apps # flutter # dart # mobile # programming 1 reaction Comments 3 comments 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/medvedevdenis12/claude-cli-context-window-solved-j7g#comments | Claude CLI Context Window Solved - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Denys Meddediev Posted on Jan 8 Claude CLI Context Window Solved # ai # opensource # productivity # programming Hey folks! You know how AI coding assistants forget everything between sessions? You explain your codebase on Monday, and by Tuesday it's suggesting code that already exists. That's the context window problem. Every AI has a limit on what it can hold in memory. Your codebase is bigger than that limit. I built Cortex to fix this. How It Works Cortex indexes your codebase into a local vector database. When your AI needs context, it queries Cortex via MCP and gets the relevant code back. It's smart about what to index - skips node_modules, build artifacts, and other noise. Only syncs on git commit, so your AI only sees verified code. Everything runs locally. PostgreSQL + Ollama. No cloud, no API costs. Quick Start git submodule add https://github.com/Remskill/Cortex.git cortex cd cortex && npm install docker-compose up -d npm run setup 5 minutes to set up. Check the README for MCP config. Links GitHub: github.com/Remskill/Cortex MIT licensed. Free forever. Let me know what you think! - Denys Medvediev Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Denys Meddediev Follow Sosftware developer and architect Location Brasov, Romania Joined Jul 22, 2020 Trending on DEV Community Hot I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss Everyone is a Product engineer now # programming # ai # genai # webdev Build in Public: Week 8. We Finally Deployed This Thing # ai # buildinpublic # development # saas 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/humza_inam/building-mindryx-from-local-aws-emulation-to-production-saas-ai-quiz-generator-38eo | Building Mindryx: From Local AWS Emulation to Production SaaS AI Quiz Generator - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Humza Inam Posted on Oct 20, 2025 Building Mindryx: From Local AWS Emulation to Production SaaS AI Quiz Generator # nextjs # webllm # learning # ai A journey through serverless architecture, AI-powered learning, and the evolution of a full-stack quiz generation platform What is Mindryx? Mindryx is an AI-powered quiz generation platform that transforms how students interact with their study materials. Upload a PDF or enter any topic, and Mindryx generates tailored multiple-choice quizzes to help you learn more effectively. Core Features 📝 Intelligent Quiz Generation Create quizzes from any topic or PDF document. The platform uses advanced OCR (Optical Character Recognition) to extract text from even image-based PDFs, then leverages Google's Gemini Flash 2.0 API to generate contextually relevant questions. 📄 Unlimited PDF Processing Unlike traditional LLM interfaces with restrictive file upload limits, Mindryx preprocesses PDFs using Tesseract.js OCR before sending them to the AI model. This approach bypasses typical file size constraints while taking advantage of Gemini's generous free tier. 📊 Progress Tracking Review past quizzes, monitor your learning progress, and identify areas that need more attention. All quiz history and results are stored securely in a Supabase PostgreSQL database. 🤖 Experimental WebLLM Chat An in-browser AI assistant runs entirely on your local machine, no API costs, no server calls, just pure client-side inference. This experimental feature showcases the future of accessible AI. Tech Stack Frontend: Next.js 15 with App Router, TailwindCSS 4 Backend: Supabase Edge Functions (Deno runtime) Database: Supabase PostgreSQL Authentication: Clerk Auth with server-side API protection AI/ML: Google Gemini Flash 2.0, WebLLM, Tesseract.js OCR Deployment: Vercel Payments: Stripe (sandbox experimentation) The Journey: Solving a Real Problem The spark for Mindryx came from a frustration every student faces: file upload limits . When studying with AI tools like ChatGPT, I constantly hit walls trying to upload lengthy PDFs or image-based documents. I wanted to generate study materials from my lecture notes and textbooks, but the limitations made it impractical. That's the problem Mindryx set out to solve unlimited PDF processing combined with AI-generated quizzes, all while leveraging free-tier APIs. Phase 1: Learning Cloud Architecture with LocalStack When I started this project, I had a clear goal: understand cloud infrastructure without prematurely committing to AWS costs. I wanted to learn Lambda, API Gateway, DynamoDB, and SQS, the building blocks of serverless architecture, but in a safe, local environment. Enter LocalStack: A Docker-based AWS emulator that let me experiment freely. What I Built The testing branch became a fully functional serverless application running entirely on my machine: AWS Lambda functions for quiz generation and data processing DynamoDB for NoSQL data storage SQS queues for asynchronous job processing API Gateway for RESTful endpoints SNS for notification experiments This setup taught me the fundamentals of microservices architecture, event-driven design, queue-based processing, and stateless function execution. More importantly, it taught me Docker , which became crucial for containerized development and understanding modern DevOps practices. Key Takeaways Working with LocalStack gave me hands-on experience with serverless patterns before spending a dollar on cloud services. I learned how to structure Lambda functions, manage environment variables, handle cold starts, and design resilient async workflows. The testing branch remains a valuable learning sandbox for trying new AWS patterns. Phase 2: Migration to Production Infrastructure After proving the concept locally, I faced a decision: continue with AWS or explore alternatives? I chose Supabase and Vercel for production deployment, and this migration taught me an invaluable lesson, understanding multiple architectural approaches . Why Supabase + Vercel? Supabase Edge Functions: Deno-based serverless functions with excellent PostgreSQL integration Built-in PostgreSQL: More familiar than DynamoDB for complex queries and relational data Vercel Deployment: Seamless Next.js deployment with automatic optimizations Developer Experience: Faster iteration cycles and simpler environment management The Migration Challenge Translating my LocalStack architecture to Supabase wasn't just a copy-paste job. I had to: Convert Python Lambda functions to TypeScript/Deno Edge Functions Redesign data models from NoSQL (DynamoDB) to SQL (PostgreSQL) Rethink authentication flow with Clerk's server-side protection Implement proper error handling for production environments This process solidified my understanding of serverless fundamentals that transcend specific platforms , concepts like stateless execution, API design, and async processing apply whether you're using AWS Lambda or Supabase Edge Functions. Authentication & Payment Integration Clerk Auth Implementing authentication from scratch is complex and error-prone. Clerk simplified this dramatically with: Pre-built UI components for sign-up/sign-in Automatic JWT handling Server-side API route protection User management dashboard Integrating Clerk taught me about OAuth flows, session management, and securing API endpoints, all without building everything from scratch. Stripe Experimentation While Mindryx isn't monetized yet, I integrated Stripe's sandbox environment to understand payment flows. Though not fully setup, their developer friendly approach makes it obvious why its a favorite for many SaaS applications. The WebLLM Experiment: AI Without Servers The most fascinating technical feature in Mindryx is WebLLM , an in-browser AI chat that runs entirely on client-side compute. Why This Matters Traditional AI features require: Server infrastructure to host models API calls that cost money per request Network latency for every interaction WebLLM eliminates all of this. The model downloads once, then runs locally using WebGPU. No API costs, no server dependency, instant responses. This technology is still experimental, but it represents a paradigm shift. Imagine AI-powered features in web apps that work offline, respect privacy completely, and cost nothing to operate at scale. I included it in Mindryx to raise awareness and showcase what's possible. Technical Highlights OCR Pipeline The PDF processing pipeline was the most technically challenging component: PDF.js extracts text from text-based PDFs Canvas rendering converts PDF pages to images Tesseract.js performs OCR on images to extract text Preprocessing cleans and structures the extracted content Gemini API generates quiz questions from the processed text This multi-stage approach handles both native PDFs and scanned documents, working around file size limitations while maximizing the free tier. Serverless Edge Functions Supabase Edge Functions run on Deno at the edge, close to users globally. I structured them as: quiz/new - Validates input and queues quiz generation quiz/{quizId} - Retrieves quiz data with caching submit - Processes answers and calculates scores past-quizzes - Aggregates user history with pagination Each function is stateless, meaning they scale automatically and stay fast under load. What This Project Taught Me MVP to Polished Product Mindryx evolved from a rough proof-of-concept to a near-production SaaS application. This journey taught me: Feature prioritization: Focus on core value before adding bells and whistles Iterative refinement: Ship something that works, then improve it User-centric design: Every technical decision should serve the end user Cloud Architecture Fundamentals By working with both LocalStack and Supabase, I developed platform-agnostic knowledge: Serverless function design patterns Async processing with queues Database schema design (both NoSQL and SQL) API security and authentication Error handling and observability Docker & DevOps LocalStack's Docker-based approach gave me practical experience with: Container orchestration Environment isolation Reproducible development setups Docker Compose workflows These skills are transferable to any modern development environment. Current Status & Future Roadmap Mindryx is nearly feature-complete as a SaaS product. The core functionality works reliably, authentication is secure, and the UI is polished. A few finishing touches would make it fully production-ready: Planned Enhancements Lesson Generation: Expand beyond quizzes to flashcards and study notes Enhanced OCR: Better handling of tables, diagrams, and complex layouts Spaced Repetition: Smart scheduling algorithms for optimal retention Collaborative Features: Share quizzes and study together Export Options: Generate PDFs and Anki decks from quizzes Analytics Dashboard: Visualize learning progress and weak areas Try It Yourself Mindryx is live at mindryxify.vercel.app The codebase is open source (MIT License) and available on GitHub. Whether you're interested in serverless architecture, AI integration, or building educational tools, feel free to explore the code and contribute. Acknowledgments This project wouldn't exist without incredible open-source tools: Supabase for backend infrastructure Google AI Studio for accessible Gemini API access Clerk for authentication Tesseract.js for OCR capabilities WebLLM for browser-based AI Next.js team for the excellent framework LocalStack for AWS emulation during development Final Thoughts Building Mindryx was about more than creating a quiz app, it was about understanding modern web development from first principles. By starting with LocalStack's AWS emulation and migrating to Supabase, I gained perspective on different architectural approaches and learned which patterns are universal versus platform-specific. The biggest lesson? Ship something that solves a real problem. I built Mindryx because I needed it as a student. That authentic need guided every technical decision and kept the project focused on delivering value. If you're working on your own project, I encourage you to experiment with different architectures, learn by building, and don't be afraid to migrate when you find a better solution. The journey is just as valuable as the destination. Github: https://github.com/Humza987/Mindryx About This Post This blog post was compiled from project README files documenting both the testing and production branches of Mindryx, combined with my personal reflections and scattered thoughts collected throughout the development journey. The narrative was structured and refined with AI assistance to create a cohesive story of the technical evolution and learning experiences behind the project. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Humza Inam Follow Joined Sep 24, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # arduino Follow Hide Create Post Older #arduino posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Arduino-Based Smart Gate System Prototype for Vehicle Detection and Access Control Salim Ọlánrewájú Oyinlọlá Salim Ọlánrewájú Oyinlọlá Salim Ọlánrewájú Oyinlọlá Follow May 23 '23 Arduino-Based Smart Gate System Prototype for Vehicle Detection and Access Control # githubhack23 # iot # arduino 14 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read MooptOS: Open IoT Platform for Decentralized Urban Farming Kai Chew Kai Chew Kai Chew Follow May 22 '23 MooptOS: Open IoT Platform for Decentralized Urban Farming # showdev # githubhack23 # iot # arduino 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Arduino flip flop #1 nopekun nopekun nopekun Follow Apr 9 '23 Arduino flip flop #1 # arduino Comments Add Comment 1 min read Bluetooth Controlled Robot Aman Chhetri Aman Chhetri Aman Chhetri Follow Mar 2 '23 Bluetooth Controlled Robot # beginners # arduino # programming # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to use Rust on Arduino (Windows Rust) Ryan Kopf, Owner of the Moon Ryan Kopf, Owner of the Moon Ryan Kopf, Owner of the Moon Follow Mar 27 '23 How to use Rust on Arduino (Windows Rust) # rust # arduino # embedded # systems 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read No Alexa, No Google: Custom Hotword Detection Arduino Dilek Karasoy Dilek Karasoy Dilek Karasoy Follow for Picovoice Mar 9 '23 No Alexa, No Google: Custom Hotword Detection Arduino # challenge # 100daysofcode # arduino # ai 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Programming Arduino with Python Sheriff S Sheriff S Sheriff S Follow Mar 5 '23 Programming Arduino with Python # programming # arduino # python # computerscience 13 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to become a more technical Product Manager? Irina Chavlytko Irina Chavlytko Irina Chavlytko Follow Feb 21 '23 How to become a more technical Product Manager? # arduino 26 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Wi-Fi to Li-Fi, sending data via light using Arduino and JavaScript Charlie Gerard Charlie Gerard Charlie Gerard Follow for 4thzoa Feb 13 '23 From Wi-Fi to Li-Fi, sending data via light using Arduino and JavaScript # lifi # arduino # stripe # iot 53 reactions Comments 7 comments 11 min read A Case Study in Developing a Recruitment App: Creating an Applicant Tracking System AscendixTech AscendixTech AscendixTech Follow Mar 2 '23 A Case Study in Developing a Recruitment App: Creating an Applicant Tracking System # wearables # arduino # robotics # selftaught 2 reactions Comments 5 comments 9 min read Capturando dados com Regex Erandir Junior Erandir Junior Erandir Junior Follow Feb 8 '23 Capturando dados com Regex # arduino # programming # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read A Beginner's Guide to Embedded Systems: Understanding the Basics shawnkiplagat69 shawnkiplagat69 shawnkiplagat69 Follow Feb 5 '23 A Beginner's Guide to Embedded Systems: Understanding the Basics # raspberrypi # arduino # linux 11 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read My First Arduino Project - Film Photography Memo Device and Light Meter Alessandro Genova Alessandro Genova Alessandro Genova Follow Jan 20 '23 My First Arduino Project - Film Photography Memo Device and Light Meter # arduino # cpp # photography # diy Comments 1 comment 5 min read MicroPython officially becomes part of the Arduino ecosystem Henk Kok Henk Kok Henk Kok Follow Dec 31 '22 MicroPython officially becomes part of the Arduino ecosystem # micropython # arduino # esp32 # embedded 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read MicroPython: EuroPython 2022, PyScript, Arduino, and more! 🎁 Andy Piper Andy Piper Andy Piper Follow Nov 14 '22 MicroPython: EuroPython 2022, PyScript, Arduino, and more! 🎁 # micropython # python # arduino # webassembly 16 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read DIY: I've built a music box for the 2nd x-mas of my son Maxime Chéramy Maxime Chéramy Maxime Chéramy Follow Nov 27 '22 DIY: I've built a music box for the 2nd x-mas of my son # diy # arduino # cpp # music 9 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read Five simple steps to use any Arduino C++ library in a Rust project 🦀 Konstantin Grechishchev Konstantin Grechishchev Konstantin Grechishchev Follow Nov 13 '22 Five simple steps to use any Arduino C++ library in a Rust project 🦀 # rust # arduino # cpp # tutorial 25 reactions Comments 3 comments 16 min read Demystifying machine learning via Bluetooth with Arduino Charlie Gerard Charlie Gerard Charlie Gerard Follow for 4thzoa Oct 28 '22 Demystifying machine learning via Bluetooth with Arduino # arduino # javascript # bluetooth # tfjs 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read C++ Delay() in Timer: how to use correctly? Nicolatey Nicolatey Nicolatey Follow Oct 26 '22 C++ Delay() in Timer: how to use correctly? # cpp # beginners # programming # arduino 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Gesture-based payments Charlie Gerard Charlie Gerard Charlie Gerard Follow for 4thzoa Oct 10 '22 Gesture-based payments # javascript # stripe # arduino # tensorflow 22 reactions Comments 1 comment 10 min read ECU simulator James Hay James Hay James Hay Follow Oct 2 '22 ECU simulator # arduino # simulator # can # embedded 80 reactions Comments 5 comments 6 min read Relaxing Arduino's work with Ruby Nima Nima Nima Follow Sep 23 '22 Relaxing Arduino's work with Ruby # ruby # arduino Comments Add Comment 1 min read ESP8266 WiFi range extender Arduino Pius Pius Pius Follow Aug 1 '22 ESP8266 WiFi range extender Arduino # arduino # programming # github # esp8266 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read That Arduino Pin Can't Interrupt xtofl xtofl xtofl Follow Aug 16 '22 That Arduino Pin Can't Interrupt # interrupt # staticassert # arduino Comments Add Comment 1 min read Compile-Time Hash in Plain C (Not Only C++) is Now Possible! Athaariq Ardhiansyah Athaariq Ardhiansyah Athaariq Ardhiansyah Follow Aug 9 '22 Compile-Time Hash in Plain C (Not Only C++) is Now Possible! # c # algorithms # hash # arduino 7 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/siddhesh_surve/unlock-infinite-claude-the-open-source-hack-for-bypassing-rate-limits-4no0 | 🔓 Unlock "Infinite" Claude: The Open Source Hack for Bypassing Rate Limits - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Siddhesh Surve Posted on Jan 13 🔓 Unlock "Infinite" Claude: The Open Source Hack for Bypassing Rate Limits # ai # claudecode # opensource # devops Stop hitting the wall. Here is how to make Claude Code invincible. If you have been using Claude Code (Anthropic's new agentic CLI tool), you know the feeling. You are in the "flow state." The agent is refactoring your entire legacy codebase, fixing bugs, and writing tests. It feels like magic. And then, it happens. You have reached your usage limit for the day. The magic stops. You are left staring at a half-finished function, calculating how many hours until your quota resets. But what if I told you that the limit is (mostly) an illusion? A new open-source tool, claude-switcher , just dropped on GitHub, and it’s the "Konami Code" for your AI workflow. 🛑 The Problem: The "Single Provider" Trap By default, when you log into Claude Code, you are usually tied to one billing method—typically your personal Claude Pro account or a direct API key. When that account hits its hard limit (messages per 5 hours) or your API wallet hits its monthly cap, you are dead in the water. But here is the secret: Claude Code supports multiple backends. It can run on: Anthropic API (Direct) AWS Bedrock (Enterprise-grade throughput) Google Vertex AI (Often has separate quotas) Microsoft Azure (Yes, even them) Switching between these manually is a nightmare of environment variables and re-login flows. Until now. ⚡ Enter claude-switcher The repository andisearch/claude-switcher is a collection of shell automation scripts that turns your terminal into a multi-cloud AI command center. It allows you to hot-swap AI providers instantly, effectively giving you "infinite" availability. If Anthropic is rate-limited, you switch to AWS Bedrock. If AWS is down, you switch to Vertex. Why Developers Are Starring This Repo: Zero-Friction Switching: One command ( claude-run --aws ) and you are running on Amazon's infrastructure. No re-auth needed. Session Scoping: It doesn't mess up your global config. The switch only applies to that specific terminal session. Cost Optimization: Run your heavy "architectural planning" tasks on the cheaper provider, and save the high-tier "reasoning" credits for the hard stuff. Unix Philosophy: It uses "Executable Markdown" and pipes. You can literally pipe data into the agent like a true Linux wizard. 🛠️ How to Set It Up (In 3 Minutes) Prerequisites: You need access/keys to the providers you want to use (e.g., an AWS account with Bedrock enabled). 1. Clone the Repo git clone https://github.com/andisearch/claude-switcher.git cd claude-switcher Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Run the Setup This script creates the necessary config files without overwriting your existing setup. ./setup.sh Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 3. Add Your Keys Edit the secrets.sh file to add your API keys for the different providers. nano ~/.claude-switcher/secrets.sh # Add your AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, ANTHROPIC_API_KEY, etc. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Go "Infinite" Now, instead of just running claude , you use the switcher wrappers: # Hit a limit on the main API? # Switch to AWS Bedrock instantly: ./claude-run --aws # Want to use Google's infrastructure? ./claude-run --vertex Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 🧠 The "Executable Markdown" Trick One of the coolest technical details of this repo is how it handles automation. It supports Executable Markdown . You can write a .md file with instructions for Claude, add a "shebang" at the top, and run the file like a script. Example: `refactor.md ` #!/usr/bin/env -S claude-run --aws Please look at src/app.ts. Refactor the authentication logic to use a middleware pattern. Run tests after you are done. Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now, you just run ./refactor.md . The script spins up Claude Code using AWS Bedrock, executes the instructions, and shuts down. It’s Agentic Automation at its finest. 🔮 The Verdict We are moving away from "One Model, One Account." The future of AI development is Model Routing —dynamically choosing the best (or available) backend for the job. claude-switcher is the first tool that makes this practical for the CLI. If you are serious about using Claude Code for real engineering work, this utility is non-negotiable. Don't let a "Rate Limit" screen stop your shipping streak. 👉 Star the Repo on GitHub 🗣️ Discussion Are you using Claude Code in your terminal yet? Or are you sticking to the browser? Let me know in the comments! 👇 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Siddhesh Surve Follow Software Developer & AI Educator. Translating complex tech into simple insights for millions. Vision: Empower. Joined Dec 23, 2025 More from Siddhesh Surve 🚀 Stop drowning in Tabs: Meet Noi, the Open Source Browser Built for AI # ai # opensource # productivity # nocode 🩺 Move Over, Dr. Google: OpenAI Just Dropped "ChatGPT Health" and It’s a Privacy Nightmare (Or a Miracle?) # ai # privacy # healthtech # futurechallenge 💸 Stop Paying the "Claude Tax": MiniMax M2.1 Just Broke the Coding Leaderboard (for 10% of the Cost) # ai # opensource # coding # productivity 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/encodedots | EncodeDots Technolabs - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions EncodeDots Technolabs Encodedots Technolabs is a diversified IT outsourcing company. We help our clients reach their business goals with our IT solutions to add real value to your business. Location Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Joined Joined on Sep 13, 2023 Personal website https://www.encodedots.com/ More info about @encodedots Badges Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Post 31 posts published Comment 2 comments written Tag 35 tags followed React JS Bootstrap Modal: Complete Guide for Beginners EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Jan 5 React JS Bootstrap Modal: Complete Guide for Beginners # webdev # programming # react # reactjsdevelopment Comments Add Comment 9 min read Want to connect with EncodeDots Technolabs? Create an account to connect with EncodeDots Technolabs. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in How Offshore Mobile App Development Reduces Costs Without Compromising Quality? EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Dec 3 '25 How Offshore Mobile App Development Reduces Costs Without Compromising Quality? # offshore # mobileapp # mobile # offshoremobileapp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Shopify Plus vs BigCommerce Enterprise: Which Platform Rules Your Growth? EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Nov 25 '25 Shopify Plus vs BigCommerce Enterprise: Which Platform Rules Your Growth? # shopify # bigcommerce # ecommerce # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building Intelligent Web Apps: A Guide to RAG and Semantic Search with Next.js EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Nov 17 '25 Building Intelligent Web Apps: A Guide to RAG and Semantic Search with Next.js # webdev # ai # programming # nextjs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read How Multimodal & Generative AI Are Transforming AI-ML Development EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Oct 9 '25 How Multimodal & Generative AI Are Transforming AI-ML Development # ai # googlecloud # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 4 min read What's New in Swift and Why Swift 6.2 Released Matters for App Developers? EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Oct 7 '25 What's New in Swift and Why Swift 6.2 Released Matters for App Developers? # ios # swift # programming # mobile 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Cloud Application Development: A Complete Guide EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Sep 19 '25 Cloud Application Development: A Complete Guide # cloud # azure # cloudcomputing # cloudnative 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Ecommerce Website Header in React: Best Practices & Examples EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Sep 9 '25 Ecommerce Website Header in React: Best Practices & Examples # webdev # ecommerce # website # development Comments Add Comment 3 min read Joi Database: A Complete Guide EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Sep 9 '25 Joi Database: A Complete Guide # database # mongodb # mysql # dataengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read Website Redesign Cost in 2025: A Complete Guide for Businesses EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Sep 4 '25 Website Redesign Cost in 2025: A Complete Guide for Businesses # website # web # design # webdesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why is AI So Popular Now? A Deep Dive into the Future of Technology EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Aug 6 '25 Why is AI So Popular Now? A Deep Dive into the Future of Technology # ai # futurechallenge # aidevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Light vs Dark Mode: Which One Truly Enhances User Experience? EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Aug 5 '25 Light vs Dark Mode: Which One Truly Enhances User Experience? Comments Add Comment 4 min read GPT-5 Launches September 2025 Ushering a New AI Era EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Aug 4 '25 GPT-5 Launches September 2025 Ushering a New AI Era Comments Add Comment 2 min read Venmo App Development: Creating the Next Generation of Seamless Payment Apps EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Jul 29 '25 Venmo App Development: Creating the Next Generation of Seamless Payment Apps # cashapp # venmo # venmoapp # paymentapps 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Latest Flutter Updates for Better App Performance in 2025 EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Jun 23 '25 Latest Flutter Updates for Better App Performance in 2025 # flutter # flutterdevelopment # flutterapp # flutterappdevelopers 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Android vs iOS Development: Choosing the Right Path in 2025 EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Jun 23 '25 Android vs iOS Development: Choosing the Right Path in 2025 # android # ios # androiddev # mobileapp Comments Add Comment 3 min read Android vs iOS Development: Choosing the Right Path in 2025 EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow May 29 '25 Android vs iOS Development: Choosing the Right Path in 2025 # android # ios # androiddev # mobileapp Comments Add Comment 3 min read Digital Marketing in Zanzibar: The Game Changer for Businesses! EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Apr 2 '25 Digital Marketing in Zanzibar: The Game Changer for Businesses! # digitalmarketing # seo # searchengineoptimization # digitalmarketinginzanzibar 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Website Maintenance: A Complete Guide EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Mar 19 '25 Website Maintenance: A Complete Guide # website # webdev # websitemaintenance # webdevelopement 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Golang Multiline Strings: A Comprehensive Guide EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Mar 11 '25 Golang Multiline Strings: A Comprehensive Guide # programming # webdev # go # strings Comments Add Comment 2 min read Flutter 3.29: A New Era of Performance, Features, and Community Contributions EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Feb 28 '25 Flutter 3.29: A New Era of Performance, Features, and Community Contributions # news # flutter # programming # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI Showdown: DeepSeek vs. ChatGPT – Which Powers Your Trades Smarter? EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Feb 6 '25 AI Showdown: DeepSeek vs. ChatGPT – Which Powers Your Trades Smarter? # deepseek # openai # chatgpt # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read DEV Community: Best Dev Stacks to Learn in 2025 EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Jan 9 '25 DEV Community: Best Dev Stacks to Learn in 2025 # programming # python # javascript # react 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 5 min read AI Predictions: How You Used AI in 2025? 