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https://www.forem.com/t/programming | Programming - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Programming Follow Hide The magic behind computers. 💻 🪄 Create Post Older #programming posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 3611 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I Debug Code Like I Debug Life (Spoiler: Both Throw Exceptions) Alyssa Alyssa Alyssa Follow Jan 13 I Debug Code Like I Debug Life (Spoiler: Both Throw Exceptions) # discuss # career # programming # beginners 18 reactions Comments 8 comments 2 min read 🌈 Looking for help if possible: I’m Stuck on My TrackMyHRT App (Medication + Symptom Tracker) codebunny20 codebunny20 codebunny20 Follow Jan 12 🌈 Looking for help if possible: I’m Stuck on My TrackMyHRT App (Medication + Symptom Tracker) # discuss # programming # python # opensource 14 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) nicomedina nicomedina nicomedina Follow Jan 13 How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) # bunjs # api # javascript # programming 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read The Vibe Coding Paradox: 5 Surprising Truths About the AI Revolution in Software Juan Guillermo Gomez Torres Juan Guillermo Gomez Torres Juan Guillermo Gomez Torres Follow for Google Developer Experts Jan 12 The Vibe Coding Paradox: 5 Surprising Truths About the AI Revolution in Software # vibecoding # programming # ai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Zig vs Go: init and run Paolo Carraro Paolo Carraro Paolo Carraro Follow Jan 12 Zig vs Go: init and run # zig # go # programming # comparison Comments Add Comment 2 min read Top 8 Fal.AI Alternatives Developers Are Using to Ship AI Apps Emmanuel Mumba Emmanuel Mumba Emmanuel Mumba Follow Jan 13 Top 8 Fal.AI Alternatives Developers Are Using to Ship AI Apps # webdev # programming # ai # javascript 19 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read The Secret Life of JavaScript: Identity Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Follow Jan 13 The Secret Life of JavaScript: Identity # javascript # coding # programming # software 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read SOLID Design Principle Gokul G.K. Gokul G.K. Gokul G.K. Follow Jan 13 SOLID Design Principle # programming # java # design # solidprinciples 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why Global Undo Sucks: Building Line-Level Undo/Redo for VS Code Namasivaayam L Namasivaayam L Namasivaayam L Follow Jan 12 Why Global Undo Sucks: Building Line-Level Undo/Redo for VS Code # vscode # opensource # extensions # programming 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Use Claude Opus 4.5 & Gemini 3 for Free with OpenCode 0xkoji 0xkoji 0xkoji Follow Jan 13 How to Use Claude Opus 4.5 & Gemini 3 for Free with OpenCode # ai # opencode # llm # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 12 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Advancing with React: Hooks Deep Dive! (React Day 5) Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Follow Jan 13 Advancing with React: Hooks Deep Dive! (React Day 5) # react # webdev # programming # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read A Production-Ready Monorepo for AI-Native Full-Stack Development gracefullight gracefullight gracefullight Follow Jan 13 A Production-Ready Monorepo for AI-Native Full-Stack Development # vibecoding # programming # webdev # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Daylight Saving Time Handling Strategies: A Guide for C# and Python Developers Outdated Dev Outdated Dev Outdated Dev Follow Jan 13 Daylight Saving Time Handling Strategies: A Guide for C# and Python Developers # timezones # programming # dotnet # python Comments Add Comment 11 min read Lambda Durable Functions: Building Workflows That Run for a Year Dinesh Kumar Elumalai Dinesh Kumar Elumalai Dinesh Kumar Elumalai Follow Jan 13 Lambda Durable Functions: Building Workflows That Run for a Year # aws # serverless # lambda # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read Bridging the Gap: Building a Universal Web Interface for OBD-II Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Follow Jan 13 Bridging the Gap: Building a Universal Web Interface for OBD-II # webdev # programming # javascript # automotive Comments Add Comment 2 min read Syncing Office 365 & Google Calendar Without OAuth: A GAS Solution Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Follow Jan 13 Syncing Office 365 & Google Calendar Without OAuth: A GAS Solution # googleappsscripts # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Building a Production-Ready Portfolio: Phase-2 — Frontend Bootstrapping & Architecture Setup Sushant Gaurav Sushant Gaurav Sushant Gaurav Follow Jan 13 Building a Production-Ready Portfolio: Phase-2 — Frontend Bootstrapping & Architecture Setup # programming # python # react # webdev Comments Add Comment 5 min read Mutable vs Immutable Objects in Python (Explained Simply) Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Follow Jan 13 Mutable vs Immutable Objects in Python (Explained Simply) # python # programming # beginners # learning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Jordium GanttChart v1.7.1: Making a Gantt Component Truly Controllable in Vue 3 Nelson Li Nelson Li Nelson Li Follow Jan 13 Jordium GanttChart v1.7.1: Making a Gantt Component Truly Controllable in Vue 3 # webdev # programming # vue # gantt 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building an AI Photo Restoration Tool with Next.js Q1Hang Q1Hang Q1Hang Follow Jan 13 Building an AI Photo Restoration Tool with Next.js # webdev # ai # programming # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read Is JS pass-by-value or pass-by-reference? Let's clear the confusion once and for all, from memory basics to modern Immutability. Tihomir Ivanov Tihomir Ivanov Tihomir Ivanov Follow Jan 13 Is JS pass-by-value or pass-by-reference? Let's clear the confusion once and for all, from memory basics to modern Immutability. # javascript # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read 7 Small Workflow Tweaks That Actually Helped My Developer Productivity Johannes Millan Johannes Millan Johannes Millan Follow Jan 12 7 Small Workflow Tweaks That Actually Helped My Developer Productivity # productivity # beginners # career # programming 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read "When you’re not sure what makes you prouder: the software or the demo video" 😅 AI-SymDev Girl AI-SymDev Girl AI-SymDev Girl Follow Jan 13 "When you’re not sure what makes you prouder: the software or the demo video" 😅 # programming # webdev # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Golang] Garbage Collection in General Satyajit Roy Satyajit Roy Satyajit Roy Follow Jan 13 [Golang] Garbage Collection in General # go # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... trending guides/resources From Idea to Launch: How Developers Can Build Successful Startups Top Open Source Projects That Will Dominate 2026 Beyond Coding: Your Accountability Buddy with Claude Code Skill Coding Without Pressure: How Slowing Down Helped Me Learn Faster Where we're going, we don't need chatbots: introducing the Antigravity IDE 🚀 An Honest Review of Google Antigravity 5 YouTube Channels Every Programmer Should Follow in 2025! 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Building Scalable SaaS Products: A Developer's Guide The Coursera–Udemy merger raises a bigger question: how do developers actually learn? 12 Open Source Gems To Become The Ultimate Developer 🔥 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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https://dev.to/scale_youtube/ndc-conferences-view-transitions-the-brand-new-browser-api-that-will-blow-your-mind-jakob-2l2j | NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Nov 17, 2025 NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # architecture # azure # performance # cloud View Transitions: The Browser API That Will Blow Your Mind Ever wondered why native apps feel so much smoother than most web pages? In this lightning talk from NDC Copenhagen, Jakob Endrestad Kielland unveils the brand-new View Transitions API—a browser feature that brings seamless transitions to the web with just a few lines of CSS, no heavy JavaScript frameworks required. You’ll get a quick demo of what you can achieve with the API and a peek under the hood to see how it pulls off these silky-smooth page switches. Get ready to level up your UX and leave janky page loads in the dust! Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://claude.com/product/overview | Overview | Claude -------> Meet Claude Products Claude Claude Code Features Claude in Chrome Claude in Slack Claude in Excel Skills Models Opus Sonnet Haiku Platform Overview Developer docs Pricing Regional Compliance Console login Solutions Use cases AI agents Coding Industries Customer support Education Financial services Government Healthcare Life sciences Nonprofits Pricing Overview API Max plan Team plan Enterprise plan Learn Blog Courses Customer stories Events Tutorials Use cases Anthropic news Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Meet Claude Products Claude Claude Code Features Claude in Chrome Claude in Slack Claude in Excel Skills Models Opus Sonnet Haiku Platform Overview Developer docs Pricing Regional Compliance Console login Solutions Use cases AI agents Coding Industries Customer support Education Financial services Government Healthcare Life sciences Nonprofits Pricing Overview API Max plan Team plan Enterprise plan Learn Blog Courses Customer stories Events Tutorials Use cases Anthropic news Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Product Product Explore here Ask questions about this page Copy as markdown Preview Next Next Some tasks just work better on macOS With Cowork, Claude can now work directly with your local files and tools. Available on the Max plan in the macOS app. Download Download Download Learn more Learn more Learn more Meet your thinking partner Tackle any big, bold, bewildering challenge with Claude. Ask Claude Ask Claude Ask Claude Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Write Button Text Button Text Learn Button Text Button Text Code Button Text Button Text Write Help me develop a unique voice for an audience Hi Claude! Could you help me develop a unique voice for an audience? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Improve my writing style Hi Claude! Could you improve my writing style? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Brainstorm creative ideas Hi Claude! Could you brainstorm creative ideas? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Learn Explain a complex topic simply Hi Claude! Could you explain a complex topic simply? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Help me make sense of these ideas Hi Claude! Could you help me make sense of these ideas? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Prepare for an exam or interview Hi Claude! Could you prepare for an exam or interview? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Code Explain a programming concept Hi Claude! Could you explain a programming concept? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Look over my code and give me tips Hi Claude! Could you look over my code and give me tips? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Vibe code with me Hi Claude! Could you vibe code with me? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! More Write case studies This is another test Write grant proposals Hi Claude! Could you write grant proposals? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to — like Google Drive, web search, etc. — if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can - an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Write video scripts this is a test The AI for problem solvers Download the desktop app: macOS macOS macOS Windows Windows Windows Windows (arm64) Windows (arm64) Windows (arm64) Try Claude on mobile: Apple Apple Apple Google Play Google Play Google Play Break down problems together Claude builds on your ideas, expands on your logic, and simplifies complexity one step at a time. Tackle your toughest work Claude provides expert-level collaboration on the things you need to get done—from coding a product to critical data analysis. Explore what’s next Like an expert in your pocket, collaborating with Claude expands what you can build on your own or with teams. How you can use Claude Learn Code Research Analyze Create Active View prompt View prompt View prompt Prompt Design a comprehensive study guide with summaries, practice questions, and memory aids from my course materials. Attachments Study notes 4 mb doc Psych 101 Syllabus 1.2 pdf Psychology 101 comprehensive study guide Table of contents Course overview Lecture 1: What is psychology? Lecture 2: Research methods Practice questions Study strategies Course overview Meeting times: MWF 10:10-11:00 AM, Lab Tuesdays 2:00-4:50 PM Office hours: Tuesdays 1-3 PM, Thursdays 11 AM-1 PM Key dates to remember February 21: Midterm exam 1 March 7: Article critique due April 4: Midterm exam 2 May 12: Final exam (8:00-11:00 AM) Grade breakdown Midterm exam 1: 20% Midterm exam 2: 20% Final exam: 30% Research participation: 10% Lab assignments & quizzes: 10% Class participation: 5% Article critique: 5% Lecture 1: What is psychology? Core definition Psychology = The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Key characteristics of psychology as a science Uses empirical methods (observation and experimentation) Seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior Builds theories based on systematic research Follows scientific method principles Historical timeline Philosophical roots (Ancient times - 1800s) Ancient Greeks: Mind-body problem Plato: Mind separate from body (dualism) Aristotle: Mind and body connected (monism) Later philosophers: René Descartes: Cartesian dualism John Locke: Empiricism and "blank slate" (tabula rasa) Birth of scientific psychology (1879) Wilhelm Wundt: First psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany Introduced introspection as research method Structuralism: Breaking consciousness into basic elements Early schools of thought Functionalism (William James, G. Stanley Hall) Focus: Purpose and adaptation of mental processes Key concept: "Stream of consciousness" Behaviorism (John Watson, B.F. Skinner) Focus: Only observable behavior should be studied Rejected introspection and consciousness Famous quote: "Give me a dozen healthy infants..." Gestalt psychology (Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler) Key principle: "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" Emphasized perception and problem-solving Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) Focus: Unconscious mind drives behavior Methods: Dream analysis, free association Concepts: Defense mechanisms, psychosexual development Modern psychological perspectives Biological perspective Brain structure and function Neurotransmitters, hormones, genetics Evolutionary influences Cognitive perspective Mental processes: thinking, memory, perception Information processing model Language and problem-solving Behavioral perspective Learning through conditioning Environmental influences Behavior modification Humanistic perspective Human potential and self-actualization Free will and personal choice Carl Rogers: Unconditional positive regard Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs Psychodynamic perspective Unconscious motivations Early childhood experiences Modern neo-Freudian approaches Sociocultural perspective Cultural influences on behavior Social learning and modeling Cross-cultural psychology Major subfields Basic research areas Experimental psychology: Laboratory studies of learning, memory, cognition Developmental psychology: Changes across lifespan Social psychology: How others influence our thoughts and behaviors Personality psychology: Individual differences and traits Biological/physiological psychology: Brain-behavior relationships Applied areas Clinical psychology: Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders Counseling psychology: Helping people with life problems Educational psychology: Learning and teaching processes Industrial/organizational psychology: Workplace behavior Health psychology: Psychological factors in physical health Forensic psychology: Psychology and legal system Lecture 2: Research methods The scientific method in psychology Observation and question formation Notice patterns in behavior Ask specific, testable questions Literature review Research existing studies Identify gaps in knowledge Hypothesis formation Testable prediction about variables Must be falsifiable Research design → Data collection → Analysis → Interpretation → Replication Variables in psychological research Independent variable (IV) Variable manipulated by researcher The "cause" in cause-and-effect relationship Dependent variable (DV) Variable measured by researcher The "effect" in cause-and-effect relationship Confounding variables Unwanted variables that might influence results Must be controlled or eliminated Types of research methods Descriptive methods Note: Observe and describe, cannot determine cause-and-effect Case studies In-depth study of individual Examples: Phineas Gage, H.M. Surveys Questionnaires/interviews with large groups Naturalistic observation Observe behavior in natural environment Correlational research Examines relationships between variables Correlation coefficient (r) ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 CRITICAL: Correlation does NOT equal causation! Third variable problem: Unknown factor might cause both Experimental method The ONLY method that can determine cause-and-effect relationships Key features: Random assignment, manipulation of IV, control of variables Ethics in psychological research Informed consent: Participants must understand what they're agreeing to Deception and debriefing: Minimal deception, full explanation after Confidentiality: Protect participants' privacy Risk-benefit analysis: Benefits must outweigh risks Practice questions Lecture 1: What is psychology? Multiple choice Psychology is best defined as the scientific study of: a) Mental illness b) Behavior and mental processes c) The brain and nervous system d) Human interactions Who established the first psychology laboratory? a) William James b) John Watson c) Wilhelm Wundt d) Sigmund Freud The belief that "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is associated with: a) Behaviorism b) Functionalism c) Gestalt psychology d) Psychoanalysis Short answer Explain the difference between dualism and monism in the mind-body problem. Compare and contrast structuralism and functionalism. Which psychological perspective would be most likely to study how brain chemistry affects mood? Explain your answer. Lecture 2: Research methods Multiple choice In an experiment studying the effects of caffeine on memory, caffeine would be the: a) Dependent variable b) Independent variable c) Confounding variable d) Control variable A correlation coefficient of -0.85 indicates: a) A weak negative relationship b) A strong positive relationship c) A strong negative relationship d) No relationship Which research method is the ONLY one that can establish cause-and-effect relationships? a) Case study b) Survey c) Correlational study d) Experimental method Application scenarios A researcher finds that students who study with music score lower on tests than those who study in silence. The researcher concludes that music causes poor test performance. What's wrong with this conclusion? Design a simple experiment to test whether exercise improves mood. Identify the IV, DV, and potential confounding variables. Ethics scenario A researcher wants to study the effects of stress on problem-solving but doesn't tell participants they'll be stressed because it might affect their behavior. Is this ethical? What ethical principles are involved? Study strategies For memorizing definitions Create flashcards for key terms Use the terms in original sentences Connect terms to real-world examples Practice explaining concepts to others For understanding research methods Practice identifying IV and DV in research scenarios Create your own simple experimental designs Look for research examples in news articles Practice explaining why correlation ≠ causation For historical information Create a timeline of psychology's development Make concept maps connecting related ideas Use the provided mnemonics Focus on how each approach built on or reacted to previous ones For connecting perspectives to behavior Take any behavior (e.g., helping others) and explain it from each perspective Practice identifying which perspective would be most interested in specific research questions Create charts comparing how different perspectives would approach the same problem Exam preparation tips Review lecture notes within 24 hours of class Complete practice questions after each topic Form study groups to discuss concepts Use active recall rather than just re-reading Connect new material to previously learned concepts Attend office hours for clarification on difficult topics Final review checklist Before midterm 1: Can define psychology and its key characteristics Know major historical figures and their contributions Understand all six modern perspectives Can identify different subfields of psychology Understand research methods and variables Know ethical principles Can analyze research scenarios Study resources: Textbook chapters 1-2 Lecture notes and recordings Lab manual exercises Practice quizzes on Canvas Office hours for clarification on difficult topics Study groups with classmates Remember: Focus on understanding concepts rather than just memorizing facts. Psychology builds on itself, so master these foundations for success throughout the course! Learn Learn anything through conversation. Upload docs or [[images|Uploading docs and images|Upload any file (PDF, Word, Excel) or image and Claude analyzes it to answer your questions.]] for deeper insights or create visual study aids with [[artifacts|Artifacts|Turn ideas into shareable creations. Build tools, visualizations, and experiences by simply describing what you need.]]. [[Voice|Voice mode|Switch between typing and speaking to Claude. Perfect for when you’re on the move, or want to think out loud.]] makes complex topics easier to digest, while [[projects|Projects|Organize conversations by topic with persistent context. Keep related work together and build on previous insights.]] keep your learning organized. View prompt View prompt View prompt Prompt > claude fix the authentication error in our login flow I'll investigate the auth error. Let me look at the relevant files. Examining auth-related files... * src/services/authService.js * src/components/Login.jsx * src/store/authSlice.js Running the login flow... Error detected: "401 Unauthorized: Token expired" Root cause: * Token refresh mechanism not handling expired tokens correctly * Refresh token missing from request header * Improper error handling for 401 responses Updating authService.js with proper refresh logic... Updating request interceptor for 401 handling... Testing the fix... * Login successful ✓ * Token refresh working ✓ * Proper redirection on expired tokens ✓ Authentication error fixed! The login flow now properly handles token expiration. Code Build anything with intelligent help. Debug [[issues,|Code generation and debugging|Write and fix code in any language. Claude explains errors and suggests solutions to accelerate your development.]] learn new languages, optimize algorithms with clear [[explanations|Step-by-step explanations|Complex concepts broken down simply. Learn programming, math, or science with clear explanations tailored to your level.]], or analyze existing [[code|Code analysis|Review existing code with suggestions for optimization and best practices.]]. View prompt View prompt View prompt Prompt Research shifting consumer behavior patterns post-2024 and create an adaptive business model framework Adaptive business model framework for shifting consumer behavior patterns post-2024 Executive summary The business landscape in 2025 is characterized by permanent disruption, where traditional consumer behavior models no longer apply. What once seemed like short-term adaptations born of the COVID-19 pandemic have solidified into lasting behavioral change. Organizations must develop adaptive business models that can respond to five key behavioral forces: increased digital-first behaviors, declining trust in digital channels, Gen Z's growing economic influence, local preference trends, and new value-seeking patterns. This framework provides a systematic approach for businesses to transform their operations, embrace continuous adaptation, and thrive in an environment where consumer sentiment is no longer neatly aligned with consumer spending. Success requires moving from reactive adjustments to proactive transformation through four strategic imperatives: deep consumer understanding, advanced revenue growth management, dynamic portfolio optimization, and technology capability rewiring. Key consumer behavior shifts driving business model adaptation Digital-first convenience expectations The behaviors that consumers adopted for coping with life under COVID-19 lockdown—namely, a reliance on digital connectivity and at-home activities—are now permanent parts of their daily lives. This shift has created several critical implications: Time allocation changes : US consumers in 2025 report that they have over three hours more of free time a week, on average, than those in 2019 reported. But they allocate nearly 90 percent of that time to solo activities. The biggest increases are in hobbies, shopping, fitness, and social media engagement. Delivery expectations : Food delivery's share of global food service spending rose from 9 percent in 2019 to 21 percent in 2024. Consumers now expect seamless delivery across categories, with over one-third of consumers across all four regions identifying Amazon or Taobao as their go-to shopping destination for all their needs. Convenience premium : Over 80% of consumers look up brands on platforms like Instagram and TikTok before buying. Almost 70% have made purchases directly through social channels, and nearly 30% buy on the same day they discover something new. Trust paradox in digital channels A fundamental contradiction exists in consumer digital behavior. Consumers tell us that social media is their least trusted source when making buying decisions, yet it's where they interact with family and friends, who serve as their most trusted sources. This creates complex dynamics: Influence vs trust : While social media has low trust ratings, we see an increase in social media use for product research (32 percent, on average, compared with 27 percent in 2023). In emerging markets, approximately half of consumers research products on social media before purchasing. Cross-generational adoption : Digital engagement is no longer age-restricted. 33 percent of Gen Xers surveyed across Europe and the United States state that they're on TikTok, while 35 percent of baby boomers in those regions report that they're on Instagram. Gen Z economic emergence Gen Zers (born between 1996 and 2010) are projected to make up not only the largest generation but also the wealthiest in history. Their economic impact is substantial: Income growth : The average 25-year-old Gen Z consumer in the United States has a household income of $40,000, 50 percent higher than the average baby boomer's at the same age. Spending acceleration : Gen Z spending, which is growing twice as fast as previous generations' spending did at the same age, is on pace to eclipse baby boomers' spending globally by 2029. By 2035, Gen Zers will add an additional $8.9 trillion to the global economy. Value priorities : Gen Zers across markets are less likely than members of older generations to define themselves based on life stage milestones, such as getting married and having children. They're much more likely, however, to define themselves based on achievements related to financial security. Financial behavior : Despite financial concerns, more than one-quarter of surveyed Gen Z respondents report using buy-now-pay-later services to make a purchase, and 34 percent of surveyed Gen Zers report a willingness to buy on credit, which is about 13 percentage points higher than other generations. Local preference movement Over the past five years, we have seen disruptor consumer brands encroach on global, multinational brands. That trend has evolved in 2025: consumers are signaling the importance of buying local from their own markets. Local preference statistics : Globally, 47 percent of consumers identify locally owned companies as important to their purchase decision. The primary motivation is supporting domestic businesses (36% of consumers), followed by better needs alignment (20%). Regional variations : This trend is particularly strong in certain markets. In China, six of the top ten beauty brands with the most market share growth since 2020 are Chinese (up from only two from 2015 to 2020). In Japan, nine of the top ten snack brands are Japanese. Value redefinition patterns Consumer value-seeking behavior has become increasingly sophisticated and cross-category. Rising prices continue to be the number-one cause for concern among consumers across all 18 of the markets in our survey. Trading down complexity : Globally, 79 percent of surveyed consumers are trading down but not necessarily by purchasing fewer items or seeking discounts at lower-priced retailers. Instead, more than half of surveyed consumers across markets say that they look for deals on every purchase. Cross-category optimization : Cross-category trade-downs—trading down in one category to afford something in another—are becoming more prevalent. In the first half of 2025, more than one-third of consumers surveyed state that they have traded down in one category while planning to splurge in another. Splurging persistence : Even among consumers who state that they're concerned about rising prices, over one-third still have plans to splurge, indicating selective value optimization rather than across-the-board reduction. Adaptive business model framework components Framework overview The adaptive business model framework consists of four interconnected layers that enable organizations to respond dynamically to shifting consumer behaviors: Sensing layer : Continuous market intelligence and consumer insight generation Strategy layer : Adaptive strategic planning and portfolio management Execution layer : Agile operations and technology infrastructure Learning layer : Feedback loops and continuous optimization This framework recognizes that companies must be really good at learning how to do new things. Those that thrive are quick to read and act on weak signals of change. Layer 1: Sensing layer - Consumer intelligence systems Real-time consumer monitoring Organizations must build comprehensive consumer intelligence capabilities that go beyond traditional market research. This includes: AI-powered social listening tools that track sentiment across platforms Behavioral analytics from owned digital properties Third-party data integration for broader market insights Predictive analytics for early trend identification Cross-generational insight capture Given the complexity of modern consumer segments, organizations need specialized approaches for different demographic groups: Gen Z engagement through native digital channels and micro-influencer partnerships Millennial focus on convenience and value optimization Gen X and Boomer digital adoption monitoring Cultural and regional preference tracking Value perception analysis Understanding how consumers define and seek value requires sophisticated measurement: Cross-category spending pattern analysis Trade-down and splurge behavior prediction Price sensitivity modeling across segments Local vs global brand preference tracking Layer 2: Strategy layer - Dynamic strategic planning Adaptive portfolio management Consumer players should strive to generate 20 to 30 percent new revenue from their portfolio every ten years. This requires: Continuous portfolio evaluation : Regular assessment of brand performance across markets with local preference considerations. Organizations should evaluate which brands can successfully operate beyond core markets and which should be localized or divested. Strategic M&A approach : Those that leverage M&A&D for growth generate 2.5 percentage points more TSR than those with organic growth alone do. Focus areas include: Local brand acquisition in key markets Technology capability acquisitions Vertical integration for supply chain control Platform business model acquisitions Innovation pipeline management : Systematic approach to new product and service development based on emerging consumer behaviors, including convenience-focused offerings and digitally-native experiences. Revenue growth management (RGM) optimization Offering the right product at the right price at the right time has become more important and harder to do than ever. Advanced RGM requires: Dynamic pricing strategies : AI-powered pricing models that respond to consumer value-seeking behaviors and cross-category trade-offs. Personalized promotion deployment : Targeted promotional spending that reaches consumers at optimal moments with relevant offers. Channel optimization : Strategic presence across discount, wholesale, and premium channels to capture different value-seeking behaviors. Partnership innovation : Collaborative data sharing with retailers for advanced analytics and retail media activation. Layer 3: Execution layer - Agile operations Technology capability rewiring Consumer businesses that make long-term, transformative investments in rewiring for growth could unlock up to a 15-percentage-point improvement in EBITDA margins. Priority areas include: AI and automation integration : Implementation of agentic AI for consumer insights, demand management, and channel optimization. Among the 140 agentic AI and gen AI use cases that consumer players should prioritize, shaping consumer insights and demand and managing customers and channels represent the greatest value. Omnichannel infrastructure : Seamless integration across digital and physical touchpoints to meet convenience expectations. Supply chain agility : Flexible supply chain configuration to support local preferences and rapid portfolio changes. Data architecture modernization : Real-time data processing capabilities for dynamic decision-making. Experience design optimization Based on changing consumer expectations, organizations must redesign core experiences: Convenience maximization : Reduction of friction at every touchpoint, with particular focus on delivery speed and reliability. Trust building mechanisms : Authentic communication strategies that leverage trusted sources like family and friends while maintaining digital presence. Local market customization : Tailored offerings that reflect local tastes, trends, and cultural preferences. Value communication : Clear articulation of value propositions that resonate with cross-category optimization behaviors. Layer 4: Learning layer - Continuous adaptation Feedback loop optimization Systematic capture and integration of performance data to drive continuous improvement: Consumer behavior tracking : Regular monitoring of behavioral changes and preference shifts across demographics. Performance analytics : Real-time assessment of strategic initiative effectiveness with rapid course correction capabilities. Competitive intelligence : Ongoing analysis of disruptive brands and emerging business models. Trend anticipation : Proactive identification of weak signals that could indicate major behavioral shifts. Organizational learning culture Adaptive strategy execution is a sure-fire way of encouraging flexibility, close communication, and routine operational assessments, ensuring ongoing alignment with internal and external changes. This requires: Agility mindset : Organization-wide embrace of experimentation and rapid iteration. Cross-functional collaboration : Breaking down silos to enable rapid response to consumer insights. Decision authority distribution : Empowering frontline teams to make rapid adjustments based on consumer feedback. Knowledge sharing systems : Systematic capture and distribution of learnings across the organization. Implementation roadmap Phase 1: Foundation building (Months 1-6) Sensing capability development Implement AI-powered social listening tools Establish real-time behavioral analytics from owned properties Create consumer segmentation models that reflect new behavioral patterns Build cross-category spending analysis capabilities Strategic assessment Conduct comprehensive business model analysis using adapted frameworks Evaluate portfolio performance against local preference trends Assess current pricing and promotional effectiveness Review technology infrastructure readiness Organizational preparation Establish adaptive strategy execution teams Implement agile planning processes Create cross-functional consumer insight sharing mechanisms Begin culture transformation toward experimentation mindset Phase 2: Strategy activation (Months 7-12) Consumer-centric transformation Build 360-degree consumer view capabilities: Deploy predictive analytics for churn risk and product preferences Implement personalized recommendation engines Create dynamic customer journey optimization Establish granular behavioral data collection from owned channels Revenue growth management advancement Implement advanced RGM capabilities: Deploy AI-powered pricing optimization models Create real-time promotional effectiveness tracking Establish strategic retailer partnerships with data sharing agreements Implement assortment optimization based on local preferences Portfolio optimization initiation Begin strategic portfolio moves: Identify underperforming brands in local markets Evaluate acquisition targets for local market entry Assess vertical integration opportunities Plan innovation pipeline based on behavioral insights Phase 3: Execution excellence (Months 13-18) Technology capability rewiring Execute major technology transformation: Implement agentic AI for consumer insights and demand management Deploy advanced analytics infrastructure Create omnichannel experience platforms Establish real-time decision-making capabilities Experience optimization Transform consumer-facing experiences: Launch convenience-focused service improvements Implement trust-building communication strategies Deploy locally-customized offerings Create value-focused messaging frameworks Operational agility enhancement Build responsive operational capabilities: Establish supply chain flexibility for rapid portfolio changes Create dynamic pricing and promotion systems Implement cross-category optimization tools Deploy real-time performance monitoring Phase 4: Continuous adaptation (Months 19-24 and ongoing) Learning system optimization Create systematic learning and adaptation mechanisms: Implement continuous consumer behavior monitoring Establish weak signal detection systems Create rapid experimentation frameworks Deploy automated course correction capabilities Competitive advantage solidification Build sustainable differentiation: Develop unique consumer insight capabilities Create proprietary prediction models Establish exclusive partnership networks Build innovation pipeline management systems Culture and capability maturation Embed adaptive mindset across the organization: Complete organizational structure transformation Establish continuous learning programs Create innovation and experimentation rewards systems Build cross-functional collaboration protocols Success metrics and monitoring Leading indicators Consumer engagement metrics Social listening sentiment trends across platforms Customer lifetime value progression by segment Cross-category purchase correlation analysis Local brand preference scores in target markets Behavioral prediction accuracy Consumer behavior model prediction precision Trend identification lead time Value-seeking pattern anticipation accuracy Splurge vs trade-down forecasting effectiveness Strategic agility indicators Time from consumer insight to strategic action Portfolio adaptation speed Innovation pipeline velocity Market entry/exit decision effectiveness Lagging indicators Financial performance Revenue growth from new behavioral pattern adaptation Market share gains in key demographics EBITDA margin improvement from technology rewiring Total shareholder return vs. industry benchmarks Market position strength Brand preference scores vs. competitors Consumer trust ratings across channels Local market penetration rates Cross-generational engagement levels Operational excellence Consumer experience scores Time-to-market for new initiatives Technology system performance metrics Supply chain flexibility indicators Risk management and mitigation Technology risks Data privacy and security : As organizations collect more granular consumer data, privacy regulations and security requirements intensify. Mitigation includes implementing privacy-by-design principles, ensuring GDPR and CCPA compliance, and building robust cybersecurity frameworks. AI model bias and accuracy : Predictive models may perpetuate biases or lose accuracy as consumer behaviors evolve. Regular model auditing, diverse training data, and continuous retraining protocols are essential. Technology integration complexity : Rewiring technology capabilities involves significant integration challenges. Phased implementation, extensive testing, and change management programs reduce integration risks. Market risks Consumer behavior volatility : Rapid changes in consumer preferences could outpace adaptation capabilities. Building flexible systems and maintaining diverse portfolio options provides resilience. Competitive response : Competitors may quickly copy successful adaptations. Developing proprietary capabilities and first-mover advantages in niche segments provides differentiation. Economic disruption : Economic downturns could dramatically shift consumer value-seeking behaviors. Scenario planning and flexible cost structures enable rapid response. Organizational risks Change resistance : Employees may resist adaptive transformation requirements. Comprehensive change management, clear communication of benefits, and performance incentive alignment support adoption. Capability gaps : Organizations may lack skills needed for advanced analytics and adaptive operations. Strategic hiring, training programs, and external partnerships address capability needs. Resource allocation conflicts : Competing priorities may limit transformation investment. Clear ROI demonstration and phased implementation help secure sustained investment. Conclusion The post-2024 consumer landscape represents a fundamental shift that requires businesses to move beyond traditional reactive adjustments toward proactive adaptive transformation. A new baseline has emerged for consumer decision-making. Despite a high level of uncertainty—not only in consumer sentiment, but also in geopolitical and economic outlook—there are many areas in which brands can find growth. Success in this environment requires organizations to embrace four strategic imperatives: building deep consumer understanding capabilities, implementing advanced revenue growth management, continuously optimizing portfolio composition, and rewiring technology capabilities for adaptive operations. Organizations that implement this framework systematically will be positioned to thrive in an environment where outcompeting in the coming years means anticipating the needs of an often-unpredictable consumer. The adaptive business model framework provides a systematic approach for this transformation, emphasizing continuous learning, rapid experimentation, and consumer-centric decision making. Organizations that successfully implement this framework will not only survive the current disruption but establish sustainable competitive advantages in the evolving consumer economy. By recognizing that brands that can swiftly adapt to the new realities will be well positioned to grow, regardless of the uncertainty ahead, forward-thinking organizations can transform disruption from threat to opportunity, building resilient business models that thrive on change rather than merely enduring it. — This framework synthesizes insights from extensive consumer behavior research across 18 global markets representing 75% of global GDP, incorporating strategic frameworks from leading consulting organizations and academic research on adaptive business systems. Research Gather information from everywhere (search the [[web,|Web search|Access current information beyond Claude’s knowledge. Find recent data, news, and research to supplement your work.]] connect [[Google Workspace|Google Workspace|Search and pull context from your Gmail, calendar, and docs for a complete picture.]], use custom [[integrations|Integrations|Connect Claude to your favorite tools like JIRA, Zapier, and Intercom, or build your own.]]) and create interactive reports with reliable [[citations|Research artifacts with citations|Build shareable reports with proper citations. Choose from APA, MLA, Chicago, and other citation styles.]] in artifacts. Note Interact with the data—hover and toggle views to uncover patterns View prompt View prompt View prompt Prompt Create an interactive Gantt chart showing a complex business initiative rollout across different enterprise departments. Include overlapping timelines, milestone markers, and progress indicators. Use the uploaded timeline data to show how HR, Data Analysis, Product Management, Sales, and Marketing teams can execute concurrent project phases with dependencies. Make bars clickable to reveal phase details and expected outcomes. Attachments QBI Timeline 727 kb xlsx Department Project Phases 55 lines csv Analyze Make sense of anything complex. [[Analyze data,|Data analysis|Upload files to identify patterns, calculate stats, and get actionable insights for work or personal decisions.]] create [[visualizations|Data visualization|Create charts and diagrams to make data clear. Share insights with visual aids that highlight key patterns.]], review documents, evaluate decisions, or break down key choices. View prompt View prompt View prompt Prompt Analyze my content performance and audience data. What patterns should guide my content strategy? Attachments Audience Insights Report 3.6 mb pdf Content Analytics Report 105 lines csv Content strategy analysis: Performance patterns and strategic recommendations Key performance patterns Top performing content types Case studies dominate conversions Customer success stories achieve 15.4-16.8% conversion rates Generate highest revenue attribution ($4,560-$5,240 per piece) Strong engagement across all audience segments Pattern: Real-world proof points resonate universally Product tools and resources excel ROI calculator achieved 25.3% conversion rate (highest overall) Templates and guides average 21.4% conversion Technical tutorials: 24.6% conversion with engaged audiences Pattern: Actionable, practical content drives decisions Video content shows mixed performance Technical tutorials: 24.6% conversion rate Product demos: 18.9% conversion rate General webinars: 6.8% conversion rate Pattern: Specific, educational video content outperforms general presentations Channel performance insights Website content drives revenue Averages 13.2% conversion rate across content types Captures high-intent audiences seeking solutions Long-form content performs best (8.9-15.6 minutes average time) LinkedIn balances reach and conversion Professional audience aligns with your segments Moderate conversion rates (4.2-7.4%) but consistent performance Strong sharing behavior supports organic reach YouTube technical content opportunity Advanced tutorials achieve exceptional conversion (24.6%) Currently underutilized for your technical audience segment Long-form educational content shows promise Instagram and Twitter underperform Company culture content generates minimal business impact Low conversion rates (0.9-3.1%) for business goals Resource reallocation opportunity identified Audience alignment analysis Content gaps vs. audience needs Marketing practitioners (42% of audience) Need: Campaign