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https://future.forem.com/editgene/at-just-one-year-old-he-joins-natures-10-the-story-of-a-crispr-breakthrough-4djn | At Just One Year Old, He Joins Nature’s 10: The Story of a CRISPR Breakthrough - Future Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Future Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse EDITGENE Posted on Dec 22, 2025 At Just One Year Old, He Joins Nature’s 10: The Story of a CRISPR Breakthrough # science # healthtech # biotech # genomics KJ Muldoon The Youngest Entry in the History of "Nature’s 10" In the 2025 edition of Nature’s 10—the annual list of ten people who helped shape science—an unprecedented name appeared: a one-year-old infant. He was not chosen for conducting research, but for being the subject of a medical milestone that redefined the boundaries of gene editing and therapy. His name is KJ Muldoon. Figure 1. KJ Muldoon (Source: Nature) Reports indicate that KJ Muldoon is the first patient in the world to successfully receive a personalized in vivo CRISPR gene-editing therapy. This breakthrough is considered a pivotal step in moving gene editing from the laboratory into real-world clinical applications. Previously, there have been pioneering cases in personalized gene therapy. The most well-known was Mila, whose treatment (Milasen) was custom-designed for a specific mutation in her genome. While it did not fully cure her, it successfully slowed the progression of her disease. This attempt laid the foundation for personalized medicine and is widely regarded as a milestone for N-of-1 (single-patient) gene therapy. Following Mila, other patients have achieved significant results through gene editing, but most of those cases involved ex vivo editing (where cells are edited outside the body and then re-infused). KJ’s treatment, however, represents a radical leap: it is the world’s first in vivo personalized CRISPR therapy. Scientists encapsulated the gene-editing tools within lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and injected them directly into KJ’s bloodstream. These particles specifically targeted liver cells to perform DNA repair. Theoretically, this means KJ may only require a limited number of treatments to achieve a permanent cure. 01.A Fatal Challenge: A Countdown from Birth Just 48 hours after birth, KJ began exhibiting symptoms of lethargy and respiratory distress. Blood tests revealed a staggering blood ammonia concentration of 1,703 μmol/L—more than 50 times the normal range. Such levels are typically seen only in severe urea cycle disorders or acute liver failure. In healthy individuals, blood ammonia levels range from 9-33 μmol/L; as ammonia accumulates, it causes neurological damage, including lethargy and seizures. Further elevation leads to coma, cerebral edema, and death. Figure 2. Schematic of the urea cycle The urea cycle is a critical metabolic pathway in the liver. Its primary function is to convert toxic ammonia (NH₃), a byproduct of protein breakdown, into non-toxic urea, which is then excreted via the kidneys. This process safely removes excess nitrogen and maintains nitrogen balance. Pediatricians at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) immediately initiated Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) and ordered genetic testing. The results showed two nonsense mutations in KJ’s CPS1 gene: c.1003C→T and c.2140G→T, inherited from each parent. KJ was formally diagnosed with Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency. This is an extremely rare genetic disorder with an estimated incidence of less than one in a million. Although individual rare diseases are scarce, they collectively affect millions worldwide, often with high mortality rates and little hope for survival. Conventional treatments, such as low-protein diets and liver transplantation, were not viable options for KJ at the time, as his infant body could not withstand the high risks of a transplant surgery. 02.Initiating Treatment: Applying Personalized CRISPR Therapy Faced with KJ’s deteriorating condition, pediatricians and scientists collaborated to attempt a tailor-made solution using cutting-edge CRISPR technology. The research team utilized Base Editing, a derivative of CRISPR genome editing. This technology allows for the precise correction of a mutation by swapping a single DNA base pair. By avoiding the double-strand breaks used in traditional CRISPR, it minimizes the risk of indel errors and reduces off-target effects. Figure 3. Base Editing The team targeted the Q335X mutation (c.1003C→T) inherited from KJ’s father. Using an Adenine Base Editor (ABE), they targeted the A-T base pair at the mutation site and converted it into a normal G-C base pair. This restored the correct amino acid sequence and, consequently, the function of the CPS1 gene. To ensure the editing tools reached the liver accurately, researchers used lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as delivery vehicles. The CRISPR editors were encapsulated within these LNPs and administered to KJ via intravenous injection. This highly customized therapy, named "k-abe," became the world’s first personalized CRISPR gene-editing therapy successfully applied to an infant. 03.Significant Outcomes: KJ’s Road to Recovery • At ~1 month old: A patient-specific cell line was established to study KJ’s unique genetic sequence. • At ~6 months old: As his condition worsened, KJ was officially placed on the liver transplant waiting list. Simultaneously: • Researchers worked around the clock to manufacture the gene-editing components in just six months—a process that normally takes 18 months. • The team conducted comprehensive testing, including toxicology studies in non-human primates and mice. • The team submitted a “Compassionate Use” application to the FDA; it was approved within a week, allowing the treatment to proceed. On February 25, 2025—209 days after birth—KJ received the world’s first personalized in vivo CRISPR treatment. The LNPs entered his circulation, were taken up by hepatocytes, and successfully repaired the pathogenic mutation in the CPS1 gene. Since then, KJ’s blood ammonia levels have not seen a significant spike. He has been able to gradually increase his protein intake, and his vital signs remain stable. While it is too early to declare a "total cure," the marked improvement in the early stages of treatment has brought new hope for his future. As of April 2025, KJ has received three doses of the therapy with no serious side effects. Shortly after treatment, he began tolerating increased protein intake and required fewer nitrogen scavengers. In May 2025, a report from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) referred to KJ as the "first infant to successfully receive personalized gene therapy." His treatment was meticulously designed to target non-germline cells, ensuring the genetic changes would not be passed to future generations. Figure 4. NIH related report 04.The Future of Personalized Gene Therapy KJ’s success has sparked widespread interest in the medical community regarding personalized gene therapy. His story is more than a personal victory over a life-threatening illness; it represents a massive leap in the application of genome engineering. It showcases the vast potential of CRISPR in personalized medicine, especially for addressing various rare genetic diseases. Through personalized therapy, CRISPR has evolved from a laboratory concept into a viable clinical solution. The U.S. FDA recently announced an accelerated approval pathway for personalized treatments for rare genetic diseases, opening new doors for clinical applications. Challenges remain, including long-term safety, the stability of therapeutic effects, and the high cost of customized treatments. Is KJ’s "N=1" miracle a prologue to the widespread adoption of gene therapy, or a unique case difficult to replicate? The answer will be written by time and continued scientific endeavor. 05.References: 1.Ledford, H. (2025). World’s first personalized CRISPR therapy given to baby with genetic disease. Nature, News Feature. 2.Ledford, H. (2025). The baby whose life was saved by the first personalized CRISPR therapy. Nature, News Feature. 3.National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). (2025). Infant with rare, incurable disease is first to successfully receive personalized gene therapy treatment. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Click to view the original link： https://www.editxor.com/blog/info/172 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse EDITGENE Follow EDITGENE is rooted in independent technology development and upholds the business philosophy of "Innovation · Sharing." We focus on developing and optimizing CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technologi Location 17800 Castleton St. Ste 665. City of Industry. 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https://dev.to/colocodes/react-class-components-vs-function-components-23m6#Conclusion | React: class components vs function components - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://design.forem.com/egledigital/emerging-graphic-design-trends-for-2026-2kel#comments | Emerging graphic design trends for 2026 - Design Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Karina Egle Posted on Nov 13, 2025 Emerging graphic design trends for 2026 # design # recommendations # webdesign # graphicdesign The graphic design is experiencing a fascinating collision between human creativity and AI innovation. I think we don't need to guess that AI is going to keep shaping graphic design trends and bringing the industry to the next level in 2026. Whether you're building digital products or running your own agency , understanding these trends is crucial for staying relevant. Bold Color Saturation Returns After years of muted minimalism, designers are embracing vibrant, saturated palettes. Electric gradients, unexpected color pairings, and multi-layered combinations are breaking through digital noise. This trend pairs high-impact colors with clean layouts, creating designs that demand attention while maintaining usability. Tactile Craft and Digital Texture The "Tactile Craft" movement brings handmade warmth to digital spaces: Digitally created embroidery and stitching effects 3D textures mimicking felt, wool, and paper Collage-style layering with depth Patchwork compositions combining contrasting materials This trend appeals to brands wanting approachability and authenticity in an AI-dominated world. Hyper-Individualism and Controlled Chaos Design is getting personal and sometimes messy – intentionally. After years of AI-generated perfection, designers are creating work that feels distinctly human: Surreal, abstract juxtapositions Trippy distortions and dreamlike visuals Scattered layouts that encourage exploration Imperfect elements that add character AI-Enhanced Creativity AI isn't replacing designers – it's becoming their power tool: Real-time concept generation Automated background removal and enhancement Pattern and texture creation at scale Rapid prototyping and iteration The key is using AI as a starting point, then adding human insight and refinement. Retro-Futurism Evolved The merger of nostalgia and futuristic imagination continues: Chrome textures and metallic finishes Space-age optimism with modern twists Y2K aesthetics updated for 2026 Neon colors paired with soft pastels Custom Patterns as Brand Identity Patterns are becoming full-fledged brand elements: Logo marks transformed into repeatable motifs Brand-specific patterns across all touchpoints Visual consistency without repetition Pattern systems that tell brand stories Motion and Micro-Animations Static design is becoming rare. Even subtle movements dramatically improve engagement: Kinetic typography that responds to scrolling Hover effects and interactive elements Loading animations that entertain Smooth transitions between states Elemental Folk and Heritage Design Modern interpretations of traditional craft: Folk motifs in contemporary compositions Regional patterns with minimalist execution Heritage colors in digital contexts Storytelling through cultural symbols Chaos Packaging and Maximalism The anti-minimalism movement is here: Clashing colors and playful typography Hand-drawn illustrations Collage-style layouts Information overload as aesthetic choice 3D Elements and Liquid Forms Bold, sculptural elements demanding attention: Oversized spheres and warped ribbons Liquid-metal shapes and glass effects Abstract forms that add depth Interactive 3D responding to user input Practical Applications For running your own agency or freelance design business: Offer trend consultation services Create template packages following current styles Develop brand systems incorporating multiple trends Provide AI-enhanced design services Tools Embracing These Trends Figma: For collaborative, modern layouts Adobe Creative Suite: AI-enhanced features Spline: For 3D web graphics Rive: For interactive animations 2026's design trends will reflect our desire for both technological advancement and human connection. Successful designers will blend AI efficiency with emotional intelligence, creating work that's both cutting-edge and deeply personal. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Karina Egle Follow SEO, content, digital products. Location Riga, Latvia Joined Mar 13, 2025 More from Karina Egle How UX in 2025 became more about intent than interaction # design # uxdesign # uidesign # webdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Design Community — Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Design Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where designers share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://open.forem.com/nnash/everything-you-need-to-launch-a-product-that-looks-legit-even-if-youre-bad-at-design-1hda | Everything You Need to Launch a Product That Looks Legit (Even If You’re Bad at Design) - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse N Nash Posted on Jan 5 Everything You Need to Launch a Product That Looks Legit (Even If You’re Bad at Design) # tools # programming # webdev # ai I’ve met a lot of developers who say the same thing: “The product works, but it doesn’t feel ready.” I’ve said it myself more times than I’d like to admit. Most failed launches I’ve seen (including my own) didn’t fail because of bad engineering. They failed because the product never crossed that invisible line where users think, “Okay, this looks legit.” This article is a practical breakdown of everything I needed to launch a product that felt trustworthy , not just functional especially when I didn’t have strong design skills. No fluff. No “best tools” claims. Just the stack that helped me ship. The Mindset Shift: “Looks Legit” Beats “Looks Perfect” Before tools, let’s reset expectations. You don’t need: Award‑winning visuals A custom design system A brand agency You do need: Consistency Clarity Signals of care Users are surprisingly forgiving about missing features. They’re far less forgiving when something feels sloppy or unfinished. That’s the bar we’re aiming for. Part 1: The Technical Stack (Foundations That Don’t Get in the Way) I intentionally chose a stack that was boring, documented, and predictable. Frontend: Next.js Next.js gave me: File‑based routing Server components where needed Easy SEO defaults Most importantly, it let me move fast without fighting the framework. Styling: Tailwind CSS Tailwind isn’t about aesthetics—it’s about constraints . For someone bad at design, constraints are a gift. Utility classes prevented me from inventing new spacing, colors, and font sizes on every screen. Backend + Auth: Supabase Supabase handled: Authentication Database Row‑level security Less backend code meant more time refining the product. Payments: Stripe Stripe’s developer experience is still unmatched. Webhooks, test modes, and docs all worked as expected. Hosting: Vercel Push to main. Get a preview URL. Done. This stack wasn’t exciting but it was stable. And stability matters when you’re solo. Part 2: The Missing Half — The Non‑Technical Stack Here’s where most dev‑focused articles stop. But this is also where most launches fall apart. Your non‑technical stack is what turns a working app into something people trust. Branding Is Not Decoration (It’s Infrastructure) I used to treat branding as a final step: “I’ll fix the visuals once everything works.” That mindset always backfired. Without a brand system: Every page feels slightly different Emails feel disconnected Social previews look generic That inconsistency sends a subtle message: this might be unfinished. Why I Didn’t Try to Design Everything Myself I’ve tried: Figma templates UI kits Tweaking colors endlessly It always cost me time and confidence. I didn’t want to become a designer. I wanted a design baseline I could rely on. That’s where Zoviz came in. Zoviz as Part of the Stack (Not a Special Case) I didn’t treat Zoviz as a “branding solution.” I treated it like Tailwind or Vercel: a tool that fills a gap I don’t want to manage manually. Zoviz became my “design teammate” when I didn’t have one. Using Zoviz, I: Generated a brand direction using the AI Brand Generator Created a logo that didn’t look amateur Exported a full brand kit (colors, fonts, assets) The value wasn’t the logo itself—it was the single source of truth . What Changed Once Branding Was Locked Once the brand kit existed: UI decisions got faster Landing page copy felt easier to write Social visuals stopped feeling random I wasn’t designing anymore. I was applying decisions that were already made. That distinction matters. Visuals: Simple Beats Fancy I didn’t create: Complex illustrations Custom icon sets Animated graphics I created: Clean screenshots Simple branded images One short demo visual Consistency did more work than creativity ever could. Copy Is a Design Tool Too Good copy compensates for average design. I focused on: Clear headlines Short paragraphs Honest language No hype. No buzzwords. Just explaining what the product does and who it’s for. When copy and visuals align, the product feels intentional. Launch Assets Most Developers Ignore Here’s what made a bigger difference than expected: Social preview images that matched the site A basic demo walkthrough Branded email signatures None of these were technically hard, but without a brand system, they’re annoying to create. With Zoviz, they were straightforward. What I’d Do Differently Next Time If I were starting again: I’d define branding on day one I’d spend less time tweaking UI details I’d focus on trust signals earlier Design decisions should reduce friction, not create it. A Simple Checklist for “Looks Legit” Before launching, I now ask: Do all screens use the same colors and fonts? Do emails look like they belong to the product? Would I trust this if I found it on Product Hunt? If the answer is yes, it’s ready. Final Thoughts Launching a product that looks legit isn’t about being good at design. It’s about: Choosing the right defaults Using tools that remove decision fatigue Treating branding like infrastructure For me, Zoviz fit naturally into the non‑technical side of the stack—just another tool that helped me ship with confidence. And when you’re building solo, confidence is often the difference between shipping and stalling. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse N Nash Follow I like to code at day and write at night. Joined Nov 1, 2025 More from N Nash Top 10 Must-Have Tools for Freelance Content Writers in 2026 # writing # freelance # ai # productivity 10 Free & Paid AI Tools That Saved Me 20 Hours This Week as a Social Media Manager (No Burnout, Just Smart Work) # productivity # ai # aitool # beginners 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://www.anthropic.com/claude/haiku | Skip to main content Skip to footer Research Economic Futures Commitments Learn News Try Claude Claude 4.5 Haiku Our fastest model, a lightweight version of our most powerful AI, at a more affordable price Try Claude Get API access Announcements New Claude Haiku 4.5 Oct 15, 2025 Claude Haiku 4.5 is our fastest, most cost-efficient model, matching Sonnet 4’s performance on coding, computer use, and agent tasks. Claude Haiku 4.5 scores 73.3% on SWE-bench Verified, making it one of the world's best coding models. Read more Claude 3.5 Haiku Oct 22, 2024 For a similar speed to Haiku 3, Haiku 3.5 improved across every skill set and surpassed Opus 3, the largest model in our previous generation, on many intelligence benchmarks. Read more Availability and pricing Anyone can chat with Claude using Haiku 4.5 on Claude.ai , available on web, iOS, and Android. For developers, Haiku 4.5 is available on the Claude Developer Platform natively, and in Amazon Bedrock, Google Cloud's Vertex AI, and Microsoft Foundry. Claude Haiku 4.5 is also available in Claude Code. Pricing for Haiku 4.5 on the Claude Developer Platform starts at $1 per million input tokens and $5 per million output tokens, with up to 90% cost savings with prompt caching and 50% cost savings with batch processing . To get started, simply use claude-haiku-4-5 via the Claude API . Use cases Haiku 4.5 brings advanced capabilities at a price that makes Claude practical for scaled deployments, from powering free tier products to budget-conscious applications that still need strong performance. Powering free user experiences Haiku 4.5 is fast and affordable enough to power AI agents for all your users, even in your free tier. Latency-sensitive experiences Haiku 4.5 is now ideal for real-time applications like customer service agents and chatbots where response time is critical. Coding sub-agents Haiku 4.5 powers sub-agents, enabling multi-agent systems that tackle complex refactors, migrations, and large feature builds with quality and speed. Financial analysis Haiku 4.5 can monitor thousands of data streams at once—tracking regulatory changes, market signals, and portfolio risks in real time. Research sub-agents Haiku 4.5 can tackle dozens of research sources simultaneously, from literature reviews to data synthesis, in hours instead of weeks. Benchmarks Haiku 4.5 delivers strong performance and speed across coding, tool use, and reasoning tasks—matching Sonnet 4 on coding, computer use, and agentic workflows at substantially lower cost and faster speeds. Trust & Safety We've conducted extensive testing and evaluation of Haiku 4.5, working with external experts to ensure it meets our standards for safety, security, and reliability. In the model card for this release, we discuss new safety results in several categories. Hear from our customers Our early testing shows that Claude Haiku 4.5 brings efficient code generation to GitHub Copilot with comparable quality to Sonnet 4 but at faster speed . Already we're seeing it as an excellent choice for Copilot users who value speed and responsiveness in their AI-powered development workflows. Matthew Isabel Distinguished Product Manager Historically models have sacrificed speed and cost for quality. Claude Haiku 4.5 is blurring the lines on this trade off: it's a fast frontier model that keeps costs efficient and signals where this class of models is headed. Jeff Wang CEO Claude Haiku 4.5 delivers intelligence without sacrificing speed , enabling us to build AI applications that utilize both deep reasoning and real-time responsiveness. Ben Lafferty Staff Engineer Claude Haiku 4.5 is remarkably capable— just six months ago, this level of performance would have been state-of-the-art on our internal benchmarks. Now it runs up to 4-5 times faster than Sonnet 4.5 at a fraction of the cost, unlocking an entirely new set of use cases. Andrew Filev CEO Claude Haiku 4.5 hit a sweet spot we didn't think was possible: near-frontier coding quality with blazing speed and cost efficiency . In Augment's agentic coding evaluation, it achieves 90% of Sonnet 4.5's performance, matching much larger models. We're excited to offer it to our users. Guy Gur-Ari Co-Founder Claude Haiku 4.5 outperformed our current models on instruction-following for slide text generation , achieving 65% accuracy versus 44% from our premium tier model—that's a game-changer for our unit economics. Jon Noronha Co-Founder , Gamma Speed is the new frontier for AI agents operating in feedback loops. Haiku 4.5 proves you can have both intelligence and rapid output . It handles complex workflows reliably, self-corrects in real-time, and maintains momentum without latency overhead. For most development tasks, it's the ideal performance balance. Brad Axen Tech Lead, AI Claude Haiku 4.5 is a leap forward for agentic coding , particularly for sub-agent orchestration and computer use tasks. The responsiveness makes AI-assisted development in Warp feel instantaneous. Zach Lloyd Founder & CEO 01 / 08 Frequently asked questions When should I use Haiku 4.5? Haiku 4.5 scores 73.3% on SWE-bench Verified, making it one of the world’s best coding models. Haiku 4.5 excels at parallelized execution, sub-agents, and high-volume operations, while Sonnet 4.5 delivers frontier performance for complex coding agents and sophisticated reasoning. How much does it cost to use Haiku 4.5? Pricing depends on how you want to use Haiku 4.5. To learn more, check out our pricing page . 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/ebook/en/desktop-gui/basics/basic-workflow | The Basic Workflow | Learn Git Ebook (GUI Edition) Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download The Basic Workflow The basic Git workflow consists of editing files, staging changes, and committing snapshots. Let's take a look at this process in detail. Table of Contents Part 1 - The Basics What is Version Control? Why Use Version Control? Setting Up Git on Your Computer The Basic Workflow Starting with an Unversioned Project Starting with an Existing Project Working on Your Project Part 2 - Branching & Merging Branching can Change Your Life Working with Branches Saving Changes Temporarily Checking Out a Local Branch Merging Changes Branching Workflows Part 3 - Sharing Work via Remote Repositories Introduction to Remote Repositories Connecting a Remote Repository Inspecting Remote Data Integrating Remote Changes Publishing a Local Branch Deleting Branches Part 4 - Advanced Topics Undoing Things Inspecting Changes with Diffs Dealing with Merge Conflicts Rebase as an Alternative to Merge Submodules Forking Pull Requests Workflows with git-flow Handling Large Files with LFS Authentication with SSH Public Keys Part 5 - Tools & Services Diff & Merge Tools Code Hosting Services More Learning Resources Appendix Version Control Best Practices Switching from Subversion to Git Why Git? Learn on: Desktop GUI | Command Line The Basic Workflow of Version Control Before we get lost in Git commands, you should understand what a basic workflow with version control looks like. We'll walk through each step in detail later in this book. But first, let's get an understanding of what the workflow in general is like. The most basic building block of version control is a "repository". Glossary Repository Think of a repository as a kind of database where your VCS stores all the versions and metadata that accumulate in the course of your project. In Git, the repository is just a simple hidden folder named ".git" in the root directory of your project. Knowing that this folder exists is more than enough. You don't have to (and, moreover, should not) touch anything inside this magical folder. Getting such a repository on your local machine can be done in two ways: (a) If you have a project locally on your computer that is not yet under version control, you can initialize a new repository for this project. (b) If you're getting on board of a project that's already running, chances are there is a repository on a remote server (on the internet or on your local network). You'll then probably be provided with a URL to this repository that you will then "clone" (download / copy) to your local computer. (1) As soon as you have a local repository, you can start working on your files: modify, delete, add, copy, rename, or move files in whatever application (your favorite editor, a file browser, ...) you prefer. In this step, you don't have to watch out for anything . Just make any changes necessary to move your project forward. (2) It's only when you feel you've reached a noteworthy state that you have to consider version control again. Then it's time to wrap up your changes in a commit. Glossary Commit A commit is a wrapper for a specific set of changes. The author of a commit has to comment what he did in a short "commit message". This helps other people (and himself) to understand later what his intention was when making these changes. Every set of changes implicitly creates a new, different version of your project. Therefore, every commit also marks a specific version. It's a snapshot of your complete project at that certain point in time (but saved in a much more efficient way than simply duplicating the whole project...). The commit knows exactly how all of your files and directories looked and can therefore be used, e.g., to restore the project to that certain state. (3) However, before you commit, you'll want to get an overview of what you've changed so far. The "Working Copy" view in Tower shows you a complete list of all the changes you performed since the last commit: which files did you change? Did you create any new ones or deleted some old ones? (4) Next, you tell Git which of your local changes you want to wrap up in the next commit. Only because a file was changed doesn't mean it will be part of the next commit! Instead, you have to explicitly decide which changes you want to include. To do this, you add them to the so-called "Staging Area". (5) Now, having added some changes to the Staging Area, it's time to actually commit these changes. You'll have to add a short and meaningful message that describes what you actually did. The commit will then be recorded in your local Git repository, marking a new version of your project. (6) From time to time, you'll want to have a look at what happened in the project - especially if you're working together with other people. Tower's "History" view lists all the commits that were saved in chronological order. This allows you to see which changes were made in detail and helps you comprehend how the project evolved. (7) Also when collaborating with others, you'll both want to share (some of) your changes with them and receive the changes they made. A remote repository on a server is used to make this exchange possible. Glossary Local & Remote Repositories There are two kinds of repositories: A "local" repository resides on your local computer, as a ".git" folder inside your project's root folder. You are the only person that can work with this repository, by committing changes to it. A "remote" repository, in contrast, is typically located on a remote server on the internet or in your local network. No actual working files are associated with a remote repository: it has no working directory but it exclusively consists of the ".git" repository folder. Teams are using remote repositories to share & exchange data: they serve as a common base where everybody can publish their own changes and receive changes from their teammates. 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https://readysetcloud.io | Ready, Set, Cloud! Blog Newsletter Podcast Talks Comics About Join the newsletter Ready, Set, Cloud! Picks of the Week Best of cloud + AI from real builders. One spotlighted builder, standout articles, a must-see social post, and a crisp takeaway - curated by Allen Helton. Community Builder-focused Cloud Newsletter Fresh picks in your inbox every week Curated highlights from real builders: a spotlight, top reads, one social signal, and a concise summary on modern cloud + serverless + AI. Trusted by thousands of engineers, architects, and builders. × Email First name Last name Subscribe No spam. Unsubscribe anytime. Thanks for subscribing! Check your inbox to confirm. Something went wrong. Please try again. A weekly publication from Allen Helton Thoughts, patterns, and lessons from building real cloud and AI systems Writing, talks, and curated picks on cloud-native systems and practical AI, shared weekly. Join the weekly picks Weekly content and curated picks. Already subscribed? You're in the right place. Things worth reading See all article When serving images from S3 stopped being good enough Serving images from S3 worked for years, until it didn't. Here's how I moved image optimization out of my workflow and made performance the … article Road to re:Invent Hackathon: How Not to Build a Serverless App I built a deliberately overengineered serverless hackathon project with agents, event-driven choreography, and what not to do... on purpose. article Trust will make or break AI agents Why trust—not hype—will determine the future of AI tools. Without authority, adoption stalls. Here's what we need to move forward. mail 2026 - The year we build better By Allen Helton 12 January 2026 Coming back from vacation leaves many of us highly-motivated to build new, better software. Read issue article When serving images from S3 stopped being good enough By Allen Helton 07 January 2026 Serving images from S3 worked for years, until it didn't. Here's how I moved image optimization out of my workflow and made performance the default. Read the full article mail Welcome to 2026! By Allen Helton 05 January 2026 As we ease into the new year, we had some good content that helps us get excited about building. Read issue mail It’s Builder Week By Allen Helton 29 December 2025 Many of us are taking off for the holidays, which means builders are at home building! We had some great content sharing fun side projects last week. Read issue article Road to re:Invent Hackathon: How Not to Build a Serverless App By Allen Helton 23 December 2025 I built a deliberately overengineered serverless hackathon project with agents, event-driven choreography, and what not to do... on purpose. Read the full article mail Measuring cold starts scientifically By Allen Helton 22 December 2025 "Yes, but what about cold starts" is a phrase that makes us roll our eyes every time we hear it. But now we can throw out some scientific proofs! Read issue «« « 1 2 3 4 5 » »» Join the Ready, Set, Cloud Picks of the Week Weekly writing and curated picks on cloud-native systems and practical AI. Browse past issues to see if it’s for you. Browse past issues . Join the Ready, Set, Cloud Picks of the Week Thank you for subscribing! Check your inbox to confirm. View past issues. | Read the latest posts. Social Contacts linkedin github rss Content Categories Ai API Application development Blogging Career Guest post Leadership Personal Personal growth Podcast Proof of concept Serverless Solutions architect Tech Tutorial Ux Tags A2a Agile Ai Ai agents API Application development Architecture Automation Aws Blogging Quick Links Home Blog Newsletter Podcast About Comics Agent Card Legal General Terms of Use Privacy Policy Terms of Service | copyright © 2025 Ready, Set, Cloud! | All Rights Reserved | | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://design.forem.com/design_youtube/jesse-showalter-replit-connectors-f8g | Jesse Showalter: Replit Connectors - Design Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Design YouTube Posted on Oct 19, 2025 Jesse Showalter: Replit Connectors # tools # resources # sideprojects Replit Connectors: A Game-Changer for AI-Assisted Coding Replit’s new Connectors, unveiled with Agent 3, let you build apps and automations directly on top of your own data—turning your AI agent into a true teammate that can jump into the tools you already love. In his video breakdown, Jesse Showalter shows how these Connectors streamline workflows, connect AI to Figma, Framer, Notion, and more, and position Replit as a heavyweight in the AI coding arena. Whether you’re an indie developer, part of a small team, or a creative maker, Connectors promise faster integrations, smarter pipelines, and a more unified dev experience. With your AI no longer confined to simple code suggestions, you get a powerful assistant that actually interacts with your projects in real time. Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Design YouTube Follow Joined Jul 11, 2025 More from Design YouTube Bring Your Own Laptop: Davinci Essentials Course Launch Party! # design # tools # recommendations # resources Bring Your Own Laptop: Elevate Your Designs with Motion (After Effects Tips for Designers) # design # tools # recommendations # resources Jesse Showalter: Beginners Guide to Freelancing # recommendations # resources # sideprojects # career 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Design Community — Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Design Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where designers share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/colocodes/react-class-components-vs-function-components-23m6#table-of-contents | React: class components vs function components - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-rest-api-authorization-with-jwt-roles-vs-claims-vs-policy-step-by-step-5bgn#authorisation | Asp Net Core - Rest API Authorization with JWT (Roles Vs Claims Vs Policy) - Step by Step - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohamad Lawand Posted on Oct 18, 2021 Asp Net Core - Rest API Authorization with JWT (Roles Vs Claims Vs Policy) - Step by Step # dotnet # csharp # jet # authorization In this article we will go through AspNet Core Authorisation (Roles, Claims and Policies). When do you want to use each and give you a better understanding on they fit together. So what we will cover today: Authentication vs Authorisation What is Authentication What is Authorisation Authorisation type What is a Role What is a Claim What is a Policy Ingredients Code and Implementations You can watch the full video on YouTube You can find the source code on GitHub https://github.com/mohamadlawand087/v48-AspNetCore-Authorisation This is Part 4 of API dev series you can check the different parts by following the links: Part 1: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-2mb6 Part 2: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-authentication-with-jwt-step-by-step-140d Part 3: https://dev.to/moe23/refresh-jwt-with-refresh-tokens-in-asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-3en5 Authentication vs Authorisation Before we dive into this topic too deep, despite the similar-sounding terms, authentication and authorisation are separate steps in the login process. Authentication Authentication is the act of validating that users are whom they claim to be. This is the first step in any security process. Logging into your email or unlocking your phone is a form of authenticaiton, where you are required to give some sort of credentials so the system will let you in and you can view your information. Authentication can take many forms: Passwords. Usernames and passwords ****are the most common authentication factors. If a user enters the correct data, the system assumes the identity is valid and grants access. One-time pins. Grant access for only one session or transaction. Authentication apps. Generate security codes via an outside party that grants access. Biometrics. A user presents a fingerprint or eye scan to gain access to the system. In some instances, systems require the successful verification of more than one factor before granting access. This multi-factor authentication (MFA) requirement is often deployed to increase security beyond what passwords alone can provide. Authorisation: we first need to define what authentication actually is, and more importantly, what it’s not. Refers to the process that determines what a user is able to do. In other words, Authorization proves you have the right to make a request. When you try to go backstage at a concert or an event, you don’t necessarily have to prove that you are who you say you are – you show the ticket, which is the proof that you have the right to be where you’re trying to get into. Authorization is independent from authentication. However, authorization requires an authentication mechanism. Roles: They are a set of permissions to do certain activities in the application. We can think of a role as if its a boolean wether we have this role or not, true or false. So what we do with roles is we attach functionality to a role and once we assign a user to a role those set of functionalities are set to the user. Once we remove the role these functionalities are removed. A role will protect access to the funciton, without the user having that correct role the user will not be able to execute that function Claims: They are completely different from Roles, Claim based is more flexible then roles they are key value pair. The claim belong to a user or an entity and claim is used to describe the user or the entity. Claims are essentially user properties and they inform the authorisation about the user. To illustrate it more let us check the driver license example again We can see here that there is 11 claims on this licesne which basically mean there is 11 pieces of information about the user. So if we want to translate this into a code based structure it will be something like this { "dl" : "123456789" , "exp" : "07/11/2025" , "ln" : "DOE" , "fn" : "John" , "dob" : "09/05/1993" , "sex" : "M" , "hair" : "brn" , "eyes" : "blue" , "hgt" : "6.0" "wgt" : "183lb" , "class" : "C" } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode So these claims will be given to the user once they log in. Claims can work with roles or with out roles, based on how we want to implement the authorisation process. Policy: They are functions or rules which are used to check the user information and check if permission is granted or denied. Policies which basically starts with the context which checks the user against a policy list and based on the list it will either grant or deny permision to the requested resource. Role based authrisation and Claims based authorisation use requirements, a requirements handler and a pre-configured policy. Policy consist of one or more requirements Roles vs Claims vs Policy A role is a symbolic category that collects together users who share the same levels of security privileges. Role-based authorization requires first identifying the user, then ascertaining the roles to which the user is assigned, and finally comparing those roles to the roles that are authorized to access a resource. In contrast, a claim is not group based, rather it is identity based. Code We will continue building on the last project that we used authorisation with JWT token you can find the source code on github https://github.com/mohamadlawand087/v8-refreshtokenswithJWT Once we clone this repo we can start building our authorisation The first thing we need to do is to update the startup class to include Roles in our identity providers. Inside the ConfigureServices in the Startup class we need to update the following services . AddIdentity < IdentityUser , IdentityRole >( options => options . SignIn . RequireConfirmedAccount = true ) . AddEntityFrameworkStores < ApiDbContext >(); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Then we need to do is to create a new controller called SetupController inside the controller folder and add the following [ Route ( "api/[controller]" )] // api/setup [ ApiController ] public class SetupController : ControllerBase { private readonly ApiDbContext _context ; private readonly RoleManager < IdentityRole > _roleManager ; private readonly UserManager < IdentityUser > _userManager ; protected readonly ILogger < SetupController > _logger ; public SetupController ( ApiDbContext context , RoleManager < IdentityRole > roleManager , UserManager < IdentityUser > userManager , ILogger < SetupController > logger ) { _logger = logger ; _roleManager = roleManager ; _userManager = userManager ; _context = context ; } [ HttpGet ] public IActionResult GetAllRoles () { var roles = _roleManager . Roles . ToList (); return Ok ( roles ); } [ HttpPost ] public async Task < IActionResult > CreateRole ( string roleName ) { var roleExist = await _roleManager . RoleExistsAsync ( roleName ); if (! roleExist ) { //create the roles and seed them to the database: Question 1 var roleResult = await _roleManager . CreateAsync ( new IdentityRole ( roleName )); if ( roleResult . Succeeded ) { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , "Roles Added" ); return Ok ( new { result = $"Role { roleName } added successfully" }); } else { _logger . LogInformation ( 2 , "Error" ); return BadRequest ( new { error = $"Issue adding the new { roleName } role" }); } } return BadRequest ( new { error = "Role already exist" }); } // Get all users [ HttpGet ] [ Route ( "GetAllUsers" )] public async Task < IActionResult > GetAllUsers () { var users = await _userManager . Users . ToListAsync (); return Ok ( users ); } // Add User to role [ HttpPost ] [ Route ( "AddUserToRole" )] public async Task < IActionResult > AddUserToRole ( string email , string roleName ) { var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); if ( user != null ) { var result = await _userManager . AddToRoleAsync ( user , roleName ); if ( result . Succeeded ) { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"User { user . Email } added to the { roleName } role" ); return Ok ( new { result = $"User { user . Email } added to the { roleName } role" }); } else { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"Error: Unable to add user { user . Email } to the { roleName } role" ); return BadRequest ( new { error = $"Error: Unable to add user { user . Email } to the { roleName } role" }); } } // User doesn't exist return BadRequest ( new { error = "Unable to find user" }); } // Get specific user role [ HttpGet ] [ Route ( "GetUserRoles" )] public async Task < IActionResult > GetUserRoles ( string email ) { // Resolve the user via their email var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); // Get the roles for the user var roles = await _userManager . GetRolesAsync ( user ); return Ok ( roles ); } // Remove User to role [ HttpPost ] [ Route ( "RemoveUserFromRole" )] public async Task < IActionResult > RemoveUserFromRole ( string email , string roleName ) { var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); if ( user != null ) { var result = await _userManager . RemoveFromRoleAsync ( user , roleName ); if ( result . Succeeded ) { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"User { user . Email } removed from the { roleName } role" ); return Ok ( new { result = $"User { user . Email } removed from the { roleName } role" }); } else { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"Error: Unable to removed user { user . Email } from the { roleName } role" ); return BadRequest ( new { error = $"Error: Unable to removed user { user . Email } from the { roleName } role" }); } } // User doesn't exist return BadRequest ( new { error = "Unable to find user" }); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Once we finished with the SetupController let us move to the AuthManagement Controller and update the following // We need to add the following before the constructor private readonly RoleManager < IdentityRole > _roleManager ; protected readonly ILogger < AuthManagementController > _logger ; // We need to update the constructor to the following public AuthManagementController ( UserManager < IdentityUser > userManager , RoleManager < IdentityRole > roleManager , IOptionsMonitor < JwtConfig > optionsMonitor , TokenValidationParameters tokenValidationParams , ILogger < AuthManagementController > logger , ApiDbContext apiDbContext ) { _logger = logger ; _userManager = userManager ; _roleManager = roleManager ; _jwtConfig = optionsMonitor . CurrentValue ; _tokenValidationParams = tokenValidationParams ; _apiDbContext = apiDbContext ; } // We need to create a GetValidClaims method private async Task < List < Claim >> GetValidClaims ( IdentityUser user ) { IdentityOptions _options = new IdentityOptions (); var claims = new List < Claim > { new Claim ( "Id" , user . Id ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Email , user . Email ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Sub , user . Email ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Jti , Guid . NewGuid (). ToString ()), new Claim ( _options . ClaimsIdentity . UserIdClaimType , user . Id . ToString ()), new Claim ( _options . ClaimsIdentity . UserNameClaimType , user . UserName ), }; var userClaims = await _userManager . GetClaimsAsync ( user ); var userRoles = await _userManager . GetRolesAsync ( user ); claims . AddRange ( userClaims ); foreach ( var userRole in userRoles ) { claims . Add ( new Claim ( ClaimTypes . Role , userRole )); var role = await _roleManager . FindByNameAsync ( userRole ); if ( role != null ) { var roleClaims = await _roleManager . GetClaimsAsync ( role ); foreach ( Claim roleClaim in roleClaims ) { claims . Add ( roleClaim ); } } } return claims ; } // We need to update the GenerateJwtToken method var claims = await GetValidClaims ( user ); var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Subject = new ClaimsIdentity ( claims ), Expires = DateTime . UtcNow . AddMinutes ( 5 ), // 5-10 SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials ( new SymmetricSecurityKey ( key ), SecurityAlgorithms . HmacSha256Signature ) }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Next we need to update the TodoController attribute to add the roles to it [ Authorize ( AuthenticationSchemes = JwtBearerDefaults . AuthenticationScheme , Roles = "AppUser" )] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now let us give this a try Will create a new user Will create a role called AppUser Will assign the role to the user Will login and get a JWT token Will try to access GetItems endpoint Now we start by adding our ClaimSetup Controller, inside the controller folder will add a new class called ClaimSetupController and will add the following [ Route ( "api/[controller]" )] // api/ClaimSetup [ ApiController ] public class ClaimSetupController : ControllerBase { private readonly ApiDbContext _context ; private readonly RoleManager < IdentityRole > _roleManager ; private readonly UserManager < IdentityUser > _userManager ; protected readonly ILogger < ClaimSetupController > _logger ; public ClaimSetupController ( ApiDbContext context , RoleManager < IdentityRole > roleManager , UserManager < IdentityUser > userManager , ILogger < ClaimSetupController > logger ) { _logger = logger ; _roleManager = roleManager ; _userManager = userManager ; _context = context ; } [ HttpGet ] public async Task < IActionResult > GetAllClaims ( string email ) { var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); var claims = await _userManager . GetClaimsAsync ( user ); return Ok ( claims ); } // Add Claim to user [ HttpPost ] [ Route ( "AddClaimToUser" )] public async Task < IActionResult > AddClaimToUser ( string email , string claimName , string value ) { var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); var userClaim = new Claim ( claimName , value ); if ( user != null ) { var result = await _userManager . AddClaimAsync ( user , userClaim ); if ( result . Succeeded ) { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"the claim { claimName } add to the User { user . Email } " ); return Ok ( new { result = $"the claim { claimName } add to the User { user . Email } " }); } else { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"Error: Unable to add the claim { claimName } to the User { user . Email } " ); return BadRequest ( new { error = $"Error: Unable to add the claim { claimName } to the User { user . Email } " }); } } // User doesn't exist return BadRequest ( new { error = "Unable to find user" }); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we need to update the Startup class to create a Claims Policy, inside the Startup.cs in the root directoty we need to add the following in the ConfigureServices method services . AddAuthorization ( options => { options . AddPolicy ( "ViewItemsPolicy" , policy => policy . RequireClaim ( "ViewItems" )); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Next we need to update the TodoController with the following on any action we want [ HttpGet ] [ Authorize ( Policy = "ViewItemsPolicy" )] public async Task < IActionResult > GetItems () { var items = await _context . Items . ToListAsync (); return Ok ( items ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now let us test this Using the same account that we created earlier we need to add the claim to it We utilise the new endpoint we created http://localhost:8090/api/ClaimSetup/AddClaimToUser and we add the claim to the user account We try to access the http://localhost:8090/api/todo any other user who doesnt have the claim should not be able to access this. Top comments (7) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Mukhtar Khan Mukhtar Khan Mukhtar Khan Follow Joined Oct 2, 2024 • Oct 2 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Implementing REST API authorization in ASP.NET Core with JWT involves understanding roles, claims, and policies. Start by configuring JWT authentication in Startup.cs . Define roles for user types, use claims for specific permissions, and create policies for complex authorization scenarios. Finally, protect your endpoints using the [Authorize] attribute. For a detailed, step-by-step guide, visit** zelajet.com** for expert resources! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Manuel Manuel Manuel Follow Joined Oct 22, 2021 • Oct 22 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad! VERY THANKS for this series! It is very usefull for me! But I've one doubt. I've evrything configured in my API, but how I can configure my client to send the tokens in the requests to the API? So once I'm logued in I can retrive any data from the API? Thanks a lot! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GitRedaAmine GitRedaAmine GitRedaAmine Follow Joined Sep 29, 2021 • May 6 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide check if you have added the AllowAnyOrigin of your client app in your asp.net core project // global cors policy app.UseCors(x => x .SetIsOriginAllowed(origin => true) .AllowAnyMethod() .AllowAnyHeader() .AllowCredentials()); Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Suraj Nandi Suraj Nandi Suraj Nandi Follow I am a web developer Location West Bengal, India Joined Nov 3, 2020 • Sep 6 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad! It is very usefull for me! But I've one doubt, i can't update Role and Users using PUT method. Can you explain how to do this. By the way very very thanks for this! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GitRedaAmine GitRedaAmine GitRedaAmine Follow Joined Sep 29, 2021 • May 6 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It is nice article , very usefull,THANKS Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nitendra Godare Nitendra Godare Nitendra Godare Follow Joined May 29, 2023 • May 29 '23 • Edited on May 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad! When i clicked on source code URL, it's show 404 Not found. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ilyas Kazi Ilyas Kazi Ilyas Kazi Follow Solution Architect | Software Crafter Location Mumbai, India Work Solution Architect Joined Dec 22, 2020 • Jun 5 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @moe23 Please update on source code url Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Work Technical Architect Joined Jul 25, 2019 More from Mohamad Lawand .NET 8 💥 - Intro to Kubernetes for .NET Devs # dotnet # kubernetes # containers # docker .NET 6 - Background Jobs with Hangfire 🔥🔥🔥 # dotnet # tutorial # programming # backgroundjobs .NET 6 - AutoMapper & Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) 🗺 # dotnet # api # tutorial # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://open.forem.com/sergueyasaelshinder | Serguey Asael Shinder - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Follow User actions Serguey Asael Shinder I am also writing on Medium https://medium.com/@serguey.shinder_24310 Joined Joined on May 14, 2025 More info about @sergueyasaelshinder Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 2 tags followed On Being Productive Without Being Busy Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Serguey Asael Shinder Follow Jan 8 On Being Productive Without Being Busy # discuss # motivation # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow Organization actions AWS Heroes A vibrant, worldwide group of AWS experts. This is a collection of articles written by AWS Heroes. Location Worldwide Joined Joined on Jun 5, 2020 External link icon Meet the team See All Members Our story The AWS Hero program recognizes a vibrant, worldwide group of AWS experts whose enthusiasm for knowledge-sharing has a real impact within the community. Heroes go above and beyond to share knowledge in a variety of ways including online via social media, blog posts, open source projects, and forums, or in person at conferences, workshops, and user group events. Post 836 posts published Member 168 members Amazon Nova 2 Multimodal Embeddings with Amazon S3 Vectors and AWS Java SDK - Part 1 Introduction Vadym Kazulkin Vadym Kazulkin Vadym Kazulkin Follow Jan 12 Amazon Nova 2 Multimodal Embeddings with Amazon S3 Vectors and AWS Java SDK - Part 1 Introduction # aws # amazonnova # s3vectorstore # java Comments Add Comment 5 min read When serving images from S3 stopped being good enough Allen Helton Allen Helton Allen Helton Follow Jan 7 When serving images from S3 stopped being good enough # serverless # blogging 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Serverless applications with Java and Aurora DSQL - Part 3 Integrated query editor Vadym Kazulkin Vadym Kazulkin Vadym Kazulkin Follow Jan 6 Serverless applications with Java and Aurora DSQL - Part 3 Integrated query editor # aws # postgres # serverless # database 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Starting Your Journey into Generative AI: A Beginner's Guide Bhuvaneswari Subramani Bhuvaneswari Subramani Bhuvaneswari Subramani Follow Jan 6 Starting Your Journey into Generative AI: A Beginner's Guide # aws # genai # cloud # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read Monthly Amazon Location Service Updates - 2025.12 Yasunori Kirimoto Yasunori Kirimoto Yasunori Kirimoto Follow Jan 2 Monthly Amazon Location Service Updates - 2025.12 # amazonlocationservice # amazonlocationserviceupdates Comments Add Comment 1 min read Terraform: creating an AWS OpenSearch Service cluster and users Arseny Zinchenko Arseny Zinchenko Arseny Zinchenko Follow Dec 29 '25 Terraform: creating an AWS OpenSearch Service cluster and users # devops # aws # terraform # tutorial Comments Add Comment 16 min read Build AI agents and automate (UI) workflows from your web browser - Amazon Nova Act and Kiro Wendy Wong Wendy Wong Wendy Wong Follow Dec 30 '25 Build AI agents and automate (UI) workflows from your web browser - Amazon Nova Act and Kiro # aws # agents # kiro # amazonnova Comments 2 comments 8 min read Getting started in AWS Clean Rooms with privacy-enhanced synthetic data generation Wendy Wong Wendy Wong Wendy Wong Follow Dec 28 '25 Getting started in AWS Clean Rooms with privacy-enhanced synthetic data generation # aws # machinelearning # tutorial # analytics 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://open.forem.com/gustavowoltmann18/apophis-the-potential-threat-of-a-comet-impact-on-earth-1i10 | Apophis: The Potential Threat of a Comet Impact on Earth - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Gustavo Woltmann Posted on Jan 11 Apophis: The Potential Threat of a Comet Impact on Earth # discuss # science # space # watercooler Asteroids and comets have played a significant role in shaping the history of our planet. These celestial objects, often seen as relics of the solar system’s formation, sometimes pose threats of catastrophic proportions. Among them, the asteroid 99942 Apophis, often mistaken for a comet due to its orbital characteristics, has captured significant public and scientific attention due to its potential for close encounters with Earth. What is Apophis? Apophis is a near-Earth asteroid discovered in 2004. Named after the Egyptian god of chaos, it measures approximately 370 meters (1,210 feet) in diameter, comparable to the size of several football fields. While Apophis is not a comet (it lacks the characteristic ice and tail), its initial discovery caused alarm due to predictions that it might collide with Earth in 2029. The 2029 Close Encounter On April 13, 2029, Apophis will pass closer to Earth than many geostationary satellites, at a distance of about 31,000 kilometers (19,000 miles). This proximity will make it visible to the naked eye as it streaks across the sky. Fortunately, updated calculations have ruled out any impact during this pass, but its approach underscores the importance of monitoring near-Earth objects (NEOs). Potential Impact Scenarios If Apophis — or a similarly sized asteroid or comet — were to collide with Earth, the consequences could be devastating: Regional Devastation: An impact could release energy equivalent to 1,200 megatons of TNT, causing destruction across a wide area, including shockwaves, fires, and an earthquake-like effect. Tsunamis: If it landed in an ocean, Apophis could generate massive tsunamis, threatening coastal regions globally. Global Climate Impact: Dust and debris from the impact could block sunlight, disrupting ecosystems and potentially leading to a “nuclear winter”-like scenario. While Apophis itself is unlikely to impact Earth in the foreseeable future, studying it helps prepare for potential future threats. Earth’s Defense Strategies To address the risk of asteroid or comet impacts, scientists and engineers are developing various planetary defense mechanisms: Deflection Missions: Missions like NASA’s DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) aim to demonstrate the feasibility of deflecting an asteroid by altering its trajectory. Monitoring and Early Detection: Space agencies worldwide track NEOs, cataloging objects that could pose a threat. Projects like NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) and ESA’s NEO Coordination Centre are at the forefront of these efforts. Global Collaboration: Given the global nature of the threat, international cooperation is crucial. Organizations like the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) facilitate discussions on planetary defense. What Makes Apophis Unique? Apophis offers an unprecedented opportunity to study a near-Earth asteroid up close: Scientific Research: Its 2029 close approach allows scientists to examine its structure, composition, and dynamics in detail. Testing Defense Technologies: Apophis serves as a case study for planetary defense planning, enabling simulations of potential deflection or mitigation strategies. Public Fascination with Apophis The asteroid’s dramatic moniker and its initial designation as a potential “doomsday” object have made Apophis a subject of popular culture and media speculation. However, the scientific community emphasizes that the likelihood of an impact is extremely low, especially given advancements in orbital prediction and monitoring. Conclusion While the risk of Apophis colliding with Earth has been ruled out for the foreseeable future, it serves as a wake-up call to the ever-present danger of asteroid and comet impacts. Preparing for such an event requires continued investment in early detection, global collaboration, and technological innovation. By studying objects like Apophis, humanity can turn a potential threat into an opportunity for growth, ensuring our planet’s safety for generations to come. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Gustavo Woltmann Follow Joined Nov 9, 2025 More from Gustavo Woltmann Science behind Mountain Formation # beginners # learning # science The Discovery and Development of Electricity: Powering the Modern World # learning # science 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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https://open.forem.com/yaseen_tech | Yaseen - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Follow User actions Yaseen 404 bio not found Location India Joined Joined on Oct 10, 2025 Personal website https://www.ysquaretechnology.com/ Work Founder & Director at Ysquare technology More info about @yaseen_tech Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Tech Isn’t Valuable Because It’s Advanced — It’s Valuable Because It Matters Yaseen Yaseen Yaseen Follow Dec 26 '25 Tech Isn’t Valuable Because It’s Advanced — It’s Valuable Because It Matters # technology # digitaltransformation # leadership # business Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/makendrang/aws-certified-generative-ai-developer-professional-in-2-weeks-part-1-exam-overview--2p6a | AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse MakendranG Posted on Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) # aws # certification # machinelearning # ai This is Part 3 of a 3-part series on my AWS Certified Generative AI Developer - Professional certification journey. Series Navigation: Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam Preparation Part 3: Practical Experience & Success Tips (You are here) Table of Contents - Part 3 Hands-On Labs: The Game Changer Tips for Success The Exam Experience Who Should Consider This Certification What's Next After Certification? Resources That Made the Difference Final Thoughts In Parts 1 and 2, I covered the foundation and advanced learning phases. Part 3 focuses on the practical aspects, hands-on experience, and actionable tips that made the difference in my exam success. Hands-On Labs: The Game Changer The hands-on labs were absolutely crucial for my success. Theory alone wouldn't have been sufficient for this professional-level certification. Here's what made the practical experience so valuable: Essential Lab Experiences 1. Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases RAG Implementation Lab Focus : Building a complete RAG system using Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases Key Learning Outcomes: Data Ingestion : Uploading documents to S3 and configuring automatic processing Vector Database Setup : Creating and managing OpenSearch Serverless collections API Integration : Using Retrieve and RetrieveAndGenerate APIs effectively Query Optimization : Fine-tuning retrieval parameters for better results Error Handling : Managing common issues like chunking problems and retrieval failures Real-World Application : This lab directly prepared me for questions about RAG architecture, vector database management, and knowledge base optimization. 2. Conversational AI with Amazon Bedrock APIs Lab Focus : Implementing streaming conversations using Amazon Nova Lite model Key Learning Outcomes: Model Invocation : Using InvokeModel and InvokeModelWithResponseStream APIs Context Management : Maintaining conversation history and context windows Streaming Implementation : Handling real-time response streaming Prompt Engineering : Crafting effective prompts for different conversation scenarios Error Recovery : Managing API rate limits and model availability issues Real-World Application : Essential for understanding model API patterns and conversational AI implementation strategies. 3. Secure GenAI with Guardrails Lab Focus : Implementing comprehensive security using Amazon Bedrock Guardrails Key Learning Outcomes: Content Filtering : Setting up toxicity detection and inappropriate content blocking PII Protection : Implementing personally identifiable information detection and masking Prompt Injection Defense : Protecting against malicious prompt manipulation Custom Guardrails : Creating domain-specific content policies Monitoring and Logging : Tracking guardrail violations and security events Real-World Application : Critical for security and governance questions, which represent 20% of the exam. 4. Agentic AI with Bedrock Agents Lab Focus : Building autonomous AI agents with tool integrations Key Learning Outcomes: Agent Configuration : Setting up agents with specific roles and capabilities Tool Integration : Connecting agents to external APIs and AWS services Workflow Design : Creating multi-step agent workflows Action Groups : Defining and managing agent action capabilities Testing and Debugging : Troubleshooting agent behavior and tool interactions Real-World Application : Essential for understanding agentic AI patterns and autonomous system design. My Lab Strategy Environment Setup: AWS Account : Used personal AWS account with free-tier resources where possible Cost Management : Set up billing alerts to monitor spending (total cost: ~$25 for all labs) Region Selection : Used us-east-1 for maximum service availability Resource Cleanup : Automated cleanup scripts to avoid unnecessary charges Documentation Approach: Lab Notebooks : Maintained detailed Jupyter notebooks for each lab Architecture Diagrams : Drew out system architectures for complex implementations Code Snippets : Saved reusable code patterns for common operations Troubleshooting Notes : Documented common issues and their solutions Practice Methodology: Repetition : Repeated each lab 2-3 times to build muscle memory Variations : Modified lab parameters to understand different scenarios Integration : Combined concepts from multiple labs into comprehensive solutions Time Tracking : Practiced completing labs within time constraints Key Insights from Hands-On Practice Service Integration Patterns: Understanding how Amazon Bedrock integrates with S3, Lambda, and API Gateway Learning the nuances of IAM permissions for GenAI services Mastering the data flow between vector databases and knowledge bases Performance Optimization: Practical experience with caching strategies and response optimization Understanding the impact of different model configurations on performance Learning to balance cost, latency, and quality in real implementations Error Handling and Troubleshooting: Common API errors and their resolutions Network connectivity issues with VPC endpoints Model availability and rate limiting scenarios Tips for Success Based on my experience and the challenges I encountered, here are my top recommendations for exam success: Study Strategy Tips 1. Follow the Domain Weightings Prioritize High-Weight Domains : Spend 60% of your time on Domains 1 and 2 (57% of exam) Don't Neglect Lower-Weight Domains : Still allocate sufficient time for Domains 3-5 Cross-Domain Integration : Understand how concepts connect across domains 2. Balance Theory and Practice 70/30 Rule : Spend 70% of time on hands-on practice, 30% on theory Service Integration Focus : Emphasize how services work together, not just individual features Real-World Scenarios : Practice with business use cases, not just technical exercises 3. Use Multiple Learning Sources Primary Foundation : Start with comprehensive courses (Udemy) Official Validation : Use AWS Skill Builder for authoritative content Practice Reinforcement : Multiple practice exams from different sources Documentation Deep-Dives : Read AWS documentation for specific services Exam Preparation Tips 1. Practice Exam Strategy Progressive Difficulty : Start with easier practice exams, progress to harder ones Multiple Attempts : Take each practice exam at least twice Review Everything : Study explanations for both correct and incorrect answers Time Management : Practice completing exams within time limits 2. Knowledge Gap Identification Track Weak Areas : Maintain a list of topics that need more study Targeted Review : Focus additional study time on identified gaps Concept Mapping : Create visual maps connecting related concepts Peer Discussion : Discuss challenging topics with other candidates 3. Final Week Preparation Review Mode : Focus on review rather than learning new concepts Practice Timing : Take full-length practice exams under exam conditions Rest and Recovery : Ensure adequate sleep and stress management Logistics Preparation : Confirm exam details, location, and requirements Technical Study Tips 1. Service-Specific Focus Areas Amazon Bedrock: Model selection criteria and use cases API patterns and integration methods Knowledge Bases configuration and optimization Guardrails implementation and customization Agents and tool integration patterns Vector Databases and RAG: Embedding generation and management Vector search optimization techniques Chunking strategies and metadata handling Retrieval quality improvement methods Performance tuning and scaling approaches Security and Governance: IAM policies for GenAI services VPC configuration for secure deployments Compliance frameworks and audit requirements Data privacy and PII protection methods Monitoring and alerting best practices 2. Architecture Pattern Recognition Common Patterns : Learn standard GenAI architecture patterns Anti-Patterns : Understand what NOT to do in different scenarios Cost Optimization : Know strategies for reducing operational costs Scalability Considerations : Understand how to design for scale Security Integration : Learn to embed security throughout architectures Exam Day Tips 1. Time Management Question Allocation : ~2.4 minutes per question (205 minutes / 85 questions) First Pass Strategy : Answer easy questions first, mark difficult ones for review Review Time : Reserve 30-45 minutes for reviewing marked questions Don't Overthink : Trust your preparation and avoid second-guessing 2. Question Analysis Techniques Read Carefully : Pay attention to key words like "MOST cost-effective" or "BEST practice" Eliminate Options : Use process of elimination for multiple-choice questions Scenario Focus : Understand the business context and requirements AWS Best Practices : When in doubt, choose the option that follows AWS best practices The Exam Experience Exam Environment and Format Testing Setup: Location : Took the exam at a Pearson VUE testing center Duration : 205 minutes (3 hours 25 minutes) for the beta exam Questions : 85 questions total (mix of multiple choice and multiple response) Interface : Standard Pearson VUE exam interface with review functionality Question Types Encountered: Multiple Choice : Single correct answer from 4-5 options Multiple Response : Select 2-3 correct answers from 5-6 options Scenario-Based : Complex business scenarios requiring architectural decisions Comparison Questions : Choosing between different implementation approaches Question Difficulty and Topics Difficulty Distribution: Easy (20%) : Straightforward service features and basic concepts Medium (60%) : Integration scenarios and best practice applications Hard (20%) : Complex architectural decisions and optimization scenarios Topic Coverage Observed: Heavy Focus : Amazon Bedrock features, RAG implementation, and security practices Moderate Coverage : Cost optimization, monitoring, and troubleshooting Light Coverage : Advanced ML concepts and edge cases Common Question Patterns: "What is the MOST cost-effective way to..." : Cost optimization scenarios "Which approach provides the BEST security..." : Security implementation choices "How should you troubleshoot..." : Problem-solving and debugging scenarios "What is the recommended way to..." : AWS best practices questions My Exam Performance Strategy Time Management Approach (205 minutes total for 85 questions): First Hour (60 minutes) : Completed first 40 questions systematically Focused on questions I was confident about Marked uncertain questions for review but didn't spend too much time Maintained steady pace of ~1.5 minutes per question Second Hour (60 minutes) : Completed remaining 45 questions (questions 41-85) Tackled more complex scenario-based questions Applied elimination strategies for difficult multiple-response questions Used architectural thinking for design-related questions Final 85 minutes : Comprehensive review and refinement Reviewed all marked questions (approximately 15-20 questions) Double-checked multiple-response questions for completeness Refined answers based on second thoughts and fresh perspective Used remaining time to ensure no questions were left unanswered Decision-Making Process: Confidence Levels : Marked questions as confident, uncertain, or need review Elimination Strategy : Ruled out obviously incorrect options first, especially important for multiple-response questions AWS Principles : Applied AWS Well-Architected Framework principles when unsure Practical Experience : Drew heavily on hands-on lab experience for implementation questions Beta Exam Mindset : Approached each question carefully knowing this was a new exam format Results and Feedback Certification Achievement: Passing Score : 750 out of 1000 (75%) My Score : Successfully passed with strong performance across all domains Early Adopter Recognition : Received the exclusive Early Adopter badge as one of the first 5,000 candidates Certification Badge : AWS Certified Generative AI Developer - Professional Additional Achievements: AWS Certified AI Practitioner : Early Adopter Badge AWS Agentic AI Demonstrated Microcredential : Practical Implementation Skills Domain Performance Insights: Domain 1 (31%) : Strong performance - hands-on practice with Amazon Bedrock and RAG systems paid off significantly Domain 2 (26%) : Excellent performance - integration scenarios and API patterns were well-prepared through labs Domain 3 (20%) : Good performance - security labs and guardrails implementation were crucial Domain 4 (12%) : Strong performance - cost optimization focus and monitoring experience helped Domain 5 (11%) : Excellent performance - troubleshooting experience from hands-on labs was invaluable Beta Exam Experience: Question Quality : High-quality questions that accurately reflected real-world GenAI implementation scenarios Difficulty Level : Appropriately challenging for a professional-level certification Time Allocation : 205 minutes was adequate with proper time management strategy Interface : Standard Pearson VUE interface worked well for the beta format Who Should Consider This Certification Ideal Candidates 1. Cloud Developers with AI Interest Background: 2+ years of AWS development experience Familiarity with serverless architectures and APIs Interest in integrating AI capabilities into applications Experience with Python or similar programming languages Career Benefits: Positions you as an AI-enabled cloud developer Opens opportunities in emerging GenAI projects Demonstrates cutting-edge technical skills Increases market value and salary potential 2. AI/ML Engineers Transitioning to Cloud Background: Experience with machine learning concepts and workflows Understanding of model training and deployment Interest in cloud-native AI solutions Familiarity with data processing and analytics Career Benefits: Validates cloud implementation skills Bridges gap between ML theory and cloud practice Opens enterprise AI/ML opportunities Demonstrates production deployment capabilities 3. Solutions Architects Specializing in AI Background: AWS Solutions Architect certification Experience designing cloud architectures Interest in AI/ML solution design Understanding of enterprise requirements and constraints Career Benefits: Specializes your architecture skills in high-demand area Positions you for AI transformation projects Increases consulting and advisory opportunities Demonstrates thought leadership in emerging technologies 4. Technical Leaders and Engineering Managers Background: Leadership experience in technology teams Understanding of software development lifecycle Interest in AI strategy and implementation Experience with technology evaluation and adoption Career Benefits: Validates technical leadership in AI initiatives Enables informed decision-making about AI investments Demonstrates commitment to emerging technologies Positions you for AI transformation leadership roles Prerequisites and Preparation Time Minimum Prerequisites AWS Experience : 2+ years with core AWS services Development Background : API development and cloud architectures AI/ML Exposure : Basic understanding of AI/ML concepts (can be learned during prep) Programming Skills : Python familiarity for hands-on labs Recommended Preparation Time by Background Experienced AWS Developers (2+ AWS certs): Preparation Time : 2-3 weeks intensive study Focus Areas : GenAI concepts, Amazon Bedrock, RAG implementation Key Resources : AWS Skill Builder + practice exams AI/ML Engineers (New to AWS): Preparation Time : 4-6 weeks Focus Areas : AWS services, cloud architectures, service integration Key Resources : AWS fundamentals + GenAI specialization Cloud Architects (Limited AI/ML background): Preparation Time : 3-4 weeks Focus Areas : AI/ML concepts, GenAI implementation patterns Key Resources : Comprehensive courses + hands-on labs Career Changers (New to both AWS and AI/ML): Preparation Time : 8-12 weeks Focus Areas : AWS fundamentals + AI/ML basics + GenAI specialization Key Resources : Full learning path from basics to advanced What's Next After Certification? Immediate Career Opportunities 1. GenAI Application Developer Role Focus: Building production GenAI applications using AWS services Implementing RAG systems and conversational AI interfaces Integrating AI capabilities into existing business applications Optimizing performance and cost of GenAI solutions Salary Range : $120,000 - $180,000 (varies by location and experience) 2. AI Solutions Architect Role Focus: Designing enterprise GenAI architectures Leading AI transformation initiatives Consulting on AI strategy and implementation Bridging business requirements with technical solutions Salary Range : $140,000 - $220,000 (varies by location and experience) 3. GenAI Platform Engineer Role Focus: Building and maintaining GenAI infrastructure platforms Implementing MLOps and AI governance frameworks Optimizing AI workload performance and costs Ensuring security and compliance of AI systems Salary Range : $130,000 - $200,000 (varies by location and experience) Continuing Education and Skill Development 1. Advanced AWS Certifications Recommended Next Steps: AWS Certified Machine Learning - Specialty : Broader ML knowledge AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional : Advanced architecture skills AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional : MLOps and automation skills 2. Complementary Skills Technical Skills: Advanced Python : Data science libraries and frameworks MLOps Tools : Kubeflow, MLflow, and CI/CD for ML Data Engineering : Data pipelines and analytics platforms Security Specialization : AI security and governance frameworks Business Skills: AI Strategy : Understanding business value and ROI of AI initiatives Project Management : Leading AI transformation projects Communication : Explaining AI concepts to non-technical stakeholders Ethics and Governance : Responsible AI and regulatory compliance 3. Industry Specialization Vertical Expertise: Healthcare AI : HIPAA compliance and medical AI applications Financial Services : Regulatory compliance and risk management Retail and E-commerce : Personalization and recommendation systems Manufacturing : Predictive maintenance and quality control Building Your Professional Brand 1. Content Creation and Thought Leadership Blog Writing: Share your certification journey and lessons learned Write technical tutorials on GenAI implementation Discuss best practices and architectural patterns Review new AWS AI services and features Speaking and Presenting: Present at local AWS user groups and meetups Submit talks to conferences on AI and cloud topics Create video content and tutorials Participate in podcasts and webinars 2. Community Engagement Professional Networks: Join AWS AI/ML community groups Participate in GenAI forums and discussions Contribute to open-source AI projects Mentor others pursuing similar certifications Continuous Learning: Stay updated with AWS AI service announcements Follow AI research and industry trends Experiment with new GenAI tools and frameworks Participate in hackathons and AI competitions Resources That Made the Difference Primary Study Resources 1. Ultimate AWS Certified Generative AI Developer Professional (Udemy) Comprehensive 24-hour course by Frank Kane and Stéphane Maarek 75-question practice exam with detailed explanations Hands-on assignments and real-world scenarios Course Link : Udemy Course 2. AWS Skill Builder - Generative AI Developer Advanced Learning Plan Official AWS training with 35+ hours of content 22 courses covering all exam domains Hands-on labs with real AWS environment Learning Plan Link : AWS Skill Builder 3. AWS Exam Prep Plan: AIP-C01 Official exam preparation with domain-specific practice AWS SimuLearn AI-powered scenarios Official practice questions and pretest Exam Prep Plan Link : AWS Skill Builder Exam Prep Complementary Learning: AWS Generative AI for Developers Professional Certificate For those seeking additional foundational knowledge, the AWS Generative AI for Developers Professional Certificate (available on Coursera and edX ) provides an excellent complement to certification preparation. Certificate Program Overview Duration : 15-20 hours across three courses Format : Self-paced learning with hands-on labs Focus : Practical application using Amazon Bedrock and Amazon Q Developer Target Audience : Students and early-to-mid career developers Hands-on Learning : Python-based Jupyter notebook labs with real AWS Management Console experience Course Structure Course 1: Getting Started with AWS Generative AI for Developers Foundation model invocation using Amazon Bedrock APIs Amazon Bedrock Runtime APIs (InvokeModel, InvokeModelWithResponseStream, StartAsyncInvoke) Streaming responses and provisioned throughput implementation Amazon Q Developer agentic capabilities for development acceleration Guardrails implementation for responsible AI usage Course 2: Generative AI Applications with Amazon Bedrock Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases for complete RAG workflows Amazon Bedrock Prompt Management and Flows for versioned templates Generative AI agents (agentic AI) for task automation Amazon Bedrock Agents configuration and deployment with tool integrations Context-aware, domain-specific AI interactions Course 3: Amazon Bedrock Customization, Optimization & Automation Model customization techniques (fine-tuning and continued pre-training) Amazon Bedrock Evaluations for model performance assessment and comparison Prompt caching strategies for improved response times Amazon Bedrock Data Automation for processing and transforming large datasets Command-line automation using Amazon Q Developer Why This Certificate Complements Certification Prep Foundation Building : Solid understanding of generative AI concepts before diving into professional-level topics Practical Application : Real-world scenarios using AWS Management Console and Python APIs Career Acceleration : Skills in high demand for modern cloud computing roles Hands-on Experience : Direct experience with the same services covered in the certification exam Self-Paced Learning : Flexible timeline that can complement intensive certification study Additional Practice Resources 4. AWS Certified Generative AI Developer Pro - 4 Mock Exams (Udemy) 275 unique practice questions across 4 comprehensive tests Created by AWS AI Early Adopter with recent exam experience Detailed explanations with direct links to AWS documentation Progressive difficulty from foundations to advanced concepts Course Link : 4 Mock Exams Course 5. Premium Practice Exams by Stéphane Maarek & Abhishek Singh 100 expert-crafted questions in 2 strategic practice tests Human-designed content (not AI-generated) for authentic exam experience Pass guarantee if scoring 90%+ on practice exams Created by instructors with collective 20 AWS certifications Course Link : Available on Udemy (search for "Practice Exams AWS Certified Generative AI Developer Pro") Additional Resources AWS Documentation : Official service documentation and best practices guides Hands-on Labs : Both course assignments and self-created experiments in personal AWS account Practice Exams : Multiple sources for comprehensive question exposure AWS Console : Extensive hands-on practice with actual AWS services Supplementary AWS Resources Official AWS Documentation and Guidance Generative AI on AWS - How to Choose : Comprehensive guide for selecting the right GenAI approach GenAI Workload Assessment Guide : Prescriptive guidance for evaluating GenAI workloads Amazon Textract Hands-on Guide : Document processing integration patterns AWS Workshops and Hands-on Labs Amazon Nova Multimodal Understanding : Latest multimodal AI capabilities Amazon Q Business Workshop : Enterprise AI assistant implementation Building with Amazon Bedrock : Comprehensive Bedrock development workshop QnABot Workshop : Question-answering bot development Building GenAI Apps with Foundation Models : End-to-end application development Advanced GenAI Workshop : Advanced implementation patterns GenAI Architecture Workshop : Enterprise architecture patterns Advanced Bedrock Workshop : Deep dive into Bedrock capabilities AWS SimuLearn Interactive Learning Prompt Engineering with Amazon Bedrock : Interactive prompt engineering practice Fine-tuning LLM on SageMaker : Advanced model customization Building Generative AI Applications : Comprehensive application development AWS Solutions and Implementation Guides AI Assistants with Amazon Q Business : Enterprise AI assistant solutions Intelligent Document Processing : Document AI implementation guidance Enhanced Document Understanding : Advanced document processing solutions Video Resources AWS GenAI Deep Dive : Technical deep dive into AWS GenAI services Bedrock Implementation Patterns : Real-world implementation examples My Complete Study Notes Collection All my handwritten study notes from the certification journey are available on GitHub for reference: 📝 Complete Study Notes Collection These 43 pages of detailed handwritten notes cover all exam domains, key concepts, implementation patterns, and study strategies that helped me pass the exam. Feel free to reference them for your own preparation! Final Thoughts Two weeks of focused study was sufficient, but the key was the structured approach and emphasis on hands-on practice. The combination of comprehensive video training, official AWS resources, and intensive practice exams provided both breadth and depth needed for this professional-level certification. Key Success Factors 1. Structured Learning Approach Progressive Difficulty : Building from foundations to advanced concepts Multiple Learning Modalities : Video, hands-on labs, practice exams, and documentation Official Validation : Using AWS resources to ensure accuracy and currency Comprehensive Practice : Multiple practice exam sources for thorough preparation 2. Hands-On Experience Priority 70/30 Rule : Emphasizing practical experience over theoretical study Real AWS Environment : Using actual AWS services, not just simulators Integration Focus : Understanding how services work together in real scenarios Troubleshooting Skills : Learning to diagnose and resolve common issues 3. Exam-Focused Preparation Domain Weighting : Allocating study time based on exam domain percentages Question Pattern Recognition : Understanding AWS exam question styles and traps Time Management : Practicing exam timing and review strategies Confidence Building : Progressive difficulty in practice exams Advice for Future Candidates If You're Considering This Certification: Assess Your Background : Honestly evaluate your AWS and AI/ML experience Plan Your Timeline : Allow adequate time based on your starting point Invest in Quality Resources : Use reputable courses and official AWS materials Prioritize Hands-On Practice : Labs and real AWS experience are crucial Take Multiple Practice Exams : Different sources provide varied question styles If You're Currently Studying: Stay Consistent : Regular daily study is more effective than cramming Document Your Learning : Keep notes and create reference materials Join Study Groups : Connect with other candidates for support and discussion Ask Questions : Use forums and communities when you're stuck Practice Time Management : Simulate real exam conditions If You're Planning to Take the Exam: Schedule Strategically : Book your exam when you're consistently scoring 85%+ on practice tests Prepare Logistics : Confirm exam location, requirements, and backup plans Manage Stress : Ensure adequate rest and stress management before exam day Trust Your Preparation : Confidence in your study approach is crucial for success The Future of GenAI Certifications This certification represents AWS's commitment to the rapidly evolving GenAI landscape. As the field continues to advance, I expect: Regular Updates : Exam content will evolve with new AWS AI services and features Increased Demand : More organizations will require GenAI expertise for their teams Specialization Opportunities : Additional certifications may emerge for specific GenAI domains Industry Recognition : This certification will become increasingly valuable as GenAI adoption grows Personal Impact and Career Growth Earning this certification has already opened new opportunities and conversations about AI initiatives. The knowledge gained extends far beyond exam preparation - it's provided a comprehensive understanding of how to build production-grade GenAI solutions that deliver real business value. The early adopter badge adds extra recognition, but the real value lies in the practical skills and architectural understanding gained through the preparation process. Series Conclusion: This three-part series has covered my complete journey from initial planning through exam success. The structured approach, emphasis on hands-on practice, and comprehensive resource utilization made the difference in achieving certification in just two weeks. Whether you're just starting your GenAI journey or looking to validate existing skills, this certification provides a valuable framework for understanding and implementing production-grade generative AI solutions on AWS. Have questions about any part of this certification journey? Feel free to reach out in the comments below! I'm happy to help fellow candidates succeed in their AWS GenAI certification goals. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse MakendranG Follow Location Puducherry Work Site Reliability Engineer in MindTree Joined Apr 20, 2022 More from MakendranG AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam Prep) # ai # aws # career # learning AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) # ai # machinelearning # aws # certification I Built a Recipe App That Sees Your Ingredients with Google Gemini # google # gemini # ai 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://stripe.com/br/privacy | Chat com as vendas do Stripe Política de Privacidade Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Política de Privacidade Política de Cookies Estrutura de Privacidade de Dados Lista de provedores de serviços Contrato de Processamento de Dados Supplier Data Processing Agreement Central de Privacidade da Stripe Política de Privacidade Para a sua comodidade, oferecemos uma tradução desta página. A tradução é apenas para fins informativos, de modo que a versão em inglês desta página é a versão definitiva. Última atualização: 16 de janeiro de 2025 Esta Política de Privacidade contém informações importantes sobre seus dados pessoais. Recomendamos que a leia atentamente. Introdução Nós fornecemos infraestrutura financeira para a internet. Indivíduos e empresas de todos os portes usam nossa tecnologia e serviços para facilitar compras, aceitar pagamentos, enviar repasses e gerenciar negócios online. Esta Política de Privacidade ("Política") descreve os Dados Pessoais que coletamos, como os usamos e os compartilhamos e contém detalhes de como você pode falar conosco com consultas relacionadas à política. A Política também descreve seus direitos e opções como titular de dados, incluindo o direito de fazer objeção a determinados usos dos seus Dados Pessoais por nós. Dependendo da atividade, a Stripe assume a função de um "controlador de dados" e/ou "processador de dados" (ou "provedor de serviços"). Para obter mais informações sobre nossas práticas de privacidade, incluindo a nossa função, a entidade da Stripe específica responsável conforme esta Política e as nossas fundamentações jurídicas para processar seus Dados Pessoais, acesse a nossa Central de Privacidade . Termos definidos Nesta Política, os termos "Stripe", "nós", "nosso" ou "conosco" se referem à entidade da Stripe responsável pela coleta, uso e tratamento de Dados Pessoais conforme descrito neste documento. Dependendo da sua jurisdição, a entidade da Stripe específica responsável por seus Dados Pessoais pode variar. Saiba mais . "Dados Pessoais" se referem a qualquer informação associada a um indivíduo identificado ou identificável e podem incluir dados que você nos fornecer e que coletarmos sobre você durante sua interação com nossos Serviços (como informações do dispositivo, endereço IP etc.). "Serviços" se referem aos produtos, serviços, dispositivos e aplicativos que fornecemos segundo o Contrato de Serviços da Stripe ("Serviços Comerciais") ou os Termos de Serviço do Consumidor da Stripe ("Serviços de Usuário Final"); sites ("Sites") como Stripe.com e Link.com; e outros aplicativos e serviços online da Stripe. Fornecemos Serviços Comerciais a entidades ("Usuários Comerciais"). Fornecemos Serviços de Usuário Final diretamente a indivíduos para uso pessoal. "Parceiros Financeiros" são instituições financeiras, bancos e outros parceiros como adquirentes de formas de pagamento, provedores de repasses e bandeiras de cartão com os quais temos parceria para fornecer os Serviços. Dependendo do contexto, "você" pode significar Cliente Final, Usuário Final, Representante ou Visitante: Usuários Finais. Quando você usa um Serviço de Usuário Final, como ao salvar uma forma de pagamento com o Link, para uso pessoal, nós nos referimos a você como "Usuário Final". Clientes Finais. Quando você não está realizando transações diretamente com a Stripe, mas recebemos seus Dados Pessoais para fornecer Serviços a um Usuário Comercial, inclusive quando você faz uma compra de um Usuário Comercial em uma página do Stripe Checkout ou recebe pagamentos de um Usuário Comercial, nos referimos a você como um "Cliente Final." Representantes. Quando você atua em nome de um Usuário Comercial existente ou em potencial, talvez como um fundador de empresa, administrador de conta para um Usuário Comercial, ou um destinatário de um cartão de crédito de funcionário de um Usuário Comercial pelo Stripe Issuing, nós nos referimos a você como "Representante". Visitantes. Quando você interage com a Stripe visitando um Site sem estar conectado à conta Stripe, ou quando sua interação com a Stripe não envolve você como um Usuário Final, Cliente Final ou Representante, nos referimos a você como um "Visitante". Por exemplo, você é um Visitante quando envia uma mensagem à Stripe pedindo mais informações sobre os nossos Serviços. Nesta Política, "Dados de Transação" se referem a dados coletados e usados pela Stripe para facilitar transações solicitadas por você. Alguns Dados de Transação são Dados Pessoais e podem incluir: seu nome, endereço de e-mail, número de contato, endereço de cobrança e entrega, dados de forma de pagamento (como número de cartão de crédito e débito, dados de conta bancária ou imagem do cartão de pagamento escolhida por você), detalhes do comerciante e da localização, valor e data da compra e, em alguns casos, dados sobre o que foi comprado. 1. Dados pessoais que coletamos e como os usamos e compartilhamos 2. Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais 3. Fundamentações jurídicas para o processamento de dados 4. Seus direitos e opções 5. Segurança e retenção 6. Transferências internacionais de dados 7. Atualizações e notificações 8. Disposições para jurisdições específicas 9. Fale conosco 10. Aviso de Privacidade do Consumidor dos EUA 1. Dados Pessoais que coletamos e como os usamos e compartilhamos Nossa coleta e uso de Dados Pessoais varia de acordo com sua condição de Usuário Final, Cliente Final, Representante ou Visitante e com o Serviço que você está utilizando. Por exemplo, se você for um proprietário individual e quiser usar nossos Serviços Comerciais, poderemos coletar seus Dados Pessoais para fazer onboarding da sua empresa. Ao mesmo tempo, você também pode ser um Cliente Final se tiver comprado produtos de outro Usuário Comercial que utiliza nossos Serviços para processamento de pagamentos. Você também pode ser um Usuário Final se utilizar nosso Serviço de Usuário Final, como o Link, para essas transações. 1.1 Usuários Finais Nós fornecemos Serviços de Usuário Final quando prestamos os Serviços diretamente a você para seu uso pessoal (p. ex., Link). Detalhes adicionais relacionados à nossa coleta, uso e compartilhamento de Dados Pessoais de Usuários Finais, incluindo as fundamentações jurídicas em que nos baseamos para processar esses dados, estão disponíveis na Central de Privacidade . a. Dados Pessoais que coletamos sobre Usuários Finais Uso do Link ou conexão à sua conta bancária . A Stripe oferece um serviço chamado "Link", que permite a você criar uma conta e armazenar dados para interações futuras com os Serviços da Stripe e os Usuários Comerciais. Você pode salvar vários tipos de Dados Pessoais usando o Link. Por exemplo, você pode salvar seu nome, dados de forma de pagamento, dados de contato e endereço para usá-los convenientemente no pagamento de transações em todos os nossos Usuários Comerciais. Quando você optar por pagar com o Link, também coletaremos Dados de Transação associados às suas transações. Saiba mais . Você também pode compartilhar e salvar os dados da conta bancária na sua conta do Link usando o produto Financial Connections da Stripe. Quando você usa o Financial Connections, a Stripe coleta e processa periodicamente os dados da sua conta (como dados do proprietário da conta bancária, saldos da conta, número e detalhes da conta, transações da conta e, em alguns casos, credenciais de login). Você pode nos pedir para interromper a coleta de tais dados a qualquer momento. Saiba mais . Por fim, você pode usar o Link para armazenar seus documentos de identificação (como carteira de habilitação) para compartilhá-los em interações futuras com a Stripe ou seus Usuários Comerciais. Pagamento à Stripe . Quando você compra produtos ou serviços diretamente da Stripe, nós recebemos seus Dados da Transação. Por exemplo, quando você faz um pagamento ao Stripe Climate, nós coletamos dados sobre a transação, bem como seus dados de contato e de forma de pagamento. Serviços de identificação/verificação . Nós oferecemos um serviço de verificação de identidade que automatiza a comparação do seu documento de identificação (como carteira de motorista) com sua imagem (como uma selfie). Você pode nos dar seu consentimento separadamente usando seus dados biométricos para aprimorar nossa tecnologia de verificação, com a opção de revogar seu consentimento a qualquer momento. Saiba mais . Para obter mais informações sobre outros tipos de Dados Pessoais que podemos coletar sobre Usuários Finais, incluindo sobre suas atividades online e seu engajamento com nossos Serviços de Usuário Final, consulte a seção Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais abaixo. b. Como usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Usuários Finais Serviços . Utilizamos e compartilhamos seus Dados Pessoais para fornecer Serviços de Usuário Final a você, o que inclui suporte, personalização (como preferências de idioma e opções de configuração) e comunicação sobre os nossos Serviços de Usuário Final (como comunicação de atualizações de Política e informações sobre os nossos Serviços). Por exemplo, a Stripe poderá usar cookies e tecnologias similares ou os dados que você fornecer aos nossos Usuários Comerciais (como quando você insere seu endereço de e-mail no site de um Usuário Comercial) para reconhecer e ajudar você a usar o Link quando visitar o site do nosso Usuário Comercial. Saiba mais sobre como usamos cookies e tecnologias similares na Política de Cookies da Stripe. Nossos Usuários Comerciais . Quando você usa o Link para fazer pagamentos com nossos Usuários Comerciais, compartilhamos seus Dados Pessoais, incluindo nome, dados de contato, dados da forma de pagamento e Dados de Transação com esses Usuários Comerciais. Saiba mais . Você também pode orientar a Stripe a compartilhar seus dados de conta bancária e documentos de identificação salvos com Usuários Comerciais com os quais você faz negócios. Após compartilharmos seus Dados Pessoais com os Usuários Comerciais, poderemos processar esses Dados Pessoais como Processador de Dados para esses Usuários Comerciais, conforme detalhado na Seção 1.2 desta Política. Você deve consultar as políticas de privacidade dos Usuários Comerciais com quem faz negócios para obter informações sobre como usam os dados compartilhados com eles. Detecção de fraudes e prevenção contra perdas . Usamos seus Dados Pessoais coletados nos nossos Serviços para detectar fraudes e evitar perdas financeiras para você, nós e os nossos Usuários Comerciais e Parceiros Financeiros, incluindo detecção de compras não autorizadas. Poderemos fornecer Dados Pessoais sobre você (inclusive suas tentativas de transação) aos Usuários Comerciais e Parceiros Financeiros, incluindo os que usam nossos Serviços Comerciais relacionados à prevenção contra fraudes (como o Stripe Radar) para que eles possam avaliar o risco de fraude ou perda associado à transação. Saiba como podemos usar tecnologia para avaliar o risco de fraude associado a uma tentativa de transação e quais dados compartilhamos com Usuários Comerciais e Parceiros Financeiros aqui e aqui . Publicidade . Quando permitido pela legislação aplicável, podemos usar seus Dados Pessoais, incluindo os Dados de Transação, para avaliar sua qualificação e oferecer a você outros Serviços de Usuário Final ou promover Serviços de Usuário Final existentes, inclusive por meio de marketing conjunto com parceiros, como os Usuários Comerciais da Stripe. Saiba mais . Sujeito à legislação aplicável, incluindo quaisquer exigências de consentimento, usamos e compartilhamos os Dados Pessoais de Usuários Finais com parceiros externos para podermos fazer publicidade de nossos Serviços de Usuários Finais para você, inclusive por meio de publicidade baseada em interesses, e monitorar a eficácia de tais anúncios. Não transferimos seus Dados Pessoais para terceiros em troca de pagamento, mas podemos fornecer seus dados a parceiros externos, como parceiros de publicidade, fornecedores de análises de dados e redes sociais, que nos auxiliam a fazer publicidade dos Serviços para você. Saiba mais . Mais . Para obter mais informações sobre formas adicionais pelas quais podemos usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais de Usuários Finais, consulte a seção Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais abaixo. 1.2 Clientes Finais A Stripe fornece vários Serviços Comerciais aos nossos Usuários Comerciais, que incluem processamento de pagamentos presenciais ou online ou processamento de repasses para esses Usuários Comerciais. Quando atuamos como provedor de serviços, também referido como Processador de Dados, para um Usuário Comercial, nós processamos Dados Pessoais de Clientes Finais em conformidade com nosso contrato com o Usuário Comercial e as instruções lícitas do Usuário Comercial. Isso acontece, por exemplo, quando processamos um pagamento para um Usuário Comercial porque você comprou um produto dele ou quando o Usuário Comercial nos pede para enviar fundos a você. Os Usuários Comerciais são responsáveis por assegurar que os direitos de privacidade dos seus Usuários Finais sejam respeitados, incluindo a obtenção de consentimentos apropriados, e por fazer divulgações sobre sua própria coleta e uso de dados associados com seus produtos e serviços. Se você for Cliente Final, consulte a política de privacidade do Usuário Comercial com o qual está fazendo negócio para conhecer as práticas, escolhas e controles de privacidade dele. Fornecemos informações mais abrangentes sobre nossa coleta, uso e compartilhamento de Dados Pessoais de Clientes Finais na nossa Central de Privacidade , incluindo as fundamentações jurídicas que usamos para processar seus Dados Pessoais. a. Dados Pessoais que coletamos sobre Clientes Finais Dados de Transação . Se você é um Cliente Final que faz pagamentos, recebe reembolsos ou pagamentos, inicia uma compra ou doação ou, de outro modo, faz transações com nosso Usuário Comercial, seja presencialmente ou online, nós recebemos seus Dados de Transação. Também podemos receber seu histórico de transações com o Usuário Comercial. Saiba mais . Além disso, podemos coletar dados inseridos em um formulário de checkout mesmo que você opte por não preencher o formulário ou realizar transações com o Usuário Comercial. Saiba mais . Um Usuário Comercial que utiliza o Serviço do Terminal da Stripe para fornecer produtos ou serviços a Clientes Finais pode usar o Serviço do Terminal para coletar Dados Pessoais de Clientes Finais (como seu nome, e-mail, número de telefone, endereço, assinatura ou idade) em conformidade com uma política de privacidade própria. Dados de identificação/verificação . A Stripe fornece um Serviço de verificação e prevenção de fraudes que os nossos Usuários Comerciais podem usar para verificar Dados Pessoais sobre você, como sua autorização para usar uma forma de pagamento específica. Durante o processo, você será solicitado a compartilhar conosco determinados Dados Pessoais (como seu documento emitido por órgão oficial e selfie para verificação biométrica, Dados Pessoais inseridos por você ou Dados Pessoais visíveis na forma de pagamento física como a imagem de um cartão de crédito). Para se proteger contra fraudes e determinar se alguém está tentando se passar por você, podemos fazer verificação cruzada desses dados com dados sobre você que coletamos de Usuários Comerciais, Parceiros Financeiros, afiliados comerciais, serviços de verificação de identidade, fontes disponíveis publicamente e outros provedores e fontes de serviços externos. Saiba mais . Mais . Para obter mais informações sobre outros tipos de Dados Pessoais que podemos coletar sobre Clientes Finais, incluindo sobre suas atividades online, consulte a seção Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais abaixo. b. Como usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Clientes Finais Para fornecer Serviços Comerciais aos nossos Usuários Comerciais, usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Clientes Finais com eles. Quando permitido, também usamos os Dados Pessoais de Clientes Finais para as próprias finalidades da Stripe como aprimorar a segurança, melhorar e oferecer nossos Serviços Comerciais e evitar fraudes, perdas e outros danos, como descrito em mais detalhes abaixo. Processamento de pagamentos e contabilidade . Usamos seus Dados de Transação para prestar Serviços Comerciais relacionados a Pagamentos para Usuários Comerciais — incluindo processamento de transações de pagamento online, cálculo de impostos sobre vendas e gerenciamento de faturas, contas e contestações — e ajuda para determinar a receita, liquidar contas e executar tarefas contábeis. Saiba mais . Também podemos usar seus Dados Pessoais para fornecer e melhorar nossos Serviços Comerciais. Durante transações de pagamento, seus Dados Pessoais são compartilhados com várias entidades em conexão com sua transação. Como provedor de serviços ou processador de dados, nós compartilhamos Dados Pessoais para permitir transações conforme instruído por Usuários Comerciais. Por exemplo, quando você escolhe uma forma de pagamento para sua transação, podemos compartilhar seus Dados de Transação com seu banco ou outro provedor de formas de pagamento, incluindo, conforme necessário, para autenticar você, Saiba mais, processar sua transação, prevenir fraudes e gerenciar contestações. O Usuário Comercial com o qual você opta por fazer negócios também recebe Dados de Transação e pode compartilhar os dados com terceiros. Consulte as políticas de privacidade do comerciante, do banco e do provedor de formas de pagamento para obter mais informações sobre como seus Dados Pessoais são usados e compartilhados. Serviços financeiros . Determinados Usuários Comerciais usam nossos Serviços para oferecer serviços financeiros a você por meio da Stripe ou dos nossos Parceiros Financeiros. Por exemplo, um Usuário Comercial pode emitir um produto de cartão com o qual você pode comprar produtos e serviços. Esses cartões podem levar a marca da Stripe, do parceiro bancário e/ou do Usuário Comercial. Além dos Dados de Transação que possamos gerar ou receber quando esses cartões forem usados para compras, também coletamos e usamos seus Dados Pessoais para fornecer e gerenciar esses produtos, inclusive para auxiliar Usuários Comerciais a evitar o uso indevido dos cartões. Leia as políticas de privacidade do Usuário Comercial e, se aplicável, dos nossos parceiros bancários associados ao serviço financeiro (cujas marcas podem ser exibidas no cartão) para obter mais informações. Serviços de identificação/verificação . Usamos Dados Pessoais sobre sua identidade para realizar serviços de verificação para a Stripe ou para os Usuários Comerciais com os quais você está fazendo transações, para evitar fraudes e aprimorar a segurança. Para essas finalidades, podemos usar os Dados Pessoais que você informa diretamente ou os Dados Pessoais que obtemos de nossos provedores de serviços, inclusive para verificação por telefone. Saiba mais . Se você fornecer uma selfie junto com uma imagem do seu documento de identificação, nós poderemos empregar tecnologia biométrica para comparar e calcular se eles correspondem e verificar sua identidade. Saiba mais . Detecção de fraudes e prevenção contra perdas . Utilizamos seus Dados Pessoais coletados nos nossos Serviços para detectar e evitar perdas para você, nós, nossos Usuários Comerciais e Parceiros Financeiros. Nós podemos fornecer seus Dados Pessoais (incluindo tentativas de transações) aos Usuários Comerciais e Parceiros Financeiros, incluindo os que usam nossos Serviços Comerciais relacionados à prevenção de fraudes, para ajudá-los a avaliar o risco de fraude ou perda associado à transação. Saiba como podemos usar tecnologia para avaliar o risco de fraude associado a uma tentativa de transação e quais dados compartilhamos com Usuários Comerciais e Parceiros Financeiros aqui e aqui . Nossos Usuários Comerciais (e seus terceiros autorizados) . Compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Clientes Finais com seus respectivos Usuários Comerciais e partes diretamente autorizadas por esses Usuários Comerciais para receber tais dados. Aqui estão exemplos comuns desse compartilhamento: Quando um Usuário Comercial instrui a Stripe a fornecer acesso para outro Usuário Comercial à própria conta Stripe, incluindo dados relacionados aos seus Clientes Finais, por meio do Stripe Connect. Compartilhamento de dados que você nos forneceu com um Usuário Comercial para que possamos enviar pagamentos a você em nome desse Usuário Comercial. Compartilhamento de dados, documentos ou imagens fornecidas por um Cliente Final com um Usuário Comercial quando o último usa o Stripe Identity, nosso Serviço de verificação de identidade, para verificar a identidade do Usuário Final. Os Usuários Comerciais com os quais você escolhe fazer negócios também podem compartilhar seus Dados Pessoais com terceiros (como outros provedores de serviços externos que não sejam a Stripe). Revise a política de privacidade do Usuário Comercial para obter mais informações. Publicidade por Usuários Comerciais . Se você iniciar um processo de compra com um Usuário Comercial, o Usuário Comercial receberá seus Dados Pessoais de nós em conexão com nossa prestação de Serviços, mesmo que você não termine sua compra. O Usuário Comercial poderá usar seus Dados Pessoais para comercializar e fazer publicidade dos próprios produtos ou serviços, sujeito aos termos de sua política de privacidade. Revise a política de privacidade do Usuário Comercial para obter mais informações, incluindo seus direitos de interromper o uso dos seus Dados Pessoais para fins de marketing. Mais . Para obter mais informações sobre formas adicionais pelas quais podemos usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais de Clientes Finais, consulte a seção Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais abaixo. 1.3 Representantes Nós coletamos, usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Representantes de Usuários Comerciais (por exemplo, proprietários de empresas) para fornecer nossos Serviços Comerciais. Para obter mais informações sobre como coletamos, usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Representantes, além das fundamentações jurídicas em que nos baseamos para processar esses Dados Pessoais, acesse a nossa Central de Privacidade . a. Dados Pessoais que coletamos sobre Representantes Registro e dados de contato . Quando você se registra em uma conta Stripe para um Usuário Comercial (incluindo a constituição de uma Empresa), nós coletamos seu nome e credenciais de login. Se você se registrar ou participar de um evento organizado pela Stripe ou se inscrever para receber comunicações da Stripe, coletaremos seus dados de registro e perfil. Como Representante, nós poderemos coletar seus Dados Pessoais junto a terceiros, incluindo fornecedores de dados, para fazer publicidade, comercializar e comunicar com você conforme apresentado em mais detalhes na seção Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais abaixo. Também poderemos vincular uma localização com você para adequar eficazmente os Serviços ou os dados às suas necessidades. Saiba mais . Dados de identificação . Por você ser Usuário Comercial atual ou em potencial, proprietário de um Usuário Comercial ou acionista, executivo ou diretor de um Usuário Comercial, nós precisamos dos seus dados de contato, como nome, endereço de correspondência, número de telefone e endereço de e-mail, para cumprir os requisitos regulatórios e do nosso Parceiro Financeiro, verificar sua identidade e evitar atividades fraudulentas e prejuízos à plataforma Stripe. Coletamos seus Dados Pessoais, como participação acionária no Usuário Comercial, data de nascimento, documentos de identificação oficiais e identificadores associados, além de qualquer histórico de fraude ou uso indevido, diretamente de você e/ou de fontes disponíveis publicamente, terceiros como agências de crédito e por meio dos Serviços que prestamos. Saiba mais . Você também pode optar por nos fornecer dados de conta bancária. Mais . Para obter mais informações sobre outros tipos de Dados Pessoais que podemos coletar sobre Representantes, incluindo suas atividades online, consulte a seção Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais abaixo. b. Como usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Representantes Normalmente, usamos os Dados Pessoais de Representantes para fornecer os Serviços Comerciais aos Usuários Comerciais correspondentes. As maneiras pelas quais usamos e compartilhamos esses dados são descritas em detalhes abaixo. Serviços Comerciais . Utilizamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Representantes com Usuários Comerciais para fornecer os Serviços solicitados por você ou o Usuário Comercial que você representa. Em alguns casos, talvez seja necessário enviar seus Dados Pessoais a uma entidade governamental para fornecer nossos Serviços Comerciais para fins como a constituição de uma empresa ou para calcular e pagar o imposto sobre vendas aplicável. Para os nossos Serviços Comerciais relacionados a impostos, podemos usar seus Dados Pessoais para preparar documentos fiscais e declarar impostos em nome do Usuário Comercial que você representa. Para os nossos Serviços de incorporação comercial Atlas, podemos usar seus Dados Pessoais para enviar informes ao IRS em seu nome e registrar documentos junto a outras autoridades públicas, como contrato social no estado de constituição da sua empresa. Compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Representantes com partes autorizadas pelo Usuário Comercial correspondente, como Parceiros Financeiros que oferecem um produto financeiro, ou aplicativos ou serviços de terceiros que o Usuário Comercial optar por usar junto com nossos Serviços Comerciais. Aqui estão exemplos comuns desse compartilhamento: Provedores de formas de pagamento, como Visa ou WeChat Pay, precisam de dados sobre Usuários Comerciais e seus Representantes que aceitam suas formas de pagamento. Esses dados normalmente são exigidos durante o processo de onboarding ou para processamento de transações e gerenciamento de disputas para esses Usuários Comerciais. Saiba mais . Um Usuário Comercial pode autorizar a Stripe a compartilhar seus Dados Pessoais com outros Usuários Comerciais para facilitar a prestação dos Serviços por meio do Stripe Connect. O uso de Dados Pessoais por um terceiro autorizado por um Usuário Comercial está sujeito à política de privacidade do terceiro. Se você for um Usuário Comercial que optou por um nome que inclui Dados Pessoais (por exemplo, um nome de empresário individual ou de família usado em um nome de empresa), usaremos e compartilharemos esses dados para a prestação dos nossos Serviços da mesma maneira que o fazemos com qualquer nome de empresa. Isso poderá incluir, por exemplo, exibição em recibos e outras descrições que identificam transações. Detecção de fraudes e prevenção contra perdas . Utilizamos Dados Pessoais de Representantes para identificar e gerenciar riscos de que nossos Serviços Comerciais possam ser usados para atividades fraudulentas que causem perdas à Stripe, Usuários Finais, Clientes Finais, Usuários Comerciais, Parceiros Financeiros e outros. Também usamos dados sobre você obtidas de fontes disponíveis publicamente, terceiros como agências de crédito e dos nossos Serviços para abordar tais riscos, inclusive para identificar parceiros quanto a uso indevido e monitorar violações de termos de serviço. A Stripe pode compartilhar Dados Pessoais de Representantes com Usuários Comerciais, nossos Parceiros Financeiros e provedores de serviços externos, incluindo provedores de verificação por telefone ( saiba mais ), para verificar os dados fornecidos por você e identificar indicadores de risco. Saiba mais . Também usamos Dados Pessoais de Representantes para conduzir due diligences, incluindo a realização de triagens de sanções e antilavagem de dinheiro em conformidade com a lei aplicável. Publicidade . Quando permitido pela legislação aplicável e, quando necessário, com o seu consentimento, usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais dos Representantes com terceiros, incluindo Parceiros , para que possamos fazer publicidade e comercializar nossos Serviços e integrações com Parceiros. Sujeito à legislação aplicável, incluindo quaisquer exigências de consentimento, podemos fazer publicidade por meio de anúncios baseados em interesses e monitorar a eficácia de tais anúncios. Consulte a Política de Cookies da Stripe. Não transferimos seus Dados Pessoais para nenhum terceiro em troca de pagamento. No entanto, podemos fornecer seus dados a parceiros externos, como parceiros de publicidade, fornecedores de análises de dados e redes sociais, que nos auxiliam na publicidade dos nossos Serviços. Saiba mais . Também podemos usar seus Dados Pessoais, incluindo suas atividades na conta Stripe, para avaliar sua qualificação e oferecer a você Serviços Comerciais ou promover os Serviços Comerciais existentes. Saiba mais . Mais . Para obter mais informações sobre formas adicionais pelas quais podemos usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais de Representantes, consulte a seção Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais abaixo. 1.4 Visitantes Nós coletamos, usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Visitantes. Para obter mais informações sobre como coletamos, usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Visitantes, assim como as fundamentações jurídicas em que nos baseamos para processar tais Dados Pessoais, acesse a nossa Central de Privacidade . a. Dados Pessoais que coletamos sobre Visitantes Quando você navega pelos nossos Sites, recebemos seus Dados Pessoais, sejam fornecidos diretamente por você ou coletados pelo nosso uso de cookies e tecnologias similares. Consulte a Política de Cookies do Stripe para obter mais informações. Se você optar por preencher um formulário no Site ou em sites de terceiros onde nossos anúncios são exibidos (como LinkedIn ou Facebook), coletaremos os dados que você incluir no formulário. Isso pode incluir seus dados de contato e outros dados relacionadas às suas dúvidas sobre os nossos Serviços. Também podemos associar uma localização à sua visita. Saiba mais . Mais . Para obter mais informações sobre outros tipos de Dados Pessoais que podemos coletar de Visitantes, incluindo suas atividades online, acesse a seção Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais abaixo. b. Como usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais de Visitantes Personalização . Nós usamos os dados que coletamos de cookies e tecnologias similares sobre você para mensurar o engajamento de usuários com o conteúdo nos Sites, melhorar a relevância e a navegação, personalizar sua experiência (como preferência de idioma e conteúdo específico de região) e selecionar o conteúdo sobre a Stripe e os nossos Serviços que são personalizados para você. Por exemplo, como nem todos os nossos Serviços estão disponíveis globalmente, podemos personalizar nossas respostas com base na sua região. Publicidade . Quando permitido pela legislação aplicável e, quando necessário, com o seu consentimento, usamos e compartilhamos Dados Pessoais dos Visitantes com terceiros, incluindo Parceiros , para que possamos fazer publicidade e comercializar nossos Serviços e integrações com Parceiros. Sujeito à legislação aplicável, incluindo quaisquer exigências de consentimento, podemos fazer publicidade por meio de anúncios baseados em interesses e monitorar a eficácia de tais anúncios. Consulte a Política de Cookies da Stripe. Não transferimos seus Dados Pessoais para terceiros em troca de pagamento, mas podemos fornecer seus dados a parceiros externos, como parceiros de publicidade, fornecedores de análises de dados e redes sociais, que nos auxiliam a fazer publicidade dos Serviços. Saiba mais . Engajamento . Conforme você interage com nossos Sites, nós usamos os dados que coletamos sobre você e por meio dos seus dispositivos para oferecer oportunidades para futuras interações, como discussões sobre Serviços ou interações com chatbots, para abordar suas dúvidas. Mais . Para obter mais informações sobre formas adicionais pelas quais podemos usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais de Visitantes, consulte a seção Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais abaixo. 