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EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Dec 26 '24 React Native vs. Flutter: Which Delivers Better Performance for Modern Apps? 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read CSS Viewport Units: CSS *vh (dvh, lvh, svh) and *vw units EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Dec 23 '24 CSS Viewport Units: CSS *vh (dvh, lvh, svh) and *vw units # css # webdev # programming # html 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Flutter 3.27.0 Release Notes: In-Depth Analysis EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Dec 18 '24 Flutter 3.27.0 Release Notes: In-Depth Analysis # flutter # webdev # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Flutter 3.27 Release: Performance Upgrades and New Features EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs EncodeDots Technolabs Follow Dec 13 '24 Flutter 3.27 Release: Performance Upgrades and New Features # flutter # webdev # programming # website 15 reactions Comments 7 comments 14 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/paul_astorga | Paul Astorga - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Paul Astorga 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Mar 18, 2025 More info about @paul_astorga Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Organizations Cypress Post 3 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 4 tags followed XLSX File Uploads in Cypress Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Follow for Cypress Jul 29 '25 XLSX File Uploads in Cypress Comments Add Comment 3 min read A Simple Approach to Using Tags in Cypress Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Follow for Cypress Apr 23 '25 A Simple Approach to Using Tags in Cypress # cypress # beginners # automation # testing 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Automating QA: A Manual Tester's Journey Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Follow for Cypress Mar 18 '25 Automating QA: A Manual Tester's Journey # testing # cypress # qa # automationqa 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/hereisnaman/logical-or-vs-nullish-coalescing-operator-in-javascript-3851#main-content | JavaScript ||: Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Naman Kumar Posted on Apr 22, 2020 JavaScript || Logical OR (||) vs Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) in JavaScript # node # javascript # opensourc With the latest release of version 14, the Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) is now supported in NodeJS. In this post let us see what is the use case of this operator and how is it different from the logical OR. Logical Or (||) const paginate = ( options = {}) => { return [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. splice ( 0 , options . limit || 3 ); } paginate ( 1 ); // expected: [1], output: [1] paginate (); // expected: [1, 2, 3], output: [1, 2, 3] paginate ( 0 ); // expected: [], output: [1, 2, 3] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode How the logical or operator functions is, it returns the right hand value if the left hand value coerce to false. And that not only includes undefined and null but also 0 and '' . In many of our use cases, like the one above this causes unexpected results and we end up using the typeof operator. Nullish Coalescing Operator (??) This solves the problem for us. This operators returns the right hand value only if the left hand value is either null or undefined . const paginate = ( options = {}) => { return [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. splice ( 0 , options . limit ?? 3 ); } paginate ( 1 ); // expected: [1], output: [1] paginate (); // expected: [1, 2, 3], output: [1, 2, 3] paginate ( 0 ); // expected: [], output: [] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Share your quick JavaScript bites in comments. Top comments (4) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand hrdyjan1 hrdyjan1 hrdyjan1 Follow Vegetarian with long feet, who is in love with Marie and React. TL; DR Marie = Girlfriend React = JavaScript Library Location The Czech Republic Education Czech Technical University Work Bachelor at Prague, Front End developer Joined Sep 4, 2019 • Jan 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There should be probably "limit" only, no "options/options.limit". Like comment: Like comment: 9 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Patrick Alcisto Patrick Alcisto Patrick Alcisto Follow Author of CSS, hacker of JS, rider of Mountain Bikes (downhill type preferably), "father" of two dogs Location Charlotte, NC Work Software Engineer Joined May 2, 2019 • Feb 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice article but, @ hrdyjan1 is right, your example implies it expects an object with a possible limit property, yet you never pass the limit as part of an object in the three invocations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand TonyDev 👾 TonyDev 👾 TonyDev 👾 Follow Location Spain Work One of MAANG Joined Nov 17, 2019 • Jun 30 '24 • Edited on Jun 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide options.limit is always undefined All cases return [1, 2, 3] Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Aniruddha Das Aniruddha Das Aniruddha Das Follow Joined Apr 8, 2023 • Apr 21 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks, clears the basic concept. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Naman Kumar Follow Engineering @ProductHunt Location New Delhi, India Work Software Engineer at Product Hunt Joined Sep 7, 2019 More from Naman Kumar A minimal authorization policy builder for NodeJs # npm # node # javascript # authorization 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/productivity/page/9#main-content | Productivity Page 9 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Productivity Follow Hide Productivity includes tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Create Post submission guidelines Please check if your article contains information or discussion bases about productivity. From posts with the tag #productivity we expect tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. about #productivity Does my article fit the tag? It depends! Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. Older #productivity posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Hello everyone! Muhammad Zaid 4562-FOC/BSSE/F22 Muhammad Zaid 4562-FOC/BSSE/F22 Muhammad Zaid 4562-FOC/BSSE/F22 Follow Jan 5 Hello everyone! # webdev # programming # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read aliasctl - Modern Bash Alias Manager with Beautiful UI ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com Follow Jan 5 aliasctl - Modern Bash Alias Manager with Beautiful UI # bash # linux # terminal # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read I've been building AI document processing systems for insurance companies for 3 years. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow Organization actions Cypress The web has evolved. Finally, testing has too. Fast, easy and reliable testing tool for anything that runs in a browser. Location Atlanta, GA Joined Joined on Jan 1, 2020 Twitter logo GitHub logo External link icon Support email community@cypress.io Meet the team Post 44 posts published Member 19 members Triggering Cypress End-to-End Tests Manually on Different Browsers with GitHub Actions Talking About Testing Talking About Testing Talking About Testing Follow Dec 19 '25 Triggering Cypress End-to-End Tests Manually on Different Browsers with GitHub Actions # testing # cicd # github # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to validate tables, rows or any content of an Excel file using Cypress Marcelo C. Marcelo C. 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Fani "Rama" Akbar Follow Jan 3 Most Security Teams Can’t Scale Access Management Beyond 50 Employees - Here’s how to fix it # iam # aws # security # automation Comments Add Comment 6 min read Amazon Bedrock: The AI Foundation That’s Powering NatWest Bank’s Digital Transformation Suyog Kumawat Suyog Kumawat Suyog Kumawat Follow Jan 3 Amazon Bedrock: The AI Foundation That’s Powering NatWest Bank’s Digital Transformation # ai # aws # llm Comments Add Comment 5 min read Day 9: When APIs Fail. How to implement a "Mock Mode" in AWS Lambda. Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Jan 3 Day 9: When APIs Fail. 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Raphael Raphael Raphael Follow Jan 3 Did you know? # devops # cloud # aws # security Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Compile and Install Python 3.12+ on Amazon Linux 2 bhaktraj bhaktraj bhaktraj Follow Jan 3 How to Compile and Install Python 3.12+ on Amazon Linux 2 # aws # amazonlinux # python # openssl Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🚀 Major CI/CD Pipeline Enhancements Completed! 🐳 Sushil Baligar Sushil Baligar Sushil Baligar Follow Jan 3 🚀 Major CI/CD Pipeline Enhancements Completed! 🐳 # aws # cicd # devops # docker Comments Add Comment 2 min read DEV Track Spotlight: Serverless Full-Stack in Action: AI-Driven Developer Experience (DEV309) Gunnar Grosch Gunnar Grosch Gunnar Grosch Follow for AWS Jan 3 DEV Track Spotlight: Serverless Full-Stack in Action: AI-Driven Developer Experience (DEV309) # aws # ai # serverless # kiro Comments Add Comment 8 min read Creating an EC2 Instance Ogundu Ahamefule Ogundu Ahamefule Ogundu Ahamefule Follow Jan 3 Creating an EC2 Instance # aws # cloudcomputing # azure # virtualmachine Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/applying-first-principles-questioning-to-a-real-company-interview-question-2c0j#identify-required-state-no-design-yet | Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Case Study: Designing a Chat System (Meta / WhatsApp–Style) This section answers a common follow-up interview request: “Okay, now apply this thinking to a real problem.” We will do exactly that — without jumping to tools or architectures first . The goal is not to “design WhatsApp,” but to demonstrate how interviewers expect you to think . The Interview Question (Realistic & Common) “Design a chat system like WhatsApp.” This is a real company interview question asked (in variants) at: Meta Uber Amazon Stripe Most candidates fail this question not because it’s hard, but because they start in the wrong place . What Most Candidates Do (Wrong Start) Typical opening: “We’ll use WebSockets” “We’ll use Kafka” “We’ll shard by user ID” This skips reasoning. A strong candidate pauses and applies the checklist. Applying the First-Principles Checklist Live We will apply the same five questions , in order, and show what problems naturally surface. 1. State “Where does state live? When is it durable?” Ask This Out Loud in the Interview What information must the chat system remember for it to function correctly? Identify Required State (No Design Yet) Users Conversations Messages Message delivery status Now ask: Which of this state must never be lost? Answer: Messages (core product) Conversation membership First-Principles Conclusion Messages must be persisted In-memory-only solutions are insufficient What the Interviewer Sees You identified correctness-critical state before touching architecture. 2. Time “How long does each step take?” Now we introduce time. Break the Chat Flow User sends message Message is stored Message is delivered to recipient(s) Ask: Which of these must be fast? Sending a message → must feel instant Delivery → may be delayed (offline users) Critical Question Does the sender wait for delivery confirmation? If yes: Latency depends on recipient availability If no: Sending and delivery are time-decoupled First-Principles Conclusion Message acceptance must be fast Delivery can happen later This naturally introduces asynchrony , without naming any tools. 3. Failure “What breaks independently?” Now assume failures — explicitly. Ask What happens if the system crashes after accepting a message but before delivery? Possible states: Message stored Recipient not notified yet Now ask: Can delivery be retried safely? This surfaces a key invariant: A message must not be delivered zero times or multiple times incorrectly. Failure Scenarios Discovered Duplicate delivery Message loss Inconsistent delivery status First-Principles Conclusion Message delivery must be idempotent Storage and delivery failures must be decoupled The interviewer now sees you understand distributed failure , not just happy paths. 4. Order “What defines correct sequence?” Now introduce multiple messages . Ask Does message order matter in a conversation? Answer: Yes — chat messages must appear in order Now ask the dangerous question: Does arrival order equal delivery order? In distributed systems: No guarantee Messages can: Be processed by different servers Experience different delays First-Principles Conclusion Ordering is part of correctness It must be explicitly modeled (e.g., sequence per conversation) This is a senior-level insight , derived from questioning alone. 5. Scale “What grows fastest under load?” Now — and only now — do we talk about scale. Ask As usage grows, what increases fastest? Likely answers: Number of messages Concurrent active connections Offline message backlog Now ask: What happens during spikes (e.g., group chats, viral events)? You discover: Hot conversations Uneven load Memory pressure from live connections First-Principles Conclusion The system must scale on messages , not users Load is not uniform What We Have Discovered (Before Any Design) Without choosing any tools, we now know: Messages must be durable Sending and delivery must be decoupled Failures must not cause duplicates or loss Ordering is a correctness requirement Message volume, not user count, dominates scale This is exactly what interviewers want to hear before you propose architecture. What Comes Next (And Why It’s Easy Now) Only after this reasoning does it make sense to talk about: Persistent storage Async delivery Streaming connections Partitioning strategies At this point, architecture choices are obvious , not arbitrary. Why This Approach Scores High in Interviews Interviewers are evaluating: How you reason under ambiguity Whether you surface hidden constraints Whether you understand failure modes They are not testing whether you know WhatsApp’s internals. This method shows: Structured thinking Calm problem decomposition Senior-level judgment Common Candidate Mistakes (Seen in This Question) Jumping to WebSockets without discussing durability Ignoring offline users Assuming message order “just works” Treating retries as harmless Talking about scale before correctness Every one of these mistakes is prevented by the checklist. Final Reinforcement: The Checklist (Again) Use this verbatim in interviews: Where does state live? When is it durable? Which steps are fast vs slow? What can fail independently? What defines correct order? What grows fastest under load? Final Mental Model Strong candidates design systems. Exceptional candidates design reasoning . 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees Contrast sync vs async failure classes using first principles # architecture # computerscience # systemdesign How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/zayanmohamed/job-board-scraping-api-endpoints-cheat-sheet-1da7 | Job Board Scraping: API Endpoints & Cheat Sheet - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Zayan Mohamed Posted on Jan 10 Job Board Scraping: API Endpoints & Cheat Sheet # api # python # machinelearning # programming I found a Python script that aggregates jobs without needing complex authentication. Here are the endpoints. 1. LinkedIn (The "Guest" API Trick) You don't need OAuth if you use the "Guest" endpoint, but you must use a real User-Agent header. URL: https://www.linkedin.com/jobs-guest/jobs/api/seeMoreJobPostings/search Method: GET Critical Headers: User-Agent : Mozilla/5.0 ... Chrome/120.0... (Use a real browser string) Upgrade-Insecure-Requests : 1 Parameters: keywords : (e.g., "software engineer") location : (e.g., "Remote") start : Pagination offset (0, 25, 50...) f_TP : 1 (Crucial: filters for "Last 24 hours" to avoid dead links) 2. Remotive (Public API) Clean JSON response, no scraping html needed. URL: https://remotive.com/api/remote-jobs Params: category=software-dev , limit=10 3. Arbeitnow Returns a massive JSON list; filter it client-side. URL: https://www.arbeitnow.com/api/job-board-api Python Snippet: The Rate Limiter Always sleep between requests to avoid IP bans. import time import requests # Be polite time . sleep ( 2 ) response = requests . get ( url , headers = headers ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If you have time checkout my TIL (Today I learned)! Zayan-Mohamed/til If you find it useful, drop a ⭐ on the repo—it helps a lot! 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Zayan Mohamed Follow I'm Zayan Mohamed, an IT undergraduate at SLIIT University, majoring in Data Science Location Colombo, Sri Lanka Education Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Pronouns He/Him Joined Dec 16, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot The FAANG is dead💀 # webdev # programming # career # faang Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/mwolfhoffman/supabase-vs-firebase-pricing-and-when-to-use-which-5hhp#supabase-vs-firebase-pricing-and-when-to-use-which | Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Posted on Jan 22, 2022 Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which # sql # webdev # firebase # database Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which Supabase recently appeared on the scene as an attempt to be an open source alternative to Firebase. It's a great product and I've used it in many projects already. I've written about it here and here . The main difference between Supabase vs Firebase is that Supabase is a SQL database that utilized postgres and Firebase uses a NoSQL document data store. On my current side project I recently replaced Supabase for Firebase. I'll get into why and some of the pricing differences to consider. Consideration for Supabase vs Firebase Firebase has more features, for now For one, Firebase has been around much longer than Supabase and thus has more features. You can host your app on Firebase, you can also write cloud functions. (Currently I believe Supabase has cloud functions in beta). Both have great options for objects storage, authentication, and most things you will need as a backend as a service product. Also, while Supabase is not yet a perfect 1:1 mapping of Firebase, they do seem to be very quickly puting out new features to more closely match Firebase's offerings. SQL vs NoSQL This is a big one that I've been considering more. I enjoy relational data and my brain allows me to think about the relationships that SQL allows better than NoSQL document or key/value stores. I've been doing more of a deep dive into NoSQL and learning about how to structure data with it lately. With my research, I have decided that for small side projects and MVPs, I will be going with Firebase over Supabase if I truly don't need my data to be relational. NoSQL (firebase) can often be structured in a way that is more efficient than SQL. There are drawbacks however. Because you can't write complex queries and joins, you do have to consider how you might want to query your data in the future. This can be a difficult task. Once you have correctly anticipated the queries your application will need in the future, you actually duplicate that data into another document or collection in the NoSQL data store. Of course, now you have multiple places to update data too! This sounds like a headache, but with some practice it's actually pretty easy to catch on fast. After learning some more about how to structure documents in a NoSQL datastore, this performance and scalability is why I have decided that I will typically use Firebase over Supabase. The other reason is price. Pricing Another consideration for the Supabase vs Firebase debate is pricing. Both services offer a generous free tier. But what makes pricing considerations difficult is that scalability always has to be kept in mind. First, let's go over what each service offers for free in terms of a database and authentication (the two most used services by each) per month. Supabase: You get 3 free projects. You get 500 MB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase: You get unlimited free projects. You get 1 GB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase does charge for ingress and egress too. So you get 20,000 free writes per day and 50,000 free reads per day. Which to choose Ultimately, when I think about how my projects are going to scale (if they ever needed to) and what I am going to use them for, often NoSQL is just fine for my use cases and I get a better deal with Firebase. This is because my projects don't often scale to over 20,000 writes per day or 50,000 reads per day. And even if they do, the price is comparable with Supabase's next tier. This decision allows me to save my limited supabase free projects for when I really need a relational database. Top comments (6) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Follow Joined Jan 21, 2023 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You haven't added the biggest price factor for Supabase which is "Bandwidth" and "DB scalability". "Bandwidth": You won't run out of MAUs or DB storage, but you would easily cross the 5gb bandwidth mark, after which 25$ plan is your only option. "DB scalability": Free tier gives you micro DB which has very less concurrent connections allowed, scaling it again will cost you paid plan + extra compute costs. Supabase have very smartly advertised to bring in customers, but you realize after you get in that "there's no such thing as a free lunch". Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand shaoyanji shaoyanji shaoyanji Follow Joined Mar 19, 2024 • Apr 21 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide pssssst....pocketbase Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Follow I’m an Italian iOS developer. Education Tradate (VA), Italy Work Full time iOS developer Joined Apr 14, 2022 • Apr 14 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, interesting post, but I have a question, I’m developing a diary app, for iOS/iPadOS and also macOS/watchOS, but I’m uncertain if use Firebase or Supabase. My app let the end user’s to edit the note content, with textView text styles, like different colors, fonts, formats and also add images inside the text, but, can I use Firebase or Supabase? Have you some advice’s? Thanks, Nicolò Curioni iOS Developer Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Follow Aspiring Ionic app developer Location Digital Nomad Work Developer at Self Employed Joined Jul 9, 2019 • Sep 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes you can store both easily. There is a limitation with the nosql firebase that each record can be a maximum of 1mb (I think thats the limit). That is a ton of text to allow per note but its worth considering. You can also split a document over multiple records with a bit of creative coding, if you do need to go beyond those extreme limits. If you want to learn more about strategies for nosql I would recommend looking up Fireship on YouTube who has some good videos. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand neonitus neonitus neonitus Follow Joined Aug 20, 2023 • Aug 20 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, Thanks for the post. I however have a question about authentication. If my app uses social authentication, firebase offers only 50k MAU while the pro plan for Supabase offers 100K MAUs. Would you then prefer to use Supabase Auth and Firestore DB? How would you approach this problem where you are going to have a lot of users using the app(+100,000 per month) and you want the power of RDBMS because you want to build an analytical platform for your app and app transactions? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand codingjlu codingjlu codingjlu Follow Joined Jun 15, 2021 • May 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the great article! I was searching this on Google because I wanted to see the pricing comparison, and you've covered that just well. Thanks again! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Location Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 30, 2020 More from Michael Wolf Hoffman Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs # webdev # startup # saas # career How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database # react # webdev # javascript # programming How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication # react # webdev # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://x.com/privacy#chapter3 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/thekarlesi/how-to-handle-stripe-and-paystack-webhooks-in-nextjs-the-app-router-way-5bgi#main-content | How to Handle Stripe and Paystack Webhooks in Next.js (The App Router Way) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Esimit Karlgusta Posted on Jan 13 How to Handle Stripe and Paystack Webhooks in Next.js (The App Router Way) # api # nextjs # security # tutorial The #1 reason developers struggle with SaaS payments is Webhook Signature Verification. You set everything up, the test payment goes through, but your server returns a 400 Bad Request or a Signature Verification Failed error. In the Next.js App Router, the problem usually stems from how the request body is parsed. Stripe and Paystack require the raw request body to verify the signature, but Next.js often tries to be helpful by parsing it as JSON before you can get to it. Here is the "Golden Pattern" for handling this in 2026. 1. The Route Handler Setup Create a file at app/api/webhooks/route.ts . You must export a config object (if using older versions) or use the req.text() method in the App Router to prevent automatic parsing. import { NextResponse } from " next/server " ; import crypto from " crypto " ; export async function POST ( req : Request ) { // 1. Get the raw body as text const body = await req . text (); // 2. Grab the signature from headers const signature = req . headers . get ( " x-paystack-signature " ) || req . headers . get ( " stripe-signature " ); if ( ! signature ) { return NextResponse . json ({ error : " No signature " }, { status : 400 }); } // 3. Verify the signature (Example for Paystack) const hash = crypto . createHmac ( " sha512 " , process . env . PAYSTACK_SECRET_KEY ! ) . update ( body ) . digest ( " hex " ); if ( hash !== signature ) { return NextResponse . json ({ error : " Invalid signature " }, { status : 401 }); } // 4. Now parse the body and handle the event const event = JSON . parse ( body ); if ( event . event === " charge.success " ) { // Handle successful payment in your database console . log ( " Payment successful for: " , event . data . customer . email ); } return NextResponse . json ({ received : true }, { status : 200 }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. The Middleware Trap If you have global middleware protecting your routes, ensure your webhook path is excluded. Otherwise, the payment provider will hit your login page instead of your API. 3. Why this matters for your SaaS If your webhooks fail, your users won't get their "Pro" access, and your churn will skyrocket. Handling this correctly is the difference between a side project and a real business. I have spent a lot of time documenting these "Gotchas" while building my MERN stack projects. If you want to see a full implementation of this including Stripe, Paystack, and database logic, check out my deep dive here: How to add Stripe or Paystack payments to your SaaS . Digging Deeper If you are tired of debugging the same boilerplate over and over, you might find my SassyPack overview helpful. I built it specifically to solve these "Day 1" technical headaches for other founders. Happy coding! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Esimit Karlgusta Follow Full Stack Developer Location Earth, for now :) Education BSc. IT Work Full Stack Developer Joined Mar 31, 2020 More from Esimit Karlgusta Secure Authentication in Next.js: Building a Production-Ready Login System # webdev # programming # nextjs # beginners Stop Coding Login Screens: A Senior Developer’s Guide to Building SaaS That Actually Ships # webdev # programming # beginners # tutorial Zero to SaaS vs ShipFast, Which One Actually Helps You Build a Real SaaS? # nextjs # beginners # webdev # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