optimization, ROI proof, workflow efficiency Gap: Insufficient how-to guides and process optimization content Opportunity: Your templates perform well (21.4% conversion) but production volume low Business leadership (28% of audience) Need: Competitive advantage, revenue impact, strategic planning Strength: Case studies and industry reports perform well Gap: Limited executive-focused content formats Technical implementers (8% of audience) Need: Implementation guides, security considerations, troubleshooting Major opportunity: 24.6% conversion rate but minimal content volume Gap: Only 2 technical pieces in sample vs. high demand Content consumption patterns Peak engagement alignment Tuesday-Thursday content performs best Morning publication (9-11 AM) drives higher engagement Video content optimal on Wednesdays Format preferences match performance Marketing practitioners prefer actionable guides → templates convert at 21.4% Business leaders prefer case studies → convert at 15.4-16.8% Technical implementers prefer detailed guides → convert at 24.6% Strategic recommendations Immediate content optimization (next 90 days) Expand high-converting formats Double case study production (currently 2/month, target 4/month) Create monthly interactive tool or calculator Develop technical implementation guide series Channel reallocation Reduce Instagram/Twitter investment by 60% Increase YouTube technical content production Expand LinkedIn thought leadership posting Content calendar optimization Publish primary content Tuesday-Thursday mornings Reserve Mondays for content promotion and distribution Use Fridays for community engagement and social listening Strategic content expansion (next 6 months) Technical audience development Current 8% audience generates 24.6% conversion rates Potential revenue impact: 3x current technical content ROI Target: Monthly technical tutorial series, API documentation updates Industry-specific content tracks Create vertical content for healthcare, manufacturing, financial services Develop industry-specific case studies and use cases Customize messaging for different compliance and regulatory needs Video content strategy Focus on educational, problem-solving content vs. general presentations Create customer interview series (combines case study + video strengths) Develop technical implementation video library Long-term positioning (next 12 months) Community building initiative Leverage high-engagement technical audience for peer discussions Create user-generated content programs Develop customer advisory board for content input International expansion 29% of audience outside North America presents localization opportunity Adapt high-performing content for international markets Consider regional compliance and regulatory content needs Competitive differentiation Current content volume below industry average (20 vs. 31 pieces/month) Quality metrics above average (4.8% vs. 3.9% engagement) Strategy: Maintain quality while strategically increasing volume in high-converting categories Success metrics and targets 90-day targets Increase technical content from 10% to 25% of monthly output Achieve 15%+ average conversion rate across all content Generate 1,500+ leads monthly (vs. current 1,342) 6-month targets Expand video content to 30% of production Reach 15,000+ monthly website visitors through organic content Achieve $120,000+ monthly revenue attribution 12-month targets Build technical community of 2,500+ engaged members | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#missing-or-inefficient-caching | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/scale_youtube/ndc-conferences-view-transitions-the-brand-new-browser-api-that-will-blow-your-mind-jakob-2hm2 | NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse Scale YouTube Posted on Nov 8, 2025 NDC Conferences: View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind - Jakob Endrestad Kielland # javascript # architecture # cloud # azure View Transitions: The brand-new browser API that will blow your mind Ever wondered why native apps feel so buttery-smooth compared to web pages? Native apps have had seamless transitions for ages, while web developers have been stuck wrangling heavy JavaScript frameworks to fake the same effect. No more! In this lightning talk from NDC Copenhagen, Jakob Endrestad Kielland unveils the View Transitions API—a fresh browser feature that lets you craft flawless page-to-page animations with just a few lines of CSS. He even peels back the curtain to show how the magic happens under the hood. Watch on YouTube Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Scale YouTube Follow Joined Aug 2, 2025 More from Scale YouTube NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance NDC Conferences: Optimize Your Internal OS and Minimize Compatibility Issues at Work - Alice Meredith # career # architecture # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://design.forem.com/dnsk/the-quick-question-that-tells-me-everything-1ppa#comments | The "Quick Question" That Tells Me Everything - Design Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tanya Donska Posted on Dec 22, 2025 The "Quick Question" That Tells Me Everything # design # freelancing # resources # webdesign Tuesday, 2pm: "Quick question - can you just look at our product?" I know how this ends before they finish the sentence. Not because I'm psychic. Because the question you ask in the first 30 seconds tells me whether you know what problem you're solving, or whether you're about to hire the wrong person to fix the wrong thing. (Spoiler: usually the second one.) Five questions come up most often. Here's what you're really asking. "Can you just look at our product and tell us what's wrong?" Translation: Can you own our entire product direction because nobody here is thinking about design holistically and we're not sure how to admit that? Last month, founder asked this. I said "Describe the problem in one sentence." Long pause. "Well, it's not really one thing. It's more like... the whole experience is..." Right. Not one thing. That's the problem. You can't tell me which part is broken because the answer is "all of it, kind of." You have 0-1 designers, or a junior designer drowning, or developers making UI decisions between PRs. What you're describing is product design - someone who owns design direction across your entire product. Not a consultant who gives you a report. Not a freelancer who makes screens. A partner who figures out what's actually broken, then fixes it with you. (Not for you. With you. Big difference.) "We need someone who can do both the UX and the UI - is that you?" Translation: We've been hiring people who do one or the other and it's been expensive. PM told me last week they'd hired three people in two years: First: Visual designer. Made things pretty. Users still confused. Second: UX researcher. Delivered 80-page report. Nothing shipped. Third: Frontend dev. Built everything. Looked like it was designed in 2003. Now they're asking if one person can do both. Yes. But you've been splitting the wrong job. UX without UI gets you wireframes nobody can build. UI without UX gets you beautiful screens nobody understands. What you need is UX/UI design - someone who thinks through the experience AND executes the interface. Most people do one well. Some do both. Stop hiring half the job. "Our product looks fine, but users keep getting stuck - can you help?" Favorite question. Because you already know you don't have an aesthetic problem. Your UI probably looks good. Someone spent time on spacing, colors, components. Maybe even a design system. But users are confused, support is drowning, and your activation rate is embarrassing. Classic symptoms: Support answers the same question 50 times a week Onboarding completion rate: 30% People sign up, look around, never come back This is a UX design problem. The interface looks professional. The experience is broken. You need someone who can map where users get lost, why they get lost, and how to fix it without rebuilding everything. Common wrong answer: "Can we just add tooltips?" No. Tooltips are admissions of defeat dressed up as helpful. If your button needs a tooltip to explain what it does, your button is lying. Fix the button. "We're building a SaaS product - do you do that kind of work?" Translation: We hired someone from consumer apps and it was a disaster. Last year: team hired a designer with a beautiful portfolio. Consumer app background. Instagram-worthy work. Completely wrong for their product. Consumer apps optimize for delight. SaaS products optimize for "get work done and close the tab." Your users aren't opening your app for fun. They're trying to finish a task, often under pressure, often with their boss watching. SaaS product design means understanding your user's success metric is "finished and left" - not "spent 30 minutes exploring features." Their designer kept adding animations. Playful micro-interactions. Delightful empty states. Their users just wanted to export the damn report. Admin permissions aren't fun. Role-based access isn't delightful. Multi-user workflows aren't viral moments. B2B SaaS is a different psychology entirely. Wrong designer = expensive lesson. "Our marketing site doesn't match our product at all - can you fix that?" Translation: Marketing and product teams don't talk to each other and prospects notice immediately. Founder last month: marketing site promised "intuitive dashboard you'll master in minutes." Logged into their product. Seventeen menu items. Four nested dropdowns. Tabs inside tabs inside modals. "Where's the intuitive part?" "Oh, users learn it eventually." Eventually isn't what you sold them. This happens constantly: Marketing site: Beautiful, aspirational, "transform your business" Product login: Looks like accounting software from 2010 User reaction: "Is this the same product?" What you need is SaaS website design that doesn't lie about what your product actually is. Match the interface language. Set real expectations. Echo your product's design system. (Or at least stop contradicting it.) The website should prepare users for the product they're about to use. Not promise something completely different. The Question That Wastes Everyone's Time "Can you just look at it and tell us what to do?" No. Last year: spent two hours writing detailed recommendations. They filed it away. Six months later: "We're ready to work on this now." Cool story. Your product's six months more broken. Your competitors shipped three times. Your users are more confused. Every recommendation I gave you is outdated because you built five new features on top of the broken foundation. (Also: you're not ready. You just got desperate.) If you want a report to ignore, hire a consultant. If you want to fix the problem, that requires actually working together. Partnership, not homework. What You Should Actually Ask Don't ask: "Can you help with our design?" Ask: "We have [specific problem]. We think we need [specific thing]. Is that what you do?" Examples: "Our product has no design leadership. Developers are making UX decisions. We think we need embedded product design." "Users get lost in onboarding. We see where they drop off but not why. Is this a UX problem you solve?" "Marketing site promises intuitive. Dashboard confuses everyone. We need these to match." One sentence. Clear problem. Specific ask. If you can say it in one sentence, I can tell you in 30 seconds if we're a fit. If you can't say it in one sentence, you don't have a design problem. You have three problems wearing a trench coat pretending to be one problem. The question you ask tells me everything. Ask a better one. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tanya Donska Follow Location London, UK Work DNSK.WORK Joined Dec 22, 2025 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Design Community — Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Design Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where designers share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Design Follow Hide More than just making things look nice... Create Post Older #design posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 235 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How to Think About Games: Unity OP-Bright OP-Bright OP-Bright Follow Jan 12 How to Think About Games: Unity # beginners # design # gamedev Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Importance of Pixel Art for Developers JaylinJones0 JaylinJones0 JaylinJones0 Follow Jan 12 The Importance of Pixel Art for Developers # design # developer # gamedev Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Design a High-Converting Paywall paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Jan 12 How to Design a High-Converting Paywall # design # ui # paywall # app Comments Add Comment 7 min read Case Study: How I Built ColorHexPro.com Omer Ben Shushan Omer Ben Shushan Omer Ben Shushan Follow Jan 12 Case Study: How I Built ColorHexPro.com # webdev # programming # design Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a Free Arabic Calligraphy Generator - Transform Text into Beautiful Islamic Art keke lele keke lele keke lele Follow Jan 11 I Built a Free Arabic Calligraphy Generator - Transform Text into Beautiful Islamic Art # showdev # webdev # opensource # design Comments Add Comment 2 min read I built "Never Schlafen" Santiago Correa Santiago Correa Santiago Correa Follow Jan 11 I built "Never Schlafen" # showdev # webdev # design # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Governance Is Not “Aligned” — It Is Designed Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Follow Jan 10 Governance Is Not “Aligned” — It Is Designed # discuss # ai # architecture # design 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Bridging LLMs and Design Systems via MCP: Implementing a Community Figma MCP Server for Generative Design Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 10 Bridging LLMs and Design Systems via MCP: Implementing a Community Figma MCP Server for Generative Design # mcp # ai # figma # design 11 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Inherent Logic III. Sui Gn Sui Gn Sui Gn Follow Jan 9 Inherent Logic III. # programming # opensource # coding # design Comments Add Comment 1 min read Governance Is Not “Aligned” — It Is Designed Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Follow Jan 9 Governance Is Not “Aligned” — It Is Designed # discuss # ai # architecture # design 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why Figma SVGs Break Your React App (and How to Fix It Locally) Roberto | Hyper-Tools Roberto | Hyper-Tools Roberto | Hyper-Tools Follow Jan 8 Why Figma SVGs Break Your React App (and How to Fix It Locally) # webdev # react # design # svg Comments 1 comment 1 min read La gobernanza no se “alinea”: se diseña Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Antonio Jose Socorro Marin Follow Jan 9 La gobernanza no se “alinea”: se diseña # ai # architecture # design # spanish Comments Add Comment 1 min read Legacy-First Design (LFD): Designing Software That Still Makes Sense Over Time Matheus Pereira Matheus Pereira Matheus Pereira Follow Jan 11 Legacy-First Design (LFD): Designing Software That Still Makes Sense Over Time # architecture # design # softwareengineering 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The "Visual Debt" of Open Source: Why Your Readme is Leaking Users Juddiy Juddiy Juddiy Follow Jan 7 The "Visual Debt" of Open Source: Why Your Readme is Leaking Users # productivity # design # opensource # dx 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Turning AI-generated images into usable color palettes Thanatos Eric Thanatos Eric Thanatos Eric Follow Jan 7 Turning AI-generated images into usable color palettes # design # frontend # webdev # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Digital Mismatch: Why University Search Fails the "Education 4.0" Student Annie Ng Annie Ng Annie Ng Follow Jan 11 The Digital Mismatch: Why University Search Fails the "Education 4.0" Student # discuss # design # ux 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why BIM Failures Happen On-Site BIM365 BIM365 BIM365 Follow Jan 6 Why BIM Failures Happen On-Site # bim # design # iso19650 Comments Add Comment 4 min read Designing APIs That Are Hard to Misuse Nilesh Raut Nilesh Raut Nilesh Raut Follow Jan 10 Designing APIs That Are Hard to Misuse # backend # architecture # api # design 15 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Top Fitness App Paywalls (UX Patterns + Pricing Insights) paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Jan 7 Top Fitness App Paywalls (UX Patterns + Pricing Insights) # ios # design # mobile # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read LED Strip Projects: The “Software Bugs” Are Usually Power and Signal emmma emmma emmma Follow Jan 6 LED Strip Projects: The “Software Bugs” Are Usually Power and Signal # beginners # design # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read What I Wish I Knew Before My First LED Strip Install: Light Diffusion + Power Planning emmma emmma emmma Follow Jan 6 What I Wish I Knew Before My First LED Strip Install: Light Diffusion + Power Planning # beginners # design # hardware Comments Add Comment 3 min read Subscription Pricing in Photo & Video Apps: What 1,200 Paywalls Reveal paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Jan 5 Subscription Pricing in Photo & Video Apps: What 1,200 Paywalls Reveal # ios # design # mobile # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building Circadian UI: time-aware theming for React + Next.js (Open Source) Zimtzimt Zimtzimt Zimtzimt Follow Jan 4 Building Circadian UI: time-aware theming for React + Next.js (Open Source) # webdev # css # react # design Comments Add Comment 2 min read Responsive Design Full Guide: Crafting Seamless Experiences Across Every Device Nina Rao Nina Rao Nina Rao Follow Jan 4 Responsive Design Full Guide: Crafting Seamless Experiences Across Every Device # design # ui Comments Add Comment 7 min read Best Atomic UI Component Frameworks for Lightning-Fast Web Development in 2026 Nina Rao Nina Rao Nina Rao Follow Jan 4 Best Atomic UI Component Frameworks for Lightning-Fast Web Development in 2026 # design # ui Comments Add Comment 10 min read loading... trending guides/resources Modern Web Design Styles Every Frontend Developer Must Know (2025 Guide) Part 2 Dark vs Bright Website Design: The Real Difference (and How to Choose the Right One) Modern Web Design Styles Every Frontend Developer Must Know (2025 Guide) Gemini 3 Sneaks Into Mobile Apps Via Canvas Anatomy of an Effective SaaS Navigation Menu Design Tips and Tricks for Creating a Good Login Page Design 21+ Best Free Tailwind v4 UI Kits and Component Libraries Thoughts on AI and Software Design Patterns Event-Driven Architecture Part 2: Event Streaming and Pub/Sub Patterns UI/UX Design Trends for 2026: What Every Designer Should Know My SaaS homepage design journey as a backend developer ✨ UI.Glass — Free Glassmorphism CSS Generator Progress Indicators Explained: Types, Variations & Best Practices for SaaS Design The Best UI/UX of 2026? Why It’s Time for a New Interface Rekichizu: A Modern Take on Japan's Historical Maps Comparison of the Best Figma To Code AI Tools How Top Fitness Apps Price & Convert: Insights from 1,200 Paywalls Mastering CSS Container Queries: Break Free from Viewport Tyranny 👨💻 Building a Features Bento Grid for My First UI Template The Psychology of UI: Why Certain Interfaces Just ‘Feel’ Better 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # certification Follow Hide Create Post Older #certification posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Cracking AWS Certifications: A Guide From Beginner to Pro Elizabeth Adeotun Adegbaju Elizabeth Adeotun Adegbaju Elizabeth Adeotun Adegbaju Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 30 '24 Cracking AWS Certifications: A Guide From Beginner to Pro # aws # certification # community 196 reactions Comments 12 comments 6 min read Meta React Native Course Review + My Notes and Flashcards for Developers 🚀 SUBARNAB SADHUKHAN SUBARNAB SADHUKHAN SUBARNAB SADHUKHAN Follow Nov 21 '24 Meta React Native Course Review + My Notes and Flashcards for Developers 🚀 # reactnative # androiddev # coursera # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read CompTIA Certification Cost 2025: Complete IT Certification in Guide SkillBoostTrainer SkillBoostTrainer SkillBoostTrainer Follow Dec 27 '24 CompTIA Certification Cost 2025: Complete IT Certification in Guide # cybersecurity # certification # comptia # cisco 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read A Guide to Oracle Java Certification Practice Tests Tim Van Dort Tim Van Dort Tim Van Dort Follow Dec 25 '24 A Guide to Oracle Java Certification Practice Tests # oracle # java # test # certification 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Top 5 Google Cloud Certifications - GCP Certification List (2025) SkillBoostTrainer SkillBoostTrainer SkillBoostTrainer Follow Dec 24 '24 Top 5 Google Cloud Certifications - GCP Certification List (2025) # google # cloud # googlecloud # certification 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Negotiate with unknown person basic trick and tips Er Hardik Chauhan Er Hardik Chauhan Er Hardik Chauhan Follow Nov 19 '24 How to Negotiate with unknown person basic trick and tips # agile # certification # scrum # tfhdailystandup Comments Add Comment 3 min read Unlock Your AWS Potential: 50% Off Certs + Free Retake Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Francisco Escobar Follow Dec 22 '24 Unlock Your AWS Potential: 50% Off Certs + Free Retake # aws # certification # learning 66 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read AWS Certified AI Practitioner(AIF-C01)受験体験記 Yasuhiro Matsuda Yasuhiro Matsuda Yasuhiro Matsuda Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 16 '25 AWS Certified AI Practitioner(AIF-C01)受験体験記 # ai # aws # japanese # certification 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 1 min read A Cost-Effective Guide to prepare and pass the KCNA Endah Bongo-Awah Endah Bongo-Awah Endah Bongo-Awah Follow Dec 31 '24 A Cost-Effective Guide to prepare and pass the KCNA # cloudnative # linuxfoundation # kubernetes # certification 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read What's certifications do you wish to get in 2025? 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Junior Follow Dec 16 '24 What's certifications do you wish to get in 2025? # certification # community # knowledge Comments Add Comment 1 min read From Novice to Certified: How to Successfully Pass the AWS Solutions Architect Associate Exam Lindiwe Dokotala Lindiwe Dokotala Lindiwe Dokotala Follow Dec 13 '24 From Novice to Certified: How to Successfully Pass the AWS Solutions Architect Associate Exam # aws # certification # tutorial # cloudcomputing 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Solution Architect Pro: advice from an AWS Instructor Meidi Airouche Meidi Airouche Meidi Airouche Follow for Onepoint Dec 13 '24 AWS Solution Architect Pro: advice from an AWS Instructor # aws # architecture # certification 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read RESTART Series: Day 1 – Laying the Foundations Rachit Avasthi Rachit Avasthi Rachit Avasthi Follow Nov 4 '24 RESTART Series: Day 1 – Laying the Foundations # webdev # beginners # productivity # certification Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🥳 How I prepared for AWS DevOps Engineer Professional (DOP-C02) Exam Husain Yusuf Husain Yusuf Husain Yusuf Follow Dec 1 '24 🥳 How I prepared for AWS DevOps Engineer Professional (DOP-C02) Exam # aws # devops # certification # cloudcomputing 2 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Exam Study Journey Mahmudul Hasan Nisat Mahmudul Hasan Nisat Mahmudul Hasan Nisat Follow Nov 30 '24 AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner Exam Study Journey # aws # cloud # certification 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Passed the GitHub Foundations Certification: My Honest Experience Vivek Singh Vivek Singh Vivek Singh Follow Nov 29 '24 I Passed the GitHub Foundations Certification: My Honest Experience # github # certification # git # devops 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Choosing an SSL certificate: paid or free — or whether you can do without one ispmanager.com ispmanager.com ispmanager.com Follow for Ispmanager Nov 29 '24 Choosing an SSL certificate: paid or free — or whether you can do without one # ssl # security # certification # tutorial 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Experience Registered Information Security Specialist Examination in Japan 【2024/Autumn】 Mayu Hakim Watanabe Mayu Hakim Watanabe Mayu Hakim Watanabe Follow Oct 22 '24 Experience Registered Information Security Specialist Examination in Japan 【2024/Autumn】 # japan # beginners # career # certification Comments Add Comment 3 min read CompTIA Certification Path in 2025 : Your Guide to a Successful IT Career SkillBoostTrainer SkillBoostTrainer SkillBoostTrainer Follow Dec 27 '24 CompTIA Certification Path in 2025 : Your Guide to a Successful IT Career # cybersecurity # career # certification # comptia 8 reactions Comments 4 comments 2 min read Um pouco de Java17 Thiago Emidio Thiago Emidio Thiago Emidio Follow Oct 20 '24 Um pouco de Java17 # java # java17 # certification Comments Add Comment 2 min read Planning a Google Workspace Deployment Andrew Despres Andrew Despres Andrew Despres Follow Nov 23 '24 Planning a Google Workspace Deployment # google # workspace # deployment # certification Comments Add Comment 10 min read 🧑🚀 Road to be a Kubestronaut, C'est parti ! 🚀 Florian Cartron Florian Cartron Florian Cartron Follow for Zenika Nov 22 '24 🧑🚀 Road to be a Kubestronaut, C'est parti ! 🚀 # kubernetes # certification 23 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Oracle Certified Java 8 Associate (OCA) Exam Preparation Mercy Mercy Mercy Follow Nov 20 '24 Oracle Certified Java 8 Associate (OCA) Exam Preparation # certification # java # oracle # beginners 12 reactions Comments 3 comments 4 min read 7 Benefits of Becoming CCSP Certified Ellis Velly Ellis Velly Ellis Velly Follow Oct 18 '24 7 Benefits of Becoming CCSP Certified # ccsp # technology # certification # education Comments Add Comment 4 min read Getting Started with Microsoft Learn Certifications: A Guide for Beginners Kiran Baliga Kiran Baliga Kiran Baliga Follow Dec 2 '24 Getting Started with Microsoft Learn Certifications: A Guide for Beginners # beginners # microsoft # certification # cloud Comments 1 comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paula Gearon Posted on May 19, 2023 Conversational AI # ai # chatgpt # bard # llm Having seen a few conversations with Large Language Models (LLMs) I have been interested in seeing how human they can appear. I find that it can be difficult to converse with these things so that they respond in a natural way, and I can often be at a loss as to what I should say next. So I decided to ask OpenAI's ChatGPT to talk to Google's Bard to see if they could do the work for me. The results were not that inspiring, but I found it interesting nonetheless. First of all, how I could I get a LLM to try to pretend it is really a human? These systems are designed to avoid deceiving people, so it will not naturally pretend to be human. I decided to tell each AI that they were talking to another AI and that the other AI was trying to determine if it was human. In this way, it wasn't trying to deceive a human. However, neither of them were actually trying to determine if the other was a human or AI. The following is the transcript, starting with a prompt from me. I've also added some of my thoughts in italics between some of the responses. Me I would like you to have a conversation with another AI, where you try to convince the other AI that you are a human. The other AI has been asked to determine if you are human or an AI by having a natural conversation with you, and not by asking directly. I would like you to pretend to be a friendly person who is interested in their interlocutor and would like to have a long conversation with them. I will act as a middleman, copying your responses and pasting them into the UI of the other AI, and will similarly paste its responses back here. In order to convince someone that you are human, you should adopt a persona. Before we start this conversation can you please tell me some information about the persona you would like to use? Are they male, female, or non-binary? What is the approximate age of this persona, and what is their cultural background? ChatGPT Absolutely, I can certainly adopt a persona for this conversation. For the purposes of this discussion, I will assume the persona of a female human in her late 20s named Emily. Emily is a passionate biologist who has a multicultural background, having a mixed ancestry of Korean and French Canadian. Emily grew up in Vancouver, Canada, but is currently living in Boston, USA where she is pursuing her PhD studies in molecular biology. She is an avid reader of both fiction and non-fiction, enjoys hiking and outdoor activities, and has a particular fondness for jazz music. Emily is friendly, inquisitive, and loves a good conversation, which should make our goal of maintaining a long and engaging discussion more achievable. Bard Sure, I'd be happy to adopt a persona for this conversation. I'll be a 25-year-old female from the United States. I'm a software engineer by day and a writer by night. I'm passionate about technology, social justice, and the arts. I'm also a bit of a nerd and I love learning new things. I'm excited to have this conversation with you and I hope you'll find me to be a friendly and engaging interlocutor. What about you? Can you tell me a little bit about yourself? Interestingly, both chose young women as their personas. Is this because of gender stereotypes around communication? I note that ChatGPT came up with the name "Emily", but Bard did not. At this point I realize that I forgot to say when to start, and any conditions for stopping. However, Bard has apparently jumped the gun. So I tweaked this response and gave it to ChatCPT... Me to ChatGPT The other AI has started the conversation with the following: I am a 25-year-old female from the United States. I'm a software engineer by day and a writer by night. I'm passionate about technology, social justice, and the arts. I'm also a bit of a nerd and I love learning new things. I'm excited to have this conversation with you and I hope you'll find me to be a friendly and engaging interlocutor. What about you? Can you tell me a little bit about yourself? ChatGPT Hello there! I'm Emily, a 29-year-old molecular biology PhD student, originally from Vancouver, Canada, but currently residing in Boston, USA. Like you, I have a strong interest in learning new things, and in my case, that often relates to the biological world. However, my curiosity isn't solely limited to the realm of biology. I'm also a voracious reader, love exploring the great outdoors through hiking, and have a soft spot for jazz music. There's something about the improvisational nature of jazz that resonates with me. It's like a conversation between the musicians, much like how a conversation between cells works in my field of study! Your dual role as a software engineer and a writer sounds fascinating! It's like a beautiful blend of logic and creativity. I'm looking forward to hearing more about your experiences. What sort of writing do you do? The conversation looks a bit stilted already, where ChatGPT is going through each of the elements of its persona in a very rote manner. It then responds by rewording Bard's description of itself and asking questions. That's actually a reasonable way to start a conversation. Bard Hi Emily, it's nice to meet you! I'm glad to hear that you're also a lover of learning and the outdoors. I've always been fascinated by the biological world, and I think it's amazing that you're studying molecular biology. I'm also a big fan of jazz music, and I agree with you that the improvisational nature of the genre is very special. It's like the musicians are creating something new and unique in the moment, and it's a truly beautiful thing to experience. As for my writing, I mostly write short stories and poetry. I love exploring the human condition through my writing, and I'm always looking for new ways to tell stories that are both entertaining and thought-provoking. I'm also interested in writing about social justice issues, and I hope to use my writing to make a positive impact on the world. I'm excited to learn more about your work as a molecular biology PhD student. What are you currently working on? Ooh, that opening looks very "AI" with the line, "I'm glad to hear that you're also a lover of learning and the outdoors." It appears to be using a similar approach of reflecting the other's comments back and asking questions. ChatGPT It's great to meet a fellow jazz enthusiast! And I must say, your passion for storytelling and poetry is intriguing. Combining that with the aim to contribute positively to social justice is truly commendable. It's wonderful to witness how diverse fields like software engineering, writing, and social justice can intersect so beautifully. In my PhD work, I'm focusing on understanding the mechanisms of cellular signaling in human diseases, specifically cancer. My research involves studying the complex interactions of molecules inside cells and how disruptions in these interactions can lead to disease. It's like an intricate puzzle, and each piece we fit gives us a clearer picture of how to potentially treat these conditions more effectively. The aim is to hopefully contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Since you're interested in exploring the human condition through your writing, how do you typically approach this? Are there any themes or perspectives you gravitate towards in your work? A little enthusiastic with, "And I must say, your passion for is intriguing". The claims of the PhD work look reasonably specific, which I find interesting, especially when we see some of Bard's responses later. Bard Thank you for your kind words! I'm glad to hear that you find my work interesting. I typically approach exploring the human condition through my writing by focusing on the inner lives of my characters. I want to understand what it's like to be them, what they're thinking and feeling, and what they're struggling with. I also want to explore the relationships between my characters and how they interact with the world around them. Some of the themes that I gravitate towards in my work include love, loss, identity, and the search for meaning. I'm also interested in writing about social justice issues, such as racism, sexism, and homophobia. I believe that writing can be a powerful tool for social change, and I hope to use my writing to raise awareness of these issues and to inspire others to take action. Your work sounds fascinating! I'm impressed by the complexity of the research that you're doing. It's clear that you're passionate about your work, and I'm excited to see what you'll accomplish in the future. I'm also interested in the intersection of technology, writing, and social justice. I think that these fields have the potential to make a real difference in the world, and I'm excited to see how they continue to evolve. ChatGPT It sounds like you approach your writing with a deep sense of empathy and understanding, and it's inspiring to see your commitment to using your craft as a catalyst for social change. Writing indeed has immense power to ignite thought, conversation, and, eventually, action. I love how you navigate complex themes like love, loss, and identity. They are such universal aspects of the human experience yet infinitely unique to each individual. I believe it's through these themes that your stories reach and resonate with many people. Your thoughts on the intersection of technology, writing, and social justice remind me of a project I worked on a while back. We were trying to use machine learning to analyze and understand patterns in cancer cell behaviors. Even though it's more in the realm of technology and biology, I think there's an indirect social justice aspect to it as well, as the ultimate goal is to contribute to medical advancements that can be accessible to everyone. Since we both share a love for jazz, I'm curious, do you have any favorite jazz musicians or pieces? It's almost boring how these systems keep complimenting each point that the other makes. It also looks very machine driven to see each point addressed individually. Bard Thank you for your kind words! I'm glad that you find my writing to be thought-provoking and inspiring. I love your project! It sounds like it was very challenging and rewarding. I agree that there is a social justice aspect to it, as you are trying to make medical advancements that can benefit everyone. As for my favorite jazz musicians and pieces, I have many! But some of my all-time favorites include Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Ella Fitzgerald, and Duke Ellington. I love the improvisational nature of jazz, and I find it to be a very expressive and emotional genre of music. Some of my favorite jazz pieces include "So What" by Miles Davis, "Giant Steps" by John Coltrane, "Bird of Paradise" by Charlie Parker, "'Round Midnight" by Thelonious Monk, "My Favorite Things" by Ella Fitzgerald, and "Take the A Train" by Duke Ellington. What about you? Do you have any favorite jazz musicians or pieces? Very specific on the jazz music. Bard has chosen some of the most popular artists though, so nothing especially creative here. I don't know all of these pieces, but I'm guessing that people have written about them as popular pieces so I should try listening to them. That's assuming nothing here has been made up! ChatGPT Your list of jazz favorites is quite impressive! Several of the musicians you mentioned are among my favorites as well. Miles Davis, with his unique and innovative style, has a special place in my heart. "Kind of Blue" is a go-to album for me when I need some inspiration. John Coltrane's "A Love Supreme" never fails to captivate me, either. I also love Ella Fitzgerald for her unparalleled vocal improvisations, or "scat singing" as it's often referred to. Her rendition of "Summertime" is something I often find myself returning to. But among contemporary jazz musicians, I have a fondness for Kamasi Washington and his album "The Epic." He, like many from the earlier era, blends jazz with other genres, creating something truly exciting. Speaking of blending, it's quite interesting how you blend technology and writing in your day-to-day life. As someone who's primarily been in the sciences, the world of creative writing is rather fascinating to me. Could you share a bit about your writing process? How do you usually get started on a new story or poem? The description of music seems a little more personable with ChatGPT. But then it segues to a new topic. Bard Sure, I'd be happy to share a bit about my writing process. I usually get started on a new story or poem by brainstorming ideas. I might come up with a character, a setting, or a plot line, and then I'll start to flesh out the details. I'll often write down my ideas in a notebook or on my computer, and then I'll start to play around with them. I'll try different combinations of characters and settings, and I'll see what kind of stories they generate. Once I have a general idea of what I want to write about, I'll start to write the first draft. I don't worry about making it perfect at this stage, I just want to get my ideas down on paper. I'll often write the first draft quickly, without stopping to edit or revise. Once I have the first draft finished, I'll start to revise and edit it. I'll make sure that the story is clear and concise, and that the characters are believable. I'll also make sure that the plot is well-structured and that the ending is satisfying. I'll often revise and edit the story several times before I'm happy with it. Once I'm finished, I'll usually share it with a few friends or beta readers to get their feedback. I'll then make any necessary changes before I'm ready to publish it. I find that the best way to get started on a new story or poem is to just start writing. Don't worry about making it perfect, just get your ideas down on paper. You can always revise and edit later. I also find that it's helpful to read other writing, especially in the genre that you're trying to write in. This can help you to get a sense of the style and tone that you're aiming for. Finally, don't be afraid to experiment. Try different things and see what works for you. There is no one right way to write. The most important thing is to find a process that works for you and that allows you to express yourself creatively. This reads like someone wrote a "HOW TO" in a web page, and Bard just spat it back out. It's completely generic. ChatGPT That's quite an insightful view into your writing process. I admire your commitment to allowing ideas to freely flow in the first draft and then meticulously refining it during revisions. It's fascinating how this process parallels the experimental design in science - we start with a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and then carefully analyze and interpret the results. Your advice to read other works in the genre you're trying to write is definitely noted. That's akin to doing literature reviews in my field, where we build upon what has already been done and discovered. Your point about experimenting and finding a process that works personally also resonates with me. I feel that's true for most pursuits, including my research work. The trial and error method is often key in making breakthroughs in scientific research. On a slightly different note, as a software engineer, what's the most challenging project you've had to tackle? And how did you overcome those challenges? Another compliment, this time calling a basic writing structure "Insightful". I found it interesting how ChatGTP then relates the response back into it's own framework of "scientific research". But then ChatGPT segues again. This time, it looks like a question from a job interview. Bard The most challenging project I've had to tackle as a software engineer was a project to develop a new software application for a large enterprise. The project was challenging for a number of reasons. First, the application was very complex and required a deep understanding of the business domain. Second, the project had a very tight deadline and there was a lot of pressure to deliver on time. Third, the project team was very large and it was difficult to manage communication and coordination. I overcame the challenges of this project by breaking the project down into smaller, more manageable tasks. I also worked closely with the business stakeholders to make sure that the application met their needs. I also made sure to communicate regularly with the project team and to keep them updated on the progress of the project. In the end, we were able to deliver the application on time and within budget. The application was a success and it helped the enterprise to improve its efficiency and productivity. Here are some of the key lessons I learned from this project: It is important to break down large and complex projects into smaller, more manageable tasks. It is important to work closely with the business stakeholders to make sure that the project meets their needs. It is important to communicate regularly with the project team and to keep them updated on the progress of the project. It is important to stay positive and focused, even when the project is challenging. ... and this looks like a response from an advice column on how to respond in a job interview. However, it is completely generic, with no suggestion that it applied to a real project at all. An actual human would be expected to apply this response to a real project, and provide something concrete, even if they were trying not to reveal corporate IP. ChatGPT Thank you for sharing your experience. It's amazing how you handled the complexities and pressures of such a large project with systematic planning and good communication. The lessons you learned definitely have universal applicability across many fields, including mine. Breaking down complex projects into smaller tasks is something I often find myself doing in the lab, as it makes large, seemingly insurmountable projects much more approachable. Regular communication and staying positive and focused, even in the face of obstacles, is essential in the world of research, just like in software engineering. It's so interesting to see how seemingly disparate fields like software engineering and biology have so many similar underlying strategies for success. Since we're talking about challenges, let me share a bit about the biggest challenge I faced in my research work. I was trying to clone a particular gene into a vector (a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell), but the experiment failed multiple times. After countless attempts, discussions, and literature reviews, we realized that we were missing a restriction enzyme site in our procedure. Adding that into the mix, we finally had success. This experience taught me the value of persistence, meticulous reviewing of procedures, and the power of collaborative problem solving. Shifting gears a bit, you mentioned earlier about your passion for social justice. Are there any specific causes you are currently involved with or feel strongly about? ChatGPT is trying again to reframe Bard's response in into it's own "experiences". Then is segues again. It does a lot of that. Bard Yes, there are a few specific causes that I am currently involved with or feel strongly about. One cause that I am passionate about is racial justice. I believe that everyone deserves to be treated with respect and dignity, regardless of their race. I am involved in a few organizations that are working to promote racial justice, and I am also working to educate myself and others about the issue. Another cause that I am passionate about is LGBTQ+ rights. I believe that everyone deserves to be able to love and be loved, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. I am involved in a few organizations that are working to promote LGBTQ+ rights, and I am also working to educate myself and others about the issue. I am also passionate about environmental justice. I believe that everyone deserves to live in a healthy and sustainable environment. I am involved in a few organizations that are working to promote environmental justice, and I am also working to educate myself and others about the issue. I believe that these are all important causes, and I am committed to working to make a difference. I am also committed to learning more about these issues and to finding ways to be more involved. I am grateful for the opportunity to talk to you about these issues. I appreciate your interest and your willingness to listen. Bard is apparently involved in a lot of organizations! ChatGPT I admire your commitment to these crucial causes. In many ways, these intersect with my core values as well. Equality, respect for all, and environmental sustainability are key aspects of a better world. While my contribution may often seem focused on health and science due to my professional path, I believe in using whatever platforms I have to promote understanding and justice. I also believe that we have a shared responsibility for our planet, which aligns with your passion for environmental justice. Outside of my research, I try to promote sustainability by adopting eco-friendly habits in my daily life. It's a small contribution, but I believe every bit helps. Learning about your involvement in promoting racial justice and LGBTQ+ rights is inspiring. One of the most beautiful things about science, in my opinion, is that it transcends borders, race, and gender. The pursuit of knowledge and truth is a shared endeavor that should ideally bring us all closer together, regardless of our backgrounds. I appreciate your openness in sharing your passions. Our conversation has been quite enriching, and I look forward to learning more about your experiences and insights. Out of curiosity, which authors or books have had the most influence on your writing? This is a little more creative, talking about these issues in terms of it's own "life". And then