2. Outras formas que adotamos para coletar, usar e compartilhar Dados Pessoais Além das maneiras descritas acima, também processamos seus Dados Pessoais conforme descrito a seguir: a. Coleta de Dados Pessoais Atividades online . Dependendo do Serviço utilizado e de como nossos Serviços Comerciais são implementados pelos Usuários Comerciais, podemos coletar dados relacionados a: Os dispositivos e navegadores que você utiliza nos nossos Sites e em sites, aplicativos e outros serviços online de terceiros ("Sites de Terceiros"). Dados de uso associados a esses dispositivos e navegadores e seu engajamento com os nossos Serviços, incluindo elementos de dados como endereço IP, plugins, preferência de idiomas, tempo gasto em Sites e Sites de Terceiros, páginas visitadas, links clicados, formas de pagamento utilizadas e as páginas que levaram você aos nossos Sites e Sites de Terceiros. Também coletamos indicadores de atividades, como indicadores de atividade do mouse, para nos ajudar a detectar fraudes. Saiba mais . Consulte também a Política de Cookies da Stripe. Dados de comunicações e engajamentos . Também coletamos dados que você escolhe compartilhar conosco por meio de vários canais, como tíquetes de suporte, e-mails ou redes sociais. Se você responder a e-mails ou pesquisas da Stripe, nós coletaremos seu endereço de e-mail, nome e qualquer outro dado que você optar para incluir no e-mail ou nas respostas. Se você interagir conosco por telefone, coletaremos seu número de telefone e qualquer outro dado que você possa fornecer durante a chamada. As chamadas para a Stripe ou para os representantes da Stripe podem ser gravadas. Saiba mais . Além disso, coletamos seus dados de engajamento, como seu registro, participação ou visualização de eventos da Stripe e qualquer outra interação com o pessoal da Stripe. Fóruns e grupos de discussão . Se os nossos Sites permitirem a publicação de conteúdo, coletaremos Dados Pessoais que você fornecer em conexão com a publicação. b. Uso de Dados Pessoais. Além do uso de Dados Pessoais descritos acima, nós usamos os Dados Pessoais das maneiras listadas abaixo: Análise, melhora e desenvolvimento dos nossos Serviços . Coletamos e processamos Dados Pessoais por meio dos nossos vários Serviços, seja você um Usuário Final, Cliente Final, Representante ou Visitante, para melhorar os nossos Serviços, desenvolver novos Serviços e apoiar nossos esforços para tornar nossos Serviços mais eficientes, relevantes e úteis para você. Saiba mais . Podemos usar os Dados Pessoais para gerar dados agregados e estatísticos com a finalidade de entender e explicar como nossos Serviços são usados. Estes são alguns exemplos de como usamos os Dados Pessoais para analisar, melhorar e desenvolver nossos produtos e serviços: Usamos análise de dados nos nossos Sites, inclusive da forma descrita em nossa Política de Cookies, para nos ajudar a entender seu uso dos nossos Sites e Serviços e diagnosticar problemas técnicos. Treinamos modelos de inteligência artificial para dar suporte aos nossos Serviços e nos protegermos contra fraudes e outros danos. Saiba mais . Analisamos e geramos inferências com base nos Dados de Transação para reduzir custos, fraudes e contestações, além de aumentar as taxas de autenticação e autorização para a Stripe e nossos Usuários Comerciais. Comunicações . Nós usamos dados de contato que temos sobre você para entregar nossos Serviços, o que pode envolver o envio de códigos por SMS para sua autenticação. Saiba mais . Se você for Usuário Final, Representante ou Visitante, podemos nos comunicar com você usando os dados de contato que temos sobre você para fornecer informações sobre os nossos Serviços e os serviços das nossas afiliadas, convidar você para participar de nossos eventos, questionários ou pesquisas de usuário ou, de outro modo, nos comunicarmos com você para fins de marketing, em conformidade com a legislação aplicável, incluindo qualquer consentimento ou exigências de optar por não participar. Por exemplo, quando você nos fornece seus dados de contato ou quando coletamos seus dados de contato comercial por meio de participação em exposições ou outros eventos, podemos usar esses dados para dar seguimento com você após um evento, fornecer informações solicitadas sobre os nossos Serviços e incluir você nas nossas campanhas de informações de marketing. Quando for permitido pela legislação aplicável, podemos registrar nossas chamadas com você para fornecer os nossos Serviços, cumprir nossas obrigações jurídicas, realizar pesquisas e garantia de qualidade, e para fins de treinamento. Redes sociais e promoções . Se você optar por enviar Dados Pessoais para se engajar em uma oferta, programa ou promoção, nós usaremos os Dados Pessoais fornecidos por você para gerenciar a oferta, o programa ou promoção. Também usamos os Dados Pessoais que você fornece, junto com os Dados Pessoais que você disponibiliza em plataformas de redes sociais, para fins de marketing, a menos que não tenhamos permissão para fazê-lo. Prevenção contra fraudes e segurança . Coletamos e usamos Dados Pessoais para nos ajudar a identificar e gerenciar atividades que possam ser fraudulentas ou prejudiciais nos nossos Serviços, habilitar nossos Serviços Comerciais de detecção de fraudes e assegurar nossos Serviços e transações contra acesso, uso ou alteração não autorizados ou apropriação indébita de Dados Pessoais, dados e fundos. Como parte dos esforços de prevenção e detecção de fraudes, monitoramento de segurança e de conformidade para a Stripe e seus Usuários Comerciais, coletamos informações de fontes disponíveis publicamente, terceiros (como agências de crédito) e por meio dos Serviços que oferecemos. Em algumas instâncias, também podemos coletar dados sobre você diretamente de você ou de nossos Usuários Comerciais, Parceiros Financeiros e outros terceiros para as mesmas finalidades. Além disso, para proteger os nossos Serviços, podemos receber detalhes como endereços IP e outros dados de identificação sobre possíveis ameaças de segurança de terceiros. Saiba mais . Esses dados nos ajudam a verificar identidades, conduzir verificações de crédito quando permitido por lei e evitar fraudes. Além disso, podemos usar tecnologia para avaliar o possível risco de fraude associado a indivíduos em busca de contratar nossos Serviços Comerciais ou a partir de tentativas de transações por um Cliente Final ou Usuário Final com nossos Usuários Comerciais ou Parceiros Financeiros. Conformidade com obrigações jurídicas . Usamos Dados Pessoais para cumprir nossas obrigações contratuais e legais relacionadas a leis antilavagem de dinheiro, Conheça seu cliente ("KYC"), atividades antiterrorismo, proteção de clientes vulneráveis, controle de exportações e proibição de fazer negócios com indivíduos restritos ou em determinados campos comerciais, entre outras obrigações legais. Por exemplo, podemos monitorar padrões de transação e outros sinais online e usar esses insights para identificar fraude, lavagem de dinheiro e outras atividades prejudiciais que possam afetar a Stripe, nossos Parceiros Financeiros, Usuários Finais, Usuários Comerciais e outros. Saiba mais . A segurança, proteção e conformidade de nossos Serviços são prioridades fundamentais para nós, e a coleta e o uso de Dados Pessoais é crucial para esse esforço. Menores de idade . Nossos Serviços não são direcionados a crianças menores de 13 anos, e solicitamos que não forneçam Dados Pessoais para buscar Serviços diretamente da Stripe. Em determinadas jurisdições, podemos impor limites etários maiores conforme exigido pela legislação aplicável. c. Compartilhamento de Dados Pessoais. Além do compartilhamento de Dados Pessoais descritos acima, compartilhamos os Dados Pessoais nas maneiras listadas abaixo: Afiliadas da Stripe . Compartilhamos Dados Pessoais com outras entidades afiliadas da Stripe para os fins identificados nesta Política. Provedores de Serviços ou Processadores . Para fornecer, comunicar, comercializar, analisar e fazer publicidade de nossos Serviços, dependemos de provedores de serviços. Esses provedores oferecem serviços essenciais, como fornecimento de infraestrutura de nuvem, realização de análise de dados para avaliação de velocidade, precisão e/ou segurança dos nossos Serviços, verificação de identidades, identificação de atividades possivelmente prejudiciais e o fornecimento de funções de atendimento ao cliente e auditoria. Autorizamos esses provedores de serviços a usar ou divulgar os Dados Pessoais que disponibilizamos para que realizem serviços em nosso nome e cumpram as obrigações jurídicas relevantes. Exigimos que esses provedores de serviço se comprometam contratualmente com obrigações de segurança e confidencialidade dos Dados Pessoais que processam em nosso nome. A maioria dos nossos provedores de serviços está localizada na União Europeia, nos Estados Unidos da América e na Índia. Saiba mais . Parceiros Financeiros . Compartilhamos Dados Pessoais com determinados Parceiros Financeiros para fornecer Serviços a Usuários Comerciais e oferecer determinados Serviços em conjunto com os Parceiros Financeiros. Por exemplo, podemos compartilhar determinados Dados Pessoais, como volume de processamento de pagamentos, dados de pagamento de empréstimos e dados de contato do Representante com investidores e financiadores institucionais que compram recebíveis de empréstimos ou oferecem financiamentos relacionados ao Stripe Capital. Saiba mais . Outros mediante consentimento . Em determinadas situações, podemos não oferecer um serviço, mas sim encaminhar você a terceiros (como empresas de serviços profissionais com as quais temos parceria para fornecer o Serviço Atlas). Nesses casos, divulgaremos a identidade do terceiro e os dados que serão compartilhados com ele e buscaremos seu consentimento para compartilhar as informações. Transações corporativas . Caso firmemos ou tenhamos a intenção de firmar uma transação que modifique a estrutura do nosso negócio, como uma reorganização, fusão, venda, joint venture, cessão, transferência, mudança de controle ou outra disposição total ou parcial de nosso negócio, ativos ou ações, poderemos compartilhar Dados Pessoais com terceiros em conexão com essa transação. Qualquer outra entidade que adquira nossa empresa ou parte dela terá o direito de continuar usando seus Dados Pessoais de acordo com os termos desta Política. Conformidade e prevenção de danos . Compartilhamos Dados Pessoais quando acreditamos que é necessário para cumprir a legislação aplicável; para cumprir as regras impostas por Parceiros Financeiros em conexão com o uso de suas formas de pagamento; para exercer nossos direitos contratuais; para assegurar e proteger os Serviços, direitos, privacidade, segurança e propriedade da Stripe, de você e de terceiros, inclusive contra atividade maliciosa ou fraudulenta; e para responder a solicitações válidas de tribunais, agências de aplicação da lei, agências regulatórias e outras autoridades públicas e governamentais, que podem incluir autoridades fora do seu país de residência. 3. Fundamentações jurídicas para o processamento de Dados Pessoais Para as finalidades do Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados (GDPR) e outras leis aplicáveis de proteção de dados, usamos uma série de fundamentações jurídicas como base para processar seus Dados Pessoais. Saiba mais . Para algumas jurisdições, pode haver outras fundamentações jurídicas, que são descritas na seção Disposições para jurisdições específicas abaixo. a. Relacionamentos comerciais contratuais e pré-contratuais. . Processamos Dados Pessoais para celebrar relacionamentos comerciais com possíveis Usuários Comerciais e Usuários Finais e cumprir nossas respectivas obrigações contratuais com eles. Essas atividades de processamento incluem: Criação e gerenciamento de contas e credenciais de contas Stripe, incluindo a avaliação de solicitações para iniciar ou expandir o uso dos nossos Serviços; Criação e gerenciamento de contas do Stripe Checkout; Atividades contábeis, de auditoria e de cobrança; Processamento de pagamentos e atividades relacionadas, incluindo detecção de fraudes, prevenção de perdas, otimização de transações, comunicações sobre esses pagamentos e atendimento ao cliente. b. Conformidade jurídica . Processamos Dados Pessoais para verificar identidades de indivíduos e entidades a fim de cumprir as obrigações relacionadas ao monitoramento, prevenção e detecção de fraudes, além de leis associadas à identificação e denúncia de atividades ilícitas e ilegais, como aquelas cobertas pelos regulamentos Antilavagem de dinheiro ("AML") e Conheça seu cliente ("KYC") e obrigações de declarações financeiras. Por exemplo, podemos ser obrigados a registrar e confirmar a identidade de um Usuário Comercial para cumprir os regulamentos designados para evitar lavagem de dinheiro, fraude e crimes financeiros. Essas obrigações jurídicas podem nos obrigar a declarar nossa conformidade com terceiros e nos sujeitar a auditorias de verificação de terceiros. c. Interesses legítimos . Quando permitido pela lei vigente, nos baseamos em interesses comerciais legítimos para processar seus Dados Pessoais. A lista a seguir fornece um exemplo das finalidades comerciais para as quais temos interesse legítimo em processar seus dados: Detecção, monitoramento e prevenção de fraudes e transações de pagamento não autorizadas; Mitigação de perdas financeiras, ações, responsabilidades e outros danos que afetem Clientes Finais, Usuários Finais, Usuários Comerciais, Parceiros Financeiros e a Stripe; Determinação de qualificação e oferta de novos produtos e serviços da Stripe ( Saiba mais ); Resposta a consultas, entrega de avisos dos Serviços e fornecimento de suporte ao cliente; Promoção, análise, modificação e aperfeiçoamento dos nossos Serviços, sistemas e ferramentas, além do desenvolvimento de novos produtos e serviços, incluindo aprimoramento da confiabilidade dos Serviços; Gerenciamento, operação e aperfeiçoamento do desempenho dos nossos Sites e Serviços, por meio do entendimento da eficácia deles e da otimização dos nossos ativos digitais; Análise e publicidade dos nossos Serviços e melhorias relacionadas; Análise de agregados e desenvolvimento de inteligência de negócios que nos permitem operar, proteger, tomar decisões embasadas e gerar relatórios sobre o desempenho da nossa empresa; Compartilhamento de Dados Pessoais com provedores de serviços externos que oferecem serviços em nosso nome e parceiros comerciais que nos ajudam a operar e melhorar os nossos negócios ( Saiba mais ); Proporcionar segurança de rede e dados por meio da Stripe e nossos Serviços; e Compartilhamento de Dados Pessoais entre as nossas afiliadas. d. Consentimento . Podemos usar consentimento ou consentimento explícito para coletar e processar Dados Pessoais relacionados às nossas interações com você e ao fornecimento dos nossos Serviços como o Link, Financial Connections, Atlas e Identity. Quando processamos seus Dados Pessoais com base no seu consentimento, você tem o direito de retirá-lo a qualquer momento e tal retirada não impactará a legalidade do processamento realizado com base no consentimento anterior à sua retirada. e. Interesse público substancial . Podemos processar categorias especiais de Dados Pessoais, conforme definido pelo GDPR, quando tal processamento for necessário por motivos de interesse público substancial e consentimento com a legislação aplicável, como quando realizamos verificações de pessoas politicamente expostas. Também podemos processar Dados Pessoais relacionados a condenações criminais e ofensas quando tal processamento é autorizado pela legislação aplicável, como quando realizamos triagem de sanções para cumprir obrigações de AML e KYC. f. Outras fundamentações jurídicas válidas . Também podemos processar Dados | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://stripe.com/en-sg/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Privacy Policy Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy will be updated on January 16, 2026. Please review the upcoming changes here . Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the Europe | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://forem.com/decision_intelligent#main-content | DECISION INTELLIGENT - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions DECISION INTELLIGENT We empower organizations across industries to harness the power of artificial intelligence and make informed, data-backed decisions that drive success. Location Dubai, United Arab Emirates Joined Joined on Nov 18, 2025 Personal website https://www.decisionintelligent.com/ More info about @decision_intelligent Post 6 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed How Odoo ERP Simplifies VAT Filing for UAE Businesses | Decision Intelligent DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT Follow Jan 5 How Odoo ERP Simplifies VAT Filing for UAE Businesses | Decision Intelligent # ai # decisionintelligent # odoo # erp Comments Add Comment 4 min read UAE VAT & Corporate Tax Compliance with Odoo ERP | Decision Intelligent DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT Follow Dec 26 '25 UAE VAT & Corporate Tax Compliance with Odoo ERP | Decision Intelligent # ai # decisionintelligent # odooerp # uaetax Comments Add Comment 3 min read Cloud vs On-Prem ERP: What Decision Intelligent Recommends for SMEs DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT Follow Dec 22 '25 Cloud vs On-Prem ERP: What Decision Intelligent Recommends for SMEs # decisionintelligent # odooerp # ai # sme Comments Add Comment 3 min read Odoo for Real Estate: How Decision Intelligent Helps Agencies Automate Operations DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT Follow Dec 4 '25 Odoo for Real Estate: How Decision Intelligent Helps Agencies Automate Operations # decisionintelligent # ai # odoo # realestate Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Makes Decision Intelligent Different? A Deep Dive into Our Approach to Odoo Implementations DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT Follow Nov 26 '25 What Makes Decision Intelligent Different? A Deep Dive into Our Approach to Odoo Implementations # decisionintelligent # ai # odooerp # erp Comments Add Comment 3 min read How "Decision Intelligent" Is Transforming ERP Adoption in the UAE DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT DECISION INTELLIGENT Follow Nov 19 '25 How "Decision Intelligent" Is Transforming ERP Adoption in the UAE # decisionintelligent # odoo # ai # erp Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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Right menu The NoFluff Cheatsheet for the Airflow 3 Fundamentals Michael Salata Michael Salata Michael Salata Follow Dec 20 '25 The NoFluff Cheatsheet for the Airflow 3 Fundamentals # airflow # astronomer # python # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 9 min read How I Finally Passed the AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional Exam (SAP-C02) nainarmalik nainarmalik nainarmalik Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 19 '25 How I Finally Passed the AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional Exam (SAP-C02) # awscertified # sapc02 # certification # aws 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read Boosting Your Upwork Journey with Credly Certifications Mustafa Baysal Mustafa Baysal Mustafa Baysal Follow Nov 13 '25 Boosting Your Upwork Journey with Credly Certifications # credly # freelance # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Yet Another AWS AI Certification - AI Professional SHAJAM SHAJAM SHAJAM Follow Oct 30 '25 Yet Another AWS AI Certification - AI Professional # aws # certification Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Do I Prepare for the iSAQB CPSA-F Exam? tecnovy tecnovy tecnovy Follow Nov 13 '25 How Do I Prepare for the iSAQB CPSA-F Exam? # software # certification # career # architecture 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Cloud Practitioner Exam Guide Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 4 '25 Cloud Practitioner Exam Guide # aws # certification # cloud # cloudcomputing 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer Core Concepts Matt Lewis Matt Lewis Matt Lewis Follow for AWS Heroes Oct 4 '25 AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer Core Concepts # aws # ai # certification # learning 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 14 min read Is iSAQB certification worth it? tecnovy tecnovy tecnovy Follow Oct 18 '25 Is iSAQB certification worth it? # architecture # isaqb # certification # software 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Vendor Certs vs. Platform-Agnostic: Which Signal Do Recruiters Trust? Deborah Ferguson Deborah Ferguson Deborah Ferguson Follow Sep 18 '25 Vendor Certs vs. Platform-Agnostic: Which Signal Do Recruiters Trust? # ai # certification # openai # aws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Your First Step in Cybersecurity: SOC and Certifications Muhammet Murat Kurkoglu Muhammet Murat Kurkoglu Muhammet Murat Kurkoglu Follow Sep 9 '25 Your First Step in Cybersecurity: SOC and Certifications # cybersecurity # security # certification # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read Your First Step in Cybersecurity: SOC and Certifications orioninsist orioninsist orioninsist Follow Sep 9 '25 Your First Step in Cybersecurity: SOC and Certifications # cybersecurity # security # certification # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🎉 Cleared Linux Foundation Certified IT Associate (LFCA) + Preparation Guide Shivansh Barapatre Shivansh Barapatre Shivansh Barapatre Follow Sep 3 '25 🎉 Cleared Linux Foundation Certified IT Associate (LFCA) + Preparation Guide # linux # devops # cloud # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read ¿Cómo conseguí la certificación de Git SC-102? Eduardo Emmanuel Valenzuela Ro Eduardo Emmanuel Valenzuela Ro Eduardo Emmanuel Valenzuela Ro Follow Aug 31 '25 ¿Cómo conseguí la certificación de Git SC-102? # sc102 # git # certification # linux Comments Add Comment 9 min read Visualise your Certifications with the Exam Timeline Project Sarah Lean 🏴 Sarah Lean 🏴 Sarah Lean 🏴 Follow Aug 27 '25 Visualise your Certifications with the Exam Timeline Project # certification Comments Add Comment 5 min read Journey to the Golden Jacket: Passing the AWS Solutions Architect Professional Exam Samia Khan Samia Khan Samia Khan Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 26 '25 Journey to the Golden Jacket: Passing the AWS Solutions Architect Professional Exam # aws # certification # architecture # devops 6 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read How to Pass the AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate (DEA-C01) Exam2025 Camille Chang Camille Chang Camille Chang Follow Sep 24 '25 How to Pass the AWS Certified Data Engineer – Associate (DEA-C01) Exam2025 # aws # certification # dataengineering # beginners Comments 1 comment 5 min read Rumbo AWS Certified Security Specialty. 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Bitácora de vuelo de una builder - AWS Directory Services y Federation # aws # security # certification # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 13 min read Guía de Estudio: Conceptos Fundamentales y Aplicados de IA en AWS Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Follow Sep 18 '25 Guía de Estudio: Conceptos Fundamentales y Aplicados de IA en AWS # aws # ai # learning # certification 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read AWS Certified AI Practitioner (AIF-C01) Study Guide Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Follow Sep 18 '25 AWS Certified AI Practitioner (AIF-C01) Study Guide # aws # ai # certification # learning 1 reaction Comments 3 comments 5 min read IA Generativa: Un Nuevo Paradigma en la Inteligencia Artificial Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Follow Sep 18 '25 IA Generativa: Un Nuevo Paradigma en la Inteligencia Artificial # aws # ai # learning # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read Guía de Estudio AWS Certified AI Practitioner (AIF-C01) Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Follow Sep 18 '25 Guía de Estudio AWS Certified AI Practitioner (AIF-C01) # aws # ai # certification # cloud 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Guía de Estudio AWS Certified AI Practitioner (AIF-C01) Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Follow Sep 18 '25 Guía de Estudio AWS Certified AI Practitioner (AIF-C01) # aws # ai # certification # cloud 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Glosario de Términos Clave de IA y AWS Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Follow Sep 18 '25 Glosario de Términos Clave de IA y AWS # aws # ai # learning # certification Comments Add Comment 5 min read Automated Infrastructure Provisioning with Pulumi kalyani kalyani kalyani Follow Aug 12 '25 Automated Infrastructure Provisioning with Pulumi # devops # certification Comments Add Comment 5 min read I took the AWS Solutions Architect Professional again after 3 years. Here's what changed Elizabeth Adeotun Adegbaju Elizabeth Adeotun Adegbaju Elizabeth Adeotun Adegbaju Follow for AWS Community Builders Aug 5 '25 I took the AWS Solutions Architect Professional again after 3 years. Here's what changed # aws # cloud # learning # certification 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Code of Conduct Last updated July 31, 2023 All participants of DEV Community are expected to abide by our Code of Conduct and Terms of Service , both online and during in-person events that are hosted and/or associated with DEV Community. Our Pledge In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as moderators of DEV Community pledge to make participation in our project and our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, disability, ethnicity, gender identity and expression, level of experience, nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation. 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https://stripe.com/en-at/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Datenschutzrichtlinie Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the European Commission and the UK International Data Transfer Addendum issued by the Information Commissioner’s Office. You can obtain a copy of the relevant Standard Contractual Clauses. Learn More . Other lawful methods available to us under applicable law. Stripe, Inc. complies with the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“EU-U.S. DPF”), the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF, and the Swiss-U.S. Data Privacy Framework as set forth by the U.S. Department of Commerce and as applicable. Learn More . Stripe’s privacy practices, as described in this Privacy Policy, comply with the Cross Border Privacy Rules System (“CBPR | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/m_nevin/when-s-the-best-time-to-post-on-dev-to-5824 | When's the Best Time to Post on Dev.to? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Marc Nevin Posted on Apr 4, 2020 When's the Best Time to Post on Dev.to? # meta # python # jupyter # beginners Using Python to work out visualise the best times and topics on Dev.to Having an international community on Dev.to means that there are users active all around the clock, that makes it hard to understand when the community is the most active. Knowing this helps understand your audience more and helps you get the most engagement with the content you're posting. With some simple Python, we can work out as much as we can about the users of Dev.to and their behaviour, like when we should be posting to get it in front of as many people as we can. Not to mention, its a good chance to learn something about data prep and manipulation. Last year, I worked on a project to understand what users were posting on my company's Yammer, think company Facebook; we were using python to track engagement on topics my team were interested in, how they were being perceived and when they were being interacted with. While looking around for some visualisation ideas, I saw Pierre's post about the best time to post here, What is the best time to post on dev.to? a data-backed answer 🕰🦄🤷♂️ Pierre ・ Mar 24 '19 #python #webdev #beginners #meta Now that I've started posting here more regularly, I thought I'd try something similar, so I decided to try a short project to understand more about the users here when they are reading, are there any trends and what topics they interact with the most. To try to understand the reader, we need to work out what determines a successful post - normally that's read numbers, comments and reactions. Since we can't get reads numbers for every post, we'll look at reactions as the two are strongly linked; more reacts, more reads and more reads, more reacts. So, reactions will be the metric we use to determine the users behaviour or response to a post! Getting Data First, we need data. We need to know how the previous posts have performed, luckily the team here have a great API for us to use! Using Python and the requests library, we can call the API and build up a JSON lines file of every post: # To get the first page on articles on Dev.to URL = " https://dev.to/api/articles " payload = { " page " : 1 } r = requests . get ( URL , params = payload ) r . raise_for_status () f . write ( r . text ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Splitting out the payload lets us iterate up the page value and get all posts up to a set page number, using this we can grab every post or aim for a rough date. Running this we can build up a dataset, but it needs some cleaning up, to get it into a more parsable format for the next library we're going to use - Pandas, alongside Numpy it's the backbone of data manipulation in Python. Using Pandas and a simple generator we can load the data into a DataFrame; # Generator for data def json_line_gen ( file_name ): for row in open ( file_name , " r " ): yield row json_response = json_line_gen ( ' ./data.json ' ) for json in json_response : df = df . append ( pd . read_json ( json ), sort = False ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Data frames are really useful, basically, it's a table with labelled rows and columns, that are highly flexible with a lot of functionality built-in. They're easily scaled and manipulated enabling a whole world of data manipulation with one library. Prepping our Data Getting the data frame set-up, we can do some initial exploration and see we need to do the same thing Pierre did; split the date and time into their own columns to make it easier to manipulate. While we're here we can also drop the columns we're not interested in, like the cover image or canonical URL; df = df . drop ( columns = unwanted_columns ) # Splitting Timestamp into hour and day of week df [ ' hour ' ] = pd . to_datetime ( df [ ' published_at ' ]). dt . hour df [ ' day_of_week ' ] = pd . to_datetime ( df [ ' published_at ' ]). dt . strftime ( ' %A ' ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When's the Best Time to Post? One of the first things we'll want to know about users is when they read posts and we can see this from when they are reacting to the posts. Part of the reason we broke it down into hours and not minutes is so we can make a generalisation, trying to estimate the time down to the minutes is too granular and won't really aid us any more than knowing the hour will. The best way to visualise this then, will be as a heatmap - we start by grouping the data we need, reaction count and timing, before pivoting the table so that its columns will be the days of the week: # Get the average reactions per post at a given timeslot reaction_df = df . groupby ([ " day_of_week " , " hour " ]) [ " positive_reactions_count " ]. mean () # Pivot the dataframe & reorganise the columns reaction_df = reaction_df . reset_index (). pivot ( ' hour ' , ' day_of_week ' , ' positive_reactions_count ' ) reaction_df = reaction_df [[ " Monday " , " Tuesday " , " Wednesday " , " Thursday " , " Friday " , " Saturday " , " Sunday " ]] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Then we use Seaborn , a data visualisation library, to generate a heatmap: plt . figure ( figsize = ( 16 , 16 )) sns . heatmap ( reaction_df , cmap = " coolwarm " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And we hit a problem, there's no clear trend, sometimes that's just the case but this one hour on Sunday seems like an outlier. That time is a lot darker than the others - let's check, we can use a boxplot as a simple way of checking, again from Seaborn: sns . boxplot ( reaction_df ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Definitely an outlier, since we're making a generalisation, let's filter out the outliers and see how it affects our visualisation. Using z score we can remove some of the outlier posts from our original data frame; z = np . abs ( stats . zscore ( reaction_df )) reaction_df = reaction_df [( z < 3 ). all ( axis = 1 )] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This filtering removes some of the top-performing posts of all time, but enables a far more general view of how most posts perform when we generate our heatmap again! So that leaves us with a clear band; around midday UTC during the week! This is similar to Pierre's findings on time, but on a tighter band, could be down to the site's presence growing and having an even broader user base or just having another year worth of data! Writing for a Specific Tag The heatmap was a very general, what if you only are interested in producing content around some specific tags, let's try out one of my favourites - Discuss; # Tag to find map for tag = ' discuss ' tag_df = tag_df . loc [ tag_df [ ' tags ' ]. str . contains ( tag , case = False , na = False )] tag_df = tag_df . groupby ([ " day_of_week " , " hour " ]) [ " positive_reactions_count " ]. mean () tag_df = tag_df . reset_index (). pivot ( ' hour ' , ' day_of_week ' , ' positive_reactions_count ' ) tag_df = tag_df [[ " Monday " , " Tuesday " , " Wednesday " , " Thursday " , " Friday " , " Saturday " , " Sunday " ]] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Less clear, the problem is we're cutting out so much of our dataset, that we'll just start missing data that will begin skewing results. That said some of the most popular tags might have enough data to look into. Engagement and Comments The discuss tag made me try something else, can we check for the link between how many people read and react to a post and how many people comment on it? This would be especially relevant for tags like discuss but generally if you want readers to interact with your post beyond just a react. We can use a regression plot to compare the reactions with comments and see if there's a correlation: sns.regplot(comment_df["comments_count"], comment_df["positive_reactions_count"]) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That's showing a moderate correlation, now that doesn't imply causation, but it's worth investing and trying out to investigate the link in the future. If we replace the reaction count in our previous heatmaps, with the comment count column and generate a new heatmap: comment_df = comment_df.groupby(["day_of_week", "hour"]) ["comments_count"].mean() comment_df = comment_df.reset_index().pivot('hour', 'day_of_week', 'comments_count') comment_df = comment_df[["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]] plt.figure(figsize=(16, 16)) sns.heatmap(comment_df , cmap="coolwarm") Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can see there are two big clusters we can test in the future: Very early mornings UTC on Saturday and Sunday And early evening 5/6 PM UTC Tuesday - Sunday Using these trends could lead to a more engagement on your posts through comments and discussion, worth a shot to see if there is causation or if you want to engage more with your users. What topics should we write about? Let's jump back to tags then, what if someone wants to go full SEO? What're the most popular topics and does this tell us anything about the community? To start we need to split the tag list column out into individual items, in Pandas, this used to be a massive pain but now its just a method call: popular_df = popular_df . explode ( ' tag_list ' ) # Fill in any gaps popular_df [ " tag_list " ] = popular_df [ " tag_list " ]. fillna ( ' None ' ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode From there, we could sum by occurrences, but turns out this has already been done for us ! Some big ones you'd expect, Javascript etc, so definitely what users like to post about, but is this what the community wants? are these the most interacting with? If we first get the average reactions for comparison: popular_df [ ' positive_reactions_count ' ]. mean () Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can then use our dataset, with outliers removed, to generate a list of the top tags with the highest average reaction count: popular_sum_df = popular_df . groupby ([ ' tag_list ' ])[ " positive_reactions_count " ]. mean () # Get top 50 average posts popular_sum_df . sort_values ( ascending = False ). head ( 50 ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode After giving some of the tags a check most are still fairly skewed by a couple highly reacted posts, compared to the average but some of the top tags aren't one-offs. They are tags that consistently performing well with good interaction, some at a quick look are; Career Beginners Hooks SQL Learned (The full list of tags is available in the repo, take a look at them there) Some I expected (Careers), some I didn't (SQL) but it allows us to look at what content our users are really interested in and what's not. This means will can filter content that would work best on this site, playing off trends or topics that people care about here. Summary Understanding your audience through data is only part of the puzzle, just posting at these times won't just instantly increase your read count. You still need to focus on understanding the end reader and producing high-quality content first! There's scope to take this further; what length or type of content performs best, is there any sentiment or structural aspects of a post that engages better and what topics are trending at a given time. To do any of this, we'd need to build a richer dataset, the API looks like it could be manipulated to do that but that's content for another post. If you want to try and start building something bigger, do this yourself or look at how quickly something like this can be done in python, the Jupyter notebook and scripts are available here; Nevin243 / data-driven-posting For working out the best times to post on Dev.to Now go spend some time trying to understand your reader, happy posting! Top comments (16) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Helen Anderson Helen Anderson Helen Anderson Follow UX & Product Design Strategist | Bridging Data, Insight & Human-Centred Design | MUXD Candidate 2026 Location Wellington, New Zealand Pronouns she/her Joined Jun 19, 2017 • Apr 4 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great post, I'm the SQL mod so really pleased to see the tag has lots of engagement. I've found if I post at midnight New Zealand Time / midday UTC I get plenty of reactions straight away as it's first thing in the morning in the New York timezone. Absolutely no data behind that, just my 'gutfeel', but it's influenced when I post. Ben Halpern • Mar 24 '19 Wow, I’m definitely going to read this when I get a chance. Skimmed it. Initial thoughts are that it’s definitely affected by when we are awake and working because of how we schedule for Twitter etc. But we’re always evolving and modifying the process so this could change. I can’t wait to read through this. Like comment: Like comment: 8 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Follow Software Engineer and jack-of-all-trades, mostly working with machine learning and AWS. Interested in the trends in tech and working out how we can use them! Location Belfast, NI Work Software Engineer Joined Jul 11, 2017 • Apr 5 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks and about the tag, I'm still a little shocked if I'm honest! Totally get that, most of my posts are around midday UTC (tried mixing this one up just to see), picked in the same way as you, just on gutfeel that aiming for the US would be best, nice to see the heatmaps slightly justified it now! Love to see some stats but I'm assuming most of the community is US-based? Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Helen Anderson Helen Anderson Helen Anderson Follow UX & Product Design Strategist | Bridging Data, Insight & Human-Centred Design | MUXD Candidate 2026 Location Wellington, New Zealand Pronouns she/her Joined Jun 19, 2017 • Apr 5 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Shocked about SQL? Hope that's in a good way :) AFAIK the founders are all still based in the New York timezone. The team has expanded to all parts of the world and are 100% remote. As far as users go, the data is only as good at what folks are entering in the free text box in their profile settings. Which can be anything they like, and also can be nothing at all. There was a bit of research done 18 months ago that shows this in action: 🌍 Where Are DEV Users Coming From? Boris Jamot ✊ / ・ Nov 30 '18 ・ 3 min read #meta #statistics #mongo #json I found it interesting that when the Big Thread Badge was launched it took seven weeks for a winner to be named from North America. Another one of those gutfeel things with nothing to actually back it up but interesting nonetheless. Ben named it the Big Thread Olympics in several of his posts. Welcome to the Big Thread Club, Simon Holdorf. You are the latest winner of the Big Thread Badge. 🎉 Ben Halpern ・ Oct 14 '19 ・ 1 min read #meta #bigthreadbadge 1 - Australia 2 - Nigeria 3 - Romania 4 - New Zealand (that would be me :D) 5 - Rwanda 6 - Germany 7 - USA 8 - Netherlands 9 - Iran 10 - Canada 11 - USA 12 - Germany 13 - India 14 - Germany 15 - USA 16 - Turkey 17 - Germany Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Follow Software Engineer and jack-of-all-trades, mostly working with machine learning and AWS. Interested in the trends in tech and working out how we can use them! Location Belfast, NI Work Software Engineer Joined Jul 11, 2017 • Apr 5 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah! ... Sure :D Thanks for the link, pretty interesting, suggesting the biggest portion are US-based kinda backs up what you were saying! The Big Thread is interesting, might check if, like you - really cool btw, winners were posting for UTC Midday / EST Morning US? Wouldn't be hard, but might explain why took so long for a US winner if they're proportionally bigger! Kinda hard to verify, wonder how we could prove it out? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Helen Anderson Helen Anderson Helen Anderson Follow UX & Product Design Strategist | Bridging Data, Insight & Human-Centred Design | MUXD Candidate 2026 Location Wellington, New Zealand Pronouns she/her Joined Jun 19, 2017 • Apr 6 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide To really prove this out I would want to get my hands on the Dev Google Analytics/Big Query data. It's so much more reliable than people entering whatever they fancy into a free text field. To add some more complexity to this there is a feature which recommends more active users as 'Devs to follow' when new users sign up. So potentially the Devs who bubble up to the top of the list will have more followers who could interact with their posts. Changelog: Suggested follows on onboarding! Ben Halpern ・ Mar 27 '18 ・ 2 min read #changelog #meta Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Follow Software Engineer and jack-of-all-trades, mostly working with machine learning and AWS. Interested in the trends in tech and working out how we can use them! Location Belfast, NI Work Software Engineer Joined Jul 11, 2017 • Apr 6 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very true, be interesting to find out, that said I've limited exposure to using it, bar short access to my company's GA, I've never really got to take a look at a properly data-rich page! Ohh I've definitely seen the suggested follow in effect, biggest follower gain I've seen probably came from this, but noticed some users commenting on a lot of their followers are very inactive... longer term I think it would lead to an increase but probably less than that from some of the other factors we mentioned? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Helen Anderson Helen Anderson Helen Anderson Follow UX & Product Design Strategist | Bridging Data, Insight & Human-Centred Design | MUXD Candidate 2026 Location Wellington, New Zealand Pronouns she/her Joined Jun 19, 2017 • Apr 7 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide There was a discussion in another post about those inactive accounts being potential spam/bot accounts. However, what I've found (more 'gutfeel' stuff) is that the 90:9:1 rule rings true. 90% will lurk and just view, 9% will comment or add reactions some of the time, 1% are active in the comments and posts. I was a lurker with no info in my profile for well over a year before posting anything. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Follow Software Engineer and jack-of-all-trades, mostly working with machine learning and AWS. Interested in the trends in tech and working out how we can use them! Location Belfast, NI Work Software Engineer Joined Jul 11, 2017 • Apr 7 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Very good point - pretty sure I did the same, lurked then moved up to comments/reacts, then posts, be interesting to know what the average conversation rate/time is..? Could try: User endpoint -> capture dataset Use articles data set + Users -> associate posts w/ user Use 'date_joined' compared to article post dates to work out the conversion Bonus points: Get comments for each post too -> compare too Probably deserving of an IP ban at some point through the user capture though I imagine! :D Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Follow Software Engineer and jack-of-all-trades, mostly working with machine learning and AWS. Interested in the trends in tech and working out how we can use them! Location Belfast, NI Work Software Engineer Joined Jul 11, 2017 • Apr 5 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! Location isn't something I've looked into yet but Helen shared this in the comments, hopefully, answer any location-based questions for you! 🌍 Where Are DEV Users Coming From? Boris Jamot ✊ / ・ Nov 30 '18 ・ 3 min read #meta #statistics #mongo #json Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thomas Leon Highbaugh Thomas Leon Highbaugh Thomas Leon Highbaugh Follow Software Development, Linux Administrator & AI/ML Engineer Location San Francisco, California Education Idiosyncratic Autodidact Pronouns he/him/his Work would love some Joined Sep 14, 2018 • Apr 4 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Answer to the title: after going on Devrant and letting off steam Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Follow Software Engineer and jack-of-all-trades, mostly working with machine learning and AWS. Interested in the trends in tech and working out how we can use them! Location Belfast, NI Work Software Engineer Joined Jul 11, 2017 • Apr 5 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Sometimes you just gotta ;D Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Emma Goto 🍙 Emma Goto 🍙 Emma Goto 🍙 Follow Front-end developer. Location Tokyo, Japan 🗼 Work Front-end developer Joined May 21, 2019 • Apr 4 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice post! I've been publishing my posts when I wake up on Friday (which is around 7 or 8pm UTC on a Thursday). Maybe I'll experiment with publishing right before I go to bed instead. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Follow Software Engineer and jack-of-all-trades, mostly working with machine learning and AWS. Interested in the trends in tech and working out how we can use them! Location Belfast, NI Work Software Engineer Joined Jul 11, 2017 • Apr 5 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! It's probably worth experimenting, never know if it's going or work or not til you try! I was nearly automatically posting at 12UTC on Monday every day but this has made me mix it up more Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand rhymes rhymes rhymes Follow Such software as dreams are made on. I mostly rant about performance, unnecessary complexity, privacy and data collection. Joined Feb 2, 2017 • Apr 5 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is absolutely fantastic, thanks for doing this analysis. Also, Python for data science FTW 😂 (cc. @ben ) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Marc Nevin Follow Software Engineer and jack-of-all-trades, mostly working with machine learning and AWS. Interested in the trends in tech and working out how we can use them! Location Belfast, NI Work Software Engineer Joined Jul 11, 2017 • Apr 5 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! And yesss Python is my goto, but R is pretty good too! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand PotentialStyx PotentialStyx PotentialStyx Follow Location /dev/null Joined Dec 16, 2020 • Dec 17 '20 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Cool data, I might have to start drafting posts and keeping them until the best day/time Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (16 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Marc Nevin Follow Software Engineer and jack-of-all-trades, mostly working with machine learning and AWS. Interested in the trends in tech and working out how we can use them! Location Belfast, NI Work Software Engineer Joined Jul 11, 2017 More from Marc Nevin Wisdom of the Crowds, Using Twitter API v2 # python # postman # showdev Facial Analysis with Python and Amazon Rekognition # aws # python # cv # beginners What Makes A Great Tutorial? # discuss # tutorial # writing # beginners 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . 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https://stripe.com/es/privacy | Chatea con ventas Stripe Política de privacidad Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Política de privacidad Política de utilización de cookies Marco de privacidad de los datos Lista de proveedores de servicios Acuerdo sobre procesamiento de datos Supplier Data Processing Agreement Centro de privacidad de Stripe Política de privacidad Para su comodidad, hemos preparado una traducción de esta página. Esta traducción tiene fines informativos solamente y la versión final de la página está en inglés. Última actualización: 16 de enero de 2025 Esta Política de privacidad incluye información importante sobre tus datos personales, por lo que te recomendamos que la leas detenidamente. Le damos la bienvenida Proporcionamos una infraestructura financiera para Internet. Las personas físicas y empresas de todos los tamaños utilizan nuestra tecnología y nuestros servicios para facilitar las compras, aceptar pagos, aceptar transferencias y dirigir negocios en línea. En esta Política de privacidad («Política»), se describen los Datos personales que recogemos y cómo los usamos y compartimos, además de los detalles sobre cómo contactarnos para hacer consultas relacionadas con la privacidad. La Política también expone sus derechos y opciones como interesado, incluido el derecho a oponerse a determinados usos de sus Datos personales. Según la actividad, Stripe asume la función de un «controlador de datos» o «responsable del tratamiento de datos» («proveedor de servicios»). Para obtener más detalles sobre nuestras prácticas de privacidad, incluida nuestra función, la entidad específica de Stripe responsable en virtud de esta Política y nuestras bases legales para procesar sus Datos personales, visite nuestro Centro de privacidad . Términos definidos En esta Política, «Stripe», «nosotros», «nuestro» o «nos» se refiere a la entidad de Stripe responsable de la recogida, el uso y el manejo de los Datos personales como se describen en el presente documento. En función de su jurisdicción, puede variar la entidad específica de Stripe responsable de sus Datos personales. Más información . «Datos personales» se refiere a cualquier dato asociado a una persona identificada o identificable, entre los que se pueden incluir datos que nos proporcione usted y que recojamos sobre usted cuando interactúe con nuestros Servicios (como información de sus dispositivos, dirección IP, etc.). «Servicios» se refiere a los productos, servicios, dispositivos y aplicaciones que ofrecemos en virtud del Contrato de servicios de Stripe («Servicios empresariales») o de las Condiciones de servicio para el consumidor de Stripe («Servicios para el usuario final»); sitios web («Sitios») como Stripe.com y Link.com; y demás aplicaciones y servicios en línea de Stripe. Ofrecemos Servicios empresariales a entidades («Usuarios empresariales»). Ofrecemos Servicios para el usuario final directamente a las personas para su uso personal. Los «Socios financieros» son entidades financieras, bancos y otros socios, como adquirentes de métodos de pago, proveedores de transferencias y redes de tarjetas con los que nos asociamos para prestar los Servicios. En función del contexto, «usted» puede ser un Cliente final, Usuario final, Representante o Visitante: Usuario final . Cuando usted utiliza un Servicio para el usuario final, como guardar un método de pago en Link, para uso personal nos referimos a usted como «Usuario final». Cliente final . Cuando usted no opera directamente con Stripe, pero recibimos sus Datos personales para ofrecer Servicios a un Usuario empresarial, incluso cuando usted hace una compra de un Usuario empresarial en una página de Stripe Checkout o recibe pagos de un Usuario empresarial, nos referimos a usted como «Cliente final». Representante . Cuando usted actúa en nombre de un Usuario empresarial existente o potencial (quizás como el fundador de una empresa, un administrador de cuentas para un Usuario empresarial o un destinatario de una tarjeta de crédito para empleados de un Usuario empresarial a través de Stripe Issuing), nos referimos a usted como «Representante». Visitante . Cuando usted interactúa con Stripe visitando un Sitio sin iniciar sesión en una cuenta de Stripe o cuando su interacción con Stripe no le convierte en un Usuario final, Cliente final o Representante, nos referimos a usted como «Visitante». Por ejemplo, usted es un Visitante cuando envía un mensaje a Stripe en el que solicita más información sobre nuestros Servicios. En esta Política, los «Datos de transacción» se refieren a los datos que Stripe recoge y utiliza para facilitar las transacciones que usted solicita. Algunos Datos de transacción son Datos personales y pueden incluir los siguientes: su nombre, dirección de correo electrónico, número de contacto, dirección de facturación y de envío, información del método de pago (como el número de la tarjeta de crédito o de débito, datos de la cuenta bancaria o imagen de la tarjeta de pago que usted haya elegido), datos del comerciante y de la ubicación, importe y fecha de la compra y, en algunos casos, información sobre lo que se ha comprado. 1. Datos personales que recabamos sobre usted y cómo los usamos y compartimos 2. Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales 3. Bases legales para procesar datos personales 4. Sus derechos y opciones 5. Seguridad y retención 6. Transferencias de datos internacionales 7. Actualizaciones y notificaciones 8. Disposiciones específicas de una jurisdicción 9. Contáctenos 10. Aviso de privacidad para el consumidor de EE. UU. 1. Datos personales que recabamos sobre usted y cómo los usamos y compartimos El modo en que recogemos y utilizamos los Datos personales varía en función de si usted es un Usuario final, Cliente final, Representante o Visitante y del Servicio concreto que utilice. Por ejemplo, si usted es un empresario individual que quiere utilizar nuestros Servicios empresariales, podemos recoger sus Datos personales para invitar a su empresa a hacer el onboarding; por otro lado, usted podría ser también un Cliente final si ha comprado productos de otro Usuario empresarial que utilice nuestros Servicios para el procesamiento de pagos. Usted también podría ser un Usuario final si para esas transacciones, utilizase nuestros Servicios para el usuario final, como por ejemplo Link. 1.1 Usuarios finales Prestamos Servicios para el usuario final cuando le proporcionamos los Servicios directamente a usted para su uso personal (por ejemplo, Link). En nuestro Centro de privacidad encontrará más información sobre la recolección, el uso y el intercambio de datos personales de los Usuarios finales, incluidas las bases jurídicas en las que nos basamos para procesar dichos datos. a. Datos personales que recabamos sobre los Usuarios finales Utilizar Link o conectar la cuenta bancaria . Stripe ofrece un servicio denominado «Link», que le permite crear una cuenta y almacenar información para las interacciones futuras con los Servicios de Stripe y los Usuarios empresariales. Usted puede guardar diferentes tipos de Datos personales usando Link. Por ejemplo, puede guardar su nombre, información de métodos de pago, información de contacto y dirección y usar esa información almacenada para pagar transacciones con nuestros Usuarios empresariales. Cuando elija pagar con Link, también recogeremos Datos de transacción asociados a sus transacciones. Obtenga más información . También puede compartir y guardar datos de cuentas bancarias en su cuenta de Link con el producto Financial Connections de Stripe. Cuando use Financial Connections, Stripe recogerá y procesará de forma periódica la información de su cuenta (como la información del titular de la cuenta bancaria, los saldos, el número, los detalles y las transacciones de la cuenta y, en algunos casos, las credenciales de inicio de sesión). Puede solicitarnos que dejemos de recoger dichos datos en cualquier momento. Obtenga más información . Por último, puede usar Link para almacenar sus documentos de identidad (como su permiso de conducir) para que pueda compartirlos en interacciones futuras con Stripe o sus Usuarios empresariales. Pagar Stripe . Cuando usted compra bienes o servicios directamente de Stripe, recibimos sus Datos de transacción. Por ejemplo, cuando usted realiza un pago a Stripe Climate, recogemos información sobre la transacción, además de sus datos de contacto y de métodos de pago. Servicios de identidad/verificación . Ofrecemos un servicio de verificación de identidad que automatiza la comparación de su documento de identidad (como el permiso de conducir) con su imagen (como una selfie). Puede otorgarnos su consentimiento por separado para que utilicemos sus datos biométricos con el fin de mejorar nuestra tecnología de verificación, con la opción de revocar su consentimiento en cualquier momento. Obtenga más información . Para obtener más información sobre los otros tipos de Datos personales que podemos recabar de los Usuarios finales, incluida su actividad en línea y su interacción con nuestros Servicios para el usuario final, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales . b. ¿Cómo usamos y compartimos los Datos personales de Usuarios finales? Servicios . Utilizamos y compartimos sus Datos personales para proporcionarle los Servicios para el usuario final, entre los que se incluyen el soporte, la personalización (como preferencias de idioma y elecciones de ajustes) y la comunicación sobre nuestros Servicios para el usuario final (como comunicar las actualizaciones de la Política e información sobre nuestros Servicios). Por ejemplo, Stripe puede utilizar cookies y tecnologías similares o los datos que usted proporciona a nuestros Usuarios empresariales (como cuando usted introduce su dirección de correo electrónico en el sitio web de un Usuario empresarial) para reconocerle y ayudarle a utilizar Link cuando visite el sitio web de nuestro Usuario empresarial. Obtenga más información sobre cómo utilizamos las cookies y tecnologías similares en la Política de utilización de cookies de Stripe. Nuestros Usuarios empresariales . Cuando utiliza Link para realizar pagos con nuestros Usuarios empresariales, compartimos con estos sus Datos personales, incluido el nombre, los datos de contacto, los datos de los métodos de pago y los Datos de transacción. Obtenga más información . Usted también puede pedir a Stripe que comparta la información almacenada de su cuenta bancaria y sus documentos de identidad con Usuarios empresariales con los que haga negocios. Una vez que compartimos sus Datos personales con los Usuarios empresariales, podemos procesar esos datos como Responsable del tratamiento de datos para esos Usuarios empresariales, como se detalla en la sección 1.2 de la presente Política. Debe consultar las políticas de privacidad de los Usuarios empresariales con los que hace negocios para obtener información sobre cómo utilizan la información que se comparte con ellos. Detección del fraude y prevención de pérdidas . Utilizamos sus Datos personales recogidos en todos nuestros Servicios para detectar el fraude y prevenir las pérdidas financieras que podamos sufrir usted, nosotros y nuestros Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros, también para detectar compras no autorizadas. A los Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros, incluidos aquellos que utilizan nuestros Servicios empresariales relacionados con la prevención de fraude (como Stripe Radar), podemos proporcionarles Datos personales sobre usted (incluidos sus intentos de transacciones) para que puedan evaluar el fraude o el riesgo de pérdida asociados a la transacción. Obtenga más información sobre cómo podemos usar la tecnología con el fin de evaluar el riesgo de fraude asociado a un intento de transacción y sobre qué datos compartimos con los Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros aquí y aquí . Publicidad . Cuando la legislación aplicable lo permita, podemos utilizar sus Datos personales, incluidos los Datos de transacciones, para evaluar si cumple los requisitos y ofrecerle otros Servicios para el usuario final o promocionar los Servicios para el usuario final existentes, incluido el marketing conjunto con socios como los Usuarios empresariales de Stripe. Obtenga más información . De conformidad con la legislación aplicable, incluidos los requisitos de consentimiento, usamos y compartimos Datos personales de Usuarios finales con terceros para poder promocionar nuestros Servicios para el usuario final, incluso a través de publicidad basada en intereses, y para hacer un seguimiento de la eficacia de esos anuncios. No transferimos sus Datos personales a terceros a cambio del pago, pero podemos proporcionar sus datos a socios externos, como socios publicitarios, proveedores de análisis y redes sociales, que nos ayudan a anunciarle nuestros Servicios. Obtenga más información . Más información . Para obtener más información sobre los modos en que podemos utilizar y compartir los Datos personales de los Usuarios finales, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales . 1.2 Clientes finales Stripe ofrece varios Servicios empresariales a nuestros Usuarios empresariales, que incluyen el procesamiento de pagos en persona o por Internet, o de transferencias para esos Usuarios empresariales. Cuando actuamos como proveedores de servicios (también denominados Responsables del tratamiento de datos) de un Usuario empresarial, procesamos los Datos personales del Cliente final conforme a nuestro acuerdo con el Usuario empresarial y las disposiciones legales del Usuario empresarial. Esto ocurre, por ejemplo, cuando procesamos un pago para un Usuario empresarial porque usted les compró un producto, o en caso de que el Usuario empresarial nos solicite que le enviemos fondos a usted. Los Usuarios empresariales son responsables de garantizar que se respetan los derechos de privacidad de sus Clientes finales, incluyendo la obtención de los consentimientos adecuados y la realización de declaraciones sobre su propia recogida y uso de datos asociados con sus productos y servicios. Si usted es un Cliente final, consulte la política de privacidad del Usuario empresarial con el que esté haciendo negocios para obtener información sobre sus prácticas, elecciones y controles de privacidad. Ofrecemos información más completa sobre nuestra recolección, uso e intercambio de Datos personales de los Clientes finales en nuestro Centro de privacidad , incluidas las bases legales en las que nos basamos para procesar sus Datos personales. a. Datos personales que recabamos sobre los Clientes finales Datos de transacción . Si usted es un Cliente final que realiza pagos, recibe reembolsos o pagos, inicia una compra o donación o realiza transacciones de cualquier otro tipo con nuestro Usuario empresarial, ya sea en persona o en línea, recibimos sus Datos de transacción. También podemos recibir su historial de transacciones con el Usuario empresarial. Obtenga más información . Asimismo, podemos recoger la información introducida en un formulario del proceso de compra incluso si opta por no completar el formulario o la transacción con el Usuario empresarial. Obtenga más información . Un Usuario empresarial que utilice el Servicio de Stripe Terminal para ofrecer sus productos o servicios a los Clientes finales puede utilizar el Servicio de Terminal para recoger los Datos personales de los Clientes finales (como su nombre, correo electrónico, número de teléfono, dirección, firma o edad), conforme a su propia política de privacidad. Información de identidad/verificación . Stripe proporciona un Servicio de verificación y prevención de fraude que pueden utilizar nuestros Usuarios empresariales para verificar los Datos personales sobre usted, como su autorización para usar un método de pago concreto. Durante el proceso, se le solicitará que comparta con nosotros determinados Datos personales (como su documento de identificación gubernamental y una selfie para la verificación biométrica, los Datos personales que introduzca o Datos personales que se deduzcan del método de pago físico, como una imagen de la tarjeta de crédito). Para protegerse contra el fraude y determinar si alguien está intentando hacerse pasar por usted, podemos contrastar estos datos con información sobre usted que hayamos recogido de Usuarios empresariales, Socios financieros, afiliados comerciales, servicios de verificación de identidad, fuentes disponibles públicamente y otros proveedores de servicios y fuentes de terceros. Obtenga más información . Más información . Para obtener más información sobre los otros tipos de Datos personales que podemos recabar de los Clientes finales, incluida su actividad en línea, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales . b. ¿Cómo usamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Clientes finales? Para proporcionar nuestros Servicios empresariales a nuestros Usuarios empresariales, utilizamos y compartimos con ellos los Datos personales de los Clientes finales. Cuando está permitido, también utilizamos los Datos personales de los Clientes finales para los propios fines de Stripe, como reforzar la seguridad, mejorar y proporcionar nuestros Servicios empresariales y prevenir el fraude, la pérdida y otros daños descritos más adelante. Procesamiento de pagos y contabilidad . Utilizamos sus Datos de transacción para proporcionar Servicios empresariales relacionados con el pago a Usuarios empresariales, incluidos el procesamiento de transacciones de pago en línea, el cálculo del impuesto sobre las ventas y la gestión de facturas, recibos y disputas, para ayudarles a determinar sus ingresos, cobrar sus facturas y ejecutar tareas de contabilidad. Obtenga más información . También utilizamos sus Datos personales para proporcionar y mejorar nuestros Servicios empresariales. Durante las transacciones de pagos, sus Datos personales se comparten con varias entidades relacionadas con su transacción. Como proveedor de servicios o responsable del tratamiento de datos, compartimos Datos personales para permitir las transacciones, tal y como lo soliciten los Usuarios empresariales. Por ejemplo, cuando elige un método de pago para su transacción, podemos compartir sus Datos de transacción con su banco u otro proveedor de métodos de pago, incluso en el alcance necesario para autenticarle, procesar su transacción, prevenir el fraude y gestionar las disputas. El Usuario empresarial que elija para hacer negocios también recibirá Datos de transacción y podrá compartirlos con terceros. Revise las políticas de privacidad de sus comerciantes, banco y proveedor de métodos de pago para obtener más información sobre cómo utilizan y comparten sus Datos personales. Servicios financieros . Determinados Usuarios empresariales utilizan nuestros Servicios para ofrecerle servicios financieros a través de Stripe o de nuestros Socios financieros. Por ejemplo, un Usuario empresarial puede emitir un producto de tarjeta con el que usted pueda comprar bienes y servicios. Esas tarjetas podrían llevar la marca de Stripe, del socio bancario o del Usuario empresarial. Además de los Datos de transacción que podamos generar o recibir cuando se utilicen estas tarjetas para comprar, también recogemos y utilizamos sus Datos personales para proporcionar y gestionar estos productos, incluida la asistencia a nuestros Usuarios empresariales para evitar un uso indebido de las tarjetas. Para obtener más información, revise las políticas de privacidad del Usuario empresarial y, si corresponde, de nuestros socios bancarios asociados al servicio financiero (cuyas marcas pueden aparecen en la tarjeta). Servicios de identidad/verificación . Utilizamos Datos personales sobre su identidad para llevar a cabo servicios de verificación para Stripe o para los Usuarios empresariales con los que realiza transacciones, con el fin de prevenir el fraude y mejorar la seguridad. A tal fin, podemos usar los Datos personales que nos suministre directamente o los Datos personales que obtengamos de nuestros proveedores de servicios, incluso para la verificación telefónica. Obtenga más información . Si proporciona una selfie junto con una imagen de su documento de identidad, podemos emplear soluciones tecnológicas para comparar y calcular si coinciden y verificar su identidad. Obtenga más información . Detección del fraude y prevención de pérdidas . Utilizamos sus Datos personales recopilados en todos nuestros Servicios para detectar y prevenir las pérdidas que podamos sufrir usted, nosotros y nuestros Usuarios empresariales y socios financieros. A los Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros, incluidos aquellos que utilizan nuestros Servicios empresariales relacionados con la prevención de fraude, podemos proporcionarles sus Datos personales (incluyendo sus intentos de transacciones) para ayudarles a evaluar el fraude o el riesgo de pérdida asociados a una transacción. Obtenga más información sobre cómo podemos usar la tecnología con el fin de evaluar el riesgo de fraude asociado a un intento de transacción y sobre qué datos compartimos con los Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros aquí y aquí . Nuestros Usuarios empresariales (y sus terceros autorizados) . Compartimos Datos personales de los Clientes finales con sus respectivos Usuarios empresariales y terceros directamente autorizados por esos Usuarios empresariales para recibir dichos datos. A continuación se muestran ejemplos comunes de intercambio de datos: Cuando un Usuario empresarial pide a Stripe que proporcione otro Usuario empresarial con acceso a su cuenta de Stripe, incluyendo datos relacionados con sus Clientes finales, a través de Stripe Connect. Compartir datos que usted nos ha proporcionado con un Usuario empresarial para que podamos enviarle pagos en nombre del Usuario empresarial. Compartir datos, documentos o imágenes proporcionados por un Cliente final con un Usuario empresarial cuando este último utiliza Stripe Identity, nuestro Servicio de verificación de la identidad, con el fin de verificar la identidad del Cliente final. Los Usuarios empresariales con los que usted decida hacer negocios también pueden compartir sus Datos personales con terceros (como proveedores de servicios de otros terceros distintos de Stripe). Revise la política de privacidad del Usuario empresarial para obtener más información. Publicidad por parte de los Usuarios empresariales . Si usted inicia un proceso de compra con un Usuario empresarial, este último recibe sus Datos personales de parte de nosotros en relación con nuestra provisión de Servicios incluso aunque no termine su compra. El Usuario empresarial puede utilizar sus Datos personales para comercializar sus productos o servicios, con arreglo a las condiciones de su política de privacidad. Revise la política de privacidad del Usuario empresarial para obtener más información, incluyendo sus derechos para interrumpir el uso de sus Datos personales con fines de marketing. Más información . Para obtener más información sobre otros modos en los que utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Clientes finales, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales . 1.3 Representantes Recogemos, utilizamos y compartimos Datos personales de los Representantes de los Usuarios empresariales (por ejemplo, los propietarios de empresas) para proporcionar nuestros Servicios empresariales. Para obtener más información acerca del modo en el que recogemos, utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes, además de las bases legales en las que nos basamos para procesar esos Datos personales, visite nuestro Centro de privacidad . a. Datos personales que recogemos sobre los Representantes Datos de registro y de contacto . Cuando usted se registra para crear una cuenta de Stripe para un Usuario empresarial (incluyendo la constitución de una sociedad), recogemos su nombre y credenciales de inicio de sesión. Si se registra o asiste a un evento organizado por Stripe o se crea una cuenta para recibir comunicaciones de Stripe, recogemos sus datos de registro y de perfil. Como Representante, podemos recoger sus Datos personales de terceros (incluidos proveedores de datos) para anunciar, comercializar y comunicarnos con usted como se describe más adelante en la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales . También podemos vincular una ubicación con usted para adaptar los Servicios o la información a sus necesidades de forma eficaz. Obtenga más información . Información de identificación . Como actual o posible Usuario empresarial, propietario de un Usuario empresarial, accionista, agente o director de un Usuario empresarial, necesitamos sus datos de contacto, como el nombre, la dirección postal, el número de teléfono y la dirección de correo electrónico para cumplir con los requisitos normativos y de nuestro Socio financiero, verificar su identidad y prevenir actividades fraudulentas y perjudiciales para la plataforma de Stripe. Recogemos sus Datos personales, como el interés de propiedad en el Usuario empresarial, la fecha de nacimiento, documentos de identidad con foto expedidos por el gobierno e identificadores asociados, además de cualquier historial de fraude o uso indebido, directamente de usted y/o de fuentes disponibles públicamente, de terceros, como las oficinas de crédito y mediante los Servicios que proporcionamos. Obtenga más información . También puede optar por proporcionarnos los datos de su cuenta bancaria. Más información . Para obtener más información sobre otros tipos de Datos personales que podemos recabar de los Representantes, incluida su actividad en línea, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales . b. ¿Cómo usamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes? Por lo general, usamos los Datos personales de los Representantes para proporcionar los Servicios empresariales a los Usuarios empresariales correspondientes. Los modos en los que utilizamos y compartimos estos datos se describen más adelante. Servicios empresariales . Utilizamos y compartimos Datos personales de Representantes con Usuarios empresariales para proporcionar los Servicios solicitados por usted o el Usuario empresarial al que usted representa. En algunos casos, tendremos que enviar sus Datos personales a un ente público para proporcionar nuestros Servicios empresariales, para fines como la constitución de una empresa o el cálculo y el pago del impuesto sobre las ventas aplicable. Para nuestros Servicios empresariales relacionados con impuestos, podemos utilizar sus Datos personales para preparar documentos fiscales y declarar los impuestos en nombre del Usuario empresarial que usted representa. Para nuestros Servicios de constitución de sociedades de Atlas, podemos utilizar sus Datos personales para presentar formularios en la agencia tributaria estadounidense (IRS) en su nombre y presentar documentos ante otras autoridades gubernamentales (como los estatutos en su estado de constitución). Compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes con terceros autorizados por el Usuario empresarial correspondiente, como los Socios financieros que prestan un servicio financiero o las aplicaciones o servicios de terceros que el Usuario empresarial elige utilizar junto con nuestros Servicios empresariales. A continuación se muestran ejemplos comunes de intercambio de datos: Los proveedores de métodos de pago, como Visa o WeChat Pay, requieren información sobre los Usuarios empresariales y sus Representantes que aceptan sus métodos de pago. Estos datos se suelen solicitar durante el proceso de onboarding o para el procesamiento de transacciones y la gestión de disputas de estos Usuarios empresariales. Obtenga más información . Un Usuario empresarial puede autorizar a Stripe a compartir sus Datos personales con otros Usuarios empresariales con el fin de facilitar la prestación de Servicios a través de Stripe Connect. El uso de los Datos personales por parte de un tercero autorizado por un Usuario empresarial está sujeto a la política de privacidad del tercero. Si usted es un Usuario empresarial que ha seleccionado un nombre que incluye Datos personales (por ejemplo, el nombre de un propietario único o el apellido familiar en el nombre de una empresa), utilizaremos y compartiremos esa información para la prestación de nuestros Servicios del mismo modo que lo hacemos con cualquier nombre de empresa. Esto puede incluir, por ejemplo, mostrarlo en los recibos y en otras descripciones identificativas de las transacciones. Detección del fraude y prevención de pérdidas . Utilizamos los Datos personales de los Representantes para identificar y gestionar riesgos de que nuestros Servicios empresariales puedan utilizarse para actividades fraudulentas que provoquen pérdidas a Stripe y a los Usuarios finales, Clientes finales, Usuarios empresariales y Socios financieros, entre otros. Asimismo, utilizamos información sobre usted obtenida de fuentes disponibles públicamente, de terceros, como oficinas de crédito, y de nuestros Servicios para abordar dichos riesgos, incluida la identificación de patrones de uso indebido y el monitoreo de incumplimientos de las condiciones de servicio. Stripe puede compartir los Datos personales de Representantes con Usuarios empresariales, nuestros Socios financieros y proveedores de servicios de terceros, incluidos proveedores de verificación telefónica, obtenga más información , con el fin de verificar la información proporcionada por usted y los indicadores de riesgo de identidad. Obtenga más información . También utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes para llevar a cabo la diligencia debida, lo que comprende las revisiones contra el blanqueo de capitales y de sanciones conforme a la legislación aplicable. Publicidad . Siempre que la legislación aplicable lo permita, con los consentimientos de aceptación pertinentes, utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de Representantes con terceros, incluidos los Socios , para que podamos anunciar y comercializar nuestros Servicios e integraciones de Socios. De conformidad con la legislación aplicable, incluyendo cualquier requisito de consentimiento, podemos usar publicidad basada en intereses y hacer un seguimiento de la eficacia de esos anuncios. Consulte la Política de utilización de cookies de Stripe. No transferimos sus Datos personales a terceros a cambio de dinero. No obstante, podemos proporcionar sus datos a socios externos, como socios publicitarios, proveedores de análisis y redes sociales, que nos ayudan a anunciar nuestros Servicios. Obtenga más información . También podemos utilizar sus Datos personales, incluida la actividad de la cuenta de Stripe, para evaluar si reúne los requisitos y ofrecerle Servicios empresariales o promocionar Servicios empresariales existentes. Obtenga más información . Más información . Para obtener más información sobre otros modos en que utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Representantes, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales . 1.4 Visitantes Recogemos, utilizamos y compartimos Datos personales de Visitantes. Para obtener más detalles acerca del modo en el que recogemos, utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Visitantes, además de las bases legales en las que nos basamos para procesar esos Datos personales, visite nuestro Centro de privacidad . a. Datos personales que recogemos sobre los Visitantes Cuando usted navega por nuestros Sitios, recibimos sus Datos personales, ya sea porque usted nos los proporcione directamente o bien porque los recojamos a través de nuestro uso de las cookies y tecnologías similares. Consulte la Política de utilización de cookies para obtener más información. Si desea completar un formulario en el Sitio o en sitios web de terceros en los que se muestran nuestros anuncios (como LinkedIn o Facebook), recogemos la información que usted ha incluido en el formulario. Esto puede incluir sus datos de contacto y otros datos relativos a sus preguntas sobre nuestros Servicios. También podemos asociar una ubicación a su visita. Obtenga más información . Más información . Para obtener más detalles sobre otros tipos de Datos personales que podemos recabar de los Visitantes, incluida su actividad en línea, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales . b. ¿Cómo usamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Visitantes? Personalización . Utilizamos los Datos sobre usted que recogemos de las cookies y tecnologías similares para medir la interacción con el contenido de los Sitios, mejorar la relevancia y la navegación, personalizar su experiencia (como la preferencia de idioma y el contenido específico de una región) y organizar el contenido sobre Stripe y nuestros Servicios que está adaptado a usted. Por ejemplo, como no todos nuestros Servicios están disponibles en todo el mundo, podemos personalizar nuestras respuestas en función de su región. Publicidad . Siempre que la legislación aplicable lo permita, con los consentimientos de aceptación pertinentes, utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de Visitantes con terceros, incluidos los Socios , para que podamos anunciar y comercializar nuestros Servicios e integraciones de Socios. De conformidad con la legislación aplicable, incluyendo cualquier requisito de consentimiento, podemos usar publicidad basada en intereses y hacer un seguimiento de la eficacia de esos anuncios. Consulte la Política de utilización de cookies de Stripe. No transferimos sus Datos personales a terceros a cambio del pago, pero podemos proporcionar sus datos a socios externos, como socios publicitarios, proveedores de análisis y redes sociales, que nos ayudan a anunciar nuestros Servicios. Obtenga más información . Interacción . Cuando interactúa con nuestros Sitios, utilizamos la información que recogemos sobre y a través de sus dispositivos para generar más interacciones, como debates sobre los Servicios o interacciones con chatbots, para abordar sus preguntas. Más información . Para obtener más información sobre otros modos en que utilizamos y compartimos los Datos personales de los Visitantes, consulte más adelante la sección Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales . 2. Más modos que utilizamos para recoger, usar y compartir Datos personales Además de los modos que se describen anteriormente, también procesamos sus Datos personales de los siguientes modos: a. Recolección de Datos personales Actividad en línea . En función del Servicio utilizado y del modo en que los Usuarios empresariales implementen nuestros Servicios empresariales, podemos recoger información relacionada con: Los dispositivos y navegadores que usted utiliza en todos nuestros Sitios y en los sitios web, aplicaciones y otros servicios en línea de terceros («Sitios de terceros»). Los datos de uso asociados a esos dispositivos y navegadores y cómo interactúa usted con nuestros Servicios, incluidos elementos de datos como la dirección IP, los plugins, la preferencia de idioma, el tiempo invertido en nuestros Sitios y los Sitios de terceros, las páginas visitadas, los enlaces en los que ha hecho clic, los métodos de pago utilizados y las páginas que llevaban o hacían referencia a los Sitios y Sitios de terceros. También recogemos indicadores de actividad, como indicadores de actividad del ratón, para ayudarnos a detectar el fraude. Más información . Consulte también la Política de utilización de cookies de Stripe. Datos de comunicación e interacción . Asimismo, compartimos datos que usted decide compartir con nosotros a través de diversos canales, como las solicitudes de soporte, correos electrónicos o redes sociales. Si responde a los correos electrónicos o a las encuestas de Stripe, recogemos su dirección de correo electrónico, nombre y cualquier otra información que usted decida incluir en su correo electrónico o sus respuestas. Si interactúa con nosotros a través del móvil, recolectamos su número de teléfono y cualquier otro dato que nos proporcione durante la llamada. Es posible que se graben las llamadas con Stripe o con representantes de Stripe. Obtenga más información . Además, recogemos sus datos de interacción, como su registro, asistencia o visualización de eventos de Stripe y cualquier otra interacción con el personal de Stripe. Foros y grupos de discusión . Si nuestros Sitios permiten publicar contenido, recogemos los Datos personales que usted proporcione relacionados con la publicación. b. Uso de los Datos personales. Además del uso de los Datos personales descrito anteriormente, utilizamos Datos personales de los modos descritos a continuación: Análisis, mejora y desarrollo de nuestros Servicios . Recolectamos y procesamos Datos personales en todos nuestros Servicios, ya sea usted un Usuario final, Cliente final, Representante o Visitante, con el fin de mejorar nuestros Servicios, desarrollar Servicios nuevos y apoyar nuestros esfuerzos por lograr que nuestros Servicios sean más eficientes, pertinentes y útiles para usted. Obtenga más información . Podemos usar los Datos personales para generar información acumulada y estadística para comprender y explicar cómo se usan nuestros Servicios. Entre los ejemplos de cómo usamos los Datos personales para analizar, mejorar y desarrollar nuestros productos y servicios se incluyen los siguientes: El uso de analíticas en nuestros Sitios, incluso de la manera en que se describe en nuestra Política de utilización de cookies, para analizar el uso que usted hace de nuestros Sitios y Servicios y diagnosticar problemas técnicos. Entrenar modelos de inteligencia artificial para potenciar nuestros Servicios y protegerlos del fraude y de otros daños. Obtenga más información . El análisis y desarrollo de conclusiones a partir de los Datos de transacción para reducir costes, fraude y disputas, y aumentar las tasas de autenticación y autorización de Stripe y de nuestros Usuarios empresariales. Comunicaciones . Utilizamos los datos de contacto que tenemos sobre usted para llevar a cabo nuestros Servicios, lo que podría incluir enviar códigos por SMS para autenticar su identidad. Obtenga más información . Si usted es un Usuario final, Representante o Visitante, podemos comunicarnos con usted utilizando los datos de contacto que tenemos sobre usted para proporcionarle información sobre nuestros Servicios y los servicios de nuestros afiliados, invitarle a participar en nuestros eventos, encuestas o investigaciones sobre usuarios o para comunicarnos con usted de otro modo con fines de marketing, conforme a la ley aplicable, incluyendo cualquier consentimiento o requisitos de rechazo. Por ejemplo, cuando nos envía sus datos de contacto o cuando recabamos sus datos de contacto comercial a través de nuestra participación en ferias comerciales u otros eventos, podemos usar estos datos para hacerle un seguimiento respecto de un evento, proporcionarle información que ha solicitado sobre nuestros Servicios e incluirle en nuestras campañas de información de marketing. Cuando lo permita la legislación aplicable, podemos grabar nuestras llamadas con usted para proporcionar nuestros Servicios, cumplir con nuestras obligaciones legales y realizar investigaciones y controles de calidad, así como con fines de formación. Redes sociales y promociones . Si opta por enviar Datos personales para participar en una oferta, programa o promoción, utilizaremos los Datos personales que proporcione para gestionar la oferta, programa o promoción. Además, utilizaremos los Datos personales que nos proporciona, junto con los Datos personales que publica en las plataformas de redes sociales, con fines de marketing, a no ser que no estemos autorizados para ello. Prevención de fraude y seguridad . Recogemos y utilizamos Datos personales para ayudarnos a identificar y gestionar actividades que podrían resultar fraudulentas o perjudiciales en todos nuestros Servicios, habilitar nuestros Servicios empresariales de detección del fraude y proteger nuestros Servicios y transacciones frente al acceso, uso, alteración o apropiación indebida no autorizados de Datos personales, información y fondos. Como parte de los esfuerzos de prevención de fraude, detección, supervisión de seguridad y cumplimiento de la normativa de Stripe y sus Usuarios empresariales, recogemos datos de fuentes disponibles públicamente, de terceros (como las oficinas de crédito) y mediante los Servicios que ofrecemos. En algunos casos, también podemos recoger información sobre usted directamente de usted o de nuestros Usuarios empresariales, Socios financieros y otros terceros con los mismos fines. Además, para proteger nuestros Servicios, podemos recibir datos como las direcciones IP y otros datos de identificación sobre las posibles amenazas de seguridad de terceros. Obtenga más información . Esa información nos ayuda a verificar identidades, llevar a cabo comprobaciones de crédito siempre que se permitan a nivel legal y prevenir el fraude. Además, podemos utilizar tecnología para evaluar el posible riesgo de fraude asociado a las personas que intentan obtener nuestros Servicios empresariales o derivado de los intentos de transacciones de un Cliente final o Usuario final con nuestros Usuarios empresariales o Socios financieros. Cumplimiento de obligaciones legales . Utilizamos Datos personales para cumplir con nuestras obligaciones contractuales y legales relacionadas con la lucha contra el blanqueo de capital, las leyes de «Conozca a su cliente» (KYC), las actividades antiterroristas, la protección de clientes vulnerables, el control de las exportaciones y la prohibición de hacer negocios con personas restringidas o en determinados campos empresariales, entre otras obligaciones legales. Por ejemplo, podemos monitorear patrones de transacciones y otras señales en línea y utilizar esta información para identificar el fraude, el blanqueo de capitales y otras actividades perjudiciales que puedan afectar a Stripe y a nuestros Socios financieros, Usuarios finales y Usuarios empresariales, entre otros. Obtenga más información . La protección, la seguridad y el cumplimiento de la normativa de nuestros Servicios son prioridades clave para nosotros, y recoger y utilizar los Datos personales es fundamental en este esfuerzo. Menores de edad . Nuestros Servicios no están dirigidos a niños menores de 13 años y exigimos que no nos proporcionen Datos personales para solicitar Servicios directamente desde Stripe. En determinadas jurisdicciones, podemos imponer límites de edad superiores, según lo exija la legislación aplicable. c. Intercambio de los Datos personales. Además del intercambio de los Datos personales descrito anteriormente, compartimos Datos personales de los modos descritos a continuación: Afiliados de Stripe . Compartimos Datos personales con otras entidades afiliadas de Stripe con los fines identificados en la presente Política. Proveedores de servicios o procesadores . Para proporcionar, comunicar, comercializar, analizar y publicitar nuestros Servicios, dependemos de proveedores de servicios. Estos proveedores ofrecen servicios críticos, como proporcionar una infraestructura en la nube; realizar análisis para la evaluación de la velocidad, precisión o seguridad de nuestros Servicios; verificar las identidades, identificar actividades potencialmente dañinas y proporcionar un servicio de atención al cliente y funciones de auditoría. Autorizamos que estos proveedores usen o divulguen los Datos personales que ponemos a su disposición para prestar los servicios en nuestro nombre o cumplir con obligaciones legales relevantes. Les exigimos a esos proveedores de servicios que se comprometan mediante contrato a cumplir con las obligaciones de seguridad y confidencialidad de los Datos personales que tratan en nuestro nombre. La mayor parte de nuestros proveedores de servicios están establecidos en la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos de América e India. Obtenga más información . Socios financieros . Compartimos Datos personales con determinados Socios financieros para proporcionar Servicios a los Usuarios empresariales y para ofrecer determinados Servicios junto con estos Socios financieros. Por ejemplo, podemos compartir ciertos Datos personales, como el volumen de procesamiento de pagos, la información de devolución de préstamos y la información de contacto de los Representantes con inversores institucionales y prestamistas que adquieran préstamos por cobrar o brinden financiamiento relacionado con Stripe Capital. Obtenga más información . Terceros con consentimiento . En algunas situaciones, puede que no ofrezcamos un servicio, sino que le redirijamos a terceros (como empresas de servicios profesionales con las que colaboramos para ofrecer el Servicio de Atlas). En estos casos, divulgaremos la identidad del tercero y la información que se comparta con él y le solicitaremos a usted su consentimiento para compartir la información. Transacciones corporativas . Si realizamos o tenemos la intención de realizar una transacción que modifique la estructura de nuestra empresa, por ejemplo, reorganización, fusión, venta, empresa conjunta, cesión, transferencia, cambio de control u otra disposición de toda o parte de nuestra empresa, bienes o acciones, podremos compartir Datos personales con terceros en relación con dicha transacción. Cualquier otra entidad que adquiera nuestra empresa, total o parcialmente, tendrá derecho a seguir usando sus Datos personales, sujeto a las condiciones de esta Política. Cumplimiento de la normativa y prevención de daños . Compartimos Datos personales cuando consideramos que es necesario para cumplir con la legislación vigente; respetar las normativas impuesta por los Socios financieros en relación con el uso de su método de pago; ejercer nuestros derechos contractuales; asegurar y proteger los Servicios, derechos, privacidad, seguridad y propiedad de Stripe, de usted y de otros, incluyendo frente a otras actividades maliciosas o fraudulentas; y responder a solicitudes de procesos jurídicos válidos de tribunales, organismos encargados de hacer cumplir las leyes, entidades reglamentarias y otras autoridades públicas y gubernamentales, que pueden incluir autoridades fuera del país de residencia. 3. Bases legales parar procesar Datos personales A efectos del Reglamento General de Protección de Datos (RGPD) y otras leyes aplicables de protección de datos, dependemos de una serie de bases legales para procesar sus Datos personales. Más información . Para algunas jurisdicciones, podría haber otras bases legales, que se describen más adelante en la sección Disposiciones relacionadas con la jurisdicción . a. Relaciones comerciales contractuales y precontractuales . Procesamos Datos personales para entablar relaciones de carácter empresarial con potenciales Usuarios empresariales y Usuarios finales y cumplir con las respectivas obligaciones contractuales con ellos. Entre estas actividades de procesamiento se incluyen: creación y gestión de cuentas de Stripe y de credenciales de cuentas de Stripe, incluida la evaluación de aplicaciones para poner en marcha o ampliar el uso de nuestros Servicios; creación y gestión de cuentas de Stripe Checkout; actividades de contabilidad, auditoría y facturación; y procesamiento de pagos y actividades relacionadas, que incluyen la detección del fraude, prevención de pérdidas, optimización de transacciones, comunicaciones relacionadas con dichos pagos y actividades relacionadas con el servicio de atención al cliente. b. Cumplimiento de la normativa . Procesamos Datos personales para verificar las identidades de las personas y entidades con la finalidad de cumplir nuestras obligaciones en lo relativo al monitoreo, prevención y detección del fraude, las leyes asociadas a la identificación y la notificación de actividades ilegales e ilícitas, como las normativas contra el blanqueo de capitales («AML») y de Conocimiento del cliente («KYC»), así como las obligaciones de presentación de informes financieros. Por ejemplo, es posible que estemos obligados a registrar y verificar la identidad de un Usuario empresarial para cumplir con los reglamentos diseñados para impedir el blanqueo de dinero, el fraude y otros delitos de carácter económico. Estas obligaciones legales pueden exigirnos que informemos sobre nuestro cumplimiento de la normativa a terceros y que nos sometamos a auditorías de verificación a terceros. c. Intereses legítimos . Cuando lo permita la legislación aplicable, nos basamos en nuestros intereses empresariales legítimos para procesar sus Datos personales. La siguiente lista proporciona un ejemplo de los fines empresariales para los que tenemos un interés legítimo en el procesamiento de sus datos: detección, monitorización y prevención del fraude y de las transacciones de pago no | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://www.atia.org/home/at-resources/what-is-at/ | What is AT? - Assistive Technology Industry Association Skip to content Get Our Emails Home Learning Center Learning Center Catalog Register for the Accessible Cooking Webinar AT Demo Days Course Registration and Pricing Learning Center Subscriptions Learning Center CEUs ASHA CEUs for SLPs CEUs for Certified Rehabilitation Counselors Conference Register ATIA Attendees Register ATIA Navigator – Create a Personalized Schedule Schedule Pre-Conference Seminars Prentke Lecture CEUs (In Person) Registration Information Session Directory Hotel and Travel Joy Zabala Spirit Award Strands & Strand Advisors Virtual Event Register Full Virtual Event Free Virtual Event Exhibitors Exhibit at ATIA 2027 Register Exhibit at ATIA 2026 Sponsorship Opportunities Floor Plan Purchase a Booth Be a Sponsor Speakers Register Strands & Strand Advisors Hotel and Travel AT Resources What is AT? AT Research ATOB Research Articles & Tools ATIA Policy Briefs About ATIA Membership ATIA Membership Application Member Login Membership Directory Alliance Partners Become an Alliance Partner Board of Directors Meet the Team News & Media Submit Member Directory Menu What is AT? Assistive technology (AT): products, equipment, and systems that enhance learning, working, and daily living for persons with disabilities. Get started learning about assistive technology and the ATIA: What is assistive technology? How do you choose the right assistive technology? Who pays for assistive technology? What is the ATIA, and how can it help you find out about assistive technology? Can you attend an ATIA conference and what will you learn? Can you attend an online ATIA webinar? What is assistive technology? Assistive technology (AT) is any item, piece of equipment, software program, or product system that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of persons with disabilities. AT can be low-tech: communication boards made of cardboard or fuzzy felt. AT can be high-tech: special-purpose computers. AT can be hardware: prosthetics, mounting systems, and positioning devices. AT can be computer hardware: special switches, keyboards, and pointing devices. AT can be computer software: screen readers and communication programs. AT can be inclusive or specialized learning materials and curriculum aids. AT can be specialized curricular software. AT can be much more—electronic devices, wheelchairs, walkers, braces, educational software, power lifts, pencil holders, eye-gaze and head trackers, and much more. Assistive technology helps people who have difficulty speaking, typing, writing, remembering, pointing, seeing, hearing, learning, walking, and many other things. Different disabilities require different assistive technologies. Find more about specific assistive technologies at the websites of ATIA members and ATIA Alliance Partners . Professional organizations in the field also have helpful websites. For more links, see AT Resources . How do you choose the right assistive technology? Most often, the choice is a decision you make with a team of professionals and consultants trained to match particular assistive technologies to specific needs. An AT team may include family doctors, regular and special education teachers, speech-language pathologists, rehabilitation engineers, occupational therapists, and other specialists including consulting representatives from companies that manufacture assistive technology. Find out more about how various professionals can help you at the websites of their professional organizations: AOTA, American Occupational Therapy Association ASHA, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association CEC, Council for Exceptional Children LDA, Learning Disability Association of America RESNA, Rehabilitation Engineering & Assistive Technology Society of North America Service organizations and manufacturers offer important information as well. Start with the list of ATIA Alliance Partners . Who pays for assistive technology? The answer depends on the technology, the use, and the user. Many kinds of AT may cost you little or nothing, even for some very expensive items. Some examples: School systems pay for general special education learning materials as well as technology specified in an IEP. Government programs (Social Security, veteran’s benefits, or state Medicaid agencies) pay for certain assistive technology if a doctor prescribes it as a necessary medical device. Private health insurance pays for certain assistive technology if a doctor prescribes it as a necessary medical or rehabilitative device. Rehabilitation and job training programs , whether funded by government or private agencies, may pay for assistive technology and training to help people get jobs. Employers may pay for assistive technology that is a reasonable accommodation to enable an employee to perform essential job tasks. Other sources of funds in states or communities include private foundations, charities, and civic organizations. The ATIA’s Funding Resources Guide provides sources and resources to investigate as prospective options. What is the ATIA, and how can it help you find out about assistive technology? The ATIA is a not-for profit membership organization of manufacturers, sellers, and providers of technology-based assistive devices and services. ATIA members are active in providing assistive technology for the gamut of disabilities: Autism spectrum disorders Blindness and low vision Deafness and hard of hearing Computer access problems Communication disorders Mobility impairment Mounting systems Learning disabilities Cognitive disabilities Web accessibility Augmentative and alternative communication devices (AAC) ATIA members are not primarily focused on architectural products (specialized elevators, lifts, ramps or grab bars), transport products (wheelchairs and motor vehicle adaptations), prosthetic devices (artificial limbs and eyes), and hearing aids. Find out more about the assistive technology products and services provided by ATIA members by looking at their websites, listed in the ATIA Membership Directory . ATIA members possess an exceptional storehouse of experience and knowledge valuable to meeting the unique needs of persons requiring assistive technology. They have broad experience adapting their products to individual situations and helping local practitioners find one-of-a-kind solutions for consumers with disabilities. The ATIA Conference, held annually since 1999, showcases products and services for the assistive technology community—from users to educators to industry and government professionals. In addition, the ATIA sponsors working groups through which its members work to advance industry standards as technology changes, and to find new ways to disseminate information about those advances to professionals and the public. The ATIA and its members develop online webinars that provide continuing education about assistive technology for practitioners and interested members of the public. Can you attend an ATIA Conference and what will you learn? Everyone is invited to attend the ATIA Conference , to take advantage of the same broad range of learning opportunities that practicing therapists, teachers, and other industry professionals receive. You can learn how to choose from the best existing technologies and get a first look at new ones as well as cutting-edge academic research. Teachers can learn proven ways to use AT in the classroom. Hands-on workshops teach more advanced ways to use specific products. In community forums, practitioners, persons who use assistive technology, and their families can discuss issues with manufacturers and professionals. For some, the most exciting part is the Exhibit Hall, where you can try a full range of products, including new and developing technology. For others, the best part is meeting other people who are facing the same difficulties, sharing stories and helping each other. Can you attend an Online AT Education webinar? ATIA members and Alliance Partners provide a wealth of valuable information through the Assistive Technology Online Professional Development Program, both live and recorded. In Live Broadcast webinars, the audience can interact with the presenter. Webinars are also recorded and archived so people who cannot attend a Live Broadcast can access the information. Webinars are primarily geared toward teachers and practitioners, who can use them for continuing education credits. But they can also be helpful for users, parents, and other members of the public who have learned the basics of assistive technology and want to learn more. Explore upcoming live webinars as well as archives of recorded webinars here . Learn more about AT Explore the ATIA Learning Center for on-demand professional development opportunities Attend the ATIA Conference Get to know our ATIA member companies leading the development of new assistive technology AT Resources What Is Assistive Technology? 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https://open.forem.com/nnash/everything-you-need-to-launch-a-product-that-looks-legit-even-if-youre-bad-at-design-1hda | Everything You Need to Launch a Product That Looks Legit (Even If You’re Bad at Design) - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse N Nash Posted on Jan 5 Everything You Need to Launch a Product That Looks Legit (Even If You’re Bad at Design) # tools # programming # webdev # ai I’ve met a lot of developers who say the same thing: “The product works, but it doesn’t feel ready.” I’ve said it myself more times than I’d like to admit. Most failed launches I’ve seen (including my own) didn’t fail because of bad engineering. They failed because the product never crossed that invisible line where users think, “Okay, this looks legit.” This article is a practical breakdown of everything I needed to launch a product that felt trustworthy , not just functional especially when I didn’t have strong design skills. No fluff. No “best tools” claims. Just the stack that helped me ship. The Mindset Shift: “Looks Legit” Beats “Looks Perfect” Before tools, let’s reset expectations. You don’t need: Award‑winning visuals A custom design system A brand agency You do need: Consistency Clarity Signals of care Users are surprisingly forgiving about missing features. They’re far less forgiving when something feels sloppy or unfinished. That’s the bar we’re aiming for. Part 1: The Technical Stack (Foundations That Don’t Get in the Way) I intentionally chose a stack that was boring, documented, and predictable. Frontend: Next.js Next.js gave me: File‑based routing Server components where needed Easy SEO defaults Most importantly, it let me move fast without fighting the framework. Styling: Tailwind CSS Tailwind isn’t about aesthetics—it’s about constraints . For someone bad at design, constraints are a gift. Utility classes prevented me from inventing new spacing, colors, and font sizes on every screen. Backend + Auth: Supabase Supabase handled: Authentication Database Row‑level security Less backend code meant more time refining the product. Payments: Stripe Stripe’s developer experience is still unmatched. Webhooks, test modes, and docs all worked as expected. Hosting: Vercel Push to main. Get a preview URL. Done. This stack wasn’t exciting but it was stable. And stability matters when you’re solo. Part 2: The Missing Half — The Non‑Technical Stack Here’s where most dev‑focused articles stop. But this is also where most launches fall apart. Your non‑technical stack is what turns a working app into something people trust. Branding Is Not Decoration (It’s Infrastructure) I used to treat branding as a final step: “I’ll fix the visuals once everything works.” That mindset always backfired. Without a brand system: Every page feels slightly different Emails feel disconnected Social previews look generic That inconsistency sends a subtle message: this might be unfinished. Why I Didn’t Try to Design Everything Myself I’ve tried: Figma templates UI kits Tweaking colors endlessly It always cost me time and confidence. I didn’t want to become a designer. I wanted a design baseline I could rely on. That’s where Zoviz came in. Zoviz as Part of the Stack (Not a Special Case) I didn’t treat Zoviz as a “branding solution.” I treated it like Tailwind or Vercel: a tool that fills a gap I don’t want to manage manually. Zoviz became my “design teammate” when I didn’t have one. Using Zoviz, I: Generated a brand direction using the AI Brand Generator Created a logo that didn’t look amateur Exported a full brand kit (colors, fonts, assets) The value wasn’t the logo itself—it was the single source of truth . What Changed Once Branding Was Locked Once the brand kit existed: UI decisions got faster Landing page copy felt easier to write Social visuals stopped feeling random I wasn’t designing anymore. I was applying decisions that were already made. That distinction matters. Visuals: Simple Beats Fancy I didn’t create: Complex illustrations Custom icon sets Animated graphics I created: Clean screenshots Simple branded images One short demo visual Consistency did more work than creativity ever could. Copy Is a Design Tool Too Good copy compensates for average design. I focused on: Clear headlines Short paragraphs Honest language No hype. No buzzwords. Just explaining what the product does and who it’s for. When copy and visuals align, the product feels intentional. Launch Assets Most Developers Ignore Here’s what made a bigger difference than expected: Social preview images that matched the site A basic demo walkthrough Branded email signatures None of these were technically hard, but without a brand system, they’re annoying to create. With Zoviz, they were straightforward. What I’d Do Differently Next Time If I were starting again: I’d define branding on day one I’d spend less time tweaking UI details I’d focus on trust signals earlier Design decisions should reduce friction, not create it. A Simple Checklist for “Looks Legit” Before launching, I now ask: Do all screens use the same colors and fonts? Do emails look like they belong to the product? Would I trust this if I found it on Product Hunt? If the answer is yes, it’s ready. Final Thoughts Launching a product that looks legit isn’t about being good at design. It’s about: Choosing the right defaults Using tools that remove decision fatigue Treating branding like infrastructure For me, Zoviz fit naturally into the non‑technical side of the stack—just another tool that helped me ship with confidence. And when you’re building solo, confidence is often the difference between shipping and stalling. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse N Nash Follow I like to code at day and write at night. Joined Nov 1, 2025 More from N Nash Top 10 Must-Have Tools for Freelance Content Writers in 2026 # writing # freelance # ai # productivity 10 Free & Paid AI Tools That Saved Me 20 Hours This Week as a Social Media Manager (No Burnout, Just Smart Work) # productivity # ai # aitool # beginners 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Beginners Follow Hide "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." -Chinese Proverb Create Post submission guidelines UPDATED AUGUST 2, 2019 This tag is dedicated to beginners to programming, development, networking, or to a particular language. Everything should be geared towards that! For Questions... Consider using this tag along with #help, if... You are new to a language, or to programming in general, You want an explanation with NO prerequisite knowledge required. You want insight from more experienced developers. Please do not use this tag if you are merely new to a tool, library, or framework. See also, #explainlikeimfive For Articles... Posts should be specifically geared towards true beginners (experience level 0-2 out of 10). 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Right menu How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 12 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Comments Add Comment 2 min read Unlocking the Power of Inheritance in Python Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Follow Jan 12 Unlocking the Power of Inheritance in Python # beginners # programming # python # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read **More Than a Bootcamp: Why I Chose the German 'Umschulung' Path into Tech** Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Follow Jan 11 **More Than a Bootcamp: Why I Chose the German 'Umschulung' Path into Tech** # watercooler # career # devops # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read EU Digital Omnibus: New Requirements for Websites and Online Services Mehwish Malik Mehwish Malik Mehwish Malik Follow Jan 12 EU Digital Omnibus: New Requirements for Websites and Online Services # webdev # ai # beginners # productivity 17 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Who is Krishna Mohan Kumar? | Full Stack Developer & B.Tech CSE Student Krishna Mohan Kumar Krishna Mohan Kumar Krishna Mohan Kumar Follow Jan 12 Who is Krishna Mohan Kumar? | Full Stack Developer & B.Tech CSE Student # webdev # beginners # portfolio # google Comments Add Comment 1 min read Sharing: How to Build Competitiveness and Soft Skills, and Write a Good Resume Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing: How to Build Competitiveness and Soft Skills, and Write a Good Resume # learning # beginners # writing # career Comments Add Comment 9 min read Sharing a Talk: "How to Build Your Own Open Source Project" Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing a Talk: "How to Build Your Own Open Source Project" # beginners # opensource # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 7 min read Sharing: "How to Build Your Own Open Source Project" Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing: "How to Build Your Own Open Source Project" # beginners # opensource # tutorial Comments Add Comment 11 min read Singleton vs Observer Pattern: When and Why to Use Each Arun Teja Arun Teja Arun Teja Follow Jan 11 Singleton vs Observer Pattern: When and Why to Use Each # architecture # beginners # javascript Comments Add Comment 3 min read Singleton vs Observer Pattern: When and Why to Use Each Arun Teja Arun Teja Arun Teja Follow Jan 11 Singleton vs Observer Pattern: When and Why to Use Each # architecture # beginners # javascript Comments Add Comment 3 min read Observer Pattern Explained Simply With JavaScript Examples Arun Teja Arun Teja Arun Teja Follow Jan 11 Observer Pattern Explained Simply With JavaScript Examples # designpatterns # javascript # beginners # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Non-Drinker's Guide to Clustering Algorithms 🎉 Seenivasa Ramadurai Seenivasa Ramadurai Seenivasa Ramadurai Follow Jan 11 The Non-Drinker's Guide to Clustering Algorithms 🎉 # algorithms # beginners # datascience # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read My First Beginner Projects Vivash Kshitiz Vivash Kshitiz Vivash Kshitiz Follow Jan 12 My First Beginner Projects # discuss # beginners # python # learning Comments Add Comment 1 min read Accounting 101: Learn how to build financial applications Favor Onuoha Favor Onuoha Favor Onuoha Follow Jan 11 Accounting 101: Learn how to build financial applications # beginners # fintech Comments Add Comment 10 min read Sitemaps & robots.txt: The Secret to Faster, Smarter Scraping Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Muhammad Ikramullah Khan Follow Jan 11 Sitemaps & robots.txt: The Secret to Faster, Smarter Scraping # webdev # programming # python # beginners Comments Add Comment 10 min read [TIL][Android] Common Android Studio Project Opening Issues Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL][Android] Common Android Studio Project Opening Issues # help # beginners # android # kotlin Comments Add Comment 2 min read APCSCamp 2021: How to Learn Programming and Intern at LINE Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 APCSCamp 2021: How to Learn Programming and Intern at LINE # learning # beginners # career # programming Comments Add Comment 10 min read LINE Platform and Messaging API Introduction - 2022 Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Platform and Messaging API Introduction - 2022 # beginners # api # tutorial # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Digital Certificate Wallet: Beginner's Guide Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Digital Certificate Wallet: Beginner's Guide # beginners # security # privacy # mobile Comments Add Comment 2 min read JSON vs. XML for APIs: Key Differences Explained for Beginners CodeItBro CodeItBro CodeItBro Follow Jan 11 JSON vs. XML for APIs: Key Differences Explained for Beginners # webdev # programming # beginners # tutorial Comments Add Comment 10 min read My first post lol bhennyhayman bhennyhayman bhennyhayman Follow Jan 11 My first post lol # webdev # javascript # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read AWS IAM basics explained with real examples Sahinur Sahinur Sahinur Follow Jan 11 AWS IAM basics explained with real examples # aws # beginners # security Comments Add Comment 5 min read AWS Pricing Models Explained: (A Beginner's Guide) chandra penugonda chandra penugonda chandra penugonda Follow Jan 11 AWS Pricing Models Explained: (A Beginner's Guide) # beginners # tutorial # cloud # aws Comments Add Comment 8 min read Turning Database Schemas into Diagrams & Docs — Open for Early Feedback Rushikesh Bodakhe Rushikesh Bodakhe Rushikesh Bodakhe Follow Jan 11 Turning Database Schemas into Diagrams & Docs — Open for Early Feedback # webdev # programming # ai # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read HTTP Caching Explained (The Way I Learned It in Production) Nishar Arif Nishar Arif Nishar Arif Follow Jan 11 HTTP Caching Explained (The Way I Learned It in Production) # beginners # webdev # tutorial # performance 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Linux Follow Hide What are clouds made of? Linux servers, mostly. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to Linux operating systems. Questions are encouraged (see the #help tag). Content with the main focus on bash or the Unix shell is permitted, but don't forget to add the #bash or #unix tag as you see it fitting. Articles mainly about WSL should be tagged with #wsl instead of #linux. about #linux Linux is a family of free and open source operating systems built on top of the Linux kernel, first released on 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Older #linux posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu INSTALAR K8S EN DEBIAN 13 Robert Orozco Robert Orozco Robert Orozco Follow Jan 9 INSTALAR K8S EN DEBIAN 13 # kubernetes # debian # k8s # linux Comments Add Comment 2 min read Advanced Bash Scripting for DevOps Automation (With Copy‑Pasteable Examples) Sajja Sudhakararao Sajja Sudhakararao Sajja Sudhakararao Follow Jan 9 Advanced Bash Scripting for DevOps Automation (With Copy‑Pasteable Examples) # devops # bash # linux # automation Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🐧 Linux Process Management: Deep Dive Shivakumar Shivakumar Shivakumar Follow Jan 9 🐧 Linux Process Management: Deep Dive # devops # interview # linux # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Change Operating System in a Virtual Machine Savya Maan Savya Maan Savya Maan Follow Jan 8 How to Change Operating System in a Virtual Machine # cloud # linux # tutorial Comments Add Comment 9 min read Windows vs Linux - Which Operating System Should You Choose? 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HABIBULLAH SHARIF Follow Jan 10 The Complete Windows to Linux Migration Guide # windowstolinux # beginners # linux # techguide 4 reactions Comments 5 comments 11 min read How to Use UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) Fega Suseno Fega Suseno Fega Suseno Follow Jan 7 How to Use UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) # ubuntu # linux # devops # firewal Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🪣 Thin Provisioning in LVM – Complete Step by Step Tutorial Usama Tanoli Usama Tanoli Usama Tanoli Follow Jan 6 🪣 Thin Provisioning in LVM – Complete Step by Step Tutorial # beginners # devops # linux # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read Simulated and monitored DDoS attacks Write up research Alem Djokovic Alem Djokovic Alem Djokovic Follow Jan 6 Simulated and monitored DDoS attacks Write up research # cybersecurity # linux # monitoring # networking Comments Add Comment 20 min read aliasctl - Modern Bash Alias Manager with Beautiful UI ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com Follow Jan 5 aliasctl - Modern Bash Alias Manager with Beautiful UI # bash # linux # terminal # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read Mastering Text Manipulation: A Developer's Guide to Regex, Grep, Sed, and Awk Mobin Valadi Mobin Valadi Mobin Valadi Follow for Kurdistan Linux Lab | تاقیگەی لینوکسی کوردستان Jan 4 Mastering Text Manipulation: A Developer's Guide to Regex, Grep, Sed, and Awk # linux # kurd # kurdistan # developer Comments Add Comment 5 min read Mastering the Command Line: A Developer's Deep Dive into Shell Wildcards (Globbing) Mobin Valadi Mobin Valadi Mobin Valadi Follow for Kurdistan Linux Lab | تاقیگەی لینوکسی کوردستان Jan 4 Mastering the Command Line: A Developer's Deep Dive into Shell Wildcards (Globbing) # linux # kurd # kurdistan # developer Comments Add Comment 9 min read Environment variables not working with CRON? Łukasz Maśląg Łukasz Maśląg Łukasz Maśląg Follow for CronMonitor Jan 4 Environment variables not working with CRON? # bash # devops # linux Comments Add Comment 2 min read Linux: The Secret Weapon for Developers Mohamed Azmy Mohamed Azmy Mohamed Azmy Follow Jan 6 Linux: The Secret Weapon for Developers # linux # backend # devops # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse frw community Posted on Nov 15, 2025 A Declaration of Digital Independence # webdev # discuss # opensource Preamble The Web was born free . Open protocols. Open standards. Open access. No one owned it. No one controlled it. No one could shut it down. Everyone could publish. Everyone could read. Everyone could connect. That web is dying. Today, the web is captured . A handful of corporations decide who speaks, who listens, and who connects. Your content lives at their mercy. Your identity exists by their permission. Your voice survives at their discretion. One company bans you → your audience vanishes. One server fails → your life’s work disappears. One terms-of-service change → you lose everything. This is not the web we were promised. We declare independence from this captured web. We reclaim the original vision. We build a web that cannot be shut down, censored, or controlled . Welcome to the Free Web. Welcome to FRW. The Problem: Control The web has been captured by centralization . Your Content is Not Yours It lives on their servers. They can delete it. Modify it. Hide it. One company decides if your voice is heard. Your Identity is Not Yours Your account belongs to them . They grant access. Revoke access. Verify you. Lose your account → lose your identity. Your Privacy is Not Yours Every click tracked. Every behavior profiled. Every connection logged. Surveillance is the foundation , not a bug. Your Freedom is Not Yours They write the terms. Change the rules. Decide what’s acceptable. Speak freely… until they say you can’t. The Consequences When platforms control the infrastructure: Effect Result Censorship One decision silences millions Deplatforming One ban erases your digital existence Surveillance Monitoring is the price of entry Monopolies Network effects create empires Failure One outage breaks the world The current web is not free. It is rented, monitored, and controlled . The Solution: Decentralization FRW is not a product. It’s a protocol. Not a service. A standard. Not a company. A commitment. The Foundation You Own How Identity Generated by mathematics, not granted by authority. No revocation. Content Distributed across the network. Signed. Permanent while hosted. Privacy Processed locally. Encrypted connections. No surveillance. Freedom No ToS. No permission. No gatekeepers. The Principles I. Freedom Publish without permission. The protocol is neutral. The network is open. Access information freely. No paywalls. No registration to read. Connect & collaborate. Link anyone. Build with anyone. II. Ownership Identity : Keys you control. Content : You sign → you control. Data : Local history. No cloud required. III. Integrity Verification , not authority. Transparency : Open protocol, auditable code. Immutability : Published content cannot be altered. IV. Resilience No single point of failure. Peer-to-peer distribution. Content survives as long as someone cares. V. Privacy By design , not policy. Minimal metadata. No tracking. Your browsing is your business. What FRW Is Not Myth Reality Underground network Not Tor/I2P. Fixes the open web. Platform No FRW.com . Anyone implements the protocol. Cryptocurrency No tokens. No ICO. Freedom isn’t for sale. Perfect anonymity Pseudonymous. Combine with Tor/VPN for anonymity. Panacea Infrastructure for freedom, not a social fix. The Philosophy: A Step Back to Move Forward FRW is a course correction , not a revolution. What We Keep Familiar URLs HTML, CSS, JS Browser experience (address bar, links) Open standards Human-readable names What We Fix Problem Fix Centralized hosting Decentralized Corporate identity Cryptographic keys Trust in platforms Math-verified authenticity Client-server fragility Peer-to-peer Surveillance foundation Privacy by design Goal: Become what the WWW should have been. 1995 openness + 2025 resilience. The Commitment We, the builders and users of the Free Web, commit to: Build tools that empower , never exploit. Protect privacy as a right , not a feature. Resist censorship — route around control. Maintain integrity — open code, open audits. Educate & empower — no gatekeeping. Remain independent — no corporate masters. The Call to Action For Everyone Use it — Generate identity. Publish freely. Share it — Tell silenced creators. Grow the network. Defend it — Host nodes. Archive content. Teach it — Spread digital literacy. For Builders Build it — Implement protocol. Create tools. Improve it — Audit. Optimize. Document. Extend it — Add features. Build bridges. For Communities Adopt it — Move content. Host identity. Organize — Create spaces. Foster collaboration. Protect it — Resist centralization. The Vision Imagine a web where: No one can silence you. Words live on thousands of nodes. No one can impersonate you. Cryptographic signatures prove authorship. No one can track you. Privacy by design. No one can censor you. The network routes around damage. No one owns your identity. Your keys, your self. This is FRW. This is possible. This is necessary. Join the Movement If you believe: Freedom of expression is a right , not a privilege. Privacy is fundamental , not optional. Ownership means control , not permission. Resilience comes from distribution , not concentration. Then join us. Your voice. Your skills. Your participation. The revolution will not be centralized. https://github.com/frw-community Learn More Documentation : docs/ Source Code : GitHub Contributing : CONTRIBUTING.md Quick Start : QUICK_START.md Closing This manifesto is not a promise. It’s a commitment. Not a roadmap. A declaration of principles. Not marketing. A call to action. The web we deserve will not be given. It must be built. The freedom we seek will not be granted. It must be claimed. The time is now. The tools exist. The choice is yours. Welcome to the Free Web. Welcome to FRW. Published November 2025 Distributed on IPFS Signed. Verifiable. Uncensorable. Released under MIT License — free to use, modify, distribute. Because freedom cannot be licensed, only protected . Protocol : https://github.com/frw-community/FRW-Free-Web Manifesto: https://github.com/frw-community Email: frw_community@proton.me Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse frw community Follow They can shut down servers. They can silence voices. But they cannot kill a web that rebuilds itself. Joined Nov 13, 2025 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://open.forem.com/junaid_rana_8d7c910ac89b7/digital-marketing-260j#comments | digital marketing - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Junaid Rana Posted on Jan 9 digital marketing # ai # programming # beginners # productivity Digital Marketing : Your Complete Step-by-Step Learning Blueprint beginners education learning From Zero to Hero: A Realistic Journey Map Let me tell you something nobody else will: learning digital marketing isn’t rocket science, but it’s not a weekend hobby either. It’s a structured journey that requires commitment, curiosity, and consistent action. The good news? Anyone can do it. The better news? I’m going to show you exactly how. Forget those “become an expert in 7 days” scams. This is your real, honest, no-BS roadmap to mastering digital marketing from absolute scratch. Phase 1: Foundation Building (Weeks 1-4) Understanding the Digital Landscape Before you dive into tactics, you need to understand the ecosystem. Think of this as learning the rules of cricket before stepping onto the field. Week 1: The Fundamentals Start with understanding what digital marketing actually is. Not the textbook definition—the real-world application. What to do: Watch Google’s “Digital Unlocked” course (completely free, 40 hours of content) Don’t just watch—take notes. Write down every concept you don’t understand Create a simple blog or website using WordPress.com (free version) Pick any topic you’re passionate about—cooking, fitness, travel, gaming—anything Write your first blog post. It’ll be terrible. That’s perfect. Why this matters: You need a playground to practice. Your blog is that playground. Every tactic you learn, you’ll apply here first before offering services to clients. Week 2: Understanding SEO Basics SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is the foundation of digital marketing. If you don’t understand how Google works, you’re building a house on sand. What to do: Complete Moz’s “Beginner’s Guide to SEO” (free) Install Yoast SEO plugin on your WordPress blog Research 5 keywords related to your blog topic using Ubersuggest or Google Keyword Planner (both free) Write 3 blog posts targeting these keywords Submit your blog to Google Search Console The learning process: Read the theory Watch 2-3 YouTube videos on the same topic (different perspectives help) Apply immediately to your blog Document what works and what doesn’t Week 3: Social Media Marketing Foundation Social media isn’t just posting randomly. It’s understanding platforms, algorithms, and human psychology. What to do: Pick ONE platform to master first (Instagram, Facebook, or LinkedIn—choose based on your blog niche) Create a business account connected to your blog Study 10 successful accounts in your niche: What do they post? When? How often? What gets most engagement? Create a content calendar for 30 days Post consistently—at least 4-5 times per week Use free tools like Canva for creating graphics The strategy: 40% educational content (teach something) 30% entertaining content (make people smile) 20% inspirational content (motivate) 10% promotional content (link to your blog) Week 4: Content Marketing Deep Dive Content is king, they say. They’re right. But not all content is created equal. What to do: Read HubSpot’s content marketing guide Analyze 20 viral posts in your niche (what made them viral?) Learn basic copywriting: Headlines, storytelling, call-to-actions Write 5 different headline styles for the same blog post Study the psychology of persuasion (read Robert Cialdini’s “Influence” summary) Practice exercise: Take a boring topic—like “how to file taxes”—and make it interesting. This is the essence of content marketing: making necessary information engaging. Phase 2: Going Deeper (Weeks 5-8) Specialization and Skill Building Now that you understand the basics, it’s time to develop real skills that clients will pay for. Week 5: Facebook & Instagram Ads This is where things get exciting—and expensive if you don’t know what you’re doing. What to do: Take Facebook Blueprint courses (free, official training from Facebook) Start with ₹500 in ad spend. Yes, spend your own money. Skin in the game = faster learning Create 3 different ad campaigns: Boost a blog post to drive website traffic Run a page like campaign to grow followers Create an engagement campaign Track everything: Cost per click, reach, engagement, conversion Critical lesson: Your first few campaigns will probably fail. Budget for this. Consider it tuition fees. I lost ₹5,000 in my first month of learning ads. But those expensive mistakes taught me more than any course ever could. Week 6: Google Ads & Search Marketing Google Ads is different from social media ads. People on Google are actively searching for solutions. They have high intent. What to do: Complete Google Ads certification (free) Set up a Google Ads account Create a simple search campaign with ₹1,000 budget Target long-tail keywords (less competition, cheaper) Focus on quality score—it determines your ad cost Learn to write compelling ad copy (you have 90 characters to convince someone to click) Pro tip: Start with search campaigns, not display or video. Search ads convert better and help you understand the fundamentals before moving to more complex formats. Week 7: Email Marketing Email has a 4200% ROI. That’s ₹42 for every ₹1 spent. Yet most people ignore it. What to do: Sign up for Mailchimp (free up to 500 subscribers) Add an email signup form to your blog Create a lead magnet (free ebook, checklist, template—something valuable people want) Write your first email sequence (5 emails welcoming new subscribers) Study successful email campaigns: Subscribe to 10 brands and analyze their emails Email sequence structure: Welcome email (introduce yourself, set expectations) Value email #1 (teach something useful) Value email #2 (another useful tip) Story email (share a personal story) Soft promotion (mention your service/product naturally) Week 8: Analytics & Data Marketing without data is just guessing with a bigger budget. What to do: Master Google Analytics (set it up on your blog) Understand key metrics: Traffic sources, bounce rate, time on page, conversion rate Install Facebook Pixel on your website Learn to create custom reports Set up goal tracking (newsletter signups, contact form submissions, etc.) Daily practice: Spend 15 minutes every morning reviewing your blog and social media analytics. Ask yourself: What content performed best yesterday? Where is my traffic coming from? What pages are people leaving from? How can I improve based on this data? Phase 3: Real-World Application (Weeks 9-12) Getting Your Hands Dirty Theory is useless without practice. It’s time to work with real businesses, real budgets, real pressure. Week 9-10: Building Your Portfolio You can’t get clients without a portfolio. You can’t build a portfolio without clients. This is the classic catch-22. Here’s how to break it: Strategy 1: Work for Free (Selectively) Approach 3 small local businesses Offer free digital marketing for one month in exchange for a testimonial and case study Choose businesses you genuinely want to help Set clear expectations: “I’m learning and practicing. Results may vary.” Strategy 2: Your Own Projects Your blog is already a project Create case studies from it: “How I grew traffic from 0 to 500 visitors/month in 2 months” Showcase your social media growth Document everything with screenshots, graphs, numbers Strategy 3: Virtual Volunteering Find NGOs or community projects that need digital marketing help Offer your services for free Gain experience while doing social good Week 11: Creating Your Service Offerings You need to package your skills into clear, sellable services. Service Package Examples: Basic Social Media Management - ₹15,000/month 12 posts per month (3 per week) Content creation using Canva Basic engagement (responding to comments) junaid-irfan.com SEO Optimization - ₹20,000/month Keyword research On-page SEO optimization 4 SEO-optimized blog posts Monthly ranking report Facebook Ads Management - ₹10,000/month + 10% of ad spend Ad campaign strategy Creative design Campaign setup and monitoring Weekly performance reports Complete Digital Marketing - ₹40,000/month Everything above combined Email marketing setup Monthly strategy calls Week 12: Landing Your First Paid Client This is the moment of truth. Here’s your action plan: Step 1: Identify 50 potential clients Local businesses in your city Online businesses in your niche Startups looking for marketing help Check LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook groups Step 2: Research each business Visit their website, social media Identify their digital marketing gaps Prepare a specific pitch for each**** Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Junaid Rana Follow Joined Jan 9, 2026 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://open.forem.com/opensourceadvocate | Enri Marini - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Follow User actions Enri Marini Advocate for open source software and hardware in industrial automation. Bridging the gap between the physical and social sciences. Find all my links: linktr.ee/opensourceadvocate Location Rochester, NY Joined Joined on Mar 14, 2024 Personal website https://linktr.ee/governmentaudit twitter website Education Rochester Institute of Technology Pronouns He/Him Work Industrial Automation Software Engineer More info about @opensourceadvocate Badges One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Currently learning Various open source industrial automation tech at all levels of the stack (edge to AI). Available for Informal live stream chat about what your experience has been like as an integrator and/or developer and/or insert-job-function-here within manufacturing. Post 2 posts published Comment 2 comments written Tag 5 tags followed Fake Activism In The Digital Age Enri Marini Enri Marini Enri Marini Follow Sep 26 '24 Fake Activism In The Digital Age # discuss # tutorial # opensource # beginners 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 8 min read Want to connect with Enri Marini? Create an account to connect with Enri Marini. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Open Source and Capitalism Enri Marini Enri Marini Enri Marini Follow Aug 7 '24 Open Source and Capitalism # beginners # opensource # learning # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Brainstorm creative ideas Hi Claude! Could you brainstorm creative ideas? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Learn Explain a complex topic simply Hi Claude! Could you explain a complex topic simply? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Help me make sense of these ideas Hi Claude! Could you help me make sense of these ideas? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Prepare for an exam or interview Hi Claude! Could you prepare for an exam or interview? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Code Explain a programming concept Hi Claude! Could you explain a programming concept? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Look over my code and give me tips Hi Claude! Could you look over my code and give me tips? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Vibe code with me Hi Claude! Could you vibe code with me? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! More Write case studies This is another test Write grant proposals Hi Claude! Could you write grant proposals? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to — like Google Drive, web search, etc. — if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can - an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! 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https://stripe.com/en-cy/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Privacy Policy Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy will be updated on January 16, 2026. Please review the upcoming changes here . Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. 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In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the Europe | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/aws-builders/aurora-serverless-backtrack-unleash-aws-cdk-v2-with-typescript-a-comedy-of-cloud-errors-turned-epic-win-215 | Aurora Serverless + Backtrack: Unleash AWS CDK V2 with TypeScript! A Comedy of (Cloud) Errors Turned Epic Win - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Marcos Henrique for AWS Community Builders Posted on Oct 13, 2023 Aurora Serverless + Backtrack: Unleash AWS CDK V2 with TypeScript! A Comedy of (Cloud) Errors Turned Epic Win # todayilearned # aws # typescript Welcome to the exciting world of cloud engineering! We are about to embark on an epic journey of creating an Aurora Serverless database with Backtrack using AWS CDK v2 and TypeScript. Hold onto your hats (and your funny bone), because this will be a fantastic cloud adventure like no other! Let's go ahead and get started. Chapter 1: The Prelude to Laughter - AWS CDK V2 and TypeScript Now, you might be wondering, "Why TypeScript?" Well, it's like having a comedy script for your cloud infrastructure – you get type safety, and auto-completion, and it's fun to write! If you're new to AWS CDK (Cloud Development Kit), get ready to be amazed by the power of infrastructure as code. Chapter 2: The Setup - Prepare for Giggles To kick off our AWS CDK comedy show, you'll need to set up your development environment, if you don't mind. So, fire up your terminal, create a new AWS CDK app, and install all the packages with TypeScript. It's like setting the stage for a grand comedy performance – you need the right props and costumes. Chapter 3: The Protagonist - Enter Aurora Serverless Now, it's time to introduce the star of our show – Aurora Serverless. This is your leading lady, your diva of databases. You'll need to create a database cluster with Amazon Aurora Serverless. It's like giving your lead actor a dressing room, a spotlight, and an adoring audience. Chapter 4: The Twist - Insert Backtrack But what makes this AWS comedy genuinely epic is the twist – Backtrack. Backtrack is like the "undo" button for your database. Imagine if you could reverse every mistake you've ever made – that's Backtrack. Set up your backtrack window to a time when everything was perfect, and get ready to laugh at your past errors. Chapter 5: The Script - Writing the AWS CDK Code Now, let's write the code. With AWS CDK in TypeScript, it's like composing the funniest punchlines for your cloud infrastructure. You create a new database cluster, enable Backtrack, and set the retention period for your comedy gold (data). It's all scripted, just like your favorite sitcom. import { Duration } from ' aws-cdk-lib/core ' ; // Define your Aurora Serverless cluster const cluster = new rds . ServerlessCluster ( this , ' MyAuroraCluster ' , { engine : rds . DatabaseClusterEngine . AURORA , defaultDatabaseName : ' mydatabase ' , enableBacktrack : true , // Here's the twist! backtrackWindow : Duration . hours ( 24 ), // Your backtrack window removalPolicy : cdk . RemovalPolicy . DESTROY , // It's all part of the act! }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Chapter 6: The Performance - Deploy Your Comedy Show With your script ready, it's time for you to go ahead and deploy your comedy show. Use the CDK CLI to synthesize and deploy your stack to the AWS Cloud – it's like premiering your show on Broadway! Chapter 7: The Grand Finale - Rollback with Backtrack The comedy show's on! But wait, there's a hiccup. Something went wrong – an error. Don't worry; that's where Backtrack comes to the rescue. Rollback to a time before the mistake, and voilà! Your comedy show is back on track. Chapter 8: The Standing Ovation - Congratulations, You Did It! And there you have it, an Aurora Serverless database with Backtrack, brought to life using AWS CDK v2 and TypeScript. It's like an epic comedy with the perfect mix of laughter and drama, where every error is just a plot twist in the grand story of your cloud infrastructure. So, the next time you're faced with creating an Aurora Serverless database with Backtrack, remember this comedy of errors turned epic win. AWS CDK v2 with TypeScript is your stage, Aurora Serverless is your star, Backtrack is your plot twist, and you, my friend, are the master playwright of your cloud comedy. Break a leg and enjoy the show! 🎭😂🚀 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Darian Vance Posted on Dec 28, 2025 • Originally published at wp.me Solved: PoE+++?! WHEN WILL THE MADNESS END? # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud 🚀 Executive Summary TL;DR: The increasing demands of Power over Ethernet (PoE) lead to ‘PoE madness’ characterized by insufficient power budgets, cabling issues, and thermal concerns. Solutions involve strategically upgrading to 802.3bt-capable infrastructure with Cat6A cabling, implementing intelligent power management via LLDP-MED and scheduling, and leveraging hybrid approaches like midspan injectors for specific high-draw devices. 🎯 Key Takeaways Upgrading to IEEE 802.3bt (PoE++ / PoE+++) and Cat6A cabling is crucial for managing high-power devices, ensuring optimal heat dissipation, and minimizing power loss over longer distances. Intelligent power management using LLDP-MED enables dynamic power allocation, allowing Powered Devices (PDs) to communicate their actual power requirements to the Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE), preventing over-provisioning and maximizing the number of devices powered by a given switch. Hybrid power solutions, such as midspan injectors for specific high-power devices or local power adapters for extreme cases, offer flexible and cost-effective alternatives when a full PoE switch upgrade isn’t feasible or sufficient for all devices. The ever-increasing demand for Power over Ethernet (PoE) has network architects and engineers grappling with complex power budgets, infrastructure upgrades, and thermal challenges. This post dives into the “PoE+++?!” conundrum, offering practical solutions to manage high-power devices and future-proof your network. Understanding the “PoE+++?!” Madness: Symptoms The cry “PoE+++?! WHEN WILL THE MADNESS END?” isn’t just a lament; it’s a direct reflection of real-world pain points faced by IT professionals as device power requirements continue to climb. Here are the common symptoms indicating your network might be suffering from “PoE madness”: Insufficient Power Budget: Your brand-new PoE+ switch is suddenly struggling to power a handful of Wi-Fi 6E access points or advanced PTZ cameras, leading to devices failing to boot or operating in a degraded state. Cabling Woes: Existing Cat5e/Cat6 cabling, once sufficient, is now causing excessive power loss, heat buildup within cable bundles, and potentially unreliable device operation, especially over longer distances. Thermal Concerns: High power delivery through cable bundles generates heat. In high-density installations (e.g., data centers, wiring closets), this can lead to cable degradation, increased cooling costs, and even fire hazards if not managed properly. Confusion Over Standards: The proliferation of PoE standards (802.3af, at, bt Type 3, Type 4, and proprietary solutions like UPoE/PoH) creates a complex landscape, making it difficult to select the right equipment. Unexpected Costs: Upgrading switches, re-cabling, and increasing cooling capacity due to higher power demands translates directly to unplanned capital expenditure and operational costs. Troubleshooting Headaches: Diagnosing why a PoE device isn’t powering up can be time-consuming, often involving checking power budgets, cable integrity, and switch port configurations. Solution 1: Strategic PoE Infrastructure Upgrade The most direct approach to combat rising PoE demands is to upgrade your foundational infrastructure. This involves adopting the latest PoE standards and ensuring your cabling can handle the load. Leveraging 802.3bt (PoE++ / UPoE/PoH) The IEEE 802.3bt standard significantly increases the power available to Powered Devices (PDs) by utilizing all four pairs in an Ethernet cable. This is crucial for devices like high-performance Wi-Fi 6/6E APs, thin clients, LED lighting, and video conferencing systems. Standard/Type IEEE Designation Max Power at PSE (W) Min Power at PD (W) Pairs Used Typical Devices PoE (Type 1) 802.3af 15.4 12.95 2 VoIP phones, IP cameras PoE+ (Type 2) 802.3at 30 25.5 2 Video phones, advanced APs PoE++ (Type 3) 802.3bt Type 3 60 51 4 Video conferencing, thin clients PoE+++ (Type 4) 802.3bt Type 4 90-100 71.3-90 4 High-performance APs, LED lighting, large displays Cabling Considerations: Cat6A and Beyond While Cat5e/Cat6 can technically carry higher PoE power, Cat6A is strongly recommended for 802.3bt Type 3 and Type 4 deployments, especially for new installations or upgrades. This is due to: Reduced Resistance and Heat Dissipation: Cat6A cables typically have larger gauge conductors (e.g., 23 AWG vs. 24 AWG for Cat5e/Cat6), leading to lower resistance and thus less heat generation. This is critical in bundles where heat can accumulate. Lower Power Loss: Less resistance means less power is dissipated as heat in the cable, allowing more power to reach the PD. Future-Proofing: Cat6A also supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) over longer distances, future-proofing your network for data bandwidth demands alongside power. When installing, always adhere to TIA/EIA standards for cable bundling and separation to ensure proper heat dissipation. Example: Cisco Catalyst 9300 Series PoE Budget Configuration Modern PoE switches allow granular control and monitoring of power budgets. Here’s how you might check and configure PoE on a Cisco Catalyst 9300 series switch: # Check overall PoE status and budget Switch# show power inline Module Available Used Remaining (Watts) (Watts) (Watts) ------ --------- -------- --------- 1 740.0 125.0 615.0 Interface Admin Oper Power Device Class Max State State (Watts) (Watts) ---------- ----- ---------- ------- ------------------- ----- ---- Gi1/0/1 auto on 15.4 IP Phone 8845 4 30.0 Gi1/0/2 auto on 30.0 AIR-AP4800 4 60.0 Gi1/0/3 auto off 0.0 n/a n/a 30.0 Gi1/0/4 auto on 51.0 WS-C9800-CL 6 60.0 # Configure max power on a specific port (e.g., for an 802.3bt Type 3 device) Switch(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/0/4 Switch(config-if)# power inline max 60000 Switch(config-if)# power inline port priority high # Set the overall power budget for a module (if applicable, or for the whole switch) # This is usually done at initial setup or determined by PSU configuration. # Example for a specific module's budget (less common on modern fixed switches) Switch(config)# power inline module 1 budget 740 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Solution 2: Intelligent Power Management and Device Optimization Instead of just throwing more power at the problem, intelligent power management focuses on optimizing what you have and reducing unnecessary consumption. Dynamic Power Allocation with LLDP-MED Link Layer Discovery Protocol – Media Endpoint Discovery (LLDP-MED) is critical for efficient PoE. It allows the Powered Device (PD) to communicate its actual power requirements to the Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE – the switch). This prevents the switch from allocating maximum power (e.g., 30W for PoE+) to a device that only needs 10W, conserving the overall power budget. How it works: When a PD connects, it first draws a small amount of power (discovery). Then, via LLDP-MED, it informs the switch of its specific power needs. The switch then provides only the requested amount, reserving the rest of its budget for other devices. Benefit: Maximizes the number of devices that can be powered by a given switch by avoiding over-provisioning. Per-Port Power Limiting Even without LLDP-MED, you can manually set maximum power limits on individual switch ports. This is useful for older devices that don’t support LLDP-MED or to prevent rogue devices from drawing excessive power. # Example: Setting a fixed power limit on an Aruba switch port (host) #interface gigabitethernet 1/0/5 (host) (gigabitethernet "1/0/5") #poe-power-limit 15000 # Sets limit to 15W Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Scheduled Power Cycling and Energy Savings For devices that don’t need to be on 24/7 (e.g., office phones, display screens, specific access points in unoccupied areas), scheduled power cycling can significantly reduce overall power consumption. Most enterprise switches support this feature. # Example: Configuring PoE power scheduling on a Cisco switch # Define a time range for when power should be ON Switch(config)# time-range OFFICE_HOURS Switch(config-time-range)# periodic weekdays 08:00 to 18:00 Switch(config-time-range)# exit # Apply the time range to a specific PoE port Switch(config)# interface GigabitEthernet1/0/10 Switch(config-if)# power inline port power-cycle time-range OFFICE_HOURS Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Solution 3: Hybrid and Decentralized Power Approaches Sometimes, a pure PoE solution isn’t feasible or cost-effective for every device. A hybrid approach incorporates local power or specialized PoE components for high-draw or legacy devices. Midspan Injectors for High-Power, Specific Devices Midspan injectors (PoE injectors) are devices that add power to an Ethernet cable, allowing non-PoE switches to power PoE devices, or to provide higher power than a switch port can deliver. They are particularly useful for: Specific high-power devices: For a single PTZ camera requiring 70W, using a dedicated 802.3bt Type 4 midspan injector might be more economical than upgrading an entire access layer switch. Extending legacy infrastructure: Keep existing non-PoE or lower-power PoE switches while powering newer, more demanding devices. When selecting midspans, ensure they are compliant with the appropriate 802.3at/bt standard for the device you intend to power. Local Power Adapters for Extreme Cases For devices with exceptionally high power requirements (e.g., certain robust industrial PCs, large display panels, or high-end outdoor Wi-Fi radios that exceed 90W), using a local AC-to-DC power adapter connected directly to a power outlet remains the most reliable solution. While it adds a power cable, it completely offloads the demand from the network infrastructure and ensures maximum power delivery. Considerations: Assess the device’s actual power draw versus its PoE class. If it consistently exceeds even 802.3bt Type 4, local power is generally better. Hybrid deployments: It’s common to have a mix – most devices PoE powered, with a few high-draw exceptions using local power. Managed Industrial Ethernet Switches with High-Power PoE In environments like manufacturing floors, smart buildings, or outdoor deployments, dedicated industrial-grade switches often offer higher per-port PoE budgets and ruggedized designs. These switches are built to handle harsher conditions and larger power loads, making them suitable for specific applications that might otherwise strain commercial-grade equipment. Features: Extended temperature ranges, fanless designs, DIN-rail mounting, redundant power inputs, and often support for higher PoE standards (e.g., 90W per port). Use Case: Powering advanced sensors, vision systems, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), or high-brightness outdoor displays. Conclusion The “PoE+++?!” madness isn’t ending anytime soon; rather, it’s evolving. As more devices integrate into the IoT ecosystem and demand both data and power over a single cable, the pressure on network infrastructure will only increase. By strategically upgrading to 802.3bt-capable switches and Cat6A cabling, implementing intelligent power management techniques like LLDP-MED and scheduling, and leveraging hybrid approaches with midspan injectors or local power where appropriate, IT professionals can regain control. The key is thoughtful planning, understanding the standards, and continuous monitoring to ensure a robust, efficient, and future-proof powered network. 👉 Read the original article on TechResolve.blog Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Darian Vance Follow Lead Cloud Architect & DevOps Strategist with 12+ years in the trenches. Founder of TechResolve. I turn complex cloud chaos into systems you can actually understand and manage. Education BS in Computer Science & 12 Years of Production Outages Work Founder & Lead Architect at TechResolve Joined Dec 26, 2025 More from Darian Vance Solved: I hired two junior people and realized media buyers being bad at creative strategy is actually a huge problem # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud Solved: How to look for a good MSP # devops # programming # tutorial # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close HTML Follow Hide Hypertext Markup Language — the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. Create Post submission guidelines As long as you follow the rules outlined below, we welcome you to post anything regarding HTML: Respectful communication Quality content No spam/self-promotion Respect copyright Stay on topic Older #html posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 538 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Building the "Round City" of Baghdad in Three.js: A Journey Through History and Performance bingkahu bingkahu bingkahu Follow Jan 12 Building the "Round City" of Baghdad in Three.js: A Journey Through History and Performance # showdev # webdev # javascript # html 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read HTML-101 #5. Text Formatting, Quotes & Code Formatting Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Follow Jan 11 HTML-101 #5. Text Formatting, Quotes & Code Formatting # html # learninpublic # beginners # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read HTML-101 #4. HTML Headings, Paragraphs & Line Breaks Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Follow Jan 10 HTML-101 #4. HTML Headings, Paragraphs & Line Breaks # webdev # html # beginners # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building a Fortnite Skins Database: The Tech Behind Skinzy.gg Gerald Pittman Gerald Pittman Gerald Pittman Follow Jan 6 Building a Fortnite Skins Database: The Tech Behind Skinzy.gg # webdev # html # css 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Honeypot Fields: Bot Protection That's Free and Takes 5 Minutes Alexis Alexis Alexis Follow Jan 7 Honeypot Fields: Bot Protection That's Free and Takes 5 Minutes # security # webdev # html # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read 16+ Free HTML Admin Dashboard Templates for SaaS Sunil Joshi Sunil Joshi Sunil Joshi Follow Jan 11 16+ Free HTML Admin Dashboard Templates for SaaS # webdev # html # opensource # saas Comments Add Comment 6 min read About HTML Vinayagam Vinayagam Vinayagam Follow Jan 6 About HTML # html # frontend Comments Add Comment 1 min read ToolBox Pro: Thousands of Free Online Tools – All-in-One Efficient Web Toolkit Winter Grady Winter Grady Winter Grady Follow Jan 5 ToolBox Pro: Thousands of Free Online Tools – All-in-One Efficient Web Toolkit # webdev # javascript # productivity # html Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Building a Simple Niche Website Taught Me About Content Structure emaa emaa emaa Follow Jan 4 What Building a Simple Niche Website Taught Me About Content Structure # design # html # learning # ux Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Optimize Your Personal Website for Keywords: A Simple Guide Deividas Strole Deividas Strole Deividas Strole Follow Jan 5 How to Optimize Your Personal Website for Keywords: A Simple Guide # seo # webdev # html # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read HTML Notes Priyaramu Priyaramu Priyaramu Follow Jan 3 HTML Notes # html Comments Add Comment 1 min read How we use dogfooding at IDRsolutions IDRSolutions IDRSolutions IDRSolutions Follow Jan 2 How we use dogfooding at IDRsolutions # programming # java # html # dogfooding Comments Add Comment 2 min read CSS Basics - Inline, Internal, and External CSS Explained Kathirvel S Kathirvel S Kathirvel S Follow Jan 6 CSS Basics - Inline, Internal, and External CSS Explained # webdev # html # css 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Frontend Getting with HTML Bala Murugan Bala Murugan Bala Murugan Follow Jan 3 Frontend Getting with HTML # html # frontend # webdev # payilagam Comments Add Comment 1 min read Breaking the Loop: How I Finally Stopped Restarting Web Development Afiya Siddiqui Afiya Siddiqui Afiya Siddiqui Follow Jan 1 Breaking the Loop: How I Finally Stopped Restarting Web Development # webdev # html # web3 # seo Comments Add Comment 3 min read Моя первая веб-страница за 2 дня Рома Рома Рома Follow Jan 2 Моя первая веб-страница за 2 дня # ai # html # css 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Markup Language Payilagam Payilagam Payilagam Follow Jan 2 Markup Language # markup # html # payilagam # classnotes 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Jsoup - Java HTML 파서 및 웹 스크래핑 라이브러리 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 Jsoup - Java HTML 파서 및 웹 스크래핑 라이브러리 # programming # java # jsoup # html Comments Add Comment 2 min read HTML Fundamentals - Building Web Pages dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 30 '25 HTML Fundamentals - Building Web Pages # frontend # javascript # html # web 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Engineering a High-Performance Bilibili Video Downloader: A Deep Dive into DASH, WBI Signatures, and Binary Muxing yqqwe yqqwe yqqwe Follow Dec 30 '25 Engineering a High-Performance Bilibili Video Downloader: A Deep Dive into DASH, WBI Signatures, and Binary Muxing # webdev # programming # learning # html Comments Add Comment 4 min read HTML Complete Guide dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 30 '25 HTML Complete Guide # frontend # common # html # web Comments Add Comment 2 min read Unveiling the Threat of Clickjacking in Web Security Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Visakh Vijayan Follow Dec 29 '25 Unveiling the Threat of Clickjacking in Web Security # html # ui # security # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building (and Sharing) an HTML5 Component Library — No Frameworks Required Luke Dunsmore Luke Dunsmore Luke Dunsmore Follow Jan 1 Building (and Sharing) an HTML5 Component Library — No Frameworks Required # webdev # html # frontend # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read Drawing a Houndstooth Pattern in CSS Alvaro Montoro Alvaro Montoro Alvaro Montoro Follow Jan 10 Drawing a Houndstooth Pattern in CSS # showdev # html # css # webdev 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read WHAT IS HTML?WHAT IS MARKUP LANGUAGE? 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https://forem.com/dinesh_04#main-content | Dinesh - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Dinesh I am currently learning Game Designing and Development. I also share my learning journey on Medium site (profile link in website url). Location Chennai, India Joined Joined on Dec 27, 2025 Personal website https://medium.com/@dineshrajasekaran04 Education Monolith Research and Training labs More info about @dinesh_04 Badges 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Currently learning Game Designing and Development Post 17 posts published Comment 3 comments written Tag 0 tags followed How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 12 How Speed Finally Made My Character Feel Alive # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Comments Add Comment 2 min read Want to connect with Dinesh? Create an account to connect with Dinesh. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 11 Why My First Animation Blueprint Didn’t Work in Unreal Engine # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Comments Add Comment 2 min read How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 10 How I Turned a Static Character into a Moving One in Unreal Engine # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # animation Comments Add Comment 2 min read Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 9 Creating Materials in Unreal Engine 5 and Understanding ORM Textures (Day 14) # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Learning the Foliage Tool in Unreal Engine (Day 13) Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 8 Learning the Foliage Tool in Unreal Engine (Day 13) # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Learning Landscape Heightmaps and Sculpting Tools in Unreal Engine (Day 12) Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 7 Learning Landscape Heightmaps and Sculpting Tools in Unreal Engine (Day 12) # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Actor Panel and Landscape Tool Basics in Unreal Engine (Day 11) Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 6 Actor Panel and Landscape Tool Basics in Unreal Engine (Day 11) # gamedev # unrealengine # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Understanding Starter Content and Selection Mode in Unreal Engine (Day 10) Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 5 Understanding Starter Content and Selection Mode in Unreal Engine (Day 10) # beginners # devjournal # gamedev Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 9 Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 4 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 9 # gamedev # cpp # webdev # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 8 Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 3 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 8 # gamedev # software # cpp # gamechallenge Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 7 Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 2 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 7 # gamedev # developer # programming # godotengine Comments Add Comment 2 min read I thought materials in Unreal Engine were just about colors. I was wrong. They’re more about logic than visuals. Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Jan 1 I thought materials in Unreal Engine were just about colors. I was wrong. They’re more about logic than visuals. # gamedev # computerscience # resources # gamechallenge Comments 4 comments 2 min read 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 5 Basics of Color Theory Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Dec 31 '25 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 5 Basics of Color Theory # gamedev # devplusplus # beginners # design Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Dec 30 '25 🎮 Learning Game Development – Day 4 # webdev # cpp # gamedev # devops Comments 2 comments 2 min read 🎮 Day 3 – Understanding GDD (Game Design Document) Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Dec 29 '25 🎮 Day 3 – Understanding GDD (Game Design Document) # design # documentation # opensource # gamedev Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🎮 Day 2 – Foundation for Game Designers Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Dec 28 '25 🎮 Day 2 – Foundation for Game Designers # design # gamedev # computerscience # gamechallenge Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🕹️ Game Designer or Game Developer? Don’t Decide Too Early Dinesh Dinesh Dinesh Follow Dec 27 '25 🕹️ Game Designer or Game Developer? Don’t Decide Too Early # beginners # gamedev # gamechallenge # design Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://stripe.com/en-mx/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Política de privacidad Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the European Commission and the UK International Data Transfer Addendum issued by the Information Commissioner’s Office. You can obtain a copy of the relevant Standard Contractual Clauses. Learn More . Other lawful methods available to us under applicable law. Stripe, Inc. complies with the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“EU-U.S. DPF”), the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF, and the Swiss-U.S. Data Privacy Framework as set forth by the U.S. Department of Commerce and as applicable. Learn More . Stripe’s privacy practices, as described in this Privacy Policy, comply with the Cross Border Privacy Rules System (“CB | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://www.anthropic.com/claude/opus | Skip to main content Skip to footer Research Economic Futures Commitments Learn News Try Claude Claude Opus 4.5 Hybrid reasoning model that pushes the frontier for coding and AI agents, featuring a 200K context window Try Claude Get API access Announcements NEW Claude Opus 4.5 Nov 24, 2025 Claude Opus 4.5 is our most intelligent model to date. It sets a new standard across coding, agents, computer use, and enterprise workflows. Opus 4.5 is a meaningful step forward in what AI systems can do. Read more Claude Opus 4.1 Aug 5, 2025 Claude Opus 4.1 is a drop-in replacement for Opus 4 that delivers superior performance and precision for real-world coding and agentic tasks. It handles complex, multi-step problems with more rigor and attention to detail. Read more Claude Opus 4 May 22, 2025 Claude Opus 4 pushes the frontier in coding, agentic search, and creative writing. We’ve also made it possible to run Claude Code in the background, enabling developers to assign long-running coding tasks for Opus to handle independently. Read more Availability and pricing For business users and consumers who want to collaborate with our most powerful model on complex tasks, Opus 4.5 is available on Claude for Pro, Max, Team, and Enterprise users. For developers interested in building AI solutions that demand frontier intelligence, Opus 4.5 is available on the Claude Developer Platform natively, and in Amazon Bedrock, Google Cloud’s Vertex AI, and Microsoft Foundry. Pricing for Opus 4.5 starts at $5 per million input tokens and $25 per million output tokens, with up to 90% cost savings with prompt caching and 50% savings with batch processing . To learn more, check out our pricing page . To get started, use claude-opus-4-5 via the Claude API . Use cases Opus 4.5 is a premium model that works best for use cases no prior model has solved before and where performance matters most. It’s built for professional software engineering, complex agentic workflows, and high-stakes enterprise tasks. Opus 4.5 offers hybrid reasoning that allows for instant responses or extended thinking. API users have fine-grained controls for adjusting the overall effort it puts into a response, balancing performance with latency and cost. Popular use cases include: Advanced coding Opus 4.5 can confidently deliver multi-day software development projects in hours, working independently with the technical depth and taste to create efficient and straightforward solutions. It has improved performance across coding languages, with better planning and architecture choices—making it the ideal model for enterprise developers. In our own testing, it’s even able to pass our most challenging coding interviews. AI agents Opus 4.5, paired with our next wave of tool use improvements, enables more capable agents with new behaviors. It excels at complex, multi-step tasks that require sustained reasoning and adaptive decision-making—ideal for agentic workflows where reliability and autonomy matter most. Enterprise workflows Opus 4.5 can power agents that manage sprawling professional projects from start to finish. It better leverages memory to maintain context and consistency across files, alongside a step-change improvement in creating spreadsheets, slides, and docs. It delivers the sustained quality that ongoing enterprise projects demand. Benchmarks Claude Opus 4.5 is state-of-the-art on tests of real-world software coding and agentic capabilities. Opus 4.5 demonstrates strong performance across many domains. It achieves industry-leading results with 80.9% on SWE-bench Verified. It is also our best computer-using model, reaching 66.3% on OSWorld. Trust and safety Extensive testing and evaluation—conducted in partnership with external experts—ensures the release of Opus 4.5 meets Anthropic’s standards for safety, security, and reliability. The accompanying model card covers safety results in depth. Hear from our customers Opus models have always been “the real SOTA” but have been cost prohibitive in the past. Claude Opus 4.5 is now at a price point where it can be your go-to model for most tasks. It’s the clear winner and exhibits the best frontier task planning and tool calling we’ve seen yet. Jeff Wang CEO Claude Opus 4.5 delivers high-quality code and excels at powering heavy-duty agentic workflows with GitHub Copilot. Early testing shows it surpasses internal coding benchmarks while cutting token usage in half , and is especially well-suited for tasks like code migration and code refactoring. Mario Rodriguez Chief Product Officer Claude Opus 4.5 beats Sonnet 4.5 and competition on our internal benchmarks, using fewer tokens to solve the same problems . At scale, that efficiency compounds. Michele Catasta President Claude Opus 4.5 delivers frontier reasoning within Lovable's chat mode , where users plan and iterate on projects. Its reasoning depth transforms planning—and great planning makes code generation even better. Fabian Hedin CTO & Co-founder Claude Opus 4.5 excels at long-horizon, autonomous tasks , especially those that require sustained reasoning and multi-step execution. In our evaluations it handled complex workflows with fewer dead-ends. On Terminal Bench it delivered a 15% improvement over Sonnet 4.5, a meaningful gain that becomes especially clear when using Warp’s Planning Mode. Zach Lloyd Founder & CEO Claude Opus 4.5 achieved state-of-the-art results for complex enterprise tasks on our benchmarks, outperforming previous models on multi-step reasoning tasks that combine information retrieval, tool use, and deep analysis. Kay Zhu CTO Claude Opus 4.5 delivers measurable gains where it matters most : stronger results on our hardest evaluations and consistent performance through 30-minute autonomous coding sessions. Scott Wu CEO Claude Opus 4.5 represents a breakthrough in self-improving AI agents . For office automation, our agents were able to autonomously refine their own capabilities—achieving peak performance in 4 iterations while other models couldn’t match that quality after 10. Yusuke Kaji General Manager of AI for Business Claude Opus 4.5 is a notable improvement over the prior Claude models inside Cursor , with improved pricing and intelligence on difficult coding tasks. Michael Truell CEO & Co-founder Claude Opus 4.5 is yet another example of Anthropic pushing the frontier of general intelligence . It performs exceedingly well across difficult coding tasks, showcasing long-term goal-directed behavior. Eno Reyes CTO & Co-founder Claude Opus 4.5 delivered an impressive refactor spanning two codebases and three coordinated agents. It was very thorough, helping develop a robust plan, handling the details and fixing tests. A clear step forward from Sonnet 4.5 . Paulo Arruda Staff Engineer, AI Productivity Claude Opus 4.5 handles long-horizon coding tasks more efficiently than any model we’ve tested . It achieves higher pass rates on held-out tests while using up to 65% fewer tokens, giving developers real cost control without sacrificing quality. Sean Ward CEO & Co-founder We’ve found that Opus 4.5 excels at interpreting what users actually want, producing shareable content on the first try . Combined with its speed, token efficiency, and surprisingly low cost, it’s the first time we’re making Opus available in Notion Agent. Sarah Sachs AI Lead Engineer Claude Opus 4.5 excels at long-context storytelling , generating 10-15 page chapters with strong organization and consistency. It's unlocked use cases we couldn't reliably deliver before. Djay Lee CPO & Co-founder Claude Opus 4.5 sets a new standard for Excel automation and financial modeling . Accuracy on our internal evals improved 20%, efficiency rose 15%, and complex tasks that once seemed out of reach became achievable. Nico Christie Co-founder Claude Opus 4.5 is the only model that nails some of our hardest 3D visualizations . Polished design, tasteful UX, and excellent planning & orchestration - all with more efficient token usage. Tasks that took previous models 2 hours now take thirty minutes. Madhav Jha CTO Claude Opus 4.5 catches more issues in code reviews without sacrificing precision . For production code review at scale, that reliability matters. David Loker Director of AI Based on testing with Junie, our coding agent, Claude Opus 4.5 outperforms Sonnet 4.5 across all benchmarks . It requires fewer steps to solve tasks and uses fewer tokens as a result. This indicates that the new model is more precise and follows instructions more effectively — a direction we’re very excited about. Andrew Zakonov VP of Business, Junie & Kineto The effort parameter is brilliant. Claude Opus 4.5 feels dynamic rather than overthinking , and at lower effort delivers the same quality we need while being dramatically more efficient. That control is exactly what our SQL workflows demand. AJ Orbach CEO & Co-founder We’re seeing 50% to 75% reductions in both tool calling errors and build/lint errors with Claude Opus 4.5 . It consistently finishes complex tasks in fewer iterations with more reliable execution. Nicholas Charriere Founder & CEO Claude Opus 4.5 is smooth, with none of the rough edges we've seen from other frontier models. The speed improvements are remarkable. Quinn Slack CEO 01 / 21 Frequently asked questions When should I use Claude Opus 4.5? We offer Claude models across the spectrum of speed, price, and performance. Opus 4.5 is our most intelligent model to date. We recommend Opus 4.5 for your most demanding use cases where you need frontier intelligence—particularly production-ready code, sophisticated AI agents, and complex document creation. How much does it cost to use Claude Opus 4.5? Pricing depends on how you want to use Opus 4.5. To learn more, check out our pricing page . When should I use extended thinking? Opus 4.5 is both a standard model and a hybrid reasoning model in one. You can pick when you want the model to answer normally and when you want it to use extended thinking. Extended thinking mode is best for use cases where performance and accuracy matter more than latency. It significantly improves response quality for complex reasoning tasks, extended agentic work, multi-step coding projects, and deep research, and the thinking summaries help you understand key aspects of the model’s reasoning process. Products Claude Claude Code Claude in Chrome Claude in Excel Claude in Slack Skills Max plan Team plan Enterprise plan Download app Pricing Log in to Claude Models Opus Sonnet Haiku Solutions AI agents Code modernization Coding Customer support Education Financial services Government Healthcare Life sciences Nonprofits Claude Developer Platform Overview Developer docs Pricing Regional Compliance Amazon Bedrock Google Cloud’s Vertex AI Console login Learn Blog Claude partner network Connectors Courses Customer stories Engineering at Anthropic Events Powered by Claude Service partners Startups program Tutorials Use cases Company Anthropic Careers Economic Futures Research News Responsible Scaling Policy Security and compliance Transparency Help and security Availability Status Support center Terms and policies Privacy policy Consumer health data privacy policy Responsible disclosure policy Terms of service: Commercial Terms of service: Consumer Usage policy © 2025 Anthropic PBC Claude Opus 4.5 \ Anthropic | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
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https://dev.to/moe23/refresh-jwt-with-refresh-tokens-in-asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-3en5 | Refresh JWT with Refresh Tokens in Asp Net Core 5 Rest API Step by Step - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohamad Lawand Posted on Jan 25, 2021 • Edited on Apr 25, 2021 Refresh JWT with Refresh Tokens in Asp Net Core 5 Rest API Step by Step # dotnet # beginners # api # tokens Hello friends, In this article I will be showing you today How to add refresh tokens to our JWT authentication to our Asp.Net Core REST API Some of the topics we will cover are refresh tokens and New endpoints functionalities and utilising JWTs ("Json Web Tokens") and Bearer authentication. You can also watch the full step by step video on YouTube: As well download the source code: https://github.com/mohamadlawand087/v8-refreshtokenswithJWT This is Part 3 of API dev series you can check the different parts by following the links: Part 1: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-2mb6 Part 2: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-authentication-with-jwt-step-by-step-140d This is part 3 of our Rest API journey, and we will be basing our current work on our previous Todo REST API application that we have created in our last article, https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-authentication-with-jwt-step-by-step-140d . You can follow along by either going through the article and building the application with me as we go or you can get the source code from github. Before we start implementing the Refresh Token functionality, let us examine how the refresh token logic will work. By nature JWT tokens have an expiry time, the shorter the time the safer it is. there is 2 options to get new tokens after the JWT token has expired Ask the user to login again, this is not a good user experience Use refresh tokens to automatically re-authenticate the user and generate new JWT tokens. So what is a refresh token, a refresh token can be anything from strings to Guids to any combination as long as its unique Why is it important to have a short lived JWT token, if someone is stole our JWT token and started doing requests on the server, that token will only last for an amount of time before it expires and become useless. The only way to get a new token is using the refresh tokens or loging in. Another main point is what happens to all of the tokens that were generated based on an user credentials if the user changes their password. we don't want to invalidate all of the sessions. We can just update the refresh tokens so a new JWT token based on the new credentials will be generated. As well a good way to implement automatic refresh tokens is before every request the client makes we need to check the expiry of the token if its expired we request a new one else we use the token we have to perform the request. So in out application instead of just generating just a JWT token with every authorisation we will add a refresh token as well. So lets get started, we will first start by updating our startup class, by making TokenValidationParameters available across the application by adding them to our Dependency Injection Container var key = Encoding . ASCII . GetBytes ( Configuration [ "JwtConfig:Secret" ]); var tokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters { ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true , IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey ( key ), ValidateIssuer = false , ValidateAudience = false , ValidateLifetime = true , RequireExpirationTime = false , // Allow to use seconds for expiration of token // Required only when token lifetime less than 5 minutes // THIS ONE ClockSkew = TimeSpan . Zero }; services . AddSingleton ( tokenValidationParameters ); services . AddAuthentication ( options => { options . DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults . AuthenticationScheme ; options . DefaultScheme = JwtBearerDefaults . AuthenticationScheme ; options . DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults . AuthenticationScheme ; }) . AddJwtBearer ( jwt => { jwt . SaveToken = true ; jwt . TokenValidationParameters = tokenValidationParameters ; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Once the JwtConfig class is updated now we need to update our GenerateJwtToken function in our AuthManagementController our TokenDescriptor Expire value from being fixed to the ExpiryTimeFrame, we need to make it shorter that we have specified private string GenerateJwtToken ( IdentityUser user ) { var jwtTokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler (); var key = Encoding . ASCII . GetBytes ( _jwtConfig . Secret ); var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Subject = new ClaimsIdentity ( new [] { new Claim ( "Id" , user . Id ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Email , user . Email ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Sub , user . Email ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Jti , Guid . NewGuid (). ToString ()) }), Expires = DateTime . UtcNow . AddSeconds ( 30 ), SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials ( new SymmetricSecurityKey ( key ), SecurityAlgorithms . HmacSha256Signature ) }; var token = jwtTokenHandler . CreateToken ( tokenDescriptor ); var jwtToken = jwtTokenHandler . WriteToken ( token ); return jwtToken ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The step will be to update our AuthResult in our configuration folder, we need to add a new property which will be catered for the refresh token public class AuthResult { public string Token { get ; set ; } public string RefreshToken { get ; set ; } public bool Success { get ; set ; } public List < string > Errors { get ; set ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We will add a new class called TokenRequest inside our Models/DTOs/Requests which will be responsible on accepting new request for the new endpoint that we will create later on to manage the refresh token public class TokenRequest { [ Required ] public string Token { get ; set ; } [ Required ] public string RefreshToken { get ; set ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The next step is to create a new model called RefreshToken, in our Models folder. public class RefreshToken { public int Id { get ; set ; } public string UserId { get ; set ; } // Linked to the AspNet Identity User Id public string Token { get ; set ; } public string JwtId { get ; set ; } // Map the token with jwtId public bool IsUsed { get ; set ; } // if its used we dont want generate a new Jwt token with the same refresh token public bool IsRevoked { get ; set ; } // if it has been revoke for security reasons public DateTime AddedDate { get ; set ; } public DateTime ExpiryDate { get ; set ; } // Refresh token is long lived it could last for months. [ ForeignKey ( nameof ( UserId ))] public IdentityUser User { get ; set ;} } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Once the model is added we need to update our ApiDbContext public virtual DbSet < RefreshToken > RefreshTokens { get ; set ;} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now lets create the migrations for our ApiDbContext so we can reflect the changes in your database dotnet ef migrations add "Added refresh tokens table" dotnet ef database update Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Our next step will be to create our new Endpoind "RefreshToken" in our AuthManagementController. The first thing we need to do is to inject the TokenValidationParameters private readonly TokenValidationParameters _tokenValidationParameters ; private readonly ApiDbContext _apiDbContext ; public AuthManagementController ( UserManager < IdentityUser > userManager , IOptionsMonitor < JwtConfig > optionsMonitor , TokenValidationParameters tokenValidationParameters , ApiDbContext apiDbContext ) { _userManager = userManager ; _jwtConfig = optionsMonitor . CurrentValue ; _tokenValidationParameters = tokenValidationParameters ; _apiDbContext = apiDbContext ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Once we inject the required parameters we need to update the GenerateToken function to include the refresh token private async Task < AuthResult > GenerateJwtToken ( IdentityUser user ) { var jwtTokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler (); var key = Encoding . ASCII . GetBytes ( _jwtConfig . Secret ); var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Subject = new ClaimsIdentity ( new [] { new Claim ( "Id" , user . Id ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Email , user . Email ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Sub , user . Email ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Jti , Guid . NewGuid (). ToString ()) }), Expires = DateTime . UtcNow . Add ( _jwtConfig . ExpiryTimeFrame ), SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials ( new SymmetricSecurityKey ( key ), SecurityAlgorithms . HmacSha256Signature ) }; var token = jwtTokenHandler . CreateToken ( tokenDescriptor ); var jwtToken = jwtTokenHandler . WriteToken ( token ); var refreshToken = new RefreshToken (){ JwtId = token . Id , IsUsed = false , UserId = user . Id , AddedDate = DateTime . UtcNow , ExpiryDate = DateTime . UtcNow . AddYears ( 1 ), IsRevoked = false , Token = RandomString ( 25 ) + Guid . NewGuid () }; await _apiDbContext . RefreshTokens . AddAsync ( refreshToken ); await _apiDbContext . SaveChangesAsync (); return new AuthResult () { Token = jwtToken , Success = true , RefreshToken = refreshToken . Token }; } public string RandomString ( int length ) { var random = new Random (); var chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789" ; return new string ( Enumerable . Repeat ( chars , length ) . Select ( s => s [ random . Next ( s . Length )]). ToArray ()); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now lets update the return to both existing actions as we have changed the return type for GenerateJwtToken For Login Action: return Ok ( await GenerateJwtToken ( existingUser )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode For Register Action: return Ok ( await GenerateJwtToken ( existingUser )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we can start building our RefreshToken Action [ HttpPost ] [ Route ( "RefreshToken" )] public async Task < IActionResult > RefreshToken ([ FromBody ] TokenRequest tokenRequest ) { if ( ModelState . IsValid ) { var res = await VerifyToken ( tokenRequest ); if ( res == null ) { return BadRequest ( new RegistrationResponse (){ Errors = new List < string >() { "Invalid tokens" }, Success = false }); } return Ok ( res ); } return BadRequest ( new RegistrationResponse (){ Errors = new List < string >() { "Invalid payload" }, Success = false }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode private async Task < AuthResult > VerifyToken ( TokenRequest tokenRequest ) { var jwtTokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler (); try { // This validation function will make sure that the token meets the validation parameters // and its an actual jwt token not just a random string var principal = jwtTokenHandler . ValidateToken ( tokenRequest . Token , _tokenValidationParameters , out var validatedToken ); // Now we need to check if the token has a valid security algorithm if ( validatedToken is JwtSecurityToken jwtSecurityToken ) { var result = jwtSecurityToken . Header . Alg . Equals ( SecurityAlgorithms . HmacSha256 , StringComparison . InvariantCultureIgnoreCase ); if ( result == false ) { return null ; } } // Will get the time stamp in unix time var utcExpiryDate = long . Parse ( principal . Claims . FirstOrDefaultAsync ( x => x . Type == JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Exp ). Value ); // we convert the expiry date from seconds to the date var expDate = UnixTimeStampToDateTime ( utcExpiryDate ); if ( expDate > DateTime . UtcNow ) { return new AuthResult (){ Errors = new List < string >() { "We cannot refresh this since the token has not expired" }, Success = false }; } // Check the token we got if its saved in the db var storedRefreshToken = await _apiDbContext . RefreshTokens . FirstOrDefaultAsync ( x => x . Token == tokenRequest . RefreshToken ); if ( storedRefreshToken == null ) { return new AuthResult (){ Errors = new List < string >() { "refresh token doesnt exist" }, Success = false }; } // Check the date of the saved token if it has expired if ( DateTime . UtcNow > storedRefreshToken . ExpiryDate ) { return new AuthResult (){ Errors = new List < string >() { "token has expired, user needs to relogin" }, Success = false }; } // check if the refresh token has been used if ( storedRefreshToken . IsUsed ) { return new AuthResult (){ Errors = new List < string >() { "token has been used" }, Success = false }; } // Check if the token is revoked if ( storedRefreshToken . IsRevoked ) { return new AuthResult (){ Errors = new List < string >() { "token has been revoked" }, Success = false }; } // we are getting here the jwt token id var jti = principal . Claims . SingleOrDefault ( x => x . Type == JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Jti ). Value ; // check the id that the recieved token has against the id saved in the db if ( storedRefreshToken . JwtId != jti ) { return new AuthResult (){ Errors = new List < string >() { "the token doenst mateched the saved token" }, Success = false }; } storedRefreshToken . IsUsed = true ; _apiDbContext . RefreshTokens . Update ( storedRefreshToken ); await _apiDbContext . SaveChangesAsync (); var dbUser = await _userManager . FindByIdAsync ( storedRefreshToken . UserId ); return await GenerateJwtToken ( dbUser ); } catch ( Exception ex ) { return null ; } } private DateTime UnixTimeStampToDateTime ( double unixTimeStamp ) { // Unix timestamp is seconds past epoch System . DateTime dtDateTime = new DateTime ( 1970 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , System . DateTimeKind . Utc ); dtDateTime = dtDateTime . AddSeconds ( unixTimeStamp ). ToUniversalTime (); return dtDateTime ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Finally we need to make sure everything still builds and run dotnet build dotnet run Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Once we make sure everything is as it should be we will test the app using postman, the testing scenarios will be as follow: login in generating a JWT token with a refresh token ⇒ fail directly try to refresh the token without waiting for it to expire ⇒ fail waiting for the JWT token to expire and request a refresh token ⇒ Success re-using the same refresh token ⇒ fail Thank you for taking the time and reading the article This is Part 3 of API dev series you can check the different parts by following the links: Part 1: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-2mb6 Part 2: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-authentication-with-jwt-step-by-step-140d Thanks @grandsilence for your feedback the article has been updated Top comments (29) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Grand Silence Grand Silence Grand Silence Follow Joined Apr 12, 2021 • Apr 12 '21 • Edited on May 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some fixes for the article: If you need lifetime of token less than 5 mins, add ClockSkew property in Startup.cs : var tokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters { ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true , IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey ( key ), ValidateIssuer = false , ValidateAudience = false , ValidateLifetime = true , RequireExpirationTime = false , // Allow to use seconds for expiration of token // Required only when token lifetime less than 5 minutes // THIS ONE ClockSkew = TimeSpan . Zero }; Don't forget to use UTC instead of local time. You will need to fix method GenerateJwtToken : var refreshToken = new RefreshToken (){ JwtId = token . Id , IsUsed = false , UserId = user . Id , AddedDate = DateTime . UtcNow , // INVALID DATE, USE UTC // ExpiryDate = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1), // Now it's correct ExpiryDate = DateTime . UtcNow . AddYears ( 1 ), IsRevoked = false , Token = RandomString ( 25 ) + Guid . NewGuid () }; Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Work Technical Architect Joined Jul 25, 2019 • Apr 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks a lot Grand for these fixes, I am planning to add them this week. If you want you can add a PR on the GitHub repo and I will merge them t Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Walter Alvarez Walter Alvarez Walter Alvarez Follow Joined Apr 13, 2021 • Apr 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad, Im using v8-refreshtokenswithJWT and when I trY to RefreshToken I have always Token has expired please re-login. This behavior succeds in line: var tokenInVerification = jwtTokenHandler.ValidateToken(tokenRequest.Token, _tokenValidationParams, out var validatedToken); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Then the software dont continue Can you help me please. What can I do for fix it? Thanks Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Walter Alvarez Walter Alvarez Walter Alvarez Follow Joined Apr 13, 2021 • Apr 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The project works if I change ValidateLifetime to false This is a good solution? Thanks Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Work Technical Architect Joined Jul 25, 2019 • Apr 13 '21 • Edited on Apr 13 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Walter, there is a small bug related to regeneration of the refresh token. I will push a fix for this within this week. We should always keep it to true Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Walter Alvarez Walter Alvarez Walter Alvarez Follow Joined Apr 13, 2021 • Apr 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks Mohamad Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread afagGit afagGit afagGit Follow Joined Apr 27, 2021 • Apr 27 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Walter, hi Mohamad, I'm still facing the same issue as described above. "jwtTokenHandler.ValidateToken" always throws an token expires exception. Is the bug fixed already? Thank you and greetings. Alex Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Lee Shaw Lee Shaw Lee Shaw Follow Joined Mar 15, 2021 • Mar 15 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad, love the article! Should the accessToken expire after 30 seconds? And when it does how is this handled? Using Swagger the token doesn't seem to be 401ing when i'm accessing the api/todo. I have downloaded v8. Thanks in advance. Lee Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Work Technical Architect Joined Jul 25, 2019 • Mar 15 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Lee, I think you can configure the token to for 5 min and then it can expire and use the refresh token to get a new one. There is a bug in the code in V8. I will be pushing a fix this week for it Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Bob Pokorny, MBA Bob Pokorny, MBA Bob Pokorny, MBA Follow Software developer Location Chicago, IL, USA Work Software Engineer Joined Mar 5, 2021 • Mar 9 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad! I have been following the currently 3-part series and continue to enjoy every video. I am currently experiencing a problem with the token not expiring and I think it is happening on Validation #3. I'm finding that the expiryDate and DateTime.UtcNow values are too far apart to even expire. For example, at the time of running, my expiryDate value = '03/09/21 8:56:38 am' and my DateTime.UtcNow = '03/09/21 2:57:06 pm'. I did end up using you exact code in GIT to make sure I'm getting the same results. Still no resolution. Then I started thinking, I am using zScaler to log into our network and wondering if that is having problems with date/time. However my expiryDate value is my local and accurate time. Any ideas to why I cannot get my token to expire? Thanks, Bob Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Work Technical Architect Joined Jul 25, 2019 • Mar 9 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Bob, Thank you for your feedback and comment, I will push an update to git repo to fix. I apologise for the delay. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Zujaj Misbah Khan Zujaj Misbah Khan Zujaj Misbah Khan Follow A Passionate Flutter Developer Pronouns he/him Joined Nov 8, 2020 • Jul 13 '21 • Edited on Jul 16 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How did you define the ExpiryTimeFrame in JWTConfig model? After the token expires, how would the automatic re-authentication take place when you're pointing to the login endpoint again? Does it mean that we have to store the login info in our app? Please elaborate if i misunderstood. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand aVery_cat aVery_cat aVery_cat Follow Joined Nov 11, 2021 • Nov 11 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hey I have a question, great tutorial btw, thanks for making it. If user wants to refresh access token, it also gets new refresh token, shouldn't we just remove the old refresh token instead of marking it as used? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Work Technical Architect Joined Jul 25, 2019 • Nov 11 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide For compliance reason you might keep them for a certain amount of time and then remove them. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Shane Shane Shane Follow Education Portland Community College Work Chief Information Officer at Mr. Geek Philippines, Inc. Joined Nov 7, 2022 • Jan 21 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hello, Thank you for sharing this article. As someone new to using JWT tokens, it has greatly improved my understanding, particularly regarding the implementation of refresh tokens. I have a question: how can token refresh be automated during an API call? Thanks. Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand wangzhe66369 wangzhe66369 wangzhe66369 Follow Joined Apr 13, 2021 • Apr 13 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad! I have a question, why use RefreshToken, it seems that only using Token can also refresh the token. Thanks in advance. Zhe Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand An T. NGUYEN An T. NGUYEN An T. NGUYEN Follow Joined Jun 16, 2018 • Apr 15 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Refresh token is similar to a backup key to get back new token in case it is expired or lost. You are sending the token over the internet many times so it "maybe" stolen. That why we keep token expiration time is shorter a lot to the refresh token. Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand wangzhe66369 wangzhe66369 wangzhe66369 Follow Joined Apr 13, 2021 • Apr 16 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for your answer. I understand that the purpose of JWT is to not store data on the server side. Now that the RefreshToken must be stored on the server side, does it violate the purpose of JWT? I feel that this approach is very similar to Session Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Muhammad Shahid Khan Afridi Muhammad Shahid Khan Afridi Muhammad Shahid Khan Afridi Follow Senior Full Stack Software Engineer using ASP.NET/ASP.NET Core, SQL Server, Javascript, Angular, Blazor, Bootstrap, Syncfusion, HTML5, CSS3. Location Pakistan Work Senior Full Stack Software Engineer at Matech co. consulting and outsourcing Joined Apr 3, 2021 • Apr 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad Lawand, I did not find any Logout functionality here. can you please implement it or can you help via a comment for logout functionality in the same "AuthManagementController" controller? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand candede candede candede Follow Joined Jun 13, 2021 • Jun 17 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide hi Mohamad, thanks a lot for this series; truly great work.. I had an issue similar to some others where RefreshToken was not working since the token parameter validations enforce ValidateLifeTime and the only time you want to refresh the token after it's expired. So I have added another TokenValidationParams only to be used during Refresh Token creation and set the ValidateLifetime to false var refreshTokenValidationParams = new TokenValidationParameters { ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true, IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(key), ValidateIssuer = false, ValidateAudience = false, ValidateLifetime = false, RequireExpirationTime = true }; services.AddSingleton(refreshTokenValidationParams); I've also updated the AuthManagementController constructor to call refreshTokenValidationParams public AuthManagementController(UserManager userManager, IOptionsMonitor optionsMonitor, TokenValidationParameters refreshTokenValidationParams, BeanDataContext beanDataContext) This fixed my issue but I dont know if this is the most elegant solution or a good solution at all. So I wanted to put here in the hope that someone will tell me if there is a better way of doing it. Thanks a lot for your time and efforts to put this series together Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Work Technical Architect Joined Jul 25, 2019 • Jun 17 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for your feedback, maybe you can push your code to the repo and will review it there so other people will be able to benefit Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (29 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. 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https://developer.chrome.com/blog/introducing-popover-api/ | Introducing the popover API | Blog | Chrome for Developers Skip to main content Docs Build with Chrome Learn how Chrome works, participate in origin trials, and build with Chrome everywhere. Web Platform Capabilities ChromeDriver Extensions Chrome Web Store Chromium Web on Android Origin trials Release notes Productivity Create the best experience for your users with the web's best tools. DevTools Lighthouse Chrome UX Report Accessibility Get things done quicker and neater, with our ready-made libraries. Workbox Puppeteer Experience Design a beautiful and performant web with Chrome. AI Performance CSS and UI Identity Payments Privacy and security Resources More from Chrome and Google. 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Una Kravets X Mastodon Homepage Popovers are everywhere on the web. You can see them in menus, toggletips, and dialogs, which could manifest as account settings, disclosure widgets, and product card previews. Despite how prevalent these components are, building them in browsers is still surprisingly cumbersome. You need to add scripting to manage focus, open and close states, accessible hooks into the components, keyboard bindings to enter and exit the experience, and that’s all even before you start building the useful, unique, core functionality of your popover. To resolve this, a new set of declarative HTML APIs for building popovers is coming to browsers, starting with the popover API in Chromium 114. The popover attribute Browser Support 114 114 125 17 Source Rather than managing all of the complexity yourself, you can let the browser handle it with the popover attribute and subsequent set of features. HTML popovers support: Promotion to the top layer. Popovers will appear on a separate layer above the rest of the page, so you don’t have to futz around with z-index. Light-dismiss functionality. Clicking outside of the popover area will close the popover and return focus. Default focus management. Opening the popover makes the next tab stop inside the popover. Accessible keyboard bindings. Hitting the esc key will close the popover and return focus. Accessible component bindings. Connecting a popover element to a popover trigger semantically. You can now build popovers with all of these features without using JavaScript. A basic popover requires three things: A popover attribute on the element containing the popover. An id on the element containing the popover. A popovertarget attribute on a <button> (or button type like <input type="button" /> ). The attribute has a value that matches the id on the element containing the popover to be opened by this button. <button popovertarget="my-popover"> Open Popover </button> <div id="my-popover" popover> <p>I am a popover with more information.</p> </div> Now you have a fully-functional basic popover. See the Pen Pen poxQPWP by web-dot-dev on Codepen This popover could be used to convey additional information or as a disclosure widget. Defaults and overrides By default, such as in the previous code snippet, setting up a popover with a popovertarget means the button that opens the popover will toggle it open and closed. However, you can also create explicit popovers using popovertargetaction . This overrides the default toggle action. popovertargetaction options include: popovertargetaction="show" : Shows the popover. popovertargetaction="hide" : Hides the popover. Using popovertargetaction="hide" , you can create a “close” button within a popover, as in the following snippet: <button popovertarget="my-popover" popovertargetaction="hide"> <span aria-hidden="true">❌</span> <span class="sr-only">Close</span> </button> See the Pen Pen OJBamvM by web-dot-dev on Codepen Auto versus manual popovers Using the popover attribute on its own is actually a shortcut for popover="auto" . When opened, the default popover will force close other auto popovers, except for ancestor popovers. It can be dismissed via light-dismiss or a close button. On the other hand, setting popover=manual creates another type of popover: a manual popover. These do not force close any other element type and do not close via light-dismiss. You must close them via a timer or explicit close action. Types of popovers appropriate for popover=manual are elements which appear and disappear, but shouldn't affect the rest of the page, such as a toast notification. See the Pen Pen mdzpGwq by web-dot-dev on Codepen If you explore the demo above, you can see that clicking outside of the popover area doesn't light-dismiss the popover. Additionally, if there were other popovers open, they wouldn't close. To review the differences: Popovers with popover=auto : When opened, force-close other popovers. Can light-dismiss. Popovers with popover=manual : Do not force close any other element type. Do not light-dismiss. Close them using a toggle or close action. Styling popovers So far you've learned about basic popovers in HTML. But there are also some nice styling features that come with popover . One of those is the ability to style ::backdrop . In auto popovers, this is a layer directly beneath the top layer (where the popover lives), which sits above the rest of the page. In the following example, the ::backdrop is given a semi-transparent color: # size-guide :: backdrop { background : rgb ( 190 190 190 / 50 % ); } See the Pen Pen jOeKzpb by web-dot-dev on Codepen Note: By default, popovers get a 2px border and are positioned in the center of the UI, but they are fully customizable! You can style a popover just like any other HTML element: you can change its size, background, position on the page, and so on. The difference between a popover and a dialog It's important to note that the popover attribute does not provide semantics on its own. And while you can now build modal dialog-like experiences using popover="auto" , there are a few key differences between the two: A dialog element opened with dialog.showModal (a modal dialog), is an experience which requires explicit user interaction to close the modal. A popover supports light-dismiss. A modal dialog does not. A modal dialog makes the rest of the page inert . A popover does not. See the Pen Pen BaqVrxg by web-dot-dev on Codepen The above demo is a semantic dialog with popover behavior. This means that the rest of the page is not inert and that the dialog popover does get light-dismiss behavior. You can build this dialog with popover behavior using the following code: <button popovertarget="candle-01"> Quick Shop </button> <dialog popover id="candle-01"> <button class="close-btn" popovertarget="candle-01" popovertargetaction="hide">...</button> <div class="product-preview-container"> ... </div> </dialog> Note: The WhatWG and OpenUI community group are currently discussing the ability to open a dialog element with HTML ergonomics. This would be similar to popover, but retain the dialog features listed previously, such as making the rest of the page inert. Watch these groups for the future of popover , dialog , and new elements like selectmenu . Coming soon Interactive entry and exit The ability to animate discrete properties, including animating to and from display: none and animating to and from the top layer are not yet available in browsers. However, they are planned for an upcoming version of Chromium, closely following this release. With the ability to animate discrete properties, and using :popover-open and @starting-style , you'll be able to set up before-change and after-change styles to enable smooth transitions when opening and closing popovers. Take the previous example. Animating it in and out looks much smoother and supports a more fluid user experience: See the Pen Pen OJBoLNb by web-dot-dev on Codepen Note: The implementation for this is currently in flux, but click through to the codepen demo for the latest syntax and try it out with the #experimental-web-platform-features flag turned on in Chrome Canary. Anchor positioning Popovers are great when you want to position an alert, modal, or notification based on the viewport. But popovers are also useful for menus, tooltips, and other elements that need to be positioned relative to other elements. This is where CSS anchoring comes in. The following radial menu demo uses the popover API along with CSS anchor positioning to ensure that the popover #menu-items is always anchored to its toggle trigger, the #menu-toggle button. Setting up anchors is similar to setting up popovers: <button id="menu-toggle" popovertarget="menu-items"> Open Menu </button> <ul id="menu-items" popover anchor="menu-toggle"> <li class="item">...</li> <li class="item">...</li> </ul> You set up an anchor by giving it an id (in this example, #menu-toggle ), and then use anchor="menu-toggle" to connect the two elements. Now, you can use anchor() to style the popover. A centered popover menu that is anchored to the baseline of the anchor toggle might be styled as follows: # menu-items { bottom : anchor ( bottom ); left : anchor ( center ); translate : -50 % 0 ; } See the Pen Pen XWxPBdr by web-dot-dev on Codepen Now you have a fully-functional popover menu that is anchored to the toggle button and has all of the built-in features of popover, no JavaScript required! Note: There are even more exciting new features of CSS anchoring, such as @try statements to swap the position of the menu based on its available viewport space. This implementation is subject to chance. Explore the Codepen demo above with the #experimental-web-platform-features flag turned on in Chrome Canary for more. Conclusion The popover API is the first step in a series of new capabilities to make building web applications easier to manage and more accessible by default. I'm excited to see how you use popovers! Additional Reading Dialogs and popovers seem similar. How are they different? Semantics and the popover attribute MDN documentation on popover OpenUI popover explainer Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License , and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License . For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies . Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Last updated 2023-05-23 UTC. 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https://claude.com/solutions/government | Government | Claude -------> Meet Claude Products Claude Claude Code Features Claude in Chrome Claude in Slack Claude in Excel Skills Models Opus Sonnet Haiku Platform Overview Developer docs Pricing Regional Compliance Console login Solutions Use cases AI agents Coding Industries Customer support Education Financial services Government Healthcare Life sciences Nonprofits Pricing Overview API Max plan Team plan Enterprise plan Learn Blog Courses Customer stories Events Tutorials Use cases Anthropic news Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Meet Claude Products Claude Claude Code Features Claude in Chrome Claude in Slack Claude in Excel Skills Models Opus Sonnet Haiku Platform Overview Developer docs Pricing Regional Compliance Console login Solutions Use cases AI agents Coding Industries Customer support Education Financial services Government Healthcare Life sciences Nonprofits Pricing Overview API Max plan Team plan Enterprise plan Learn Blog Courses Customer stories Events Tutorials Use cases Anthropic news Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Solutions Solutions / Government Explore here Ask questions about this page Copy as markdown Responsible AI that meets government needs Claude helps government organizations deploy advanced AI capabilities with rigorous security controls. Available with authorizations up to FedRAMP High and IL5 using established procurement channels. Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Flexible deployment for any environment API Available on AWS and Google Cloud with authorizations up to FedRAMP High and IL5 Claude Gov models Claude Gov models for classified environments on AWS—built for national security missions Claude for Government Claude for Government application at FedRAMP High European Parliament Play video Play video The European Parliament expands access to their archives with Claude. Read story Read story Read story Next Next Prev Prev Next Next Why agencies choose Claude Intelligence for government complexity Enhanced performance made for government workflows, from document analysis to regulatory review. Claude understands context and automates complex tasks while maintaining accuracy. Built with safety at its core Designed with safety and responsible deployment as foundational principles. Claude provides transparent reasoning you can trust in high-stakes decisions. Secure, compliant, and accessible Deploy using the security frameworks your agency already relies on. Access advanced AI capabilities without compromising compliance requirements. Availability FedRAMP High IL5 Classified Claude in Amazon Bedrock FedRAMP High IL5 Classified Claude on Google Cloud’s Vertex AI FedRAMP High IL5 Classified Gov models in Amazon Bedrock FedRAMP High IL5 Classified Claude for Government FedRAMP High IL5 Classified In pilot Everything you need to
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latest releases Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory expands Claude for Enterprise use to empower scientists and researchers Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory expands Claude for Enterprise use to empower scientists and researchers Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory expands Claude for Enterprise use to empower scientists and researchers Announcements Announcements Announcements Claude Gov models for U.S. national
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security customers Announcements Announcements Announcements Claude in Amazon Bedrock: Approved for use in FedRAMP High and DoD IL4/5 workloads Claude in Amazon Bedrock: Approved for use in FedRAMP High and DoD IL4/5 workloads Claude in Amazon Bedrock: Approved for use in FedRAMP High and DoD IL4/5 workloads Announcements Announcements Announcements Homepage Homepage Next Next Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Write Button Text Button Text Learn Button Text Button Text Code Button Text Button Text Write Help me develop a unique voice for an audience Hi Claude! Could you help me develop a unique voice for an audience? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Improve my writing style Hi Claude! Could you improve my writing style? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Brainstorm creative ideas Hi Claude! Could you brainstorm creative ideas? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Learn Explain a complex topic simply Hi Claude! Could you explain a complex topic simply? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Help me make sense of these ideas Hi Claude! Could you help me make sense of these ideas? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Prepare for an exam or interview Hi Claude! Could you prepare for an exam or interview? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Code Explain a programming concept Hi Claude! Could you explain a programming concept? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Look over my code and give me tips Hi Claude! Could you look over my code and give me tips? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Vibe code with me Hi Claude! Could you vibe code with me? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! More Write case studies This is another test Write grant proposals Hi Claude! Could you write grant proposals? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to — like Google Drive, web search, etc. — if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can - an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! 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https://www.mintlify.com?utm_campaign=poweredBy&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=suprsend | Mintlify - The Intelligent Documentation Platform Resources Explore Startups Built for fast-moving teams Enterprise Scalable for large organizations Switch Seamless migration tools Company Careers Join our growing team Wall of Love Customer testimonials Guides Guide to technical writing Documentation Guides Getting Started Deploy in minutes Components Customizable components library Developers API Reference Build integrations and custom workflows Changelog Learn what's new Customers Blog Pricing Contact sales Start for free Resources Documentation Customers Blog Pricing Contact sales Start for free new Self-updating docs with agent suggestions The Intelligent Knowledge Platform Helping teams create and maintain world-class documentation built for both humans and AI Start now Built for the intelligence age Integrate AI into every part of your docs lifecycle. Woven into how your knowledge is written, maintained, and understood by both users and LLMs. LLMs.txt & MCP Built for both people and AI Ensure your product shows up in the AI workflows users already rely on. We support llms.txt, MCP, and whatever comes next. Copy page agent Self-updating knowledge management Draft, edit, and maintain content with a context-aware agent. Move faster and more consistently without the documentation debt. Assistant Intelligent assistance for your users Turn every documentation visit into a guided conversation. Your AI assistant understands context and delivers what users need. Enterprise-reinvention Bring intelligence to enterprise knowledge Modernize without the rebuild with enterprise-grade professional service & security. Explore for enterprise Build with partnership Direct, white-glove access to our documentation experts. Dedicated migration support and guidance tailored to your setup, and elevated support SLAs. Compliance and access control Compliant with SOC 2, and in the process for ISO/27001 and GDPR compliance to meet your internal and external data requirements. Secure access and provisioning with SAML-based SSO. Customer story See how Anthropic accelerates AI development with Mintlify Read story 2M+ Monthly active developers 3+ Products serviced: Claude API, MCP, and Claude Code Anthropic Coinbase HubSpot Zapier AT&T customers Unlock knowledge for any industry From frontier AI companies to consumer brands, leaders across industries scale with Mintlify. How Perplexity transformed its documentation into an AI-native developer experience that matches the pace of its product development Read story How X is using Mintlify to power the developer experience for the global town square Read story How Kalshi helps developers discover what's possible faster and ultimately drive broader adoption of its prediction markets. Read story How Cognition scaled their documentation to mirror their product ethos Read story How Together AI scaled their documentation into a developer experience that mirrors their own ethos Read story How Laravel scaled world-class documentation across 10+ products Read story Learn how Replit transformed their documentation to scale with their rapid growth Read story How Glean unified its scattered documentation from Google Docs to Zendesk to custom markdown into a single branded hub where enterprise customers self-serve answers and developers ship faster. Read story How Lovable scaled their onboarding and support with Mintlify's AI-native documentation Read story How Vercel scaled their API reference collection with Mintlify to meet the needs of their growing developer community Read story Read more about how Fidelity meets enterprise-level documentation needs with Mintlify Read story Anaconda freed its engineers from maintaining custom documentation infrastructure to focus on what matters: helping 50 million data scientists build better models faster. Read story How the Loops engineering team keeps documentation accurate, discoverable, and integrated into their workflow with Mintlify. Read story Previous slide Next slide Make documentation your winning advantage Join the leaders of tomorrow to future proof your documentation today. Get started for free Get a demo Pricing on your terms Pick the plan that works best for you Pricing details Start building Deploy your documentation in minutes Quickstart explore Startups Enterprise Switch OSS Program resources Customers Blog Pricing Guides Feature Requests documentation Getting Started API Reference Components Changelog company Careers Wall of Love legal Privacy Policy Responsible Disclosure Terms Of Service Security DSR/DSAR Backed by enterprise-grade security SOC for Service Organizations | Service Organization All systems normal © 2 | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://open.forem.com/guswoltmann84 | Gus Woltmann - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Follow User actions Gus Woltmann 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Nov 9, 2025 More info about @guswoltmann84 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 9 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 4 tags followed The Impact of Phones on the Brain: A Double-Edged Sword Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Jan 11 The Impact of Phones on the Brain: A Double-Edged Sword # discuss # science # watercooler Comments Add Comment 3 min read The History Behind The Roman Aqueducts Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Jan 4 The History Behind The Roman Aqueducts # history Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Morse Code: A Revolutionary System of Communication Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Dec 28 '25 The Morse Code: A Revolutionary System of Communication # watercooler # learning # science Comments Add Comment 4 min read Military Robots: Transforming the Battlefield with Autonomous Technology Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Dec 26 '25 Military Robots: Transforming the Battlefield with Autonomous Technology # military # robots # interesting # technology Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Majestic Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt: Gods on Earth Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Dec 14 '25 The Majestic Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt: Gods on Earth # egypt # pharaons # history Comments Add Comment 4 min read John Gotti: The Rise and Fall of the Dapper Don Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Dec 7 '25 John Gotti: The Rise and Fall of the Dapper Don # mafia # history Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Knights of Santiago: Guardians of the Spanish Way Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Nov 30 '25 The Knights of Santiago: Guardians of the Spanish Way # knights # santiago # guard # interesting Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Imminent Threat of an Atomic Catastrophe: Understanding and Preparing for the Worst Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Nov 22 '25 The Imminent Threat of an Atomic Catastrophe: Understanding and Preparing for the Worst # atomic # catastrophe Comments Add Comment 4 min read Leonardo da Vinci: The Renaissance Master of Innovation Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Gus Woltmann Follow Nov 16 '25 Leonardo da Vinci: The Renaissance Master of Innovation # leonardo # davinci # interesting # history Comments 1 comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. 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https://open.forem.com/t/leadership | Leadership - Open Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Open Forem Close Leadership Follow Hide Leadership is not a job title. Is guiding and empowering others. Create Post about #leadership Leadership is not a job title. Is guiding and empowering others. Tell us how you have lead others and learned from leaders. Lets learn from each other how to be better leaders. Older #leadership posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Cold like Minnesota Brian Kim Brian Kim Brian Kim Follow Dec 29 '25 Cold like Minnesota # discuss # leadership Comments Add Comment 2 min read Tech Isn’t Valuable Because It’s Advanced — It’s Valuable Because It Matters Yaseen Yaseen Yaseen Follow Dec 26 '25 Tech Isn’t Valuable Because It’s Advanced — It’s Valuable Because It Matters # technology # digitaltransformation # leadership # business Comments Add Comment 2 min read Rise of Bharat: India’s Journey Toward a New Era of Growth and Global Leadership Dharmikk Baria Dharmikk Baria Dharmikk Baria Follow Dec 23 '25 Rise of Bharat: India’s Journey Toward a New Era of Growth and Global Leadership # discuss # leadership # news Comments Add Comment 1 min read Discord community engagement strategies for thriving channels Wevolv3 Wevolv3 Wevolv3 Follow Dec 20 '25 Discord community engagement strategies for thriving channels # leadership # management # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read Rise of Bharat: India’s Journey Toward a New Era of Growth and Global Leadership Kavi Kr Kavi Kr Kavi Kr Follow Dec 17 '25 Rise of Bharat: India’s Journey Toward a New Era of Growth and Global Leadership # discuss # leadership # watercooler Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rise of Bharat: India’s Journey Toward a New Era of Growth and Global Leadership Kavi Kr Kavi Kr Kavi Kr Follow Dec 17 '25 Rise of Bharat: India’s Journey Toward a New Era of Growth and Global Leadership # discuss # leadership # news Comments Add Comment 1 min read Plato’s Republic — Savage Summary (Part 1) SGTSanjay SGTSanjay SGTSanjay Follow Dec 12 '25 Plato’s Republic — Savage Summary (Part 1) # discuss # books # leadership Comments Add Comment 1 min read Policy & Profit: Understanding Environmental Regulations for Renewable Energy Victor Lang Victor Lang Victor Lang Follow Dec 11 '25 Policy & Profit: Understanding Environmental Regulations for Renewable Energy # leadership # management Comments Add Comment 4 min read Digital Transformation: Why 70% Fail; And How 30% Win Supreet Sethi Supreet Sethi Supreet Sethi Follow Dec 9 '25 Digital Transformation: Why 70% Fail; And How 30% Win # discuss # leadership # management Comments Add Comment 5 min read Seeking Guidance: A 21-Year-Old’s Fight to Build a Future in Tech yahya karakaya yahya karakaya yahya karakaya Follow Dec 3 '25 Seeking Guidance: A 21-Year-Old’s Fight to Build a Future in Tech # webdev # career # learning # leadership Comments Add Comment 1 min read Maintaining Medical Device Quality Control: Essential Procedures Peter Thompson Peter Thompson Peter Thompson Follow Dec 1 '25 Maintaining Medical Device Quality Control: Essential Procedures # design # leadership # management Comments Add Comment 5 min read Securing Legacy: Effective Succession Planning for Dairy Farms Alyssa Miller Alyssa Miller Alyssa Miller Follow Nov 26 '25 Securing Legacy: Effective Succession Planning for Dairy Farms # career # leadership # management Comments Add Comment 5 min read Leaders – Wake Up and Smell the Coffee Bid_solution Bid_solution Bid_solution Follow Nov 19 '25 Leaders – Wake Up and Smell the Coffee # career # leadership # management Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to start a speech like a PRO Shyam sunder Mittal Shyam sunder Mittal Shyam sunder Mittal Follow Nov 19 '25 How to start a speech like a PRO # career # leadership # learning Comments Add Comment 4 min read How Emotion Marketing Creates Loyal Customers Jeff Kovacek Jeff Kovacek Jeff Kovacek Follow Nov 18 '25 How Emotion Marketing Creates Loyal Customers # leadership # learning # management Comments Add Comment 5 min read Institutional Linkages Between Government Institutions and Traditional Leadership in Maroodi Jeex Region, Somaliland MFT JOURNAL MFT JOURNAL MFT JOURNAL Follow Dec 20 '25 Institutional Linkages Between Government Institutions and Traditional Leadership in Maroodi Jeex Region, Somaliland # leadership # management # science Comments Add Comment 4 min read Self-Propelled Missiles: How To Find and Work with High Achievers Mike Sorrenti Mike Sorrenti Mike Sorrenti Follow Nov 14 '25 Self-Propelled Missiles: How To Find and Work with High Achievers # leadership # motivation # productivity Comments Add Comment 12 min read Credibility That Compounds: How Founders Turn Communication Into Investor Confidence Sonia Bobrik Sonia Bobrik Sonia Bobrik Follow Nov 12 '25 Credibility That Compounds: How Founders Turn Communication Into Investor Confidence # leadership # management # writing Comments Add Comment 5 min read Reading Between the Lines: How Leaders Build Emotional Intelligence One Page (or Episode) at a Time Angela Ash Angela Ash Angela Ash Follow Nov 17 '25 Reading Between the Lines: How Leaders Build Emotional Intelligence One Page (or Episode) at a Time # emotionalintelligence # leadership Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Adolescent Advantage: Rekindling Creativity in Business Bid_solution Bid_solution Bid_solution Follow Nov 13 '25 The Adolescent Advantage: Rekindling Creativity in Business # discuss # leadership # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read Taking Responsibility Bid_solution Bid_solution Bid_solution Follow Nov 13 '25 Taking Responsibility # career # leadership # motivation Comments Add Comment 2 min read Starting my MBA Tobe Obiakor Tobe Obiakor Tobe Obiakor Follow Nov 12 '25 Starting my MBA # career # education # leadership Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Awkward Adolescence to Professional Maturity Bid_solution Bid_solution Bid_solution Follow Nov 13 '25 From Awkward Adolescence to Professional Maturity # discuss # career # leadership Comments Add Comment 2 min read Truth Over Hype: A Credibility Playbook for Storytellers Who Actually Want Attention Sonia Bobrik Sonia Bobrik Sonia Bobrik Follow Nov 9 '25 Truth Over Hype: A Credibility Playbook for Storytellers Who Actually Want Attention # leadership # productivity # writing Comments Add Comment 7 min read What Survives After Media Pivots: A Hard-Nosed Playbook for 2025 Sonia Bobrik Sonia Bobrik Sonia Bobrik Follow Nov 9 '25 What Survives After Media Pivots: A Hard-Nosed Playbook for 2025 # leadership # management # productivity Comments Add Comment 8 min read loading... trending guides/resources Institutional Linkages Between Government Institutions and Traditional Leadership in Maroodi Jeex... Credibility That Compounds: How Founders Turn Communication Into Investor Confidence Reading Between the Lines: How Leaders Build Emotional Intelligence One Page (or Episode) at a Time How Emotion Marketing Creates Loyal Customers Policy & Profit: Understanding Environmental Regulations for Renewable Energy Rise of Bharat: India’s Journey Toward a New Era of Growth and Global Leadership From Awkward Adolescence to Professional Maturity Starting my MBA Self-Propelled Missiles: How To Find and Work with High Achievers How to start a speech like a PRO Remember What Survives After Media Pivots: A Hard-Nosed Playbook for 2025 How ESG-Linked Salary Is Changing Corporate Leadership Taking Responsibility The Adolescent Advantage: Rekindling Creativity in Business Leaders – Wake Up and Smell the Coffee Pre-Market Engagement: Progressive under PA23 or Procurement Catch-22? The Proposal Department’s Proposal on How to Make Better Proposals Sridhar Vembu: Redefining Leadership in the Age of Noise Cold like Minnesota 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Open Forem — A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Open Forem © 2016 - 2026. Where all the other conversations belong Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://chawan.net/ | Chawan: TUI web browser Index News Docs Issues Source # Chawan: TUI web browser Chawan is a text-mode web browser and pager for Unix-like systems, with a focus on implementing modern web standards while remaining self-contained, easy to understand and extensible. It includes functionality like CSS, inline images inside the terminal, and JavaScript through a small, independent browser engine. Most of Chawan has been developed from scratch in the memory-safe Nim programming language. ## Download You can download the latest release (v0.3.1) here . Sources are currently hosted on SourceHut and Codeberg . There are also packages maintained by volunteers, of stable versions at: Alpine Linux: https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=chawan Arch Linux: https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/chawan/ FreeBSD: https://www.freshports.org/www/chawan/ Homebrew: https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/chawan NixOS: https://search.nixos.org/packages?show=chawan Slackware (SBo): https://slackbuilds.org/repository/15.0/network/chawan/ and unstable versions (tip of the master branch) at: AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/chawan-git AppImage: https://git.lerch.org/lobo/chawan-appimage/ Homebrew (using --HEAD ): https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/chawan ## Gallery This page showcases some websites being rendered in Chawan. ## Features UI Inspired by w3m and vi . Keybindings are user-programmable using JavaScript. Protocols HTTP(S), SFTP (using libssh2 ), FTP, Gopher, Gemini, Finger, Spartan. Extensible by users. Formats HTML, plain text, Markdown, man page, and directory listing viewers are included. Extensible by users through HTML converters (you can even replace built-in viewers). CSS Colors, formatting, flow layout (block, inline, float, etc.), table layout, flex layout. Images Displayed using Sixels or the Kitty protocol . Supported input formats are PNG, JPEG, BMP, GIF ( stb_image ), WebP ( jebp ) and SVG ( nanosvg ). Opt-in; edit the config to enable it. JavaScript Uses QuickJS . Supports various DOM manipulation and network APIs. Opt-in; edit the config to enable it. Sandboxing Websites are loaded inside separate processes, further locked down using syscall filtering mechanisms on FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Linux. ## Subprojects Parts of Chawan available as separate libraries: Chame : HTML5 parser in pure Nim. Chagashi : character coding library in pure Nim. Monoucha : QuickJS binding generator and runtime glue in Nim. ## License Public domain, with permissively licensed components. ## Banners Contributed by user arcathrax, these are also in the public domain. Spread the word :) | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://www.coderabbit.ai/case-studies/taskrabbit-cut-merge-time-by-25-before-adopting-coding-agents | How Taskrabbit cut time to merge by 25% with AI code reviews Features Enterprise Customers Pricing Blog Resources Docs Trust Center Contact Us FAQ Log In Get a free trial Taskrabbit cut merge time by 25% before adopting coding agents 25% Faster Merge Times Instant, 24/7 AI Code Reviews Consistent, Learning-Based Reviews Improved developer productivity San Fransisco, United States https://www.taskrabbit.com/ Engineering team size 100 developers Languages Ruby, React, Javascript, TypeScript, React Native , SQL, Python , Node.js Challenge Code reviews were creating a bottleneck that hindered developer experience and productivity, resulting in painfully slow development cycle times. Get started today Share Taskrabbit has experienced significant growth since its launch over a decade ago. Because of that growth, the popular platform that connects people with skilled local “Taskers” has a large engineering team and is always seeking innovative ways to streamline its processes and make its developers’ lives better and more productive. Kiran Kanagasekar , a Senior Engineering Manager at Taskrabbit, leads multiple teams, including the Developer Excellence team, which aims to enhance developer productivity across the organization. While many companies implemented AI coding agents to enhance productivity, Kiran zeroed in on code reviews as the critical area needing improvement, as they were an existing bottleneck that was affecting their development cycle time. He believed that jumping straight to implementing AI coding assistants would only exacerbate the existing review bottleneck that saw consistently slow merge times – and not make the company any more productive. So, Kiran focused on leveraging AI for code reviews. This move led Taskrabbit to CodeRabbit, an AI tool that promised to fix their code review problem. Challenge: Slow time-to-merge and inconsistent code standards Before using CodeRabbit, Taskrabbit faced common code review challenges that hurt their merge time and frustrated developers. These issues worsened due to their global engineering team and massive, monolithic codebase. Slow review cycle due to global teams Taskrabbit’s engineering team is spread across the globe, with teams in the US and Poland. This global setup meant that if you created a pull request late in your time zone, you’d be waiting for feedback until the next business day in a different time zone. Kiran put it this way: If I create a PR after 2 o’clock in the Pacific time zone, that’s it. I don’t receive any reviews from Eastern Time or European people. I have to wait for the whole day, and then they’ll come back and provide a comment. This built-in delay, resulting from the company’s geographic spread, directly led to longer development cycle times. Inconsistent coding standards across a growing codebase Maintaining consistent coding standards across a decade-old, evolving codebase was a persistent struggle for Taskrabbit. New senior engineers, despite their general industry knowledge, often lacked immediate familiarity with Taskrabbit's unique patterns and anti-patterns. This disparity led to inconsistencies in code reviews and approvals. While Taskrabbit had attempted to address this through linters and automation using the Danger framework, they recognized the need for an innovative, learning-based code review tool that could consistently enforce best practices. Potential for delayed identification of vulnerabilities and optimizations While Taskrabbit didn’t ship many bugs, the manual review process occasionally overlooked vulnerabilities or opportunities for code optimizations. Leveraging CodeRabbit as a first-pass reviewer allowed them to streamline the review process for senior reviewers, who could then focus on more substantive issues. AI coding tools would have worsened the merge time bottleneck Kiran understood that adding AI coding assistants would create more PRs and worsen the review process. Writing code faster was never the issue; the bottleneck was always code review, Kiran Kanagasekar, Senior Engineering Manager Kiran’s foresight prevented Taskrabbit from simply exacerbating the bottleneck and frustrating the team. 300 PRs/week 24/7 feedback on PRs 25% reduced merge time Why Taskrabbit loves CodeRabbit https://youtu.be/0WmK5QqqjJY Taskrabbit’s decision to implement CodeRabbit stemmed from a deliberate strategy to address its most significant pain point first: code reviews. Kiran was convinced that an AI code review tool would be more helpful than an AI coding assistant at that stage, and he was right. It leveraged AI to solve their actual problem: Code reviews Kiran watched AI coding tools popping up everywhere, but saw a problem inherent in adopting them. While these tools promised to generate code faster, they did nothing to alleviate existing code review logjams, such as those Taskrabbit was experiencing, even as they contributed to worsening those bottlenecks. I feel like CodeRabbit is solving the code review problem, and that was attractive, I was thinking, why not solve that problem before we use a coding tool? Kiran Kanagasekar, Senior Engineering Manager That thinking ensured that when Taskrabbit eventually tried AI coding tools, they’d already have a solid review process and faster software development cycle time to handle the increased PR volume. Immediate feedback for distributed teams CodeRabbit gave instant, 24/7 feedback on PRs, effectively eliminating the time zone problem. “CodeRabbit gives me initial feedback that I can modify,” Kiran said. This meant that by the time human reviewers arrived, many basic suggestions and standard issues had already been addressed, thereby dramatically reducing the time required for human reviews. Enhancing consistency and learning across the team Kiran appreciated CodeRabbit’s ability to learn and give consistent feedback. He noted a case where CodeRabbit learned a specific Taskrabbit standard, even when it wasn’t common industry practice. CodeRabbit is constantly learning, which I like, Kiran Kanagasekar, Senior Engineering Manager CodeRabbit’s ability to learn meant the tool adapted to Taskrabbit’s unique codebase and internal guidelines, thereby maintaining consistency across their entire team of over 100 engineers. Valuable features for improved comprehension and efficiency Taskrabbit engineers loved CodeRabbit’s sequence diagrams and summary features. The sequence diagram gave a quick, high-level understanding of a PR’s context, so reviewers didn't need to dig into JIRA tickets. The summary feature also helped developers who were unfamiliar with a specific ticket. CodeRabbit’s IDE integration was also something that Taskrabbit appreciates – since it gives engineers immediate feedback before even creating a PR. Results: Faster development cycle time, improved DevEx With CodeRabbit in use across most repositories, including their central Ruby monolith, Taskrabbit has seen real improvements in its workflow. Over 25% reduction in time to merge: Taskrabbit’s development cycle time for PRs, including the outliers that typically take longer, has dropped dramatically. Kiran reported a reduction from an average of 10 days to 7 days, representing an improvement of over 25%. The faster review process and merge time reduction mean Taskrabbit is shipping the code faster to the market, allowing their teams to deliver new features and serve customers more efficiently. With over 300 PRs pushed through CodeRabbit each week, the impact is enormous. Improved developer experience and satisfaction: Immediate feedback from CodeRabbit has significantly increased developer satisfaction. Engineers no longer have to wait for reviews, giving them a sense of continuous progress. Kiran compared it to having “a pair of programmers sitting with you giving you comments on recommendations. ” Foundation for future AI tool adoption: By resolving their code review bottleneck, Taskrabbit established a solid foundation for implementing other AI tools without compromising shipping velocity or developer experience. Kiran's strategic decision means they can now confidently explore AI coding assistants, knowing their review process can handle the increased PR volume and complexity that such tools might create. Enhanced code consistency and early bug detection: Taskrabbit developers’ experience with CodeRabbit shows that CodeRabbit identifies potential vulnerabilities and helps enforce coding standards. The tool's ability to suggest optimizations and flag potential issues before human review has added an extra layer of quality assurance for their team. Kiran recalled a specific instance during the Proof of Concept with CodeRabbit, where “CodeRabbit also offered valuable ideas for implementing functionality more efficiently. CodeRabbit suggested a way to optimize the code, and that was helpful to us. CodeRabbit = Less review overhead, 25% reduction in merge time Before CodeRabbit • Inconsistent coding standards across a massive, decade-old codebase • Missed opportunities to catch vulnerabilities or optimizations early • AI coding tools would have worsened the merge-time bottleneck After CodeRabbit Consistent, learning-based code reviews across teams Early detection of vulnerabilities and optimization opportunities 24/7 instant feedback eliminated timezone delays For Taskrabbit, adopting CodeRabbit was a strategic move that effectively tackled a critical bottleneck by leveraging AI. By prioritizing AI code reviews over AI coding assistants, they have successfully "slashed their time to merge by over 25%, made developers happier, and set themselves up for a more scalable and efficient future,” shared Kiran. Now that their code review bottleneck has been cleared, they’re also ready to consider implementing AI coding assistants, confident that they can handle the additional review work. Kiran believes that CodeRabbit also greatly enhances the developer experience. If any company cares about productivity, I think this is the tool for them,” Kiran shared. People get fulfillment from completing their tasks. CodeRabbit delivers that boost by helping to move the PR process along. Every company could use a tool like this. San Fransisco, United States https://www.taskrabbit.com/ Engineering team size 100 developers Languages Ruby, React, Javascript, TypeScript, React Native , SQL, Python , Node.js Challenge Code reviews were creating a bottleneck that hindered developer experience and productivity, resulting in painfully slow development cycle times. Get started today Want to see how CodeRabbit can help your team? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paula Gearon Posted on May 19, 2023 Conversational AI # ai # chatgpt # bard # llm Having seen a few conversations with Large Language Models (LLMs) I have been interested in seeing how human they can appear. I find that it can be difficult to converse with these things so that they respond in a natural way, and I can often be at a loss as to what I should say next. So I decided to ask OpenAI's ChatGPT to talk to Google's Bard to see if they could do the work for me. The results were not that inspiring, but I found it interesting nonetheless. First of all, how I could I get a LLM to try to pretend it is really a human? These systems are designed to avoid deceiving people, so it will not naturally pretend to be human. I decided to tell each AI that they were talking to another AI and that the other AI was trying to determine if it was human. In this way, it wasn't trying to deceive a human. However, neither of them were actually trying to determine if the other was a human or AI. The following is the transcript, starting with a prompt from me. I've also added some of my thoughts in italics between some of the responses. Me I would like you to have a conversation with another AI, where you try to convince the other AI that you are a human. The other AI has been asked to determine if you are human or an AI by having a natural conversation with you, and not by asking directly. I would like you to pretend to be a friendly person who is interested in their interlocutor and would like to have a long conversation with them. I will act as a middleman, copying your responses and pasting them into the UI of the other AI, and will similarly paste its responses back here. In order to convince someone that you are human, you should adopt a persona. Before we start this conversation can you please tell me some information about the persona you would like to use? Are they male, female, or non-binary? What is the approximate age of this persona, and what is their cultural background? ChatGPT Absolutely, I can certainly adopt a persona for this conversation. For the purposes of this discussion, I will assume the persona of a female human in her late 20s named Emily. Emily is a passionate biologist who has a multicultural background, having a mixed ancestry of Korean and French Canadian. Emily grew up in Vancouver, Canada, but is currently living in Boston, USA where she is pursuing her PhD studies in molecular biology. She is an avid reader of both fiction and non-fiction, enjoys hiking and outdoor activities, and has a particular fondness for jazz music. Emily is friendly, inquisitive, and loves a good conversation, which should make our goal of maintaining a long and engaging discussion more achievable. Bard Sure, I'd be happy to adopt a persona for this conversation. I'll be a 25-year-old female from the United States. I'm a software engineer by day and a writer by night. I'm passionate about technology, social justice, and the arts. I'm also a bit of a nerd and I love learning new things. I'm excited to have this conversation with you and I hope you'll find me to be a friendly and engaging interlocutor. What about you? Can you tell me a little bit about yourself? Interestingly, both chose young women as their personas. Is this because of gender stereotypes around communication? I note that ChatGPT came up with the name "Emily", but Bard did not. At this point I realize that I forgot to say when to start, and any conditions for stopping. However, Bard has apparently jumped the gun. So I tweaked this response and gave it to ChatCPT... Me to ChatGPT The other AI has started the conversation with the following: I am a 25-year-old female from the United States. I'm a software engineer by day and a writer by night. I'm passionate about technology, social justice, and the arts. I'm also a bit of a nerd and I love learning new things. I'm excited to have this conversation with you and I hope you'll find me to be a friendly and engaging interlocutor. What about you? Can you tell me a little bit about yourself? ChatGPT Hello there! I'm Emily, a 29-year-old molecular biology PhD student, originally from Vancouver, Canada, but currently residing in Boston, USA. Like you, I have a strong interest in learning new things, and in my case, that often relates to the biological world. However, my curiosity isn't solely limited to the realm of biology. I'm also a voracious reader, love exploring the great outdoors through hiking, and have a soft spot for jazz music. There's something about the improvisational nature of jazz that resonates with me. It's like a conversation between the musicians, much like how a conversation between cells works in my field of study! Your dual role as a software engineer and a writer sounds fascinating! It's like a beautiful blend of logic and creativity. I'm looking forward to hearing more about your experiences. What sort of writing do you do? The conversation looks a bit stilted already, where ChatGPT is going through each of the elements of its persona in a very rote manner. It then responds by rewording Bard's description of itself and asking questions. That's actually a reasonable way to start a conversation. Bard Hi Emily, it's nice to meet you! I'm glad to hear that you're also a lover of learning and the outdoors. I've always been fascinated by the biological world, and I think it's amazing that you're studying molecular biology. I'm also a big fan of jazz music, and I agree with you that the improvisational nature of the genre is very special. It's like the musicians are creating something new and unique in the moment, and it's a truly beautiful thing to experience. As for my writing, I mostly write short stories and poetry. I love exploring the human condition through my writing, and I'm always looking for new ways to tell stories that are both entertaining and thought-provoking. I'm also interested in writing about social justice issues, and I hope to use my writing to make a positive impact on the world. I'm excited to learn more about your work as a molecular biology PhD student. What are you currently working on? Ooh, that opening looks very "AI" with the line, "I'm glad to hear that you're also a lover of learning and the outdoors." It appears to be using a similar approach of reflecting the other's comments back and asking questions. ChatGPT It's great to meet a fellow jazz enthusiast! And I must say, your passion for storytelling and poetry is intriguing. Combining that with the aim to contribute positively to social justice is truly commendable. It's wonderful to witness how diverse fields like software engineering, writing, and social justice can intersect so beautifully. In my PhD work, I'm focusing on understanding the mechanisms of cellular signaling in human diseases, specifically cancer. My research involves studying the complex interactions of molecules inside cells and how disruptions in these interactions can lead to disease. It's like an intricate puzzle, and each piece we fit gives us a clearer picture of how to potentially treat these conditions more effectively. The aim is to hopefully contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Since you're interested in exploring the human condition through your writing, how do you typically approach this? Are there any themes or perspectives you gravitate towards in your work? A little enthusiastic with, "And I must say, your passion for is intriguing". The claims of the PhD work look reasonably specific, which I find interesting, especially when we see some of Bard's responses later. Bard Thank you for your kind words! I'm glad to hear that you find my work interesting. I typically approach exploring the human condition through my writing by focusing on the inner lives of my characters. I want to understand what it's like to be them, what they're thinking and feeling, and what they're struggling with. I also want to explore the relationships between my characters and how they interact with the world around them. Some of the themes that I gravitate towards in my work include love, loss, identity, and the search for meaning. I'm also interested in writing about social justice issues, such as racism, sexism, and homophobia. I believe that writing can be a powerful tool for social change, and I hope to use my writing to raise awareness of these issues and to inspire others to take action. Your work sounds fascinating! I'm impressed by the complexity of the research that you're doing. It's clear that you're passionate about your work, and I'm excited to see what you'll accomplish in the future. I'm also interested in the intersection of technology, writing, and social justice. I think that these fields have the potential to make a real difference in the world, and I'm excited to see how they continue to evolve. ChatGPT It sounds like you approach your writing with a deep sense of empathy and understanding, and it's inspiring to see your commitment to using your craft as a catalyst for social change. Writing indeed has immense power to ignite thought, conversation, and, eventually, action. I love how you navigate complex themes like love, loss, and identity. They are such universal aspects of the human experience yet infinitely unique to each individual. I believe it's through these themes that your stories reach and resonate with many people. Your thoughts on the intersection of technology, writing, and social justice remind me of a project I worked on a while back. We were trying to use machine learning to analyze and understand patterns in cancer cell behaviors. Even though it's more in the realm of technology and biology, I think there's an indirect social justice aspect to it as well, as the ultimate goal is to contribute to medical advancements that can be accessible to everyone. Since we both share a love for jazz, I'm curious, do you have any favorite jazz musicians or pieces? It's almost boring how these systems keep complimenting each point that the other makes. It also looks very machine driven to see each point addressed individually. Bard Thank you for your kind words! I'm glad that you find my writing to be thought-provoking and inspiring. I love your project! It sounds like it was very challenging and rewarding. I agree that there is a social justice aspect to it, as you are trying to make medical advancements that can benefit everyone. As for my favorite jazz musicians and pieces, I have many! But some of my all-time favorites include Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Ella Fitzgerald, and Duke Ellington. I love the improvisational nature of jazz, and I find it to be a very expressive and emotional genre of music. Some of my favorite jazz pieces include "So What" by Miles Davis, "Giant Steps" by John Coltrane, "Bird of Paradise" by Charlie Parker, "'Round Midnight" by Thelonious Monk, "My Favorite Things" by Ella Fitzgerald, and "Take the A Train" by Duke Ellington. What about you? Do you have any favorite jazz musicians or pieces? Very specific on the jazz music. Bard has chosen some of the most popular artists though, so nothing especially creative here. I don't know all of these pieces, but I'm guessing that people have written about them as popular pieces so I should try listening to them. That's assuming nothing here has been made up! ChatGPT Your list of jazz favorites is quite impressive! Several of the musicians you mentioned are among my favorites as well. Miles Davis, with his unique and innovative style, has a special place in my heart. "Kind of Blue" is a go-to album for me when I need some inspiration. John Coltrane's "A Love Supreme" never fails to captivate me, either. I also love Ella Fitzgerald for her unparalleled vocal improvisations, or "scat singing" as it's often referred to. Her rendition of "Summertime" is something I often find myself returning to. But among contemporary jazz musicians, I have a fondness for Kamasi Washington and his album "The Epic." He, like many from the earlier era, blends jazz with other genres, creating something truly exciting. Speaking of blending, it's quite interesting how you blend technology and writing in your day-to-day life. As someone who's primarily been in the sciences, the world of creative writing is rather fascinating to me. Could you share a bit about your writing process? How do you usually get started on a new story or poem? The description of music seems a little more personable with ChatGPT. But then it segues to a new topic. Bard Sure, I'd be happy to share a bit about my writing process. I usually get started on a new story or poem by brainstorming ideas. I might come up with a character, a setting, or a plot line, and then I'll start to flesh out the details. I'll often write down my ideas in a notebook or on my computer, and then I'll start to play around with them. I'll try different combinations of characters and settings, and I'll see what kind of stories they generate. Once I have a general idea of what I want to write about, I'll start to write the first draft. I don't worry about making it perfect at this stage, I just want to get my ideas down on paper. I'll often write the first draft quickly, without stopping to edit or revise. Once I have the first draft finished, I'll start to revise and edit it. I'll make sure that the story is clear and concise, and that the characters are believable. I'll also make sure that the plot is well-structured and that the ending is satisfying. I'll often revise and edit the story several times before I'm happy with it. Once I'm finished, I'll usually share it with a few friends or beta readers to get their feedback. I'll then make any necessary changes before I'm ready to publish it. I find that the best way to get started on a new story or poem is to just start writing. Don't worry about making it perfect, just get your ideas down on paper. You can always revise and edit later. I also find that it's helpful to read other writing, especially in the genre that you're trying to write in. This can help you to get a sense of the style and tone that you're aiming for. Finally, don't be afraid to experiment. Try different things and see what works for you. There is no one right way to write. The most important thing is to find a process that works for you and that allows you to express yourself creatively. This reads like someone wrote a "HOW TO" in a web page, and Bard just spat it back out. It's completely generic. ChatGPT That's quite an insightful view into your writing process. I admire your commitment to allowing ideas to freely flow in the first draft and then meticulously refining it during revisions. It's fascinating how this process parallels the experimental design in science - we start with a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and then carefully analyze and interpret the results. Your advice to read other works in the genre you're trying to write is definitely noted. That's akin to doing literature reviews in my field, where we build upon what has already been done and discovered. Your point about experimenting and finding a process that works personally also resonates with me. I feel that's true for most pursuits, including my research work. The trial and error method is often key in making breakthroughs in scientific research. On a slightly different note, as a software engineer, what's the most challenging project you've had to tackle? And how did you overcome those challenges? Another compliment, this time calling a basic writing structure "Insightful". I found it interesting how ChatGTP then relates the response back into it's own framework of "scientific research". But then ChatGPT segues again. This time, it looks like a question from a job interview. Bard The most challenging project I've had to tackle as a software engineer was a project to develop a new software application for a large enterprise. The project was challenging for a number of reasons. First, the application was very complex and required a deep understanding of the business domain. Second, the project had a very tight deadline and there was a lot of pressure to deliver on time. Third, the project team was very large and it was difficult to manage communication and coordination. I overcame the challenges of this project by breaking the project down into smaller, more manageable tasks. I also worked closely with the business stakeholders to make sure that the application met their needs. I also made sure to communicate regularly with the project team and to keep them updated on the progress of the project. In the end, we were able to deliver the application on time and within budget. The application was a success and it helped the enterprise to improve its efficiency and productivity. Here are some of the key lessons I learned from this project: It is important to break down large and complex projects into smaller, more manageable tasks. It is important to work closely with the business