https://dev.to/mwolfhoffman/supabase-vs-firebase-pricing-and-when-to-use-which-5hhp#consideration-for-supabase-vs-firebase | Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Posted on Jan 22, 2022 Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which # sql # webdev # firebase # database Supabase Vs Firebase Pricing and When To Use Which Supabase recently appeared on the scene as an attempt to be an open source alternative to Firebase. It's a great product and I've used it in many projects already. I've written about it here and here . The main difference between Supabase vs Firebase is that Supabase is a SQL database that utilized postgres and Firebase uses a NoSQL document data store. On my current side project I recently replaced Supabase for Firebase. I'll get into why and some of the pricing differences to consider. Consideration for Supabase vs Firebase Firebase has more features, for now For one, Firebase has been around much longer than Supabase and thus has more features. You can host your app on Firebase, you can also write cloud functions. (Currently I believe Supabase has cloud functions in beta). Both have great options for objects storage, authentication, and most things you will need as a backend as a service product. Also, while Supabase is not yet a perfect 1:1 mapping of Firebase, they do seem to be very quickly puting out new features to more closely match Firebase's offerings. SQL vs NoSQL This is a big one that I've been considering more. I enjoy relational data and my brain allows me to think about the relationships that SQL allows better than NoSQL document or key/value stores. I've been doing more of a deep dive into NoSQL and learning about how to structure data with it lately. With my research, I have decided that for small side projects and MVPs, I will be going with Firebase over Supabase if I truly don't need my data to be relational. NoSQL (firebase) can often be structured in a way that is more efficient than SQL. There are drawbacks however. Because you can't write complex queries and joins, you do have to consider how you might want to query your data in the future. This can be a difficult task. Once you have correctly anticipated the queries your application will need in the future, you actually duplicate that data into another document or collection in the NoSQL data store. Of course, now you have multiple places to update data too! This sounds like a headache, but with some practice it's actually pretty easy to catch on fast. After learning some more about how to structure documents in a NoSQL datastore, this performance and scalability is why I have decided that I will typically use Firebase over Supabase. The other reason is price. Pricing Another consideration for the Supabase vs Firebase debate is pricing. Both services offer a generous free tier. But what makes pricing considerations difficult is that scalability always has to be kept in mind. First, let's go over what each service offers for free in terms of a database and authentication (the two most used services by each) per month. Supabase: You get 3 free projects. You get 500 MB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase: You get unlimited free projects. You get 1 GB of storage. You get 10,000 users through their authentication service. Firebase does charge for ingress and egress too. So you get 20,000 free writes per day and 50,000 free reads per day. Which to choose Ultimately, when I think about how my projects are going to scale (if they ever needed to) and what I am going to use them for, often NoSQL is just fine for my use cases and I get a better deal with Firebase. This is because my projects don't often scale to over 20,000 writes per day or 50,000 reads per day. And even if they do, the price is comparable with Supabase's next tier. This decision allows me to save my limited supabase free projects for when I really need a relational database. Top comments (6) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Rashim Narayan Tiku Follow Joined Jan 21, 2023 • Apr 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You haven't added the biggest price factor for Supabase which is "Bandwidth" and "DB scalability". "Bandwidth": You won't run out of MAUs or DB storage, but you would easily cross the 5gb bandwidth mark, after which 25$ plan is your only option. "DB scalability": Free tier gives you micro DB which has very less concurrent connections allowed, scaling it again will cost you paid plan + extra compute costs. Supabase have very smartly advertised to bring in customers, but you realize after you get in that "there's no such thing as a free lunch". Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand shaoyanji shaoyanji shaoyanji Follow Joined Mar 19, 2024 • Apr 21 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide pssssst....pocketbase Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Nicolò Curioni Follow I’m an Italian iOS developer. Education Tradate (VA), Italy Work Full time iOS developer Joined Apr 14, 2022 • Apr 14 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, interesting post, but I have a question, I’m developing a diary app, for iOS/iPadOS and also macOS/watchOS, but I’m uncertain if use Firebase or Supabase. My app let the end user’s to edit the note content, with textView text styles, like different colors, fonts, formats and also add images inside the text, but, can I use Firebase or Supabase? Have you some advice’s? Thanks, Nicolò Curioni iOS Developer Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Matthew Harris Follow Aspiring Ionic app developer Location Digital Nomad Work Developer at Self Employed Joined Jul 9, 2019 • Sep 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes you can store both easily. There is a limitation with the nosql firebase that each record can be a maximum of 1mb (I think thats the limit). That is a ton of text to allow per note but its worth considering. You can also split a document over multiple records with a bit of creative coding, if you do need to go beyond those extreme limits. If you want to learn more about strategies for nosql I would recommend looking up Fireship on YouTube who has some good videos. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand neonitus neonitus neonitus Follow Joined Aug 20, 2023 • Aug 20 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, Thanks for the post. I however have a question about authentication. If my app uses social authentication, firebase offers only 50k MAU while the pro plan for Supabase offers 100K MAUs. Would you then prefer to use Supabase Auth and Firestore DB? How would you approach this problem where you are going to have a lot of users using the app(+100,000 per month) and you want the power of RDBMS because you want to build an analytical platform for your app and app transactions? Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand codingjlu codingjlu codingjlu Follow Joined Jun 15, 2021 • May 29 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for the great article! I was searching this on Google because I wanted to see the pricing comparison, and you've covered that just well. Thanks again! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michael Wolf Hoffman Follow Location Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Work Software Engineer Joined Apr 30, 2020 More from Michael Wolf Hoffman Where to Publish Plugins, Add-ons, and Extensions for Software Engineers and Entrepreneurs # webdev # startup # saas # career How to Use React + Supabase Pt 2: Working with the Database # react # webdev # javascript # programming How To Use React + Supabase Pt 1: Setting Up a Project and Supabase Authentication # react # webdev # javascript # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:16 |
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https://dev.to/t/tutorial/page/80 | Tutorial Page 80 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # tutorial Follow Hide Tutorial is a general purpose tag. We welcome all types of tutorial - code related or not! It's all about learning, and using tutorials to teach others! Create Post submission guidelines Tutorials should teach by example. This can include an interactive component or steps the reader can follow to understand. Older #tutorial posts 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Introduction to Servlet API and Lifecycle Arkadipta kundu Arkadipta kundu Arkadipta kundu Follow Nov 9 '25 Introduction to Servlet API and Lifecycle # backend # tutorial # api # java Comments Add Comment 13 min read React state management best practices - Mastering React State... i Ash i Ash i Ash Follow Dec 13 '25 React state management best practices - Mastering React State... # javascript # architecture # tutorial # react 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Data Visualization with matplotlib & seaborn Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Aviral Srivastava Follow Nov 9 '25 Data Visualization with matplotlib & seaborn # datascience # python # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Build Your First TCP Chat App Using Node.js 🚀💬 Avijit Bera Avijit Bera Avijit Bera Follow Nov 10 '25 Build Your First TCP Chat App Using Node.js 🚀💬 # programming # javascript # tutorial # node Comments Add Comment 3 min read Foundation JS Whoissosick Whoissosick Whoissosick Follow Nov 9 '25 Foundation JS # beginners # javascript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read Git Deep Dive: Mastering rerere Louis Liu Louis Liu Louis Liu Follow Nov 12 '25 Git Deep Dive: Mastering rerere # git # programming # productivity # tutorial 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Free university-level CS education (YC-backed) sam-goldman sam-goldman sam-goldman Follow Nov 10 '25 Free university-level CS education (YC-backed) # beginners # programming # tutorial # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read 55. Jump Game | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions Debesh P. Debesh P. Debesh P. Follow Dec 13 '25 55. Jump Game | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions # leetcode # programming # productivity # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Stop Writing try/except Hell: Clean Database Transactions with SQLAlchemy with the Unit Of Work Ivan Korostenskij Ivan Korostenskij Ivan Korostenskij Follow Dec 11 '25 Stop Writing try/except Hell: Clean Database Transactions with SQLAlchemy with the Unit Of Work # python # architecture # tutorial # learning 9 reactions Comments 4 comments 5 min read 🧠 Build a Document Search with RAG | Hugging Face Transformers + Flan-T5 + NLP Tutorial Takneekigyanguru Takneekigyanguru Takneekigyanguru Follow Nov 9 '25 🧠 Build a Document Search with RAG | Hugging Face Transformers + Flan-T5 + NLP Tutorial # tutorial # ai # rag # python Comments Add Comment 2 min read Learning JS in 30 Days - Day 9 Tony Chase Tony Chase Tony Chase Follow Nov 10 '25 Learning JS in 30 Days - Day 9 # beginners # javascript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Variable and Object in Java VIDHYA VARSHINI VIDHYA VARSHINI VIDHYA VARSHINI Follow Nov 9 '25 Variable and Object in Java # beginners # java # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to use Django ORM in FastAPI Ajeeb.K.P Ajeeb.K.P Ajeeb.K.P Follow Nov 9 '25 How to use Django ORM in FastAPI # tutorial # django # api # python 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Supabase with PowerBI Dashboard nash9 nash9 nash9 Follow Dec 11 '25 Supabase with PowerBI Dashboard # analytics # microsoft # postgres # tutorial 30 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Demystifying Django Architecture : A Beginner-Friendly Guide Raziq Din Raziq Din Raziq Din Follow Dec 12 '25 Demystifying Django Architecture : A Beginner-Friendly Guide # django # programming # webdev # tutorial 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read The Math Behind Machine Learning & Deep Learning (Explained Simply) info_brust info_brust info_brust Follow Dec 1 '25 The Math Behind Machine Learning & Deep Learning (Explained Simply) # machinelearning # tutorial # deeplearning # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read Common Manual Testing Techniques Pon Pandian Pon Pandian Pon Pandian Follow Nov 8 '25 Common Manual Testing Techniques # ai # testing # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Preventing AI Project Failures Through Effective Prompt Engineering Mikuz Mikuz Mikuz Follow Nov 9 '25 Preventing AI Project Failures Through Effective Prompt Engineering # ai # security # tutorial # llm 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to use github as a writer or creator olanite azeez olanite azeez olanite azeez Follow Nov 10 '25 How to use github as a writer or creator # writing # productivity # tutorial # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read Merge video with audio using FFMPEG Sergio Peris Sergio Peris Sergio Peris Follow Nov 10 '25 Merge video with audio using FFMPEG # tutorial # ffmpeg Comments Add Comment 1 min read Coding Challenge Practice - Question 50 Bukunmi Odugbesan Bukunmi Odugbesan Bukunmi Odugbesan Follow Nov 9 '25 Coding Challenge Practice - Question 50 # algorithms # tutorial # interview # javascript Comments Add Comment 1 min read Yet another Rust ownership tutorial Nicolas Fränkel Nicolas Fränkel Nicolas Fränkel Follow Dec 11 '25 Yet another Rust ownership tutorial # rust # ownership # borrowing # tutorial 27 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Perfect way to create a background image using CSS alok-38 alok-38 alok-38 Follow Nov 10 '25 Perfect way to create a background image using CSS # webdev # css # html # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building Forms with React Hook Form (Part 2) Dhokia Rinidh Dhokia Rinidh Dhokia Rinidh Follow Nov 29 '25 Building Forms with React Hook Form (Part 2) # javascript # tutorial # react # performance 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stack vs Heap in Go: How Escape Analysis Actually Works Pavel Sanikovich Pavel Sanikovich Pavel Sanikovich Follow Dec 12 '25 Stack vs Heap in Go: How Escape Analysis Actually Works # go # beginners # programming # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/claudecode/page/7 | Claudecode Page 7 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # claudecode Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Nyash programming language introduced in this article is a newborn language with 0 GitHub Stars CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Aug 13 '25 The Nyash programming language introduced in this article is a newborn language with 0 GitHub Stars # ai # rust # claudecode Comments Add Comment 4 min read Claude Code: Part 2 - CLAUDE.md Configuration Files luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 2 - CLAUDE.md Configuration Files # claudecode # configuration # claudemd # projectmanagement 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Claude Code: Part 1 - Getting Started and Installation luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 1 - Getting Started and Installation # claudecode # aidevelopment # gettingstarted # developmenttools 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Claude Code: Part 6 - Subagents and Task Delegation luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 6 - Subagents and Task Delegation # claudecode # subagents # taskdelegation # autonomousanalysis 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Claude Code: Part 8 - Hooks for Automated Quality Checks luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 8 - Hooks for Automated Quality Checks # claudecode # hooks # automation # qualityassurance 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read Claude Code: Part 9 - Complete Development Workflows luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 9 - Complete Development Workflows # claudecode # developmentworkflows # featuredevelopment # bugfixing Comments Add Comment 5 min read Claude Code: Part 5 - MCP Servers and Tool Integration luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 5 - MCP Servers and Tool Integration # claudecode # mcp # modelcontextprotocol # githubintegration Comments Add Comment 3 min read Claude Code: Part 11 - Troubleshooting and Recovery luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 11 - Troubleshooting and Recovery # claudecode # troubleshooting # debugging # performance Comments Add Comment 6 min read Claude Code: Part 4 - Slash Commands and Custom Commands luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 4 - Slash Commands and Custom Commands # claudecode # slashcommands # automation # customcommands Comments Add Comment 2 min read Claude Code: Part 3 - Conversation Management and Context luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 3 - Conversation Management and Context # claudecode # advancedfeatures # productivity # contextmanagement Comments Add Comment 5 min read Claude Code: Part 7 - IDE Integration with VS Code and JetBrains luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 7 - IDE Integration with VS Code and JetBrains # claudecode # ideintegration # vscode # jetbrains 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Claude Code: Part 10 - Common Issues and Quick Fixes luiz tanure luiz tanure luiz tanure Follow Aug 11 '25 Claude Code: Part 10 - Common Issues and Quick Fixes # claudecode # troubleshooting # contextmanagement # tokenoptimization Comments Add Comment 3 min read I tried vibe coding, and survived to tell (well kinda) - Part 1 orelzion orelzion orelzion Follow Aug 10 '25 I tried vibe coding, and survived to tell (well kinda) - Part 1 # ai # claudecode # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read A Task You MUST Do If You're Using Claude Code with Git CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Aug 7 '25 A Task You MUST Do If You're Using Claude Code with Git # claudecode # ai 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Why I tell Claude Code to "take your time, calm down!" CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Aug 7 '25 Why I tell Claude Code to "take your time, calm down!" # claudecode # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read My One-Month Journey with Claude Code 🚀 Eric Cheng Eric Cheng Eric Cheng Follow Aug 6 '25 My One-Month Journey with Claude Code 🚀 # claudecode # ai # programming # coding 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read From Zero to AI-Powered Developer: Your Complete Claude Code CLI Setup Guide Shahid Shahid Shahid Follow Aug 6 '25 From Zero to AI-Powered Developer: Your Complete Claude Code CLI Setup Guide # claudeai # claudecode # codingagent # aicode 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Zero-to-Vibe Coding Jumpstart Cube Catastrophication Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Oct 31 '25 The Zero-to-Vibe Coding Jumpstart Cube Catastrophication # magic # python # claudecode # ai Comments Add Comment 9 min read ⭐⭐ The "2-Star Miracle": NekoCode - Claude Code's Secret Weapon for Source Analysis CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Aug 4 '25 ⭐⭐ The "2-Star Miracle": NekoCode - Claude Code's Secret Weapon for Source Analysis # claudecode # ai # cpp # javascript Comments Add Comment 2 min read How I Set Up Qwen3-Coder with Claude Code (and Why You Should Too) Tokyo Dal Tokyo Dal Tokyo Dal Follow for AI For Developer Aug 2 '25 How I Set Up Qwen3-Coder with Claude Code (and Why You Should Too) # claudecode # ai # qwen3coder # programming 14 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Claude Code: 3 Hard Realities Nobody Talks About Akihiro Okuno Akihiro Okuno Akihiro Okuno Follow Jun 29 '25 Claude Code: 3 Hard Realities Nobody Talks About # ai # claudecode # engineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read High-Performance Code Analysis Engine for Claude Code in C++17 CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 31 '25 High-Performance Code Analysis Engine for Claude Code in C++17 # claudecode # javascript # cpp # python Comments Add Comment 1 min read NekoCode C++: Code Analyzer for Claude Code - Version Up! CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 29 '25 NekoCode C++: Code Analyzer for Claude Code - Version Up! # ai # claudecode # cpp # javascript Comments Add Comment 1 min read NekoCode C++: A Code Analyzer for Claude Code CharmPic CharmPic CharmPic Follow Jul 27 '25 NekoCode C++: A Code Analyzer for Claude Code # programming # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 2 min read Claude Code + Any AI Model = 90% Cost Savings (Introducing CCProxy) Praney Behl Praney Behl Praney Behl Follow Jul 22 '25 Claude Code + Any AI Model = 90% Cost Savings (Introducing CCProxy) # ai # claudecode # opensource # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/scriptor/i-built-wordle-for-desktop-but-using-my-own-gui-library-17e7#comments | I built wordle for desktop but using my own GUI library! - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scriptor Posted on Jan 2 I built wordle for desktop but using my own GUI library! # opensource # showdev # testing # development Developing desktop GUIs in Python often involves frameworks that are either low-level or restrictive. To address this, I created PyUIKit , a open source project and a component-based Python GUI library built on top of CustomTkinter. Its goal is to provide a web-like, simple syntax for building GUIs efficiently. I'm trying to actively update PyUIkit, even though its not polished its usable. To test the library, I built a desktop Wordle clone , which helped identify current limitations and areas for improvement. Watch the Full Walkthrough If you wanna watch the full process of how I built it then watch this: Overview The desktop Wordle app includes: Six attempts to guess a five-letter word Random word selection from a list of 450+ words Color-coded tiles for feedback: green ✅, yellow ⚠️, gray ❌ Toast notifications for user feedback PyUIKit GUIs With PyUIKit, UI components are composed in a nested, web-like structure : from pyuikit import Body , Div , Input from pyuikit.components import Text , Button app = Body ( resizable = ( False , False ), height = 600 , width = 800 , title = ' Wordle ' ) Div ( height = 600 , width = 800 , bg_color = ' #121213 ' , children = [ Text ( text = " WORDLE " , font_size = 30 , color = " white " ), Div ( horizontal = True , nested = True , children = [ Input ( id = ' row1_col1 ' , width = 50 , height = 50 , multiline = True ), Button ( text = " Submit " , on_click = lambda : handlesubmit ( 1 )) ]) ] ) app . run () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Handling Wordle Logic def handlesubmit ( rownum ): letters = [ Input . get_input_text ( f ' row { rownum } _col { i + 1 } ' ) for i in range ( 5 )] # Two-pass check: green first, then yellow/gray # Toast feedback if correct or attempt used Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Limitations discovered Single-line Input components cannot have custom heights Font customization is limited Dynamic background color updates are not fully supported Future Improvements for PyUIKit Easier, more concise update functions Better Div layouts for flexible UI composition Improved input handling, styling, and responsiveness Conclusion This Wordle project served as a practical stress test to identify PyUIKit’s current limitations and guide its evolution. While PyUIKit may not yet compete with more mature GUI frameworks, it is under active development, and projects like this play a crucial role in uncovering weaknesses, refining APIs, and shaping future improvements. If you like the project please consider giving us a star on the github repo. PyUIKit links: PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/pyuikit/ Docs & Quickstart: https://github.com/Huzaifa-Atiq/PyUIkit/blob/main/README.md Github Repo: https://github.com/Huzaifa-Atiq/PyUIkit Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scriptor Follow Joined Dec 6, 2025 More from Scriptor The only python GUI library you will need in 2026... # webdev # programming # opensource # python I Just Shipped a Major Update to My Python GUI Library (PyUIkit) # webdev # programming # python # showdev HTML like simplicity in python GUIs is here! # python # programming # opensource # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # tutorial Follow Hide Tutorial is a general purpose tag. We welcome all types of tutorial - code related or not! It's all about learning, and using tutorials to teach others! Create Post submission guidelines Tutorials should teach by example. This can include an interactive component or steps the reader can follow to understand. Older #tutorial posts 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu LUMOS in 5 Minutes: Your First Solana Schema RECTOR SOL RECTOR SOL RECTOR SOL Follow for LUMOS Dec 17 '25 LUMOS in 5 Minutes: Your First Solana Schema # solana # rust # typescript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Migrating from Manual Borsh to LUMOS: A Step-by-Step Guide RECTOR SOL RECTOR SOL RECTOR SOL Follow for LUMOS Dec 17 '25 Migrating from Manual Borsh to LUMOS: A Step-by-Step Guide # solana # rust # typescript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Measuring End-to-End Latency for Robots and Cameras Over 5G (Without RF Gear) Yacine Si Tayeb Yacine Si Tayeb Yacine Si Tayeb Follow Nov 12 '25 Measuring End-to-End Latency for Robots and Cameras Over 5G (Without RF Gear) # tutorial # resources # coding # 5g 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Infinite Marquee with Vevet.js Anthony Bobrov Anthony Bobrov Anthony Bobrov Follow Nov 13 '25 Infinite Marquee with Vevet.js # webdev # marquee # javascript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Connecting Power BI to PostgreSQL (Localhost & Aiven Cloud) Kenyansa Felix Amenya Kenyansa Felix Amenya Kenyansa Felix Amenya Follow Nov 17 '25 Connecting Power BI to PostgreSQL (Localhost & Aiven Cloud) # postgres # analytics # database # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read When Absurdity Meets Clean Code: allgood.click Martin Schenk Martin Schenk Martin Schenk Follow Nov 14 '25 When Absurdity Meets Clean Code: allgood.click # javascript # web # tutorial # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stock Price Prediction Suppa sin Suppa sin Suppa sin Follow Nov 19 '25 Stock Price Prediction # datascience # deeplearning # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 6 : SQL Aruna Aruna Aruna Follow Dec 17 '25 Day 6 : SQL # tutorial # database # beginners # sql 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read 🚀Node.js Microservices: Zero to Cloud (Complete Hands-on Series) Shafqat Awan Shafqat Awan Shafqat Awan Follow Dec 17 '25 🚀Node.js Microservices: Zero to Cloud (Complete Hands-on Series) # tutorial # node # cloud # microservices Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to push updates to the Salesforce production environment Bohdan Bohdan Bohdan Follow Dec 6 '25 How to push updates to the Salesforce production environment # crm # tutorial # programming # webdev 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read 134. Gas Station | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions Debesh P. Debesh P. Debesh P. Follow Dec 17 '25 134. Gas Station | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions # leetcode # programming # productivity # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read 238. Product of Array Except Self | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions Debesh P. Debesh P. Debesh P. Follow Dec 17 '25 238. Product of Array Except Self | LeetCode | Top Interview 150 | Coding Questions # leetcode # productivity # tutorial # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read The $847 Idle RDS Instance: A Deep Dive into AWS Cost Optimization Rick Wise Rick Wise Rick Wise Follow Nov 26 '25 The $847 Idle RDS Instance: A Deep Dive into AWS Cost Optimization # aws # architecture # devops # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 3: Understanding Data Types in Java Karthick Narayanan Karthick Narayanan Karthick Narayanan Follow Dec 17 '25 Day 3: Understanding Data Types in Java # beginners # java # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Actually Copy a List in Python Nelson Figueroa Nelson Figueroa Nelson Figueroa Follow Nov 14 '25 How to Actually Copy a List in Python # beginners # python # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Plan a Tournament Structure When You Don't Know Where to Start Bracket Maker Bracket Maker Bracket Maker Follow Nov 13 '25 How to Plan a Tournament Structure When You Don't Know Where to Start # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Built a 3D Product Configurator using Alpine.js & Three.js (No React required!) Francesco Esposito Francesco Esposito Francesco Esposito Follow Dec 5 '25 How I Built a 3D Product Configurator using Alpine.js & Three.js (No React required!) # showdev # javascript # webdev # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to use local packages in Composer: a guide for PHP developers Roberto B. Roberto B. Roberto B. Follow Dec 12 '25 How to use local packages in Composer: a guide for PHP developers # php # composer # webdev # tutorial 34 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read I Looked Inside .git and You Won't Believe What I Found (Actually, You Will,cos It's Fascinating) NJEI NJEI NJEI Follow Dec 8 '25 I Looked Inside .git and You Won't Believe What I Found (Actually, You Will,cos It's Fascinating) # git # webdev # beginners # tutorial 59 reactions Comments 13 comments 8 min read 🔥 LLM Interview Series(3): Transformers Explained — Attention Is All You Need jackma jackma jackma Follow Nov 14 '25 🔥 LLM Interview Series(3): Transformers Explained — Attention Is All You Need # ai # programming # tutorial # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read DebianにJupyterサーバーを入れてクライアントPCからPythonの勉強 Kiyoshi Yamamoto Kiyoshi Yamamoto Kiyoshi Yamamoto Follow Nov 13 '25 DebianにJupyterサーバーを入れてクライアントPCからPythonの勉強 # learning # python # linux # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Use GitHub Secrets Effectively in Multi-Service Deployments Avwerosuoghene Darhare-Igben Avwerosuoghene Darhare-Igben Avwerosuoghene Darhare-Igben Follow Nov 13 '25 How to Use GitHub Secrets Effectively in Multi-Service Deployments # cloud # webdev # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why We Ditched React and Built Financial Calculators in Vanilla JavaScript (And How It Made Everything Better) chittaranjan nivargi chittaranjan nivargi chittaranjan nivargi Follow Nov 15 '25 Why We Ditched React and Built Financial Calculators in Vanilla JavaScript (And How It Made Everything Better) # webdev # programming # tutorial # react Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Base64 Dilemma: When (and How) to Actually Inline Images in CSS Turkay Kalenci Turkay Kalenci Turkay Kalenci Follow Nov 12 '25 The Base64 Dilemma: When (and How) to Actually Inline Images in CSS # css # performance # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read OOP Under the Hood: Prototypes, new, and More Karen Santana Karen Santana Karen Santana Follow Nov 12 '25 OOP Under the Hood: Prototypes, new, and More # beginners # javascript # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/quoll | Paula Gearon - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Paula Gearon Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Joined Joined on Dec 1, 2018 Personal website http://mulgara.org/ github website Education Computer Engineering. Physics. Work Semantic Web Architect Seven Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least seven years. Got it Close Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close 4 Week Writing Streak You've posted at least one post per week for 4 consecutive weeks! Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @quoll GitHub Repositories asami A flexible graph store, written in Clojure Clojure • 302 stars naga Datalog based rules engine Fork Clojure • 35 stars Skills/Languages Clojure, ClojureScript, Java, JavaScript, C, C++, SQL, SPARQL, RDF Currently learning Haskell, React Post 28 posts published Comment 54 comments written Tag 1 tag followed Repetition Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Mar 12 '25 Repetition # clojure 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Want to connect with Paula Gearon? Create an account to connect with Paula Gearon. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Conversational AI Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow May 19 '23 Conversational AI # ai # chatgpt # bard # llm 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 23 min read Stay Classy in OWL Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Nov 14 '22 Stay Classy in OWL # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read Classification Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Sep 28 '22 Classification # rdf # owl # sparql # rules Comments Add Comment 10 min read What Can't I do, as a Rule? Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 22 '22 What Can't I do, as a Rule? # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 4 reactions Comments 4 comments 13 min read How fast is dc? Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Jul 12 '22 How fast is dc? # clojure 8 reactions Comments 2 comments 8 min read More Immutability and Clojure Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Jun 19 '22 More Immutability and Clojure # clojure # immutable 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 12 min read Immutable Vars and Clojure Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Jun 18 '22 Immutable Vars and Clojure # clojure # immutable 14 reactions Comments 3 comments 9 min read Asami Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Feb 8 '21 Asami # clojure # database 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Asami Background #2 Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Feb 8 '21 Asami Background #2 # clojure # database Comments Add Comment 7 min read Asami Background Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Feb 7 '21 Asami Background # database # clojure 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read Clojure and the JVM Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow May 28 '20 Clojure and the JVM # java # clojure 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Linux Process Memory Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow May 5 '20 Linux Process Memory # linux # bash 18 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read Persistent Data Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Apr 27 '20 Persistent Data Comments Add Comment 12 min read Filing a Balance Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Apr 21 '20 Filing a Balance 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read Seqing an Addendum Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Apr 19 '20 Seqing an Addendum # clojure 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Seqing an Answer Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Apr 19 '20 Seqing an Answer # clojure 14 reactions Comments 2 comments 14 min read A Symmetric Position Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Apr 16 '20 A Symmetric Position # structure # avl # tree 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read A Balanced Tree Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Apr 16 '20 A Balanced Tree # structure # avl # tree 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 8 min read Clojure Transducers Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Jan 2 '20 Clojure Transducers # clojure # transducers 20 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Save the Trees Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Sep 10 '19 Save the Trees 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Shaking the Tree Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Sep 5 '19 Shaking the Tree 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Mapping the Way Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 22 '19 Mapping the Way 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Storage Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 22 '19 Storage 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 7 min read Buffering Up Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 19 '19 Buffering Up 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read A Simple Structure in Binary Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 18 '19 A Simple Structure in Binary 13 reactions Comments 1 comment 14 min read A Simple Structure Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 17 '19 A Simple Structure 10 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read What's with data structures? Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Paula Gearon Follow Aug 16 '19 What's with data structures? 16 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/ibrahimgunduz34 | İbrahim Gündüz - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions İbrahim Gündüz A software developer focused on backend technologies. He loves #fintech, #investment and music instruments. Location Bucharest, Romania / Istanbul, Turkey Joined Joined on Jul 8, 2023 github website Work Software Developer at PayU More info about @ibrahimgunduz34 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Post 18 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 22 tags followed Circuit Breaker in Inter-Service Communication İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Jan 10 Circuit Breaker in Inter-Service Communication # java # microservices # architecture # springboot 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read Message Schema Evolution in RabbitMQ: Using Virtual Hosts as Deployment Boundaries İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Jan 6 Message Schema Evolution in RabbitMQ: Using Virtual Hosts as Deployment Boundaries # architecture # devops # microservices 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Versioning Redis Cache Keys to Prevent Stale Data During Spring Boot Application Deployments İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Jan 2 Versioning Redis Cache Keys to Prevent Stale Data During Spring Boot Application Deployments # java # springboot # redis # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Protecting Sensitive Data Using Envelope Encryption İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Dec 30 '25 Protecting Sensitive Data Using Envelope Encryption # security # cryptography # java Comments Add Comment 6 min read A Practical Guide to Google Guice İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Dec 28 '25 A Practical Guide to Google Guice # java # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to Align Spring Boot Validation Errors with Your JSON Property Naming Strategy İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Nov 25 '25 How to Align Spring Boot Validation Errors with Your JSON Property Naming Strategy # java # springboot # programming # api Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Configure Global Settings for Spring RestClient İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 30 '25 How to Configure Global Settings for Spring RestClient # springboot # api # http # logging 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Generics as a Design Tool, Not Just a Language Feature İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 19 '25 Generics as a Design Tool, Not Just a Language Feature # java # programming # refactoring Comments Add Comment 3 min read Spring AMQP: How to Convert Messages for Sending and Receiving Objects İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 14 '25 Spring AMQP: How to Convert Messages for Sending and Receiving Objects # java # springboot # programming # backend 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Interfacing 2.4" SSD1309 SPI OLED Display With ESP8266 İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 10 '25 Interfacing 2.4" SSD1309 SPI OLED Display With ESP8266 # iot # programming # electronics # esp8266 Comments Add Comment 2 min read Configuring ESP8266 Wi-Fi Network Connection Through A Web Page İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 9 '25 Configuring ESP8266 Wi-Fi Network Connection Through A Web Page # iot # esp8266 # electronics # programming 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Doesn’t PHP-FPM Docker Image Care About Your Configuration Changes? İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 8 '25 Doesn’t PHP-FPM Docker Image Care About Your Configuration Changes? Comments Add Comment 2 min read Dependency Injection Scopes In NestJS İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 7 '25 Dependency Injection Scopes In NestJS # nestjs # javascript # typescript # programming 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Conditional Dependency Injection In Spring Framework And Spring Boot İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 7 '25 Conditional Dependency Injection In Spring Framework And Spring Boot # java # programming # spring # backend 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Securing a REST API Created With Spring Boot 3 Using Spring Security with username-password And JWT Authentication İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 6 '25 Securing a REST API Created With Spring Boot 3 Using Spring Security with username-password And JWT Authentication # java # spring # security # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read Spring StateMachine Explained: Managing Complex Workflows with Ease İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 6 '25 Spring StateMachine Explained: Managing Complex Workflows with Ease # java # spring # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Batch Processing with Spring Batch and Multiple Data Sources İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 6 '25 Batch Processing with Spring Batch and Multiple Data Sources # database # backend # java # spring 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 15 min read Signing and Encryption With JWS and JWE İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz İbrahim Gündüz Follow Oct 5 '25 Signing and Encryption With JWS and JWE # java # programming # security # encryption 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/scriptor/i-built-wordle-for-desktop-but-using-my-own-gui-library-17e7 | I built wordle for desktop but using my own GUI library! - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scriptor Posted on Jan 2 I built wordle for desktop but using my own GUI library! # opensource # showdev # testing # development Developing desktop GUIs in Python often involves frameworks that are either low-level or restrictive. To address this, I created PyUIKit , a open source project and a component-based Python GUI library built on top of CustomTkinter. Its goal is to provide a web-like, simple syntax for building GUIs efficiently. I'm trying to actively update PyUIkit, even though its not polished its usable. To test the library, I built a desktop Wordle clone , which helped identify current limitations and areas for improvement. Watch the Full Walkthrough If you wanna watch the full process of how I built it then watch this: Overview The desktop Wordle app includes: Six attempts to guess a five-letter word Random word selection from a list of 450+ words Color-coded tiles for feedback: green ✅, yellow ⚠️, gray ❌ Toast notifications for user feedback PyUIKit GUIs With PyUIKit, UI components are composed in a nested, web-like structure : from pyuikit import Body , Div , Input from pyuikit.components import Text , Button app = Body ( resizable = ( False , False ), height = 600 , width = 800 , title = ' Wordle ' ) Div ( height = 600 , width = 800 , bg_color = ' #121213 ' , children = [ Text ( text = " WORDLE " , font_size = 30 , color = " white " ), Div ( horizontal = True , nested = True , children = [ Input ( id = ' row1_col1 ' , width = 50 , height = 50 , multiline = True ), Button ( text = " Submit " , on_click = lambda : handlesubmit ( 1 )) ]) ] ) app . run () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Handling Wordle Logic def handlesubmit ( rownum ): letters = [ Input . get_input_text ( f ' row { rownum } _col { i + 1 } ' ) for i in range ( 5 )] # Two-pass check: green first, then yellow/gray # Toast feedback if correct or attempt used Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Limitations discovered Single-line Input components cannot have custom heights Font customization is limited Dynamic background color updates are not fully supported Future Improvements for PyUIKit Easier, more concise update functions Better Div layouts for flexible UI composition Improved input handling, styling, and responsiveness Conclusion This Wordle project served as a practical stress test to identify PyUIKit’s current limitations and guide its evolution. While PyUIKit may not yet compete with more mature GUI frameworks, it is under active development, and projects like this play a crucial role in uncovering weaknesses, refining APIs, and shaping future improvements. If you like the project please consider giving us a star on the github repo. PyUIKit links: PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/pyuikit/ Docs & Quickstart: https://github.com/Huzaifa-Atiq/PyUIkit/blob/main/README.md Github Repo: https://github.com/Huzaifa-Atiq/PyUIkit Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scriptor Follow Joined Dec 6, 2025 More from Scriptor The only python GUI library you will need in 2026... # webdev # programming # opensource # python I Just Shipped a Major Update to My Python GUI Library (PyUIkit) # webdev # programming # python # showdev HTML like simplicity in python GUIs is here! # python # programming # opensource # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://x.com/privacy#chapter1 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/t/coding | Coding - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Coding Follow Hide while (!(succeed = try())) Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing bingkahu bingkahu bingkahu Follow Jan 12 Seeking Peer Connections for CodeChat P2P Testing # watercooler # coding # github # gamedev Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Secret Life of JavaScript: Identity Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Follow Jan 13 The Secret Life of JavaScript: Identity # javascript # coding # programming # software 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Furthest Building You Can Reach: Coding Problem Explained Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Follow Jan 13 Furthest Building You Can Reach: Coding Problem Explained # coding # codingproblem # code # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read From Moths to Microservices: A Comprehensive History of Coding: Part 1 bingkahu bingkahu bingkahu Follow Jan 12 From Moths to Microservices: A Comprehensive History of Coding: Part 1 # discuss # programming # coding # software 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Day 5: C Strings: The Danger of the Null Terminator (\0) Ujjawal Chaudhary Ujjawal Chaudhary Ujjawal Chaudhary Follow Jan 12 Day 5: C Strings: The Danger of the Null Terminator (\0) # c # security # coding # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 1 min read I let four AI code reviewers fight over my PRs Adam Poulemanos Adam Poulemanos Adam Poulemanos Follow Jan 12 I let four AI code reviewers fight over my PRs # ai # vibecoding # coding # githubcopilot Comments Add Comment 6 min read Run `gh` Command in Claude Code on the Web Oikon Oikon Oikon Follow Jan 12 Run `gh` Command in Claude Code on the Web # claudecode # claude # ai # coding Comments Add Comment 4 min read [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 정렬(2) dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 12 [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 정렬(2) # programming # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 정렬(1) dbsans dbsans dbsans Follow Jan 12 [BOJ/C++] 단계별로 풀어보기 - 정렬(1) # programming # cpp # coding Comments Add Comment 5 min read Clean Code Is a Communication Tool, Not a Style Preference Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Follow Jan 12 Clean Code Is a Communication Tool, Not a Style Preference # programming # beginners # productivity # coding Comments Add Comment 1 min read From Copilot to Autonomous AI: The Evolution of AI-Assisted Programming Eva Clari Eva Clari Eva Clari Follow Jan 12 From Copilot to Autonomous AI: The Evolution of AI-Assisted Programming # programming # ai # coding # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read Clone MedTalk: HIPAA-Ready Video and Chat Consultations in Flutter Ekemini Samuel Ekemini Samuel Ekemini Samuel Follow Jan 12 Clone MedTalk: HIPAA-Ready Video and Chat Consultations in Flutter # flutter # tutorial # programming # coding 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 23 min read The Coderpunk Crown: Why Moti Barski Dethroned Terry Davis owly owly owly Follow Jan 12 The Coderpunk Crown: Why Moti Barski Dethroned Terry Davis # designpatterns # templeos # coding Comments Add Comment 4 min read Creating Spotlight Tutorials in Flutter: The Complete Guide to Selective Overlays Thanasis Traitsis Thanasis Traitsis Thanasis Traitsis Follow Jan 11 Creating Spotlight Tutorials in Flutter: The Complete Guide to Selective Overlays # flutter # dart # tutorial # coding Comments Add Comment 12 min read 😲 Your Face is the Playlist: Building an Emotion-Aware Android App Jatin Sisodia Jatin Sisodia Jatin Sisodia Follow Jan 11 😲 Your Face is the Playlist: Building an Emotion-Aware Android App # programming # android # machinelearning # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Built a Small HTTP Server in C to Understand How the Web Actually Works CodewithEVILXD CodewithEVILXD CodewithEVILXD Follow Jan 10 I Built a Small HTTP Server in C to Understand How the Web Actually Works # discuss # programming # coding Comments Add Comment 3 min read Complete Guide to Setting Up Claude Code Router with Qwen on macOS Hamza Khan Hamza Khan Hamza Khan Follow Jan 10 Complete Guide to Setting Up Claude Code Router with Qwen on macOS # claude # coding # ai # claudecode Comments Add Comment 3 min read Before Tesla and SpaceX, here Was Strategy Lokajna Lokajna Lokajna Follow Jan 11 Before Tesla and SpaceX, here Was Strategy # coding # elonmusk # tesla # moneymaking Comments Add Comment 3 min read “While Others Wait for VS Code to Load, I’m Already Coding in Ecode.” Lokajna Lokajna Lokajna Follow Jan 10 “While Others Wait for VS Code to Load, I’m Already Coding in Ecode.” # coding # vscode # opensource # privacy Comments Add Comment 3 min read Joomla View Logs component v.2.3.0 has been released! Sergey Tolkachyov Sergey Tolkachyov Sergey Tolkachyov Follow Jan 11 Joomla View Logs component v.2.3.0 has been released! # joomla # coding # php # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read When AI Is the Programmer, the Language Has to Change Mark Edmondson Mark Edmondson Mark Edmondson Follow Jan 9 When AI Is the Programmer, the Language Has to Change # ai # coding # programming # go Comments Add Comment 2 min read Bit Fields in C Explained: How They Work and Why They Matter Aman Prasad Aman Prasad Aman Prasad Follow Jan 10 Bit Fields in C Explained: How They Work and Why They Matter # discuss # programming # coding # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Inherent Logic III. Sui Gn Sui Gn Sui Gn Follow Jan 9 Inherent Logic III. # programming # opensource # coding # design Comments Add Comment 1 min read Dating Apps Didn’t Just Change Dating. They Changed How We Treat Each Other. ItsMadeByDani ItsMadeByDani ItsMadeByDani Follow Jan 11 Dating Apps Didn’t Just Change Dating. They Changed How We Treat Each Other. # dating # love # datingapps # coding Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Ralf Wiggum Breakdown Ibrahim Pima Ibrahim Pima Ibrahim Pima Follow Jan 9 The Ralf Wiggum Breakdown # agents # ai # automation # coding Comments Add Comment 12 min read loading... trending guides/resources The Secret Life of JavaScript: Understanding Closures China Just Released the First Coding AI of 2026 and Its Crushing Everything We Know The Weirdest Linux Distros That Shouldn’t Exist (But Absolutely Do) The Secret Life of JavaScript: Let, Const, and Why Variables Are Complicated The Secret Life of JavaScript: Currying vs. Partial Application Guide to AI Coding Agents & Assistants: How to Choose the Right AI Tool The Ralf Wiggum Breakdown The Secret Life of JavaScript: Understanding 'this' The Secret Life of JavaScript: Understanding Prototypes My Experience with Google Antigravity: How I Refactored Easy Kit Utils with AI Agents 🚀 Am I still a real developer if AI writes half my code? 9 Developer Productivity Tools You Wish You Knew Sooner 🔥🧑💻 10 Best Coding Interview Practice Tools for 2026 🔥 Vibe Coding 🌟 With Google Antigravity Inside Common Crawl: The Dataset Behind AI Models (and Its Real World Limits) Angular 21 Released: What’s New & Developer Guide Zed: The Editor I Wish I Liked GLM-4.7 Now on SiliconFlow: Advanced Coding, Reasoning & Tool Use Capabilities Building a Polymarket-Style Prediction Engine with RisingWave How to Learn Coding in 2026: A Practical Guide That Actually Works 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/testing/page/75#main-content | Testing Page 75 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Why CoTester Stands Out as the Most Efficient AI Testing Agent Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Feb 13 '25 Why CoTester Stands Out as the Most Efficient AI Testing Agent # ai # testing # webdev # cotester Comments Add Comment 4 min read Automating QA: A Manual Tester's Journey Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Follow for Cypress Mar 18 '25 Automating QA: A Manual Tester's Journey # testing # cypress # qa # automationqa 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Master Mobile Web Testing with Playwright: A Beginner’s Guide artshllaku artshllaku artshllaku Follow Mar 19 '25 Master Mobile Web Testing with Playwright: A Beginner’s Guide # playwright # testing # frontend # mobile 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Mocks Fail: Real-Environment Testing for Microservices Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Feb 17 '25 Why Mocks Fail: Real-Environment Testing for Microservices # microservices # testing # devops # shiftleft 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Handling Visibility in Playwright: getByText vs. getByRole Debbie O'Brien Debbie O'Brien Debbie O'Brien Follow for Playwright end to end Testing Mar 18 '25 Handling Visibility in Playwright: getByText vs. getByRole # playwright # testing # webdev 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read 2025 Integration Testing Handbook: Techniques, Tools, and Trends Torin Vale Torin Vale Torin Vale Follow Mar 7 '25 2025 Integration Testing Handbook: Techniques, Tools, and Trends # testing # webdev # mobile # ai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read The Economics of Testing: Why the Shape of Your Test Pyramid Matters Łukasz Łepecki Łukasz Łepecki Łukasz Łepecki Follow Mar 18 '25 The Economics of Testing: Why the Shape of Your Test Pyramid Matters # testing # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read Smart Test Execution in Cypress: Dynamically Control Test Execution S Chathuranga Jayasinghe S Chathuranga Jayasinghe S Chathuranga Jayasinghe Follow for Cypress Mar 18 '25 Smart Test Execution in Cypress: Dynamically Control Test Execution # cypress # testautomation # qualityengineering # testing 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read U.S. Bottling Manufacturer Testing Successes Qyrus Qyrus Qyrus Follow Feb 12 '25 U.S. Bottling Manufacturer Testing Successes # webdev # testing # software # automation Comments Add Comment 3 min read 5 ways to automatically make your automated tests awesome MY.GAMES MY.GAMES MY.GAMES Follow Feb 12 '25 5 ways to automatically make your automated tests awesome # gamedev # automation # testing # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Node.js E2E Testing with Cypress: A Comprehensive Setup Guide Sivantha Paranavithana Sivantha Paranavithana Sivantha Paranavithana Follow Feb 12 '25 Node.js E2E Testing with Cypress: A Comprehensive Setup Guide # node # cypress # testing # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read QA Automation: A CTO’s Perspective on Strategy, Trends, and Best Practices YamShalBar YamShalBar YamShalBar Follow Feb 12 '25 QA Automation: A CTO’s Perspective on Strategy, Trends, and Best Practices # softwareengineering # webdev # testing # performance Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚀 10 Best Free API Testing Tools You Should Use in 2025 DCT Technology Pvt. Ltd. DCT Technology Pvt. Ltd. DCT Technology Pvt. Ltd. Follow Mar 18 '25 🚀 10 Best Free API Testing Tools You Should Use in 2025 # api # testing # webdev # freetools 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How Does EAA Affect Banking Services? Jennifer Smith Jennifer Smith Jennifer Smith Follow Feb 12 '25 How Does EAA Affect Banking Services? # testing # webdev # mobile # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Setting up your first frontend Unit Tests workflow with GitHub + React + CodeBeaver Vittorio Banfi Vittorio Banfi Vittorio Banfi Follow Feb 12 '25 Setting up your first frontend Unit Tests workflow with GitHub + React + CodeBeaver # react # typescript # testing # tutorial Comments Add Comment 12 min read Playwright for React Devs: A Complete Guide with API Testing Debajit Mallick Debajit Mallick Debajit Mallick Follow Mar 17 '25 Playwright for React Devs: A Complete Guide with API Testing # testing # playwright # react # frontend 5 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Integration Tests using Cypress Next.js and Prisma Artur Aliakseyeu Artur Aliakseyeu Artur Aliakseyeu Follow Mar 17 '25 Integration Tests using Cypress Next.js and Prisma # javascript # cypress # tutorial # testing Comments Add Comment 7 min read Vitest + React Testing Library for Remix & React Router v7 (with TypeScript): A Complete Setup Guide Sujal Sujal Sujal Follow Mar 17 '25 Vitest + React Testing Library for Remix & React Router v7 (with TypeScript): A Complete Setup Guide # remix # testing # react # vitest 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Code Kata: The Art of Code Thodoris Kouleris Thodoris Kouleris Thodoris Kouleris Follow Mar 17 '25 Code Kata: The Art of Code # programming # tdd # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read Microservice Integration Testing a Pain? Try Shadow Testing Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Mar 17 '25 Microservice Integration Testing a Pain? Try Shadow Testing # testing # microservices # devops # backend 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why every CTO needs AI-powered testing for better software and business growth Morris Morris Morris Follow Mar 17 '25 Why every CTO needs AI-powered testing for better software and business growth # testing # ai # aitestingtools # cotester 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Understanding Software Testing: A Guide by Picco Talent Developers Manav Bhatia Manav Bhatia Manav Bhatia Follow Feb 11 '25 Understanding Software Testing: A Guide by Picco Talent Developers # software # testing # piccotalent 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read My Experience with Cypress’s UI Coverage: Transforming Test Coverage Lasitha Wijenayake Lasitha Wijenayake Lasitha Wijenayake Follow for Cypress Feb 12 '25 My Experience with Cypress’s UI Coverage: Transforming Test Coverage # cypress # testautomation # testing 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read SOFTWARE TESTING Sujatha R Sujatha R Sujatha R Follow Feb 11 '25 SOFTWARE TESTING # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Melhores práticas para criação e automação de testes E2E Tarcisio C. Uchoa Tarcisio C. Uchoa Tarcisio C. Uchoa Follow Feb 10 '25 Melhores práticas para criação e automação de testes E2E # e2e # testing # automation # playwright Comments Add Comment 8 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Follow User actions Design YouTube 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Jul 11, 2025 More info about @design_youtube Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 4433 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Bring Your Own Laptop: Davinci Essentials Course Launch Party! Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Jan 13 Bring Your Own Laptop: Davinci Essentials Course Launch Party! # design # tools # recommendations # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read Bring Your Own Laptop: Elevate Your Designs with Motion (After Effects Tips for Designers) Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Jan 11 Bring Your Own Laptop: Elevate Your Designs with Motion (After Effects Tips for Designers) # design # tools # recommendations # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read Jesse Showalter: Beginners Guide to Freelancing Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Jan 8 Jesse Showalter: Beginners Guide to Freelancing # recommendations # resources # sideprojects # career Comments Add Comment 1 min read Gareth David Studio: Add STUNNING Object Effects in InDesign Like a Pro! | Design Tutorial | Adobe InDesign Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Jan 8 Gareth David Studio: Add STUNNING Object Effects in InDesign Like a Pro! | Design Tutorial | Adobe InDesign # design # tools # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read Bring Your Own Laptop: 5 Essential After Effects Techniques Every Designer Should Know Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Jan 7 Bring Your Own Laptop: 5 Essential After Effects Techniques Every Designer Should Know # design # tools # resources # recommendations Comments Add Comment 1 min read Jesse Showalter: Have you tried Framer Masonry Grids?!?! 🤠 Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Jan 5 Jesse Showalter: Have you tried Framer Masonry Grids?!?! 🤠 # design # webdesign # tools # portfolio Comments Add Comment 1 min read Adobe Creative Cloud: Find Your Creative Rhythm with Adobe Creative Cloud Pro | Adobe Creative Cloud Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Dec 19 '25 Adobe Creative Cloud: Find Your Creative Rhythm with Adobe Creative Cloud Pro | Adobe Creative Cloud # design # tools # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read Adobe Creative Cloud: How to Create Cinematic YouTube Intros FAST Using Adobe Stock in Premiere Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Dec 18 '25 Adobe Creative Cloud: How to Create Cinematic YouTube Intros FAST Using Adobe Stock in Premiere # design # tools # recommendations # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read Adobe Creative Cloud: Create Festive Seasonal Content with Adobe Stock Assets Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Dec 18 '25 Adobe Creative Cloud: Create Festive Seasonal Content with Adobe Stock Assets # design # tools # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read Bring Your Own Laptop: The Ultimate Adobe Illustrator Tips & Tricks Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Dec 18 '25 Bring Your Own Laptop: The Ultimate Adobe Illustrator Tips & Tricks # design # tools # resources # recommendations Comments Add Comment 1 min read Gareth David Studio: Create CLEANER Index Menus by PERFECTING Your Text Spacing! | Design Tutorial | Adobe InDesign Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Dec 15 '25 Gareth David Studio: Create CLEANER Index Menus by PERFECTING Your Text Spacing! | Design Tutorial | Adobe InDesign # design # tools # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read Jesse Showalter: Problems We Solved for a Real Client Design YouTube Design YouTube Design YouTube Follow Dec 12 '25 Jesse Showalter: Problems We Solved for a Real Client # design # webdesign # portfolio # tools Comments Add Comment 1 min read Bring Your Own Laptop: Affinity is Free. 