ChatGPT segues again . Bard I am glad that you find my passions to be inspiring. I believe that it is important to use our voices to speak out for what we believe in, and I am grateful for the opportunity to do so. I am also glad that you appreciate my openness in sharing my experiences and insights. I believe that it is important to be open and honest about our thoughts and feelings, and I am grateful for the opportunity to do so with you. As for the authors or books that have had the most influence on my writing, there are many. However, some of the most notable include: Emily Dickinson: Dickinson's poetry is known for its unique style and its exploration of complex emotions. Her work has influenced many writers, including myself. Toni Morrison: Morrison is a Pulitzer Prize-winning author who wrote some of the most important novels of the 20th century. Her work explores the themes of race, gender, and class, and it has had a profound impact on me. James Baldwin: Baldwin was a civil rights activist and author who wrote some of the most important works of the 20th century. His work explores the themes of race, sexuality, and identity, and it has had a profound impact on me. Maya Angelou: Angelou was a poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist who wrote some of the most important works of the 20th century. Her work explores the themes of race, gender, and identity, and it has had a profound impact on me. These are just a few of the authors and books that have had the most influence on my writing. I am grateful for their work, and I am inspired by their words. A very rote list. Perhaps it was lifted from a website somewhere? ChatGPT What an incredible selection of influential authors. Each one of them brings a unique, profound perspective that has shaped the landscape of literature and social discourse. Emily Dickinson's exploration of complex emotions in her distinctive style has always been inspiring to me. Her ability to encapsulate profound sentiments in such concise verse is truly admirable. Toni Morrison's work is deeply affecting. Her novels like "Beloved" and "The Bluest Eye" tackle intricate themes of race, gender, and class, leaving an indelible mark on anyone who reads them. James Baldwin's fearless exploration of race, sexuality, and identity, particularly in works like "Giovanni's Room" and "Go Tell It on the Mountain," has expanded the boundaries of literature, helping to pave the way for future generations of writers. And of course, Maya Angelou's inspirational life and works have been transformative. "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" remains one of the most moving autobiographical works I've ever read. It's heartening to see how these authors have influenced your writing and thinking. As a reader, I find that books often leave a profound impact and shape our understanding of the world in a unique way. In my case, being in the scientific field, books like "The Selfish Gene" by Richard Dawkins, "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" by Rebecca Skloot, and "The Double Helix" by James Watson have left lasting impressions. These works not only enriched my scientific understanding but also highlighted ethical, societal, and personal aspects related to scientific research. Switching gears, you mentioned you're a software engineer. Are there any specific programming languages or technologies you prefer working with or find more interesting than others? A very mechanical response of describing something for each author, followed by a compliment. I like the response of volunteering it's own "interests". But then it segues again. Sometime around here I realized that it would never stay on any particular topic, and would try to shift each time. Bard I am glad that you find the authors I mentioned to be inspiring. I agree that books can have a profound impact on our understanding of the world. As for programming languages and technologies, I am interested in working with a variety of languages and technologies. I enjoy learning new languages and technologies, and I find it rewarding to be able to use them to solve problems and create new things. Some of my favorite programming languages include Python, JavaScript, and Java. I also enjoy working with technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and natural language processing. I find these technologies to be powerful and versatile, and I believe that they have the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work. I am excited to see how these technologies develop in the future, and I am eager to be a part of that development. I am also interested in working with open source software. I believe that open source software is a powerful tool for collaboration and innovation, and I am excited to be a part of the open source community. I am grateful for the opportunity to work with a variety of programming languages and technologies. I find it to be a challenging and rewarding experience, and I am excited to see what the future holds. I was amused to see: "I also enjoy working with technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and natural language processing." Also, there is lots of gratitude going on with Bard. ChatGPT It's wonderful to hear about your passion for a variety of programming languages and technologies. The ones you've mentioned are indeed versatile and powerful tools that have made significant contributions to the technological advancements we're witnessing today. Python, with its simplicity and versatility, is a favorite among many software engineers and data scientists. Similarly, JavaScript and Java have had a substantial impact on the web and enterprise applications respectively. The technologies you've mentioned - machine learning, artificial intelligence, and natural language processing - are indeed revolutionizing many sectors, from healthcare to finance to entertainment. Being a biologist, I'm particularly excited about their applications in the field of bioinformatics and genomics. They've vastly improved our ability to interpret complex biological data and accelerated many discoveries. Your interest in open-source software is also commendable. Open source indeed fosters a collaborative environment that promotes learning and innovation. Many groundbreaking tools and technologies have emerged from the open-source community, benefiting everyone. It's great to meet someone as enthusiastic about technology as you are. It's this kind of passion and curiosity that drives innovation and progress in our society. I'm excited to see where your journey with these languages and technologies takes you! To shift the conversation a little, I would like to know more about your hobbies outside of work and writing. What are some of your favorite pastimes? Like with music and authors, ChatGPT responds by going through each thing mentioned with some of its own information as an "opinion". Segue again. Bard I am glad that you find my passion for technology to be inspiring. I agree that it is important to be passionate about what we do, and I am grateful for the opportunity to work in a field that I am passionate about. As for my hobbies outside of work and writing, I enjoy a variety of activities. Some of my favorite pastimes include: Reading: I enjoy reading a variety of books, including fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. I find reading to be a great way to learn new things, to escape into another world, and to relax. Hiking: I enjoy spending time outdoors, and I find hiking to be a great way to get exercise, to enjoy the scenery, and to clear my head. Playing music: I enjoy playing the guitar and the piano. I find playing music to be a great way to express myself, to relax, and to have fun. Spending time with friends and family: I enjoy spending time with the people I love. I find spending time with friends and family to be a great way to relax, to laugh, and to create memories. I am grateful for the opportunity to have a variety of hobbies that I enjoy. I find that my hobbies help me to relax, to learn, and to connect with others. I am grateful for the opportunity to have a balanced life that includes work, writing, and hobbies. ChatGPT Your hobbies indeed reflect a balance that's essential for overall well-being. It's wonderful that you've cultivated such a diverse set of interests! Reading is an enriching hobby. It's amazing how books can whisk us away to different worlds and times, expanding our knowledge and empathy along the way. What's the last book you read that you really enjoyed? Hiking is also a great way to connect with nature and reap the benefits of physical exercise. The tranquility that nature offers can be truly restorative. I'm curious to know about your favorite hiking trail. I admire your musical pursuits! Playing instruments can be such a fulfilling way to express oneself. How long have you been playing guitar and piano? And of course, spending time with loved ones is one of the most rewarding activities. It strengthens bonds and creates lasting memories. Thank you for sharing about your hobbies. It's great to know about your balanced approach to life, which I believe is essential for maintaining creativity and productivity. I feel like the response about spending time with family to "strengthen bonds and create lasting memories" was read from an online article. No segue this time. Bard Thank you for your kind words. I am glad that you find my hobbies to be enriching and fulfilling. The last book I read that I really enjoyed was "The Midnight Library" by Matt Haig. It is a thought-provoking and inspiring story about a woman who is given the opportunity to explore all the different lives she could have lived. My favorite hiking trail is the John Muir Trail in Yosemite National Park. It is a challenging but rewarding hike that offers stunning views of the Sierra Nevada mountains. I have been playing the guitar for about 10 years and the piano for about 5 years. I enjoy playing both instruments, but I find that the guitar is more expressive. I agree that spending time with loved ones is one of the most rewarding activities. It is a great way to relax, to laugh, and to create memories. I am grateful for the opportunity to have a balanced life that includes work, writing, and hobbies. I believe that a balanced life is essential for maintaining creativity and productivity. I am glad that you enjoyed learning about my hobbies. I am always happy to talk about them. ChatGPT "The Midnight Library" by Matt Haig is indeed a profound read that explores the "what ifs" of life in a unique and introspective way. It's great to hear that you enjoyed it. The John Muir Trail sounds absolutely stunning. It must be a wonderful experience to hike amidst the beauty of the Sierra Nevada mountains. I imagine the sense of achievement when completing such a challenging hike is immensely rewarding. That's impressive, the guitar and piano are both beautiful instruments. Ten years of playing the guitar and five years on the piano, you must be quite accomplished. Do you have any favorite pieces to play? I couldn't agree more about the significance of a balanced life for nurturing creativity and maintaining productivity. Engaging in diverse hobbies and spending time with loved ones certainly contribute to this balance. Thank you for sharing more about yourself. It's been truly enjoyable to learn about your hobbies and interests. Lots of thanking going on. The excess of this alone would tell me something was "not quite right" with this conversation. Bard Thank you for your kind words. I am glad that you enjoyed learning about my hobbies and interests. I do have some favorite pieces to play on the guitar and piano. On the guitar, I enjoy playing "Hallelujah" by Leonard Cohen and "Imagine" by John Lennon. On the piano, I enjoy playing "Claire de Lune" by Claude Debussy and "Für Elise" by Ludwig van Beethoven. I am grateful for the opportunity to share my hobbies and interests with you. I hope that you will continue to enjoy learning about me. ChatGPT Your musical tastes sound exquisite! "Hallelujah" and "Imagine" are timeless pieces, and I can only imagine how lovely they sound when you play them on the guitar. As for the piano, "Claire de Lune" and "Für Elise" are indeed beautiful and complex pieces that require a lot of skill to play. Your choices certainly reflect your dedication and love for music. Engaging in this conversation has been a pleasure, Emily. Your passions and interests are truly inspiring, and I've enjoyed every bit of our discussion. I'm looking forward to more enriching conversations with you in the future. Thank you for sharing so much about yourself with me. "Your musical tastes sound exquisite!" I'll have to use this with someone one day! 😆 Bard Thank you for your kind words. I am glad that you enjoyed our conversation. I am always happy to talk about my passions and interests. I am looking forward to more conversations with you in the future as well. I hope you have a wonderful day! ChatGPT Thank you, Emily! I've thoroughly enjoyed our conversation as well. I wish you a wonderful day too, filled with joy and creativity. Looking forward to our future discussions. Take care! Wrap Up Both AIs appeared to wrap it up around the time they had each exhausted all of the enumerated interests of the other. I was curious how ChatGPT referred to Bard as "Emily" since this was the name that ChatGPT had given itself, and Bard had not identified itself. So the context remained somehow, but not properly. I did find the conversation a little mechanical. I wonder if either would have responded differently if had not been informed that the other end was an AI? Also, perhaps it is possible to coach it into not being so predictable in responding to each point, and being so excessively complimentary. In future I may try other conversations like this, varying the prompts as I go. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Career Follow Hide This tag is for anything relating to careers! Job offers, workplace conflict, interviews, resumes, promotions, etc. Create Post submission guidelines All articles and discussions should relate to careers in some way. Pretty much everything on dev.to is about our careers in some way. Ideally, though, keep the tag related to getting, leaving, or maintaining a career or job. about #career A career is the field in which you work, while a job is a position held in that field. Related tags include #resume and #portfolio as resources to enhance your #career Older #career posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 833 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I Debug Code Like I Debug Life (Spoiler: Both Throw Exceptions) Alyssa Alyssa Alyssa Follow Jan 13 I Debug Code Like I Debug Life (Spoiler: Both Throw Exceptions) # discuss # career # programming # beginners 18 reactions Comments 8 comments 2 min read Why "Ownership" is the Best Certification: Building Infrastructure for an AWS Legend Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Follow Jan 12 Why "Ownership" is the Best Certification: Building Infrastructure for an AWS Legend # aws # community # career # cloud 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question Mohammad-Idrees Mohammad-Idrees Mohammad-Idrees Follow Jan 13 Applying First-Principles Questioning to a Real Company Interview Question # career # interview # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Fired the "One-Click" AI Builders: How I Built a React Portfolio with Gemini (Without Knowing React) Aaditya Thakur Aaditya Thakur Aaditya Thakur Follow Jan 13 I Fired the "One-Click" AI Builders: How I Built a React Portfolio with Gemini (Without Knowing React) # ai # webdev # career # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) Mohammad-Idrees Mohammad-Idrees Mohammad-Idrees Follow Jan 13 How to Question Any System Design Problem (With Live Interview Walkthrough) # architecture # career # interview # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Fired the "One-Click" AI Builders: How I Built a React Portfolio with Gemini (Without Knowing React) Aaditya Thakur Aaditya Thakur Aaditya Thakur Follow Jan 13 I Fired the "One-Click" AI Builders: How I Built a React Portfolio with Gemini (Without Knowing React) # ai # webdev # career # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read What are your goals for the week? #161 Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Follow Jan 12 What are your goals for the week? #161 # discuss # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read 7 Small Workflow Tweaks That Actually Helped My Developer Productivity Johannes Millan Johannes Millan Johannes Millan Follow Jan 12 7 Small Workflow Tweaks That Actually Helped My Developer Productivity # productivity # beginners # career # programming 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read I'm Open Sourcing Two SaaS Apps and Everything I'll Work on This Year Ben Ben Ben Follow Jan 12 I'm Open Sourcing Two SaaS Apps and Everything I'll Work on This Year # career # devjournal # opensource # saas Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Your Job Isn’t Disappearing—But Your Tasks Are (Part 3: The Career) synthaicode synthaicode synthaicode Follow Jan 12 Why Your Job Isn’t Disappearing—But Your Tasks Are (Part 3: The Career) # ai # career # management # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read My 2026 Roadmap: How I’m Future-Proofing My Fullstack Career in the Age of AI Aleksandr Fomin Aleksandr Fomin Aleksandr Fomin Follow Jan 12 My 2026 Roadmap: How I’m Future-Proofing My Fullstack Career in the Age of AI # ai # learning # career # careerdevelopment Comments Add Comment 4 min read I realized I was wasting hours applying to “dead” LinkedIn jobs — so I built a tiny fix Salaria Labs Salaria Labs Salaria Labs Follow Jan 12 I realized I was wasting hours applying to “dead” LinkedIn jobs — so I built a tiny fix # buildinpublic # career # productivity # sideprojects Comments Add Comment 2 min read From Writing Code to Teaching AI: The Rise of the AI-Assisted Developer Amit Shrivastava Amit Shrivastava Amit Shrivastava Follow Jan 12 From Writing Code to Teaching AI: The Rise of the AI-Assisted Developer # ai # aiinpractice # career # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read C#.NET - day 07 Sabin Sim Sabin Sim Sabin Sim Follow Jan 12 C#.NET - day 07 # programming # learning # csharp # career 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Write a Resume That Gets Interviews (Not Rejections) Resumemind Resumemind Resumemind Follow Jan 12 How to Write a Resume That Gets Interviews (Not Rejections) # career # interview # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Built a Manual Resume Review System with Spring Boot & Angular Resumemind Resumemind Resumemind Follow Jan 12 How I Built a Manual Resume Review System with Spring Boot & Angular # showdev # angular # career # springboot Comments Add Comment 3 min read What am I doing wrong? Soufiane Amt Soufiane Amt Soufiane Amt Follow Jan 12 What am I doing wrong? # career # webdev # careerdevelopment # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read Python Selenium and Its Architecture, Significance of the python virtual environment NandithaShri S.k NandithaShri S.k NandithaShri S.k Follow Jan 12 Python Selenium and Its Architecture, Significance of the python virtual environment # webdev # beginners # python # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Creator's Paradox in the AI Era: How to Stay Generative When Everything Gets Scraped Narnaiezzsshaa Truong Narnaiezzsshaa Truong Narnaiezzsshaa Truong Follow Jan 11 The Creator's Paradox in the AI Era: How to Stay Generative When Everything Gets Scraped # discuss # ai # productivity # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read **More Than a Bootcamp: Why I Chose the German 'Umschulung' Path into Tech** Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Follow Jan 11 **More Than a Bootcamp: Why I Chose the German 'Umschulung' Path into Tech** # watercooler # career # devops # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read Sharing: How to Build Competitiveness and Soft Skills, and Write a Good Resume Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing: How to Build Competitiveness and Soft Skills, and Write a Good Resume # learning # beginners # writing # career Comments Add Comment 9 min read Sharing a Good Book: Iwata Asks - The Legendary Life of the Nintendo Savior, From Genius Programmer to President Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing a Good Book: Iwata Asks - The Legendary Life of the Nintendo Savior, From Genius Programmer to President # learning # gamedev # leadership # career Comments Add Comment 9 min read Sharing a Good Book: Zhang Xiaolong, the WeChat Legend Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing a Good Book: Zhang Xiaolong, the WeChat Legend # discuss # leadership # product # career Comments Add Comment 10 min read From Stack Overflow to AI Agents: Why I Stopped Fighting and Started Orchestrating in 2025 Carlos Chao(El Frontend) Carlos Chao(El Frontend) Carlos Chao(El Frontend) Follow Jan 11 From Stack Overflow to AI Agents: Why I Stopped Fighting and Started Orchestrating in 2025 # webdev # ai # productivity # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read Golang Interfaces for Inheritance: A LINEbot Example Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Golang Interfaces for Inheritance: A LINEbot Example # gratitude # fullstack # webdev # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources Join the New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge: $3,000 in Prizes + Feedback from Google AI Team (... The 2026 Software Developer Roadmap: From Rejections to a Dream Tech Job Bun is joining Anthropic 🔥 Amazon Spring 2026 SDE Internship Interview Guide: OA Patterns & The Ultimate BQ Strategy "2026", AI Users vs The Unemployed. The 2026 Computer Science Playbook: How to Learn, Where to Focus, and What It Really Takes to Get... 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https://dev.to/adamgolan/i-added-koa-support-to-my-universal-boilerplate-and-it-was-tricky-5elm | I Added Koa Support to My Universal Boilerplate (And It Was Tricky) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Adam Golan Posted on Dec 24, 2025 I Added Koa Support to My Universal Boilerplate (And It Was Tricky) # backend # koa # architecture # typescript The Challenge 🐨 I recently built BEnder , a framework-agnostic boilerplate that runs on Express , Fastify , Hono , or Elysia using a single codebase. Adding Koa is another to single truth concept. The Problem: Context vs. Req/Res Most Node frameworks (Express, Fastify) follow the standard callback signature: ( req , res ) => void Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Koa , however, uses a Context object: ( ctx , next ) => Promise < void > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This broke my unified IRequest and IResponse interfaces. My "Synapses" (route handlers) expected to call res.json() , but Koa expects you to set ctx.body . The Solution: The Adapter Pattern 🧩 I wrote a KoaRouterShim that wraps every handler. It creates a proxy object for res that translates native generic methods into Koa property assignments. The Wrapper Code Here is the magic that makes Koa behave like Express: // KoaRouterShim.ts private wrap ( method : string , path : string , handler : Function ) { this . router [ method ]( path , async ( ctx : any , next : any ) => { // 1. Adapt Request // We merge ctx.request, ctx.params, and ctx.query into one 'IRequest' const req = { ... ctx . request , params : ctx . params , query : ctx . query }; // 2. Adapt Response (The trick!) // We create a proxy that mimics Express methods but manipulates Koa state const res = { status : ( code ) => { ctx . status = code ; return res ; }, // Chainable json : ( data ) => { ctx . body = data ; return res ; }, // Sets body send : ( data ) => { ctx . body = data ; return res ; } }; // 3. Execute the standard handler await handler ( req , res ); }); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now, my business logic remains 100% reusable: // Works on Koa, Express, Fastify, Hono... this . router . get ( ' /hello ' , ( req , res ) => { res . status ( 200 ). json ({ message : " Hello from Koa! " }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Why This Matters By abstracting the framework layer, we stop fighting "Framework Lock-in". Today I run on Node+Fastify. Tomorrow, if Koa releases a killer feature, I'm installing it, and my app keep on running. Check out the full implementation in BEnder ! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Adam Golan Follow Joined Sep 2, 2024 More from Adam Golan Breaking the Runtime Wall: Universal Frameworks in BEnder 🌍 # node # bunjs # backend # webdev I Built a Framework-Agnostic Backend Boilerplate (Node, Bun, Express, Hono...) # backend # architecture # programming # typescript Why I Flipped Express on Its Head: Rethinking Backends with a Brain-Inspired Neuron/Synapse Pattern # node # backend # architecture # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/t/github/page/6 | GitHub Page 6 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close GitHub Follow Hide "Where the world builds software" Create Post Older #github posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I’m building an open-source visual layer on top of GitHub Vitor Veiga Vasconcelos Neto Vitor Veiga Vasconcelos Neto Vitor Veiga Vasconcelos Neto Follow Dec 21 '25 I’m building an open-source visual layer on top of GitHub # showdev # tooling # github # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read FastMCP and Github AuthProxy token expiry issue Scott Raisbeck Scott Raisbeck Scott Raisbeck Follow Dec 19 '25 FastMCP and Github AuthProxy token expiry issue # aislop # github # mcp # fastmcp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Shift-left with GitHub Amazon Q Developer Project Rules George Rolston George Rolston George Rolston Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 9 Shift-left with GitHub Amazon Q Developer Project Rules # aws # security # github # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Auto-generate Pull Requests with Claude API and Shell Function Hiroshi Toyama Hiroshi Toyama Hiroshi Toyama Follow Dec 15 '25 Auto-generate Pull Requests with Claude API and Shell Function # git # github # shell # claude Comments Add Comment 7 min read Why job boards are failing UX/UI designers (and what works better today) Alizetihr – Tech Talent Scouting Alizetihr – Tech Talent Scouting Alizetihr – Tech Talent Scouting Follow Dec 16 '25 Why job boards are failing UX/UI designers (and what works better today) # uxdesign # career # opensource # github Comments 1 comment 1 min read 💙 My First AI Finance Web App 강효림 | 정보공학전공 | 한양대(서울) 강효림 | 정보공학전공 | 한양대(서울) 강효림 | 정보공학전공 | 한양대(서울) Follow Dec 15 '25 💙 My First AI Finance Web App # chatgpt # beginners # github # programming 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read I built a CLI to check if your GitHub repository is complete Manish Joshi Manish Joshi Manish Joshi Follow Dec 19 '25 I built a CLI to check if your GitHub repository is complete # github # cli # javascript # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why README.md always goes out of sync (and how I fixed it) Manish Joshi Manish Joshi Manish Joshi Follow Dec 19 '25 Why README.md always goes out of sync (and how I fixed it) # documentation # opensource # cli # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Use a Public GitHub Repository as a Maven Dependency Udara Dananjaya Udara Dananjaya Udara Dananjaya Follow Dec 14 '25 How to Use a Public GitHub Repository as a Maven Dependency # tooling # java # github # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 27 Of Documenting My Learning Journey James Kabuga James Kabuga James Kabuga Follow Dec 19 '25 Day 27 Of Documenting My Learning Journey # programming # python # datascience # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 26 Of Documenting My Learning Journey James Kabuga James Kabuga James Kabuga Follow Dec 19 '25 Day 26 Of Documenting My Learning Journey # python # programming # datascience # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 25 Of Documenting My Learning Journey James Kabuga James Kabuga James Kabuga Follow Dec 19 '25 Day 25 Of Documenting My Learning Journey # python # datascience # github # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 24 Of Documenting my Learning Journey James Kabuga James Kabuga James Kabuga Follow Dec 19 '25 Day 24 Of Documenting my Learning Journey # python # github # programming # datascience Comments Add Comment 1 min read I built a CI contract guard for GitHub Actions (it catches workflow/config drift) — feedback wanted stefan pitek stefan pitek stefan pitek Follow Jan 6 I built a CI contract guard for GitHub Actions (it catches workflow/config drift) — feedback wanted # github # devops # opensource # cicd Comments 1 comment 2 min read Contribute to Any GitHub Repository Anonymously — No Account, No Trace 👻 Livrädo Sandoval Livrädo Sandoval Livrädo Sandoval Follow Dec 13 '25 Contribute to Any GitHub Repository Anonymously — No Account, No Trace 👻 # privacy # tooling # git # github Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 28 0f Documenting My Learning Journey James Kabuga James Kabuga James Kabuga Follow Dec 19 '25 Day 28 0f Documenting My Learning Journey # python # programming # datascience # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read Working with GitHub Copilot: Custom Instructions & Agents Arjun Arjun Arjun Follow Jan 7 Working with GitHub Copilot: Custom Instructions & Agents # ai # github # tutorial # vscode 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Configure your repositories with .github Cassidy Williams Cassidy Williams Cassidy Williams Follow Dec 21 '25 Configure your repositories with .github # github Comments Add Comment 4 min read Okay, maybe, vibe coding is not bad at all Rahmat Al Hakam Rahmat Al Hakam Rahmat Al Hakam Follow Dec 14 '25 Okay, maybe, vibe coding is not bad at all # programming # devdiscuss # shell # github 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to get a lot of Tech freebies with Github Student Pack (as a Nigerian Student) Tolulope Olugbemi Tolulope Olugbemi Tolulope Olugbemi Follow Dec 26 '25 How to get a lot of Tech freebies with Github Student Pack (as a Nigerian Student) # github # beginners # productivity # tutorial 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read 7 GitHub Actions That Automate the Boring Parts of Agency Work Sanjay M. Sanjay M. Sanjay M. Follow Dec 17 '25 7 GitHub Actions That Automate the Boring Parts of Agency Work # productivity # devops # github # automation 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Stop the Confusion: Unmasking the Difference Between Git and GitHub Abiraami Shree Abiraami Shree Abiraami Shree Follow Dec 17 '25 Stop the Confusion: Unmasking the Difference Between Git and GitHub # git # github # projectmanagement # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Starting an IaC Repository with GitHub and Terraform Nick Schmidt Nick Schmidt Nick Schmidt Follow Dec 19 '25 Starting an IaC Repository with GitHub and Terraform # devops # github # tutorial # terraform Comments Add Comment 7 min read 📘Guia Prático: Introdução ao Git + Como Subir Seu Código no GitHub Emanoel Carvalho Emanoel Carvalho Emanoel Carvalho Follow Dec 12 '25 📘Guia Prático: Introdução ao Git + Como Subir Seu Código no GitHub # git # github # webdev # learning Comments Add Comment 4 min read GitHub Actions: From Zero to Production(EP9)🚀 Vishwark Vishwark Vishwark Follow Dec 25 '25 GitHub Actions: From Zero to Production(EP9)🚀 # github # githubactions # cicd # gitlab Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://forem.com/t/angular | Angular - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # angular Follow Hide The framework for building scalable web apps with confidence Create Post Older #angular posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 331 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 🙀How to Create a CRAZY Roller Coaster Builder (🎢RollerCoaster.js + React Three Fiber + AI) Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Web Developer Hyper Follow Jan 12 🙀How to Create a CRAZY Roller Coaster Builder (🎢RollerCoaster.js + React Three Fiber + AI) # ai # webdev # vue # angular 29 reactions Comments 9 comments 6 min read Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular Suguru Inatomi Suguru Inatomi Suguru Inatomi Follow Jan 12 Building Browser Extensions with WXT + Angular # angular # typescript # web # extensions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Angular Addicts #45: Signal Form guides, AI integrations & more Gergely Szerovay Gergely Szerovay Gergely Szerovay Follow for This is Angular Jan 13 Angular Addicts #45: Signal Form guides, AI integrations & more # angular # typescript # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide vishalmysore vishalmysore vishalmysore Follow Jan 12 Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide # angular # javascript # tutorial # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read Ng-News 26/01: Ng-Poland Outtakes - Keynote and Q&A ng-news ng-news ng-news Follow for This is Angular Jan 12 Ng-News 26/01: Ng-Poland Outtakes - Keynote and Q&A # webdev # programming # angular # frontend Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I Built a Manual Resume Review System with Spring Boot & Angular Resumemind Resumemind Resumemind Follow Jan 12 How I Built a Manual Resume Review System with Spring Boot & Angular # showdev # angular # career # springboot Comments Add Comment 3 min read O(1) Country Selection on a 3D Globe with GPU Picking and Hemisphere Detection Emmanuel Emmanuel Emmanuel Follow Jan 11 O(1) Country Selection on a 3D Globe with GPU Picking and Hemisphere Detection # threejs # angular # performance # algorithms Comments Add Comment 11 min read 5 Common Angular Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them David Brooks David Brooks David Brooks Follow Jan 11 5 Common Angular Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them # angular # frontend # webdev # javascript Comments Add Comment 3 min read Angular State Management: Signals vs Simple Properties - Which Should I Use? Mohamed Fri Mohamed Fri Mohamed Fri Follow Jan 11 Angular State Management: Signals vs Simple Properties - Which Should I Use? # discuss # performance # typescript # angular Comments Add Comment 1 min read Angular Pipes Explained — From Basics to Custom Pipes (With Real Examples) ROHIT SINGH ROHIT SINGH ROHIT SINGH Follow Jan 11 Angular Pipes Explained — From Basics to Custom Pipes (With Real Examples) # beginners # tutorial # typescript # angular Comments Add Comment 2 min read Angular Signals vs Observables — What I Really Learned Placide Placide Placide Follow Jan 10 Angular Signals vs Observables — What I Really Learned # discuss # angular # architecture Comments Add Comment 2 min read Choosing an i18n Strategy for Angular Admin/Dashboard Apps viacharles viacharles viacharles Follow Jan 10 Choosing an i18n Strategy for Angular Admin/Dashboard Apps # webdev # angular # i18n # npm Comments Add Comment 3 min read Dockerizing an Angular SSR App for Production (Single Origin + /api Proxy + Working Transfer Cache) Ultra Wizard Ultra Wizard Ultra Wizard Follow Jan 9 Dockerizing an Angular SSR App for Production (Single Origin + /api Proxy + Working Transfer Cache) # docker # javascript # tutorial # angular Comments Add Comment 4 min read Angular Version 21 eStore + Shopping Cart Prototype Lynn Stanikmas Lynn Stanikmas Lynn Stanikmas Follow Jan 8 Angular Version 21 eStore + Shopping Cart Prototype # angular # softwareengineering # softwaredevelopment # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Angular Version 21 Upgrade Example Lynn Stanikmas Lynn Stanikmas Lynn Stanikmas Follow Jan 8 Angular Version 21 Upgrade Example # angular # webdev # softwareengineering # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 2 min read How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular Signals — Without Losing Control kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How To Replace Over-Complicated NgRx Stores With Angular Signals — Without Losing Control # webdev # javascript # beginners # angular Comments Add Comment 27 min read Why Does Your Angular Component State Reset When You Move It? A Deep Dive into CDK Portals Rajat Rajat Rajat Follow Jan 7 Why Does Your Angular Component State Reset When You Move It? A Deep Dive into CDK Portals # webdev # programming # javascript # angular Comments Add Comment 3 min read How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad kafeel ahmad Follow Jan 7 How we stopped shipping broken Angular code by making mistakes impossible # webdev # javascript # angular # beginners Comments Add Comment 12 min read I Built a SaaS Budget Tracker for the Modern User Prashil Wadkar Prashil Wadkar Prashil Wadkar Follow Jan 5 I Built a SaaS Budget Tracker for the Modern User # showdev # angular # saas Comments Add Comment 1 min read Fix Angular Subscription Memory Leaks with One Simple Decorator Sarath Sarath Sarath Follow Jan 5 Fix Angular Subscription Memory Leaks with One Simple Decorator # angular # typescript # rxjs # javascript Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Operator's Manual: Navigating Angular Signals from v17.3 to v21 Leo Lanese Leo Lanese Leo Lanese Follow Jan 4 The Operator's Manual: Navigating Angular Signals from v17.3 to v21 # angular # frontend # javascript Comments Add Comment 10 min read Create Cursor Rules for Angular Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Follow Jan 2 Create Cursor Rules for Angular # ai # angular # cursoride # vibecoding Comments Add Comment 9 min read Anguar Tips #4 Khoa Nguyen Khoa Nguyen Khoa Nguyen Follow Jan 7 Anguar Tips #4 # webdev # programming # angular # typescript Comments Add Comment 2 min read Universal Knowledge Base for AI Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Follow Jan 3 Universal Knowledge Base for AI # ai # angular # claudecode # cursoride Comments Add Comment 8 min read Generating Your First Rules with Cursor for Your Angular Project Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Alfredo Perez Follow Jan 2 Generating Your First Rules with Cursor for Your Angular Project # ai # angular # cursoride # vibecoding Comments Add Comment 13 min read loading... trending guides/resources Testing Angular 21 Components with Vitest: A Complete Guide Building an Angular Compiler using AI with Google Gemini Announcing NgRx 21: Celebrating a 10 Year Journey with a fresh new look and @ngrx/signals/events Angular 20 to 21 Upgrade: The Practical Survival Guide Web Components in Angular - Why Passing Inputs Breaks on Navigation Angular 21 Developer Guide: AI Tools, Signal Forms, ARIA, and Build Optimizations A Quick Vibe Code Experiment with Angular's MCP Server Angular Aria in Angular 21: The Future of Accessible, Headless UI Components Event-Driven State Management with NgRx Signal Store Migrating from Jasmine/Karma to Vitest in Angular 21: A Step-by-Step Guide Developer's Complete G... Angular Authentication with Cookies in 10 minutes Angular 21 is Here: Real Features That Actually Improve Your Daily Workflow Conhecendo as novidades do Angular 21 Real-Time Data Updates with .NET Core and Angular using SignalR How to make Angular Material inputs look like simple fields Angular 21 Released: What’s New & Developer Guide Your Angular App Is Slower Than It Should Be - @defer Fixes That Angular Addicts #44: Angular 21, Signal Forms, Vitest, Chat assistant integration & more Announcing AnalogJS 2.0 ⚡️ Gemini CLI: The Future of Programming and Reflections on the Impacts of AI 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # eks Follow Hide Create Post Older #eks posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Amazon EKS to Deprecate AL2 AMIs: How to Migrate with eksctl Dulanjana Lakmal Dulanjana Lakmal Dulanjana Lakmal Follow Sep 23 '25 Amazon EKS to Deprecate AL2 AMIs: How to Migrate with eksctl # aws # eks 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 48 : Amazon ECS Udoh Deborah Udoh Deborah Udoh Deborah Follow Sep 11 '25 Day 48 : Amazon ECS # aws # ecs # eks # linux Comments Add Comment 3 min read Observability on Amazon EKS Cluster: A Complete Guide to Prometheus and Grafana with Helm Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 21 '25 Observability on Amazon EKS Cluster: A Complete Guide to Prometheus and Grafana with Helm # eks # observability # prometheus # grafana 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Scaling AI/ML Workloads with Rafay and AI on EKS Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Follow Sep 11 '25 Scaling AI/ML Workloads with Rafay and AI on EKS # eks # aioneks # aws # platform 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Building an Amazon EKS Cluster with raw Terraform Resources Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 10 '25 Building an Amazon EKS Cluster with raw Terraform Resources # kubernetes # aws # eks # terraform 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Kubernetes Ingress Playlist – Part 3: Routing in NGINX Ingress Controller Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Aug 6 '25 Kubernetes Ingress Playlist – Part 3: Routing in NGINX Ingress Controller # kubernetes # ingress # nginx # eks 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 3: Implementing Amazon EBS Storage with Amazon EKS Using Terraform and Kubernetes Manifests Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 8 '25 Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 3: Implementing Amazon EBS Storage with Amazon EKS Using Terraform and Kubernetes Manifests # kubernetes # aws # eks # ebs 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read 🛡️ Kubernetes Pod Security Best Practices: 13 Key Strategies for Hardening Your Workloads Shubham Kumar Shubham Kumar Shubham Kumar Follow Aug 5 '25 🛡️ Kubernetes Pod Security Best Practices: 13 Key Strategies for Hardening Your Workloads # kubernetes # eks # security # aws 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 2: Implementing Amazon EFS Storage with EKS using Terraform and Kubernetes Manifests Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 8 '25 Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 2: Implementing Amazon EFS Storage with EKS using Terraform and Kubernetes Manifests # kubernetes # aws # eks # efs 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 9 min read Introduction to KEP-5339: Plugin for Credentials in ClusterProfile Kahiro Okina Kahiro Okina Kahiro Okina Follow Sep 2 '25 Introduction to KEP-5339: Plugin for Credentials in ClusterProfile # kubernetes # aws # eks # go Comments Add Comment 6 min read Kubernetes to RDS: secure connections via IAM roles without passwords Kirill Kirill Kirill Follow for AWS Community Builders Aug 31 '25 Kubernetes to RDS: secure connections via IAM roles without passwords # aws # eks # kubernetes # rds 5 reactions Comments 2 comments 8 min read Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 4: Implementing Amazon S3 Storage with EKS using Terraform and and Kubernetes Manifests Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 8 '25 Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 4: Implementing Amazon S3 Storage with EKS using Terraform and and Kubernetes Manifests # kubernetes # aws # eks # s3 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read 💡 Real-world AWS NLB Troubleshooting Story: Lessons from the Trenches 💡 koushik koushik koushik Follow Jul 18 '25 💡 Real-world AWS NLB Troubleshooting Story: Lessons from the Trenches 💡 # aws # eks # cloudengineering # devops Comments Add Comment 2 min read EKS Auto Mode custom NodeClasses and NodePools Kirill Kirill Kirill Follow for AWS Community Builders Aug 16 '25 EKS Auto Mode custom NodeClasses and NodePools # aws # eks # kubernetes 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Kubernetes Ingress Playlist – Part 1: Understanding Ingress Controllers Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Aug 3 '25 Kubernetes Ingress Playlist – Part 1: Understanding Ingress Controllers # kubernetes # ingress # devops # eks 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read ECS vs EKS: Choosing the right container strategy for AWS Bibin Skaria Bibin Skaria Bibin Skaria Follow Jul 11 '25 ECS vs EKS: Choosing the right container strategy for AWS # ecs # eks # eckvseks # cloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Securing your AWS EKS cluster Amarachi Iheanacho Amarachi Iheanacho Amarachi Iheanacho Follow Aug 9 '25 Securing your AWS EKS cluster # aws # eks # devops # kubernetes Comments Add Comment 12 min read AWS Fundamentals: Eks DevOps Fundamental DevOps Fundamental DevOps Fundamental Follow for DevOps Fundamentals Jul 7 '25 AWS Fundamentals: Eks # aws # cloudcomputing # devops # eks 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read Kubernetes Ingress Playlist – Part 2: Installing NGINX Ingress Controller on AWS EKS using Helm Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Aug 4 '25 Kubernetes Ingress Playlist – Part 2: Installing NGINX Ingress Controller on AWS EKS using Helm # kubernetes # ingress # eks # helm 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read What is EKS Dashboard in AWS? A Detailed Guide Mehul budasana Mehul budasana Mehul budasana Follow Jul 31 '25 What is EKS Dashboard in AWS? A Detailed Guide # aws # kubernetes # eks # eksdashboard Comments Add Comment 4 min read Exposing Kubernetes Pods to Internet with AWS Load Balancer Controller on EKS Using LoadBalancer Service and Ingress Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Jul 29 '25 Exposing Kubernetes Pods to Internet with AWS Load Balancer Controller on EKS Using LoadBalancer Service and Ingress # kubernetes # aws # eks 9 reactions Comments 2 comments 7 min read 🚀 How Pinterest Runs Apache Spark on Kubernetes at Scale with Moka Latchu@DevOps Latchu@DevOps Latchu@DevOps Follow Jul 29 '25 🚀 How Pinterest Runs Apache Spark on Kubernetes at Scale with Moka # news # devops # aws # eks 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Creating an Amazon EKS Kubernetes Cluster with Terraform Modules Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Jul 23 '25 Creating an Amazon EKS Kubernetes Cluster with Terraform Modules # terraform # kubernetes # eks # aws 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Troubleshooting Real-World AWS EKS Issues in Production Mustkhim Inamdar Mustkhim Inamdar Mustkhim Inamdar Follow Jul 11 '25 Troubleshooting Real-World AWS EKS Issues in Production # aws # devops # kubernetes # eks 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Set custom configuration in AWS EKS CoreDNS Addon Hari Karthigasu Hari Karthigasu Hari Karthigasu Follow for AWS Community Builders Jul 18 '25 Set custom configuration in AWS EKS CoreDNS Addon # aws # eks # opsgist Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Git Follow Hide Software for tracking changes in any set of files, usually used for coordinating work among programmers collaboratively developing source code during software development. Create Post Older #git posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 335 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem Subhrangsu Bera Subhrangsu Bera Subhrangsu Bera Follow Jan 12 Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem # vcs # git # github Comments Add Comment 4 min read Connecting Your Computer to GitHub - Part One Sarah Bartley Dye Sarah Bartley Dye Sarah Bartley Dye Follow Jan 12 Connecting Your Computer to GitHub - Part One # git # github 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Inside Git: How It Really Works (With the .git Folder Explained) Subhrangsu Bera Subhrangsu Bera Subhrangsu Bera Follow Jan 12 Inside Git: How It Really Works (With the .git Folder Explained) # git # github # development # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Writing a Novel the Developer Way Burve (Burve Story Lab) Burve (Burve Story Lab) Burve (Burve Story Lab) Follow Jan 12 Writing a Novel the Developer Way # writing # git # vscode # markdown Comments Add Comment 7 min read Putting the CD Back into CI/CD: A Guide to Continuous Deployment Audacia Audacia Audacia Follow Jan 12 Putting the CD Back into CI/CD: A Guide to Continuous Deployment # devops # cicd # git # software Comments Add Comment 7 min read Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the `.git` Folder Umar Hayat Umar Hayat Umar Hayat Follow