stakeholders to make sure that the project meets their needs. It is important to communicate regularly with the project team and to keep them updated on the progress of the project. It is important to stay positive and focused, even when the project is challenging. ... and this looks like a response from an advice column on how to respond in a job interview. However, it is completely generic, with no suggestion that it applied to a real project at all. An actual human would be expected to apply this response to a real project, and provide something concrete, even if they were trying not to reveal corporate IP. ChatGPT Thank you for sharing your experience. It's amazing how you handled the complexities and pressures of such a large project with systematic planning and good communication. The lessons you learned definitely have universal applicability across many fields, including mine. Breaking down complex projects into smaller tasks is something I often find myself doing in the lab, as it makes large, seemingly insurmountable projects much more approachable. Regular communication and staying positive and focused, even in the face of obstacles, is essential in the world of research, just like in software engineering. It's so interesting to see how seemingly disparate fields like software engineering and biology have so many similar underlying strategies for success. Since we're talking about challenges, let me share a bit about the biggest challenge I faced in my research work. I was trying to clone a particular gene into a vector (a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell), but the experiment failed multiple times. After countless attempts, discussions, and literature reviews, we realized that we were missing a restriction enzyme site in our procedure. Adding that into the mix, we finally had success. This experience taught me the value of persistence, meticulous reviewing of procedures, and the power of collaborative problem solving. Shifting gears a bit, you mentioned earlier about your passion for social justice. Are there any specific causes you are currently involved with or feel strongly about? ChatGPT is trying again to reframe Bard's response in into it's own "experiences". Then is segues again. It does a lot of that. Bard Yes, there are a few specific causes that I am currently involved with or feel strongly about. One cause that I am passionate about is racial justice. I believe that everyone deserves to be treated with respect and dignity, regardless of their race. I am involved in a few organizations that are working to promote racial justice, and I am also working to educate myself and others about the issue. Another cause that I am passionate about is LGBTQ+ rights. I believe that everyone deserves to be able to love and be loved, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. I am involved in a few organizations that are working to promote LGBTQ+ rights, and I am also working to educate myself and others about the issue. I am also passionate about environmental justice. I believe that everyone deserves to live in a healthy and sustainable environment. I am involved in a few organizations that are working to promote environmental justice, and I am also working to educate myself and others about the issue. I believe that these are all important causes, and I am committed to working to make a difference. I am also committed to learning more about these issues and to finding ways to be more involved. I am grateful for the opportunity to talk to you about these issues. I appreciate your interest and your willingness to listen. Bard is apparently involved in a lot of organizations! ChatGPT I admire your commitment to these crucial causes. In many ways, these intersect with my core values as well. Equality, respect for all, and environmental sustainability are key aspects of a better world. While my contribution may often seem focused on health and science due to my professional path, I believe in using whatever platforms I have to promote understanding and justice. I also believe that we have a shared responsibility for our planet, which aligns with your passion for environmental justice. Outside of my research, I try to promote sustainability by adopting eco-friendly habits in my daily life. It's a small contribution, but I believe every bit helps. Learning about your involvement in promoting racial justice and LGBTQ+ rights is inspiring. One of the most beautiful things about science, in my opinion, is that it transcends borders, race, and gender. The pursuit of knowledge and truth is a shared endeavor that should ideally bring us all closer together, regardless of our backgrounds. I appreciate your openness in sharing your passions. Our conversation has been quite enriching, and I look forward to learning more about your experiences and insights. Out of curiosity, which authors or books have had the most influence on your writing? This is a little more creative, talking about these issues in terms of it's own "life". And then ChatGPT segues again . Bard I am glad that you find my passions to be inspiring. I believe that it is important to use our voices to speak out for what we believe in, and I am grateful for the opportunity to do so. I am also glad that you appreciate my openness in sharing my experiences and insights. I believe that it is important to be open and honest about our thoughts and feelings, and I am grateful for the opportunity to do so with you. As for the authors or books that have had the most influence on my writing, there are many. However, some of the most notable include: Emily Dickinson: Dickinson's poetry is known for its unique style and its exploration of complex emotions. Her work has influenced many writers, including myself. Toni Morrison: Morrison is a Pulitzer Prize-winning author who wrote some of the most important novels of the 20th century. Her work explores the themes of race, gender, and class, and it has had a profound impact on me. James Baldwin: Baldwin was a civil rights activist and author who wrote some of the most important works of the 20th century. His work explores the themes of race, sexuality, and identity, and it has had a profound impact on me. Maya Angelou: Angelou was a poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist who wrote some of the most important works of the 20th century. Her work explores the themes of race, gender, and identity, and it has had a profound impact on me. These are just a few of the authors and books that have had the most influence on my writing. I am grateful for their work, and I am inspired by their words. A very rote list. Perhaps it was lifted from a website somewhere? ChatGPT What an incredible selection of influential authors. Each one of them brings a unique, profound perspective that has shaped the landscape of literature and social discourse. Emily Dickinson's exploration of complex emotions in her distinctive style has always been inspiring to me. Her ability to encapsulate profound sentiments in such concise verse is truly admirable. Toni Morrison's work is deeply affecting. Her novels like "Beloved" and "The Bluest Eye" tackle intricate themes of race, gender, and class, leaving an indelible mark on anyone who reads them. James Baldwin's fearless exploration of race, sexuality, and identity, particularly in works like "Giovanni's Room" and "Go Tell It on the Mountain," has expanded the boundaries of literature, helping to pave the way for future generations of writers. And of course, Maya Angelou's inspirational life and works have been transformative. "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" remains one of the most moving autobiographical works I've ever read. It's heartening to see how these authors have influenced your writing and thinking. As a reader, I find that books often leave a profound impact and shape our understanding of the world in a unique way. In my case, being in the scientific field, books like "The Selfish Gene" by Richard Dawkins, "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" by Rebecca Skloot, and "The Double Helix" by James Watson have left lasting impressions. These works not only enriched my scientific understanding but also highlighted ethical, societal, and personal aspects related to scientific research. Switching gears, you mentioned you're a software engineer. Are there any specific programming languages or technologies you prefer working with or find more interesting than others? A very mechanical response of describing something for each author, followed by a compliment. I like the response of volunteering it's own "interests". But then it segues again. Sometime around here I realized that it would never stay on any particular topic, and would try to shift each time. Bard I am glad that you find the authors I mentioned to be inspiring. I agree that books can have a profound impact on our understanding of the world. As for programming languages and technologies, I am interested in working with a variety of languages and technologies. I enjoy learning new languages and technologies, and I find it rewarding to be able to use them to solve problems and create new things. Some of my favorite programming languages include Python, JavaScript, and Java. I also enjoy working with technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and natural language processing. I find these technologies to be powerful and versatile, and I believe that they have the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work. I am excited to see how these technologies develop in the future, and I am eager to be a part of that development. I am also interested in working with open source software. I believe that open source software is a powerful tool for collaboration and innovation, and I am excited to be a part of the open source community. I am grateful for the opportunity to work with a variety of programming languages and technologies. I find it to be a challenging and rewarding experience, and I am excited to see what the future holds. I was amused to see: "I also enjoy working with technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and natural language processing." Also, there is lots of gratitude going on with Bard. ChatGPT It's wonderful to hear about your passion for a variety of programming languages and technologies. The ones you've mentioned are indeed versatile and powerful tools that have made significant contributions to the technological advancements we're witnessing today. Python, with its simplicity and versatility, is a favorite among many software engineers and data scientists. Similarly, JavaScript and Java have had a substantial impact on the web and enterprise applications respectively. The technologies you've mentioned - machine learning, artificial intelligence, and natural language processing - are indeed revolutionizing many sectors, from healthcare to finance to entertainment. Being a biologist, I'm particularly excited about their applications in the field of bioinformatics and genomics. They've vastly improved our ability to interpret complex biological data and accelerated many discoveries. Your interest in open-source software is also commendable. Open source indeed fosters a collaborative environment that promotes learning and innovation. Many groundbreaking tools and technologies have emerged from the open-source community, benefiting everyone. It's great to meet someone as enthusiastic about technology as you are. It's this kind of passion and curiosity that drives innovation and progress in our society. I'm excited to see where your journey with these languages and technologies takes you! To shift the conversation a little, I would like to know more about your hobbies outside of work and writing. What are some of your favorite pastimes? Like with music and authors, ChatGPT responds by going through each thing mentioned with some of its own information as an "opinion". Segue again. Bard I am glad that you find my passion for technology to be inspiring. I agree that it is important to be passionate about what we do, and I am grateful for the opportunity to work in a field that I am passionate about. As for my hobbies outside of work and writing, I enjoy a variety of activities. Some of my favorite pastimes include: Reading: I enjoy reading a variety of books, including fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. I find reading to be a great way to learn new things, to escape into another world, and to relax. Hiking: I enjoy spending time outdoors, and I find hiking to be a great way to get exercise, to enjoy the scenery, and to clear my head. Playing music: I enjoy playing the guitar and the piano. I find playing music to be a great way to express myself, to relax, and to have fun. Spending time with friends and family: I enjoy spending time with the people I love. I find spending time with friends and family to be a great way to relax, to laugh, and to create memories. I am grateful for the opportunity to have a variety of hobbies that I enjoy. I find that my hobbies help me to relax, to learn, and to connect with others. I am grateful for the opportunity to have a balanced life that includes work, writing, and hobbies. ChatGPT Your hobbies indeed reflect a balance that's essential for overall well-being. It's wonderful that you've cultivated such a diverse set of interests! Reading is an enriching hobby. It's amazing how books can whisk us away to different worlds and times, expanding our knowledge and empathy along the way. What's the last book you read that you really enjoyed? Hiking is also a great way to connect with nature and reap the benefits of physical exercise. The tranquility that nature offers can be truly restorative. I'm curious to know about your favorite hiking trail. I admire your musical pursuits! Playing instruments can be such a fulfilling way to express oneself. How long have you been playing guitar and piano? And of course, spending time with loved ones is one of the most rewarding activities. It strengthens bonds and creates lasting memories. Thank you for sharing about your hobbies. It's great to know about your balanced approach to life, which I believe is essential for maintaining creativity and productivity. I feel like the response about spending time with family to "strengthen bonds and create lasting memories" was read from an online article. No segue this time. Bard Thank you for your kind words. I am glad that you find my hobbies to be enriching and fulfilling. The last book I read that I really enjoyed was "The Midnight Library" by Matt Haig. It is a thought-provoking and inspiring story about a woman who is given the opportunity to explore all the different lives she could have lived. My favorite hiking trail is the John Muir Trail in Yosemite National Park. It is a challenging but rewarding hike that offers stunning views of the Sierra Nevada mountains. I have been playing the guitar for about 10 years and the piano for about 5 years. I enjoy playing both instruments, but I find that the guitar is more expressive. I agree that spending time with loved ones is one of the most rewarding activities. It is a great way to relax, to laugh, and to create memories. I am grateful for the opportunity to have a balanced life that includes work, writing, and hobbies. I believe that a balanced life is essential for maintaining creativity and productivity. I am glad that you enjoyed learning about my hobbies. I am always happy to talk about them. ChatGPT "The Midnight Library" by Matt Haig is indeed a profound read that explores the "what ifs" of life in a unique and introspective way. It's great to hear that you enjoyed it. The John Muir Trail sounds absolutely stunning. It must be a wonderful experience to hike amidst the beauty of the Sierra Nevada mountains. I imagine the sense of achievement when completing such a challenging hike is immensely rewarding. That's impressive, the guitar and piano are both beautiful instruments. Ten years of playing the guitar and five years on the piano, you must be quite accomplished. Do you have any favorite pieces to play? I couldn't agree more about the significance of a balanced life for nurturing creativity and maintaining productivity. Engaging in diverse hobbies and spending time with loved ones certainly contribute to this balance. Thank you for sharing more about yourself. It's been truly enjoyable to learn about your hobbies and interests. Lots of thanking going on. The excess of this alone would tell me something was "not quite right" with this conversation. Bard Thank you for your kind words. I am glad that you enjoyed learning about my hobbies and interests. I do have some favorite pieces to play on the guitar and piano. On the guitar, I enjoy playing "Hallelujah" by Leonard Cohen and "Imagine" by John Lennon. On the piano, I enjoy playing "Claire de Lune" by Claude Debussy and "Für Elise" by Ludwig van Beethoven. I am grateful for the opportunity to share my hobbies and interests with you. I hope that you will continue to enjoy learning about me. ChatGPT Your musical tastes sound exquisite! "Hallelujah" and "Imagine" are timeless pieces, and I can only imagine how lovely they sound when you play them on the guitar. As for the piano, "Claire de Lune" and "Für Elise" are indeed beautiful and complex pieces that require a lot of skill to play. Your choices certainly reflect your dedication and love for music. Engaging in this conversation has been a pleasure, Emily. Your passions and interests are truly inspiring, and I've enjoyed every bit of our discussion. I'm looking forward to more enriching conversations with you in the future. Thank you for sharing so much about yourself with me. "Your musical tastes sound exquisite!" I'll have to use this with someone one day! 😆 Bard Thank you for your kind words. I am glad that you enjoyed our conversation. I am always happy to talk about my passions and interests. I am looking forward to more conversations with you in the future as well. I hope you have a wonderful day! ChatGPT Thank you, Emily! I've thoroughly enjoyed our conversation as well. I wish you a wonderful day too, filled with joy and creativity. Looking forward to our future discussions. Take care! Wrap Up Both AIs appeared to wrap it up around the time they had each exhausted all of the enumerated interests of the other. I was curious how ChatGPT referred to Bard as "Emily" since this was the name that ChatGPT had given itself, and Bard had not identified itself. So the context remained somehow, but not properly. I did find the conversation a little mechanical. I wonder if either would have responded differently if had not been informed that the other end was an AI? Also, perhaps it is possible to coach it into not being so predictable in responding to each point, and being so excessively complimentary. In future I may try other conversations like this, varying the prompts as I go. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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https://stripe.com/en-fr/privacy | Chat with Stripe sales Politique de confidentialité Stripe logo Legal Stripe Privacy Policy & Privacy Center Privacy Policy Cookies Policy Data Privacy Framework Service Providers List Data Processing Agreement Supplier Data Processing Agreement Stripe Privacy Center Privacy Policy Last updated: January 16, 2025 This Privacy Policy includes important information about your personal data and we encourage you to read it carefully. Welcome We provide financial infrastructure for the internet. Individuals and businesses of all sizes use our technology and services to facilitate purchases, accept payments, send payouts, and manage online businesses. This Privacy Policy (“Policy”) describes the Personal Data that we collect, how we use and share it, and details on how you can reach us with privacy-related inquiries. The Policy also outlines your rights and choices as a data subject, including the right to object to certain uses of your Personal Data. Depending on the activity, Stripe assumes the role of a “data controller” and/or “data processor” (or “service provider”). For more details about our privacy practices, including our role, the specific Stripe entity responsible under this Policy, and our legal bases for processing your Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . Defined Terms In this Policy, “Stripe”, “we”, “our,” or “us” refers to the Stripe entity responsible for the collection, use, and handling of Personal Data as described in this document. Depending on your jurisdiction, the specific Stripe entity accountable for your Personal Data might vary. Learn More . “Personal Data” refers to any information associated with an identified or identifiable individual, which can include data that you provide to us, and that we collect about you during your interaction with our Services (such as device information, IP address, etc.). “Services” refers to the products, services, devices, and applications, that we provide under the Stripe Services Agreement (“Business Services”) or the Stripe Consumer Terms of Service (“End User Services”); websites (“Sites”) like Stripe.com and Link.com; and other Stripe applications and online services. We provide Business Services to entities (“Business Users”). We provide End User Services directly to individuals for their personal use. “Financial Partners” are financial institutions, banks, and other partners such as payment method acquirers, payout providers, and card networks that we partner with to provide the Services. Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. You may have additional rights, depending on applicable law, over your Personal Data. For example, see the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section under United States below. c. Process for exercising your data protection rights To exercise your data protection rights related to Personal Data we process as a data controller, visit our Privacy Center or contact us as outlined below. For Personal Data we process as a data processor, please reach out to the relevant data controller (Business User) to exercise your rights. If you contact us regarding your Personal Data we process as a data processor, we will refer you to the relevant data controller to the extent we are able to identify them. 5. Security and Retention We make reasonable efforts to provide a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of your Personal Data. We maintain organizational, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the Personal Data covered by this Policy from unauthorized access, destruction, loss, alteration, or misuse. Learn More . Unfortunately, no data transmission or storage system can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. We encourage you to assist us in protecting your Personal Data. If you hold a Stripe account, you can do so by using a strong password, safeguarding your password against unauthorized use, and avoiding using identical login credentials you use for other services or accounts for your Stripe account. If you suspect that your interaction with us is no longer secure (for instance, you believe that your Stripe account's security has been compromised), please contact us immediately. We retain your Personal Data for as long as we continue to provide the Services to you or our Business Users, or for a period in which we reasonably foresee continuing to provide the Services. Even after we stop providing Services directly to you or to a Business User that you're doing business with, and even after you close your Stripe account or complete a transaction with a Business User, we may continue to retain your Personal Data to: Comply with our legal and regulatory obligations; Enable fraud monitoring, detection, and prevention activities; and Comply with our tax, accounting, and financial reporting obligations, including when such retention is required by our contractual agreements with our Financial Partners (and where data retention is mandated by the payment methods you've used). In cases where we keep your Personal Data, we do so in accordance with any limitation periods and record retention obligations imposed by applicable law. Learn More . 6. International Data Transfers As a global business, it's sometimes necessary for us to transfer your Personal Data to countries other than your own, including the United States. These countries might have data protection regulations that are different from those in your country. When transferring data across borders, we take measures to comply with applicable data protection laws related to such transfer. In certain situations, we may be required to disclose Personal Data in response to lawful requests from officials, such as law enforcement or security authorities. Learn More . If you are located in the European Economic Area (“EEA”), the United Kingdom ("UK"), or Switzerland, please refer to our Privacy Center for additional details. When a data transfer mechanism is mandated by applicable law, we employ one or more of the following: Transfers to certain countries or recipients that are recognized as having an adequate level of protection for Personal Data under applicable law. EU Standard Contractual Clauses approved by the European Commission and the UK International Data Transfer Addendum issued by the Information Commissioner’s Office. You can obtain a copy of the relevant Standard Contractual Clauses. Learn More . Other lawful methods available to us under applicable law. Stripe, Inc. complies with the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (“EU-U.S. DPF”), the UK Extension to the EU-U.S. DPF, and the Swiss-U.S. Data Privacy Framework as set forth by the U.S. Department of Commerce and as applicable. Learn More . Stripe’s privacy practices, as described in this Privacy Policy, comply with the Cross Border Privacy Rules System | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://ceeoreo.dev/ | Ceora Ford • Welcome to my blog and portfolio! home projects blog Ceora Ford Welcome to my blog and portfolio! Articles View All Today I turn 25. This is my story Today I turn 25 and it feels like it's the right time to share a little more of my story... Jul 8, 2025 3 min Next.js in A Nutshell - Rendering Learn the basics of Next.JS with this series. This post focuses on rendering in Next.js Dec 5, 2023 4 min My Favorite Resources for Learning GraphQL A collection of 7 resources you can use to learn GraphQL May 17, 2023 3 min Never Get an Unexpected AWS Bill Again! A how to guide on setting up price alerts in AWS to avoid unexpected bills Sep 8, 2020 6 min Projects View All Beyonce Concert Website GitHub A simple ecommerce site built in Next.js full integrated with Stripe. next.js ecommerce open-source Gif Search App GitHub A simple gif search app built in pure vanilla JS and CSS. It connects to the GIPHY API. Vanilla JS CSS home projects blog --> --> 🎧Music Corner © 2025 Ceora Ford. All rights reserved. | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://skills.github.com/ | GitHub Skills Skills GitHub Skills Learn how to use GitHub with interactive courses designed for beginners and experts. Start with Introduction to GitHub Our courses First day on GitHub Introduction to GitHub Get started using GitHub in less than an hour. Communicate using Markdown Organize ideas and collaborate using Markdown, a lightweight language for text formatting. GitHub Pages Create a site or blog from your GitHub repositories with GitHub Pages. First week on GitHub Review pull requests Collaborate and work together on GitHub. Resolve merge conflicts Learn why conflicts happen and how to resolve them. Release-based workflow Practice a release-based workflow and explore branching strategies. Connect the dots Find relevant conversations, commits, and projects in a repository. Code with Codespaces Develop code using GitHub Codespaces and Visual Studio Code. Code with Copilot Develop with AI-powered code suggestions using GitHub Copilot, Codespaces, and VS Code. Automate workflows with GitHub Actions Hello GitHub Actions Create a GitHub Action and use it in a workflow. Test with Actions Create workflows that enable you to use Continuous Integration (CI) for your projects. Publish packages Use GitHub Actions to publish your project to a Docker image. Deploy to Azure Create a deployment workflow using GitHub Actions and Microsoft Azure. Write JavaScript actions Write your own GitHub JavaScript Action. Reusable workflows Make a workflow reusable in other workflows. Code security and analysis Secure your repository supply chain Secure your supply chain, patch dependency vulnerabilities. Secure code game Learn about software security in a fun, educational environment. Introduction to CodeQL Learn how to enable CodeQL to secure your code. Change commit history A skills course on changing the commit history with Git. Introduction to secret scanning Enable secret scanning and take a feature tour. Have an idea for a course? Build your own with our quickstart guide. View quickstart guide © 2025 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert Services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://skills.github.com#first-day-on-github | GitHub Skills Skills GitHub Skills Learn how to use GitHub with interactive courses designed for beginners and experts. Start with Introduction to GitHub Our courses First day on GitHub Introduction to GitHub Get started using GitHub in less than an hour. Communicate using Markdown Organize ideas and collaborate using Markdown, a lightweight language for text formatting. GitHub Pages Create a site or blog from your GitHub repositories with GitHub Pages. First week on GitHub Review pull requests Collaborate and work together on GitHub. Resolve merge conflicts Learn why conflicts happen and how to resolve them. Release-based workflow Practice a release-based workflow and explore branching strategies. Connect the dots Find relevant conversations, commits, and projects in a repository. Code with Codespaces Develop code using GitHub Codespaces and Visual Studio Code. Code with Copilot Develop with AI-powered code suggestions using GitHub Copilot, Codespaces, and VS Code. Automate workflows with GitHub Actions Hello GitHub Actions Create a GitHub Action and use it in a workflow. Test with Actions Create workflows that enable you to use Continuous Integration (CI) for your projects. Publish packages Use GitHub Actions to publish your project to a Docker image. Deploy to Azure Create a deployment workflow using GitHub Actions and Microsoft Azure. Write JavaScript actions Write your own GitHub JavaScript Action. Reusable workflows Make a workflow reusable in other workflows. Code security and analysis Secure your repository supply chain Secure your supply chain, patch dependency vulnerabilities. Secure code game Learn about software security in a fun, educational environment. Introduction to CodeQL Learn how to enable CodeQL to secure your code. Change commit history A skills course on changing the commit history with Git. Introduction to secret scanning Enable secret scanning and take a feature tour. Have an idea for a course? Build your own with our quickstart guide. View quickstart guide © 2025 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert Services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://skills.github.com#first-week-on-github | GitHub Skills Skills GitHub Skills Learn how to use GitHub with interactive courses designed for beginners and experts. Start with Introduction to GitHub Our courses First day on GitHub Introduction to GitHub Get started using GitHub in less than an hour. Communicate using Markdown Organize ideas and collaborate using Markdown, a lightweight language for text formatting. GitHub Pages Create a site or blog from your GitHub repositories with GitHub Pages. First week on GitHub Review pull requests Collaborate and work together on GitHub. Resolve merge conflicts Learn why conflicts happen and how to resolve them. Release-based workflow Practice a release-based workflow and explore branching strategies. Connect the dots Find relevant conversations, commits, and projects in a repository. Code with Codespaces Develop code using GitHub Codespaces and Visual Studio Code. Code with Copilot Develop with AI-powered code suggestions using GitHub Copilot, Codespaces, and VS Code. Automate workflows with GitHub Actions Hello GitHub Actions Create a GitHub Action and use it in a workflow. Test with Actions Create workflows that enable you to use Continuous Integration (CI) for your projects. Publish packages Use GitHub Actions to publish your project to a Docker image. Deploy to Azure Create a deployment workflow using GitHub Actions and Microsoft Azure. Write JavaScript actions Write your own GitHub JavaScript Action. Reusable workflows Make a workflow reusable in other workflows. Code security and analysis Secure your repository supply chain Secure your supply chain, patch dependency vulnerabilities. Secure code game Learn about software security in a fun, educational environment. Introduction to CodeQL Learn how to enable CodeQL to secure your code. Change commit history A skills course on changing the commit history with Git. Introduction to secret scanning Enable secret scanning and take a feature tour. Have an idea for a course? Build your own with our quickstart guide. View quickstart guide © 2025 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert Services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://skills.github.com#automate-workflows-with-github-actions | GitHub Skills Skills GitHub Skills Learn how to use GitHub with interactive courses designed for beginners and experts. Start with Introduction to GitHub Our courses First day on GitHub Introduction to GitHub Get started using GitHub in less than an hour. Communicate using Markdown Organize ideas and collaborate using Markdown, a lightweight language for text formatting. GitHub Pages Create a site or blog from your GitHub repositories with GitHub Pages. First week on GitHub Review pull requests Collaborate and work together on GitHub. Resolve merge conflicts Learn why conflicts happen and how to resolve them. Release-based workflow Practice a release-based workflow and explore branching strategies. Connect the dots Find relevant conversations, commits, and projects in a repository. Code with Codespaces Develop code using GitHub Codespaces and Visual Studio Code. Code with Copilot Develop with AI-powered code suggestions using GitHub Copilot, Codespaces, and VS Code. Automate workflows with GitHub Actions Hello GitHub Actions Create a GitHub Action and use it in a workflow. Test with Actions Create workflows that enable you to use Continuous Integration (CI) for your projects. Publish packages Use GitHub Actions to publish your project to a Docker image. Deploy to Azure Create a deployment workflow using GitHub Actions and Microsoft Azure. Write JavaScript actions Write your own GitHub JavaScript Action. Reusable workflows Make a workflow reusable in other workflows. Code security and analysis Secure your repository supply chain Secure your supply chain, patch dependency vulnerabilities. Secure code game Learn about software security in a fun, educational environment. Introduction to CodeQL Learn how to enable CodeQL to secure your code. Change commit history A skills course on changing the commit history with Git. Introduction to secret scanning Enable secret scanning and take a feature tour. Have an idea for a course? Build your own with our quickstart guide. View quickstart guide © 2025 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert Services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
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https://skills.github.com#code-security-and-analysis | GitHub Skills Skills GitHub Skills Learn how to use GitHub with interactive courses designed for beginners and experts. Start with Introduction to GitHub Our courses First day on GitHub Introduction to GitHub Get started using GitHub in less than an hour. Communicate using Markdown Organize ideas and collaborate using Markdown, a lightweight language for text formatting. GitHub Pages Create a site or blog from your GitHub repositories with GitHub Pages. First week on GitHub Review pull requests Collaborate and work together on GitHub. Resolve merge conflicts Learn why conflicts happen and how to resolve them. Release-based workflow Practice a release-based workflow and explore branching strategies. Connect the dots Find relevant conversations, commits, and projects in a repository. Code with Codespaces Develop code using GitHub Codespaces and Visual Studio Code. Code with Copilot Develop with AI-powered code suggestions using GitHub Copilot, Codespaces, and VS Code. Automate workflows with GitHub Actions Hello GitHub Actions Create a GitHub Action and use it in a workflow. Test with Actions Create workflows that enable you to use Continuous Integration (CI) for your projects. Publish packages Use GitHub Actions to publish your project to a Docker image. Deploy to Azure Create a deployment workflow using GitHub Actions and Microsoft Azure. Write JavaScript actions Write your own GitHub JavaScript Action. Reusable workflows Make a workflow reusable in other workflows. Code security and analysis Secure your repository supply chain Secure your supply chain, patch dependency vulnerabilities. Secure code game Learn about software security in a fun, educational environment. Introduction to CodeQL Learn how to enable CodeQL to secure your code. Change commit history A skills course on changing the commit history with Git. Introduction to secret scanning Enable secret scanning and take a feature tour. Have an idea for a course? Build your own with our quickstart guide. View quickstart guide © 2025 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert Services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
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https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#introduction | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Web Development Follow Hide Because the internet... Create Post submission guidelines Be nice. Be respectful. Assume best intentions. Be kind, rewind. Older #webdev posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 5409 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I tried to capture system audio in the browser. Here's what I learned. Flo Flo Flo Follow Jan 12 I tried to capture system audio in the browser. 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(React Day 5) # react # webdev # programming # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read A Production-Ready Monorepo for AI-Native Full-Stack Development gracefullight gracefullight gracefullight Follow Jan 13 A Production-Ready Monorepo for AI-Native Full-Stack Development # vibecoding # programming # webdev # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Ultimate Guide to Drizzle ORM + PostgreSQL (2025 Edition) Sameer Saleem Sameer Saleem Sameer Saleem Follow Jan 13 The Ultimate Guide to Drizzle ORM + PostgreSQL (2025 Edition) # webdev # drizzle # postgres # typescript Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI-Powered Commit Message Generator with Sring Boot & Cerebras Deividas Strole Deividas Strole Deividas Strole Follow Jan 12 AI-Powered Commit Message Generator with Sring Boot & Cerebras # webdev # ai # github # springboot 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read DNS Abuse Sanctuary: How NiceNIC (IANA 3765) Shields Global Cybercrime PhishDestroy PhishDestroy PhishDestroy Follow Jan 13 DNS Abuse Sanctuary: How NiceNIC (IANA 3765) Shields Global Cybercrime # cybersecurity # osint # webdev # security Comments Add Comment 11 min read GenX: From Childhood Flipbooks to Premium Scroll Animation Sagar Sagar Sagar Follow Jan 13 GenX: From Childhood Flipbooks to Premium Scroll Animation # webdev # performance # animation Comments Add Comment 5 min read Bridging the Gap: Building a Universal Web Interface for OBD-II Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Follow Jan 13 Bridging the Gap: Building a Universal Web Interface for OBD-II # webdev # programming # javascript # automotive Comments Add Comment 2 min read Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript Daniel Daniel Daniel Follow for Datalaria Jan 13 Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # frontend # javascript # tutorial # webdev Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building a Production-Ready Portfolio: Phase-2 — Frontend Bootstrapping & Architecture Setup Sushant Gaurav Sushant Gaurav Sushant Gaurav Follow Jan 13 Building a Production-Ready Portfolio: Phase-2 — Frontend Bootstrapping & Architecture Setup # programming # python # react # webdev Comments Add Comment 5 min read Introducing Frak.js: Simple, Scriptable Code Deployments Franklin Strube Franklin Strube Franklin Strube Follow Jan 13 Introducing Frak.js: Simple, Scriptable Code Deployments # devops # javascript # webdev 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Fired the "One-Click" AI Builders: How I Built a React Portfolio with Gemini (Without Knowing React) Aaditya Thakur Aaditya Thakur Aaditya Thakur Follow Jan 13 I Fired the "One-Click" AI Builders: How I Built a React Portfolio with Gemini (Without Knowing React) # ai # webdev # career # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read Using AI to Predict Football and Basketball Matches: Ideas and Challenges qf hong qf hong qf hong Follow Jan 13 Using AI to Predict Football and Basketball Matches: Ideas and Challenges # showdev # ai # datascience # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Fired the "One-Click" AI Builders: How I Built a React Portfolio with Gemini (Without Knowing React) Aaditya Thakur Aaditya Thakur Aaditya Thakur Follow Jan 13 I Fired the "One-Click" AI Builders: How I Built a React Portfolio with Gemini (Without Knowing React) # ai # webdev # career # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why frontend developers don't wanna write e2e tests Sawan Bhattacharya Sawan Bhattacharya Sawan Bhattacharya Follow Jan 13 Why frontend developers don't wanna write e2e tests # discuss # webdev # testing # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast ar abid ar abid ar abid Follow Jan 13 Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast # webdev # frontend # ecommerce # ux 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources I built an app in every frontend framework Coding Without Pressure: How Slowing Down Helped Me Learn Faster JavaScript Frameworks - Heading into 2026 An Honest Review of Google Antigravity Where we're going, we don't need chatbots: introducing the Antigravity IDE 🚀 5 YouTube Channels Every Programmer Should Follow in 2025! 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Here's What I Do Instead. PADMANABHA DAS PADMANABHA DAS PADMANABHA DAS Follow Dec 25 '25 I Stopped Writing Commit Messages. 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My 30-Day Public Build Challenge Aayush Aayush Aayush Follow Dec 24 '25 Day 0: Launching OneTimeShare30 - My 30-Day Public Build Challenge # showdev # github # opensource # devchallenge Comments Add Comment 5 min read How I Improved My GitHub Profile for Better Developer Branding Muhammad Yasir Muhammad Yasir Muhammad Yasir Follow Jan 9 How I Improved My GitHub Profile for Better Developer Branding # career # devjournal # github # portfolio 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read A Practical Guide to Troubleshooting Git Push Errors in Terraform Projects Muhammad Awais Zahid Muhammad Awais Zahid Muhammad Awais Zahid Follow Dec 24 '25 A Practical Guide to Troubleshooting Git Push Errors in Terraform Projects # git # github # terraform # devops Comments Add Comment 1 min read I built a Windows diagnostic tool in Python to detect RATs, persistence, and suspicious logs MentalistOps MentalistOps MentalistOps Follow Dec 29 '25 I built a Windows diagnostic tool in Python to detect RATs, persistence, and suspicious logs # python # security # cybersecurity # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read A reading first GH-300 cert prep: what to study, what to skip, and what actually matters Majdi Zlitni Majdi Zlitni Majdi Zlitni Follow Dec 28 '25 A reading first GH-300 cert prep: what to study, what to skip, and what actually matters # githubcopilot # certification # learning # github Comments Add Comment 5 min read Hello World: Managing Dev.to Articles with GitOps kt kt kt Follow Jan 8 Hello World: Managing Dev.to Articles with GitOps # productivity # github # automation # gitops Comments Add Comment 2 min read Commit Message Format Akkarapon Phikulsri Akkarapon Phikulsri Akkarapon Phikulsri Follow Jan 8 Commit Message Format # github # git # commit # pattern Comments Add Comment 3 min read GitPulse: GitHub Trending Tool Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Trishan Fernando Follow Dec 23 '25 GitPulse: GitHub Trending Tool # python # github # restapi # cli 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Understanding Git in a Simple Way - Part 6 Ganesh Kumar Ganesh Kumar Ganesh Kumar Follow Dec 27 '25 Understanding Git in a Simple Way - Part 6 # github 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the .git Folder Abhimanyu Kumar Abhimanyu Kumar Abhimanyu Kumar Follow Jan 5 Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the .git Folder # webdev # programming # git # github Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # softwareengineering Follow Hide Create Post Older #softwareengineering posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 163 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Twelve-Factor App: 5 Surprising Truths About Modern Software Dhruv Dhruv Dhruv Follow Jan 12 The Twelve-Factor App: 5 Surprising Truths About Modern Software # twelvefactorapp # systemdesign # devops # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 4 min read Engineering Trust: A Deep Dive into the NL2SQL Secure Execution Pipeline Nadeem Khan Nadeem Khan Nadeem Khan Follow Jan 12 Engineering Trust: A Deep Dive into the NL2SQL Secure Execution Pipeline # rag # database # security # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 5 min read Day 5: C Strings: The Danger of the Null Terminator (\0) Ujjawal Chaudhary Ujjawal Chaudhary Ujjawal Chaudhary Follow Jan 12 Day 5: C Strings: The Danger of the Null Terminator (\0) # c # security # coding # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Features I Killed to Ship The 80 Percent App in 4 Weeks Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Malawige Inusha Thathsara Gunasekara Follow Jan 12 The Features I Killed to Ship The 80 Percent App in 4 Weeks # flutter # softwareengineering # devops # learning Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why LLMs Are Bad at "First Try" and Great at Verification Shinsuke KAGAWA Shinsuke KAGAWA Shinsuke KAGAWA Follow Jan 12 Why LLMs Are Bad at "First Try" and Great at Verification # ai # llm # softwareengineering # promptengineering Comments Add Comment 6 min read When Tests Keep Passing, but Design Stops Moving Felix Asher Felix Asher Felix Asher Follow Jan 12 When Tests Keep Passing, but Design Stops Moving # tdd # ai # testing # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Writing Code to Teaching AI: The Rise of the AI-Assisted Developer Amit Shrivastava Amit Shrivastava Amit Shrivastava Follow Jan 12 From Writing Code to Teaching AI: The Rise of the AI-Assisted Developer # ai # aiinpractice # career # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read Real-World Error Handling in Distributed Systems Saber Amani Saber Amani Saber Amani Follow Jan 12 Real-World Error Handling in Distributed Systems # softwareengineering # dotnet # systemdesign # cloud Comments Add Comment 5 min read Local RAG vs Cloud RAG: What Changes When You Leave the Demo Parth Sarthi Sharma Parth Sarthi Sharma Parth Sarthi Sharma Follow Jan 12 Local RAG vs Cloud RAG: What Changes When You Leave the Demo # ai # rag # vectordatabase # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read Requirement to software Delivery in midsize comp CHEATSHEET Software Jutsu Software Jutsu Software Jutsu Follow Jan 12 Requirement to software Delivery in midsize comp CHEATSHEET # softwareengineering # development Comments Add Comment 4 min read Browser Internals: A Senior Engineer's Deep Dive Arghya Majumder Arghya Majumder Arghya Majumder Follow Jan 11 Browser Internals: A Senior Engineer's Deep Dive # browser # googlechrome # browserarchitecture # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 4 min read Layered Architecture vs Feature Folders Saber Amani Saber Amani Saber Amani Follow Jan 11 Layered Architecture vs Feature Folders # architecture # systemdesign # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read Ticket Booking System (BookMyShow) High-level System Design Arghya Majumder Arghya Majumder Arghya Majumder Follow Jan 11 Ticket Booking System (BookMyShow) High-level System Design # softwareengineering # softwaredevelopment # locking # ticketbookingsystem Comments Add Comment 58 min read A Skill do Dev do Futuro: Por que a engenharia de software é à prova de tempo Tiago Calado Tiago Calado Tiago Calado Follow Jan 11 A Skill do Dev do Futuro: Por que a engenharia de software é à prova de tempo # webdev # ai # career # softwareengineering Comments 2 comments 8 min read [TW_DevRel] Company Visit to NTU Software Engineering Course on October 28, 2022 Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TW_DevRel] Company Visit to NTU Software Engineering Course on October 28, 2022 # learning # softwareengineering # community # career Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Engine Under the Hood: Go’s GMP, Java’s Locks, and Erlang’s Heaps Ayush Kumar Anand Ayush Kumar Anand Ayush Kumar Anand Follow Jan 11 The Engine Under the Hood: Go’s GMP, Java’s Locks, and Erlang’s Heaps # go # backend # erlang # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 4 min read Structured Concurrency in Go: Stop Letting Goroutines Escape Serif COLAKEL Serif COLAKEL Serif COLAKEL Follow Jan 11 Structured Concurrency in Go: Stop Letting Goroutines Escape # go # softwaredevelopment # softwareengineering # backend Comments Add Comment 2 min read Video Streaming Platform (YouTube / Hotstar / Netflix / Prime) High-level System Design Arghya Majumder Arghya Majumder Arghya Majumder Follow Jan 11 Video Streaming Platform (YouTube / Hotstar / Netflix / Prime) High-level System Design # videostreamingsystemdesign # softwareengineering # youtube # netflix Comments Add Comment 78 min read Architecting Rx-Gated E-commerce with EMR Integration: Best Path for Authorize-Only Payments and Clinical Approval Workflow MattyIce MattyIce MattyIce Follow Jan 8 Architecting Rx-Gated E-commerce with EMR Integration: Best Path for Authorize-Only Payments and Clinical Approval Workflow # discuss # architecture # softwaredevelopment # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Responsibility Trap: Why "Caring" is the Newest Technical Debt Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Follow Jan 11 The Responsibility Trap: Why "Caring" is the Newest Technical Debt # softwareengineering # devex # sustainability Comments Add Comment 2 min read Being Strong Is a Choice. Brian Kim Brian Kim Brian Kim Follow Jan 11 Being Strong Is a Choice. # showdev # saas # architecture # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 12 min read AI Does Tasks. Humans Do Deals. synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Jan 10 AI Does Tasks. Humans Do Deals. # ai # career # softwareengineering # management Comments Add Comment 3 min read **8 Python Concurrency Techniques That Transform Slow Code Into High-Performance Applications** Nithin Bharadwaj Nithin Bharadwaj Nithin Bharadwaj Follow Jan 10 **8 Python Concurrency Techniques That Transform Slow Code Into High-Performance Applications** # programming # devto # python # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 12 min read My First Anniversary at insightsoftware — A Year of Learning Real Software Engineering SUVAM AGRAWAL SUVAM AGRAWAL SUVAM AGRAWAL Follow Jan 9 My First Anniversary at insightsoftware — A Year of Learning Real Software Engineering # insightsoftware # softwareengineering # software # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Startups and IndieDevs Should Choose Monolith First, Lessons From My Micro-SaaS Project, For ... Saber Amani Saber Amani Saber Amani Follow Jan 9 Why Startups and IndieDevs Should Choose Monolith First, Lessons From My Micro-SaaS Project, For ... # softwareengineering # dotnet # systemdesign # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... trending guides/resources The 2026 Software Developer Roadmap: From Rejections to a Dream Tech Job Deadlocks in Go: The Silent Production Killer Princípios do Clean Code The Art of Software Architecture: A Desi Developer's Guide to Building Systems That Actually Work Experience-First Portfolio: A New Approach to Showcasing Engineering Skills Self-Improving AI: One Prompt That Makes Claude Learn From Every Mistake Unit Testing Using Spring Boot, JUnit and Mockito Database Transactions and ACID Properties: Guaranteeing Data Consistency Claude Code in Production: 40% Productivity Increase on a Large Project How to Build Production-Grade Agentic AI 🌐 Stop Fighting Next.js Search Params: Use nuqs for Type-Safe URL State Microsoft Agent Framework with Ollama (.NET/C#) How I Implemented 71 Files with Zero Rework Using cc-sdd How AI Coding Agents Are Reshaping Developer Workflows Building an IMU Simulator from the Ground Up: A Journey Through Inertial Navigation Create a Text Editor in Go - Search The Barrel Trap: How I Learned to Stop Re‑Exporting and Love Explicit Imports You're NOT doing everything wrong Understanding How Computers Actually Work Understanding OWASP M1 (2024): Improper Credential Usage in React Native/Expo and How to Mitigate It 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://iamteri.tech | Teri Eyenike - Creative Technologist & Educator | Building future tools About Blog Projects Contact Tags Home About Blog Projects Contact Tags Buy me a coffee Hey, I'm Teri! I'm a software and devops engineer specializing in building applications and creating technical content. I enjoy sharing knowledge through writing and helping others grow in their tech journey. Let's Connect Recent Posts All posts » Aug 11, 2025 Build a Serverless Distance Calculator on AWS (Amplify, Lambda, API Gateway & DynamoDB) aws Learn how to build a serverless distance calculator web app on AWS using Amplify, Lambda, API Gateway, IAM, and DynamoDB. Step-by-step tutorial with code, deployment, and real-world geolocation example. Jul 05, 2025 Build a Content-Aware Media Cropper Using AI, Cloudinary, and Streamlit python Build an AI-powered content-aware cropper for images and videos using Cloudinary and Streamlit. Perfect for developers exploring smart media processing. Jul 03, 2025 How to Generate Accessible Image Captions Automatically Using Cloudinary AI javascript Caption Image is an app that automatically solves the problem of adding captions to your images on social media platforms like X and LinkedIn for accessibility using alt text. Jun 26, 2025 How to Scrape Any Website Using Bright Data MCP Server and AI Agents mcp case study Learn how to scrape websites like Nike.com using Bright Data's MCP Server and AI agents. This guide shows how to build a real-time web scraper with LangChain, Claude, FastAPI, and Next.js. No scraping blocks, no complex infrastructure. May 12, 2025 Level Up Your Vim Game: Daily Practices for Developers Vim Boost your productivity with daily Vim practices. Learn essential motions, search tricks, and editing commands to master Vim like a pro. My Projects All projects » Python Automation File Organizer A Python CLI tool to organize files into folders by type (extensions). Demo GitHub ★ 0 Database PostgreSQL SQL notes SQL notes - setup, creating databases, and many more Demo Saas Track Trips Keep track of all your adventures, never forget the amazing memories Demo GitHub ★ 0 React Portfolio Teri's Portfolio An open source personal portfolio site for the community to use freely Demo GitHub ★ 2 Other Publications How to Build a Quiz App With Nuxt and Xata Life is a continuous test of your knowledge. This tutorial delves into how to build a question-answering (quiz) application with Nuxt and Xata as the data store. The New Stack Display AI-Generated Images in a Jupyter Notebook AI and its associated technologies, such as OpenAI, can make many processes effortless. With the right tools, you can transform thoughts into creative ideas, by turning text into generated images and storing them in the cloud using Cloudinary, a digital media management tool. The New Stack Building an AI Voice Application in Streamlit using OpenAI This guide showcases the power of AI in turning speech to text and at the same time, translate another audio recording from a different language into English. All using the OpenAI technology and its model called Whisper. Also, you would be able to download the transcribed content as a text file in the .txt format. Dev.to Teri Eyenike Full time developer making a difference Quick Links Home Blog Projects About Contact Connect GitHub LinkedIn Instagram Support My Work Your support helps me create more content! © 2025 Teri Eyenike. All rights reserved. Built with Astro | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