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https://dev.to/scriptor | Scriptor - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Scriptor 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Dec 6, 2025 github website More info about @scriptor Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 5 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 9 tags followed The only python GUI library you will need in 2026... Scriptor Scriptor Scriptor Follow Jan 9 The only python GUI library you will need in 2026... # webdev # programming # opensource # python Comments Add Comment 1 min read Want to connect with Scriptor? Create an account to connect with Scriptor. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in I built wordle for desktop but using my own GUI library! Scriptor Scriptor Scriptor Follow Jan 2 I built wordle for desktop but using my own GUI library! # showdev # opensource # testing # development Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Just Shipped a Major Update to My Python GUI Library (PyUIkit) Scriptor Scriptor Scriptor Follow Dec 13 '25 I Just Shipped a Major Update to My Python GUI Library (PyUIkit) # showdev # webdev # programming # python Comments Add Comment 2 min read HTML like simplicity in python GUIs is here! Scriptor Scriptor Scriptor Follow Dec 6 '25 HTML like simplicity in python GUIs is here! # python # programming # opensource # webdev 3 reactions Comments 3 comments 1 min read Tired of old, clunky GUI libraries? Try PyUIkit 1.0.0 🚀 Scriptor Scriptor Scriptor Follow Dec 6 '25 Tired of old, clunky GUI libraries? Try PyUIkit 1.0.0 🚀 # python # pythonlibraries # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # privacy Follow Hide Create Post Older #privacy posts 1 2 3 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condé Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders Ed Ed Ed Follow Dec 28 '25 33 Million Accounts Exposed: What the Condé Nast Breach Teaches Engineering Leaders # leadership # privacy # security Comments Add Comment 5 min read Oasis for Developers: an underrated EVM for privacy-first dApps Zerod0wn Gaming Zerod0wn Gaming Zerod0wn Gaming Follow Jan 11 Oasis for Developers: an underrated EVM for privacy-first dApps # solidity # cryptocurrency # blockchain # privacy 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 1 min read How to Quickly Diagnose Network Issues Using Browser-Based Tools myip casa myip casa myip casa Follow Dec 27 '25 How to Quickly Diagnose Network Issues Using Browser-Based Tools # security # webdev # privacy # networking Comments Add Comment 3 min read Is This the Most Private Way to Track Your Life? Dashboard of Life. techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 27 '25 Is This the Most Private Way to Track Your Life? Dashboard of Life. # showdev # tooling # privacy # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Follow Dec 29 '25 I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks # showdev # webdev # javascript # privacy 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Is Your AI Agent a Compliance Risk? How to Find Violations Hidden in Traces shashank agarwal shashank agarwal shashank agarwal Follow Dec 26 '25 Is Your AI Agent a Compliance Risk? How to Find Violations Hidden in Traces # privacy # agents # security # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop Uploading Your Thoughts: A 100% Private, Local-First Sticky Notes Browser Tool techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 26 '25 Stop Uploading Your Thoughts: A 100% Private, Local-First Sticky Notes Browser Tool # showdev # privacy # webdev # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Decentralized Finance's Biggest Vulnerability: Why Private Key Management Can't Stay Private sid sid sid Follow Dec 25 '25 Decentralized Finance's Biggest Vulnerability: Why Private Key Management Can't Stay Private # privacy # web3 # blockchain # security 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 4 min read Launched: Pain Tracker v1.0.0 (Open Source, Local-First, Trauma-Informed) CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems CrisisCore-Systems Follow Dec 25 '25 Launched: Pain Tracker v1.0.0 (Open Source, Local-First, Trauma-Informed) # showdev # opensource # react # privacy Comments Add Comment 2 min read Recreate Physical Calendar Notes Digitally — With Absolute Privacy techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 25 '25 Recreate Physical Calendar Notes Digitally — With Absolute Privacy # showdev # productivity # privacy # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Demetria Darjean Follow Dec 24 '25 I Built a Privacy-First Currency Converter in 2 Weeks # showdev # webdev # javascript # privacy Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why I Built a Client-Side Alternative to Common Dev Tools Sam T Sam T Sam T Follow Dec 29 '25 Why I Built a Client-Side Alternative to Common Dev Tools # showdev # webdev # privacy # productivity Comments 1 comment 2 min read Verifiable Compute for Onchain Prop Trading: How Carrotfunding Uses ROFL Manav Manav Manav Follow Dec 25 '25 Verifiable Compute for Onchain Prop Trading: How Carrotfunding Uses ROFL # web3 # blockchain # privacy # proptrading 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read x402: Turning HTTP 402 into a Real Payment Primitive Manav Manav Manav Follow Dec 25 '25 x402: Turning HTTP 402 into a Real Payment Primitive # privacy # blockchain # web3 # http 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read Why Oasis Is Backing Custody-Native Credit Infrastructure Manav Manav Manav Follow Dec 25 '25 Why Oasis Is Backing Custody-Native Credit Infrastructure # privacy # web3 # blockchain # infrastructure 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Follow Dec 28 '25 Federated Learning or Bust: Architecting Privacy-First Health AI # machinelearning # architecture # privacy # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read No Complex Regular Expressions Required: The New SLS Data Masking Function Makes Privacy Protection Simpler and More Efficient ObservabilityGuy ObservabilityGuy ObservabilityGuy Follow Dec 24 '25 No Complex Regular Expressions Required: The New SLS Data Masking Function Makes Privacy Protection Simpler and More Efficient # data # privacy # tooling # cybersecurity Comments Add Comment 7 min read I built a "Privacy Firewall" for ChatGPT using Next.js 15 & WebAssembly (100% Offline) Arpit Singhal Arpit Singhal Arpit Singhal Follow Dec 23 '25 I built a "Privacy Firewall" for ChatGPT using Next.js 15 & WebAssembly (100% Offline) # showdev # nextjs # privacy # webdev 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Midnight — The 4th-Generation Privacy Blockchain Bringing "Rational Privacy" to Developers | Introducing midnightexplorer.com Midnight Network Challenge: Enhance the Ecosystem Minh Le Dinh Minh Le Dinh Minh Le Dinh Follow Dec 29 '25 Midnight — The 4th-Generation Privacy Blockchain Bringing "Rational Privacy" to Developers | Introducing midnightexplorer.com # midnightchallenge # zk # privacy 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Tokenomics' Hidden Flaw: Why Economic Models Need Privacy to Prevent Manipulation sid sid sid Follow Dec 25 '25 Tokenomics' Hidden Flaw: Why Economic Models Need Privacy to Prevent Manipulation # privacy # web3 # blockchain # security 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 5 min read Healthcare Data Breaches Have Become Cost Centers, Not Emergencies ZB25 ZB25 ZB25 Follow Dec 24 '25 Healthcare Data Breaches Have Become Cost Centers, Not Emergencies # cybersecurity # healthcare # databreach # privacy Comments Add Comment 6 min read Is it possible to create powerful 3D photo animations with only browser tools and client-side processing? techno kraft techno kraft techno kraft Follow Dec 23 '25 Is it possible to create powerful 3D photo animations with only browser tools and client-side processing? # showdev # animation # privacy # webtools 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Ephemeral Signal Ethics Manifesto Nnamdi Okpala Nnamdi Okpala Nnamdi Okpala Follow Dec 26 '25 The Ephemeral Signal Ethics Manifesto # discuss # privacy # architecture # security Comments Add Comment 2 min read Explaining What Happens On-Chain vs Off-Chain Marycynthia Ihemebiwo Marycynthia Ihemebiwo Marycynthia Ihemebiwo Follow Dec 22 '25 Explaining What Happens On-Chain vs Off-Chain # privacy # opensource # blockchain # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read Adding a Missing Example for Privacy Controls Kalu Jennifer Kalu Jennifer Kalu Jennifer Follow Dec 21 '25 Adding a Missing Example for Privacy Controls # privacy # web3 # documentation # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Flutter Follow Hide An open source framework by Google for building beautiful, natively compiled, multi-platform applications from a single codebase. Create Post about #flutter This tag is dedicated to posts related to Flutter, fell free! Older #flutter posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 191 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Features I Killed to Ship The 80 Percent App in 4 Weeks Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 12 The Features I Killed to Ship The 80 Percent App in 4 Weeks # flutter # softwareengineering # devops # learning Comments Add Comment 4 min read Clone MedTalk: HIPAA-Ready Video and Chat Consultations in Flutter Ekemini Samuel Ekemini Samuel Ekemini Samuel Follow Jan 12 Clone MedTalk: HIPAA-Ready Video and Chat Consultations in Flutter # flutter # tutorial # programming # coding 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 23 min read Flutter ECS: Mastering Async Operations and Complex Workflows Dr. E Dr. E Dr. E Follow Jan 11 Flutter ECS: Mastering Async Operations and Complex Workflows # flutter # dart # programming # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read Creating Spotlight Tutorials in Flutter: The Complete Guide to Selective Overlays Thanasis Traitsis Thanasis Traitsis Thanasis Traitsis Follow Jan 11 Creating Spotlight Tutorials in Flutter: The Complete Guide to Selective Overlays # flutter # dart # tutorial # coding Comments Add Comment 12 min read Release Week From Hell: Clean code + automation for shipping Flutter apps Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Anindya Obi Follow Jan 9 Release Week From Hell: Clean code + automation for shipping Flutter apps # flutter # dart # android # ios Comments Add Comment 3 min read Build a Robust Offline-First Flutter App with BLoC, Dio, and Sqflite ghamdan ghamdan ghamdan Follow Jan 10 Build a Robust Offline-First Flutter App with BLoC, Dio, and Sqflite # flutter # dart # mobile # tutorial Comments Add Comment 7 min read I Built a Privacy-First Note-Taking App with Flutter — Here's What I Learned PRANTA Dutta PRANTA Dutta PRANTA Dutta Follow Jan 9 I Built a Privacy-First Note-Taking App with Flutter — Here's What I Learned # flutter # dart # mobile # privacy Comments Add Comment 4 min read FlutterFlow's AI Future is DreamFlow. Its AI Present is This. Stuart Stuart Stuart Follow Jan 9 FlutterFlow's AI Future is DreamFlow. Its AI Present is This. # ai # flutter # dart # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Add Comments to a Flutter App Without a Backend Joris Obert Joris Obert Joris Obert Follow Jan 8 How to Add Comments to a Flutter App Without a Backend # flutter # dart # mobile # saas Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI-Native Apps: Vertex AI and Flutter Integration Nick Peterson Nick Peterson Nick Peterson Follow Jan 6 AI-Native Apps: Vertex AI and Flutter Integration # ai # flutter # backend # fullstack Comments Add Comment 6 min read Flutter package for advanced canvas editing opensource Vladislav Enev Vladislav Enev Vladislav Enev Follow Jan 10 Flutter package for advanced canvas editing opensource # programming # flutter # opensource # dart Comments Add Comment 1 min read Build a Flutter Live Streaming App Using ZEGOCLOUD (Like Chat & Video Call Apps) Hazem Hamdy Hazem Hamdy Hazem Hamdy Follow Jan 4 Build a Flutter Live Streaming App Using ZEGOCLOUD (Like Chat & Video Call Apps) # flutter # zegocloud # livestreaming # webdev Comments Add Comment 12 min read Solving the UI Customization Nightmare in Flutter Enterprise Apps Tejas Tejas Tejas Follow Jan 2 Solving the UI Customization Nightmare in Flutter Enterprise Apps # appdev # flutter # dart # architecture 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read 5 Flutter Architecture Mistakes That Only Appeared After Release Abdul Wahab Abdul Wahab Abdul Wahab Follow Jan 1 5 Flutter Architecture Mistakes That Only Appeared After Release # flutter # architecture # productivity # startup Comments Add Comment 3 min read building Drosk - your smart desktop file organizer exoad exoad exoad Follow Jan 6 building Drosk - your smart desktop file organizer # showdev # flutter # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Implement Onboarding Mascots in Flutter with Rive Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Follow Dec 31 '25 How to Implement Onboarding Mascots in Flutter with Rive # flutter # dart # rive # riveanimation Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Duolingo-Style Character Animations Are Built in Rive And How Product Teams Integrate Them into Mobile Apps Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Follow Dec 31 '25 How Duolingo-Style Character Animations Are Built in Rive And How Product Teams Integrate Them into Mobile Apps # duoling # riveanimation # flutter # mobileapp Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Built an AI Boardroom App in 8 Hours with Flutter & AI 🚀 (Open Source) Sayed Ali Alkamel Sayed Ali Alkamel Sayed Ali Alkamel Follow Jan 5 I Built an AI Boardroom App in 8 Hours with Flutter & AI 🚀 (Open Source) # flutter # dart # ai # mobile 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Flutter Development Basics - Getting Started dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 Flutter Development Basics - Getting Started # mobile # common # flutter # dart Comments Add Comment 1 min read How Much Does Custom Mascot Animation Cost? Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Praneeth Kawya Thathsara Follow Dec 31 '25 How Much Does Custom Mascot Animation Cost? # riveanimation # mascotanimation # animation # flutter Comments Add Comment 4 min read Flutter SaaS Starter Kit — Launch a SaaS MVP in Days Mehmet Çelik Mehmet Çelik Mehmet Çelik Follow Dec 30 '25 Flutter SaaS Starter Kit — Launch a SaaS MVP in Days # saas # startup # tooling # flutter Comments Add Comment 1 min read Flutter vs React Native: Choosing the Right Cross-Platform Framework Emma Trump Emma Trump Emma Trump Follow Dec 29 '25 Flutter vs React Native: Choosing the Right Cross-Platform Framework # flutter # mobile # reactnative Comments Add Comment 3 min read My First Open Source Project: Bringing Flutter Layouts to React Nishan Bhuinya Nishan Bhuinya Nishan Bhuinya Follow Dec 28 '25 My First Open Source Project: Bringing Flutter Layouts to React # react # opensource # flutter # webdev 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Developer's Guide to Actually Private Apps: No Cloud, No Analytics, No Tracking Karol Burdziński Karol Burdziński Karol Burdziński Follow Dec 28 '25 The Developer's Guide to Actually Private Apps: No Cloud, No Analytics, No Tracking # security # privacy # mobile # flutter 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 19 min read 8 Places Where Flutter / React Native Save You Weeks Dev. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Testing Follow Hide Find those bugs before your users do! 🐛 Create Post Older #testing posts 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu [Part 1]Setting Up Your Python Environment for Test Automation TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 21 '25 [Part 1]Setting Up Your Python Environment for Test Automation # python # selenium # automation # testing Comments Add Comment 3 min read [Part 4]Data Structures in Python: Organizing Test Data Effectively TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 21 '25 [Part 4]Data Structures in Python: Organizing Test Data Effectively # python # selenium # automation # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Part 3]Control Flow and Decision Making in Python for QA Scripts TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 21 '25 [Part 3]Control Flow and Decision Making in Python for QA Scripts # python # selenium # automation # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building useDebugLogger – A Custom React Hook to Log Component and Method Execution Time Yassine K. Yassine K. Yassine K. Follow Mar 21 '25 Building useDebugLogger – A Custom React Hook to Log Component and Method Execution Time # react # testing # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read [Part 2]TypeScript Fundamentals – Syntax, Data Types, and Operators for QA TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 2]TypeScript Fundamentals – Syntax, Data Types, and Operators for QA # typescript # testing # automation # playwright Comments Add Comment 3 min read The future of manual testing in the age of AI Bala Kumar Bala Kumar Bala Kumar Follow Feb 14 '25 The future of manual testing in the age of AI # manualtesting # testing Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to run test with coverage with html dashboard Manish Chaudhary Manish Chaudhary Manish Chaudhary Follow Mar 20 '25 How to run test with coverage with html dashboard # testing # php # laravel Comments Add Comment 1 min read A Detailed Mobile App Accessibility Testing Checklist Nazneenahmad Nazneenahmad Nazneenahmad Follow Mar 20 '25 A Detailed Mobile App Accessibility Testing Checklist # mobile # accessibilitytesting # testing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read [Part 6]Error Handling and Exception Handling in JavaScript for Robustness TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 6]Error Handling and Exception Handling in JavaScript for Robustness # javascript # testing # automaton # playwright Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Part 8]Introduction to TypeScript for Playwright – Preparation for UI Automation TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 8]Introduction to TypeScript for Playwright – Preparation for UI Automation # typescript # playwright # testing # automation Comments Add Comment 3 min read [Part 8]Introduction to JavaScript for Selenium – Preparation for UI Automation TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 8]Introduction to JavaScript for Selenium – Preparation for UI Automation # javascript # testing # automaton # playwright Comments Add Comment 3 min read [Part 6]Error Handling and Exception Handling in TypeScript for Robustness TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 6]Error Handling and Exception Handling in TypeScript for Robustness # typescript # testing # coding # playwright Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Part 1]Setting Up Your TypeScript Environment for Test Automation TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 1]Setting Up Your TypeScript Environment for Test Automation # typescript # programming # testing # playwright Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Part 2]JavaScript Fundamentals – Syntax, Data Types, and Operators for QA TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 2]JavaScript Fundamentals – Syntax, Data Types, and Operators for QA # javascript # testing # automation # playwright Comments 1 comment 3 min read [Part 7]File I/O and Data Persistence in JavaScript for QA Automation TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 7]File I/O and Data Persistence in JavaScript for QA Automation # javascript # testing # automaton # playwright Comments Add Comment 3 min read [Part 5]Functions and Modules – Writing Reusable and Modular JavaScript QA Code TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 5]Functions and Modules – Writing Reusable and Modular JavaScript QA Code # javascript # testing # automaton # playwright Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Part 4]Data Structures in JavaScript – Organizing Test Data Effectively TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 4]Data Structures in JavaScript – Organizing Test Data Effectively # javascript # testing # automaton # playwright Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Part 1]Setting Up Your JavaScript Environment for Test Automation TestAmplify TestAmplify TestAmplify Follow Mar 20 '25 [Part 1]Setting Up Your JavaScript Environment for Test Automation # javascript # testing # automation # playwright Comments Add Comment 2 min read Moderated vs Unmoderated Usability Testing: Which is Better? Lollypop Design Lollypop Design Lollypop Design Follow Feb 14 '25 Moderated vs Unmoderated Usability Testing: Which is Better? # testing # ux # design 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read How To Fix the import.meta.env Error in a Vite + Jest Setup Zubair Hossain Zubair Hossain Zubair Hossain Follow Mar 20 '25 How To Fix the import.meta.env Error in a Vite + Jest Setup # react # vite # jest # testing 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read 🧪 React Testing: Tips That Actually Work Diego Carreira de França Diego Carreira de França Diego Carreira de França Follow Mar 19 '25 🧪 React Testing: Tips That Actually Work # react # testing # jest # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Speeding up tests by partitioning Aditya Mitra Aditya Mitra Aditya Mitra Follow Mar 19 '25 Speeding up tests by partitioning # testing # devops # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Test Automation Strategy: A Practical Approach to Scalable and Reliable Testing Torin Vale Torin Vale Torin Vale Follow Mar 18 '25 Test Automation Strategy: A Practical Approach to Scalable and Reliable Testing # testing # ai # webdev # programming 28 reactions Comments 2 comments 8 min read Why CoTester Stands Out as the Most Efficient AI Testing Agent Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Shubham Joshi Follow Feb 13 '25 Why CoTester Stands Out as the Most Efficient AI Testing Agent # ai # testing # webdev # cotester Comments Add Comment 4 min read Automating QA: A Manual Tester's Journey Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Paul Astorga Follow for Cypress Mar 18 '25 Automating QA: A Manual Tester's Journey # testing # cypress # qa # automationqa 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://x.com/privacy#chapter8 | X Privacy Policy Skip to main content Privacy Policy <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414L15.086 12l-6.793 6.793c-.39.39-.39 1.023 0 1.414.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-arrow-left="<svg width="28px" height="28px" viewbox="0 0 28 28" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon u01b__icon-arrow-left"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round"> <g transform="translate(-1216.000000, -298.000000)" stroke-width="2.25"> <g transform="translate(1200.000000, 282.000000)"> <g transform="translate(17.000000, 17.000000)"> <path d="M0.756410256,12.8589744 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,25.3397436 L25.7179487,12.8589744"></path> <path d="M13.2371795,12.4807692 L25.3397436,0.378205128" transform="translate(19.288462, 6.429487) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-19.288462, -6.429487) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-down="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M20.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0L12 13.836 5.207 7.043c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 0s-.39 1.023 0 1.414l7.5 7.5c.195.195.45.293.707.293s.512-.098.707-.293l7.5-7.5c.39-.39.39-1.023 0-1.414z" /> </svg>" data-icon-close="<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 24 24" style="enable-background:new 0 0 24 24;" xml:space="preserve" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon--md"> <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M22.06 19.94l-3.73-3.73C19.38 14.737 20 12.942 20 11c0-4.97-4.03-9-9-9s-9 4.03-9 9 4.03 9 9 9c1.943 0 3.738-.622 5.21-1.67l3.73 3.73c.292.294.676.44 1.06.44s.768-.146 1.06-.44c.586-.585.586-1.535 0-2.12zM11 17c-3.308 0-6-2.692-6-6s2.692-6 6-6 6 2.692 6 6-2.692 6-6 6z" /> </svg>" data-icon-search-submit="<svg width="21" height="21" viewbox="0 0 21 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.33 14.21L20.06 17.94C20.646 18.525 20.646 19.475 20.06 20.06C19.768 20.354 19.384 20.5 19 20.5C18.616 20.5 18.232 20.354 17.94 20.06L14.21 16.33C12.738 17.378 10.943 18 9 18C4.03 18 0 13.97 0 9C0 4.03 4.03 0 9 0C13.97 0 18 4.03 18 9C18 10.942 17.38 12.737 16.33 14.21ZM3 9C3 12.308 5.692 15 9 15C12.308 15 15 12.308 15 9C15 5.692 12.308 3 9 3C5.692 3 3 5.692 3 9Z" fill="white" /> </svg>" data-bg-color="white-neutral" data-root-page-title="Privacy Policy" data-search-placeholder="Search" data-search-query-key="q" data-search-query-type="?" data-scribe-element="1BJ8" data-scribe-section="u01b-navigation" data-cta-enabled="true" data-cta-text="Download PDF" data-cta-link=" https://cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/legal-twitter/site-assets/privacy-policy-2025-07-28/en/x-privacy-policy-2025-07-28.pdf" data-cta-link-new-tab="true"> X Privacy Policy We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. This version of the Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. Until then, the current Privacy Policy continues to apply. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights And Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a Professional Account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job applications / recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about you and/or your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad partners, developers, and publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other third parties, account connections, and integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personalize our products and services so that you have a better experience on X, including by showing you more relevant content and ads, suggesting people and topics to follow, enabling and helping you discover affiliates , third-party apps, and services. We may use the information we collect and publicly available information to help train our machine learning or artificial intelligence models for the purposes outlined in this policy. We may use the information we collect from accounts of other services that you choose to connect to your X account to provide you features like cross-posting or cross-service authentication, and to operate our services. We use your contact information to help others find your account if your settings permit, including through third-party services and client applications. We use your information to provide our advertising and sponsored content services subject to your settings , which helps make ads on X more relevant to you. We also use this information to measure the effectiveness of ads and to help recognize your devices to serve you ads on and off of X. Some of our ad partners also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you, as described elsewhere in our Privacy Policy. 2.2 Foster safety and security. We use information we collect to provide for the safety and security of our users, our products, services, and your account. This includes verifying your identity, authenticating your account, estimating or verifying your age as may be required under law, and defending against fraud, unauthorized use, and illegal activity. We also use the information to evaluate and affect the safety and quality of content on X - this includes investigating and enforcing our policies and terms, as well as applicable law. 2.3 Measure, analyze and make our services better. We use the information we collect to measure and analyze the effectiveness of our products and services and to better understand how you use them in order to make them better. 2.4 Communicate with you about our services. We use the information we collect to communicate with you about our products and services, including about product updates and changes to our policies and terms. If you’re open to hearing from us, we may also send you marketing messages from time to time. 2.5 Research. We use information you share with us, or that we collect to conduct research, surveys, product testing, and troubleshooting to help us operate and improve our products and services. 3. Sharing Information You should know the ways we share your information, why we share it, and how you can control it. There are five general ways we share your information. 3.1 When you post and share. With the general public . You are directing us to disclose that information as broadly as possible. X content, including your profile information (e.g., name/pseudonym, username, profile pictures), is available for viewing by the general public. The public does not need to be signed in to view some content on X. They may also find X content off of X: for example, from search query results on Internet search engines or videos downloaded and reshared elsewhere (depending on your settings ). With other X users. Depending on your settings , and based on the X products and services you use, we share: Your interactions with X content of other users, such as replies, and people you follow. Content you send to a specific X user, such as through Direct Messages . Please keep in mind that if you’ve shared information like Direct Messages or protected posts with someone else who accesses X through a third-party service, the information may be shared with the third-party service. With partners. Depending on your settings , we also provide certain third parties with information to help us offer or operate our products and services. You can learn more about these partnerships in our Help Center . You can control whether X shares your personal information with these partners by using the “Data sharing with business partners” option in your Privacy and Safety settings . (This setting does not control sharing described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy, such as when we share information with our service providers, or through partnerships other than as described in this Help Center article.) 