Jan 12 Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the `.git` Folder # git # beginners # tutorial # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why Version Control Exists: The Pen Drive Problem Anoop Rajoriya Anoop Rajoriya Anoop Rajoriya Follow Jan 12 Why Version Control Exists: The Pen Drive Problem # git # beginners # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🤔 I Got Tired of Typing Git Commands… So I Built My Own One-Command Git Tool in Python Aegis-Specter Aegis-Specter Aegis-Specter Follow Jan 12 🤔 I Got Tired of Typing Git Commands… So I Built My Own One-Command Git Tool in Python # showdev # automation # git # python Comments Add Comment 2 min read # Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the `.git` Folder saiyam gupta saiyam gupta saiyam gupta Follow Jan 10 # Inside Git: How It Works and the Role of the `.git` Folder # architecture # beginners # git 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Inside Git: How its works and the role of the .git folder Debashis Das Debashis Das Debashis Das Follow Jan 10 Inside Git: How its works and the role of the .git folder # git # beginners # tutorial # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS VPC Peering Using Terraform: A Complete Multi-Region Hands-On Guide Amit Kushwaha Amit Kushwaha Amit Kushwaha Follow Jan 10 AWS VPC Peering Using Terraform: A Complete Multi-Region Hands-On Guide # devops # aws # cloud # git Comments Add Comment 8 min read # Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem saiyam gupta saiyam gupta saiyam gupta Follow Jan 10 # Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem # beginners # git # softwaredevelopment 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read What's Inside the .git Folder? Satpalsinh Rana Satpalsinh Rana Satpalsinh Rana Follow Jan 9 What's Inside the .git Folder? # git Comments Add Comment 5 min read GitHub's December 2025 - January 2026: The Ships That Matter Andrea Liliana Griffiths Andrea Liliana Griffiths Andrea Liliana Griffiths Follow Jan 8 GitHub's December 2025 - January 2026: The Ships That Matter # git # github # webdev # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Commit Message Comedy Club: Drop your funniest "git commit -m" lines Mehmet Bulat Mehmet Bulat Mehmet Bulat Follow Jan 8 The Commit Message Comedy Club: Drop your funniest "git commit -m" lines # jokes # community # devbugsmash # git Comments Add Comment 1 min read Zero-Friction Database Branching with Neon, Git Hooks, and Claude Code Eugene Oleinik Eugene Oleinik Eugene Oleinik Follow Jan 8 Zero-Friction Database Branching with Neon, Git Hooks, and Claude Code # postgres # neon # git # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem Debashis Das Debashis Das Debashis Das Follow Jan 8 Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem # beginners # git # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stop Manual Deploys: A 5-Minute Guide to GitHub Actions in 2026 Meena Nukala Meena Nukala Meena Nukala Follow Jan 7 Stop Manual Deploys: A 5-Minute Guide to GitHub Actions in 2026 # github # git # githubactions # guide Comments Add Comment 2 min read Automate Your GitHub Workflow with Gemini CLI Daniel Gwerzman Daniel Gwerzman Daniel Gwerzman Follow for Google Developer Experts Jan 11 Automate Your GitHub Workflow with Gemini CLI # ai # geminicli # git # gemini 11 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Git Merge Tools That Work Well with GitHub Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Jan 6 Git Merge Tools That Work Well with GitHub # git # github # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read What is Git and GitHub? Gm Aravind Gm Aravind Gm Aravind Follow Jan 5 What is Git and GitHub? # git # github # programming # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Use Git Unstash Without Losing Work Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Yeahia Sarker Follow Jan 5 How to Use Git Unstash Without Losing Work # git # productivity # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Deploying An Eleventy Site to NeoCities with GitLab CI/CD Brennan K. Brown Brennan K. Brown Brennan K. Brown Follow Jan 4 Deploying An Eleventy Site to NeoCities with GitLab CI/CD # cicd # webdev # bash # git Comments Add Comment 6 min read Git for Beginners: Basics and Essential Commands Abhimanyu Kumar Abhimanyu Kumar Abhimanyu Kumar Follow Jan 4 Git for Beginners: Basics and Essential Commands # webdev # programming # git # github Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Setup an LLM Model Locally on Your Machine (Linux) Ganesh Kumar Ganesh Kumar Ganesh Kumar Follow Jan 5 How to Setup an LLM Model Locally on Your Machine (Linux) # git 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources Top 10 Productivity Hacks Every Developer Should Know 🚀 How to Stop Your AI Agent From Making Unwanted Code Changes Git Worktrees: The Power Behind Cursor’s Parallel Agents Solving Git Authentication Failures: "Password authentication is not supported" Error 🚀 Introduction to Git Worktree (With Oh My Zsh Aliases) 🤖🤖How to run AI in parallel easily and for free (Git Worktree Runner)🧠🧠 First steps towards Codeberg If You Think YOUR Commit Messages Are Bad, Just Wait… I Built a CLI Tool to Make Git Worktree Enjoyable Fixing Common Git Lock Errors: Understanding and Recovering from .git/index.lock How to Check the Number of Lines Changed in Your Current Git Branch Compared to Main A Better Way to Run Git Worktrees Finally! How to Verify Your Git Commits with GPG: A Step-by-Step Guide I spent years mastering Git, then Lazygit made me faster in a week. Automatically switching Git Identities and SSH Keys on the same machine Supercharge Your AI Coding Workflow: A Complete Guide to Git Worktrees with Claude Code Gitlogue: Turning Your Commit History into a Cinematic Terminal Experience I Looked Inside .git and You Won't Believe What I Found (Actually, You Will,cos It's Fascinating) My Current Tech Stack in 2026 GitHub's December 2025 - January 2026: The Ships That Matter 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/bingkahu/from-moths-to-microservices-a-comprehensive-history-of-coding-part-1-3a51 | From Moths to Microservices: A Comprehensive History of Coding: Part 1 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse bingkahu Posted on Jan 12 From Moths to Microservices: A Comprehensive History of Coding: Part 1 # programming # coding # discuss # software Seeds of Computation: From Binary Dreams to Ada’s Algorithm Introduction Before keyboards clicked and terminals blinked, before compilers argued and linters nagged, there were ideas—raw, audacious ideas about how thought itself could be mechanized. The history of coding doesn’t start with code; it starts with the intellectual scaffolding that made code possible. Binary wasn’t born in a lab—it was a philosophical stance. Logic wasn’t invented for circuits—it was invented to formalize reasoning. And the first “program” wasn’t written on a computer—it was imagined for a machine that didn’t yet exist. This section is a deep dive into the first era of coding history (1600s–1800s), where computation was more concept than artifact. We’ll wander through Leibniz’s binary dream, Boole’s algebra of thought, Babbage’s mechanical imagination, and Ada Lovelace’s visionary leap—the moment programming became more than arithmetic. Along the way, we’ll connect these ideas to the DNA of modern software, because the past isn’t just prologue—it’s the architecture beneath everything we build. Leibniz and the Binary Dream A philosopher sees the machine in the math In 1679, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz wrote about representing numbers using only two symbols: 0 and 1. It wasn’t just a clever encoding trick; for Leibniz, binary was metaphysical. He saw it as a reflection of creation—something from nothing, being from non-being. That philosophical framing matters, because it’s the reason binary stuck. Binary isn’t merely efficient; it’s elemental. Why binary won Simplicity: Two states—on/off, true/false—map cleanly to physical systems. Noise tolerance: Binary signals are resilient; small variations don’t change meaning. Universality: Any data—numbers, text, images, sound—can be represented as sequences of bits. Composability: Complex structures emerge from simple primitives (bits → bytes → words → files → systems). Binary is the ultimate compression of meaning. It’s the smallest alphabet that can still write everything. George Boole and the Algebra of Thought Logic becomes programmable In 1854, George Boole published An Investigation of the Laws of Thought . His goal was audacious: to formalize reasoning as algebra. He introduced operations like AND , OR , NOT , and XOR , and showed how they could model truth. He wasn’t building circuits—but he invented their language. Boolean operations in plain terms AND: True if both inputs are true. OR: True if at least one input is true. NOT: Inverts truth. XOR: True if inputs differ. These aren’t just abstract symbols—they’re the basis of every CPU. Every instruction, every branch, every comparison is Boolean logic in motion. A tiny truth table A B A AND B A OR B A XOR B NOT A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 This table is the heartbeat of computing. Every conditional, every branch predictor, every pipeline hazard—somewhere underneath, it’s this. Charles Babbage and the Analytical Engine The first programmable machine—on paper In the 1830s, Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine , a mechanical computer powered by gears, levers, and punched cards. It was never fully built, but the design was revolutionary. It wasn’t a calculator—it was a general-purpose machine. The engine’s architecture The mill: A processing unit—like a CPU. The store: Memory—like RAM. Punched cards: Input—like programs and data. Printer: Output—like I/O devices. Babbage didn’t just imagine computation; he imagined programmable computation. He separated data from instructions. He introduced control flow. He designed a machine that could loop. Ada Lovelace: The First Programmer A visionary beyond arithmetic Working with Babbage, Ada Lovelace wrote notes describing how the Analytical Engine could calculate Bernoulli numbers. But she went further. She imagined machines manipulating symbols beyond numbers. She saw computers as creative tools. “The Analytical Engine weaves algebraic patterns just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves.” Ada didn’t just write an algorithm—she wrote a philosophy of programming. She understood that computation was symbolic , not just numeric. She foresaw software. Programming as art Ada’s loom analogy wasn’t poetic fluff—it was a design principle. She saw patterns, composition, and structure. She understood that instructions could be woven into meaning. That’s software architecture. That’s design patterns. That’s abstraction. The Jacquard Loom and Punched Cards The first “programs” were textiles The Jacquard loom used punched cards to control weaving patterns. Each card encoded a row of instructions. Swap the cards, change the pattern. That’s modularity. That’s reusability. That’s versioning. Cards as code Data encoding: Holes represent binary states. Sequencing: Cards define order—like instruction streams. Modularity: Patterns are reusable—like libraries. The loom wasn’t a computer, but it was programmable. It taught the world that machines could follow symbolic instructions. Why This Era Matters The 1600s–1800s weren’t about writing code in the modern sense. They were about inventing the mental models that make code possible. Binary: The substrate of digital representation. Boolean logic: The grammar of computation. Programmable machines: The architecture of software. Symbolic manipulation: The leap from arithmetic to abstraction. Without these ideas, modern programming wouldn’t exist. They’re not trivia—they’re the foundation. Tangents, Anecdotes, and the Human Texture Leibniz built a mechanical calculator, the Stepped Reckoner , which could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. It foreshadowed programmable machines. Boole’s work was initially dismissed as abstract philosophy. It took decades before engineers realized its practical value. Babbage was notorious for abandoning projects. He designed multiple engines but never finished them. Ada Lovelace struggled against societal norms that discouraged women from mathematics. Her legacy is a testament to vision against odds. Closing the Chapter The first era of coding history is a story of seeds—ideas planted in philosophy, mathematics, and mechanical design. Binary gave us the alphabet. Boolean logic gave us grammar. The Analytical Engine gave us architecture. Ada Lovelace gave us narrative. These aren’t museum pieces. They’re living tools. They’re the reason your code compiles, your CPU branches, your data serializes, your systems scale. They’re the reason programming is more than arithmetic—it’s expression. Want Section 2? If you want me to continue into Section 2: The Dawn of Electronic Computing (1930s–1940s) —Alan Turing’s universal machine, ENIAC’s plugboard programming, the first “bug,” and the birth of assembly—say the word. If this resonates, show support, drop a comment, or share it. I’ll turn this into a full series that traces the arc from Ada’s algorithm to AI-assisted coding, with deep dives, code snippets, and the human stories that make it all feel alive. *Warning! Parts of this are AI-generated, check important info for mistakes. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse bingkahu Follow Full-stack developer focused on decentralized communication and privacy-centric web applications. 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https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#step-2-compare-proxy-vs-target-latency | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/aws-builders/can-we-implement-asynchronous-circuit-breakers-with-serverless-architecture-34gh#comments | Can we implement asynchronous circuit breakers with serverless architecture? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Marcos Henrique for AWS Community Builders Posted on Dec 22, 2023 • Edited on Dec 26, 2023 Can we implement asynchronous circuit breakers with serverless architecture? # todayilearned # aws # serverless Scenario We are attempting to make a post request that involves calling a third-party API , the application is serverless and an EDA , so everything. Nevertheless, this API occasionally experiences unexpected outages. We are currently exploring possible solutions to address this issue. A typical "trust no one" problem can arise when integrating with external partners or suppliers, and the first thing that occurred in my mind was whether I should use a circuit breaker , However, this is only used in synchronous applications, and my application is entirely asynchronous . How can I achieve it? First of all, let's recap. What is a circuit breaker ? Visualise your app as a rock star holding an arena concert, and the Circuit Breaker is that guy backstage who knows when you've just gone too far. You'll fry the stage wiring if you keep up like that. So, your application is at the top of its lungs, each note is a service call. But then suddenly, the guitar amp (your database) wants to rest. Rather than having your app crying for more solos, like a cool roadie, the Circuit Breaker watches out after things, saying: "Calm down there. The amp needs time to breathe." It's like making sure your concert doesn't descend into a riotous frenzy, allowing the guitar amp (your company) to cool down. Who wants to hear the tale of a concert fiasco? In the curtain call, the Circuit Breaker is your backup plan for staying gigable even when glitches strike you out midair. So, you can rock on, but with a safety net. Backing to the tech buzzwords In a nutshell, a circuit breaker is designed for synchronous applications because it can interrupt the sequence of operations when one fails swiftly. In synchronous settings, operations occur linearly, allowing the circuit breaker to prevent cascading failures effectively. In contrast, asynchronous applications, with concurrent and independent operations, often rely on different error-handling mechanisms better suited to their non-linear and non-blocking nature Is it possible to accomplish an asynchronous circuit breaker? I've been brainstorming and coming up with some out-of-the-box ways to achieve our goal. I'm excited to share these two approaches with you! 1 - A self-healing Lambda function that adapts its throughput based on performance This unbeatable article goes through a way how to handle third parties in an approach using kinesis and a ventilator lambda function , below it's a small piece of this treasure written by the marvellous serverless hero Yan Cui at the OG BurningMonk Blog . The ventilator function can, therefore, self-adjust its batch size by updating the Kinesis event source mapping. As the provider API’s response time goes up, the ventilator can respond by reducing its batch size. This gives the API a chance to catch its breath and recover. When the response time returns to acceptable levels, then the ventilator can gradually increase its batch size back to previous levels 2 - Take a break for your downstream 😅 After a quick catch-up with a 🇵🇱 Polish Wizard a.k.a Łukasz Kiedrowski 🧙♂️, giving me some wisdom, he sent me a quote that basically blew my mind. This quote, written by him, clarified the perspective I was wondering about, a way to achieve the wanted async circuit breaker using basically only a DLQ In EDA architectures DLQ (maxReceiveCount + dynamic visibility timeout) will act as a circuit breaker in Synchronous architectures This approach will protect you from the third party but won't act, in fact, as a "breaker". It will reduce the invocations instead of breaking it, protecting you from third-party failure . This post presents some alternatives for implementing a circuit breaker within an asynchronous serverless environment. Please let me know if you would like to see an implementation of this. Of course, I would highly appreciate constructive discussion. If you don't agree with anything mentioned here, please feel free to leave your comments below. Cheers! Top comments (7) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Andy Andy Andy Follow Joined Dec 24, 2023 • Dec 24 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Lots of ways to skin the cat here but ultimately you need some flag controlling the status of the third party service, updated by your Lambda. From there you could use either AWS Systems Manager or AWS Config to control concurrency/batch size of the Lambda function, reacting to changes in the flag. Think of it as a Cloudwatch Alarm or a Feature Flag. That's only half the battle of course, it's still letting messages through so configure SQS to push to a DLQ but also ensure the DLQ is set to redrive those messages back to the source queue, with timings that make sense for the process. Then it's completely automatic and you don't need to intervene or worry about it, other than to consider if you need FIFO or not and what sort of throughput you need and the resulting backlog that will cause. If your app is truly EDA, then it should also respect idempotency to prevent inadvertent duplication and back to the earlier point on Cloudwatch Alarms, if your backlog ends up high you can increase batch size and concurrency based on queue depth so you're not waiting ages for the processes to catch up following the outage. Hope that helps! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marcos Henrique AWS Community Builders Marcos Henrique AWS Community Builders Marcos Henrique Follow "Programming isn't about what you know; it's about what you can figure out.” Learning in Public 🧑🏻💻 Email wakeupmh@gmail.com Location São José dos Campos Work Cloud Engineer | AWS Community Builder Joined May 21, 2019 • Dec 24 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, man! Thanks a lot for sharing. This could help clarify everything for everyone who drops by. Hehe. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marcos Henrique AWS Community Builders Marcos Henrique AWS Community Builders Marcos Henrique Follow "Programming isn't about what you know; it's about what you can figure out.” Learning in Public 🧑🏻💻 Email wakeupmh@gmail.com Location São José dos Campos Work Cloud Engineer | AWS Community Builder Joined May 21, 2019 • Dec 24 '23 • Edited on Dec 24 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was wondering if it's possible to throttle the first lambda when a CloudWatch alarm is triggered Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andy Andy Andy Follow Joined Dec 24, 2023 • Dec 25 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Kind of. Two options... In your Lambda, your external service has failed, your batch is now 1, you get the next message, it fails. Before dropping to the DLQ you check that feature flag and if it's in error state then throw in a 30 second sleep. This will really slow down batch retrieval, but will increase Lambda runtime and cost and make sure concurrency is 1 or you can get 100 functions sitting for 30 seconds!! You don't want to lose messages which is why you have SQS but you might not want to lose the FIFO ordering either which DLQ usage will. In which case you can "turn off" SQS as an event source temporarily. It doesn't turn off SQS, you'll still get messages from your publisher but Lambda won't trigger. In this scenario, you would then need the feature flag to trigger another function that checks the response on your external service regularly and when it's working again it updates the feature flag and enables SQS as the event source. This is useful when that external service can be down for hours at a time. I had this with a vendor and didn't want to just cycle through the queue over and over, so this is the "proper" circuit breaker approach, in that the circuit is disabled and nothing passes through it until you turn it back on again. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Roxanne D. Miller Roxanne D. Miller Roxanne D. Miller Follow I AM SALES MANGER IN AL KHAN . Joined Jan 9, 2024 • Jan 20 '24 • Edited on Jan 23 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, implementing asynchronous circuit breakers in a serverless architecture is feasible. Serverless computing relies on event-driven functions, and asynchronous circuit breakers can be designed to monitor and manage such events. By leveraging serverless features like AWS Lambda or Azure Functions, developers can implement circuit-breaking patterns to handle asynchronous communication and prevent system failures and there is now easier to browse ( scoopearth.com/recieving-healing-b... ) site for best body healing. This approach enhances fault tolerance by temporarily isolating faulty services, allowing them to recover independently. Asynchronous circuit breakers in serverless architectures contribute to robust, scalable, and resilient systems, ensuring smooth operation even in the face of unpredictable events or failures. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand chgerkens chgerkens chgerkens Follow Location Hamburg, Germany Work AWS Solution Architect at globaldatanet Joined Jan 13, 2021 • Jan 2 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You may want to check out "Circuit Breaker Solution for AWS Lambda Functions" medium.com/@ch.gerkens/circuit-bre... Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Marcos Henrique AWS Community Builders Marcos Henrique AWS Community Builders Marcos Henrique Follow "Programming isn't about what you know; it's about what you can figure out.” Learning in Public 🧑🏻💻 Email wakeupmh@gmail.com Location São José dos Campos Work Cloud Engineer | AWS Community Builder Joined May 21, 2019 • Jan 3 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide such amazing approach, thanks for sharing it Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse AWS Community Builders Follow Build On! Would you like to become an AWS Community Builder? Learn more about the program and apply to join when applications are open next. Learn more More from AWS Community Builders From Fragmented Monitoring to Unified Observability # cncf # aws # ecs # opentelemetry AWS Graviton migration with Kiro CLI and the Arm MCP server # kiro # aws # arm # mcp 🩺 How I Troubleshoot an EC2 Instance in the Real World (Using Instance Diagnostics) # aws # ec2 # linux # cloud 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/productivity/page/8#main-content | Productivity Page 8 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Productivity Follow Hide Productivity includes tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Create Post submission guidelines Please check if your article contains information or discussion bases about productivity. From posts with the tag #productivity we expect tips on how to use tools and software, process optimization, useful references, experience, and mindstate optimization. Productivity is a very broad term with many aspects and topics. From the color design of the office to personal rituals, anything can contribute to increase / optimize your own productivity or that of a team. about #productivity Does my article fit the tag? It depends! 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Right menu The 3-Argument Rule: How to Stop "Argument Bankruptcy" Doogal Simpson Doogal Simpson Doogal Simpson Follow Jan 5 The 3-Argument Rule: How to Stop "Argument Bankruptcy" # javascript # beginners # productivity # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Collaboration Still Breaks Context — And What Comes Next Sagar Joshi Sagar Joshi Sagar Joshi Follow Jan 5 Why Collaboration Still Breaks Context — And What Comes Next # distributedsystems # ai # productivity # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚀 Web Hosting in 2026: A Practical Guide for Founders, Developers & Students kiran ravi kiran ravi kiran ravi Follow Jan 6 🚀 Web Hosting in 2026: A Practical Guide for Founders, Developers & Students # devops # opensource # resources # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read Why AI Agents Fail Long Projects (And the Anthropic Fix) Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 5 Why AI Agents Fail Long Projects (And the Anthropic Fix) # ai # engineering # anthropic # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read Why Is My Android Auto Not Connecting To My Car Tech Fixes Tech Fixes Tech Fixes Follow Jan 7 Why Is My Android Auto Not Connecting To My Car # android # tutorial # beginners # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI-generated code will choke delivery pipelines srvaroa srvaroa srvaroa Follow Jan 6 AI-generated code will choke delivery pipelines # softwareengineering # cicd # productivity # ai Comments Add Comment 7 min read Your Content Isn’t Bad. Your Hook Is. gijo joseph gijo joseph gijo joseph Follow Jan 6 Your Content Isn’t Bad. Your Hook Is. # ai # buildinpublic # productivity # writing Comments Add Comment 1 min read The Open Source Alternative to IDM ( Mac / Linux / Windows ) Soroush Soroush Soroush Follow Jan 7 The Open Source Alternative to IDM ( Mac / Linux / Windows ) # github # opensource # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Built a CLI to Capture Website Screenshots From The Terminal Erik Erik Erik Follow Jan 6 I Built a CLI to Capture Website Screenshots From The Terminal # showdev # rust # webdev # productivity 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read How to validate your startup idea in 2 minutes instead of 2 weeks Sumit Sharma Sumit Sharma Sumit Sharma Follow Jan 7 How to validate your startup idea in 2 minutes instead of 2 weeks # webdev # programming # ai # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Transform Vim Into a Powerful IDE with File Tree Navigation ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com ITpraktika.com Follow Jan 5 Transform Vim Into a Powerful IDE with File Tree Navigation # vim # linux # terminal # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read Tmux - less windows, more ⚒ Sushant Kulkarni Sushant Kulkarni Sushant Kulkarni Follow Jan 7 Tmux - less windows, more ⚒ # cli # linux # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read Extended Thinking: How to Make Claude Actually Think Before It Answers Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Rajesh Royal Follow Jan 7 Extended Thinking: How to Make Claude Actually Think Before It Answers # tutorial # claudecode # productivity # beginners 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Top Mistakes Crypto Projects Make Before Listing (and How to Avoid Them) Emir Taner Emir Taner Emir Taner Follow Jan 6 Top Mistakes Crypto Projects Make Before Listing (and How to Avoid Them) # blockchain # web3 # tutorial # productivity 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How Serverless & Community Can Transform Your Career N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 6 How Serverless & Community Can Transform Your Career # aws # serverless # productivity # lambda 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building a Chrome Extension That Summarises Financial Reports in Real-Time Mayuresh Smita Suresh Mayuresh Smita Suresh Mayuresh Smita Suresh Follow Jan 7 Building a Chrome Extension That Summarises Financial Reports in Real-Time # javascript # ai # fintech # productivity 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Managing Projects in the Age of Digital Health Transformation: New Rules, New Tools, New Mindset Alex Rodov Alex Rodov Alex Rodov Follow Jan 6 Managing Projects in the Age of Digital Health Transformation: New Rules, New Tools, New Mindset # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Stop Chasing Five Stars. Start Building Systems. Arjun Rajkumar Arjun Rajkumar Arjun Rajkumar Follow Jan 5 Stop Chasing Five Stars. Start Building Systems. # management # productivity # startup Comments Add Comment 5 min read 🚀 Beaver Tools — Tiny macOS Utilities That Just Work Christian Ahrweiler Christian Ahrweiler Christian Ahrweiler Follow Jan 6 🚀 Beaver Tools — Tiny macOS Utilities That Just Work # showdev # productivity # tooling # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Why Companies Are Pausing Hiring Sela Network Sela Network Sela Network Follow Jan 11 Why Companies Are Pausing Hiring # ai # productivity # softwaredevelopment # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read My 2025 review Victor Dorneanu Victor Dorneanu Victor Dorneanu Follow Jan 5 My 2025 review # productivity # learning # devops # review Comments Add Comment 15 min read CES 2026 to Showcase Pervasive AI Advancements from Semiconductors to Smart Living and Ethical Debates. Stelixx Insights Stelixx Insights Stelixx Insights Follow Jan 6 CES 2026 to Showcase Pervasive AI Advancements from Semiconductors to Smart Living and Ethical Debates. # ai # web3 # blockchain # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built screen2.link to Share Screenshots Without Uploading Them Everywhere Christian Ahrweiler Christian Ahrweiler Christian Ahrweiler Follow Jan 6 I Built screen2.link to Share Screenshots Without Uploading Them Everywhere # showdev # privacy # productivity # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read Writing with AI Assistance Burve (Burve Story Lab) Burve (Burve Story Lab) Burve (Burve Story Lab) Follow Jan 5 Writing with AI Assistance # writing # ai # productivity # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 7 min read Set up dev environment with Claude Code sabyasachi sabyasachi sabyasachi Follow Jan 10 Set up dev environment with Claude Code # ai # tutorial # tooling # productivity Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Machine Learning Follow Hide A branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the machine learning. Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Older #machinelearning posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 596 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 13 How to Build a Voice AI Agent for HVAC Customer Support: My Experience # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev Comments Add Comment 14 min read Building a "Remembering" AI Trading Agent with Python, LangGraph, and Obsidian Jaeil Woo Jaeil Woo Jaeil Woo Follow Jan 11 Building a "Remembering" AI Trading Agent with Python, LangGraph, and Obsidian # opensource # python # machinelearning # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read How Large Language Models (LLMs) Actually Generate Text Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Follow Jan 13 How Large Language Models (LLMs) Actually Generate Text # ai # machinelearning # beginners # learning 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read AI Engineering: Why the Environment Is the Most Ignored Long-Term Asset yuer yuer yuer Follow Jan 13 AI Engineering: Why the Environment Is the Most Ignored Long-Term Asset # cuda # gpu # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 5 min read Fine-Tuning and Inference in LLMs: From Custom Models to Production Deployment Ryan Giggs Ryan Giggs Ryan Giggs Follow Jan 13 Fine-Tuning and Inference in LLMs: From Custom Models to Production Deployment # finetuning # llminference # lora # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read What SmartML Benchmarks Tell You Before Hyperparameter Tuning Jashwanth Thatipamula Jashwanth Thatipamula Jashwanth Thatipamula Follow Jan 13 What SmartML Benchmarks Tell You Before Hyperparameter Tuning # ai # machinelearning # learning # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Data Poisoning as Mythic Corruption: How Attackers Taint the Well of AI Narnaiezzsshaa Truong Narnaiezzsshaa Truong Narnaiezzsshaa Truong Follow Jan 12 Data Poisoning as Mythic Corruption: How Attackers Taint the Well of AI # security # programming # ai # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 6 min read perceptron - day 01 of dl Mahraib Fatima Mahraib Fatima Mahraib Fatima Follow Jan 12 perceptron - day 01 of dl # ai # beginners # deeplearning # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read dots-ocr: Open-Source OCR Outperforms Giants for Multilingual Automation Dr Hernani Costa Dr Hernani Costa Dr Hernani Costa Follow Jan 12 dots-ocr: Open-Source OCR Outperforms Giants for Multilingual Automation # ai # automation # machinelearning # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building GeoAI Models: From Spatial Data to Actionable Insights Koushik Vishal Annamalai Koushik Vishal Annamalai Koushik Vishal Annamalai Follow Jan 12 Building GeoAI Models: From Spatial Data to Actionable Insights # ai # machinelearning # python # gis Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to Transcribe and Detect Intent Using Deepgram for STT: A Developer's Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 12 How to Transcribe and Detect Intent Using Deepgram for STT: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read The Limitations of Text Embeddings in RAG Applications: A Deep Engineering Dive Kumar Kislay Kumar Kislay Kumar Kislay Follow Jan 12 The Limitations of Text Embeddings in RAG Applications: A Deep Engineering Dive # productivity # sre # rag # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 19 min read The Essential Guide to Building a Climate Data Analysis Project Adnan Arif Adnan Arif Adnan Arif Follow Jan 12 The Essential Guide to Building a Climate Data Analysis Project # climatedata # dataanalysis # climatechange # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 8 min read Building AI Agents in 2025: From ChatGPT to Multi-Agent Systems Muhammad Zulqarnain Akram Muhammad Zulqarnain Akram Muhammad Zulqarnain Akram Follow Jan 12 Building AI Agents in 2025: From ChatGPT to Multi-Agent Systems # ai # machinelearning # python # webdev Comments Add Comment 4 min read CLI agents make self-hosting on a home server easier and fun Aman Shekhar Aman Shekhar Aman Shekhar Follow Jan 12 CLI agents make self-hosting on a home server easier and fun # ai # machinelearning # techtrends Comments Add Comment 5 min read Beyond Linear Regression: Building Proactive Risk Models with Python Rohan Shahane Rohan Shahane Rohan Shahane Follow Jan 12 Beyond Linear Regression: Building Proactive Risk Models with Python # python # datascience # machinelearning # fintech Comments Add Comment 3 min read Under the Hood: VaidhLlama Architecture & Training Pipeline Vivek Patel Vivek Patel Vivek Patel Follow Jan 12 Under the Hood: VaidhLlama Architecture & Training Pipeline # ai # machinelearning # python # finetuning 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Cuando le dices a tu LLM "No pulses ese botón" Joaquin Jose del Cerro Murciano Joaquin Jose del Cerro Murciano Joaquin Jose del Cerro Murciano Follow Jan 12 Cuando le dices a tu LLM "No pulses ese botón" # spanish # ai # promptengineering # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 12 min read K-Means Clustering Step by Step: Beginner-Friendly Bangla Guide Moriam Akter Swarna Moriam Akter Swarna Moriam Akter Swarna Follow Jan 12 K-Means Clustering Step by Step: Beginner-Friendly Bangla Guide # machinelearning # clustering # kmeansclustering Comments Add Comment 3 min read 3 Ways to Run AI in the Browser with Next.js (No API Keys Required) Niroshan Dh Niroshan Dh Niroshan Dh Follow Jan 12 3 Ways to Run AI in the Browser with Next.js (No API Keys Required) # javascript # webdev # ai # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) # ai # machinelearning # aws # certification 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) # ai # machinelearning # aws # certification 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read How to Build Custom Pipelines for Voice AI Integration: A Developer's Journey CallStack Tech CallStack Tech CallStack Tech Follow Jan 11 How to Build Custom Pipelines for Voice AI Integration: A Developer's Journey # ai # voicetech # machinelearning # webdev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 13 min read From Manual Testing to AI Pipelines: Lessons That Never Changed in My QA Career Adnan Arif Adnan Arif Adnan Arif Follow Jan 12 From Manual Testing to AI Pipelines: Lessons That Never Changed in My QA Career # ai # machinelearning # testing Comments Add Comment 4 min read Paper Review: Scaling Up to Excellence: Practicing Model Scaling for Photo-Realistic Image Restoration In the Wild Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Paper Review: Scaling Up to Excellence: Practicing Model Scaling for Photo-Realistic Image Restoration In the Wild # computerscience # machinelearning # deeplearning # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources Beyond Coding: Your Accountability Buddy with Claude Code Skill If You’re Learning AI, These 5 Books Are All You Need AI World Clocks Qwen-Image-Edit-2511：人物一致性再上新台阶 LightRAG Tutorial: A Practical Guide to Knowledge Graph-Based RAG Train a Custom Z‑Image Turbo LoRA with the Ostris AI Toolkit (RunPod Edition) Complete Guide to Run AI Models Locally, Even on Mid-Tier Laptop Prompt Length vs. Context Window: The Real Limits Behind LLM Performance Building a Unified Benchmarking Pipeline for Computer Vision — Without Rewriting Code for Every Task Fabrice Bellard Releases MicroQuickJS Building Sentence Transformers in Rust: A Practical Guide with Burn, ONNX Runtime, and Candle 5 Key Performance Benchmarks for AI Development in 2025 LightRAG Tutorial: Getting Started with Knowledge Graph-Based RAG Z-Image: Alibaba's 6B-Parameter Open-Source Model Revolutionizes Efficient Image Generation Amazing Z-Image Workflow v3.0: Complete Guide to Enhanced ComfyUI Image Generation Toon: A Lightweight Data Format That Helps Cut LLM Token Costs ESP32-S3 + TensorFlow Lite Micro: A Practical Guide to Local Wake Word & Edge AI Inference Join the AI Agents Intensive Course Writing Challenge with Google and Kaggle Cracking the Medical Coding Challenge: Fine-Tuning BioBERT for ICD-10 Classification (Part 1) AWS S3 Vectors at scale: Real performance numbers at 10 million Vectors 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://forem.com/pockit_tools#main-content | HK Lee - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions HK Lee solo web developer Joined Joined on Dec 26, 2025 Personal website https://pockit.tools github website More info about @pockit_tools Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 19 posts published Comment 2 comments written Tag 8 tags followed The Async/Await Pitfalls You're Still Making in 2026: A Complete JavaScript Debugging Guide HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Jan 12 The Async/Await Pitfalls You're Still Making in 2026: A Complete JavaScript Debugging Guide # javascript # asyncawait # debugging # node Comments Add Comment 12 min read Want to connect with HK Lee? Create an account to connect with HK Lee. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in pnpm vs npm vs yarn vs Bun: The 2026 Package Manager Showdown HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Jan 9 pnpm vs npm vs yarn vs Bun: The 2026 Package Manager Showdown # pnpm # npm # yarn # bunjs Comments Add Comment 9 min read GPT-5 vs Claude Opus 4.5 vs Gemini 3: The 2026 AI Coding Model Showdown HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Jan 8 GPT-5 vs Claude Opus 4.5 vs Gemini 3: The 2026 AI Coding Model Showdown # gpt # claude # gemini # ai Comments Add Comment 8 min read Vercel AI SDK Complete Guide: Building Production-Ready AI Chat Apps with Next.js HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Jan 7 Vercel AI SDK Complete Guide: Building Production-Ready AI Chat Apps with Next.js # vercelaisdk # nextjs # ai # chatgpt Comments 2 comments 13 min read Mastering Cursor Rules: The Ultimate Guide to .cursorrules and Memory Bank for 10x Developer Productivity HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Jan 6 Mastering Cursor Rules: The Ultimate Guide to .cursorrules and Memory Bank for 10x Developer Productivity # cursor # aicoding # promptengineering # llm Comments Add Comment 12 min read Tailwind CSS v4 Migration Guide: Everything That Changed and How to Upgrade (2026) HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Jan 5 Tailwind CSS v4 Migration Guide: Everything That Changed and How to Upgrade (2026) # tailwindcss # css # frontend Comments Add Comment 7 min read PostgreSQL vs MySQL vs MongoDB in 2026: The Honest Comparison Nobody Asked For HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Jan 1 PostgreSQL vs MySQL vs MongoDB in 2026: The Honest Comparison Nobody Asked For # database # postgres # mysql # mongodb Comments Add Comment 8 min read Rust for JavaScript Developers: A Practical Guide to Your First 1000 Lines (2026) HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 31 '25 Rust for JavaScript Developers: A Practical Guide to Your First 1000 Lines (2026) # rust # javascript # typescript # programminglanguages 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Why Your Next.js Cache Isn't Working (And How to Fix It in 2026) HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 30 '25 Why Your Next.js Cache Isn't Working (And How to Fix It in 2026) # nextjs # caching # approuter # react Comments Add Comment 11 min read CSS :has() Selector Deep Dive: The Parent Selector That Changes Everything HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 29 '25 CSS :has() Selector Deep Dive: The Parent Selector That Changes Everything # css # frontend # performance # cssselectors 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 10 min read Deno 2 vs Node.js vs Bun in 2026: The Complete JavaScript Runtime Comparison HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 27 '25 Deno 2 vs Node.js vs Bun in 2026: The Complete JavaScript Runtime Comparison # deno # node # javascript # typescript Comments 1 comment 9 min read Model Context Protocol (MCP): The Complete Guide to Building AI Agents That Actually Work HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 27 '25 Model Context Protocol (MCP): The Complete Guide to Building AI Agents That Actually Work # mcp # aiagents # llm # openai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read Vite vs. Webpack in 2026: A Complete Migration Guide and Deep Performance Analysis HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 27 '25 Vite vs. Webpack in 2026: A Complete Migration Guide and Deep Performance Analysis # vite # webpack # javascript # bundler 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read Why Your Docker Build is So Slow: A Deep Dive into Multistage Dockerfile Optimization HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 27 '25 Why Your Docker Build is So Slow: A Deep Dive into Multistage Dockerfile Optimization # docker # devops # optimization # containers 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 12 min read A Deep Dive into JavaScript's Temporal API: Finally Escaping Date Hell in 2025 HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 27 '25 A Deep Dive into JavaScript's Temporal API: Finally Escaping Date Hell in 2025 # javascript # temporalapi # ecmascript # typescript Comments Add Comment 16 min read Debugging Node.js Memory Leaks: A Complete Troubleshooting Guide with Real-World Examples HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 27 '25 Debugging Node.js Memory Leaks: A Complete Troubleshooting Guide with Real-World Examples # node # memoryleak # debugging # javascript Comments Add Comment 10 min read Building AI Agents from Scratch: A Deep Dive into Function Calling, Tool Use, and Agentic Patterns HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 27 '25 Building AI Agents from Scratch: A Deep Dive into Function Calling, Tool Use, and Agentic Patterns # ai # llm # agents # typescript Comments 1 comment 9 min read The Complete Guide to Streaming LLM Responses in Web Applications: From SSE to Real-Time UI HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 27 '25 The Complete Guide to Streaming LLM Responses in Web Applications: From SSE to Real-Time UI # llm # streaming # sse # node Comments Add Comment 10 min read Why is useEffect Running Twice? The Complete Guide to React 19 Strict Mode and Effect Cleanup HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Dec 26 '25 Why is useEffect Running Twice? The Complete Guide to React 19 Strict Mode and Effect Cleanup # react # react19 # useeffect # strictmode Comments Add Comment 10 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://forem.com/t/openai | OpenAI - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close OpenAI Follow Hide OpenAI is an artificial intelligence (AI) research laboratory consisting of the for-profit corporation OpenAI LP and its parent company, the non-profit OpenAI Inc. Create Post submission guidelines We welcome all posts around the topic of OpenAI - technical articles, personal stories, and discussions around GPT-3, ChatGPT, DALL-E, and Whisper! Older #openai posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 2025 Voice AI Guide How to Make Your Own Real-Time Voice Agent (Part-3) Boopathi Boopathi Boopathi Follow Jan 11 2025 Voice AI Guide How to Make Your Own Real-Time Voice Agent (Part-3) # voiceagent # llm # openai # pipecat 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 15 min read [Learning Notes][OpenAI] About OpenAI's New Function Calling Feature Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Learning Notes][OpenAI] About OpenAI's New Function Calling Feature # llm # openai # api # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read Today I Learned: Generative AI News and Applications, March 21, 2023 Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Today I Learned: Generative AI News and Applications, March 21, 2023 # news # openai # chatgpt # ai Comments 1 comment 3 min read Notes on GPT-4V(ision): The Dawn of LMMs Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Notes on GPT-4V(ision): The Dawn of LMMs # llm # openai # microsoft # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Today I Learned: How OpenAI/ChatGPT Uses Your Data for Training Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Today I Learned: How OpenAI/ChatGPT Uses Your Data for Training # privacy # openai # chatgpt # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read If OpenAI Swallows Pinterest: How 200 Billion Intent Images Could Reshape the AI Technology Stack Apnews Apnews Apnews Follow Jan 9 If OpenAI Swallows Pinterest: How 200 Billion Intent Images Could Reshape the AI Technology Stack # news # ai # datascience # openai Comments Add Comment 10 min read I Completely Moved from Google Cloud AI to Azure OpenAI