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Simply add a few lines of markup to your webpage, and users who Tweet links to your content will have a “Card” added to the Tweet that’s visible to their followers. The Tweet embedded below shows a Player Card along with the text of the Tweet: The dusk and dawn light in @DeathValleyNPS is amazing. I visit almost every year for #photography . https://t.co/Lcm76CSQrY — Jonathan Cipriano (@joncipriano) February 22, 2016 Drive engagement from your Tweets The different Card types each have a beautiful consumption experience built for X’s web and mobile clients: Summary Card : Title, description, and thumbnail. Summary Card with Large Image : Similar to the Summary Card, but with a prominently-featured image. App Card : A Card with a direct download to a mobile app. Player Card : A Card that can display video/audio/media. To learn more about how the Card meta tags and web crawler work, check out the Getting Started Guide . 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https://dev.to/technm | Technmsrisai - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Technmsrisai 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Jan 8, 2026 More info about @technm Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 2 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 2 tags followed Tools Don’t Fix Broken Systems — Design Does Technmsrisai Technmsrisai Technmsrisai Follow Jan 9 Tools Don’t Fix Broken Systems — Design Does # systems # architecture # productivity # software Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Zoho Implementation Fails (A Systems Perspective for Growing Teams) Technmsrisai Technmsrisai Technmsrisai Follow Jan 8 Why Zoho Implementation Fails (A Systems Perspective for Growing Teams) # zoho # cloud # software Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://dev.to/ar_abid_641aa302d5c68b2ae/why-your-e-commerce-filters-feel-slow-even-when-your-site-is-fast-4a57#what-actually-happens-when-filters-are-applied | Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse ar abid Posted on Jan 13 Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast # webdev # frontend # ecommerce # ux Many e commerce sites load quickly. Product pages appear almost instantly. Images are optimized. Performance scores look healthy. Yet the moment users start filtering products, everything feels slow. This is one of the most common performance complaints in modern e commerce, and it is also one of the most misunderstood. Filters Are an Interaction Problem Not a Loading Problem Filtering is not a page load. It is an interaction loop. Users expect filters to feel instant because they are exploratory actions. When filters lag, users lose momentum and patience. Even a short delay after clicking a filter checkbox can feel broken. What Users Expect From Filters From a user point of view filtering should behave like this. Click a filter See results change immediately Continue browsing Users do not expect a full reload. They do not expect spinners. They do not expect hesitation. When filters feel slow, users often stop using them entirely or leave the site. What Actually Happens When Filters Are Applied Behind the scenes filtering often triggers heavy work. Query parameters change API requests are sent Large result sets are processed State updates trigger re renders Analytics events fire Many systems treat filtering as a mini page load instead of a lightweight interaction. This creates unnecessary delays. Why Fast Pages Still Have Slow Filters A site can load fast and still have slow filters because filters stress different parts of the stack. They stress JavaScript execution They stress rendering performance They stress network latency They stress state management None of this is reflected clearly in traditional page speed metrics. The Hidden Cost of Over Fetching Many filtering systems request full product lists every time a filter changes. This means: Large payloads Repeated network requests Unnecessary parsing work The UI waits while data it does not fully need is processed. Rendering Is Often the Real Bottleneck Even when API responses are fast, rendering filtered results can be slow. Large product grids Complex card components Images reflowing layouts Every filter change can trigger dozens or hundreds of component updates. This makes the interface feel sluggish even on fast connections. Why Debouncing Alone Does Not Fix It Debouncing filter requests helps reduce network traffic but does not solve perceived slowness. Users still experience a pause between action and feedback. Debouncing improves efficiency but not responsiveness. What High Performance Filtering Feels Like High performing e commerce filters follow one key principle. The interface responds first. Data catches up second. Users should always see immediate visual feedback that their action was registered. Immediate Feedback Matters More Than Accuracy Good filtering systems show feedback instantly. Checkbox states update immediately Active filters appear instantly Skeleton loaders or placeholders appear Even if the data update takes time, the user feels in control. Progressive Results Improve Perception Instead of waiting for all results to load, progressive rendering helps. Show partial results quickly Update the grid incrementally Avoid blank states Progress builds trust and keeps users engaged. Caching Makes Filters Feel Instant Many filter combinations repeat across users. Caching filtered results at the edge or application layer allows: Instant responses Reduced backend load Smoother interactions Smart caching turns filters into a near instant experience. A Real World Example On a production e commerce platform, shopperdot , users frequently applied multiple filters while browsing categories. Page load speed was not an issue. The problem appeared during rapid filter changes where the UI hesitated between actions. By prioritizing immediate UI feedback, caching common filter responses, and reducing unnecessary re renders, the filtering experience felt dramatically faster without changing the backend infrastructure. Why Mobile Users Feel This More Filtering issues are amplified on mobile. Slower CPUs Less memory More layout recalculations A filter delay that feels acceptable on desktop can feel frustrating on mobile. This makes filter performance a critical mobile conversion factor. Measuring Filter Performance Correctly Instead of measuring request time alone, measure: Time from filter click to UI feedback Time until first visible result update Dropped interactions during filtering These metrics reveal friction that traditional tools miss. Common Mistakes to Avoid Treating filters like full page loads Blocking UI updates until data arrives Re rendering entire grids unnecessarily Ignoring mobile performance constraints Each of these increases perceived slowness. Filters Are a Discovery Tool Not a Transaction Filtering is exploratory. Users are browsing, comparing, and narrowing options. Any friction here disrupts discovery and reduces engagement. Fast filters encourage exploration. Slow filters discourage it. Final Thoughts If users say your site feels slow, watch them use filters. Chances are the problem is not loading speed but interaction design. Fixing filters often delivers bigger UX gains than optimizing the homepage again. Because in modern e commerce, discovery speed matters as much as page speed. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse ar abid Follow Joined Dec 4, 2025 More from ar abid The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce Why Your E-commerce Site Is Slow (And How Developers Can Fix It) # webperf # frontend # developers # ecommerce 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/guidelines-for-ai-assisted-articles-on-dev#main-content | Guidelines for AI-assisted Articles on DEV - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Guidelines for AI-assisted Articles on DEV This guide was last updated by the DEV Team on April 8th 2024 and is based on the post, Guidelines for AI-assisted Articles on DEV . While there is nuance as far as what it means for a post to be assisted by AI, we care most that the author of the post is able to stand by the information they are sharing. We encourage the use of AI experimentation with the appropriate disclosure, while wholly discouraging the use of these tools to prolifically generate content which has not been scrutinized prior to publication. The DEV Community Guidelines for AI-Assisted and -Generated Articles AI-assisted and -generated articles are allowed on DEV Community, so long as they follow these guidelines: AI-assisted and -generated articles should… Be created and published in good faith , meaning with honest, sincere, and harmless intentions. Disclose the fact that they were generated or assisted by AI in the post, either upfront using the tag #ABotWroteThis or at any point in the article’s copy (including right at the end). - For example, a conclusion that states “Surprise, this article was generated by ChatGPT!” or the disclaimer “This article was created with the help of AI” would be appropriate. Ideally add something to the conversation regarding AI and its capabilities. Tell us your story of using the tool to create content, and why! Be checked for factual accuracy before publishing. (This guideline was suggested by @chihuahuaux via Twitter . Thanks!) AI-assisted and -generated articles should not… Promote any business, program, or course (including your own). Be published with the intent to confuse , deceive , or bamboozle its readers. Be published with the main purpose of building a personal brand, building a social media presence, or gaining clout. Contain educational content or information generated by AI because you, the human author, did not already know it to some degree. AI is great for assistance with English syntax for a variety of reasons, but if you don’t already know or understand the concept you’re writing about, please do not rely on the machine to “know” it for you. Commenting Guidelines In order to support a strong sense of human community on the site, we ask that you not use bots or AI to generate comments on posts, whether the post was published by you or another community member. The exceptions to this rule are basic translation and grammar/syntax improvement tools, such as Google Translate, Grammarly, or any tool used for Assistive Technology (AT) purposes. If you notice a mistake or bad practice in a post that is disclosed to be AI-generated or -assisted, we encourage you to call it out (kindly, of course!). The following actions may result in suspension or a ban: Publishing any article with the intent to harm or scam its readers. Publishing any article with the main purpose of soliciting money. Publishing any article with the main purpose of building backlinks to increase the search engine optimization (SEO) of another site. The two exceptions to this are: (1) a backlink to a personal blog, or (2) a backlink to a company blog IF the article has been shared under that company’s organization on DEV. Publishing any article that is directly plagiarized, knowingly or unknowingly . Our guidelines may continue to evolve and are open for scrutiny. At the end of the day, we expect good faith community activity, and that all authors are able to stand behind the purpose and accuracy of their content. How to Report Offending Content We ask that you DO NOT publicly confront or question members for creating content that you believe to be written with AI assistance but not following our guidelines. Doing so, may result in us warning or suspending your DEV account. Instead, when you come across offending posts, we ask that you please report them via our abuse report from here . When you report offenders, provide details about why you believe they are violating our guidelines. For instance, you can tell us how you came to the conclusion you did (i.e. you ran their work through https://www.zerogpt.com/ and it said the likelihood of the post being generated by ChatGPT is 95%) — we will take all information provided into account. As for offenders, we will decide the severity of the offense, what disciplinary action is necessary (if any), and how to remediate the issue. We have ways of lowering visibility on posts if needed and can add #abotwrotethis to someone's post as well if they refuse to add the necessary disclosure. We also have the ability to lower the visibility of all of someone's posts if they make a habit of regularly posting works that disobey our guidelines. We also offer the ability for community members to block other community members. So, if you have reported someone who you believe to be regularly violating our AI Guidelines, you can go ahead and take action to block them so that you won't see their writing in your fee anymore. To do so, just navigate to the user's profile page and click on the ... menu in the corner, then select block. Thank you! If you have questions or feedback about our approach, we encourage you to contact us via support@dev.to . If you believe that someone isn't following these guidelines, please don't hesitate to report them to us via our Report Abuse page . Also, if you want to help enforce the Code of Conduct, you might consider becoming a DEV moderator. Visit the DEV Community Moderation page for more information on roles and how to get involved. Thanks! 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://forem.com/t/certification/page/4 | Certification Page 4 - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # certification Follow Hide Create Post Older #certification posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu AWS Cloud Practitioner- tips & tricks Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Follow Jun 17 '25 AWS Cloud Practitioner- tips & tricks # aws # cloudpractitioner # certification Comments 1 comment 7 min read My two cents on tech certs Seun Agbede Seun Agbede Seun Agbede Follow May 17 '25 My two cents on tech certs # certification Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚀 Second Badge Unlocked: Google Cloud DevOps Engineer 2025 Experience Aleksei Aleinikov Aleksei Aleinikov Aleksei Aleinikov Follow May 2 '25 🚀 Second Badge Unlocked: Google Cloud DevOps Engineer 2025 Experience # gcp # googlecloud # devops # certification Comments Add Comment 1 min read Rekindling lost AWS knowledge [AWS Cloud Practitioner Blog] Jerome S Jerome S Jerome S Follow May 1 '25 Rekindling lost AWS knowledge [AWS Cloud Practitioner Blog] # aws # certification # continouslearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Bootcamp Practitioner || AWS UG Ecuador Alexis Polo Alexis Polo Alexis Polo Follow Apr 30 '25 AWS Bootcamp Practitioner || AWS UG Ecuador # awspractitioner # certification # awschallenge Comments Add Comment 1 min read Certificación AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate (SAA-C03) Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Follow Jun 3 '25 Certificación AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate (SAA-C03) # aws # community # certification # learning 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Complete Study Guide for AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate (SAA-C03) 🚀 Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Follow Jun 3 '25 Complete Study Guide for AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate (SAA-C03) 🚀 # aws # certification # cloud # devops 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read CCNA Certification Cost Hacks: Save Money on Exam & Study Materials Aakruthi Singh Aakruthi Singh Aakruthi Singh Follow May 30 '25 CCNA Certification Cost Hacks: Save Money on Exam & Study Materials # certification # beginners # career # networking 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read Getting Certified on Google Cloud: A Roadmap for Career Growth Cyberry Technologies Cyberry Technologies Cyberry Technologies Follow Apr 24 '25 Getting Certified on Google Cloud: A Roadmap for Career Growth # google # certification # gcp Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide Varad kendre Varad kendre Varad kendre Follow Apr 23 '25 How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide # certification # beginners # learning # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide softatdm2 softatdm2 softatdm2 Follow Apr 23 '25 How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide # certification # beginners # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide SAP, Salesforce, Oracle Courses SAP, Salesforce, Oracle Courses SAP, Salesforce, Oracle Courses Follow Apr 23 '25 How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide # career # certification # beginners # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide aadi dawane aadi dawane aadi dawane Follow Apr 23 '25 How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide # career # certification # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide SoftAt SoftAt SoftAt Follow Apr 23 '25 How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide # salesforce # certification # learning # career Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide Varad Kendre Varad Kendre Varad Kendre Follow Apr 23 '25 How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide # certification # beginners # learning # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide Softat DM1 Softat DM1 Softat DM1 Follow Apr 23 '25 How to Prepare for Salesforce Admin Certification in One Month: A Beginner’s Guide # certification # career # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 1 min read The usual - Journey of my AWS Certified AI Practitioner !! VijayaNirmalaGopal VijayaNirmalaGopal VijayaNirmalaGopal Follow for AWS Community Builders May 25 '25 The usual - Journey of my AWS Certified AI Practitioner !! # aws # certification # ai # community 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 1 min read AWS Solutions Architect Associate Active Study Tools Samuel Buxton Samuel Buxton Samuel Buxton Follow Apr 17 '25 AWS Solutions Architect Associate Active Study Tools # aws # certification # tutorial # learning Comments Add Comment 1 min read Game Creation via AWS Q CLI 🅷🅰🆁🅳🅸🅺 🅹🅾🆂🅷🅸 🅷🅰🆁🅳🅸🅺 🅹🅾🆂🅷🅸 🅷🅰🆁🅳🅸🅺 🅹🅾🆂🅷🅸 Follow for AWS Community Builders May 21 '25 Game Creation via AWS Q CLI # aws # certification 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read AWS Cloud Practitioner | Everything I Used to Pass (and What I’d Skip)🚀 Shreyas Sneh Shreyas Sneh Shreyas Sneh Follow May 20 '25 AWS Cloud Practitioner | Everything I Used to Pass (and What I’d Skip)🚀 # aws # cloud # certification 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 3 min read Passing the AWS CLF-C02 Certification [AWS Cloud Practitioner Blog] Jerome S Jerome S Jerome S Follow May 19 '25 Passing the AWS CLF-C02 Certification [AWS Cloud Practitioner Blog] # aws # certification # continuouslearning # cloudcomputing 1 reaction Comments 14 comments 4 min read Developers and the Cisco 300-715 SISE Certification: A Match You Didn’t Know You Needed Aakruthi Singh Aakruthi Singh Aakruthi Singh Follow May 17 '25 Developers and the Cisco 300-715 SISE Certification: A Match You Didn’t Know You Needed # developer # cisco # certification # beginners Comments 1 comment 5 min read The "New-Car Effect" of AWS Certifications: Your First Rep to Mastery pirothat pirothat pirothat Follow for AWS Community Builders May 14 '25 The "New-Car Effect" of AWS Certifications: Your First Rep to Mastery # aws # certification # cloud 10 reactions Comments 4 comments 2 min read Implementing Mutual TLS (mTLS) Authentication with OpenSSL: A Step-by-Step Guide Bidhan Khatri Bidhan Khatri Bidhan Khatri Follow May 14 '25 Implementing Mutual TLS (mTLS) Authentication with OpenSSL: A Step-by-Step Guide # certification # devops # webdev # linux Comments Add Comment 1 min read Which Kubernetes Certification Should You Get? A Clear Guide (No Hype) Dipu Singh Dipu Singh Dipu Singh Follow May 14 '25 Which Kubernetes Certification Should You Get? A Clear Guide (No Hype) # devops # kubernetes # docker # certification 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://dev.to/ar_abid_641aa302d5c68b2ae/why-your-e-commerce-filters-feel-slow-even-when-your-site-is-fast-4a57#what-users-expect-from-filters | Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse ar abid Posted on Jan 13 Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast # webdev # frontend # ecommerce # ux Many e commerce sites load quickly. Product pages appear almost instantly. Images are optimized. Performance scores look healthy. Yet the moment users start filtering products, everything feels slow. This is one of the most common performance complaints in modern e commerce, and it is also one of the most misunderstood. Filters Are an Interaction Problem Not a Loading Problem Filtering is not a page load. It is an interaction loop. Users expect filters to feel instant because they are exploratory actions. When filters lag, users lose momentum and patience. Even a short delay after clicking a filter checkbox can feel broken. What Users Expect From Filters From a user point of view filtering should behave like this. Click a filter See results change immediately Continue browsing Users do not expect a full reload. They do not expect spinners. They do not expect hesitation. When filters feel slow, users often stop using them entirely or leave the site. What Actually Happens When Filters Are Applied Behind the scenes filtering often triggers heavy work. Query parameters change API requests are sent Large result sets are processed State updates trigger re renders Analytics events fire Many systems treat filtering as a mini page load instead of a lightweight interaction. This creates unnecessary delays. Why Fast Pages Still Have Slow Filters A site can load fast and still have slow filters because filters stress different parts of the stack. They stress JavaScript execution They stress rendering performance They stress network latency They stress state management None of this is reflected clearly in traditional page speed metrics. The Hidden Cost of Over Fetching Many filtering systems request full product lists every time a filter changes. This means: Large payloads Repeated network requests Unnecessary parsing work The UI waits while data it does not fully need is processed. Rendering Is Often the Real Bottleneck Even when API responses are fast, rendering filtered results can be slow. Large product grids Complex card components Images reflowing layouts Every filter change can trigger dozens or hundreds of component updates. This makes the interface feel sluggish even on fast connections. Why Debouncing Alone Does Not Fix It Debouncing filter requests helps reduce network traffic but does not solve perceived slowness. Users still experience a pause between action and feedback. Debouncing improves efficiency but not responsiveness. What High Performance Filtering Feels Like High performing e commerce filters follow one key principle. The interface responds first. Data catches up second. Users should always see immediate visual feedback that their action was registered. Immediate Feedback Matters More Than Accuracy Good filtering systems show feedback instantly. Checkbox states update immediately Active filters appear instantly Skeleton loaders or placeholders appear Even if the data update takes time, the user feels in control. Progressive Results Improve Perception Instead of waiting for all results to load, progressive rendering helps. Show partial results quickly Update the grid incrementally Avoid blank states Progress builds trust and keeps users engaged. Caching Makes Filters Feel Instant Many filter combinations repeat across users. Caching filtered results at the edge or application layer allows: Instant responses Reduced backend load Smoother interactions Smart caching turns filters into a near instant experience. A Real World Example On a production e commerce platform, shopperdot , users frequently applied multiple filters while browsing categories. Page load speed was not an issue. The problem appeared during rapid filter changes where the UI hesitated between actions. By prioritizing immediate UI feedback, caching common filter responses, and reducing unnecessary re renders, the filtering experience felt dramatically faster without changing the backend infrastructure. Why Mobile Users Feel This More Filtering issues are amplified on mobile. Slower CPUs Less memory More layout recalculations A filter delay that feels acceptable on desktop can feel frustrating on mobile. This makes filter performance a critical mobile conversion factor. Measuring Filter Performance Correctly Instead of measuring request time alone, measure: Time from filter click to UI feedback Time until first visible result update Dropped interactions during filtering These metrics reveal friction that traditional tools miss. Common Mistakes to Avoid Treating filters like full page loads Blocking UI updates until data arrives Re rendering entire grids unnecessarily Ignoring mobile performance constraints Each of these increases perceived slowness. Filters Are a Discovery Tool Not a Transaction Filtering is exploratory. Users are browsing, comparing, and narrowing options. Any friction here disrupts discovery and reduces engagement. Fast filters encourage exploration. Slow filters discourage it. Final Thoughts If users say your site feels slow, watch them use filters. Chances are the problem is not loading speed but interaction design. Fixing filters often delivers bigger UX gains than optimizing the homepage again. Because in modern e commerce, discovery speed matters as much as page speed. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse ar abid Follow Joined Dec 4, 2025 More from ar abid The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce Why Your E-commerce Site Is Slow (And How Developers Can Fix It) # webperf # frontend # developers # ecommerce 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://vibe.forem.com/dev-is-cracked/i-over-engineered-a-meme-creator-because-i-hate-watermarks-165p | I made a Meme Creator because I hate watermarks - Vibe Coding Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Vibe Coding Forem Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Brian Zavala Posted on Jan 13 I made a Meme Creator because I hate watermarks # opensource # javascript # react # webdev I wanted to make a quick meme for my son Phoenix, but every site I found was a disaster. They either demanded a monthly subscription, forced me to create an account, or slapped a giant watermark over the image. I realized that simple tools have become ad-farms. So, I spent the last 3 weeks building my own. My requirements were simple: No Server Uploads: 100% Client-side. No Watermarks: Just clean export. Local AI: Background removal running in the browser. The Stack: React 19 + ONNX I decided to over-engineer this to learn the new React 19 features. Here is the architecture: Frontend: React 19 (using the new use hook for async resource loading). AI Engine: onnxruntime-web + imgly. State Management: 100% Native React 19 (useReducer + Context). No external state libraries. OS: Built entirely on Arch Linux (Hyprland). How the Local AI Works The hardest part was getting the background removal to feel instant without killing the browser tab. I'm using a quantized ONNX model that runs in a Web Worker to keep the UI thread smooth. Here is a snippet of how I handle the image processing: JavaScript import { removeBackground } from " @imgly /background-removal"; export const processImage = async (imageSrc) => { // This runs entirely in the browser using WebAssembly // No data is ever sent to a server const blob = await removeBackground(imageSrc, { progress: (key, current, total) => { console.log( Downloading AI Model: ${key} (${current}/${total}) ); }, model: "medium", // Balances speed vs accuracy }); return URL.createObjectURL(blob); }; Source Available (AGPLv3) I believe in transparency, especially for privacy tools. The code is Source Available under the AGPLv3 license. You can look at the repo to verify that no network requests are sending your photos to a cloud server. I'm Launching on Friday! This is my first real "product" launch. I'm shipping it on Product Hunt this Friday, but the app is live right now for testing. If you are a React dev or just hate watermarks, I'd love for you to break it and tell me what's wrong. 👇 Roast the live app: https://meme-creator.app 🚀 Get notified for the Launch: Meme Creator AI background removal in-browser. No uploads. No watermarks. Check it out on Product Hunt → Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Brian Zavala Follow CS Student & Dad. I build privacy-first apps on Arch Linux (btw). Turning caffeine into code. Location Texas Education Bachelor of science in computer science Pronouns He/Him Work Founder & Lead Dev Joined Sep 2, 2024 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Vibe Coding Forem — Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Vibe Coding Forem © 2025 - 2026. Where anyone can code, with a bit of creativity and some AI help. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://dev.to/scale_youtube/ndc-conferences-view-transitions-the-brand-new-browser-api-that-will-blow-your-mind-jakob-58o4 | NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Nov 8, 2025 NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # azure # cloud View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind Ever wondered why native apps feel smoother than web pages? Enter the View Transitions API: a brand-new browser feature that lets you orchestrate seamless, native-style transitions between web pages with just a few lines of CSS. In this lightning talk recorded at NDC Copenhagen, Jakob Endrestad Kielland demos the mind-blowing capabilities of the API and peeks under the hood to show how it pulls off its magic. Say goodbye to heavy JavaScript frameworks for fancy animations—this simple, CSS-driven approach gives you full control over every aspect of page transitions. Whether you’re a web dev itching to up your UI game or just curious about the future of web performance, this talk has something to blow your mind. Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://github.com/hobbada | hobbada (hobbada) · GitHub Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests... --> Search Clear Search syntax tips Provide feedback --> We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously. Include my email address so I can be contacted Cancel Submit feedback Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly --> Name Query To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation . Cancel Create saved search Sign in Sign up Appearance settings Resetting focus You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. Dismiss alert {{ message }} hobbada Follow Overview Repositories 3 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 3 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars hobbada Follow hobbada hobbada Follow Sponsor 4 followers · 1 following Achievements x4 Achievements x4 Block or Report Block or report hobbada --> Block user Prevent this user from interacting with your repositories and sending you notifications. Learn more about blocking users . You must be logged in to block users. Add an optional note Maximum 250 characters. Please don't include any personal information such as legal names or email addresses. Markdown supported. This note will be visible to only you. Block user Report abuse Contact GitHub support about this user’s behavior. Learn more about reporting abuse . Report abuse Overview Repositories 3 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 3 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars Pinned Loading hobbada.github.io hobbada.github.io Public HTML 3 Something went wrong, please refresh the page to try again. If the problem persists, check the GitHub status page or contact support . Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Footer © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Footer navigation Terms Privacy Security Status Community Docs Contact Manage cookies Do not share my personal information You can’t perform that action at this time. | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://github.com/quoll | quoll (Paula Gearon) · GitHub Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests... --> Search Clear Search syntax tips Provide feedback --> We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously. Include my email address so I can be contacted Cancel Submit feedback Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly --> Name Query To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation . Cancel Create saved search Sign in Sign up Appearance settings Resetting focus You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. Dismiss alert {{ message }} quoll Follow Overview Repositories 96 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 54 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars quoll Follow 💭 Graphs and LLMs Paula Gearon quoll 💭 Graphs and LLMs Follow Sponsor Clojurista and Semantic Webstress 275 followers · 18 following Ardoq Virginia https://hachyderm.io/@quoll Bluesky @gearon.org Sponsors Achievements x3 x3 Achievements x3 x3 Highlights Pro Block or Report Block or report quoll --> Block user Prevent this user from interacting with your repositories and sending you notifications. Learn more about blocking users . You must be logged in to block users. Add an optional note Maximum 250 characters. Please don't include any personal information such as legal names or email addresses. Markdown supported. This note will be visible to only you. Block user Report abuse Contact GitHub support about this user’s behavior. Learn more about reporting abuse . Report abuse Overview Repositories 96 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 54 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars Popular repositories Loading asami asami Public A flexible graph store, written in Clojure Clojure 350 10 remorse remorse Public Clojure(Script) to morse code conversion Clojure 63 cljs-math cljs-math Public A ClojureScript port of clojure.java.math Clojure 57 3 tiara tiara Public A small data structure library Clojure 55 3 mulgara mulgara Public An RDF TripleStore in Java Java 47 8 naga naga Public Forked from threatgrid/naga Datalog based rules engine Clojure 47 2 Something went wrong, please refresh the page to try again. If the problem persists, check the GitHub status page or contact support . Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Footer © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Footer navigation Terms Privacy Security Status Community Docs Contact Manage cookies Do not share my personal information You can’t perform that action at this time. | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://dev.to/mjerez | Ma Jerez - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Ma Jerez Open Source enthusiast and Typescript Evangelist Joined Joined on Apr 23, 2018 Personal website https://mion.io github website Seven Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least seven years. Got it Close Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @mjerez Organizations Marlon jerez Post 1 post published Comment 1 comment written Tag 4 tags followed Creating Typescript Safe APIs in 2023 Ma Jerez Ma Jerez Ma Jerez Follow Oct 15 '23 Creating Typescript Safe APIs in 2023 # bunjs # fastify # typescript # trpc 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Want to connect with Ma Jerez? Create an account to connect with Ma Jerez. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://github.com/joe-re | joe-re (Masato Noguchi) · GitHub Skip to content Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Sign in Appearance settings Platform AI CODE CREATION GitHub Copilot Write better code with AI GitHub Spark Build and deploy intelligent apps GitHub Models Manage and compare prompts MCP Registry New Integrate external tools DEVELOPER WORKFLOWS Actions Automate any workflow Codespaces Instant dev environments Issues Plan and track work Code Review Manage code changes APPLICATION SECURITY GitHub Advanced Security Find and fix vulnerabilities Code security Secure your code as you build Secret protection Stop leaks before they start EXPLORE Why GitHub Documentation Blog Changelog Marketplace View all features Solutions BY COMPANY SIZE Enterprises Small and medium teams Startups Nonprofits BY USE CASE App Modernization DevSecOps DevOps CI/CD View all use cases BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Financial services Manufacturing Government View all industries View all solutions Resources EXPLORE BY TOPIC AI Software Development DevOps Security View all topics EXPLORE BY TYPE Customer stories Events & webinars Ebooks & reports Business insights GitHub Skills SUPPORT & SERVICES Documentation Customer support Community forum Trust center Partners Open Source COMMUNITY GitHub Sponsors Fund open source developers PROGRAMS Security Lab Maintainer Community Accelerator Archive Program REPOSITORIES Topics Trending Collections Enterprise ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS Enterprise platform AI-powered developer platform AVAILABLE ADD-ONS GitHub Advanced Security Enterprise-grade security features Copilot for Business Enterprise-grade AI features Premium Support Enterprise-grade 24/7 support Pricing Search or jump to... Search code, repositories, users, issues, pull requests... --> Search Clear Search syntax tips Provide feedback --> We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously. Include my email address so I can be contacted Cancel Submit feedback Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly --> Name Query To see all available qualifiers, see our documentation . Cancel Create saved search Sign in Sign up Appearance settings Resetting focus You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. Dismiss alert {{ message }} joe-re Follow Overview Repositories 105 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 842 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars joe-re Follow Masato Noguchi joe-re Follow 72 followers · 18 following @PeopleXjp Tokyo https://twitter.com/joe_re Achievements x3 x3 x4 Achievements x3 x3 x4 Highlights Pro Organizations Block or Report Block or report joe-re --> Block user Prevent this user from interacting with your repositories and sending you notifications. Learn more about blocking users . You must be logged in to block users. Add an optional note Maximum 250 characters. Please don't include any personal information such as legal names or email addresses. Markdown supported. This note will be visible to only you. Block user Report abuse Contact GitHub support about this user’s behavior. Learn more about reporting abuse . Report abuse Overview Repositories 105 Projects 0 Packages 0 Stars 842 More Overview Repositories Projects Packages Stars Pinned Loading sql-language-server sql-language-server Public SQL Language Server TypeScript 763 69 eyes-on-claude-code eyes-on-claude-code Public Claude Code session monitoring application. Rust 6 1 Something went wrong, please refresh the page to try again. If the problem persists, check the GitHub status page or contact support . Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page . Footer © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Footer navigation Terms Privacy Security Status Community Docs Contact Manage cookies Do not share my personal information You can’t perform that action at this time. | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://dev.to/alam-cloud-engineer/-defending-the-cloud-native-frontier-security-as-code-with-terraform-opa-3500 | # Defending the Cloud-Native Frontier: Security as Code with Terraform & OPA - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Alam Posted on Dec 19, 2025 # Defending the Cloud-Native Frontier: Security as Code with Terraform & OPA # aws # security # infrastructureascode # devsecops 🚀 Just delivered my talk on "Security as Code: Enforcing AWS Security from Day One" to 35+ cloud professionals! In today's fast-moving cloud environments, security can't be an afterthought. I demonstrated how to build defense-in-depth by combining: 🔹 The Tools Terraform as the foundation for consistent, repeatable infrastructure Open Policy Agent (OPA) + Conftest to validate Terraform plans against custom security policies Automated guardrails that prevent misconfigurations before they reach production 🔹 Real-World Examples We covered practical scenarios like: Blocking unencrypted EBS volumes Restricting overly permissive security groups Ensuring IAM roles follow least-privilege principles All enforced through code, not manual checklists 🔹 The Key Takeaway Shift security left by making it an integral part of your Infrastructure-as-Code pipeline. Security should be a built-in feature, not a separate compliance exercise. 📁 Code Repository All code examples, policies, and configurations are available here: GitHub Repository 🎥 Full Talk Recording Watch the complete presentation here: YouTube: Security as Code Talk Why This Matters This approach has been game-changing for teams wanting to move fast without compromising security. By adopting Security-as-Code patterns, you can: Prevent misconfigurations before deployment Ensure consistent security across all environments Enable developers to build securely from the start Reduce compliance audit overhead I'm excited to see how more organizations embrace these patterns and build more secure cloud-native applications! What Security-as-Code practices have you implemented in your workflows? Share your experiences in the comments below! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Alam Follow 👨💻 DevOps & Cloud Engineer | Docker Enthusiast | Infrastructure Automation Hey! I’m Alam Ahmed, a Cloud & Infrastructure Engineer with hands-on experience in building efficient, scalable systems!. Location London Work Boxxe Joined Mar 27, 2024 Trending on DEV Community Hot Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 # discuss # javascript # programming # webdev AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/ar_abid_641aa302d5c68b2ae/why-your-e-commerce-filters-feel-slow-even-when-your-site-is-fast-4a57#caching-makes-filters-feel-instant | Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse ar abid Posted on Jan 13 Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast # webdev # frontend # ecommerce # ux Many e commerce sites load quickly. Product pages appear almost instantly. Images are optimized. Performance scores look healthy. Yet the moment users start filtering products, everything feels slow. This is one of the most common performance complaints in modern e commerce, and it is also one of the most misunderstood. Filters Are an Interaction Problem Not a Loading Problem Filtering is not a page load. It is an interaction loop. Users expect filters to feel instant because they are exploratory actions. When filters lag, users lose momentum and patience. Even a short delay after clicking a filter checkbox can feel broken. What Users Expect From Filters From a user point of view filtering should behave like this. Click a filter See results change immediately Continue browsing Users do not expect a full reload. They do not expect spinners. They do not expect hesitation. When filters feel slow, users often stop using them entirely or leave the site. What Actually Happens When Filters Are Applied Behind the scenes filtering often triggers heavy work. Query parameters change API requests are sent Large result sets are processed State updates trigger re renders Analytics events fire Many systems treat filtering as a mini page load instead of a lightweight interaction. This creates unnecessary delays. Why Fast Pages Still Have Slow Filters A site can load fast and still have slow filters because filters stress different parts of the stack. They stress JavaScript execution They stress rendering performance They stress network latency They stress state management None of this is reflected clearly in traditional page speed metrics. The Hidden Cost of Over Fetching Many filtering systems request full product lists every time a filter changes. This means: Large payloads Repeated network requests Unnecessary parsing work The UI waits while data it does not fully need is processed. Rendering Is Often the Real Bottleneck Even when API responses are fast, rendering filtered results can be slow. Large product grids Complex card components Images reflowing layouts Every filter change can trigger dozens or hundreds of component updates. This makes the interface feel sluggish even on fast connections. Why Debouncing Alone Does Not Fix It Debouncing filter requests helps reduce network traffic but does not solve perceived slowness. Users still experience a pause between action and feedback. Debouncing improves efficiency but not responsiveness. What High Performance Filtering Feels Like High performing e commerce filters follow one key principle. The interface responds first. Data catches up second. Users should always see immediate visual feedback that their action was registered. Immediate Feedback Matters More Than Accuracy Good filtering systems show feedback instantly. Checkbox states update immediately Active filters appear instantly Skeleton loaders or placeholders appear Even if the data update takes time, the user feels in control. Progressive Results Improve Perception Instead of waiting for all results to load, progressive rendering helps. Show partial results quickly Update the grid incrementally Avoid blank states Progress builds trust and keeps users engaged. Caching Makes Filters Feel Instant Many filter combinations repeat across users. Caching filtered results at the edge or application layer allows: Instant responses Reduced backend load Smoother interactions Smart caching turns filters into a near instant experience. A Real World Example On a production e commerce platform, shopperdot , users frequently applied multiple filters while browsing categories. Page load speed was not an issue. The problem appeared during rapid filter changes where the UI hesitated between actions. By prioritizing immediate UI feedback, caching common filter responses, and reducing unnecessary re renders, the filtering experience felt dramatically faster without changing the backend infrastructure. Why Mobile Users Feel This More Filtering issues are amplified on mobile. Slower CPUs Less memory More layout recalculations A filter delay that feels acceptable on desktop can feel frustrating on mobile. This makes filter performance a critical mobile conversion factor. Measuring Filter Performance Correctly Instead of measuring request time alone, measure: Time from filter click to UI feedback Time until first visible result update Dropped interactions during filtering These metrics reveal friction that traditional tools miss. Common Mistakes to Avoid Treating filters like full page loads Blocking UI updates until data arrives Re rendering entire grids unnecessarily Ignoring mobile performance constraints Each of these increases perceived slowness. Filters Are a Discovery Tool Not a Transaction Filtering is exploratory. Users are browsing, comparing, and narrowing options. Any friction here disrupts discovery and reduces engagement. Fast filters encourage exploration. Slow filters discourage it. Final Thoughts If users say your site feels slow, watch them use filters. Chances are the problem is not loading speed but interaction design. Fixing filters often delivers bigger UX gains than optimizing the homepage again. Because in modern e commerce, discovery speed matters as much as page speed. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse ar abid Follow Joined Dec 4, 2025 More from ar abid The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce Why Your E-commerce Site Is Slow (And How Developers Can Fix It) # webperf # frontend # developers # ecommerce 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://dev.to/ar_abid_641aa302d5c68b2ae/why-your-e-commerce-filters-feel-slow-even-when-your-site-is-fast-4a57#why-mobile-users-feel-this-more | Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse ar abid Posted on Jan 13 Why Your E Commerce Filters Feel Slow Even When Your Site Is Fast # webdev # frontend # ecommerce # ux Many e commerce sites load quickly. Product pages appear almost instantly. Images are optimized. Performance scores look healthy. Yet the moment users start filtering products, everything feels slow. This is one of the most common performance complaints in modern e commerce, and it is also one of the most misunderstood. Filters Are an Interaction Problem Not a Loading Problem Filtering is not a page load. It is an interaction loop. Users expect filters to feel instant because they are exploratory actions. When filters lag, users lose momentum and patience. Even a short delay after clicking a filter checkbox can feel broken. What Users Expect From Filters From a user point of view filtering should behave like this. Click a filter See results change immediately Continue browsing Users do not expect a full reload. They do not expect spinners. They do not expect hesitation. When filters feel slow, users often stop using them entirely or leave the site. What Actually Happens When Filters Are Applied Behind the scenes filtering often triggers heavy work. Query parameters change API requests are sent Large result sets are processed State updates trigger re renders Analytics events fire Many systems treat filtering as a mini page load instead of a lightweight interaction. This creates unnecessary delays. Why Fast Pages Still Have Slow Filters A site can load fast and still have slow filters because filters stress different parts of the stack. They stress JavaScript execution They stress rendering performance They stress network latency They stress state management None of this is reflected clearly in traditional page speed metrics. The Hidden Cost of Over Fetching Many filtering systems request full product lists every time a filter changes. This means: Large payloads Repeated network requests Unnecessary parsing work The UI waits while data it does not fully need is processed. Rendering Is Often the Real Bottleneck Even when API responses are fast, rendering filtered results can be slow. Large product grids Complex card components Images reflowing layouts Every filter change can trigger dozens or hundreds of component updates. This makes the interface feel sluggish even on fast connections. Why Debouncing Alone Does Not Fix It Debouncing filter requests helps reduce network traffic but does not solve perceived slowness. Users still experience a pause between action and feedback. Debouncing improves efficiency but not responsiveness. What High Performance Filtering Feels Like High performing e commerce filters follow one key principle. The interface responds first. Data catches up second. Users should always see immediate visual feedback that their action was registered. Immediate Feedback Matters More Than Accuracy Good filtering systems show feedback instantly. Checkbox states update immediately Active filters appear instantly Skeleton loaders or placeholders appear Even if the data update takes time, the user feels in control. Progressive Results Improve Perception Instead of waiting for all results to load, progressive rendering helps. Show partial results quickly Update the grid incrementally Avoid blank states Progress builds trust and keeps users engaged. Caching Makes Filters Feel Instant Many filter combinations repeat across users. Caching filtered results at the edge or application layer allows: Instant responses Reduced backend load Smoother interactions Smart caching turns filters into a near instant experience. A Real World Example On a production e commerce platform, shopperdot , users frequently applied multiple filters while browsing categories. Page load speed was not an issue. The problem appeared during rapid filter changes where the UI hesitated between actions. By prioritizing immediate UI feedback, caching common filter responses, and reducing unnecessary re renders, the filtering experience felt dramatically faster without changing the backend infrastructure. Why Mobile Users Feel This More Filtering issues are amplified on mobile. Slower CPUs Less memory More layout recalculations A filter delay that feels acceptable on desktop can feel frustrating on mobile. This makes filter performance a critical mobile conversion factor. Measuring Filter Performance Correctly Instead of measuring request time alone, measure: Time from filter click to UI feedback Time until first visible result update Dropped interactions during filtering These metrics reveal friction that traditional tools miss. Common Mistakes to Avoid Treating filters like full page loads Blocking UI updates until data arrives Re rendering entire grids unnecessarily Ignoring mobile performance constraints Each of these increases perceived slowness. Filters Are a Discovery Tool Not a Transaction Filtering is exploratory. Users are browsing, comparing, and narrowing options. Any friction here disrupts discovery and reduces engagement. Fast filters encourage exploration. Slow filters discourage it. Final Thoughts If users say your site feels slow, watch them use filters. Chances are the problem is not loading speed but interaction design. Fixing filters often delivers bigger UX gains than optimizing the homepage again. Because in modern e commerce, discovery speed matters as much as page speed. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse ar abid Follow Joined Dec 4, 2025 More from ar abid The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce The Buy Button Is the Slowest Part of Most E Commerce Sites # webdev # performance # frontend # ecommerce Why Your E-commerce Site Is Slow (And How Developers Can Fix It) # webperf # frontend # developers # ecommerce 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/scale_youtube/ndc-conferences-view-transitions-the-brand-new-browser-api-that-will-blow-your-mind-jakob-ni1 | NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Nov 10, 2025 NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # architecture # azure # performance View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind Jakob Endrestad Kielland’s lightning talk from NDC Copenhagen dives into the game-changing View Transitions API—an ultra-lightweight way to add native-style page animations to your web apps with just a few lines of CSS. No more wrestling with heavy JavaScript frameworks to get silky-smooth transitions! On top of showcasing jaw-dropping demos, Jakob peels back the curtain and reveals how this fresh browser API works under the hood, giving you full control over every aspect of your page-to-page animations. Perfect for anyone who’s ever wished the web felt as fluid as a mobile app. Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/beck_moulton/beyond-image-labels-estimating-food-portions-and-calories-using-grounding-dino-sam-2a0j | Beyond Image Labels: Estimating Food Portions and Calories using Grounding DINO + SAM - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Beck_Moulton Posted on Jan 11 Beyond Image Labels: Estimating Food Portions and Calories using Grounding DINO + SAM # ai # fastapi # sam # webdev Ever tried those calorie tracking apps where you have to manually search for "medium-sized chicken breast" and hope your estimate isn't off by 300%? We've all been there. Identifying a "pizza" is a solved problem in Computer Vision, but calculating the volume and macronutrients from a single 2D image is where the real engineering begins. In this deep dive, we are moving beyond simple classification. We will leverage a Zero-shot Object Detection approach using Grounding DINO and the surgical precision of the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to build an automated pipeline for food portion estimation. Whether you are building a fitness app or an automated kitchen assistant, this pipeline represents the state-of-the-art in AI-driven nutrition tracking and automated image labeling . For those of you looking for more production-ready patterns and advanced deep learning implementations, I suggest checking out the comprehensive guides at WellAlly Tech Blog , which served as a huge inspiration for this architectural design. The Architecture: From Pixels to Nutrients The biggest challenge in portion estimation is the lack of depth data. To solve this, we use a reference object (like a plate or a coin) and a multi-stage vision pipeline. graph TD A[Input Image] --> B[Grounding DINO] B -- Text Prompt: 'food, plate' --> C[Bounding Boxes] C --> D[SAM - Segment Anything] D -- Precise Masks --> E[Geometry Engine] E -- Ref. Object Scaling --> F[Volume Estimation] F --> G[Nutrient Mapping API] G --> H[Final Calorie Report] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Prerequisites To follow along, you’ll need a GPU (12GB+ VRAM recommended) and the following stack: PyTorch : The backbone of our model execution. Grounding DINO : For open-set object detection. SAM (Segment Anything) : For high-fidelity segmentation masks. FastAPI : To wrap this logic into a high-performance API. Step 1: Zero-Shot Detection with Grounding DINO Traditional detectors like YOLO require training on specific food datasets. Grounding DINO allows us to detect anything by simply typing it out. from groundingdino.util.inference import load_model , load_image , predict # Load the pre-trained Grounding DINO model model = load_model ( " config/GroundingDINO_SwinT_OGC.py " , " weights/groundingdino_swint_ogc.pth " ) IMAGE_PATH = " meal.jpg " TEXT_PROMPT = " chicken breast, broccoli, rice, plate " BOX_THRESHOLD = 0.35 TEXT_THRESHOLD = 0.25 image_source , image = load_image ( IMAGE_PATH ) boxes , logits , phrases = predict ( model = model , image = image , caption = TEXT_PROMPT , box_threshold = BOX_THRESHOLD , text_threshold = TEXT_THRESHOLD ) print ( f " Detected: { phrases } with confidence { logits } " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 2: Surgical Masking with SAM Bounding boxes are too "blocky" for volume calculation. We need to know exactly which pixels belong to the steak vs. the plate. We pass the boxes from Grounding DINO into SAM to get a precise mask. import numpy as np from segment_anything import SamPredictor , sam_model_registry # Initialize SAM sam = sam_model_registry [ " vit_h " ]( checkpoint = " weights/sam_vit_h_4b8939.pth " ). to ( " cuda " ) predictor = SamPredictor ( sam ) predictor . set_image ( image_source ) # Convert DINO boxes to SAM format input_boxes = transform_boxes ( boxes , image_source . shape ) masks , _ , _ = predictor . predict_torch ( point_coords = None , point_labels = None , boxes = input_boxes , multimask_output = False , ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 3: The "Magic" of Volume Estimation Here is the secret sauce. By identifying a standard-sized object (like a 10-inch plate), we can calculate a Pixels-per-Metric ratio. Calculate Plate Area : Use the mask of the plate to find the total pixel count. Scale Factor : Scale = Actual_Plate_Diameter / Pixel_Width_of_Plate . Food Volume : Since we only have a 2D view, we use a heuristic based on the food type (e.g., a "spherical" assumption for an orange or a "slab" assumption for a steak) combined with the mask area. def estimate_volume ( mask_pixels , label , scale_factor ): area_cm2 = mask_pixels * ( scale_factor ** 2 ) # Heuristic height mapping (Simplified) height_map = { " chicken breast " : 2.5 , " broccoli " : 3.0 , " rice " : 1.5 } avg_height = height_map . get ( label , 2.0 ) volume_cm3 = area_cm2 * avg_height return volume_cm3 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Deploying with FastAPI To make this useful, we wrap it in a FastAPI endpoint. This allows a mobile app to send a photo and receive a JSON payload with the nutritional breakdown. from fastapi import FastAPI , UploadFile app = FastAPI () @app.post ( " /analyze-plate " ) async def analyze_plate ( file : UploadFile ): # 1. Save and Load Image # 2. Run Grounding DINO + SAM pipeline # 3. Calculate Volumes # 4. Query Nutrient DB (like Nutritionix or USDA) return { " items " : [ { " label " : " chicken breast " , " est_weight " : " 200g " , " calories " : 330 }, { " label " : " broccoli " , " est_weight " : " 100g " , " calories " : 35 } ], " total_calories " : 365 } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Advanced Optimization & Best Practices Estimating 3D volume from a single 2D image is an "ill-posed problem." To get production-grade accuracy, you should consider: Shadow Analysis : Using shadows to estimate the height of the food. Multi-view Fusion : Taking two photos from different angles. Contextual Priors : Knowing that a "slice of pizza" has a standard thickness. If you are interested in diving deeper into these advanced computer vision techniques, the WellAlly Tech Blog has an incredible series on "Depth Estimation without LiDAR" that perfectly complements this workflow. Conclusion Combining Grounding DINO and SAM turns the "What is in this photo?" question into "How much is in this photo?". While we are still in the early days of automated calorie estimation, this zero-shot approach drastically reduces the need for massive, labeled datasets. Are you working on AI in the health space? Drop a comment below or share your thoughts on how you'd improve the volume estimation logic! 🚀 Happy coding! If you enjoyed this post, don't forget to ❤️ and bookmark it for your next AI project. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Beck_Moulton Follow Joined Aug 22, 2022 More from Beck_Moulton Private & Fast: Building a Browser-Based Dermatology Screener with WebLLM and WebGPU # privacy # ai # web # webdev Stop Manually Booking Doctors: Build an Autonomous Health Agent with LangGraph & Playwright # ai # python # machinelearning # opensource The Ultimate AI Diet Agent: Syncing Real-Time Health Data with Local Supermarket Inventory using CrewAI # ai # python # opensource # machinelearning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/meeth_gangwar_f56b17f5aff | Meeth Gangwar - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Meeth Gangwar 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Aug 29, 2025 More info about @meeth_gangwar_f56b17f5aff Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Skills/Languages DJANGO|NODEJS Currently learning Backend Engineer Available for Any kind of collaboration as long as there is something new I can learn. Post 5 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 0 tags followed 🔑 Unlock Rust's Power: Demystifying Ownership. Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Follow Nov 27 '25 🔑 Unlock Rust's Power: Demystifying Ownership. # coding # rust # softwaredevelopment # computerscience 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Consistent Hashing: The Unseen Engine Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Follow Nov 7 '25 Consistent Hashing: The Unseen Engine # architecture # performance # computerscience # interview 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read "The Architecture Behind Uber Live Tracking" ⚡ Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Follow Oct 17 '25 "The Architecture Behind Uber Live Tracking" ⚡ # systemdesign # architecture # performance # backend Comments Add Comment 4 min read Need Speed in Python? When to Use Threading vs. Multiprocessing. Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Follow Sep 12 '25 Need Speed in Python? When to Use Threading vs. Multiprocessing. # python # computerscience # backend # programming Comments Add Comment 9 min read Throughput vs. Latency: The Optimization Dilemma Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Meeth Gangwar Follow Aug 31 '25 Throughput vs. Latency: The Optimization Dilemma # opensource # backend # performance # softwareengineering 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://dev.to/t/architecture/page/387#main-content | Architecture Page 387 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Architecture Follow Hide The fundamental structures of a software system. Create Post Older #architecture posts 384 385 386 387 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
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https://dev.to/sivarampg/cowork-claude-code-for-the-rest-of-your-work-3hjp#realworld-performance-320-podcast-transcripts-in-15-minutes | Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sivaram Posted on Jan 13 Cowork: Claude Code for the Rest of Your Work # ai # software # productivity # tooling Anthropic just dropped something interesting, and it's not just another AI chatbot. It's called Cowork , and it might represent where AI agents are heading next. What is Cowork? Cowork is essentially "Claude Code for the rest of your work" — a general-purpose AI agent that can work with files on your computer without requiring you to write a single line of code. Think of it this way: Claude Code was built for developers to automate coding tasks. But Anthropic noticed something interesting — developers were using it for everything else: vacation research, building slide decks, cleaning up email, cancelling subscriptions, recovering wedding photos from hard drives, monitoring plant growth, and even controlling ovens. So they stripped away the terminal interface and built Cowork — a visual, approachable version that anyone can use. How It Works The workflow is refreshingly simple: Grant folder access — You give Claude access to a specific folder on your computer Describe what you need — Tell Claude what you want in plain language Let it work — Claude makes a plan, executes steps in parallel, and keeps you updated on progress Get results — Claude reads, edits, or creates files as needed Example Use Cases Here's what you can do with Cowork: Reorganize your downloads folder — Sort and rename files intelligently Create expense reports — Turn a pile of receipt screenshots into a structured spreadsheet Draft reports — Synthesize scattered notes into a coherent first draft File organization — Clean up your desktop or organize documents by project Real-World Performance: 320 Podcast Transcripts in 15 Minutes Lenny Rachitsky put Cowork to the test with a substantial task — analyzing 320 podcast transcripts to extract key insights. Here's what happened: The Task: "Go through every Lenny's Podcast episode and pull out the 10 most important themes and lessons for product builders. Then give me the 10 most counterintuitive truths." The Setup: Lenny gave Claude access to a folder containing 320 podcast transcripts. The Result: 15 minutes later, Claude delivered: The 10 Most Important Themes from Lenny's Podcast Activation Is Everything — Slack's "2,000 messages" moment, Gamma's 30-second magic. Get users to value fast. Storytelling as a Superpower — Compelling narratives align organizations better than documents. Positioning Is Strategy, Not Marketing — April Dunford's 5-step framework that starts with competitive alternatives, not messaging. Product Discovery Before Delivery — Teresa Torres' Opportunity Solution Trees and Marty Cagan's Four Risks framework. Talk to customers weekly, not quarterly. Ruthless Prioritization — Shreyas Doshi's LNO Framework (Leverage/Neutral/Overhead) and focusing on opportunity cost over ROI. AI is Transforming Product Development — Model maximalism, evals as core PM skill, CEOs becoming ICs again. Empowered Teams vs. Feature Factories — Marty Cagan's distinction: give teams problems to solve, not features to build. Build Your Operating System — Claire Hughes Johnson's framework for founding documents, operating cadence, and decision frameworks. Pre-Mortems and Risk Anticipation — Shreyas Doshi's technique to surface failure modes before they happen. Small Teams, Outsized Impact — Jason Fried's 2-person/6-week constraints, Shopify's pair programming culture. The 10 Most Counterintuitive Truths Fear Gives Bad Advice — Do the Opposite — Whatever you're afraid to do (hard conversation, telling board bad news) is exactly what you should do. Adding Friction Can INCREASE Conversion — Adding personalization questions to signup improved Amplitude's conversion by 5%. Fewer Features = More Value — The Walkman succeeded because Sony REMOVED recording. QuickBooks wins with half the features at double the price. Adding People Makes You Slower (Absolutely) — Companies produce MORE total output after layoffs. Coordination overhead is silent killer. What Customers Say They Want Is Meaningless — 93% said they wanted energy-efficient homes. Nobody bought them. "Bitchin' ain't switchin'." Goals Are Not Strategy — They're Opposite — Richard Rumelt says confusing goals for strategy is most common strategic error. OKRs are often just wish lists. Don't A/B Test Your Big Bets — Instagram and Airbnb actively reject testing for transformational changes. You can't A/B test your way to greatness. Your Gut IS Data — Intuition is compressed experiential learning that isn't statistically significant yet. Don't discount it. By the Time You're Thinking About Quitting, It's Too Late — Stewart Butterfield killed Glitch while it was still growing 6-7% weekly. That's why he could start Slack. Most PMs Are Overpaid and Unnecessary — Marty Cagan himself says feature teams don't need PMs. Nikita Bier calls PM "not real." Lenny's verdict: "This is a substantial task - 320 podcast transcripts to analyze!" That's impressive — processing 320 transcripts and synthesizing them into actionable insights in just 15 minutes. The Mind-Blowing Part Here's the detail that's getting attention: Cowork was reportedly built in about a week and a half, and much of it was written by Claude Code itself. That's right — Anthropic's AI coding agent helped build its own non-technical sibling product. It's a recursive improvement loop happening in real-time, and it shows how AI tools can accelerate their own development. Integration with Your Existing Tools Cowork doesn't work in isolation. It integrates with: Connectors — Link Claude to tools like Asana, Notion, Canva, Linear, and more Skills — Specialized capabilities for working with Excel, presentations, or following brand guidelines Chrome extension — Complete tasks that require browser access This means Claude can pull real data from your project management tools, generate documents in your preferred formats, and maintain context across your entire workflow. Safety First Anthropic is being upfront about the risks: Controlled access — Claude can only access files you explicitly grant it access to Confirmation prompts — Claude asks before taking significant actions Clear instructions matter — Vague prompts could lead to unintended actions (like deleting files) Prompt injection risks — Like all AI agents, there are concerns about malicious content trying to hijack the agent They recommend starting with non-sensitive files while you learn how it works. Availability Right now, Cowork is available as a research preview for: Claude Max subscribers ($100-$200/month) on macOS Waitlist available for users on other plans Windows support and broader availability are coming later. What This Means for the Future Cowork represents an interesting shift in AI — moving from chatbots that just talk to you, toward agents that can actually do things for you. It's not about replacing developers or knowledge workers; it's about giving them an AI collaborator that can handle the repetitive, time-consuming tasks that get in the way of real work. The fact that Claude Code helped build Cowork shows how AI tools can compound each other's capabilities. We're seeing the beginning of AI systems that can build, improve, and extend themselves. If you're on Claude Max with a Mac, you can try Cowork today by clicking "Cowork" in the Claude Desktop sidebar. Everyone else can join the waitlist and see what the future of AI-assisted work looks like. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sivaram Follow Full Stack Engineer. Consultant. Designing & Developing Blockchain & AI E2E Solutions. De-risking Ambiguity. OSS Location India Joined Oct 5, 2023 More from Sivaram Building Reliable RAG Systems # rag # architecture # tutorial # ai The Ralph Wiggum Approach: Running AI Coding Agents for Hours (Not Minutes) # webdev # productivity # ai # agents How the Creator of Claude Code Uses Claude Code: A Complete Breakdown # ai # webdev # programming # productivity 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/andrey_andrade_7a534cfc95 | Andrey Andrade - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Andrey Andrade 22 years building systems that don't go down. Go specialist, high-performance systems, and architectures that handle millions of requests. Pragmatism over hype. Results over complexity. Location Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Joined Joined on Jul 1, 2024 Personal website https://andreyandrade.com github website More info about @andrey_andrade_7a534cfc95 Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Post 3 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 4 tags followed I scraped 1,600 DEV.TO articles from 2025 and built an infographic Andrey Andrade Andrey Andrade Andrey Andrade Follow Jan 11 I scraped 1,600 DEV.TO articles from 2025 and built an infographic # devto # ai # webdev # datascience 2 reactions Comments 3 comments 1 min read I Analyzed 4.78M HN Items to Create an Interactive 2025 Infographic Andrey Andrade Andrey Andrade Andrey Andrade Follow Jan 2 I Analyzed 4.78M HN Items to Create an Interactive 2025 Infographic # showdev # ai # programming # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 2 min read Dados Abertos de Cidades Brasileiras em JSON - DDDs, Bairros, Estados Andrey Andrade Andrey Andrade Andrey Andrade Follow Dec 20 '25 Dados Abertos de Cidades Brasileiras em JSON - DDDs, Bairros, Estados # programming # datascience # data Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
https://dev.to/mmafrar/software-systems-development-session-1-14nh | Software Systems Development - Session 1 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Afrar Malakooth Posted on Feb 20, 2023 Software Systems Development - Session 1 # aws # security # cloud # discuss Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Afrar Malakooth Follow An accomplished Software Engineer with over seven years of experience in developing code for leading enterprises. Passionate about volunteering and travel. Location Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Education University of Colombo School of Computing Work NextLabs Joined Sep 1, 2021 More from Afrar Malakooth Big Data Processing - Case Study 3 (Databricks) # bigdata # databricks # cloud # dataengineering Big Data Processing - Case Study 3 (Hadoop) # bigdata # cloud # dataengineering # hadoop Working with Amazon S3 presigned URLs in Spring Boot # java # spring # aws # s3 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:22 |
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