3.2 With third parties and third-party integrations. With service providers. We may share your information with our service providers that perform functions and provide services on our behalf, including payment services providers who facilitate payments; service providers that host our various blogs and wikis; service providers that help us understand the use of our services; applicant tracking system providers to send and receive applicant and job data to potential employers; service providers supporting age assurance solutions; and those that provide fraud detection services. With advertisers. Advertising revenue enables us to provide our products and services. Advertisers may learn information from your engagement with their ads on or off X. For example, if you click on an external link or ad on our services, that advertiser or website operator might figure out that you came from X, along with other information associated with the ad you clicked, such as characteristics of the audience it was intended to reach and other X-generated identifiers for that ad. They may also collect other personal information from you, such as cookie identifiers, or your IP address. Third-party content and integrations. We share or disclose your information with your consent or at your direction, such as when you authorize a third-party web client or application to access your account or when you direct us to share your feedback with a business. Similarly, to improve your experience, we work with third-party partners to display their video content on X or to allow cross-platform sharing. When you watch or otherwise interact with content from our video or cross-platform sharing partners, they may receive and process your personal information as described in their privacy policies. For video content, you can adjust your autoplay settings if you prefer that content not to play automatically. Third-party collaborators. Depending on your settings , or if you decide to share your data, we may share or disclose your information with third parties. If you do not opt out, in some instances the recipients of the information may use it for their own independent purposes in addition to those stated in X’s Privacy Policy, including, for example, to train their artificial intelligence models, whether generative or otherwise. Through our APIs. We use technology like APIs and embeds to make public X information available to websites, apps, and others for their use, for example, displaying posts on a news website or analyzing what people say on X. We generally make this content available in limited quantities for free and charge licensing fees for large-scale access. We have standard terms that govern how this information can be used, and a compliance program to enforce these terms. But these individuals and companies are not affiliated with X, and their offerings may not reflect updates you make on X. For more information about how we make public data on X available to the world, visit https://developer.x.com . 3.3 When required by law, to prevent harm, or in the public interest. We may preserve, use, share, or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to: comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request ; protect the safety of any person, protect the safety or integrity of our platform, including to help prevent spam, abuse, or malicious actors on our services; explain why we have removed content or accounts from our services (e.g., for a violation of our Rules ); address fraud, security, or technical issues; or protect our rights or property, or the rights or property of those who use our services. We may also use different signals and your data to infer, preserve, use, share, or disclose your age and identity information in order to comply with regulatory requirements as well as for safety, security, fraud, know-your-customer, know-your-business, and identity verification, as the case may be. We may also share or disclose your age and identity information with our partners, service providers, and others for these purposes. 3.4 With our affiliates. We may share information amongst our affiliates to provide our products and services. 3.5 As a result of a change in ownership. We may share, sell, or transfer information about you in connection with a merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale of assets, or bankruptcy. This Privacy Policy will apply to your personal information that is shared with (before and after the close of any transaction) or transferred to the new entity. 4. How Long We Keep Information We keep different types of information for different periods of time, depending on how long we need to retain it in order to provide you with our products and services, to comply with our legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: We keep your profile information, such as your display name, user name, password and email address for the duration of your account. We cannot provide you with our products and services without retaining this information. We keep your usage information, such as the content you post, your interactions with other users’ content and how you interact with others on the platform for the duration of your account or until such content is removed. We keep your payment information, including your credit or debit card number and billing address for the duration you use our paid products and services. Records of transactions will be kept for longer, in accordance with applicable law. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will keep information about the communication and its content for up to 18 months, unless it is necessary for us to retain it for a longer period to comply with our legal obligations or to exercise or defend our legal rights. We generally collect device information, location information, inferred identity information and log information using cookies. We keep cookies and information collected using cookies for up to 13 months. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . We keep information about your views or interactions with ads on or off X, as well as how you interact with our content on third-party sites for up to 12 months. We keep information shared by ad and business partners for up to 12 months. Where you violate our Rules and your account is suspended, we may keep the identifiers you used to create the account (such as your email address or phone number) indefinitely to prevent repeat policy offenders from creating new accounts. We may need to keep certain information longer than our policies specify in order to comply with legal requirements and for safety and security reasons. For example: To comply with a law, regulation, legal process, or governmental request. Including in order to adhere to a legally appropriate preservation request made by law enforcement. You can read more about law enforcement access here . In connection with legal claims, litigation, and regulatory matters. Including where it is reasonably necessary to retain information relating to your account in order to defend X against legal claims. To maintain the safety and security of our products and services. Including where it is necessary to store your information longer in order to investigate and fight abuse on our products and services. Remember public content can exist elsewhere even after it is removed from X. For example, search engines and other third parties may retain copies of your posts longer, based upon their own privacy policies, even after they are deleted or expire on X. You can read more about search visibility here . 5. Take Control 5.1 Access, correction, and portability. You can access, correct, or modify the information you provided to us by editing your profile and adjusting your account settings . You can learn more about the information we have collected or inferred about you in Your X Data and request access to additional information here . You can download a copy of your information, such as your posts, by following the instructions here . To protect your privacy and maintain security, we take steps to verify your identity before granting you access to your personal information or complying with a deletion, portability, or other related request. We may, in certain situations, reject your request for access, correction, or portability, for example, we may reject access where you are unable to verify your identity. 5.2 Deleting your information. If you follow the instructions here , your account will be deactivated and your data will be queued for deletion. When deactivated, your X account, including your display name, username, and public profile, will no longer be viewable on X.com, X for iOS, and X for Android. For up to 30 days after deactivation it is still possible to restore your X account if it was accidentally or wrongfully deactivated. 5.3 Objecting to, restricting, or withdrawing your consent. You can manage your privacy settings and other account features here . If you change your settings it may take some time for your choices to be fully reflected throughout our systems. You may also notice changes in your X experience or limitations in your ability to access certain features depending on the settings you’ve adjusted. You may also manage additional settings when interacting with certain content and features on different parts of the platform, such as whether a Space is recorded, or whether videos you upload are downloadable by others. 5.4 Authorized agent requests. To submit a request related to access, modification, or deletion of your information, or someone else’s information if you are their authorized agent, you may also contact us as specified in the How To Contact X section of our Privacy Policy below. We may require you to provide additional information for verification. 6. Your Rights And Ours We provide X to people all over the world and provide many of the same privacy tools and controls to all of our users regardless of where they live. However, your experience may be slightly different than users in other countries to ensure X respects local requirements. 6.1 We have specific legal bases to use your information. X has carefully considered the legal reasons it is permitted to collect, use, share and otherwise process your information. If you want to dig in to learn more and better understand the nuances, we’d encourage you to check out this additional information about data processing . And no, we don’t sell your personal information. 6.2 We move your data to make X work for you. Just as you use X to seamlessly participate in global conversations with people in countries all over the world, X must move information across borders and to different countries around the world to support the safe and reliable service you depend on. For example, if you live in Europe and are having a conversation with someone in the United States, information has to move between those countries to provide that experience – it’s what you expect from us. We also use data centers and cloud providers, and engage our affiliates and third-party partners and service providers located in many parts of the world to help us provide our services. Before we move data between countries we look at the risks that may be presented to the data and rely on standard contractual clauses (SCCs), where applicable, to ensure your data rights are protected. To request a copy of the SCCs, please contact us here . If data will be shared with a third party, we require them to maintain the same protections over your data that we provide directly. X is a participant in the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF. X complies with the DPF Principles for all its processing of personal data received from the European Union, Switzerland and the UK, in reliance on the EU-US DPF, Swiss-US DPF and UK Extension to the EU-US DPF, respectively. If you have an inquiry or complaint related to our participation in the DPF, please contact us here . As part of our participation in the DPF, if you have a dispute with us about our adherence to the DPF Principles, we will seek to resolve it through our internal complaint resolution process, alternatively through the US-based independent dispute resolution body JAMS , and under certain conditions, through the DPF Arbitration Process following the procedures and subject to the conditions described in Annex 1 to the DPF Principles. DPF participants are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the US Federal Trade Commission and other authorized statutory bodies. Under certain circumstances, participants may be liable for the transfer of personal data from the EU, Switzerland and the UK to third parties outside the EU, Switzerland and the UK. Learn more about the EU-US DPF, the Swiss-US DPF and the UK Extension to the EU-US DPF here . 7. X's Audience Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . Our services are not directed to children, and you may not use our services if you are under the age of 13. You must also be old enough to consent to the processing of your personal data in your country (in some countries we may allow your parent or guardian to do so on your behalf ). We do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. If you become aware that your child has provided us with personal information without your consent, please contact us here . If we become aware that a child under 13 has provided us with personal information, we take steps to remove such information and terminate the child’s account. You can find additional resources for parents and teens here . 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy The most current version of this Privacy Policy governs our processing of your personal data and we may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time as needed. If we do revise this Privacy Policy and make changes that are determined by us to be material, we will provide you notice and an opportunity to review the revised Privacy Policy before you continue to use X. 9. General The X Privacy Policy is written in English but is made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Privacy Policy shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Privacy Policy. 10. How To Contact X We want to hear from you if you have thoughts or questions about this Privacy Policy. You can contact us via our Privacy Policy Inquiries page or by writing to us at the appropriate address below. Information about our handling of California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) requests is available here . Information about our handling of “Consumer Health Data” and associated requests as defined under Washington State’s My Health My Data Act and other similar state laws is available here . For Oregon residents, more information about our handling of personal information described in this Privacy Policy and associated requests and appeals under Oregon’s Consumer Privacy Act (OCPA) is available here . If you live in the United States or any other country outside of the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Corp., with an address of: X Corp. Attn: Privacy Policy Inquiry 865 FM 1209, Building 2 Bastrop, TX 78602 If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, the data controller responsible for your personal data is X Internet Unlimited Company, with an address of: X Internet Unlimited Company Attn: Data Protection Officer One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street Dublin 2, D02 AX07 IRELAND If you live in Switzerland, you can also contact our appointed representative at the following address: X Switzerland GmbH Attn: Data Protection Officer c/o Wasag Treuhand AG Normannenstrasse 8 Postfach 783 3018 Bern, SWITZERLAND If you wish to raise a concern about our data processing practices , you have the right to do so with your local supervisory authority or X Internet Unlimited Company’s lead supervisory authority, the Irish Data Protection Commission, using the contact details listed on their website. Effective: January 15, 2026 View previous policies Take control of your privacy Adjust your settings X Privacy Policy Effective until January 15, 2026 We have made some updates to our Privacy Policy. The updated Privacy Policy will go into effect on January 15, 2026. The current Privacy Policy is located below. Before you scroll, read this It’s really hard to make everyone happy with a Privacy Policy. Most people who use X want something short and easy to understand. While we wish we could fit everything you need to know into a post, our regulators ask us to meet our legal obligations by describing them all in a lot of detail. With that in mind, we’ve written our Privacy Policy as simply as possible to empower you to make informed decisions when you use X by making sure you understand and have control over the information we collect, how it’s used, and when it’s shared. So if you skip reading every word of the Privacy Policy, at least know this: X is a public platform Learn what’s viewable & searchable We collect some data about you Learn what we collect & how Affiliate services may have their own policies Learn about affiliates We use your data to make X better Learn how we make your info work You can control your experience Learn how to update your settings If you have questions about how we use data, just ask Learn how to contact us Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X Privacy Policy 1. Information We Collect 2. How We Use Information 3. Sharing Information 4. How Long We Keep Information 5. Take Control 6. Your Rights and Ours 7. X's Audience 8. Changes To This Privacy Policy 9. General 10. How To Contact X 1. Information We Collect The information we collect when you use X falls into three categories. 1.1 Information you provide us. To use some of our products and services you need to have an account, and to create an account, you need to provide us certain information. Likewise, if you use our paid products and services, we cannot provide them to you without getting payment information. Basically, certain information is necessary if you want to use many of our products and services. Personal Accounts. If you create an account, you must provide us with some information so that we can provide our services to you. This includes a display name (for example, “Creators”); a username (for example, @XCreators); a password; an email address or phone number; a date of birth; your display language; and third-party single sign-in information (if you choose this sign-in method). You can also choose to share your location in your profile and posts, and to upload your address book to X to help find people you may know. Your profile information, which includes your display name and username, is always public, but you can use either your real name or a pseudonym. And remember, you can create multiple X accounts, for example, to express different parts of your identity, professional or otherwise. Professional Accounts. If you create a professional account , you also need to provide us with a professional category, and may provide us with other information, including street address, contact email address, and contact phone number, all of which will always be public. Payment Information. In order to purchase ads or other offerings provided as part of our paid products and services you will need to provide us payment information, including your credit or debit card number, card expiration date, CVV code, and billing address. Preferences. When you set your preferences using your settings , we collect that information so that we can respect your preferences. Biometric Information. Based on your consent, we may collect and use your biometric information for safety, security, and identification purposes. Job Applications / Recommendations. We may collect and use your personal information (such as your biographical information, employment history, educational history, employment preferences, skills and abilities, and job search activity and engagement, in addition to the information we already collect as disclosed in the “Information we collect when you use X” section of our Privacy Policy below) to recommend potential jobs to you, to share with potential employers when you apply for a job, to enable connections for professional opportunities, and to show you more relevant advertising. 1.2 Information we collect when you use X. When you use our services, we collect information about how you use our products and services. We use that information to provide you with products and services, to help keep X more secure and respectful for everyone, and more relevant to you. Usage Information. We collect information about your activity on X, including: Posts and other content you post (including the date, application, and version of X) and information about your broadcast activity (e.g., Spaces), including broadcasts you’ve created and when you created them, your lists, bookmarks, and Communities you are a part of. Your interactions with other users’ content, such as reposts, likes, bookmarks, shares, downloads, replies, if other users mention or tag you in content or if you mention or tag them, and broadcasts you’ve participated in (including your viewing history, listening, commenting, speaking, and reacting). How you interact with others on the platform, such as people you follow and people who follow you, metadata related to Encrypted Messages , and when you use Direct Messages , including the contents of the messages, the recipients, and date and time of messages. If you communicate with us, such as through email, we will collect information about the communication and its content. We collect information on links you interact with across our services (including in our emails sent to you). Purchase and payments. To allow you to make a payment or send money using X features or services, including through an intermediary, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto-renew, and amounts paid or received. Device Information. We collect information from and about the devices you use to access X, including: Information about your connection, such as your IP address, browser type, and related information. Information about your device and its settings, such as device and advertising ID, operating system, carrier, language, memory, apps installed, and battery level. Your device address book, if you’ve chosen to share it with us. Location Information. When you use X, we collect some information about your approximate location to provide the service you expect, including showing you relevant ads. You can also choose to share your current precise location or places where you’ve previously used X by enabling these settings in your account. Inferred Identity. We may collect or receive information that we use to infer your identity as detailed below: When you sign into X on a browser or device, we will associate that browser or device with your account. Subject to your settings, we may also associate your account with browsers or devices other than those you use to sign into X (or associate your signed-out device or browser with other browsers or devices or X-generated identifiers). When you provide other information to X, including an email address or phone number, we associate that information with your X account. Subject to your settings, we may also use this information in order to infer other information about your identity, for example by associating your account with hashes of email addresses that share common components with the email address you have provided to X. When you access X and are not signed in, we may infer your identity based on the information we collect. Log Information. We may receive information when you view content on or otherwise interact with our products and services, even if you have not created an account or are signed out, such as: IP address and related information; browser type and language; operating system; the referring webpage; access times; pages visited; location; your mobile carrier; device information (including device and application IDs); search terms and IDs (including those not submitted as queries); ads shown to you on X; X-generated identifiers; and identifiers associated with cookies. We also receive log information when you click on, view, or interact with links on our services, including when you install another application through X. Advertisements. When you view or interact with ads we serve on or off X, we may collect information about those views or interactions (e.g., watching a video ad or preroll, clicking on an ad, interacting with reposts of or replies to an ad). Cookies and similar technologies. Like many websites, we use cookies and similar technologies to collect additional website usage data and to operate our services. Cookies are not required for many parts of our products and services such as searching and looking at public profiles. You can learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies here . Interactions with our content on third-party sites. When you view our content on third-party websites that integrate X content, such as embedded timelines or post buttons, we may receive log information that includes the web page you visited. 1.3 Information we receive from third parties. When you use other online products and services, they may share information about that usage with us. Ad Partners, Developers, Publishers. Our ad and business partners share information with us such as browser cookie IDs, X-generated identifiers, mobile device IDs, hashed user information like email addresses, demographic or interest data, and content viewed or actions taken on a website or app. Some of our ad partners, particularly our advertisers, also enable us to collect similar information directly from their website or app by integrating our advertising technology. Information shared by ad partners and affiliates or collected by X from the websites and apps of ad partners and affiliates may be combined with the other information you share with X and that X receives, generates, or infers about you described elsewhere in this Privacy Policy. Other Third Parties, Account Connections, and Integrations. We may receive information about you from third parties who are not our ad partners, such as other X users, developers, and partners who help us evaluate the safety and quality of content on our platform, our corporate affiliates , and other services you link to your X account. You may choose to connect your X account to your account on another service, and that other service may send us information about your account on that service. 2. How We Use Information Breaking down how we use the information we collect is not simple because of the way the systems that bring our services to you work. For example, the same piece of information may be used differently for different purposes to ultimately deliver a single service. We think it’s most useful to describe the five main ways we use information and if you have questions that are not answered, you can always contact us . Here we go: 2.1 Operate, improve, and personalize our services. We use the information we collect to provide and operate X products and services. We also use the information we collect to improve and personaliz | 2026-01-13T08:49:17 |