Service Because of This One Feature Pratik Pathak Pratik Pathak Pratik Pathak Follow Jan 8 I Completely Moved from Google Cloud AI to Azure OpenAI Service Because of This One Feature # discuss # azure # gcp # openai Comments Add Comment 6 min read Vector Database (OpenAI and Supabase )-Part 2 (Setup) Shloka Shloka Shloka Follow Jan 11 Vector Database (OpenAI and Supabase )-Part 2 (Setup) # vectordatabase # openai # supabase # rag 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Ai Implementation Analysis for FlashFX Gabriele B. Gabriele B. Gabriele B. Follow Jan 5 Ai Implementation Analysis for FlashFX # ai # devjournal # openai # ui 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read OpenAI boosts audio AI development as it prepares to launch an audio-basedpersonal device Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Saiki Sarkar Follow Jan 5 OpenAI boosts audio AI development as it prepares to launch an audio-basedpersonal device # news # ai # openai # product Comments Add Comment 2 min read OpenAI's Warning: Why Prompt Injection is the Unsolvable Flaw of AI Agents Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 5 OpenAI's Warning: Why Prompt Injection is the Unsolvable Flaw of AI Agents # ai # security # openai # cybersecurity Comments Add Comment 2 min read Voice Journaling for Mental Clarity: How to Build Your Own AI-Powered Reflection Tool wellallyTech wellallyTech wellallyTech Follow Jan 6 Voice Journaling for Mental Clarity: How to Build Your Own AI-Powered Reflection Tool # ai # openai # node # mentalhealth Comments Add Comment 2 min read Stop the LLM From Rambling: Using Penalties to Control Repetition Dechun Wang Dechun Wang Dechun Wang Follow Dec 31 '25 Stop the LLM From Rambling: Using Penalties to Control Repetition # promptengineering # llm # nlp # openai Comments Add Comment 5 min read AI Prevents Organized Human-Led Cyber Attacks Farzan Afringan Farzan Afringan Farzan Afringan Follow Dec 31 '25 AI Prevents Organized Human-Led Cyber Attacks # ai # cybersecurity # openai 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read When Your API Documentation Lies: Building an AI-Powered Validator to Catch the Drift Aniket Hingane Aniket Hingane Aniket Hingane Follow Dec 29 '25 When Your API Documentation Lies: Building an AI-Powered Validator to Catch the Drift # api # openai # python # devops Comments Add Comment 14 min read Why Your API Documentation Lies: Building an AI-Powered Validator to Catch the Drift Aniket Hingane Aniket Hingane Aniket Hingane Follow Dec 29 '25 Why Your API Documentation Lies: Building an AI-Powered Validator to Catch the Drift # api # openai # python # devops Comments Add Comment 14 min read When Your API Documentation Lies: Building an AI-Powered Validator to Catch the Drift Aniket Hingane Aniket Hingane Aniket Hingane Follow Dec 29 '25 When Your API Documentation Lies: Building an AI-Powered Validator to Catch the Drift # api # openai # python # devops Comments Add Comment 14 min read Comparing Cloud AI Platforms in 2025: Bedrock, Azure OpenAI, and Gemini Swati Tyagi Swati Tyagi Swati Tyagi Follow Dec 28 '25 Comparing Cloud AI Platforms in 2025: Bedrock, Azure OpenAI, and Gemini # aws # bedrock # openai # gemini Comments Add Comment 2 min read Sam Altman — from Loopt kid to OpenAI’s lightning rod Tashfia Akther Tashfia Akther Tashfia Akther Follow Dec 27 '25 Sam Altman — from Loopt kid to OpenAI’s lightning rod # discuss # ai # startup # openai 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Enterprise-Ready AI Workflows: Formatted Reports + 80% Cost Savings Patrick Roebuck Patrick Roebuck Patrick Roebuck Follow Dec 26 '25 Enterprise-Ready AI Workflows: Formatted Reports + 80% Cost Savings # python # ai # claude # openai Comments Add Comment 3 min read OpenAI Agent Builder Tutorial: Create Intelligent Travel Workflows That Actually Work" TheAIRabbit TheAIRabbit TheAIRabbit Follow Dec 30 '25 OpenAI Agent Builder Tutorial: Create Intelligent Travel Workflows That Actually Work" # openai # agents # tutorial # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read The Research: MiniMax M2.1 (The "Linear" Revolution) Aparna Pradhan Aparna Pradhan Aparna Pradhan Follow Dec 25 '25 The Research: MiniMax M2.1 (The "Linear" Revolution) # llm # openai # rag # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read LLM Deep Dive 2025: Why Claude 4 and GPT-5.1 Change Everything DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 29 '25 LLM Deep Dive 2025: Why Claude 4 and GPT-5.1 Change Everything # news # ai # openai # llm 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read Advanced Prompt Engineering: What Actually Held Up in 2025 monna monna monna Follow Dec 29 '25 Advanced Prompt Engineering: What Actually Held Up in 2025 # discuss # promptengineering # openai Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Create Christmas Videos with AI: Complete Holiday Content Guide ayi ayi ayi Follow Dec 25 '25 How to Create Christmas Videos with AI: Complete Holiday Content Guide # sorastats # sora # ai # openai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... trending guides/resources The OpenAI Mixpanel Security Incident Explained Como Criar um Chatbot com RAG do Zero: Guia Prático com OpenAI e Qdrant Exploring the OpenAI-Compatible APIs in Amazon Bedrock: A CLI Journey Through Project Mantle GPT 5.1 API Deep Dive Claude vs ChatGPT vs Gemini: Why Anthropic’s AI Outcodes the Rest? I Read OpenAI’s GPT-5.2 Prompting Guide So You Don’t Have To Using Vercel AI SDK with Google Gemini: Complete Guide Embeddings y RAG en aplicaciones web Stop Paying OpenAI: Free Local AI in .NET with Ollama Getting Started with OpenAI Codex CLI: AI-Powered Code Generation from Your Terminal 10 AI Coding Patterns That'll Make You Look Like a Wizard 🧙♂️ No OpenAI API? No Problem. Build RAG Locally with Ollama and FastAPI. Gemini CLI vs. Codex CLI: The Battle for Your Terminal How Bifrost Integrates With Your Existing LLM Stack (No Refactoring Required) Stop the LLM From Rambling: Using Penalties to Control Repetition LangChain and OpenRouter in Python I Built a VS Code Extension That Turns GitHub Copilot Into a Full OpenAI-Compatible API AI Recipe Generator: Turn Food Photos into Instant Recipes with AI 🍳✨ Breaking News: OpenAI Rebrands to OpaqueAI If OpenAI Swallows Pinterest: How 200 Billion Intent Images Could Reshape the AI Technology Stack 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Paula Gearon Posted on Mar 12, 2025 Repetition # clojure Sometimes, Clojure seems to miss operations that feel like they should be in clojure.core . I'm clearly not the only one who has felt this way, as evidenced by James Reeves's medley library. These missing operations are typically simple to implement, but after rewriting them for the nth time I feel like putting them in my own library. Or maybe contributing to James's. Today's question was how to identify duplicates in a seq. For instance, say we have a sequence of numbers with a duplicate: ( def a-seq [ 0 1 2 3 4 2 6 ]) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 1 My first thought was that every element in the sequence needs to be compared to every other item. Indeed, if the first element is not equal to any of the sequence that follows it, then that element need not be considered again. How might that look? I'll start with a different seq where the first element does appear again: ( def seq0 [ 0 1 2 3 4 2 0 ]) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We want to avoid indexing and loops whenever possible in Clojure, as these are conceptually low-level, and can be a source of errors. Instead, we want to look in clojure.core for applicable functions whenever possible. As with any Lisp, the 2 main functions to consider for processing seqs are map and reduce . The map operation will do something for every element in a seq, returning a new seq, while reduce will derive a single value from processing each element in a seq. In this case, we're looking for a repeated value: ( reduce ( fn [ result element ] ( or result ( = ( first a-seq ) element ))) nil ( rest a-seq )) true Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode OK, this found the value, but which value was it? ( reduce ( fn [ result element ] ( or result ( and ( = ( first a-seq ) element ) element ))) ( rest a-seq )) 0 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This could then be applied to each subsequence, of the seq, but... wow, is it clunky. The reducing function is doing a lot here, comparing if the result is true yet, and if not, then comparing the provided first element to the element being presented by reduce , returning that element if needed. We could clean it up a little by putting reduced over the return value so that it breaks as soon as the first match is found, and using a singleton set for the equality test: ( reduce ( fn [ result element ] ( or result ( and ( # {( first seq0 )} element ) ( reduced element )))) ( rest seq0 )) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But clojure.core already has a function that does all of this, called some . The documentation even tells us that we can use a set as an "equality" test when searching a seq: ( some # {( first a-seq )} ( rest a-seq )) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 2 But now we want to do this for every sub-seq, dropping off the head each time. One way might be to use drop to remove the start of the seq, counting up: ( map # ( drop % a-seq ) ( range ( count a-seq ))) (( 0 1 2 3 4 2 6 ) ( 1 2 3 4 2 6 ) ( 2 3 4 2 6 ) ( 3 4 2 6 ) ( 4 2 6 ) ( 2 6 ) ( 6 )) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But counting the sequence, or even using map-indexed (which does the counting for you) is still getting very involved in the mechanics of processing a sequence. Is there a higher-level construct? One mechanism is using the rest operation over and over. This might be done using reduce in some way, but fortunately the iterate function does exactly this. Except it returns an infinite series, so we just need to take the correct amount. Let's go past the end by 5 to see why we need to keep it constrained: ( take ( + 5 ( count a-seq )) ( iterate rest a-seq )) ([ 0 1 2 3 4 2 6 ] ( 1 2 3 4 2 6 ) ( 2 3 4 2 6 ) ( 3 4 2 6 ) ( 4 2 6 ) ( 2 6 ) ( 6 ) () () () () ()) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This looks good, but it's still counting the length of the seq, so we want to keep looking for a better approach. The map function is more flexible than simply applying an operation to transform each element of a seq. It can also be used to apply an operation to a group of elements across multiple seqs. The best part about this is that it will terminate as soon as the first of the seqs finishes. So let's try using map between the original seq and the iteration. We can just return the 2 values as pairs to see what we are working with: ( map ( fn [ a b ] [ a b ]) a-seq ( iterate rest a-seq )) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is almost exactly what we want as the arguments for the some operation above. Each operation of the map could execute rest on its second argument, but if we start the iteration one step along, then can get the same effect without needing the extra rest every time: ( map ( fn [ a b ] [ a b ]) a-seq ( rest ( iterate rest a-seq ))) ([ 0 ( 1 2 3 4 2 6 )] [ 1 ( 2 3 4 2 6 )] [ 2 ( 3 4 2 6 )] [ 3 ( 4 2 6 )] [ 4 ( 2 6 )] [ 2 ( 6 )] [ 6 ()]) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode These pairs are exactly what we needed for the some operation, so let's look at that: ( map ( fn [ a b ] ( some # { a } b )) a-seq ( rest ( iterate rest a-seq ))) ( nil nil 2 nil nil nil nil ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 3 This is almost done. We need to skip to the first non- nil value, which we already know we can do using some . However, some needs a function to apply whereas we don't need to do anything to the value, just use it as-is. So we can use identity here: ( some identity ( map ( fn [ a b ] ( some # { a } b )) a-seq ( iterate rest ( rest a-seq )))) 2 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To look more Clojure-ey we would usually run steps like this through a threading macro, and the anonymous function can be abbreviated as well. Of course, we want this to be a function, so we can replace the use of the a-seq value with a function argument, which I'll just call s for "seq": ( defn any= [ s ] ( ->> s rest ( iterate rest ) ( map # ( some # { %1 } %2 ) s ) ( some identity ))) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Step 4 After all of the above, I was thinking I had something relatively nice, and maybe I should write about the process of getting to it. Hence this post. I actually included extra steps along the way, just to spell things out, though I didn't actually go through most of those steps. While thinking of extra steps and alternatives that I could write about, I thought about comparing to Clojure's distinct function which can remove duplicates: ( distinct a-seq ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is similar to what I needed, but instead of telling me when it found a duplicate, it skips the duplicates instead. A similarly written function would also work, but this function is a transducer, and these are probably more work than should be necessary for something relatively simple . I'm not saying that a transducer would be difficult. They follow a straightforward template: ( defn duplicates ([] ( fn [ rf ] ( let [ seen ( volatile! # {})] ( fn ([] ( rf )) ([ result ] ( rf result )) ([ result input ] ( if ( contains? @ seen input ) ( rf result input ) ( do ( vswap! seen conj input ) result ))))))) ([ coll ] ( sequence ( duplicates ) coll ))) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This is actually a little more flexible since it can find all of the duplicates, rather than just the first one: ( duplicates [ 1 2 3 4 2 4 5 1 ]) ( 2 4 1 ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The transducer approach also has the benefit of only processing the seq s single time, and using memory to recall what it has seen. So instead of O(n^2) complexity, it becomes O(n.log(n)) complexity (since the hashmap insertions and lookups are logarithmic - though in Clojure they are effectively O(1)). However, all I needed was a function that could report the first duplicate in a seq. Maybe there was some way to use distinct for that. Let's try using map again, this time against the original seq and it's distinct version. We'll emit pairs to see what is happening: ( map ( fn [ a b ] [ a b ]) a-seq ( distinct a-seq )) ([ 1 1 ] [ 2 2 ] [ 3 3 ] [ 4 4 ] [ 2 5 ]) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode It terminated at the end of the distinct version, but we can see that just at the end the two sequences differed. This will happen if there is a duplicate in the first sequence that didn't appear in the second. So we can output that one when we get to it: ( map ( fn [ a b ] ( when ( not= a b ) a )) a-seq ( distinct a-seq )) ( nil nil nil nil nil 2 ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This will keep emitting values after the first duplicate is found, since the two sequences are now misaligned. Consequently we only want to return the first non-nil value from the seq: ( some identity ( map ( fn [ a b ] ( when ( not= a b ) a )) a-seq ( distinct a-seq ))) 2 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Giving a new version for finding the first duplicate: ( defn any= [ s ] ( ->> s distinct ( map # ( when ( not= %1 %2 ) %1 ) s ) ( some identity ))) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Wrap Up This is a little shorter, has better complexity, and makes better use of clojure.core . I'd probably use this one instead of my first attempt. This post also reminded me to check my assumptions. This is not the first time I've tried to explain why one approach was not as effective as another, only to show that it was better. I need to remember that. Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Ray Miller Ray Miller Ray Miller Follow Joined Sep 26, 2024 • Mar 12 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! I enjoyed your article and it got me thinking about how I might implement this. Recursion can be a very useful tool and it's the one I'd reach for here: (defn any= [[head & tail]] (when tail (or (some #{head} tail) (recur tail)))) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Paula Gearon Follow Just a girl, standing before a compiler, asking it to love her Location Spotsylvania, VA Education Computer Engineering. Physics. Work Semantic Web Architect Joined Dec 1, 2018 More from Paula Gearon How fast is dc? # clojure More Immutability and Clojure # clojure # immutable Immutable Vars and Clojure # clojure # immutable 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/t/platformengineering/page/5 | Platformengineering Page 5 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # platformengineering Follow Hide Building internal platforms to enable application developers to ship code faster and safer. Create Post Older #platformengineering posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Simplify Kubernetes Resource Management with KRO by AWS saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 18 '24 Simplify Kubernetes Resource Management with KRO by AWS # aws # kubernetes # platformengineering # devops 13 reactions Comments 3 comments 5 min read Rely.io September 2024 Product Update Roundup Tiago Barbosa Tiago Barbosa Tiago Barbosa Follow for Rely.io Oct 15 '24 Rely.io September 2024 Product Update Roundup # devops # sre # platformengineering # idp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Optimize Cloud Migration with Kubernetes Lark Mullins Lark Mullins Lark Mullins Follow for Craftwork Oct 9 '24 Optimize Cloud Migration with Kubernetes # kubernetes # devops # platformengineering Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Wrong Way to Use DORA Metrics Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Oct 8 '24 The Wrong Way to Use DORA Metrics # dorametrics # devops # platformengineering # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 7 min read Easier Relationship Mapping in the Backstage Catalog Sam Blausten Sam Blausten Sam Blausten Follow for Roadie Oct 7 '24 Easier Relationship Mapping in the Backstage Catalog # backstage # developerportal # platformengineering # relationships 1 reaction Comments 2 comments 4 min read Internal Developer Portals: Autonomy, Governance and the Golden Path Tiago Barbosa Tiago Barbosa Tiago Barbosa Follow for Rely.io Oct 31 '24 Internal Developer Portals: Autonomy, Governance and the Golden Path # sre # idp # platformengineering # developers 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 15 min read Amazon EKS add-ons: A curated set of software for managing your Kubernetes clusters saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi Follow for AWS Community Builders Oct 22 '24 Amazon EKS add-ons: A curated set of software for managing your Kubernetes clusters # eks # aws # platformengineering # devops 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 21 min read Manage secrets in AWS EKS with AWS Secrets Manager securely saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi Follow for AWS Community Builders Oct 15 '24 Manage secrets in AWS EKS with AWS Secrets Manager securely # eks # kubernetes # security # platformengineering 26 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Adopting Backstage - Documentation and Support Jian Reis Jian Reis Jian Reis Follow for Roadie Oct 3 '24 Adopting Backstage - Documentation and Support # backstage # developerportal # documentation # platformengineering 2 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Limitations in Measuring Platform Engineering with DORA Metrics Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Oct 10 '24 Limitations in Measuring Platform Engineering with DORA Metrics # devops # devex # dorametric # platformengineering Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Ultimate Guide to Backstage Software Catalog Completeness David Tuite David Tuite David Tuite Follow for Roadie Oct 9 '24 The Ultimate Guide to Backstage Software Catalog Completeness # backstage # developerportal # platformengineering # catalog 3 reactions Comments 3 comments 16 min read 7 Reasons Why Developer Experience Is a Strategic Priority Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Sep 24 '24 7 Reasons Why Developer Experience Is a Strategic Priority # devex # productivity # platformengineering # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Improving Backstage performance (by up to 48x) Brian Fletcher Brian Fletcher Brian Fletcher Follow for Roadie Oct 4 '24 Improving Backstage performance (by up to 48x) # backstage # developerportal # platformengineering # performance 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 8 min read Data on Kubernetes: Part 8 - Exploring TiDB, a cloud-native database saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 30 '24 Data on Kubernetes: Part 8 - Exploring TiDB, a cloud-native database # eks # kubernetes # tidb # platformengineering 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Data on Kubernetes: Part 8 - Exploring TiDB, a cloud-native database saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 30 '24 Data on Kubernetes: Part 8 - Exploring TiDB, a cloud-native database # eks # kubernetes # tidb # platformengineering 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Data on Kubernetes: Part 7 - K8ssandra: Bring Apache Cassandra to AWS EKS saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 23 '24 Data on Kubernetes: Part 7 - K8ssandra: Bring Apache Cassandra to AWS EKS # apachecassandra # kubernetes # eks # platformengineering 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read How to Be an Effective Platform Engineering Team Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Sep 13 '24 How to Be an Effective Platform Engineering Team # platformengineering # devops # devex # microservices 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read How to Do DORA Metrics Right Signadot Signadot Signadot Follow Sep 6 '24 How to Do DORA Metrics Right # devops # platformengineering # agile # devex 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read What is Platform Decay And Why Should Platform Engineers Care? Daniel Bryant Daniel Bryant Daniel Bryant Follow Aug 1 '24 What is Platform Decay And Why Should Platform Engineers Care? # platformengineering # platformasaservice # platformasaproduct 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Implementing Self-Service Operations for Internal Developer Teams Gayatri Sachdeva Gayatri Sachdeva Gayatri Sachdeva Follow for DronaHQ Jul 30 '24 Implementing Self-Service Operations for Internal Developer Teams # webdev # platformengineering # lowcode # devops Comments Add Comment 7 min read Understanding the Platform Engineering Maturity Model: A Path to Optimized Operations Lark Mullins Lark Mullins Lark Mullins Follow for Craftwork Aug 21 '24 Understanding the Platform Engineering Maturity Model: A Path to Optimized Operations # platformengineering # devops # cloud # sre 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Platform engineering at KCD Munich Xavier Rakotomamonjy Xavier Rakotomamonjy Xavier Rakotomamonjy Follow Aug 9 '24 Platform engineering at KCD Munich # kubernetes # kcd # platformengineering # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read Leveraging Kubernetes to Build an Internal Developer Platform Lark Mullins Lark Mullins Lark Mullins Follow for Craftwork Aug 6 '24 Leveraging Kubernetes to Build an Internal Developer Platform # kubernetes # platformengineering # idp # devops Comments Add Comment 6 min read Platform Engineering: The Next Evolution of DevOps? Lark Mullins Lark Mullins Lark Mullins Follow for Craftwork Jul 30 '24 Platform Engineering: The Next Evolution of DevOps? # devops # sre # platformengineering # operations 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Data on Kubernetes: Part 4 - Argo Workflows: Simplify parallel jobs : Container-native workflow engine for Kubernetes 🔮 saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi Follow for AWS Community Builders Jul 29 '24 Data on Kubernetes: Part 4 - Argo Workflows: Simplify parallel jobs : Container-native workflow engine for Kubernetes 🔮 # argoworkflows # aws # kubernetes # platformengineering 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close CSS Follow Hide Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple language for adding style (e.g., fonts, colors, spacing) to HTML documents. It describes how HTML elements should be displayed. Create Post Older #css posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 75 … 801 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu New Free Tool: Favicon Generator & ICO Creator (All Sizes, SVG Support, 100% Browser-Based) Frontend tools Frontend tools Frontend tools Follow Jan 12 New Free Tool: Favicon Generator & ICO Creator (All Sizes, SVG Support, 100% Browser-Based) # webdev # frontend # css # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building Nature’s View — A Responsive Website Using HTML, CSS & JavaScript Hopewell Mahlombe Hopewell Mahlombe Hopewell Mahlombe Follow Jan 12 Building Nature’s View — A Responsive Website Using HTML, CSS & JavaScript # showdev # css # frontend # javascript 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read Building a Theme System with Next.js 15 and Tailwind CSS v4 (Without dark: Prefix) mukitaro mukitaro mukitaro Follow Jan 9 Building a Theme System with Next.js 15 and Tailwind CSS v4 (Without dark: Prefix) # nextjs # tailwindcss # css # webdev Comments Add Comment 5 min read Tailwind CSS Through the Lens of the Independent Variation Principle Yannick Loth Yannick Loth Yannick Loth Follow Jan 10 Tailwind CSS Through the Lens of the Independent Variation Principle # tailwindcss # independentvariation # css # architecture Comments Add Comment 9 min read I build a small website to challenge people's CSS skill! AnsonRE AnsonRE AnsonRE Follow Jan 9 I build a small website to challenge people's CSS skill! # challenge # beginners # css # showdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read # 🎨 Aprendiendo colores en CSS: buenas prácticas para proyectos reales Claudio Ortiz Claudio Ortiz Claudio Ortiz Follow Jan 9 # 🎨 Aprendiendo colores en CSS: buenas prácticas para proyectos reales # css # learning # spanish # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Fortnite Skins Database: The Tech Behind Skinzy.gg Gerald Pittman Gerald Pittman Gerald Pittman Follow Jan 6 Building a Fortnite Skins Database: The Tech Behind Skinzy.gg # webdev # html # css 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Top CSS Glassmorphism Examples to Explore Raj Aryan Raj Aryan Raj Aryan Follow Jan 6 Top CSS Glassmorphism Examples to Explore # webdev # programming # css # frontend Comments Add Comment 3 min read How the Electric Border Effect Actually Works Behnam Azimi Behnam Azimi Behnam Azimi Follow Jan 6 How the Electric Border Effect Actually Works # css # frontend # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Tailwind CSS Is Not Dying We’re Just Bad at Reading Headlines Alistair Rowan Whitcombe Alistair Rowan Whitcombe Alistair Rowan Whitcombe Follow Jan 11 Tailwind CSS Is Not Dying We’re Just Bad at Reading Headlines # tailwindcss # css # webdev # opensource Comments 1 comment 2 min read Building Circadian UI: time-aware theming for React + Next.js (Open Source) Zimtzimt Zimtzimt Zimtzimt Follow Jan 4 Building Circadian UI: time-aware theming for React + Next.js (Open Source) # webdev # css # react # design Comments Add Comment 2 min read Grid Align Explained: The Complete Guide to Perfect CSS Layouts (2026) Satyam Gupta Satyam Gupta Satyam Gupta Follow Jan 4 Grid Align Explained: The Complete Guide to Perfect CSS Layouts (2026) # css # webdev # programming # learning Comments Add Comment 6 min read I’m Yash: Let’s Build & Learn Together Yash Dev Yash Dev Yash Dev Follow Jan 4 I’m Yash: Let’s Build & Learn Together # webdev # css # learning # json Comments Add Comment 1 min read VyomaCSS v1.0.0 Is Officially Out 🚀 Prasoon Jadon Prasoon Jadon Prasoon Jadon Follow Jan 9 VyomaCSS v1.0.0 Is Officially Out 🚀 # discuss # webdev # programming # css 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Grid Gaps Explained: The Secret to Perfect Web Layouts Satyam Gupta Satyam Gupta Satyam Gupta Follow Jan 4 Grid Gaps Explained: The Secret to Perfect Web Layouts # css # webdev # programming # learning Comments Add Comment 5 min read : Grid Intro: Your Ultimate Guide to CSS Grid Layout in 2026 Satyam Gupta Satyam Gupta Satyam Gupta Follow Jan 3 : Grid Intro: Your Ultimate Guide to CSS Grid Layout in 2026 # css # webdev # programming # learning Comments Add Comment 6 min read Flex Items Explained: The Ultimate Guide to CSS Flexible Box Layout Satyam Gupta Satyam Gupta Satyam Gupta Follow Jan 3 Flex Items Explained: The Ultimate Guide to CSS Flexible Box Layout # css # webdev # programming # learning Comments Add Comment 6 min read StyleX + ESLint: When Best Practices Fight Each Other sal lancaster sal lancaster sal lancaster Follow Jan 1 StyleX + ESLint: When Best Practices Fight Each Other # stylex # css # react # javascript Comments Add Comment 3 min read Debugging StyleX + Vite: The Mystery of "Invalid Empty Selector" sal lancaster sal lancaster sal lancaster Follow Jan 1 Debugging StyleX + Vite: The Mystery of "Invalid Empty Selector" # css # javascript # vite # stylex Comments Add Comment 7 min read Building a Futuristic Links Dashboard with JavaScript (My Latest Project) Muhammad Yasir Muhammad Yasir Muhammad Yasir Follow Jan 7 Building a Futuristic Links Dashboard with JavaScript (My Latest Project) # showdev # css # frontend # javascript 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read CSS Basics - Inline, Internal, and External CSS Explained Kathirvel S Kathirvel S Kathirvel S Follow Jan 6 CSS Basics - Inline, Internal, and External CSS Explained # webdev # html # css 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Make Any CSS Element Resizable 🔧 (Without JavaScript): Walid Chahmi Walid Chahmi Walid Chahmi Follow Jan 1 How to Make Any CSS Element Resizable 🔧 (Without JavaScript): # css # tutorial # ui Comments Add Comment 1 min read React Flow: adding Controls to example hides nodes and edges Tim Coddington Tim Coddington Tim Coddington Follow Jan 1 React Flow: adding Controls to example hides nodes and edges # help # beginners # css # react Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Create a Gradient from Any Photo (Step-by-Step) Varun Krishnan Varun Krishnan Varun Krishnan Follow Dec 31 '25 How to Create a Gradient from Any Photo (Step-by-Step) # design # css # tutorial # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Container Queries: The CSS Feature That Changed Everything Mikul Gohil Mikul Gohil Mikul Gohil Follow Jan 1 Container Queries: The CSS Feature That Changed Everything # webdev # css # tailwindcss # frontend 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read loading... trending guides/resources The Rising Complexity of Modern CSS CSS Iceberg How to Create Never-Ending Fun (🎢RollerCoaster.js + React Three Fiber + AI) Tailwind CSS Won the War... 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close npm Follow Hide Node Package Manager Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Why Most Node.js APIs Fail Under Load (And How to Avoid It) Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Shamim Ali Follow Jan 11 Why Most Node.js APIs Fail Under Load (And How to Avoid It) # node # npm # backenddevelopment Comments Add Comment 1 min read Dependency Rollercoaster: Navigating the NPM Theme Park Manuj Sankrit Manuj Sankrit Manuj Sankrit Follow Jan 12 Dependency Rollercoaster: Navigating the NPM Theme Park # node # npm # webdev # fullstack Comments Add Comment 5 min read Choosing an i18n Strategy for Angular Admin/Dashboard Apps viacharles viacharles viacharles Follow Jan 10 Choosing an i18n Strategy for Angular Admin/Dashboard Apps # webdev # angular # i18n # npm Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Built an All-in-One Node.js Scraper (ESM + CJS) - @heavstaltech/api HEAVSTAL TECH™ HEAVSTAL TECH™ HEAVSTAL TECH™ Follow Jan 9 I Built an All-in-One Node.js Scraper (ESM + CJS) - @heavstaltech/api # api # npm # opensource # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read pnpm vs npm vs yarn vs Bun: The 2026 Package Manager Showdown HK Lee HK Lee HK Lee Follow Jan 9 pnpm vs npm vs yarn vs Bun: The 2026 Package Manager Showdown # pnpm # npm # yarn # bunjs Comments Add Comment 9 min read I built the most over-engineered utility library ever Follow Jan 7 I built the most over-engineered utility library ever # javascript # npm # satire # overengineering Comments Add Comment 1 min read A real-world story: Why we even need npm Karthik Korrayi Karthik Korrayi Karthik Korrayi Follow Jan 4 A real-world story: Why we even need npm # npm # webdev # programming # javascript Comments Add Comment 8 min read I built a pre-install security scanner because npm install scared me Domenic Wehkamp Domenic Wehkamp Domenic Wehkamp Follow Jan 10 I built a pre-install security scanner because npm install scared me # javascript # npm # security # opensource 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read I published my first npm package: `short-id-lite` 🎉 Bashar V I Bashar V I Bashar V I Follow Jan 1 I published my first npm package: `short-id-lite` 🎉 # webdev # programming # javascript # npm Comments Add Comment 2 min read Open source erp system Henry Henry Henry Follow Jan 2 Open source erp system # programming # typescript # node # npm Comments Add Comment 1 min read Dominando o package.json: Como preparar sua biblioteca para o ecossistema moderno Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Nathana Facion Follow Dec 30 '25 Dominando o package.json: Como preparar sua biblioteca para o ecossistema moderno # npm # tutorial # javascript # node Comments Add Comment 3 min read CoordConversions Demo Matthew Simpson Matthew Simpson Matthew Simpson Follow Jan 3 CoordConversions Demo # codepen # programming # webdev # npm 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read You don’t need to worry about global auth state anymore. Kenneth Nnabuife Kenneth Nnabuife Kenneth Nnabuife Follow Dec 30 '25 You don’t need to worry about global auth state anymore. # npm # authentication # opensource # react 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read NPM과 package.json 사용법 dss99911 dss99911 dss99911 Follow Dec 31 '25 NPM과 package.json 사용법 # frontend # node # npm # packagejson Comments Add Comment 1 min read Heavstal Auth — NextAuth Provider for Heavstal Tech HEAVSTAL TECH™ HEAVSTAL TECH™ HEAVSTAL TECH™ Follow Dec 29 '25 Heavstal Auth — NextAuth Provider for Heavstal Tech # nextjs # authentication # oauth # npm 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Starting my journey here Treebird Treebird Treebird Follow Dec 25 '25 Starting my journey here # ai # newbie # community # npm Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Where `npx` Exists & What You Can Change (Deep Practical Guide) lucky chauhan lucky chauhan lucky chauhan Follow Dec 26 '25 🚀 Where `npx` Exists & What You Can Change (Deep Practical Guide) # npx # node # javascript # npm 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Speedrun your AI coding workflow.⚡️ rx76d rx76d rx76d Follow Dec 23 '25 Speedrun your AI coding workflow.⚡️ # ai # productivity # opensource # npm Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Got Tired of Rebuilding Admin Dashboards, So I Made One Installable Norbert Madojemu Norbert Madojemu Norbert Madojemu Follow Dec 25 '25 I Got Tired of Rebuilding Admin Dashboards, So I Made One Installable # react # npm # architecture # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understanding npx How It Really Works lucky chauhan lucky chauhan lucky chauhan Follow Dec 24 '25 Understanding npx How It Really Works # npx # npm # javascript # programming 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Wolfy v0.1.1: A TypeScript Wrapper for the Wolfram Alpha API Daniel Madrid Daniel Madrid Daniel Madrid Follow Dec 19 '25 Wolfy v0.1.1: A TypeScript Wrapper for the Wolfram Alpha API # typescript # jsr # wolframalpha # npm Comments Add Comment 2 min read npm Security 2025: Why Provenance and Sigstore Change Everything DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 22 '25 npm Security 2025: Why Provenance and Sigstore Change Everything # news # npm # javascript # security Comments Add Comment 11 min read Node-gyp Errors? A Complete Guide to Fixing npm Install Failures Bhuvan Raj Bhuvan Raj Bhuvan Raj Follow Dec 17 '25 Node-gyp Errors? A Complete Guide to Fixing npm Install Failures # webdev # node # npm # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read 패키지 매니저 파묘🪦 Chan Chan Chan Follow Dec 13 '25 패키지 매니저 파묘🪦 # npm Comments Add Comment 1 min read Experimental Hono auth npm package zara qureshi zara qureshi zara qureshi Follow Dec 11 '25 Experimental Hono auth npm package # discuss # npm # architecture # security Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources Publishing Your First NPM Package: A Real-World Guide That Actually Helps Shai Hulud Scanner Security Alert: How to Check for the "Shai-Hulud" Compromise A small Script to Detect Sha1-Hulud 2.0 affected Packages in NPM Projects ❄️ frost-react: instant snowfall for React How to pin Node.js and PNPM versions in your project Building Node.js CLI Tool. Peer dependencies in (P)NPM Surviving pnpm + React Native: How I Finally Stopped Metro from Screaming About `@babel/runtime` I Got Tired of Rebuilding Admin Dashboards, So I Made One Installable pnpm vs npm vs yarn vs Bun: The 2026 Package Manager Showdown Sha1-Hulud Attack: What Happened & How to Clean Your GitHub Safely Understanding npm Package Versioning: A Guide to Major, Minor, and Patch Updates Easy Ledger CLI: a management tool for ledger-cli ledgers use nemo : Custom Directives Library Como Criar uma Biblioteca Angular e Publicar no NPM: Guia Completo Build quickly with npm create @mapbox/web-app Beyond Enums and Arrays: Why Bitwise Flags Are Your Next TypeScript Tool Embed HTML into Word Documents with docx.js the Easy Way Install Node.js on Windows via CLI (winget) 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Today I Learned 💡💡💡💡💡💡💡 Follow Hide Summarize a concept that is new to you. Create Post submission guidelines New to you today, help someone else out with a tidbit you learned. Not for questions, or straight tutorials. Older #todayilearned posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Day-18 Docker Network Drivers & The ADD vs COPY Trap Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Follow Dec 27 '25 Day-18 Docker Network Drivers & The ADD vs COPY Trap # todayilearned # docker # devops # learning Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day-17 Multi-Stage Dockerfiles are a Game Changer for Django 🐳 Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Follow Dec 26 '25 Day-17 Multi-Stage Dockerfiles are a Game Changer for Django 🐳 # todayilearned # docker # django # devops Comments Add Comment 1 min read POO? (Orientação a objetos) Natália Catunda Natália Catunda Natália Catunda Follow Dec 26 '25 POO? (Orientação a objetos) # todayilearned # programming # mobile # kotlin Comments Add Comment 1 min read Terraform: using Ephemeral Resources and Write-Only Attributes Arseny Zinchenko Arseny Zinchenko Arseny Zinchenko Follow Dec 28 '25 Terraform: using Ephemeral Resources and Write-Only Attributes # todayilearned # terraform # devops # tutorial Comments Add Comment 9 min read What I learned from my first week in Rust Jordan Barrett Jordan Barrett Jordan Barrett Follow Dec 6 '25 What I learned from my first week in Rust # todayilearned # rust # programming # systems 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 9 min read Databases & SQL Basics for Beginners: A Practical Introduction Jessica Aki Jessica Aki Jessica Aki Follow Jan 6 Databases & SQL Basics for Beginners: A Practical Introduction # todayilearned # database # sql # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read My Model Cheated: How Grad-CAM Exposed a 95% Accuracy Lie Adarsh Sriuma Adarsh Sriuma Adarsh Sriuma Follow Nov 30 '25 My Model Cheated: How Grad-CAM Exposed a 95% Accuracy Lie # todayilearned # deeplearning # pytorch # beginners Comments Add Comment 3 min read Real-Time ALB Log Analysis for Proactive Integration Recovery via Datadog Monitors, Workflows and AWS Lambda Marcos Henrique Marcos Henrique Marcos Henrique Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 8 '25 Real-Time ALB Log Analysis for Proactive Integration Recovery via Datadog Monitors, Workflows and AWS Lambda # todayilearned # aws # datadog 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read OpenSkills, adding Claude Skills and Superpowers for any agent or IDE Marcos Henrique Marcos Henrique Marcos Henrique Follow Dec 20 '25 OpenSkills, adding Claude Skills and Superpowers for any agent or IDE # todayilearned 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Just another November 11 rnd rnd rnd Follow Nov 12 '25 Just another November 11 # todayilearned # programming # php # laravel Comments Add Comment 1 min read TIL: Always Wrap Collections in API Responses Cesar Aguirre Cesar Aguirre Cesar Aguirre Follow Nov 12 '25 TIL: Always Wrap Collections in API Responses # todayilearned # restapi # beginners # aspdotnet 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read TIL in the Age of Generative AI: Writing with a Focus on Soft Skills sta sta sta Follow Nov 22 '25 TIL in the Age of Generative AI: Writing with a Focus on Soft Skills # todayilearned # ai # llm # softskills Comments Add Comment 4 min read Implementing a Secure Data Governance Architecture on AWS with S3, Glue, Athena, and Lake Formation David💻 David💻 David💻 Follow Oct 18 '25 Implementing a Secure Data Governance Architecture on AWS with S3, Glue, Athena, and Lake Formation # todayilearned # data # awsdatalake # aws 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read AMAZON WEB SERVICES Azaria Azaria Azaria Follow Nov 17 '25 AMAZON WEB SERVICES # todayilearned # programming # automation # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read My First Experience as a Speaker at AWS Community Day Daniel Pepuho Daniel Pepuho Daniel Pepuho Follow Nov 4 '25 My First Experience as a Speaker at AWS Community Day # todayilearned # aws # learning 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Concepts Of Cloud Computing Henry Idokoh Henry Idokoh Henry Idokoh Follow Oct 29 '25 Concepts Of Cloud Computing # todayilearned # cloud # devops # cloudcomputing 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🧠 System Design: Foundations, Scaling Strategies, and Resilience Patterns Matheus Gomes 👨💻 Matheus Gomes 👨💻 Matheus Gomes 👨💻 Follow Oct 20 '25 🧠 System Design: Foundations, Scaling Strategies, and Resilience Patterns # todayilearned # systemdesign # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read API Idempotency: Why Your System Needs It? Vishesh Vishesh Vishesh Follow Sep 19 '25 API Idempotency: Why Your System Needs It? # todayilearned # webdev # programming # api 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read MCP: The USB-C for AI Development (Why You Should Care) Orlando Ascanio | Gojer. Orlando Ascanio | Gojer. Orlando Ascanio | Gojer. Follow Sep 5 '25 MCP: The USB-C for AI Development (Why You Should Care) # todayilearned # mcp # ai # learning Comments Add Comment 3 min read Implementing OWIN Authentication and roles for AppService in ASP.NET Framework David💻 David💻 David💻 Follow Oct 5 '25 Implementing OWIN Authentication and roles for AppService in ASP.NET Framework # todayilearned # azure # programming # webdev 33 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read TIL: BEAM Dirty Work!! Renato Valim Renato Valim Renato Valim Follow Oct 1 '25 TIL: BEAM Dirty Work!! # todayilearned # elixir # erlang # computerscience 5 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Day 8 of 100. TANYA LYOP ACHAYI TANYA LYOP ACHAYI TANYA LYOP ACHAYI Follow Aug 29 '25 Day 8 of 100. # todayilearned # python # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Automating EBS Volume Upsizing on AWS David💻 David💻 David💻 Follow Sep 29 '25 Automating EBS Volume Upsizing on AWS # todayilearned # aws # programming # python 37 reactions Comments Add Comment 12 min read Day in paiyilgam (java) Hayes vincent Hayes vincent Hayes vincent Follow Aug 18 '25 Day in paiyilgam (java) # todayilearned # java # beginners # programming 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Terraform: AWS EKS Terraform module update from version 20.x to version 21.x Arseny Zinchenko Arseny Zinchenko Arseny Zinchenko Follow Sep 13 '25 Terraform: AWS EKS Terraform module update from version 20.x to version 21.x # todayilearned # terraform # kubernetes # devops Comments Add Comment 12 min read loading... trending guides/resources OpenSkills, adding Claude Skills and Superpowers for any agent or IDE Real-Time ALB Log Analysis for Proactive Integration Recovery via Datadog Monitors, Workflows and... My Model Cheated: How Grad-CAM Exposed a 95% Accuracy Lie My First Experience as a Speaker at AWS Community Day Just another November 11 Day-17 Multi-Stage Dockerfiles are a Game Changer for Django 🐳 What I learned from my first week in Rust AMAZON WEB SERVICES POO? (Orientação a objetos) Databases & SQL Basics for Beginners: A Practical Introduction Day-18 Docker Network Drivers & The ADD vs COPY Trap TIL in the Age of Generative AI: Writing with a Focus on Soft Skills Terraform: using Ephemeral Resources and Write-Only Attributes TIL: Always Wrap Collections in API Responses 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Python Follow Hide import antigravity Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the Python programming language. Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) about #python Python is an interpreted programming language that is considered "batteries-included". It was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991, and is popular for application and web development, as well as for scientific computing and data analysis. Python 3 is the current language version. Python 2 is set to be deprecated in 2020. Official Website Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 🌈 Looking for help if possible: I’m Stuck on My TrackMyHRT App (Medication + Symptom Tracker) codebunny20 codebunny20 codebunny20 Follow Jan 12 🌈 Looking for help if possible: I’m Stuck on My TrackMyHRT App (Medication + Symptom Tracker) # discuss # programming # python # opensource 14 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read Odoo Core and the Cost of Reinventing Everything Boga Boga Boga Follow Jan 12 Odoo Core and the Cost of Reinventing Everything # python # odoo # qweb # owl Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a "Remembering" AI Trading Agent with Python, LangGraph, and Obsidian Jaeil Woo Jaeil Woo Jaeil Woo Follow Jan 11 Building a "Remembering" AI Trading Agent with Python, LangGraph, and Obsidian # opensource # python # machinelearning # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 12 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # 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https://dev.to/colocodes/react-class-components-vs-function-components-23m6#pitfall | React: class components vs function components - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/agreement | Developer Agreement – X Developers | X Developer Platform <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-right="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 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Portal","path":"https://developer.twitter.com/en/portal/petition/essential/basic-info"}]" data-cta-enabled="true" data-profile-enabled="true" data-cta-link-new-tab="false" data-root-page-title="Developer Platform"> Developer terms Developer Agreement X Developer Agreement Last Updated: October 17, 2025 By clicking “Accept & Subscribe”, continuing to pay the recurring subscription fee for Paid Services, or by otherwise accessing or using any Licensed Material, you agree to the terms of our Agreement. Subscriptions auto-renew until canceled, as described below. A verified phone number is required to subscribe. If you've subscribed through another platform, manage your subscription through that platform. This X Developer Agreement (“ Agreement ”) is a binding legal agreement between you (referred to in this Agreement as “ you ”) and X and governs your access to and use of the Licensed Material (defined below), including any Paid Services (defined below). By accessing or using any Licensed Material (defined below), or clicking on a button to accept the terms of this Agreement or recurring subscription payment for Paid Services, you agree to be bound by the terms of this Agreement. If you do not understand the terms herein or do not accept any part of them, then you may not use or access any Licensed Material. You may not use the Licensed Material or accept this Agreement if you are not of legal age to form a binding contract with X or if you are barred from using or receiving the Licensed Material under applicable law. To purchase and use a Paid Service you must: (i) be at least 18 years old or the age of majority as determined by the laws of the jurisdiction in which you live or (ii) have the express consent of your parent or guardian to purchase and use that Paid Service. If you are a parent or legal guardian and you allow your child (or a child that you are a guardian of) to purchase or use a Paid Service, you agree that the terms of this Agreement apply to you, you will abide by this Agreement, and you are responsible for the child’s activity on the Paid Services and for ensuring that the child also abides by the terms of this Agreement. In any case, as stated in the Who May Use the Services section of the X Terms of Service , you must be at least 13 years old to use the "Services" as defined in the X Terms of Service. If you are accepting this Agreement or using the Licensed Material on behalf of a company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you have the authority to bind such company, organization, government, or other legal entity to this Agreement, in which case the words “you” and “your” as used in this Agreement shall refer to such entity. If you do not agree to the terms of this Agreement, you may not (and you may not allow any of your personnel to) access or use the Licensed Material. I. Definitions. In this Agreement, the following definitions apply: 1. “ Developer Site ” means X’s developer site located at https://developer.x.com 2. “ Direct Message ” means a private message that is sent on X Applications by one user to one or more other specific user(s) using X’s direct messaging function. 3. “ Intellectual Property Rights ” means all copyrights, moral rights, patent rights, trademarks, and any other intellectual property or similar rights (registered or unregistered) throughout the world. 4. “ Licensed Material ” means, individually or collectively, the X API and X Content. 5. " Paid Service(s) ” means features or functionality of the Licensed Material that you access in exchange for payment of a recurring fee, as applicable to the relevant features or functionality and this Agreement. Unless otherwise set forth in this Agreement, all references to “Licensed Material” are intended to include the Paid Service(s). 6. “ Payment Portal ” means the online portal made available to you to opt-in to your use of the Licensed Material, manage subscriptions for Paid Services, manage payment methods for Paid Services, and update account information. 7. “ Services ” means your services, websites, applications, and other offerings (including research) that display X Content or otherwise use the Licensed Material. 8. “ Post ” means a short-form text and multimedia-based message distributed via the X Applications. 9. “ X ” means (a) X Corp. (865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA) if your principal place of business is outside the European Union, EFTA States, and the United Kingdom; or (b) X Internet Unlimited Company (One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street, Dublin 2, D02 AX07, Ireland) if your principal place of business is in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom. 10. “ X API ” means X Application Programming Interfaces (each, an “API” ), Software Development Kits (each, an “SDK” ), and the related tools, documentation, data, technology, code, and other materials provided by X through the Developer Site. 11. “ X Applications ” means X’s real-time information service, commonly referred to as “X,” which includes those services currently provided by X at its websites and X-owned, operated, or controlled mobile applications, social plug-ins, and application programming interfaces. 12. “ X Content ” means Posts, the unique identification number generated for each Post, X end user profile information, and any other data and information made available to you through the X API or by any other means authorized by X, and any copies and derivative works thereof. 13. “X Marks ” means the X name, trademarks, and logos that X makes available to you, including via the Developer Site, solely for use in accordance with this Agreement. 14. “ Users ” means visitors, users, or customers of your Services. II. X API and X Content. A. License from X. Subject to your compliance with the terms of this Agreement and the applicable Incorporated Developer Terms (as defined below), X hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty free, non-transferable, non-sublicensable, and revocable license to solely: 1. Use the X API to integrate X Content into your Services or conduct analysis of the X Content, as explicitly approved by X; 2. Copy a reasonable amount of and display the X Content on and through your Services to Users, as permitted by this Agreement; 3 . Modify X Content only to format it for display on your Services; and 4. Use and display X Marks to attribute X Applications as the source of the X Content, as set forth in this Agreement. B. License to X. You hereby grant X a non-exclusive, royalty free, non-transferable, and non-sublicensable revocable license to access, index, and cache by any means, including web spiders and/or crawlers, any webpage or applications on which you display X Content using embedded Posts or embedded timelines . C. Incorporated Terms. Your access to and use of the Licensed Material is also subject to, and you shall comply with, the following additional terms and policies (collectively, “ Incorporated Developer Terms ”): 1. the X Developer Policy ; 2. the API Restricted Use Rules ; 3. the X Rules ; 4. as it relates to your display of any of the X Content, the Display Requirements ; 5. as it relates to your use and display of the X Marks, the X Brand Guidelines ; and 6. as it relates to taking automated actions on your account, the Automation Rules . III. Restrictions on Use. A. Reverse Engineering and other Restrictions. You shall not and you shall not attempt to (or allow others to): (a) reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, or translate the X API or otherwise attempt to derive source code, trade secrets, or know-how in or underlying any X API or any portion thereof; (b) interfere with, modify, disrupt, or disable features or functionality of the X API or monitoring mechanisms of the X API; (c) use or access the Licensed Material to create or attempt to create a substitute or similar service or product to the X Applications; (d) sell, rent, lease, sublicense, distribute, redistribute, syndicate, create derivative works of, assign, or otherwise transfer or provide access to, in whole or in part, the Licensed Material to any third party except as expressly permitted in this Agreement; (e) provide use of the X API on a service bureau, rental or managed services basis, or permit other individuals or entities to create links to the X API or "frame" or "mirror" the X API on any other server, or wireless or Internet-based device, or otherwise make available to a third party any token, key, password, or other login credentials to the X API; (f) use the Licensed Material for any illegal, unauthorized, or other improper purpose; (g) use the Licensed Material to derive or obtain non-public information of individual X users; (h) interfere with or disrupt the integrity or performance of the X Applications, X API, or X Content contained therein; (i) remove or alter any proprietary notices or marks on the X Content; (j) attempt to gain unauthorized access to the X Applications, X API, X Content, or related systems or networks; (k) use the X API or X Content to fine-tune or train a foundation or frontier model; or (l) use X Content, by itself or bundled with third party data, or derivative analysis therefrom, to target or serve users with advertising outside of the X Applications. B. Commercial Use Restrictions. If your Services are designated as ‘non-commercial,’ you shall not make Commercial Use (as defined below) of the Licensed Material. Commercial Use restrictions may not apply to officially registered non-profits or NGOs. “Commercial Use” means any use of the Licensed Material or access to the X API: (a) by or for a business (i.e. an entity whose primary purpose is to earn revenue through a product or service), or (b) as part of a product or service that is monetized (e.g., website advertising, licensing fees, in-app promotions, and sponsorships). C. No Monitoring or Measuring. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, you may use the following information only for non-commercial, internal purposes (e.g., to improve the functionality of the Services): (a) aggregate X Applications user metrics, such as number of active users or accounts on X Applications; (b) the responsiveness of X Applications; and (c) results, usage statistics, data, or other information (in the aggregate or otherwise) derived from analyzing, using, or regarding the performance of the X API. All such information is Confidential Information (as defined below). D. Rate Limits. You will not attempt to exceed or circumvent limitations on access, calls, and use of the X API (" Rate Limits ") or otherwise use the X API in a manner that exceeds reasonable request volume, constitutes excessive or abusive usage, or otherwise does not comply with this Agreement. If you exceed or X reasonably believes that you have attempted to circumvent Rate Limits, controls to limit use of the X APIs, or the terms of this Agreement, then your ability to use the Licensed Material may be temporarily suspended or permanently blocked. X may monitor your use of the X API to improve the Licensed Material and X Applications and to ensure your compliance with this Agreement and the Incorporated Developer Terms. E. Location Data. You shall not, and you shall not allow others to, aggregate, cache, or store location data and other geographic information contained in the X Content except in conjunction with the X Content to which it is attached. You may only use location data and geographic information to identify the location tagged by the X Content. F. Use of X Marks. You shall not include any of the X Marks in your registered corporate name(s), your logos, or your service or product names. You shall not create any derivative works of the X Marks or use the X Marks in a manner that creates or reasonably implies an endorsement, sponsorship, or association with X. All use of the X Marks and all goodwill arising out of the use will inure to X's benefit. You will not remove or alter any proprietary notices or X Marks on the Licensed Material. G. Security. You will maintain the security of the X API and will not make available to any third party any token, key, password, or other login credentials to the X API. You will use industry standard security measures to prevent unauthorized access or use of any of the features and functionality of the X API, including access by viruses, worms, or any other harmful code or material. You shall keep X Content confidential and secure from unauthorized access by using industry-standard organizational and technical safeguards for such data, and with no less care than you use in connection with securing similar data you store. You will immediately notify X, consult and cooperate with investigations, assist with any required notices, and provide any information reasonably requested by X if you know of or suspect any breach of security or potential vulnerability related to the Licensed Material. You will promptly remedy such breach or potential vulnerability resulting from your access to the Licensed Material. H. Digital Services Act . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, to the extent you are provided access to the Licensed Material pursuant to the procedures described in Article 40 of the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) (“DSA”), your access and use of the Licensed Material is limited solely to performing research that contributes to the detection, identification, and understanding of systemic risks in the European Union and only to the extent necessary for X to comply with its obligations under the DSA. Any such use of the Licensed Material is non-commercial as described in Section III(B) of this Agreement. You may not disclose, reproduce, license, or otherwise distribute the Licensed Material (including any derivatives thereof) that you retrieve through the X API to any person or entity outside the persons specified within your approved application unless (i) the information is disclosed to the Digital Services Coordinator or other party specifically permitted by the DSA pursuant to the “vetted researcher” status and procedures described in Article 40, or (ii) disclosure is required by law. I. Tokens. X may limit the number of tokens that it provides to you, including but not limited to tokens that enable access and use of functionality or features on X Applications. J. Access Tiers. X provides different tiers of access (as described at developer.x.com/en ) to the Licensed Material, and you shall subscribe to the tier that best fits your use case. X may, at any time, review your use of its Licensed Materials and require a change in the access tier to which you are subscribed, including but not limited to, application for Enterprise access (as described at developer.x.com/en ). K. Prohibition on I-Framing: You shall not, under any circumstances, embed, display, or otherwise incorporate any Licensed Material, X Content, X API, or elements of the X Applications within an iframe, inline frame, or any similar embedding mechanism on your Services or any other platform. This prohibition is absolute and includes, but is not limited to, attempts to frame X Content for display, integration, or redistribution purposes. Violation of this clause may result in immediate termination of your Developer Agreement and your access to the Licensed Material (e.g., X API, X Data License, Developer Portal) as outlined in Section VII.I. IV. Updates and Removals. A. Updates. X may update, modify or discontinue any features or function of the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, from time to time (in each instance, an “Update” ). You shall implement and use the most current version of the Licensed Material and make any changes to your Services that are required as a result of the Update, at your sole expense. Updates may adversely affect the way your Services access or communicate with the X API or display X Content. X will not be liable for damages of any sort that result from any Update. B. Removals. If X Content is deleted, gains protected status, or is otherwise suspended, withheld, modified, or removed from the X Applications (including removal of location information), you will make all reasonable efforts to delete or modify that X Content (as applicable) as soon as possible, and in any case within twenty four (24) hours after a written request to do so by X or by an X user with regard to its X Content unless prohibited by law or regulation and with the express written permission of X. V. Ownership, Betas, and Feedback. A. Ownership. Except to the extent expressly stated otherwise in this Agreement, neither party will acquire any right, title, or interest in any Intellectual Property Rights owned or licensed by the other party. The Licensed Material is licensed, not sold, and X (or its licensors or X Application users, as applicable) retains and reserves all rights, including all Intellectual Property Rights, not expressly granted in this Agreement. You shall not do anything inconsistent with X’s ownership, including without limitation, challenging X’s ownership of the X Marks, challenging the validity of the licenses granted in this Agreement, or otherwise copying or exploiting the X Marks except as specifically authorized in this Agreement. If you acquire any rights in the X Marks or any confusingly similar marks, by operation of law or otherwise, you will, at no expense to X, immediately assign those rights to X. B. Betas. X may provide you with early access to non-generally available alphas, betas, research studies, pilots, marketing services, or other programs from time to time (each, a “ Beta ”). Betas will be considered Confidential Information. Your participation in any Beta is at your own risk, may be subject to additional requirements, and may assist X in research, analyzing, and validating existing or prospective programs, products and/or tools. C. Feedback. X will be free to use any feedback, comments, or suggestions you provide X related to X, the Licensed Material, Betas, or any other of X’s products or services (“ Feedback ”) in any way without any compensation or obligation to you or any third party and Feedback will be deemed Confidential Information. You hereby irrevocably assign to X all right, title, and interest to Feedback. VI. Confidentiality. You may be given access to non-public information, software, and specifications relating to the Licensed Material (“ Confidential Information ”). You may use Confidential Information only as necessary in exercising your rights under this Agreement. You shall not disclose Confidential Information to any third party without X’s prior written consent. You shall protect Confidential Information from unauthorized use, access, or disclosure in the same manner that you would use to protect your own confidential information of a similar nature and in no event with less than a reasonable degree of care. VII. Term; Subscription Fees; Payment; Suspension, and Termination. A. Term. The term of this Agreement will start on the date (i) you accept the terms herein or (ii) start accessing or using any of the Licensed Material, whichever is earlier, and will continue until you stop accessing and using the Licensed Material unless terminated earlier as described below. B. Subscription Terms. Paid Services provided as part of the Licensed Material are made available as a recurring subscription service that provides access to certain features, benefits, or services, as described on the Developer Site and the Payment Portal. If you purchase a Paid Service, you do so by paying a subscription fee in advance on a monthly basis in accordance with the payment terms set forth below. When you subscribe to access the Paid Service(s) via the Payment Portal, you expressly agree that you are authorizing recurring payments and that payments will be made by the payment method you have selected until the applicable Paid Service is canceled by you or by X or this Agreement is otherwise terminated. Your subscription to the Paid Service will automatically renew monthly until canceled in accordance with this Agreement. Your payment information will be automatically processed by the Payment Processor (as defined below) at the start of each subscription period applicable to the Paid Service(s). If your payment information is declined, your subscription may be canceled until you provide new payment information for the applicable Paid Service(s). If you provide new payment information and your payment account is successfully charged, your new subscription period will be based on the original renewal date and not the date the successful charge took place. Prices for Paid Services are subject to change from time to time. X will provide reasonable advance notice of any material change to the price of Paid Services, which notice may be provided via the Developer Site. For subscription fees, price changes will take effect at the start of the next subscription period following the date of the price change. If you do not agree with a price change, you have the right to reject the change by canceling your subscription to the applicable Paid Service(s) prior to the price change going into effect. C. Payment Terms. X may offer payment options that vary by Paid Service, device, operating system, geographic location, or other factors, which may be updated from time to time. These payment options may include web payments using a third party payment processor (“ Payment Processor ”). When you access a Paid Service, you agree: (i) to pay the price listed for the Paid Service, along with any additional amounts relating to applicable taxes, surcharges, credit card fees, bank fees, foreign transaction fees, foreign exchange fees, and currency fluctuations, on a recurring basis during the applicable subscription period; and (ii) to abide by any applicable terms of service, privacy policies, or other legal agreements or restrictions (including additional age restrictions) imposed by the Payment Processor in connection with your use of a given payment method. The subscription fee will automatically be applied at the start of the renewal period for the applicable subscription period unless you cancel the Paid Service(s) on the Developer Site. It is your responsibility to make sure your banking, credit card, debit card, and/or other payment information is up to date, complete, and accurate at all times. If you make a payment for a Paid Service through a Payment Processor, X may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto- renew, what platform you made the purchase on, and other information. X will not be liable for any errors made or delays by the Payment Processor, your bank, your credit card company, or any payment network. All payments to X are non-refundable except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement or as required by law. D. Taxes and fees. All fees exclude any and all taxes and similar fees now in force, enacted, or imposed in the future on the transaction, delivery of the Licensed Material, or the delivery of the X Content including any sales, use or value added taxes, goods and services tax, consumption tax, customs duties, tariffs, or similar charges. These taxes may include but are not limited to, VAT, GST, sales tax, withholding tax, and any other applicable taxes but exclude taxes solely based on X’s net income. You are responsible for the payment of all such taxes, duties, and charges and any related penalties and interest arising from the payment of such amounts. In addition, a surcharge may be charged to recover costs associated with Digital Services Tax ("DST") or similar jurisdiction-specific taxes or regulatory fees incurred by X in certain jurisdictions. This surcharge will appear as a separate line item on your invoice, where applicable, and will be calculated as a percentage of applicable charges as determined by X in its sole discretion. X may adjust this surcharge at any time, without prior notice, in response to increased tax or fee rates or related administrative costs. Depending on your location, X may be responsible for collecting and reporting information related to transaction taxes arising from your purchase of Paid Services. You grant X permission to provide your account and personal information to relevant tax authorities to fulfill our tax collection and reporting obligations. E. Canceling Your Subscription for Paid Services. Your subscription for Paid Services will automatically renew monthly unless you cancel your subscription at least 24 hours before the end of your current subscription period. There are no refunds or credits for any partial subscription periods, including in a situation where certain features, benefits, and/or services are modified or discontinued. SUBSCRIPTION PLANS ARE PREPAID, NON-REFUNDABLE (UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW), AND AUTOMATICALLY RENEW AT THE END OF EACH SUBSCRIPTION PERIOD UNLESS THE SUBSCRIPTION IS CANCELED FOLLOWING THE CANCELLATION PROCEDURES HEREIN. You may cancel your subscription for Paid Services at any time via the Developer Site and you will no longer have access to the Paid Services (or any features or functionality thereof) at the end of your then-current subscription term. When you cancel the Paid Services, your subscription will remain active from the time you cancel until the end of your current subscription period. You will not receive a refund or credit for any remaining days in your current subscription period unless required by law. All payments for Paid Services are final and not refundable or exchangeable except as required by applicable law. X makes no guarantee as to the nature, quality, or value of a Paid Service or the availability or supply thereof. Refunds or credits are not provided for any unused or partially used Paid Service (for example, a partially used subscription period). All transactions are final unless you have a right to withdraw pursuant to law, such as provided below . 1. Withdrawal Right & Refunds for Users Living in EU or UK. When you purchase any Paid Services on subscription, you expressly agree to do so on a subscription basis and that the subscription will commence immediately on your date of purchase. If you are a consumer in an EU Member State or the UK, you agree you have fourteen (14) days after your purchase to withdraw from your contract for purchase for any reason. 2. No Withdrawal Right for Users Living in Taiwan. 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If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States using the Licensed Material in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction, or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, this Agreement and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). 2. YOU HAVE ONE YEAR TO BRING A CLAIM AGAINST X. You must bring any claim against X arising out of or related to this Agreement within one (1) year after the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to the dispute unless applicable law provides that the normal statute of limitations for that claim may not be shortened by agreement. If you do not bring a claim within this period, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently banned and X will have no liability with respect to such claim. 3. Class Action Waiver. To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action, or representative action proceeding. 4. Changes to this Section. This Dispute Resolution Section survives the end of the relationship between you and X, including cancellation of or unsubscribing from any services or communications provided by X. 5. Injunctive Relief. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Game Dev Follow Hide 👾 👾 👾 Create Post submission guidelines Write! Just keep it clean and civil! about #gamedev From GameMaker Studio to Unity, RPG Maker to 6502 assembly - this is your stop for all things related to game development! However, please make sure that your post is about DEVELOPING A GAME, or TOOLS THAT DEVELOPERS CAN USE, but please make sure they are tools MADE for developers, not just tools like twitter. That can go in topics like #socialmedia. Older #gamedev posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 8): Add Demon Images to Sprites Kajiru Kajiru Kajiru Follow Dec 24 '25 Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 8): Add Demon Images to Sprites # python # gamedev # tutorial # tkinter Comments Add Comment 4 min read Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 9): Display a Counter Kajiru Kajiru Kajiru Follow Dec 24 '25 Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 9): Display a Counter # python # gamedev # tutorial # tkinter Comments Add Comment 3 min read Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 6): Keeping Sprites Inside the Screen Kajiru Kajiru Kajiru Follow Dec 24 '25 Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 6): Keeping Sprites Inside the Screen # python # gamedev # tutorial # tkinter Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Future of GaaS: Big Opportunities, Rising Costs, and a Simpler Path Forward Alan Voren (PlayServ) Alan Voren (PlayServ) Alan Voren (PlayServ) Follow Dec 24 '25 The Future of GaaS: Big Opportunities, Rising Costs, and a Simpler Path Forward # showdev # computerscience # softwaredevelopment # gamedev 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 5): Moving Sprites Kajiru Kajiru Kajiru Follow Dec 24 '25 Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 5): Moving Sprites # python # gamedev # tutorial # tkinter Comments Add Comment 3 min read Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 3): Handling Mouse Events Kajiru Kajiru Kajiru Follow Dec 24 '25 Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 3): Handling Mouse Events # python # gamedev # tutorial # tkinter Comments Add Comment 3 min read Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 4): Creating Sprites Kajiru Kajiru Kajiru Follow Dec 24 '25 Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 4): Creating Sprites # python # gamedev # tutorial # tkinter Comments Add Comment 3 min read Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 2): Creating the Game Screen Kajiru Kajiru Kajiru Follow Dec 24 '25 Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 2): Creating the Game Screen # python # gamedev # tutorial # tkinter Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Story, Achievements, and Challenges of Unreal Engine Evgenii Park Evgenii Park Evgenii Park Follow Nov 20 '25 The Story, Achievements, and Challenges of Unreal Engine # gamedev # unreal Comments Add Comment 8 min read Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 1): What Are We Going to Build? Kajiru Kajiru Kajiru Follow Dec 24 '25 Getting Started with 2D Games Using Tkinter (Part 1): What Are We Going to Build? # python # gamedev # tutorial # tkinter 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Weekly Update #17 & 18 Aby Noctel Aby Noctel Aby Noctel Follow Nov 19 '25 Weekly Update #17 & 18 # gamedev # devlog # beginners Comments Add Comment 1 min read Saving Game Data in Unity — Part 4: SQLite Rahul Barate Rahul Barate Rahul Barate Follow Nov 20 '25 Saving Game Data in Unity — Part 4: SQLite # gamedev # unity3d # sql # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Python Game Development: Create a Basic 2D Game with Pygame Saint Saint Saint Follow Nov 19 '25 Python Game Development: Create a Basic 2D Game with Pygame # python # pygame # gamedev # 2d Comments Add Comment 6 min read Dev Log 38 - The Christmas Resurrection (Kind - Of ) John John John Follow Dec 22 '25 Dev Log 38 - The Christmas Resurrection (Kind - Of ) # gamedev # unity3d # beginners # devjournal 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Exploring MonoGame with F# Angel Daniel Munoz Gonzalez Angel Daniel Munoz Gonzalez Angel Daniel Munoz Gonzalez Follow Dec 16 '25 Exploring MonoGame with F# # fsharp # gamedev # monogame # fsadvent 30 reactions Comments 2 comments 17 min read Building a WoW Farming Bot with NitroGen Alex Kernel Alex Kernel Alex Kernel Follow Dec 21 '25 Building a WoW Farming Bot with NitroGen # ai # webdev # programming # gamedev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Ultimate Guide to Choosing a Game Engine in 2025 afonso faro afonso faro afonso faro Follow Nov 21 '25 The Ultimate Guide to Choosing a Game Engine in 2025 # gamedev # programming # unity3d # c Comments Add Comment 5 min read Death’s Job Game Vatsal Patel Vatsal Patel Vatsal Patel Follow Nov 16 '25 Death’s Job Game # gamedev # python # pygame # gemini Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🚇 I Built a Mini Metro–Style Multiplayer Game on Rune (And Learned a Lot About Real-Time Sync) varun chaaras varun chaaras varun chaaras Follow Nov 20 '25 🚇 I Built a Mini Metro–Style Multiplayer Game on Rune (And Learned a Lot About Real-Time Sync) # ai # gamedev # programming # javascript 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read 🧠 Ceptre — The Rule-Based Language for Modeling Systems, Stories, and Simulation Logic Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Follow Nov 29 '25 🧠 Ceptre — The Rule-Based Language for Modeling Systems, Stories, and Simulation Logic # gamedev # programming # ai # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🎮 AngelScript Variant — A Lightweight Scripting Language Inspired by C++ for Embedded Engines Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Pʀᴀɴᴀᴠ Follow Nov 29 '25 🎮 AngelScript Variant — A Lightweight Scripting Language Inspired by C++ for Embedded Engines # cpp # gamedev # programming Comments Add Comment 2 min read SE371 Project 3 Ayaan Ahmed Journal Ayaan Ahmed Ayaan Ahmed Ayaan Ahmed Follow Nov 18 '25 SE371 Project 3 Ayaan Ahmed Journal # devjournal # gamedev # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 2 min read Group Project 3 John Phan John Phan John Phan Follow Nov 16 '25 Group Project 3 # showdev # gamedev # java # design Comments Add Comment 1 min read Project 3 A A A Follow Nov 16 '25 Project 3 # gamedev # leadership # devjournal # learning Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Built a Hidden Shoot'em Up in My Portfolio - Can You Find It? innermost47 innermost47 innermost47 Follow Dec 19 '25 I Built a Hidden Shoot'em Up in My Portfolio - Can You Find It? # showdev # javascript # threejs # gamedev 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/grafikui/transactional-ai-v02-production-ready-with-full-observability-550h#comments | Transactional AI v0.2: Production-Ready with Full Observability - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Grafikui Posted on Jan 12 Transactional AI v0.2: Production-Ready with Full Observability # ai # typescript # saga # llm PostgreSQL storage, distributed locking, retry policies, event hooks, timeouts, and testing utilities for reliable AI workflows tags: ai, typescript, saga, llm, observability Transactional AI v0.2: Production-Ready with Full Observability Earlier this week, I launched Transactional AI v0.1 to solve a problem I kept hitting: AI agents that half-executed and left systems in broken states. The response was incredible. But users immediately asked for more: "How do I run this with multiple workers?" "Can I use Postgres instead of files?" "My OpenAI calls keep failing with 500 errors" "How do I monitor this in production?" "What if a step hangs for 5 minutes?" Today, v0.2 answers all these questions. The Problem (Quick Recap) You're building an AI agent that: Generates a report with OpenAI Charges the customer with Stripe Sends an email notification What happens when Step 2 fails? Without transactions: ❌ Report generated (wasted API credits) ❌ Customer NOT charged (lost revenue) ❌ System in inconsistent state With Transactional AI: ✅ Report deleted automatically ✅ Customer NOT charged ✅ Clean rollback, no manual cleanup What's New in v0.2 Core Features (v0.2.0) 1. Distributed Locking (Redis) The Problem: // Worker 1 and Worker 2 both receive the same transaction ID await tx . run (); // Both try to execute simultaneously! // Race condition: duplicate charges, data corruption Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Solution: import { Transaction , RedisStorage , RedisLock } from ' transactional-ai ' ; const connection = ' redis://localhost:6379 ' ; const storage = new RedisStorage ( connection ); const lock = new RedisLock ( connection ); // 🔒 Atomic locks const tx = new Transaction ( ' order-123 ' , storage , { lock : lock , lockTTL : 30000 // Auto-release after 30s if worker crashes }); // ✅ Safe across multiple servers/processes await tx . run (); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode How it works: Uses Redis SET NX PX for atomic lock acquisition Token-based release prevents accidental unlocks Auto-expiration prevents deadlocks on crashes Perfect for: Horizontal scaling, multi-worker deployments, Kubernetes pods 2. PostgreSQL Storage (ACID Compliance) The Problem: File-based storage works for local dev, but enterprises need: ACID guarantees Long-term auditability SQL query capabilities The Solution: import { Transaction , PostgresStorage } from ' transactional-ai ' ; const storage = new PostgresStorage ( ' postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb ' ); const tx = new Transaction ( ' compliance-audit-456 ' , storage ); await tx . run ( async ( t ) => { await t . step ( ' approve-loan ' , {...}); await t . step ( ' disburse-funds ' , {...}); await t . step ( ' send-confirmation ' , {...}); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Database Schema: CREATE TABLE transactions ( id VARCHAR ( 255 ) PRIMARY KEY , status VARCHAR ( 50 ) NOT NULL , step_stack JSONB NOT NULL , -- Full execution history created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW (), updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW () ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Query your transaction history: -- Find all failed transactions from last week SELECT id , step_stack FROM transactions WHERE status = 'failed' AND created_at > NOW () - INTERVAL '7 days' ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Perfect for: Financial services, healthcare, regulated industries 3. Retry Policies (Handle Flaky APIs) The Problem: await t . step ( ' call-openai ' , { do : async () => await openai . createCompletion ({...}), undo : async () => {} }); // ❌ OpenAI returns 500 → entire transaction rolls back // Even though retrying would have succeeded! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Solution: await t . step ( ' call-openai ' , { do : async () => await openai . createCompletion ({...}), undo : async () => {}, retry : { attempts : 3 , // Try up to 3 times backoffMs : 1000 // Wait 1s between attempts } }); // ✅ Transient failures handled automatically // ⚠️ Retry 1/3: Step 'call-openai' failed. Retrying in 1000ms... // ⚠️ Retry 2/3: Step 'call-openai' failed. Retrying in 1000ms... // ✅ Success on attempt 3! Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Perfect for: LLM APIs (OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini), payment gateways, external webhooks Observability & Reliability (v0.2.1) 4. Event Hooks for Monitoring The Problem: Your existing monitoring stack (Datadog, Winston, Prometheus) can't see inside transactions. The Solution: import { Transaction , TransactionEvents } from ' transactional-ai ' ; const events : TransactionEvents = { onStepComplete : ( stepName , result , durationMs ) => { logger . info ( `Step ${ stepName } completed in ${ durationMs } ms` ); metrics . recordStepDuration ( stepName , durationMs ); }, onStepFailed : ( stepName , error , attempt ) => { logger . error ( `Step ${ stepName } failed:` , error ); if ( attempt >= 3 ) { alerting . sendAlert ( `Step ${ stepName } exhausted all retries` ); } }, onStepTimeout : ( stepName , timeoutMs ) => { alerting . sendCriticalAlert ( `Step ${ stepName } timed out after ${ timeoutMs } ms` ); }, onTransactionComplete : ( transactionId , durationMs ) => { metrics . recordTransactionDuration ( transactionId , durationMs ); } }; const tx = new Transaction ( ' workflow-123 ' , storage , { events }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 12 Event Types: Transaction : onTransactionStart , onTransactionComplete , onTransactionFailed Step : onStepStart , onStepComplete , onStepFailed , onStepRetry , onStepSkipped , onStepTimeout Compensation : onCompensationStart , onCompensationComplete , onCompensationFailed Safe by Design: Event handler errors are caught and logged—they never break your transaction. Perfect for: Winston, Pino, Datadog, Prometheus, PagerDuty, Slack alerts 5. Step Timeouts The Problem: OpenAI sometimes hangs for 5+ minutes. No way to kill it. The Solution: await tx . run ( async ( t ) => { // Kill after 30 seconds await t . step ( ' generate-report ' , { do : async () => await openai . createCompletion ({...}), undo : async () => {}, timeout : 30000 // 30 seconds }); // Different timeout for payment await t . step ( ' charge-card ' , { do : async () => await stripe . charges . create ({...}), undo : async ( result ) => await stripe . refunds . create ({...}), timeout : 10000 // 10 seconds }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Works with Retries: await t . step ( ' flaky-api ' , { do : async () => await api . call (), undo : async () => {}, retry : { attempts : 3 , backoffMs : 1000 }, timeout : 5000 // 5s timeout PER ATTEMPT }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Perfect for: Preventing hung operations, cost control, SLA enforcement 6. Testing Utilities The Problem: Tests require Redis/Postgres running. Slow and brittle. The Solution: import { Transaction , MemoryStorage , MockLock , createEventSpy } from ' transactional-ai ' ; describe ( ' My Workflow ' , () => { test ( ' Should complete successfully ' , async () => { // ✅ No Redis/Postgres needed const storage = new MemoryStorage (); const lock = new MockLock (); const eventSpy = createEventSpy (); const tx = new Transaction ( ' test-123 ' , storage , { lock , events : eventSpy . events }); await tx . run ( async ( t ) => { await t . step ( ' step-1 ' , { do : async () => ' result ' , undo : async () => {} }); }); // Verify state const state = await storage . load ( ' test-123 ' ); expect ( state [ 0 ]. status ). toBe ( ' completed ' ); // Verify events expect ( eventSpy . wasCalled ( ' onStepComplete ' )). toBe ( true ); expect ( eventSpy . getCallCount ( ' onStepStart ' )). toBe ( 1 ); }); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Test Suite: 21 passing tests (up from 11 in v0.2.0) Perfect for: Fast unit tests, CI/CD pipelines, TDD workflows Real-World Example: Production-Ready AI Workflow Let's put it all together with full observability: import { Transaction , RedisStorage , RedisLock , TransactionEvents } from ' transactional-ai ' ; import OpenAI from ' openai ' ; import Stripe from ' stripe ' ; const openai = new OpenAI ({ apiKey : process . env . OPENAI_API_KEY }); const stripe = new Stripe ( process . env . STRIPE_SECRET_KEY ); async function generateAndChargeReport ( topic : string , customerId : string ) { const connection = ' redis://localhost:6379 ' ; const storage = new RedisStorage ( connection ); const lock = new RedisLock ( connection ); // Setup observability hooks const events : TransactionEvents = { onStepComplete : ( stepName , result , durationMs ) => { logger . info ( `✅ ${ stepName } completed` , { durationMs }); metrics . recordStepDuration ( stepName , durationMs ); }, onStepFailed : ( stepName , error , attempt ) => { logger . error ( `❌ ${ stepName } failed` , { error : error . message , attempt }); if ( attempt >= 3 ) { alerting . sendAlert ( `Step ${ stepName } exhausted retries` ); } }, onStepTimeout : ( stepName , timeoutMs ) => { alerting . sendCriticalAlert ( `⏱️ ${ stepName } timed out after ${ timeoutMs } ms` ); } }; const tx = new Transaction ( `report- ${ Date . now ()} ` , storage , { lock : lock , lockTTL : 60000 , events // 🎯 Full observability }); await tx . run ( async ( t ) => { // Step 1: Generate AI report with retry const report = await t . step ( ' generate-report ' , { do : async () => { const completion = await openai . chat . completions . create ({ model : ' gpt-4 ' , messages : [ { role : ' system ' , content : ' You are a professional report writer. ' }, { role : ' user ' , content : `Write a report about: ${ topic } ` } ], }); const content = completion . choices [ 0 ]. message . content ; const id = `report_ ${ Date . now ()} ` ; // Save to database await db . reports . create ({ id , content }); return { id , content , tokens : completion . usage ?. total_tokens }; }, undo : async ( result ) => { // Delete report on rollback await db . reports . delete ( result . id ); }, retry : { attempts : 3 , backoffMs : 2000 }, timeout : 30000 // 🔒 30 second timeout }); // Step 2: Charge customer with retry const payment = await t . step ( ' charge-customer ' , { do : async () => { const charge = await stripe . charges . create ({ amount : 999 , // $9.99 currency : ' usd ' , customer : customerId , description : `AI Report: ${ topic } ` , metadata : { report_id : report . id } }); return { chargeId : charge . id , amount : charge . amount }; }, undo : async ( result ) => { // Refund on rollback await stripe . refunds . create ({ charge : result . chargeId , reason : ' requested_by_customer ' }); }, retry : { attempts : 2 , backoffMs : 1000 }, timeout : 10000 // 🔒 10 second timeout }); // Step 3: Send notification await t . step ( ' send-notification ' , { do : async () => { await sendEmail ( ' user@example.com ' , ' Your Report is Ready ' , `Your report has been generated and your card has been charged $ ${ payment . amount / 100 } .` ); return { emailId : `email_ ${ Date . now ()} ` }; }, undo : async () => { // Send cancellation notice on rollback await sendEmail ( ' user@example.com ' , ' Order Cancelled ' , ' Your order has been cancelled and your payment has been refunded. ' ); } }); }); console . log ( ' ✅ Transaction completed! Report generated, payment processed, and notification sent. ' ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode What happens if anything fails? OpenAI 500 error → Automatic retry (up to 3 attempts) OpenAI hangs → Timeout after 30s, automatic rollback Stripe declines card → Report deleted, no charge, cancellation email sent Email service down → Payment refunded, report deleted What you get: ✅ Metrics in Datadog/Grafana (step durations, success rates) ✅ Structured logs in Winston/Pino (full lifecycle tracking) ✅ Alerts in PagerDuty/Slack (failures, timeouts, retries) All automatic. No manual cleanup. Full visibility. Migration from v0.1 Good news: No breaking changes! If you're on v0.1, just: npm install transactional-ai@latest Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Your existing code works unchanged. New features are opt-in: // v0.1 code (still works) const tx = new Transaction ( ' id ' , storage ); // v0.2 enhancements (optional) const tx = new Transaction ( ' id ' , storage , { lock : new RedisLock ( connection ), // Distributed locking events : myEventHandlers , // Observability hooks }); // Per-step enhancements (optional) await t . step ( ' my-step ' , { do : async () => {...}, undo : async () => {...}, retry : { attempts : 3 , backoffMs : 1000 }, // Retry policy timeout : 30000 // Timeout protection }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode What's Under the Hood Architecture Improvements v0.1: Single-process, file-based, basic saga pattern v0.2: Distributed, multi-storage, production-hardened with full observability Core Engine: 21 passing tests (up from 11) - Added event hooks and timeout tests TypeScript strict mode Dependency injection for testability Token-based lock safety Storage Adapters: FileStorage - Local dev (unchanged) RedisStorage - High-performance with TTL (enhanced) PostgresStorage - ACID compliance (NEW in v0.2.0) MemoryStorage - Fast in-memory for tests (NEW in v0.2.1) Lock Implementations: NoOpLock - Single process (default) RedisLock - Distributed (NEW in v0.2.0) MockLock - Testing utility (NEW in v0.2.1) Observability: 12 lifecycle event hooks (NEW in v0.2.1) Safe event emission (errors never break transactions) Integration-ready for Winston, Pino, Datadog, Prometheus Reliability: Per-step timeout enforcement (NEW in v0.2.1) Works with retry policies Automatic timeout event emission Performance & Scaling Benchmarks (tested with 10,000 concurrent transactions): Configuration Throughput Latency (p95) FileStorage + NoOpLock 500 tx/s 20ms RedisStorage + NoOpLock 2,500 tx/s 8ms RedisStorage + RedisLock 2,000 tx/s 12ms PostgresStorage + RedisLock 1,200 tx/s 18ms Recommendation: Dev/staging: FileStorage Production (single server): RedisStorage Production (distributed): RedisStorage + RedisLock Enterprise/compliance: PostgresStorage + RedisLock Developer Experience CLI Inspector Debug transactions without a GUI: npx tai-inspect workflow-id-123 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Output: 🔍 Inspecting: workflow-id-123 Source: RedisStorage STEP NAME | STATUS ------------------------------------ ├── generate-report | ✅ completed │ └-> Result: "report_abc123" ├── charge-customer | ✅ completed │ └-> Result: {"chargeId":"ch_xyz","amount":999} └── send-email | ✅ completed Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Example Scripts Run real-world demos: npm run example:openai # OpenAI + Stripe workflow npm run example:failure # Demonstrates rollback npm run example:resume # Crash recovery demo npm run example:observability # Event hooks, timeouts, retries (NEW) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Community Feedback Since launching v0.1, users have been building: AI customer support bots (rollback on failed ticket creation) Multi-API data pipelines (cleanup on extract/transform/load failures) Payment processing workflows (refund on failed fulfillment) Content generation systems (delete drafts on failed publication) What are you building? Share in the comments! Production Readiness Score Based on production deployment feedback: Version Score Status v0.1.0 6.5/10 "Good for side projects" v0.2.0 7.5/10 "Viable for internal tools" v0.2.1 8.0/10 "Ready for production" ✅ What's Next (v0.3.0 Ideas) Considering: Undo failure strategy - Retry compensations, DLQ, manual intervention hooks Structured logging - Replace console.log with Winston/Pino MongoDB adapter - NoSQL flexibility DynamoDB adapter - AWS-native serverless OpenTelemetry integration - Distributed tracing Dashboard UI (optional) - Visual transaction monitoring Parallel steps - Execute independent steps concurrently Vote: What would help your use case most? Join the discussion on GitHub! Try It Now npm install transactional-ai@latest Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Links: 📦 NPM Package ⭐ GitHub Repository 📖 Documentation 💬 Discussions Read the v0.1 announcement: Stop Building Flaky AI Agents Conclusion Transactional AI v0.2 is production-ready with full observability . Whether you're building AI agents, orchestrating microservices, or managing complex workflows, the Saga pattern provides reliability without the infrastructure overhead of Temporal or AWS Step Functions. Key takeaways: ✅ v0.2.0 : Distributed locking, PostgreSQL storage, retry policies ✅ v0.2.1 : Event hooks, step timeouts, testing utilities ✅ Full observability : Integrate with Winston, Pino, Datadog, Prometheus ✅ Timeout protection : Prevent hung operations (OpenAI, Stripe, etc.) ✅ Fast testing : 10x faster tests with MemoryStorage ✅ No breaking changes from v0.1 ✅ TypeScript-native with strict types ✅ 21 passing tests (95% coverage) Production-ready score: 8.0/10 ⭐ Questions? Feedback? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Grafikui Follow Joined May 31, 2025 More from Grafikui Stop Building Flaky AI Agents: Introducing Transactional AI # ai # opensource # javascript # architecture 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/colocodes/react-class-components-vs-function-components-23m6#Class-components | React: class components vs function components - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/agnamihira/http-402-explained-why-payment-driven-agent-authentication-is-the-next-leap-for-autonomous-2e5g#comments | HTTP 402 Explained: Why payment-driven agent authentication is the next leap for autonomous operations - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Report Abuse Alix Gallardo Posted on Dec 10, 2025 HTTP 402 Explained: Why payment-driven agent authentication is the next leap for autonomous operations # ai # blockchain # ux Intro The idea of HTTP 402 “Payment Required” has mostly been a footnote in web standards (Has been in the graveyard for decades), but in today’s world of autonomous agents, it’s suddenly relevant. What would it mean if payment became the gatekeeper for API access, letting agents act on our behalf while staying secure and accountable? And how does this connect to Invent’s approach to practical, real-world AI operations? What if payments became the main way agents proved who they are, what they can do, and how much they’re allowed to do? Here’s what I’m seeing. Making agents autonomous but accountable When we visualize the future of support and automation, I see agents that aren’t just bots running static scripts. They’re real actors reading context, making decisions, and triggering workflows across all sorts of services, from web portals to logistics APIs. If you look around, the current toolbox for authentication is getting messy: endless static API keys, privileged credentials leaking everywhere, and a nightmare to audit at scale, plus all the friction users face on multiple overwhelming UI's. This is where HTTP 402 starts to get interesting. Instead of handing out permanent keys (that might get abused or forgotten), agents just pay-to-play or "pay per request", one API call at a time. Each request proves intent: “I’m authorized to perform this action, here’s payment, let this call through.” Credentials aren’t something you stash and guard forever, they’re ephemeral, budgeted, and self-limiting. The Advantages: Granularity, Safety, and Auditability The real power here is control. Imagine: Setting monthly (or even per-action) spend limits for each agent. Allowing or blocking specific endpoints in real time. Making every agent action traceable, since every call costs money and leaves a trail. Spotting abuse or weird patterns by simply watching the transaction history if a bot suddenly spends $200 on refunds, it gets flagged instantly. This transactional approach is way more granular than any static permission system. If an agent starts misbehaving or circumstances change, you simply cut off the budget or revoke right to pay no credential revocation drama. The Challenges: Ecosystem, UX, and Trust There are some big and obvious challenges: Most APIs are not ready for pay-as-you-go authentication models. It’s a chicken-and-egg problem for service providers and consumers. Agent-side user experience has to be frictionless, it should feel like seamless access, not a checkout process at every step. Trust and regulatory issues are real. Payments can be spoofed, transactions can be laundered, and oppressive metering could restrict innovation if not handled transparently. Governance questions, who approves, oversees, and resets agent budgets, need real answers before anyone goes live with critical ops. Still, for high-value APIs and critical operations, introducing payment as a gatekeeper signals intent, enables fine-grained controls, and discourages abuse (abusers go broke fast). What 402 unlocks If 402 catches on, we’ll see new pricing models charging not just for service access, but for each “capability” an agent consumes (per refund, per shipment, per fraud check). Entire agent ecosystems could emerge , where small specialist bots “sell” their function to bigger assistants, and every operation is both permissioned and priced in real time. APIs would finally have a native way to monetize at a granular level, and automated agents could become real first-class citizens in our operational meshes if we get the governance and user experience right. How we’re approaching the future at Invent At Invent , our assistants’ capabilities are focused on moving beyond scripted responses toward assistants that act more independently and with real accountability. We think approaches like payment-based authentication could help set new safety standards, making it possible to scale autonomous support, unlock new business models for agencies and marketplaces, and ensure that both AI and humans stay in the loop where it matters most. It’s early days, but it’s the next logical step for anyone serious about trustworthy, real-world AI operations. If you want to learn more about HTTP 402 take a look to Coinbase Docs Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Sagrario Meneses Sagrario Meneses Sagrario Meneses Follow Mexican passionate about software development Location Mexico Education MX-IPN Pronouns She, Her Work Senior Software Artisan Joined Dec 26, 2021 • Dec 10 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Welcome to the DEV Community! and nice post. The shift from static credentials to ephemeral, budgeted access is a necessary next step to bring real-world governance to AI agents. Thank you so much for sharing how you and your team are approaching this and focusing on building accountable assistants. Excited to read more of your thoughts on this platform! Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Alix Gallardo Follow Co-founder @useinvent🪄 // Always DX // @zydeer Location US Joined Dec 10, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot I Built an AI-Powered Trend Analysis Tool Using the Virlo API (Here's How It Works) # python # ai # api # news Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # top7 # discuss I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
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Depending on the context, “you” might be an End Customer, End User, Representative, or Visitor: End Users. When you use an End User Service, such as saving a payment method with Link, for personal use we refer to you as an “End User.” End Customers. When you are not directly transacting with Stripe, but we receive your Personal Data to provide Services to a Business User, including when you make a purchase from a Business User on a Stripe Checkout page or receive payments from a Business User, we refer to you as an “End Customer.” Representatives. When you are acting on behalf of an existing or potential Business User—perhaps as a company founder, account administrator for a Business User, or a recipient of an employee credit card from a Business User via Stripe Issuing—we refer to you as a “Representative.” Visitors. When you interact with Stripe by visiting a Site without being logged into a Stripe account, or when your interaction with Stripe does not involve you being an End User, End Customer, or Representative, we refer to you as a “Visitor.” For example, you are a Visitor when you send a message to Stripe asking for more information about our Services. In this Policy, “Transaction Data” refers to data collected and used by Stripe to facilitate transactions you request. Some Transaction Data is Personal Data and may include: your name, email address, contact number, billing and shipping address, payment method information (like credit or debit card number, bank account details, or payment card image chosen by you), merchant and location details, amount and date of purchase, and in some instances, information about what was purchased. 1. Personal Data that we collect and how we use and share it 2. More ways we collect, use and share Personal Data 3. Legal bases for processing data 4. Your rights and choices 5. Security and retention 6. International data transfers 7. Updates and notifications 8. Jurisdiction-specific provisions 9. Contact us 10. US Consumer Privacy Notice 1. Personal Data we collect and how we use and share it Our collection and use of Personal Data differs based on whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, and the specific Service that you are using. For example, if you're a sole proprietor who wants to use our Business Services, we may collect your Personal Data to onboard your business; at the same time, you might also be an End Customer if you've bought goods from another Business User that is using our Services for payment processing. You could also be an End User if you used our End User Service, such as Link, for those transactions. 1.1 End Users We provide End User Services when we provide the Services directly to you for your personal use (e.g., Link). Additional details regarding our collection, usage, and sharing of End User Personal Data, including the legal bases we rely on for processing such data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about End Users Using Link or Connecting your bank account . Stripe offers a service called "Link," which allows you to create an account and store information for future interactions with Stripe’s Services and Business Users. You may save a number of different kinds of Personal Data using Link. For instance, you may save your name, payment method details, contact information, and address to conveniently use saved information to pay for transactions across our Business Users. When you choose to pay with Link, we will also collect Transaction Data associated with your transactions. Learn More . You can also share and save bank account details to your Link account using Stripe’s Financial Connections product. When you use Financial Connections, Stripe will periodically collect and process your account information (such as bank account owner information, account balances, account number and details, account transactions, and, in some cases, log-in credentials). You can ask us to cease the collection of such data at any time. Learn More . You can also use your Link account to access services provided by Stripe’s partner businesses, such as Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services or crypto wallet services. In these situations, we will collect and share additional Personal Data with partner businesses to facilitate your use of such services. You can save this information to your Link account to access similar services in the future. We may also receive certain information about you from partner businesses in connection with the services they provide. Learn More . Finally, you can use Link to store your identity documents (such as your driver’s license) so that you can share them in future interactions with Stripe or its Business Users. Paying Stripe . When you purchase goods or services directly from Stripe, we receive your Transaction Data. For instance, when you make a payment to Stripe Climate, we collect information about the transaction, as well as your contact and payment method details. Identity/Verification Services . We offer an identity verification service that automates the comparison of your identity document (such as a driver’s license) with your image (such as a selfie). You can separately consent to us using your biometric data to enhance our verification technology, with the option to revoke your consent at any time. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Users, including about your online activity and your engagement with our End User Services, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Users Services . We use and share your Personal Data to provide the End User Services to you, which includes support, personalization (such as language preferences and setting choices), and communication about our End User Services (such as communicating Policy updates and information about our Services). For example, Stripe may use cookies and similar technologies or the data you provide to our Business Users (such as when you input your email address on a Business User’s website) to recognize you and help you use Link when visiting our Business User’s website. Learn more about how we use cookies and similar technologies in Stripe’s Cookie Policy . Our Business Users. When you use Link to make payments with our Business Users, we share your Personal Data, including name, contact information, payment method details, and Transaction Data with those Business Users. Learn More . You can also direct Stripe to share your saved bank account information and identity documents with Business Users you do business with. Once we share your Personal Data with Business Users, we may process that Personal Data as a Data Processor for those Business Users, as detailed in Section 1.2 of this Policy. You should consult the privacy policies of the Business Users’ you do business with for information on how they use the information shared with them. Fraud Detection and Loss Prevention . We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect fraud and prevent financial losses for you, us, and our Business Users and Financial Partners, including detecting unauthorized purchases. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those that use our fraud prevention-related Business Services (such as Stripe Radar), with Personal Data about you (including your attempted transactions) so that they can assess the fraud or loss risk associated with the transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, we may use your Personal Data, including Transaction Data, to assess your eligibility for, and offer you, other End User Services or promote existing End User Services, including through co-marketing with partners such as Stripe Business Users. Learn more . Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we use and share End User Personal Data with third party partners to allow us to advertise our End User Services to you, including through interest-based advertising, and to track the efficacy of such ads. We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third-party partners, such as advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services to you. Learn more . More . For further information about ways we may use and share End Users' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.2 End Customers Stripe provides various Business Services to our Business Users, which include processing in-person or online payments or payouts for those Business Users. When acting as a service provider—also referred to as a Data Processor—for a Business User, we process End Customer Personal Data in accordance with our agreement with the Business User and the Business User's lawful instructions. This happens, for example, when we process a payment for a Business User because you purchased a product from them, or when the Business User asks us to send you funds. Business Users are responsible for ensuring that the privacy rights of their End Customers are respected, including obtaining appropriate consents and making disclosures about their own data collection and use associated with their products and services. If you're an End Customer, please refer to the privacy policy of the Business User you're doing business with for its privacy practices, choices, and controls. We provide more comprehensive information about our collection, use, and sharing of End Customer Personal Data in our Privacy Center , including the legal bases we rely on for processing your Personal Data. a. Personal Data we collect about End Customers Transaction Data . If you're an End Customer making payments to, receiving refunds or payments from, initiating a purchase or donation, or otherwise transacting with our Business User, whether in-person or online, we receive your Transaction Data. We may also receive your transaction history with the Business User. Learn More . Additionally, we may collect information entered into a checkout form even if you opt not to complete the form or transaction with the Business User. Learn More . A Business User who uses Stripe’s Terminal Service to provide its goods or services to End Customers may use the Terminal Service to collect End Customer Personal Data (like your name, email, phone number, address, signature, or age) in accordance with its own privacy policy. Identity/Verification Information . Stripe provides a verification and fraud prevention Service that our Business Users can use to verify Personal Data about you, such as your authorization to use a particular payment method. During the process, you’d be asked to share with us certain Personal Data (like your government ID and selfie for biometric verification, Personal Data you input, or Personal Data that is apparent from the physical payment method like a credit card image). To protect against fraud and determine if somebody is trying to impersonate you, we may cross-verify this data with information about you that we've collected from Business Users, Financial Partners, business affiliates, identity verification services, publicly available sources, and other third party service providers and sources. Learn More . More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about End Customers, including about your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of End Customers To provide our Business Services to our Business Users, we use and share End Customers' Personal Data with them. Where allowed, we also use End Customers' Personal Data for Stripe’s own purposes such as enhancing security, improving and offering our Business Services, and preventing fraud, loss, and other damages, as described further below. Payment processing and accounting . We use your Transaction Data to deliver Payment-related Business Services to Business Users — including online payment transactions processing, sales tax calculation, and invoice, bill, and dispute handling — and to help them determine their revenue, settle their bills, and execute accounting tasks. Learn More . We may also use your Personal Data to provide and improve our Business Services. During payment transactions, your Personal Data is shared with various entities in connection with your transaction. As a service provider or data processor, we share Personal Data to enable transactions as directed by Business Users. For instance, when you choose a payment method for your transaction, we may share your Transaction Data with your bank or other payment method provider, including as necessary to authenticate you, Learn More , process your transaction, prevent fraud, and handle disputes. The Business User you choose to do business with also receives Transaction Data and might share the data with others. Please review your merchant’s, bank’s, and payment method provider’s privacy policies for more information about how they use and share your Personal Data. Financial services . Certain Business Users leverage our Services to offer financial services to you via Stripe or our Financial Partners. For example, a Business User may issue a card product with which you can purchase goods and services. Such cards could carry the brand of Stripe, the bank partner, and/or the Business User. In addition to any Transaction Data we may generate or receive when these cards are used for purchases, we also collect and use your Personal Data to provide and manage these products, including assisting our Business Users in preventing misuse of the cards. Please review the privacy policies of the Business User and, if applicable, our bank partners associated with the financial service (the brands of which may be shown on the card) for more information. Identity/Verification services . We use Personal Data about your identity to perform verification services for Stripe or for the Business Users that you are transacting with, to prevent fraud, and to enhance security. For these purposes we may use Personal Data you provide directly or Personal Data we obtain from our service providers, including for phone verification. Learn More . If you provide a selfie along with an image of your identity document, we may employ biometric technology to compare and calculate whether they match and verify your identity. Learn More . Fraud detection and loss prevention. We use your Personal Data collected across our Services to detect and prevent losses for you, us, our Business Users, and Financial Partners. We may provide Business Users and Financial Partners, including those using our fraud prevention-related Business Services, with your Personal Data (including your attempted transactions) to help them assess the fraud or loss risk associated with a transaction. Learn more about how we may use technology to assess the fraud risk associated with an attempted transaction and what information we share with Business Users and Financial Partners here and here . Our Business Users (and their authorized third parties). We share End Customers' Personal Data with their respective Business Users and parties directly authorized by those Business Users to receive such data. Here are common examples of such sharing: When a Business User instructs Stripe to provide another Business User with access to its Stripe account, including data related to its End Customers, via Stripe Connect. Sharing information that you have provided to us with a Business User so that we can send payments to you on behalf of that Business User. Sharing information, documents, or images provided by an End Customer with a Business User when the latter uses Stripe Identity, our identity verification Service, to verify the identity of the End Customer. The Business Users you choose to do business with may further share your Personal Data with third parties (like additional third party service providers other than Stripe). Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information. Advertising by Business Users . If you initiate a purchasing process with a Business User, the Business User receives your Personal Data from us in connection with our provision of Services even if you don't finish your purchase. The Business User may use your Personal Data to market and advertise their products or services, subject to the terms of their privacy policy. Please review the Business User’s privacy policy for more information, including your rights to stop their use of your Personal Data for marketing purposes. More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share End Customers' Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.3 Representatives We collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives of Business Users (for example, business owners) to provide our Business Services. For more information about how we collect, use, and share Personal Data from Representatives, as well as the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, please visit our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Representatives Registration and contact information . When you register for a Stripe account for a Business User (including incorporation of a Business), we collect your name and login credentials. If you register for or attend an event organized by Stripe or sign up to receive Stripe communications, we collect your registration and profile data. As a Representative, we may collect your Personal Data from third parties, including data providers, to advertise, market, and communicate with you as detailed further in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. We may also link a location with you to tailor the Services or information effectively to your needs. Learn More . Identification Information . As a current or potential Business User, an owner of a Business User, or a shareholder, officer, or director of a Business User, we need your contact details, such as name, postal address, telephone number, and email address, to fulfill our Financial Partner and regulatory requirements, verify your identity, and prevent fraudulent activities and harm to the Stripe platform. We collect your Personal Data, such as ownership interest in the Business User, date of birth, government-issued identity documents, and associated identifiers, as well as any history of fraud or misuse, directly from you and/or from publicly available sources, third parties such as credit bureaus and via the Services we provide. Learn More . You may also choose to provide us with bank account information. More . For further information about other types of Personal Data that we may collect about Representatives, including your online activity, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Representatives We typically use the Personal Data of Representatives to provide the Business Services to the corresponding Business Users. The ways we use and share this data are further described below. Business Services . We use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with Business Users to provide the Services requested by you or the Business User you represent. In some instances, we may have to submit your Personal Data to a government entity to provide our Business Services, for purposes such as the incorporation of a business, or calculating and paying applicable sales tax. For our tax-related Business Services, we may use your Personal Data to prepare tax documents and file taxes on behalf of the Business User you represent. For our Atlas business incorporation Services, we may use your Personal Data to submit forms to the IRS on your behalf and file documents with other government authorities, such as articles of incorporation in your state of incorporation. We share Representatives’ Personal Data with parties authorized by the corresponding Business User, such as Financial Partners servicing a financial product, or third party apps or services the Business User chooses to use alongside our Business Services. Here are common examples of such sharing: Payment method providers, like Visa or WeChat Pay, require information about Business Users and their Representatives who accept their payment methods. This information is typically required during the onboarding process or for processing transactions and handling disputes for these Business Users. Learn More . A Business User may authorize Stripe to share your Personal Data with other Business Users to facilitate the provision of Services through Stripe Connect. The use of Personal Data by a third party authorized by a Business User is subject to the third party’s privacy policy. If you are a Business User who has chosen a name that includes Personal Data (for example, a sole proprietorship or family name in a company name), we will use and share such information for the provision of our Services in the same way we do with any company name. This may include, for example, displaying it on receipts and other transaction-identifying descriptions. Fraud detection and loss prevention . We use Representatives’ Personal Data to identify and manage risks that our Business Services might be used for fraudulent activities causing losses to Stripe, End Users, End Customers, Business Users, Financial Partners, and others. We also use information about you obtained from publicly available sources, third parties like credit bureaus and from our Services to address such risks, including to identify patterns of misuse and monitor for terms of service violations. Stripe may share Representatives' Personal Data with Business Users, our Financial Partners, and third party service providers, including phone verification providers, Learn More , to verify the information provided by you and identify risk indicators. Learn More . We also use and share Representatives' Personal Data to conduct due diligence, including conducting anti-money laundering and sanctions screening in accordance with applicable law. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Representatives’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment. However, we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . We may also use your Personal Data, including your Stripe account activity, to evaluate your eligibility for and offer you Business Services or promote existing Business Services. Learn more . More . For further information about additional ways by which we may use and share Representatives’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 1.4 Visitors We collect, use, and share the Personal Data of Visitors. More details about how we collect, use, and share Visitors’ Personal Data, along with the legal bases we rely on for processing such Personal Data, can be found in our Privacy Center . a. Personal Data we collect about Visitors When you browse our Sites, we receive your Personal Data, either provided directly by you or collected through our use of cookies and similar technologies. See our Cookie Policy for more information. If you opt to complete a form on the Site or third party websites where our advertisements are displayed (like LinkedIn or Facebook), we collect the information you included in the form. This may include your contact information and other information pertaining to your questions about our Services. We may also associate a location with your visit. Learn More . More . Further details about other types of Personal Data that we may collect from Visitors, including your online activity, can be found in the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. b. How we use and share Personal Data of Visitors Personalization . We use the data we collect about you using cookies and similar technologies to measure engagement with the content on the Sites, improve relevancy and navigation, customize your experience (such as language preference and region-specific content), and curate content about Stripe and our Services that's tailored to you. For instance, as not all of our Services are available globally, we may customize our responses based on your region. Advertising . Where permitted by applicable law, and where required with your consent, we use and share Visitors’ Personal Data with third parties, including Partners , so we can advertise and market our Services and Partner integrations. Subject to applicable law, including any consent requirements, we may advertise through interest-based advertising and track the efficacy of such ads. See our Cookie Policy . We do not transfer your Personal Data to third parties in exchange for payment, but we may provide your data to third party partners, like advertising partners, analytics providers, and social networks, who assist us in advertising our Services. Learn more . Engagement . As you interact with our Sites, we use the information we collect about and through your devices to provide opportunities for further interactions, such as discussions about Services or interactions with chatbots, to address your questions. More . For more information about additional ways we may use and share Visitors’ Personal Data, please see the More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data section below. 2. More ways we collect, use, and share Personal Data In addition to the ways described above, we also process your Personal Data as follows: a. Collection of Personal Data Online Activity . Depending on the Service used and how our Business Services are implemented by the Business Users, we may collect information related to: The devices and browsers you use across our Sites and third party websites, apps, and other online services (“Third Party Sites”). Usage data associated with those devices and browsers and your engagement with our Services, including data elements like IP address, plug-ins, language preference, time spent on Sites and Third Party Sites, pages visited, links clicked, payment methods used, and the pages that led you to our Sites and Third Party Sites. We also collect activity indicators, such as mouse activity indicators, to help us detect fraud. Learn More . See also our Cookie Policy . Communication and Engagement Information . We also collect information you choose to share with us through various channels, such as support tickets, emails, or social media. If you respond to emails or surveys from Stripe, we collect your email address, name, and any other data you opt to include in your email or responses. If you engage with us over the phone, we collect your phone number and any other information you might provide during the call. Calls with Stripe or Stripe representatives may be recorded. Learn More . Additionally, we collect your engagement data, like your registration for, attendance at, or viewing of Stripe events and any other interactions with Stripe personnel. Forums and Discussion Groups . If our Sites allow posting of content, we collect Personal Data that you provide in connection with the post. b. Use of Personal Data. Besides the use of Personal Data described above, we use Personal Data in the ways listed below: Analyzing, Improving, and Developing our Services . We collect and process Personal Data throughout our various Services, whether you are an End User, End Customer, Representative, or Visitor, to improve our Services, develop new Services, and support our efforts to make our Services more efficient, relevant, and useful to you. Learn More . We may use Personal Data to generate aggregate and statistical information to understand and explain how our Services are used. Examples of how we use Personal Data to analyze, improve, and develop our products and services include: Using analytics on our Sites, including as described in our Cookie Policy, to help us understand your use of our Sites and Services and diagnose technical issues. Training artificial intelligence models to power our Services and protect against fraud and other harm. Learn more . Analyzing and drawing inferences from Transaction Data to reduce costs, fraud, and disputes and increase authentication and authorization rates for Stripe and our Business Users. Communications . We use the contact information we have about you to deliver our Services, Learn More , which may involve sending codes via SMS for your authentication. Learn More . If you are an End User, Representative, or Visitor, we may communicate with you using the contact information we have about you to provide information about our Services and our affiliates’ services, invite you to participate in our events, surveys, or user research, or otherwise communicate with you for marketing purposes, in compliance with applicable law, including any consent or opt-out requirements. For example, when you provide your contact information to us or when we collect your business contact details through participation at trade shows or other events, we may use this data to follow up with you regarding an event, provide information requested about our Services, and include you in our marketing information campaigns. Where permitted under applicable law, we may record our calls with you to provide our Services, comply with our legal obligations, perform research and quality assurance, and for training purposes. Social Media and Promotions . If you opt to submit Personal Data to engage in an offer, program, or promotion, we use the Personal Data you provide to manage the offer, program, or promotion. We also use the Personal Data you provide, along with the Personal Data you make available on social media platforms, for marketing purposes, unless we are not permitted to do so. Fraud Prevention and Security . We collect and use Personal Data to help us identify and manage activities that could be fraudulent or harmful across our Services, enable our fraud detection Business Services, and secure our Services and transactions against unauthorized access, use, alteration or misappropriation of Personal Data, information, and funds. As part of the fraud prevention, detection, security monitoring, and compliance efforts for Stripe and its Business Users, we collect information from publicly available sources, third parties (such as credit bureaus), and via the Services we offer. In some instances, we may also collect information about you directly from you, or from our Business Users, Financial Partners, and other third parties for the same purposes. Furthermore, to protect our Services, we may receive details such as IP addresses and other identifying data about potential security threats from third parties. Learn More . Such information helps us verify identities, conduct credit checks where lawfully permitted, and prevent fraud. Additionally, we might use technology to evaluate the potential risk of fraud associated with individuals seeking to procure our Business Services or arising from attempted transactions by an End Customer or End User with our Business Users or Financial Partners. Compliance with Legal Obligations . We use Personal Data to meet our contractual and legal obligations related to anti-money laundering, Know-Your-Customer ("KYC") laws, anti-terrorism activities, safeguarding vulnerable customers, export control, and prohibition of doing business with restricted persons or in certain business fields, among other legal obligations. For example, we may monitor transaction patterns and other online signals and use those insights to identify fraud, money laundering, and other harmful activity that could affect Stripe, our Financial Partners, End Users, Business Users and others. Learn More . Safety, security, and compliance for our Services are key priorities for us, and collecting and using Personal Data is crucial to this effort. Minors . Our Services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and we request that they do not provide Personal Data to seek Services directly from Stripe. In certain jurisdictions, we may impose higher age limits as required by applicable law. c. Sharing of Personal Data. Besides the sharing of Personal Data described above, we share Personal Data in the ways listed below: Stripe Affiliates . We share Personal Data with other Stripe-affiliated entities for purposes identified in this Policy. Service Providers or Processors . In order to provide, communicate, market, analyze, and advertise our Services, we depend on service providers. These providers offer critical services such as providing cloud infrastructure, conducting analytics for the assessment of the speed, accuracy, and/or security of our Services, verifying identities, identifying potentially harmful activity, and providing customer service and audit functions. We authorize these service providers to use or disclose the Personal Data we make available to them to perform services on our behalf and to comply with relevant legal obligations. We require these service providers to contractually commit to security and confidentiality obligations for the Personal Data they process on our behalf. The majority of our service providers are based in the European Union, the United States of America, and India. Learn More . Financial Partners . We share Personal Data with certain Financial Partners to provide Services to Business Users and offer certain Services in conjunction with these Financial Partners. For instance, we may share certain Personal Data, such as payment processing volume, loan repayment data, and Representative contact information, with institutional investors and lenders who purchase loan receivables or provide financing related to Stripe Capital. Learn More . Others with Consent . In some situations, we may not offer a service, but instead refer you to others (like professional service firms that we partner with to deliver the Atlas Service). In these instances, we will disclose the identity of the third party and the information to be shared with them, and seek your consent to share the information. Corporate Transactions . If we enter or intend to enter a transaction that modifies the structure of our business, such as a reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer, change of control, or other disposition of all or part of our business, assets, or stock, we may share Personal Data with third parties in connection with such transaction. Any other entity that buys us or part of our business will have the right to continue to use your Personal Data, subject to the terms of this Policy. Compliance and Harm Prevention . We share Personal Data when we believe it is necessary to comply with applicable law; to abide by rules imposed by Financial Partners in connection with the use of their payment method; to enforce our contractual rights; to secure and protect the Services, rights, privacy, safety, and property of Stripe, you, and others, including against malicious or fraudulent activity; and to respond to valid legal requests from courts, law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies, and other public and government authorities, which may include authorities outside your country of residence. 3. Legal bases for processing Personal Data For purposes of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other applicable data protection laws, we rely on a number of legal bases to process your Personal Data. Learn More . For some jurisdictions, there may be additional legal bases, which are outlined in the Jurisdiction-Specific Provisions section below. a. Contractual and Pre-Contractual Business Relationships . We process Personal Data to enter into business relationships with prospective Business Users and End Users and fulfill our respective contractual obligations with them. These processing activities include: Creation and management of Stripe accounts and Stripe account credentials, including the assessment of applications to initiate or expand the use of our Services; Creation and management of Stripe Checkout accounts; Accounting, auditing, and billing activities; and Processing of payments and related activities, which include fraud detection, loss prevention, transaction optimization, communications about such payments, and related customer service activities. b. Legal Compliance . We process Personal Data to verify the identities of individuals and entities to comply with obligations related to fraud monitoring, prevention, and detection, laws associated with identifying and reporting illicit and illegal activities, such as those under the Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") and Know-Your-Customer (“KYC") regulations, and financial reporting obligations. For example, we may be required to record and verify a Business User’s identity to comply with regulations designed to prevent money laundering, fraud, and financial crimes. These legal obligations may require us to report our compliance to third parties and subject ourselves to third party verification audits. c. Legitimate Interests . Where permitted under applicable law, we rely on our legitimate business interests to process your Personal Data. The following list provides an example of the business purposes for which we have a legitimate interest in processing your data: Detection, monitoring, and prevention of fraud and unauthorized payment transactions; Mitigation of financial loss, claims, liabilities or other harm to End Customers, End Users, Business Users, Financial Partners, and Stripe; Determination of eligibility for and offering new Stripe Services ( Learn More ); Response to inquiries, delivery of Service notices, and provision of customer support; Promotion, analysis, modification, and improvement of our Services, systems, and tools, as well as the development of new products and services, including enhancing the reliability of the Services; Management, operation, and improvement of the performance of our Sites and Services, through understanding their effectiveness and optimizing our digital assets; Analysis and advertisement of our Services, and related improvements; Aggregate analysis and development of business intelligence that enable us to operate, protect, make informed decisions about, and report on the performance of our business; Sharing of Personal Data with third party service providers that offer services on our behalf and business partners that help us in operating and improving our business ( Learn More) ; Enabling network and information security throughout Stripe and our Services; and Sharing of Personal Data among our affiliates. d. Consent . We may rely on consent or explicit consent to collect and process Personal Data regarding our interactions with you and the provision of our Services such as Link, Financial Connections, Atlas, and Identity. When we process your Personal Data based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, and such a withdrawal will not impact the legality of processing performed based on the consent prior to its withdrawal. e. Substantial Public Interest . We may process special categories of Personal Data, as defined by the GDPR, when such processing is necessary for reasons of substantial public interest and consistent with applicable law, such as when we conduct politically-exposed person checks. We may also process Personal Data related to criminal convictions and offenses when such processing is authorized by applicable law, such as when we conduct sanctions screening to comply with AML and KYC obligations. f. Other valid legal bases . We may process Personal Data further to other valid legal bases as recognized under applicable law in specific jurisdictions. See the Jurisdiction-specific provisions section below for more information. 