https://dev.to/t/resources/page/6 | Resources Page 6 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # resources Follow Hide Sharing helpful articles, tools, and learning materials Create Post Older #resources posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Introduction to M3U8 & Resource Sharing winter-tengjingshu winter-tengjingshu winter-tengjingshu Follow Nov 8 '25 Introduction to M3U8 & Resource Sharing # opensource # resources 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Best Tools for Freelancers in 2026 George Wilson George Wilson George Wilson Follow Nov 26 '25 The Best Tools for Freelancers in 2026 # freelance # productivity # resources # management 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Four GIS software programs are adapted to different needs and scenarios KKetria KKetria KKetria Follow Oct 31 '25 Four GIS software programs are adapted to different needs and scenarios # software # resources # tooling # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read 6 Game-Changing AI Models That Defined 2025 💥 Sanchit Bajaj Sanchit Bajaj Sanchit Bajaj Follow Dec 2 '25 6 Game-Changing AI Models That Defined 2025 💥 # ai # llm # resources # programming 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 4 min read Gettemplate Update shrey vijayvargiya shrey vijayvargiya shrey vijayvargiya Follow Oct 28 '25 Gettemplate Update # news # resources # webdev # design Comments Add Comment 2 min read Top 7 Cybersecurity Certifications for Beginners ITE Yonik Services ITE Yonik Services ITE Yonik Services Follow Oct 27 '25 Top 7 Cybersecurity Certifications for Beginners # cybersecurity # beginners # resources # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Find and Fix Broken Links: The Complete Guide 2025 Paul Molyanov Paul Molyanov Paul Molyanov Follow Oct 31 '25 How to Find and Fix Broken Links: The Complete Guide 2025 # seo # marketing # webdev # resources 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Frontend Developer Roadmap: Skills, Values, and Tools to Become a Competitive Engineer in 2025/2026 smrpdl1991 smrpdl1991 smrpdl1991 Follow Nov 27 '25 The Frontend Developer Roadmap: Skills, Values, and Tools to Become a Competitive Engineer in 2025/2026 # webdev # frontend # resources # career 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Don Quixote Of Orchestration: Building For Problems No One Sees Yet marcosomma marcosomma marcosomma Follow Nov 23 '25 Don Quixote Of Orchestration: Building For Problems No One Sees Yet # ai # opensource # programming # resources 14 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read I Built a Free AI Mastery Roadmap (And Why It's Not Another $500 Course) Jon Gerton Jon Gerton Jon Gerton Follow Nov 23 '25 I Built a Free AI Mastery Roadmap (And Why It's Not Another $500 Course) # learning # ai # opensource # resources 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read 11 useful websites Eduardo Donato Eduardo Donato Eduardo Donato Follow Nov 25 '25 11 useful websites # productivity # resources # tooling 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read OpenAI dévoile les Prompt Packs : plus de 300 prompts pour booster votre productivité avec ChatGPT babi mumba babi mumba babi mumba Follow Oct 20 '25 OpenAI dévoile les Prompt Packs : plus de 300 prompts pour booster votre productivité avec ChatGPT # openai # resources # chatgpt # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read Alternative search engines Rost Rost Rost Follow Oct 19 '25 Alternative search engines # privacy # google # web # resources Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🎉 ¡Por fin empezó el Bootcamp! Laura Montironi Laura Montironi Laura Montironi Follow Nov 20 '25 🎉 ¡Por fin empezó el Bootcamp! # javascript # css # beginners # resources Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Monitor a Node.js App with SigNoz (Step-by-Step Guide) Afe Damilare Afe Damilare Afe Damilare Follow Nov 10 '25 How to Monitor a Node.js App with SigNoz (Step-by-Step Guide) # node # opensource # resources 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The best 8 web analytics tools for ecommerce websites andrei saioc andrei saioc andrei saioc Follow Oct 17 '25 The best 8 web analytics tools for ecommerce websites # analytics # resources # marketing # tooling Comments Add Comment 7 min read ARGeoTrackingConfiguration 苹果街景定位支持地区 Ting Ting Ting Follow Nov 19 '25 ARGeoTrackingConfiguration 苹果街景定位支持地区 # api # ios # resources Comments Add Comment 1 min read Qt + CMake: Modern Approach to Managing icons.qrc Alexander Movchan Alexander Movchan Alexander Movchan Follow Oct 16 '25 Qt + CMake: Modern Approach to Managing icons.qrc # qt # automation # resources Comments Add Comment 7 min read Free Dev Tools — A Privacy-Friendly Collection of Developer Utilities (JSON, Base64, Encryption & More) uğurcan güden uğurcan güden uğurcan güden Follow Oct 16 '25 Free Dev Tools — A Privacy-Friendly Collection of Developer Utilities (JSON, Base64, Encryption & More) # resources # productivity # webdev # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read ✨ UI.Glass — Free Glassmorphism CSS Generator Mehul Lakhanpal Mehul Lakhanpal Mehul Lakhanpal Follow Nov 7 '25 ✨ UI.Glass — Free Glassmorphism CSS Generator # webdev # design # resources # css 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read React Component life cycle M.Ark M.Ark M.Ark Follow Nov 19 '25 React Component life cycle # react # resources # newbie 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read A truly flexible API and agent builder's kit, with smooth devX for streaming, multimodality and integrations Helena Pankov Helena Pankov Helena Pankov Follow Oct 27 '25 A truly flexible API and agent builder's kit, with smooth devX for streaming, multimodality and integrations # programming # ai # opensource # resources 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Launching Project Starter Guide Brett Stark Brett Stark Brett Stark Follow Nov 5 '25 Launching Project Starter Guide # resources # devops # automation # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Learn Windows CLI Hands-on arnostorg arnostorg arnostorg Follow Nov 16 '25 Learn Windows CLI Hands-on # cli # web # programming # resources 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Built A Free Developer Toolkit with 20+ Developer Tools technical leap technical leap technical leap Follow Oct 26 '25 I Built A Free Developer Toolkit with 20+ Developer Tools # webdev # developer # resources # opensource 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/zio-mitch/il-bug-della-dignita-cronaca-di-unillusione-ereditaria-54fd | Il Bug della Dignità: Cronaca di un’illusione ereditaria - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Michele Carino Posted on Dec 30, 2025 Il Bug della Dignità: Cronaca di un’illusione ereditaria # discuss # career # mentalhealth Una riflessione sulla cultura, la perdita e la promessa infranta della meritocrazia. Sono un informatico con vent’anni di esperienza, un uomo cresciuto in una casa dove i libri erano così tanti da fare da isolante tra le camere. Mamma professoressa di matematica, papà ingegnere elettrotecnico. I libri erano il simbolo della nostra promessa: l’idea che la cultura ci avrebbe portato in alto, ci avrebbe emancipato e ci avrebbe garantito il rispetto del mondo. Ho costruito la mia identità su questo pilastro, convinto che la logica e lo studio fossero il mio passaporto per la libertà. Invece, per vent'anni anni, ho assistito al fallimento di quel patto. Ho visto 'figli di papà' fare impresa senza la minima capacità razionale, occupando spazi per puro diritto di nascita mentre io, nonostante le competenze, dovevo lottare ogni giorno per sbarcare il lunario. Ho visto il mio nucleo familiare frantumarsi e mia madre spegnersi, tradita da una demenza fronto-temporale e abbandonata da uno Stato che ha preferito divorare la sua pensione per la retta di una casa di cura piuttosto che onorare la sua vita. In questi mesi, è scomparsa da poco, ho dovuto buttare i suoi libri, piangendo su ogni volume che finiva nel sacco, sentendo che stavo smaltendo i resti di un’illusione. Oggi, però, sono entrato in una biblioteca. E inaspettatamente, tra quegli scaffali, mi sono sentito di nuovo a casa. Sono tornato bambino, avvolto da quell'odore di carta che un tempo mi proteggeva. Lavorare da lì, circondato da quel silenzio antico, ha spento il rumore del mondo esterno. Per la prima volta dopo tanto tempo, ho ritrovato la serenità di fare e progettare per il puro gusto di farlo. Senza chiedermi il perché, senza il peso dell'ingiustizia, senza l'ombra dei privilegiati che mi calpestano. Nella mia pancia c'è ancora la rabbia dei miei genitori, ma oggi, tra questi libri, ho ripreso in mano il mio codice. Ho smesso di cercare una logica nel tradimento del sistema e ho ricominciato a costruire, semplicemente perché questo è ciò che sono. Oltre le macerie, oltre l'abbandono, la mia mente è ancora la mia casa. Vorrei poter piangere tutte le lacrime dovute al rivederci così dove non ci aspettavamo di essere nonostante tutto eppure so che l'unica soluzione è la resa, l'accettazione, il far finta idi niente per evitare di continuare a infliggersi dolore. E mi chiedo se una famiglia davvero evoluta sia quella che sprona i figli a fare soldi e realizzarsi economicamente o quella che vuole che essi siano studiosi e alfieri del progresso umano mettendo in secondo piano l'avere. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Michele Carino Follow 318 Temporarily a Teapot The server is temporarily unable to brew coffee because it is, for the moment, a teapot. The condition is expected to be resolved after a short period of time. Location Salsomaggiore Terme, Parma, Italy Education Liceo Scientifico Statale G. Vailati, Genzano di Roma + a bit of University @Roma II Torvergata Pronouns Software/Enthusiast Work Software architect in a enterprise that develops business management software. Joined Dec 8, 2025 More from Michele Carino Human dignity bug: chronicles of an inherited delusion # career # discuss # mentalhealth Volevo smettere di fare lo sviluppatore software e iniziare a fare l'imbianchino... # programming # career # development # italian 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/t/claudecode/page/2 | Claudecode Page 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # claudecode Follow Hide Create Post Older #claudecode posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I Used ClaudeCode to Rescue an npm Package with 760K Downloads (And Now I Have a Mission from my regular day job) steve greensill steve greensill steve greensill Follow Dec 30 '25 I Used ClaudeCode to Rescue an npm Package with 760K Downloads (And Now I Have a Mission from my regular day job) # opensource # javascript # typescript # claudecode Comments Add Comment 3 min read CLAUDE.md: Building Persistent Memory for AI Coding Agents Eugene Oleinik Eugene Oleinik Eugene Oleinik Follow Dec 30 '25 CLAUDE.md: Building Persistent Memory for AI Coding Agents # claudecode # aiagents # developertools # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read Created a Rails 8 Learning Repository and Started Recovering from a 6-Year Blank with Rails Guides and Claude Code Takashi Masuda Takashi Masuda Takashi Masuda Follow Dec 30 '25 Created a Rails 8 Learning Repository and Started Recovering from a 6-Year Blank with Rails Guides and Claude Code # rails # github # claudecode # coderabbit Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Reality of AI Coding in Production (and My Poor Man’s Setup) Ruben Casas Ruben Casas Ruben Casas Follow Jan 10 The Reality of AI Coding in Production (and My Poor Man’s Setup) # 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claudecode # ai # automation # skills 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Using Claude Code to solve Advent of Code 2025 Dinesh Kumar Gnanasekaran Dinesh Kumar Gnanasekaran Dinesh Kumar Gnanasekaran Follow Jan 3 Using Claude Code to solve Advent of Code 2025 # claude # claudecode # programming # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why You Shouldn’t Speedrun a Production Refactor Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Peter van Onselen Follow Dec 12 '25 Why You Shouldn’t Speedrun a Production Refactor # godot # vibecoding # claudecode # specdrivendevelopmen Comments Add Comment 4 min read Getting Started with Claude Code: The AI Coding Assistant for Your Terminal DeployHQ DeployHQ DeployHQ Follow Jan 2 Getting Started with Claude Code: The AI Coding Assistant for Your Terminal # ai # claudecode # codeassistant # development Comments Add Comment 6 min read Your AI Agent Config is Technical Debt You Haven't Acknowledged Yet Prasham Trivedi Prasham Trivedi Prasham Trivedi Follow Dec 9 '25 Your AI Agent Config is Technical Debt You Haven't Acknowledged Yet # 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paula Gearon Posted on Nov 14, 2022 Stay Classy in OWL # rdf # owl # sparql # rules In an effort to publish this quickly, I am posting without proofreading. Errata is welcome. In the last post I discussed using rules to generate RDF statements that are entailed by RDFS . This is useful stuff, but is very limited due to the lack of expressivity of RDFS. This is to be expected, since RDFS was a limited vocabulary that was released well before the full Web Ontology Language ( OWL ) was released. But if we adopt OWL, then what entailments will be valid and useful? Description Logics As shown in my first post in this series , OWL provides a vocabulary for a Description Logic. In particular, OWL2 conforms closely to a family of logics known as 𝒮ℛ𝒪ℐ𝒬. This name indicates some of the elements of the vocabulary: 𝒮: An Abbreviation for 𝒜ℒ𝒞 𝒜ℒ𝒞: Contains concepts including: Classes C , and roles r ⊤ (top, or everything ) ⊥ (bottom, or nothing ) ⊓ (conjunctions, or intersections) ⊔ (disjunctions, or unions) ¬ (negation, or inverse) ∃r.C (existential role restrictions) ∀r.C (universal role restrictions) ℋ: Class hierarchies (classes, with subclasses) ℛ: Complex role inclusion. This is both a role hierarchy (indicated by ℋ) and role composition. ℐ: Inverse roles. 𝒪: Nominals. 𝒩: Cardinality restrictions on roles. 𝒬: Qualified cardinality. This includes cardinality restrictions (indicated by 𝒩), and can also qualify them to classes. To explain each of the above: Classes are a way to classify things. Entities can be classified multiple ways, in which case we say the entity has a type of the class, or that the entity is an instance of the class. e.g. Person can be a class and the entity we name "Alice" may be an instance of Person . Roles describe relationships between entities. e.g. an entity named "Alice" may have a hasChild relationship to an entity named "Susan". Top is a universal class that every entity is an instance of. Bottom is an empty class that no entity is an instance of. Conjunctions are the combination of multiple classes where every class must apply. e.g. A wooden chair is an instance of the conjunction formed from the classes Wooden and Furniture . Disjunctions are the combination of multiple classes where one or more classes must apply. e.g. OfficeEquipment could be a disjunction of OfficeFurniture , ComputerEquipment , Stationery , and KitchenSupplies . Negation is used to create a class of everything that is not the negated class. e.g. The negation of the class of Visible things is everything that cannot be seen. That includes both physical objects, like air, but also arbitrary concepts like "imagination" or "price". It is the entire universe of things that are not in the Visible class. Existential role restrictions means that a given relationship must exist in order to be a member of a class. e.g. To be a Parent an entity must have a hasChild relationship to another entity. Universal role restrictions means that all use of a role has to be with a specific class. e.g. hasChild can be defined to always refer to instances of the class Child . Role hierarchy indicates more general or specific relationships between roles. This creates sub-property and super-property relationships and is roughly analogous to sub-classes and super-classes. e.g. hasDaughter is a more specific role than hasChild , while hasDescendent is a more general role. So hasDaughter is a sub-property for hasChild , and hasChild is a sub-property for hasDescendent . Inverse roles refers to the relationship that goes in the opposite direction between entities. e.g. hasParent is the inverse role to hasChild . Nominals describes a class of items that is defined by its membership in the class. e.g. PresidentOfTheUnitedStates can be defined as a class of the 46 people who have had that position (as of this writing). Number restrictions (or cardinality restrictions ) refers to a minimum or maximum number of relationships. e.g. To be a member of FullTimeStudent a university might require that a student have a minimum of 4 enrolledIn relationships. Qualified cardinality is a more specific type of nominal, where the class of the relationship must apply. e.g. For a student to be a MathMajor they might require a minimum of 10 passed relationships to instances of MathSubject . OWL These constructs are all supported by OWL , and each of those constructs has a mapping to RDF . This means that for each Description Logic expression there is a way to express that expression precisely in RDF. It is data like this that was read and processed by Pellet in the Oedipus example in my initial post . The problem with systems like Pellet is that they rely on memory to explore all possibilities for the data. Consequently, they can struggle with large bodies of data, and are unable to handle large ontologies such as SNOMED CT . We have a much better chance of scaling OWL processing if we can use operations that databases are designed to provide. The principal database operation is the Query , and so the various approaches to scaling try to build on this operation. Query Rewriting One approach to identifying entailments in OWL is by using it to rewrite queries. The first to consider is a general approach to rewriting queries, where the query can be expanded to ask for parts of the ontology. For instance, consider asking for the classes a resource is an instance of: select ?class where { my : resource a ?class } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can be rewritten to consider superclasses as well: select ?class where { my : resource a / rdfs : subClassOf * ?class } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Where the * modifier describes the transitive closure of the rdfs:subClassOf relationship, starting with the 0 step, meaning that it includes the step where the class is the immediate type of the resource. A more specific case is using the ontology to rewrite the query. For instance, if the property my:prop is transitive, then querying for it can always be expanded to use the + modifier. So the query: select ?related where { my : resource my : prop ?related } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Would be modified to: select ?related where { my : resource my : prop + ?related } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode These are some trivial examples, but some great work was done on this by Héctor Pérez-Urbina in his PhD dissertation . Rules Another approach to scalable entailment is using rules. The mechanism for this is using certain existing data structures to generate new data structures that get inserted alongside the original data. I described this in the last post , where I used construct queries to obtain the data generated by each rule. The other option is to send this generated statements back into the graph by changing construct to insert . For instance, the transitive closure of the property my:prop above could be created with an update operation: insert { ?a my : prop ?c } where { ?a my : prop ?b . ?b my : prop ?c } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Note that this is a single update, and not actually a full "rule". Running this will only extend all of the my:prop relations by 1 step, doubling the length to 2. But running this iteratively will extend the maximum length of the closure by doubling, so it will rapidly cover the entire closure. What we can learn from this is that rule systems can be built from query/update operations like this, but they need a mechanism for scheduling the rules to be run over and over when needed, and to stop when nothing new is being generated. The basic algorithm for doing this is called RETE , and I discussed this and an implementation at Clojure/conj 2016 . Because rules are built on a querying mechanism that is foundational to the database, they are often very fast. They also rely on the main database storage, so they can scale with the database. They allow computational complexity to be pre-calculated, with the results stored. This allows subsequent operations to rely on space complexity instead. These are very important characteristics for working with large quantities of data, and for this reason I will be focusing on this approach to entailment. Rule Justification Many OWL operations describe entailments that can be expressed as a rule. For instance, the OWL 2 Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax document describes many constructs with examples of what they entail. There are many examples of this, but a simple one is the Symmetric Object Property which describes that a:friend is symmetric. Consequently, if "Brian is a friend of Peter" then this entails "Peter is a friend of Brian". The general rule for symmetry can then be given as: insert { ?b ?prop ?a } where { ?a ?prop ?b . ?prop a owl : SymmetricProperty } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can seem to be a straightforward operation, but interesting insights come about when we consider exactly why these new statements are allowed to be asserted. Validity and Consistency Logic systems can be described using a pair of properties: validity and consistency. A system is valid if every interpretation of the systems leads to conclusions that are true. A system is invalid if there exists an interpretation where the conclusions are not true. A system is consistent if there exists an interpretation where the conclusions are true. A system is inconsistent if there are no interpretations where the conclusions are true. The interpretation of a system is a selection of values that conform to the system. To explain some of this, let's use the mathematical domain. In this case, the interpretation will usually be a selection of numbers to associate with values. Valid Since every possible interpretation of a valid system is true, these are also referred to as a tautology . At first glance, this does not seem that useful, however it is a very important concept. An example of a valid math expression is: | x | ≥ x The various interpretations of this system are the values that x can take in the domain of real numbers ℝ. In this case, it doesn't matter what value x takes, since the equation will always be true. This is still logic, so we can introduce an or operation, with another valid equation: x > 1 ∨ x < 2 Again, this is a tautology, as it will be true for every interpretation of x in the domain. Invalid This applies to any system which is not valid. That simply means that there exists an interpretation where truth does not hold. For instance: x > 2 This is true when x is 3 or 4, but it is not true when x is 1 or 2. Lots of systems are Invalid, since tautologies (i.e. valid systems) don't have a lot to say. Consistent A system is consistent when there exists an interpretation that leads to truth. The example invalid statement also happens to be consistent: x > 2 As already mentioned, when x is 3 then the statement is true, so this system is consistent. Inconsistent This indicates that a system is not consistent, meaning that there are no possible interpretations which can be true. For instance: x < 3 ∧ x > 4 There are no numbers that meet both of these conditions, and therefore there are no interpretations where this is true. Relations to Each Other When considered in relation to one another we see the following states for systems: Always true: Valid and Consistent Sometimes true, Sometimes false: Invalid and Consistent Always false: Invalid and Inconsistent Entailment Entailment is the operation of finding new statements that are true in every possible interpretation of a system, given its semantics. This is possible when using the Open World Assumption (OWA), since new statements can always be added, which is a concept that is sometimes expressed as, "Anyone can say Anything about Anything" (this phrase appears in an early draft of the RDF Concepts and Abstract Data Model , and also in the book " Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist ", by Allemang, Hendler, and now in the second edition, Gandon. I will refer to this book as SWWO). This cuts both ways though: not only does it mean that new statement may be created, but it also limits which statements may be created. The OWA says that there are possibly a lot of other statements that the system does not describe which could lead to a statement not being possible in every possible interpretation. When it comes to identifying new statements that can be entailed, it is a useful exercise to consider all the possible constructs that could lead to the statement leading to a falsehood, even if it requires a convoluted set of statements to get there. Tableaux One approach in using validity and consistency is to determine if a given system entails a statement using the Tableaux Algorithm. In this case, for a given system 𝑮 an entailment 𝑨 is described as: 𝑮 ⊨ 𝑨 This entailment can only be true if: 𝑮 ⋃ {¬𝑨} is inconsistent This is a useful test, because the algorithm need only discover a single false case to prove inconsistency. Pellet is an implementation of this algorithm, and while it does not scale to very large ontologies, it is nevertheless very powerful. Rules Another approach to entailment is to use rules. As mentioned above, this can be done when we know that a statement is legal in every possible interpretation of the system. There is a defined subset of possible reasoning in OWL2 which can lead to entailments via rules. This subset is called the OWL 2 RL Profile , and the rules can be found in tables 4 through to table 9 in the rules section of the OWL 2 Profiles document. It is some of these rules that I want to explore here and in other posts. Intersections A practical application of all of this can be seen in Intersections. As described in SWWO , an intersection of classes :A and :B can be described using a subclass relationship: This is described in Turtle as: : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's consider what can be inferred from this. If we have an instance of :IntersectionAB called :x , then this is represented as: : x a : IntersectionAB . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The rule rdfs9 is: insert { ?zzz a ?yyy } where { ?xxx rdfs : subClassOf ?yyy . ?zzz a ?xxx } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Applying this will result in :x being an instance of both :A and :B : : x a : IntersectionAB . : x a : A . : x a : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode These inferences are valid, because the definition of the rdfs:subClassOf relationship states and instances of a subclass will also be instances of the superclass. There are no interpretations where this does not hold. Class Membership Another possibility is when :y is a member of both :A and :B . : y a : A . : y a : B . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode It would seem reasonable to infer that :y is therefore an instance of :IntersectionAB . However, inferences are only valid if they apply in every possible system, and the Open World Assumption (OWA) must allow for any new consistent statement. There are statements that can be introduced that are both consistent with the existing statements, and inconsistent with inferring :y as a member of :IntersectionAB . To see an example of this, we can introduce a two new classes, called :C and :D , are the complements of each other. This means that anything that is a member of :C is not a member of :D , and vice versa. We can also make :IntersectionAB a subclass of :C : : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B, : C . : C owl: complementOf : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If :y becomes an instance of :D then if cannot be a part of the intersection, since it cannot be an instance of :C . : IntersectionAB rdfs: subClassOf : A, : B, : C . : C owl: complementOf : D . : y a : A, : B, : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regardless of how contrived the example may be, the fact that any such example exists indicates that the inference may not be made. OWL Intersections The problem with inferring membership in an intersection above is that the intersection is open , meaning that new classes can be added to the intersection, and those classes can preclude an instance of the other classes from becoming a member. OWL addresses this by defining an closed intersection using an RDF Collection . This uses a linked list structure that does not allow for extra members. Redefining :IntersectionAB we can express this in TTL as: : IntersectionAB owl: intersectionOf ( : A : B ) . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This looks short and simple, but expands into a longer set of triples: : IntersectionAB owl: intersectionOf _: b1 . _: b1 rdf: first : A . _: b1 rdf: rest _: b2 . _: b2 rdf: first : B . _: b2 rdf: rest rdf: nil . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode RDF defines collections to have a specific structure with each node in the list having a single rdf:first and rdf:rest connection, terminating in the rdf:nil node. This means that it is not a valid construct to include any more elements in the collection. As a consequence, if there is an element :y which is an instance of both :A and :B , then it is not possible to add in triples that make :y a member of something that is excluded from the intersection. Therefore, it is valid to infer that :y is in the intersection: : y a : IntersectionAB . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is described in the OWL semantics, and demonstrated in the OWL 2 RL profile in the rule cls-int1 found in table 6. This rule states: IF T(?c, owl:intersectionOf, ?x) LIST[?x, ?c1, ..., ?cn] T(?y, rdf:type, ?c1) T(?y, rdf:type, ?c2) ... T(?y, rdf:type, ?cn) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode THEN T(?y, rdf:type, ?c) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In English it says: If ?c is an intersection described by ?x and ?x is a list containing ?c1 through to ?cn and ?y is an instance of every element in that list Then ?y is an instance of the intersection ?c In Practice Unfortunately, this is tricky to describe in SPARQL. It is easy to check if a value is an instance of one or more members of a list, but how can you check if it is a member of every member of the list? Let's start with some example data, and try to perform the entailment on it. First of all, we can define the intersection of 3 classes: :A , :B and :C . Then we'll describe 3 objects: :m , :n , and :o . The :m object will be an instance of all 3 classes The :n object will be an instance of 2 of the 3 classes The :o object will not be an instance of any of the classes We should be able to find that :m is a member of the intersection, while :n and :o are not. : IntABC owl: intersectionOf ( : A : B : C ). : m a : A, : B, : C . : n a : A, : C . : o a : D . Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Let's start with finding a value ?y which is a member of the intersection class ?c : select distinct ?y where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This returns :m and :n , since they are both instances of classes in the intersection. Now we need to remove values of ?x which don't match every class in the intersection. To do that, start with finding those that don't match everything in the intersection. This can be found by considering each element in the collection (call it ?d ) and pairing it with every other element in the collection (call these ?d2 ). We can then look for the instances of ?d : select distinct ?y ?d ?2 where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This returns every class paired with every other class, but only for instances of the first class: ?y ?d ?d2 :m :C :A :m :C :B :m :A :C :m :A :B :m :B :A :m :B :C :n :C :A :n :C :B :n :A :C :n :A :B Note how :n does not include a ?d equal to :B , but it does have ?d2 set to each value. If we remove cases where ?y is set to the second value, then everything will be removed for ?y = :m , since: when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :A , then ?y is also an instance of :B and :C when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :B , then ?y is also an instance of :A and :C . when ?y is :m , and :m is an instance of :C , then ?y is also an instance of :A and :B However, when ?y is :n not everything is cancelled: when ?y is :n , and :n is an instance of :A , then ?y is and instance of :C , and that gets removed, but :n is not an instance of :B . when ?y is :n , and :n is an instance of :C , then ?y is an instance of :A , and that gets removed, but :n is not an instance of :B . The query to express this is: select distinct ?y ?d ?d2 where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 }} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ?y ?d ?d2 :n :C :B :n :A :B Now that we've found the values of ?y that we don't want, they can be removed from the original query: select distinct ?y where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn MINUS { ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This gives the single solution of :m ?y :m So the final rule is: insert { ?y a ?c } where { ?c owl : intersectionOf ?x . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?cn . ?y a ?cn MINUS { ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d . ?x rdf : rest */ rdf : first ?d2 . FILTER ( ?d ! = ?d2 ) ?y a ?d MINUS { ?y a ?d2 } } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode NOTE: This query is for demonstration only. These operations are implemented doubly nested loops, which will not scale at all. It works for small ontologies, but if you try it on something like SNOMED then you will discover that the database will process for over a week. Non-standard SPARQL operations can do this much more efficiently. Final Comment This post was to introduce people to some of the more detailed elements of OWL's representation of Description Logic, explained Valid models are ones in which all interpretations will be true, and how entailment can be made for Consistent statements that lead to correct models for every possible interpretation. The examples at the end demonstrated how entailment can be limited in the open structures of RDFS, but is more capable for the closed structures described in OWL, always remembering that the model itself always follows the Open World Assumption. The SPARQL rule for owl:intersectionOf was me being clever, even if it's useless in the real world due to the scalability issues. 😊 I've been doing this in the real world with code that is outside of SPARQL, but I ought to be able to do it with SPARQL extensions like stardog:list:member (this could remove one level of loop in the above query, but I think it's possible to do even better). All of this is to provide background for my next blog post, which I ought to be able to start now that I've finished writing this! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Paula Gearon Follow Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Education Computer Engineering. Physics. Work Semantic Web Architect Joined Dec 1, 2018 More from Paula Gearon Classification # rdf # owl # sparql # rules What Can't I do, as a Rule? # rdf # owl # sparql # rules 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/yumyum116/why-print-can-cause-a-tle-even-with-an-efficient-algorithm-4f7e | Why print() Can Cause a TLE Even with an Efficient Algorithm - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse yumyum116 Posted on Jan 11 Why print() Can Cause a TLE Even with an Efficient Algorithm # python # programming Hi, everyone. This is yumyum116. This article is part of a series of how standard library functions work . I am glad that this will help beginners understand the underlying mechanisms behind these functions. This topic arose from a personal experience in which I encountered a TLE, despite using an efficient algorithm to solve the problem. After investigating, I discovered that the issue was caused by calling the print function too many times within the program . Based on this experience, this article explains how the print function works internally and why excessive use of it can lead to a TLE . 1. Example of a TLE Despite Using an Efficient Algorithm In this chapter, I introduce an example of a program that results in a TLE despite using an efficient algorithm. The program determines whether a given number is prime using the Sieve of Eratosthenes. At first glance, the algorithm itself is efficiet - but can you identify which part of the code causes of the TLE? For reference, the input number satisfies the following conditions: conditions: 1 < = n < = 380 , 000 1 <= n <= 380,000 1 <= n <= 380 , 000 1 < = a r r a y [ i ] < = 6 , 000 , 000 ( 1 < = i < = n ) 1 <= array[i] <= 6,000,000 (1 <= i <= n) 1 <= a rr a y [ i ] <= 6 , 000 , 000 ( 1 <= i <= n ) MAX_A = 6000000 def eratosthenes ( n ): is_prime = [ True ] * ( n + 1 ) is_prime [ 0 ] = is_prime [ 1 ] = False for i in range ( 2 , int ( n ** 0.5 ) + 1 ): if is_prime [ i ]: for j in range ( i * i , n + 1 , i ): is_prime [ j ] = False return is_prime n = int ( input ()) arr = [ int ( input ()) for _ in range ( n )] for i in range ( n ): print ( " prime " if is_prime ( arr [ i ]) else " not prime " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Next, I introduce a program that that fixes the TLE issue. MAX_A = 6000000 def eratosthenes ( n ): is_prime = [ True ] * ( n + 1 ) is_prime [ 0 ] = is_prime [ 1 ] = False for i in range ( 2 , int ( n ** 0.5 ) + 1 ): if is_prime [ i ]: for j in range ( i * i , n + 1 , i ): is_prime [ j ] = False return is_prime n = int ( input ()) arr = [ int ( input ()) for _ in range ( n )] is_prime_table = eratosthenes ( MAX_A ) out = [] for x in arr : out . append ( " prime " if is_prime_table [ x ] else " not prime " ) print ( " \n " . join ( out )) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In the next chapter, let's take a closer look at why the TLE happened. 2. What Happens Internally When Executing a Python Program Before diving into the main discussion, let's take a look at what actually happens when a Python program is executed. This section is a bit long, but understanding of this flow will help you build a deeper intuition about how Python programs work under the hood. At a high level, the execution flow looks like this: Execute a Python program. -- the python interpreter starts runnung -- Perform lexical analysis by breaking the source code into tokens. Generate a sequence of tokens. Parse the token sequence. Build an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST). Generate code objects from the AST. Compile the code objects into bytecode. Execute the bytecode on the Python virtual machine. -- the python interpreter completes execution -- Execute machine instructions on the CPU. Now, let's walk through a simple example. Consider the following Python program (1). # test.py print ( " Hi, how are you? " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Lexical Analysis When the Python interpreter runs test.py, it first performs lexical analysis. During this process, the source code is broken down into tokens such as Hi , , , how , are , you , and ? . Parsing Based on the tokens generated during lexical analysis, the interpreter builds a data structure called an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) through parsing. Let's take an actual look at the AST objects generated when executing test.py . $ python > import ast > tree = ast.parse('print("Hi, how are you?")') > > print(ast.dump(tree, indent=4)) Module( body=[ Expr( value=Call( func=Name(id='print', ctx=Load()), args=[ Constant(value='Hi, how are you?')], keywords=[]))], type_ignores=[]) > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If you want to better grasp the structure of an AST, using a sentence that includes mathematical expressions can be very helpful. However, that is beyond the scope of this article. Now, let's break down the generated AST. ① func=Name(id = 'print', ctx=Load()) This means the identifier print is loaded as a value. ctx , which is one of the arguments of the Name node, specifies how the identifier is used. It can be set to Store() when assigning a value, Load() when reading a value, or Del() when deleting an element. Structurally, this can be summarized as follows: A Name node is a parsing node that contains the following information: The presence of the identifier print in the source code. How the identifier is used in context (in this example, it is used as Load() ). ② args=[Constant(value='Hi, how are you?')] This represents a structural node that holds the value of an argument passed to a function. In computer science terms, this is an AST node that represents a string literal. For reference, the Constant node has been used since Python 3.8, whereas Str was used in earlier versions of Python (prior to 3.8). ③ Call(...) This node represents a function call statement and stores the following information: i. func - information about the called object ii. args - expressions to be evaluated as positional arguments iii. keywords - expressions to be evaluated as keyword arguments ④ Expr(...) This node represents an expression whose purpose is only to produce output. There are many other nodes at the same hierarchical level as Expr , each serving a different role. However, due to the scope of this article, I will introduce those nodes in a separate article. ⑤ Module(...) This node represents the root AST node of a .py file. As a supplement, body=[...] is a list of statements included in the source code, and type_ignores=[] stores additional information for type checkers. For example, it records the line numbers of comments that instruct the type checker to ignore type errors. Generate Code Objects from the AST In this step, the following processes are performed. ① Analyze the AST and perform the following tasks: (i) Determine whether each variable is local, global, or free. (ii) Register constants in the constant table. (iii) Build a code object for each function and class. ② Build the structural body of a PyCodeObject Ideally, the following elements are constructed as the internal structure of the code object. CodeObject { co_consts co_names co_varnames co_freevars co_cellvars co_flags co_code } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Generate bytecode After completing syntax analysis, the Python interpreter generates bytecode from the AST. During this process, a source file named compile.c is executed. This file implements the compiler that translates the AST into bytecode. The resulting bytecode is expressed as follows: >> import dis >>> dis.dis('print("Hi, how are you?")') 0 0 RESUME 0 1 2 PUSH_NULL 4 LOAD_NAME 0 (print) 6 LOAD_CONST 0 ('Hi, how are you?') 8 CALL 1 16 RETURN_VALUE Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This representation is close to programs written in assembly or machine language, and LOAD_NAME 0 corresponds to a single bytecode instruction. The full list of bytecode instructions can be found in opcode.h . From a computer science perspective, this process converts the AST into instructions for a stack machine by traversing the AST nodes. Conceptually, the following sequence of instructions is generated: co_code = [ LOAD_NAME print LOAD_CONST "Hi, how are you?" CALL 1 RETURN_VALUE ] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Through this process, the bytecode is transformed into a form that the virtual machine can interpret directly. Execute the bytecode on the Python virtual machine As I mentioned in the section Generate bytecode , the Python virtual machine is a type of stack machine , which primarily uses a stack during calculation. A stack is a data structure used to store values in such a way that new data is added on top of existing data. When data is removed, the most recently added value is taken first. This behavior is known as Last In, First Out(LIFO) . The bytecode generated by the Python interpreter is designed to be executed efficiently on a stack-based virtual machine. Below, you can see a simplified explanation of how the previously shown bytecode is executed. For clarify, some details are omitted, so this description is not perfectly precise, but it should help build intuition. Instruction Meaning RESUME 0 Represent the start of a function call PUSH_NULL Push NULL onto the stack to indicate that this is not a method call LOAD_NAME 0 (print) Push the value of the variable print onto the stack LOAD_CONST 0 ('Hi, how are you?') Push the value of the variable Hi, how are you? onto the stack CALL 1 Pop the number of values specified by the variable argc from the top of the stack, and call the corresponding callable object RETURN_VALUE Return to the original caller On the Python virtual machine, this bytecode is executed sequentially from the top, with each instruction performing operations that push the resulting Python objects onto the stack. Execute machine instructions on the CPU The CPU executes programs that have been loaded into memory. In the case of Python, the CPU executes the machine instructions that implement the Python virtual machine. Let me briefly explain what machine instructions are. Machine instructions represent operations using binary values composed of zeros and ones. For readability, hexadecimal notation is often used so that humans can more easily interpret them. If you are interested, you can open a .pyc file using a binary editor to see this representation yourself. In the case of test.py , the machine instructions would look like the following. Note that these are shown in hexadecimal for human readability and differ from the actual machine instructions executed directly by the CPU. Now, let's return to the main discussion. For example, the CALL 1 bytecode instruction corresponds to invoking a specific case in a switch statement in C, conceptually described as follows: switch (opcode){ case CALL: /* Call a function with the given arguments */ } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To describe the entire flow precisely -- from execution on the Python virtual machine to execution on the CPU --it can be summarized as follows: The CALL 1 instruction is read by CPython's C implementation, which branches to the corresponding case CALL: in a switch statement. The CPU then executes the machine instructions that implement that case CALL: within CPython itself. At the Python level, the callable function is written as print . However, the actual callable object is implemented in CPython's C code, specifically as builtin_print_impl . The above describes the complete flow of how a Python program is executed. 3. What Happens When the print Function Is Called? Now, let's take a closer look at the behavior of the print function. Briefly speaking, print is not part of the standard library--it is a built-in function . Built-in functions are implemented directly in CPython's C source code. You can find the function object for print in the CPython repository here . As mentioned in the previous section, the impolementation corresponding to print is builtin_print_impl . To keep the discussion focused, I will paste the relevant part of the original source code below. static PyObject * builtin_print_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *sep, PyObject *end, PyObject *file, int flush) /*[clinic end generated code: output=3cfc0940f5bc237b input=c143c575d24fe665]*/ { int i, err; if (file == Py_None) { PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET(); file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stdout)); if (file == NULL) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "lost sys.stdout"); return NULL; } /* sys.stdout may be None when FILE* stdout isn't connected */ if (file == Py_None) { Py_RETURN_NONE; } } if (sep == Py_None) { sep = NULL; } else if (sep && !PyUnicode_Check(sep)) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "sep must be None or a string, not %.200s", Py_TYPE(sep)->tp_name); return NULL; } if (end == Py_None) { end = NULL; } else if (end && !PyUnicode_Check(end)) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "end must be None or a string, not %.200s", Py_TYPE(end)->tp_name); return NULL; } for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args); i++) { if (i > 0) { if (sep == NULL) { err = PyFile_WriteString(" ", file); } else { err = PyFile_WriteObject(sep, file, Py_PRINT_RAW); } if (err) { return NULL; } } err = PyFile_WriteObject(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i), file, Py_PRINT_RAW); if (err) { return NULL; } } if (end == NULL) { err = PyFile_WriteString("\n", file); } else { err = PyFile_WriteObject(end, file, Py_PRINT_RAW); } if (err) { return NULL; } if (flush) { PyObject *tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(file, &_Py_ID(flush)); if (tmp == NULL) { return NULL; } Py_DECREF(tmp); } Py_RETURN_NONE; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When the print function is called, characters are displayed on the standard output through the following sequenc of steps: Execute Python source code. Compile the source code into Python bytecode. Execute the bytecode on the Cpython virtual machine. Invoke the built-in print function. Call file.write() . Call the C standard library function write() . -- The steps above are executed within the Python runtime layer .-- Invoke a system call handled by the operating system kernel. Output the characters to the standard output. The connection between these steps and the previous sections may not be immediately clear, so before explaining each operation in detail, I will first provide some additional context. The steps above describe the observable behavior at a high level, while the CPU is continuously executing instructions behind the scenes. From the CPU's perspective, the steps above can be described as follows: While executing the machine instructions that implement the CPython virtual machine, the CPU reaches a CALL instruction and invokes the machine instructions corresponding to the built-in print function. During this process, execution transitions through PyFile_WriteObject to FileIO.write , and finally to the write system call. Visually, the process can be illustrated as follows: CPU └─ CPython VM（machine instructions） └─ builtin print（machine instructions） └─ PyFile_WriteObject（machine instructions） └─ FileIO.write（machine instructions） └─ libc write（machine instructions） └─ kernel write（machine instructions） Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode With this overview in mind, let's move on to a detailed explanation of the entire execution flow of the print function. Invoke the Built-in print Function Here, the actual callable object is defined as follows: static PyObject * builtin_print_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *sep, PyObject *end, PyObject *file, int flush) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When this object is invoked, the following steps are executed: ① Receive the given arguments as PyObject* values. ② Interpret the sep , end , file , and flush parameters. ③ Determine the output destination ( file ), which defaults to sys.stdout . Invoke the file.write() method on the output file object In the following C implementation, the write method of the Python file object is invoked. PyFile_WriteObject(obj, file, Py_PRINT_RAW); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Within builtinmodule.c , which was introduced in the previous section, the following function corresponds to this behavior. PyFile_WriteObject(sep, file, Py_PRINT_RAW) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In effect, this is equivalent to calling sys.stdout.write(...) at the Python level. Invoke the standard library function write() Python's sys.stdout is composed of multiple layers of wrapper objects, as illustrated below. TextIOWrapper └─ BufferedWriter └─ FileIO Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The C implementation of FileIO.write() is located in Module/_io/fileio.c , and the function _io_FileIO_write_impl provides the low-level implementation of FileIO.write() . /*[clinic input] _io.FileIO.write cls: defining_class b: Py_buffer / Write buffer b to file, return number of bytes written. Only makes one system call, so not all of the data may be written. The number of bytes actually written is returned. In non-blocking mode, returns None if the write would block. [clinic start generated code]*/ static PyObject * _io_FileIO_write_impl(fileio *self, PyTypeObject *cls, Py_buffer *b) /*[clinic end generated code: output=927e25be80f3b77b input=2776314f043088f5]*/ { Py_ssize_t n; int err; if (self->fd < 0) return err_closed(); if (!self->writable) { _PyIO_State *state = get_io_state_by_cls(cls); return err_mode(state, "writing"); } n = _Py_write(self->fd, b->buf, b->len); /* copy errno because PyBuffer_Release() can indirectly modify it */ err = errno; if (n < 0) { if (err == EAGAIN) { PyErr_Clear(); Py_RETURN_NONE; } return NULL; } return PyLong_FromSsize_t(n); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ( source ) The function prototype is shown below: _Py_write(fd, buf, size) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode At this level, execution transitions from the Python layer to the C I/O layer. Invoke a System Call Handled by the Operating System Kernel. In the entire execution of the print function, this step is the most expensive. During a system call, the following operations occur: ① Transition from user space to kernel space. ② Perform a context switch. ③ Write to standard output within the operating system. Transition from User Space to Kernel Space This step means that the CPU switches its execution mode. User space is where ordinary applications, such as Python programs, CPython itself and standard libraries, run. Code in user space cannot directly access hardware devices or protected memory. Kernel space is where the operating system runs. Device operations, file I/O and process management are handled in this space. The print function must transition from user space to kernel space in order to perform device-related operations. You can think of this transition as occurring when a system call, such as write() , is invoked. Perform a Context Switch This step means that the CPU switches its execution context. There are two types of context switches. One is (A) a transition from user mode to kernel mode, as described above. The other is (B) a process switch, where the CPU switches from one process to another. In the case of the print function, the important context switch is (A). This mode transition caused by a system call is the primary reason why I/O operations are expensive. The Operating System Handles Standard Output Briefly speaking, this step sends an instruction to the operating system that says, "Write these characters to the file descriptor whose value is 1." (File descriptor 1 corresponds to standard output.) Conceptually, standard output is processed as follows. Execute sys_write(fd=1, buf) ↓ Resolve the file descriptor to an internal file structure ↓ Route the output to the corresponding device, file, or pipe ↓ Apply buffering if necessary Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To summarize this flow more simply: When print() is called, CPython invokes write() , which switches the CPU execution mode from user mode to kernel mode. The operating system then resolves the file descriptor with value 1 (standard output) and writes the data to the appropriate destination, such as a terminal, file, or pipe. These kernel-level operations and device I/O are significantly more expensive than the mode switch itself, which is why frequent calls to print() can easily become a performance bottleneck. Output Characters To the Standard Output The kernel sends the characters to the appropriate output destination , which in this case is the terminal. 4. The Cause of the TLE: Calling print Inside a for Loop First of all, thank you for staying with me up to this point. As stated in the heading, the cause of the TLE I encountered was the repeated use of the print function inside a for loop. More precisely, the implementation introduced in the first chapter, which is described below, triggers a TLE because print is executed on every iteration of the loop. for i in range(n): print("prime" if is_prime(arr[i]) else "not prime") Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Each time the loop variable i i i is incremented by 1 , the print function is called. As explained throughout this article, calling print involves kernel-level operations and device I/O. Executing these expensive operations on every iteration significantly degrades performance. For example, when the maximum input value of 380,000 is provided, the print() function is invoked 380,000 times. This workload is simply too heavy for the CPU and the operating system to handle efficiently. This example clearly demonstrates that--even when using an efficient algorithm--an inappropriate implementation choice can lead to disastrous performance under the given input constraints. Now, let's take another look at the revised program. out = [] for x in arr: out.append("prime" if is_prime_table[x] else "not prime") print("\n".join(out)) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No matter how large the input value is, collecting the output values in an array results in calling the print function only once. When you compare a single call to print with 380,000 calls, the difference in CPU workload becomes immediately clear. This experience taught me an important lesson: when you encounter a TLE despite using an efficient algorithm, suspect I/O operations . I hope this article has helped you gain a deeper understanding of what happens behind the scenes and why such performance issues occur. If you find any mistakes, please let me know through the feedback form. I will revise them as quickly as possible. See you again in the next article! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse yumyum116 Follow A beginner who wants to transit my career into software engineer. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # contributorswanted Follow Hide For open source maintainers to get together with willing contributors. Create Post submission guidelines For open source maintainers looking for folks to get involved Older #contributorswanted posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) Michael Ellis Michael Ellis Michael Ellis Follow Nov 29 '25 A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) # healthydebate # community # contributorswanted Comments Add Comment 8 min read Brazilian - Python Lib Mauricio Reisdoefer Mauricio Reisdoefer Mauricio Reisdoefer Follow Nov 19 '25 Brazilian - Python Lib # python # opensource # contributorswanted 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🎉 BJH OS Contributions Are LIVE! 🎉 Muhammad Haris Muhammad Haris Muhammad Haris Follow Dec 4 '25 🎉 BJH OS Contributions Are LIVE! 🎉 # contributorswanted # github # css # javascript 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Volunteer Backend Developer (PHP + Containers) for Volt Europa Academy Ilario Truppa Ilario Truppa Ilario Truppa Follow Oct 19 '25 Volunteer Backend Developer (PHP + Containers) for Volt Europa Academy # contributorswanted # php # docker # kubernetes Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop Just Contributing to React: A Beginner's Guide to OSS Projects That Actually Want You Riyana Patel Riyana Patel Riyana Patel Follow for PullFlow Oct 16 '25 Stop Just Contributing to React: A Beginner's Guide to OSS Projects That Actually Want You # contributorswanted # resources # codenewbie # opensource 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read I Built an AI Flood Forecasting System with Next.js 15 & FastAPI - Here's How 🌊 Akshat Raj Akshat Raj Akshat Raj Follow Oct 12 '25 I Built an AI Flood Forecasting System with Next.js 15 & FastAPI - Here's How 🌊 # nextjs # contributorswanted # webdev # programming 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🎃 Contribute to a Go REST API Boilerplate — Perfect for Hacktoberfest Beginners! Hacktoberfest: Maintainer Spotlight Vahid Vahedi Vahid Vahedi Vahid Vahedi Follow Oct 6 '25 🎃 Contribute to a Go REST API Boilerplate — Perfect for Hacktoberfest Beginners! # hacktoberfest # go # contributorswanted # beginners 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read KIB in Batch benja2998 benja2998 benja2998 Follow Aug 21 '25 KIB in Batch # coding # contributorswanted # programming # bat Comments Add Comment 1 min read A Self-Destructing Inbox — Discover the Magic of TempMail3.com Ethan857 Ethan857 Ethan857 Follow Sep 9 '25 A Self-Destructing Inbox — Discover the Magic of TempMail3.com # programming # contributorswanted # webdev # ai 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Demi & Virtcomp Owen Boreham Owen Boreham Owen Boreham Follow Aug 2 '25 Demi & Virtcomp # virtualmachine # programming # startup # contributorswanted Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Failed Football Dreams to Tech: My Journey Vincent Tommi Vincent Tommi Vincent Tommi Follow Aug 8 '25 From Failed Football Dreams to Tech: My Journey # ai # contributorswanted # requestforpost # learning 2 reactions Comments 4 comments 5 min read From Chaos to Clarity: Help Us Build an Open-Source Brainstorm Engine Santiago Rincón Santiago Rincón Santiago Rincón Follow Jul 28 '25 From Chaos to Clarity: Help Us Build an Open-Source Brainstorm Engine # opensource # python # ai # contributorswanted 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Zero to Pro Contributor – A beginner-friendly open source session 💻 Yash Pandav Yash Pandav Yash Pandav Follow Jul 27 '25 From Zero to Pro Contributor – A beginner-friendly open source session 💻 # discuss # opensource # programming # contributorswanted 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read How to become an open-source contributor ? Aric Pandya Aric Pandya Aric Pandya Follow Jul 5 '25 How to become an open-source contributor ? # webdev # opensource # contributorswanted # programming 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Don't Be a Foolish, Contributing to Open Source the Right Way Raghav Raghav Raghav Follow Jun 22 '25 Don't Be a Foolish, Contributing to Open Source the Right Way # opensource # programming # github # contributorswanted 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read Greening is looking for beginner open source contributors! Chris Greening Chris Greening Chris Greening Follow Apr 6 '25 Greening is looking for beginner open source contributors! # opensource # python # contributorswanted # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read Everyone Loves Open Source… Until It's Time to Contribute Francesco Bianco Francesco Bianco Francesco Bianco Follow Apr 23 '25 Everyone Loves Open Source… Until It's Time to Contribute # opensource # programming # community # contributorswanted 7 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Saving Wildlife through Programming! Al Grant Al Grant Al Grant Follow Apr 6 '25 Saving Wildlife through Programming! # discuss # python # opensource # contributorswanted Comments Add Comment 1 min read Let’s Build Something for Nature and Humanity – Join the GreenPulse Community! Mahmud Rahman Mahmud Rahman Mahmud Rahman Follow Apr 2 '25 Let’s Build Something for Nature and Humanity – Join the GreenPulse Community! # community # programmers # opensource # contributorswanted 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Web Scraping project Ahmed Altayep Ahmed Altayep Ahmed Altayep Follow Feb 7 '25 Web Scraping project # webscraping # contributorswanted 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Future of AI in Meeting Management Sujith S Sujith S Sujith S Follow for Zackriya Solutions Feb 28 '25 The Future of AI in Meeting Management # productivity # opensource # contributorswanted # rust 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Your First Open Source Contribution: A Beginner's Guide Markus Markus Markus Follow Feb 24 '25 Your First Open Source Contribution: A Beginner's Guide # opensource # contributorswanted # beginners # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Join the SSB Community – Open Source Projects Await! 🚀 Suraj Singh Bisht Suraj Singh Bisht Suraj Singh Bisht Follow Jan 21 '25 Join the SSB Community – Open Source Projects Await! 🚀 # opensource # contributorswanted # beginners # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Outreachy Call for June 2025 Cohort mentoring. Isah Jacob Isah Jacob Isah Jacob Follow Feb 23 '25 Outreachy Call for June 2025 Cohort mentoring. # opensource # outreachy # contributorswanted 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Most Contributions 💪 Let's do it! MilesWK MilesWK MilesWK Follow Feb 22 '25 Most Contributions 💪 Let's do it! # discuss # github # contributorswanted # programming 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources A Critique & Refresh for the SXSW Community Manager Manifesto (2012) Brazilian - Python Lib 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . 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