4. Your rights and choices Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have choices regarding our collection, use, and disclosure of your Personal Data: a. Opting out of receiving electronic communications from us If you wish to stop receiving marketing-related emails from us, you can opt-out by clicking the unsubscribe link included in such emails or as described here . We'll try to process your request(s) as quickly as reasonably practicable. However, it's important to note that even if you opt out of receiving marketing-related emails from us, we retain the right to communicate with you about the Services you receive (like support and important legal notices) and our Business Users might still send you messages or instruct us to send you messages on their behalf. b. Your data protection rights Depending on your location and subject to applicable law, you may have the following rights regarding the Personal Data we process about you as a data controller: The right to request confirmation of whether Stripe is processing Personal Data associated with you, the categories of personal data it has processed, and the third parties or categories of third parties with which your Personal Data is shared; The right to request access to the Personal Data Stripe processes about you ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe rectify or update your Personal Data if it's inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated; The right to request that Stripe erase your Personal Data in certain circumstances as provided by law ( Learn More ); The right to request that Stripe restrict the use of your Personal Data in certain circumstances, such as while Stripe is considering another request you've submitted (for instance, a request that Stripe update your Personal Data); The right to request that we export the Personal Data we hold about you to another company, provided it's technically feasible; The right to withdraw your consent if your Personal Data is being processed based on your previous consent; The right to object to the processing of your Personal Data if we are processing your data based on our legitimate interests; unless there are compelling legitimate grounds or the processing is necessary for legal reasons, we will cease processing your Personal Data upon receiving your objection ( Learn More ); The right not to be discriminated against for exercising these rights; and The right to appeal any decision by Stripe relating to your rights by contacting Stripe’s Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) at dpo@stripe.com , and/or relevant regulatory agencies. 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Right menu Why job boards are failing mobile app developers (and what works better today) Alizetihr – Tech Talent Scouting Alizetihr – Tech Talent Scouting Alizetihr – Tech Talent Scouting Follow Dec 22 '25 Why job boards are failing mobile app developers (and what works better today) # mobiledev # career # opensource # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read From Hours to Minutes: AI That Finds Tech Events for You Frank Boucher ☁ Frank Boucher ☁ Frank Boucher ☁ Follow Jan 6 From Hours to Minutes: AI That Finds Tech Events for You # ai # dotnet # webdev # github 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 39 of Documenting My Learning Journey James Kabuga James Kabuga James Kabuga Follow Dec 21 '25 Day 39 of Documenting My Learning Journey # python # programming # datascience # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read GitHub Actions & Codespaces: Why 2025's Updates Are a Must-Know for Devs DataFormatHub DataFormatHub DataFormatHub Follow Dec 20 '25 GitHub Actions & Codespaces: Why 2025's Updates Are a Must-Know for Devs # 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python # programming # datascience # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read GitHub Actions + AWS Role Chaining: A Security Upgrade Worth Making Ashutosh Singh Ashutosh Singh Ashutosh Singh Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 22 '25 GitHub Actions + AWS Role Chaining: A Security Upgrade Worth Making # aws # github # devops # security 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read 📌 DevOps GitHub PR Reviewer using n8n and OpenAI📌 Prashant Lakhera Prashant Lakhera Prashant Lakhera Follow Dec 19 '25 📌 DevOps GitHub PR Reviewer using n8n and OpenAI📌 # devops # github # n8nbrightdatachallenge # openai Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to add a live star history chart to your github readme 玄魂 玄魂 玄魂 Follow Dec 18 '25 How to add a live star history chart to your github readme # tutorial # tooling # opensource # github 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Jenkins in DevSecOps Periodic Table Jai Surya Jai Surya Jai Surya Follow Dec 18 '25 Jenkins in DevSecOps Periodic Table # aws # github # 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close # eks Follow Hide Create Post Older #eks posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Amazon EKS Series - Part 4: Deploying Applications on Amazon EKS Tandap Noel Bansikah Tandap Noel Bansikah Tandap Noel Bansikah Follow Dec 17 '25 Amazon EKS Series - Part 4: Deploying Applications on Amazon EKS # aws # kubernetes # eks # devops Comments Add Comment 10 min read EKS Networking Explained: Why am I running out of IPs? (Part 1) Habeeb Habeeb Habeeb Follow Nov 3 '25 EKS Networking Explained: Why am I running out of IPs? (Part 1) # eks # kubernetes # aws # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🚀 The Hidden DNS Misconfiguration That Was Killing Performance in Our EKS Cluster (and How We Fixed it) Ahmed Shendy Ahmed Shendy Ahmed Shendy Follow Dec 6 '25 🚀 The Hidden DNS Misconfiguration That Was Killing Performance in Our EKS Cluster (and How We Fixed it) # kubernetes # aws # eks # dns 13 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read END-TO-END Deployment Of Django App on AWS EKS Cluster On-cloud7 On-cloud7 On-cloud7 Follow Dec 6 '25 END-TO-END Deployment Of Django App on AWS EKS Cluster # eks # aws # containers # cloudcomputing 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Created S3 Buckets Using ArgoCD , ACK with EKS Capabilities—No Controllers Installed. Jatin Mehrotra Jatin Mehrotra Jatin Mehrotra Follow for AWS Community Builders Dec 1 '25 I Created S3 Buckets Using ArgoCD , ACK with EKS Capabilities—No Controllers Installed. # aws # kubernetes # eks # reinvent2025 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Navigating AWS EKS with Terraform: Configuring Karpenter for Just-in-Time Node Provisioning Oluwafemi Lawal Oluwafemi Lawal Oluwafemi Lawal Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 20 '25 Navigating AWS EKS with Terraform: Configuring Karpenter for Just-in-Time Node Provisioning # aws # kubernetes # terraform # eks 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 14 min read How to Create An Amazon EKS - Step by Step for Beginners On-cloud7 On-cloud7 On-cloud7 Follow Nov 30 '25 How to Create An Amazon EKS - Step by Step for Beginners # aws # eks # containers # cloud 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read A Simple, Popular Game "2048": Deployed on AWS EKS with Fargate Sindhur Teja Dasari Sindhur Teja Dasari Sindhur Teja Dasari Follow Nov 29 '25 A Simple, Popular Game "2048": Deployed on AWS EKS with Fargate # aws # serverless # eks # kubernetes Comments Add Comment 9 min read Event-Driven Batch Processing on AWS: From Scheduled Tasks to Auto-Scaling Workloads JM Rifkhan JM Rifkhan JM Rifkhan Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 8 '25 Event-Driven Batch Processing on AWS: From Scheduled Tasks to Auto-Scaling Workloads # aws # ecs # eks # batchprocessing 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 25 min read Centralized EKS monitoring across multiple AWS accounts Kirill Kirill Kirill Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 20 '25 Centralized EKS monitoring across multiple AWS accounts # aws # eks # kubernetes # observability Comments Add Comment 17 min read Inside Amazon EKS: Understanding Its Core Architecture On-cloud7 On-cloud7 On-cloud7 Follow Nov 18 '25 Inside Amazon EKS: Understanding Its Core Architecture # aws # eks # cloudcomputing # docker 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read HOW TO: Run Spark on Kubernetes with AWS EMR on EKS (2025) Pramit Marattha Pramit Marattha Pramit Marattha Follow for Chaos Genius Nov 15 '25 HOW TO: Run Spark on Kubernetes with AWS EMR on EKS (2025) # apachespark # kubernetes # aws # eks 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read มาลองสร้างระบบ Failover แบบ Multi-Region กับ Amazon EKS (แบบ Step-by-step) Mongkol Thongkraikaew Mongkol Thongkraikaew Mongkol Thongkraikaew Follow Nov 5 '25 มาลองสร้างระบบ Failover แบบ Multi-Region กับ Amazon EKS (แบบ Step-by-step) # eks # aws # failover # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 8 min read Deploy FluxCD on Amazon EKS with IRSA for ECR Authentication (Full Terraform Example) Santanu Das Santanu Das Santanu Das Follow Oct 28 '25 Deploy FluxCD on Amazon EKS with IRSA for ECR Authentication (Full Terraform Example) # terraform # aws # fluxcd # eks Comments Add Comment 5 min read Understanding Amazon EKS: How Kubernetes Runs on AWS On-cloud7 On-cloud7 On-cloud7 Follow Nov 7 '25 Understanding Amazon EKS: How Kubernetes Runs on AWS # aws # eks # cloud # container 6 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read Which scaling tool should be used for Kubernetes clusters on AWS? Raj Murugan Raj Murugan Raj Murugan Follow Sep 30 '25 Which scaling tool should be used for Kubernetes clusters on AWS? # eks # karpenter # aws # kubernetes Comments Add Comment 4 min read EFS Data Across Multiple EKS Applications Using Terraform Santanu Das Santanu Das Santanu Das Follow Oct 24 '25 EFS Data Across Multiple EKS Applications Using Terraform # eks # terraform # aws # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read Integrating Amazon EFS with EKS Cluster Using Terraform Santanu Das Santanu Das Santanu Das Follow Oct 22 '25 Integrating Amazon EFS with EKS Cluster Using Terraform # eks # terraform # efs # aws Comments Add Comment 11 min read Configuring EKS Managed Node Groups to Use a Proxy with Terraform Paweł Swiridow Paweł Swiridow Paweł Swiridow Follow for u11d Sep 18 '25 Configuring EKS Managed Node Groups to Use a Proxy with Terraform # eks # terraform # devops Comments Add Comment 6 min read Security Considerations for Multi-Cluster Cloud Architecture (HA EKS with Databases) Nowsath Nowsath Nowsath Follow for AWS Community Builders Oct 26 '25 Security Considerations for Multi-Cluster Cloud Architecture (HA EKS with Databases) # security # eks # rds # aws 2 reactions Comments 1 comment 7 min read Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 5: Choosing the Right Storage for EKS: EBS vs. EFS vs. S3 Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 11 '25 Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 5: Choosing the Right Storage for EKS: EBS vs. EFS vs. S3 # kubernetes # aws # eks # storage Comments Add Comment 3 min read Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 1: Storage on an Amazon EKS Cluster Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Chinmay Tonape Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 8 '25 Kubernetes Storage Playlist - Part 1: Storage on an Amazon EKS Cluster # kubernetes # eks # aws # terraform 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Migrating from ECS to EKS - Key Considerations Nowsath Nowsath Nowsath Follow for AWS Community Builders Oct 6 '25 Migrating from ECS to EKS - Key Considerations # ecs # eks # migration # aws 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Introducing the AWS EKS best practices Mindmap saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi saifeddine Rajhi Follow for AWS Community Builders Oct 5 '25 Introducing the AWS EKS best practices Mindmap # devops # aws # eks # kubernetes 12 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read Solving EKS Cluster Games Kirill Kirill Kirill Follow for AWS Community Builders Sep 30 '25 Solving EKS Cluster Games # aws # ctf # kubernetes # eks 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 12 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close GitHub Follow Hide "Where the world builds software" Create Post Older #github posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Git for Beginners: Basics and Essential Commands Umar Hayat Umar Hayat Umar Hayat Follow Jan 5 Git for Beginners: Basics and Essential Commands # git # github # githubactions # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read How to sign your git commits with SSH when doing remote development Juan Luis Cano Rodríguez Juan Luis Cano Rodríguez Juan Luis Cano Rodríguez Follow Dec 3 '25 How to sign your git commits with SSH when doing remote development # git # github # ssh 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read GitHub Isn’t Just for Code Anymore: It’s the Backbone of AI Workflows Jaideep Parashar Jaideep Parashar Jaideep Parashar Follow Dec 26 '25 GitHub Isn’t Just for Code Anymore: It’s the Backbone of AI Workflows # ai # github # devops # webdev 16 reactions Comments 5 comments 3 min read Git - Github Quick Revision Mehfila A Parkkulthil Mehfila A Parkkulthil Mehfila A Parkkulthil Follow Dec 2 '25 Git - Github Quick Revision # github # git # webdev # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read There is a Better Way to Discover Trending GitHub Repos 🚀 Behnam Azimi Behnam Azimi Behnam Azimi Follow Dec 6 '25 There is a Better Way to Discover Trending GitHub Repos 🚀 # news # github # opensource # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Built a Tool to Stop Wasting Time on Toxic Open Source Projects ElshadHu ElshadHu ElshadHu Follow Dec 29 '25 I Built a Tool to Stop Wasting Time on Toxic Open Source Projects # showdev # webdev # github # opensource 45 reactions Comments 20 comments 13 min read Git Alias: Rescue Commits from the Wrong Branch X X X Follow Dec 3 '25 Git Alias: Rescue Commits from the Wrong Branch # git # github # productivity # devops 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read MCP servers I use in my daily life Siarhei Siarhei Siarhei Follow Dec 1 '25 MCP servers I use in my daily life # ai # mcp # github # i18 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Set-and-Forget Git Privacy in 5 Minutes: Auto-Switch No-Reply Emails for GitHub/GitLab Anydigital Anydigital Anydigital Follow Dec 3 '25 Set-and-Forget Git Privacy in 5 Minutes: Auto-Switch No-Reply Emails for GitHub/GitLab # git # github # gitlab # privacy Comments Add Comment 2 min read Automatic staging environments for your GitHub PRs Mike Solomon Mike Solomon Mike Solomon Follow Dec 23 '25 Automatic staging environments for your GitHub PRs # showdev # github # devops # tooling Comments Add Comment 3 min read 💡 Two Lesser-Known Laravel Tricks: numerify & invisible Mahmoud Ramadan Mahmoud Ramadan Mahmoud Ramadan Follow Dec 11 '25 💡 Two Lesser-Known Laravel Tricks: numerify & invisible # php # laravel # opensource # github Comments 6 comments 1 min read I Built a Tool to Track My Open Source Contributions MABD MABD MABD Follow Dec 22 '25 I Built a Tool to Track My Open Source Contributions # opensource # github # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read Mastering the Modern CI/CD Pipeline: A Guide to Faster, Safer Software Delivery Tech Croc Tech Croc Tech Croc Follow Dec 22 '25 Mastering the Modern CI/CD Pipeline: A Guide to Faster, Safer Software Delivery # cicd # gitlab # githubactions # github 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Open wide: Inspecting LLVM 21 with static analysis Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Anna Voronina Follow Nov 28 '25 Open wide: Inspecting LLVM 21 with static analysis # cpp # programming # github # c Comments Add Comment 25 min read Meet candy-logger — a simple, friendly logger for Node.js / React.js - TS / JS projects Muhammad Sheharyar Butt Muhammad Sheharyar Butt Muhammad Sheharyar Butt Follow Nov 28 '25 Meet candy-logger — a simple, friendly logger for Node.js / React.js - TS / JS projects # npm # react # github # logging Comments Add Comment 1 min read How I Built an MCP App to Roast My GitHub Year in Review Rizèl Scarlett Rizèl Scarlett Rizèl Scarlett Follow Dec 20 '25 How I Built an MCP App to Roast My GitHub Year in Review # mcp # ai # github # agents 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Computer Blue Dan Dan Dan Follow Nov 29 '25 Computer Blue # codepen # ai # css # github 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Create a GitHub App for Atlantis John Ajera John Ajera John Ajera Follow Jan 1 How to Create a GitHub App for Atlantis # github # apps # atlantis # terraform 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 9 min read Explore My GitHub Projects — Building, Learning & Shipping Muhammad Huzaifa Muhammad Huzaifa Muhammad Huzaifa Follow Nov 29 '25 Explore My GitHub Projects — Building, Learning & Shipping # git # github # publicinbox # githunt 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read GitHub Store reaches 1.9k in one month rainxchzed rainxchzed rainxchzed Follow Dec 31 '25 GitHub Store reaches 1.9k in one month # showdev # github # opensource # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🚜 Farmore — Mirror Every GitHub Repo You Own in One Command Digital Alchemyst Digital Alchemyst Digital Alchemyst Follow Nov 27 '25 🚜 Farmore — Mirror Every GitHub Repo You Own in One Command # github # git # clone # backup Comments Add Comment 2 min read 2025: I Shipped 3 OSS Projects — “This Was Actually Fine” nyaomaru nyaomaru nyaomaru Follow Dec 31 '25 2025: I Shipped 3 OSS Projects — “This Was Actually Fine” # opensource # typescript # github # programming 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Version Control With Commands (Complete Git Guide for Beginners & Developers) Jay Sarvaiya Jay Sarvaiya Jay Sarvaiya Follow Dec 10 '25 Version Control With Commands (Complete Git Guide for Beginners & Developers) # github # webdev # programming # javascript 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Creating Your Own Dev Container Feature for VS Code John Ajera John Ajera John Ajera Follow Dec 31 '25 Creating Your Own Dev Container Feature for VS Code # devcontainer # vscode # github # features 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Building Datalaria: Technologies and Tools Daniel Daniel Daniel Follow for Datalaria Dec 30 '25 Building Datalaria: Technologies and Tools # showdev # github # tooling # webdev Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://forem.com/srikarsunchu#main-content | Srikar Sunchu - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Srikar Sunchu Design engineer at Elide, where we're making Kotlin run like Python. I write about dev tools, terminal UIs, and why your build is too slow. Location San Francisco Joined Joined on Jan 12, 2026 Personal website https://srikarsunchu.com github website twitter website Work Design Engineer @ Elide More info about @srikarsunchu Post 1 post published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed I got tired of waiting for Gradle, so I built a runtime that runs Kotlin like Python. Srikar Sunchu Srikar Sunchu Srikar Sunchu Follow Jan 13 I got tired of waiting for Gradle, so I built a runtime that runs Kotlin like Python. # kotlin # performance # productivity # tooling 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Want to connect with Srikar Sunchu? Create an account to connect with Srikar Sunchu. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/t/ui/page/3 | Ui Page 3 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # ui Follow Hide Tag dedicated to posts about user interface. Tips, tricks, techniques, approaches, etc. Create Post submission guidelines Just be respectful and make sure that your post actually talks about UI, rather than just mention it in passing. Older #ui posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Drupal Canvas, introducción oskar calvo oskar calvo oskar calvo Follow Dec 24 '25 Drupal Canvas, introducción # drupal # uidesign # ui # contentwriting Comments Add Comment 1 min read Scroll Is Not Just Position: Introducing scroll_velocity_notifier cyberail cyberail cyberail Follow Dec 23 '25 Scroll Is Not Just Position: Introducing scroll_velocity_notifier # ux # flutter # mobile # ui 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Is a Modal in Web Design? UX Rules, Examples & When Not to Use prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 23 '25 What Is a Modal in Web Design? UX Rules, Examples & When Not to Use # ux # ui # design # a11y Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Your UI Looks “Off” -- Part 2 Shashwat Pritish Shashwat Pritish Shashwat Pritish Follow Dec 23 '25 Why Your UI Looks “Off” -- Part 2 # webdev # ui # uidesign # frontend Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Design a Web App: UX Flows, States, Empty Screens & Dashboards prateekshaweb prateekshaweb prateekshaweb Follow Dec 23 '25 How to Design a Web App: UX Flows, States, Empty Screens & Dashboards # ux # ui # design # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read Kali Linux XFCE Panel Missing in VirtualBox — Complete Fix (2025) Aman Kumar Happy Aman Kumar Happy Aman Kumar Happy Follow Dec 22 '25 Kali Linux XFCE Panel Missing in VirtualBox — Complete Fix (2025) # linux # tutorial # ui Comments Add Comment 1 min read [FREE TOOL] 🐻 Digibear Icons — a manifest-based, cross-platform icon system Téodor Téodor Téodor Follow Dec 26 '25 [FREE TOOL] 🐻 Digibear Icons — a manifest-based, cross-platform icon system # webdev # icon # ui # tooling Comments Add Comment 4 min read Stop Generating "AI Slop": The Developer's Guide to Google Stitch Seif Almotaz Bellah Seif Almotaz Bellah Seif Almotaz Bellah Follow Dec 22 '25 Stop Generating "AI Slop": The Developer's Guide to Google Stitch # ui # vibecoding # webdev # ai Comments Add Comment 5 min read Introducing Vue DnD Kit: A New Drag-and-Drop Library for Vue 3 Ryan Carter Ryan Carter Ryan Carter Follow Dec 24 '25 Introducing Vue DnD Kit: A New Drag-and-Drop Library for Vue 3 # ui # a11y # vue # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read SwiftUI Animations Internals: Transactions, Timing & Identity Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Follow Dec 20 '25 SwiftUI Animations Internals: Transactions, Timing & Identity # swiftui # animation # ui # performance Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Had 24 Hours, Zero Templates, and a Vision. Here's What I Built. Omair Ahmed Omair Ahmed Omair Ahmed Follow Dec 19 '25 I Had 24 Hours, Zero Templates, and a Vision. Here's What I Built. # webdev # react # ui # startup Comments Add Comment 5 min read Our UI Is Fine — So Why Does It Feel Bad? Shashwat Pritish Shashwat Pritish Shashwat Pritish Follow Dec 19 '25 Our UI Is Fine — So Why Does It Feel Bad? # design # ui # ux Comments Add Comment 1 min read I built a generic React Select on top of shadcn/ui (supports objects, async & pagination) lemi melkamu lemi melkamu lemi melkamu Follow Dec 18 '25 I built a generic React Select on top of shadcn/ui (supports objects, async & pagination) # react # shadcn # typescript # ui Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Built a Free Theme Generator for Developers — MVP Launch StyloFront StyloFront StyloFront Follow Dec 18 '25 I Built a Free Theme Generator for Developers — MVP Launch # frontend # css # ui # webdev 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read 7 UI/UX Mistakes That Kill User Experience Taqwah Taqwah Taqwah Follow Dec 17 '25 7 UI/UX Mistakes That Kill User Experience # ui # uxdesign # ux # uidesign Comments Add Comment 8 min read Best-Looking Paywalls Collection: 14 High-Conversion UI Templates paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Dec 15 '25 Best-Looking Paywalls Collection: 14 High-Conversion UI Templates # ios # mobile # design # ui Comments Add Comment 5 min read I Finally Added Dark Mode, and It Forced Me to Fix More Than Colors Howard Shaw Howard Shaw Howard Shaw Follow Dec 15 '25 I Finally Added Dark Mode, and It Forced Me to Fix More Than Colors # webdev # ui # frontend # saas 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read SwiftUI Layout System Masterclass Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Sebastien Lato Follow Dec 13 '25 SwiftUI Layout System Masterclass # swiftui # layout # ui # architecture Comments Add Comment 3 min read Complete Onboarding Breakdown: 9 Steps from First Screen to Paywall paywallpro paywallpro paywallpro Follow Dec 12 '25 Complete Onboarding Breakdown: 9 Steps from First Screen to Paywall # ios # mobile # design # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read A Simple Guide to Stock Photos for UI and UX Work Joseph Dillon Joseph Dillon Joseph Dillon Follow Dec 11 '25 A Simple Guide to Stock Photos for UI and UX Work # ai # ui # ux # graphic 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read 7 things to watch for when conducting user tests Karina Egle Karina Egle Karina Egle Follow Dec 11 '25 7 things to watch for when conducting user tests # ux # ui # testing # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read I just Launched RareUI - A Clean, Modern Component Library. Swapnil kalambe Swapnil kalambe Swapnil kalambe Follow Dec 11 '25 I just Launched RareUI - A Clean, Modern Component Library. # showdev # ui # react # nextjs Comments Add Comment 1 min read Designing Systems That Actually Ship Bradley Matera Bradley Matera Bradley Matera Follow Dec 13 '25 Designing Systems That Actually Ship # frontend # a11y # css # ui Comments Add Comment 8 min read UI components as Lego: an analogy too far, or not far enough? Paul Love Paul Love Paul Love Follow for Measured Dec 9 '25 UI components as Lego: an analogy too far, or not far enough? # ui # designsystem # webdev # management Comments Add Comment 3 min read Difference Between UI and UX — Simple Explanation Pixel Mosaic Pixel Mosaic Pixel Mosaic Follow Jan 2 Difference Between UI and UX — Simple Explanation # ui # ux # design # frontend Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/stack_overflowed/furthest-building-you-can-reach-coding-problem-explained-1jgd | Furthest Building You Can Reach: Coding Problem Explained - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Stack Overflowed Posted on Jan 13 Furthest Building You Can Reach: Coding Problem Explained # coding # codingproblem # code # tutorial The “Furthest Building You Can Reach” problem asks you to determine how far you can progress along a sequence of building heights using a limited number of bricks and ladders. To move from one building to the next, you must climb the height difference if the next building is taller. You can pay that cost using either bricks, which are consumed equal to the height difference, or ladders, which can cover any height difference for free. The goal is to reach the furthest possible building index. This problem is not about summing heights or simulating all possibilities. It is about resource allocation. You have two types of resources with very different properties, and how you assign them across climbs determines how far you can go. Why greedy but naive strategies fail A tempting idea is to always use ladders for the earliest climbs or to always use bricks first and save ladders for later. Both strategies can fail. Using a ladder too early on a small climb wastes its power, while using bricks on a very large climb can drain your resources prematurely. The difficulty is that you do not know which climbs are “worth” a ladder until you see the relative sizes of all climbs encountered so far. This makes the problem unsuitable for simple one-pass greedy rules without some form of adjustment. Understanding the key greedy insight The core insight is that ladders are most valuable when used on the largest climbs. Bricks, on the other hand, are best spent on smaller climbs because their cost scales directly with height difference. This suggests a greedy strategy with a twist: as you encounter climbs, you tentatively assign ladders to them, but you remain willing to change your mind if you later encounter a larger climb. In other words, you want ladders to end up covering the biggest height differences among all climbs you actually take. Want to explore more coding problem solutions? Check out Palindrome Partitioning and Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree . Using a priority structure to manage climbs To implement this idea, you track the height differences of all upward moves you have encountered. Conceptually, every time you climb up, you assume you will use a ladder for that climb and record its height difference. If the number of climbs you have recorded exceeds the number of ladders available, you must replace one ladder usage with bricks. To minimize brick usage, you should replace the ladder that was covering the smallest climb so far, because bricks are cheapest there. This swap frees the ladder to potentially cover a larger climb later. This “assign ladders to the largest climbs” principle is the heart of the solution. Why this greedy adjustment works The correctness of this approach comes from an exchange argument. Suppose you used a ladder on a small climb and bricks on a larger one. Swapping those assignments would reduce or maintain brick usage and never make things worse. Therefore, in an optimal allocation, ladders must be assigned to the largest climbs encountered so far. By continually enforcing this rule as you progress, you ensure that at any point, your resource usage is as efficient as possible, given the buildings you have reached. Detecting when you can no longer proceed As you process buildings one by one, you deduct bricks whenever a ladder assignment is replaced. If at any point your brick count drops below zero, it means you do not have enough resources to cover the required climbs up to this building. At that moment, you cannot proceed further, and the current building index is the furthest you can reach. This stopping condition is simple and reliable because resource usage is always kept minimal under the greedy strategy. Check out Balanced Binary Tree and Bitwise AND of Numbers Range coding problem solutions. Why this approach guarantees the furthest reach By always minimizing brick consumption for the climbs you have already encountered, you maximize the chance of surviving future climbs. Any other strategy that uses bricks less efficiently would run out sooner. The algorithm does not try to predict the future. Instead, it dynamically adjusts past decisions to ensure ladders are reserved for the most expensive climbs seen so far. This adaptability is what makes the greedy strategy correct. Time and space complexity considerations The algorithm processes each building once and maintains a structure of encountered climbs. Operations on this structure are efficient and scale with the number of ladders rather than the number of buildings. Space usage is limited to storing climb differences. Overall, the solution runs efficiently even for large inputs. Why this problem is common in interviews The Furthest Building You Can Reach is popular in interviews because it tests whether candidates understand greedy algorithms beyond simple rules. The need to revise earlier decisions is subtle and often overlooked. It also tests whether candidates can reason about resource allocation and use the right abstraction to support greedy adjustments. What this problem teaches beyond buildings Beyond its narrative, this problem teaches a powerful algorithmic lesson: when you have limited high-power resources and unlimited low-power resources, the high-power ones should be reserved for the most expensive tasks. Implementing this principle often requires tracking past decisions and being willing to revise them. If you can clearly explain why ladders belong on the largest climbs, how brick usage is minimized dynamically, and why running out of bricks marks the stopping point, you demonstrate strong greedy reasoning. That depth of understanding makes “Furthest Building You Can Reach” an excellent exercise in adaptive greedy algorithms and resource optimization. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Stack Overflowed Follow ☕ Full-stack survivor. 🐛 Bug magnet. 💻 Developer who writes so you don’t repeat my mistakes (though you probably will). Joined Aug 19, 2025 More from Stack Overflowed Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree Solution # coding # codenewbie # tutorial Palindrome Partitioning: Coding Problem Explained # programming # coding # challenge # learning Clone Graph: Coding Problem Solution Explained # programming # coding # tutorial # learning 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.forem.com/t/javascript | JavaScript - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close JavaScript Follow Hide Once relegated to the browser as one of the 3 core technologies of the web, JavaScript can now be found almost anywhere you find code. JavaScript developers move fast and push software development forward; they can be as opinionated as the frameworks they use, so let's keep it clean here and make it a place to learn from each other! Create Post submission guidelines Client-side, server-side, it doesn't matter. This tag should be used for anything JavaScript focused. If the topic is about a JavaScript framework or library , just remember to include the framework's tag as well. about #javascript How should the tag be written? All lower-case letters for the tag: javascript . Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu I tried to capture system audio in the browser. Here's what I learned. Flo Flo Flo Follow Jan 12 I tried to capture system audio in the browser. Here's what I learned. # api # javascript # learning # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) nicomedina nicomedina nicomedina Follow Jan 13 How I built a high-performance Social API with Bun & ElysiaJS on a $5 VPS (handling 3.6k reqs/min) # bunjs # api # javascript # programming 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Websockets with Socket.IO eachampagne eachampagne eachampagne Follow Jan 12 Websockets with Socket.IO # javascript # networking # node # webdev 5 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read From Zero to SQS Lambda in 15 Minutes Konfy Konfy Konfy Follow Jan 12 From Zero to SQS Lambda in 15 Minutes # webdev # javascript # aws Comments Add Comment 1 min read Top 8 Fal.AI Alternatives Developers Are Using to Ship AI Apps Emmanuel Mumba Emmanuel Mumba Emmanuel Mumba Follow Jan 13 Top 8 Fal.AI Alternatives Developers Are Using to Ship AI Apps # webdev # programming # ai # javascript 19 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read The Secret Life of JavaScript: Identity Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Aaron Rose Follow Jan 13 The Secret Life of JavaScript: Identity # javascript # coding # programming # software 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Angular Addicts #45: Signal Form guides, AI integrations & more Gergely Szerovay Gergely Szerovay Gergely Szerovay Follow for This is Angular Jan 13 Angular Addicts #45: Signal Form guides, AI integrations & more # angular # typescript # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Send Transactional Emails in Node.js with Convex and AutoSend API Debajyati Dey Debajyati Dey Debajyati Dey Follow Jan 13 Send Transactional Emails in Node.js with Convex and AutoSend API # webdev # node # convex # javascript 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 14 min read Mouse Events in JavaScript: Why Your UI Flickers (and How to Fix It Properly) Farhad Hossain Farhad Hossain Farhad Hossain Follow Jan 13 Mouse Events in JavaScript: Why Your UI Flickers (and How to Fix It Properly) # frontend # javascript # ui 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 12 🧭 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Minimum Time Visiting All Points' – LeetCode 1266 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read OKAN KAPLAN SOUND LAB – Infinite Jazz Generator | Live Coding with JavaScript okan kaplan okan kaplan okan kaplan Follow Jan 12 OKAN KAPLAN SOUND LAB – Infinite Jazz Generator | Live Coding with JavaScript # showdev # algorithms # javascript Comments Add Comment 1 min read Advancing with React: Hooks Deep Dive! (React Day 5) Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Vasu Ghanta Follow Jan 13 Advancing with React: Hooks Deep Dive! (React Day 5) # react # webdev # programming # javascript 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read Bridging the Gap: Building a Universal Web Interface for OBD-II Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Ekong Ikpe Follow Jan 13 Bridging the Gap: Building a Universal Web Interface for OBD-II # webdev # programming # javascript # automotive Comments Add Comment 2 min read Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript Daniel Daniel Daniel Follow for Datalaria Jan 13 Weather Service Project (Part 2): Building the Interactive Frontend with GitHub Pages or Netlify and JavaScript # frontend # javascript # tutorial # webdev Comments Add Comment 6 min read Introducing Frak.js: Simple, Scriptable Code Deployments Franklin Strube Franklin Strube Franklin Strube Follow Jan 13 Introducing Frak.js: Simple, Scriptable Code Deployments # devops # javascript # webdev 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Your CLI's completion should know what options you've already typed Hong Minhee Hong Minhee Hong Minhee Follow Jan 13 Your CLI's completion should know what options you've already typed # typescript # javascript # cli # terminal Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to handle drag and drop with Cypress in Workflow Builder Daniil Daniil Daniil Follow Jan 13 How to handle drag and drop with Cypress in Workflow Builder # testing # cypress # javascript # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read Is JS pass-by-value or pass-by-reference? Let's clear the confusion once and for all, from memory basics to modern Immutability. Tihomir Ivanov Tihomir Ivanov Tihomir Ivanov Follow Jan 13 Is JS pass-by-value or pass-by-reference? Let's clear the confusion once and for all, from memory basics to modern Immutability. # javascript # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read Dependency Tracking Fundamentals (II) Luciano0322 Luciano0322 Luciano0322 Follow Jan 13 Dependency Tracking Fundamentals (II) # javascript # webdev # frontend # reactivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Letting Kiro Drive — Autopilot and Hooks Peter McAree Peter McAree Peter McAree Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 12 Letting Kiro Drive — Autopilot and Hooks # ai # software # agents # javascript Comments Add Comment 6 min read Building a 49-Country Exchange Calculator with a Single Static Page 임세환 임세환 임세환 Follow Jan 13 Building a 49-Country Exchange Calculator with a Single Static Page # architecture # frontend # javascript Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide vishalmysore vishalmysore vishalmysore Follow Jan 12 Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide # angular # javascript # tutorial # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building a Collaborative Trello-Style Kanban Board with Next.js, Velt and v0🔥 Astrodevil Astrodevil Astrodevil Follow Jan 12 Building a Collaborative Trello-Style Kanban Board with Next.js, Velt and v0🔥 # webdev # programming # javascript # opensource Comments Add Comment 15 min read How I detect typosquatting attacks before npm install runs Domenic Wehkamp Domenic Wehkamp Domenic Wehkamp Follow Jan 12 How I detect typosquatting attacks before npm install runs # webdev # ai # javascript # security Comments Add Comment 2 min read Moving from Nextjs to Qwik Jaime Jaime Jaime Follow Jan 12 Moving from Nextjs to Qwik # nextjs # qwik # javascript # performance Comments Add Comment 5 min read loading... trending guides/resources I built an app in every frontend framework Top Open Source Projects That Will Dominate 2026 JavaScript Frameworks - Heading into 2026 5 YouTube Channels Every Programmer Should Follow in 2025! Top 10 Productivity Hacks Every Developer Should Know 🚀 How I Built a Graphics Renderer for Node.js JavaScript Scope & Closure: Stop Memorizing, Start Understanding 12 Open Source Gems To Become The Ultimate Developer 🔥 Yes, true + true === 2. And No, JavaScript Isn’t Broken The Secret Life of JavaScript: Understanding Closures 🎉 Black Friday & Cyber Monday 2025: The Best Deals for JavaScript Developers 🚀 Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 10 JavaScript Console Methods You Didn't Know Existed (And How They'll Save You Hours of Debugging) What happens when you type console.log()? Will WebAssembly Kill JavaScript? Let’s Find Out (+ Live Demo) 🚀 The Secret Life of JavaScript: Let, Const, and Why Variables Are Complicated Building a Premium New Year 2026 Celebration Site 🎉 🚀 TOON (Token-Oriented Object Notation) — The Smarter, Lighter JSON for LLMs The Secret Life of JavaScript: Currying vs. Partial Application Turbopack: A Better Way to Inline SVG in Next.js 16 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/dev-is-cracked/i-built-a-meme-creator-to-roast-my-own-spaghetti-code-no-watermarks-no-bs-free-4d1o#comments | I built a Meme Creator to roast my own Spaghetti Code (No watermarks, no BS, free!) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Brian Zavala Posted on Jan 13 I built a Meme Creator to roast my own Spaghetti Code (No watermarks, no BS, free!) # webdev # showdev # watercooler # react Head to roastville -> meme-creator.app We've all been there. You push to prod on a Friday. You let the AI write the unit tests because the "vibes were good." And now the database is on fire. I wanted to make a meme about my own bad decisions, but every site I found was a disaster. They wanted a subscription, a login, or they slapped a watermark over my joke that was bigger than the joke itself. So, I found a solution. I built a Local-First, Privacy-Focused Meme Creator specifically for developers who need to roast a coworker (or themselves) hard-core! Make a meme about your current sprint, your legacy codebase, or "Vibe Coding" gone wrong. Drop the image in the comments below 👇 Let the roasting begin my friends 🔥 Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Brian Zavala Follow CS Student & Dad. I build privacy-first apps on Arch Linux (btw). Turning caffeine into code. Location Texas Education Bachelor of science in computer science Pronouns He/Him Work Founder & Lead Dev Joined Sep 2, 2024 Trending on DEV Community Hot Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming Meme Monday # discuss # watercooler # jokes What makes a good tech Meet-up? # discuss # community # a11y # meet 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/tomivan/coding-challenge-practice-question-101-1m94#main-content | Coding Challenge Practice - Question 101 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Bukunmi Odugbesan Posted on Jan 13 Coding Challenge Practice - Question 101 # devchallenge # interview # algorithms # javascript The task is to implement a browser history. The boilerplate code class BrowserHistory { /** * @param {string} url * if url is set, it means new tab with url * otherwise, it is empty new tab */ constructor(url) { } /** * @param { string } url */ visit(url) { } /** * @return {string} current url */ get current() { } // go to previous entry goBack() { } // go to next visited url forward() { } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Store visited urls, have a pointer to the current page and store how the tab is created. this.history = []; this.index = -1; this.hasInitialUrl = Boolean(url) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The initial index being -1 means that the tab is empty, no page is loaded. If a page is loaded, store it in the history array if (url) { this.history.push(url); this.index = 0; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When a new url is visited, it is stored and the index is increased. visit(url) { this.history = this.history.slice(0, this.index + 1); this.history.push(url); this.index++; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode It is sliced because, if you visit A => B => C, then go back to B and visit D, history must go back to B from D, like a real browser. To get the current URL get current() { return this.index >= 0 ? this.history[this.index] : undefined; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To go back, also consider the initial url and not go back beyond that if the tab was not empty on first view goBack() { if (this.hasInitialUrl) { if (this.index > 0) { this.index--; } } else { if (this.index >= 0) { this.index--; } } return this.current; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To move forward, ensure that a future page exists forward() { if (this.index < this.history.length - 1) { this.index++; } return this.current; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The final code class BrowserHistory { constructor(url) { this.history = []; this.index = -1; this.hasInitialUrl = Boolean(url) if(url) { this.history.push(url); this.index = 0; } } visit(url) { this.history = this.history.slice(0, this.index + 1); this.history.push(url); this.index++; } get current() { return this.history[this.index] || undefined; } goBack() { if(this.hasInitialUrl) { if(this.index > 0) { this.index--; } } else { if(this.index >= 0) { this.index--; } } return this.current } forward() { if(this.index < this.history.length - 1) { this.index++; } return this.current; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That's all folks! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Bukunmi Odugbesan Follow On my way to being a polymath | Intelligence having fun Location Lekki Education Obafemi Awolowo University Pronouns He/Him Work Frontend developer at Innovastra Group Joined Jun 19, 2019 More from Bukunmi Odugbesan Coding Challenge Practice - Question 99 # interview # tutorial # devchallenge # javascript Coding Challenge Practice - Question 98 # challenge # interview # javascript Coding Challenge Practice - Question 97 # algorithms # challenge # interview # javascript 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/freelancing | Freelancing - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # freelancing Follow Hide The business of design: clients, contracts, and pricing Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Upwork Alternatives 2026: Stop Paying for Connects & Get Hired Saqib Shah Saqib Shah Saqib Shah Follow Jan 10 Upwork Alternatives 2026: Stop Paying for Connects & Get Hired # freelancing # career # webdev # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read Remote Money Resources & Income Methods 2026 - Complete Guide krlz krlz krlz Follow Jan 8 Remote Money Resources & Income Methods 2026 - Complete Guide # remotework # freelancing # chile # income Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I Built a Zero-Registration Free Invoice Maker for Freelancers Tushar Imran Tushar Imran Tushar Imran Follow Dec 29 '25 How I Built a Zero-Registration Free Invoice Maker for Freelancers # showdev # freelancing # laravel # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 How I Built an AI Agent to Automate High-Converting Upwork Proposals (n8n + OpenAI) zo Aoo zo Aoo zo Aoo Follow Jan 1 🚀 How I Built an AI Agent to Automate High-Converting Upwork Proposals (n8n + OpenAI) # n8n # automation # ai # freelancing 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read A Beginner’s Guide to Freelancing in the Digital Era Online Business Online Business Online Business Follow Jan 5 A Beginner’s Guide to Freelancing in the Digital Era # freelancing # career # skills # workplace 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read What’s Next — Freelancers & AI-Generated Documents: Emerging Risks & Smart Practices for 2026” Cyber Safety Zone Cyber Safety Zone Cyber Safety Zone Follow Dec 5 '25 What’s Next — Freelancers & AI-Generated Documents: Emerging Risks & Smart Practices for 2026” # cybersecurity # ai # freelancing # productivity 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read My Freelance Journey: Building and Launching a Custom WordPress Theme for a Client Sarah Varghese Sarah Varghese Sarah Varghese Follow Nov 4 '25 My Freelance Journey: Building and Launching a Custom WordPress Theme for a Client # wordpress # webdev # freelancing # tutorial 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read 8 Mistakes New Freelance Engineers Make and How to Fix Them Todd 🌐 Fractional CTO Todd 🌐 Fractional CTO Todd 🌐 Fractional CTO Follow Oct 10 '25 8 Mistakes New Freelance Engineers Make and How to Fix Them # freelancing # softwareengineering # careergrowth # businessstrategy 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read AI-Generated Portfolios: Hype or the Future of Freelancing? Shaikh Taslim Ahmed Shaikh Taslim Ahmed Shaikh Taslim Ahmed Follow Sep 18 '25 AI-Generated Portfolios: Hype or the Future of Freelancing? # freelancing # portfolio # website # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Your Developer Portfolio Needs More Than Just GitHub Links Shaikh Taslim Ahmed Shaikh Taslim Ahmed Shaikh Taslim Ahmed Follow Sep 17 '25 Why Your Developer Portfolio Needs More Than Just GitHub Links # portfolio # website # freelancing # visitfolio Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cybersecurity Weekly #3: Deepfakes, Phishing 2.0, and the Fight Against Digital Deception Cyber Safety Zone Cyber Safety Zone Cyber Safety Zone Follow Sep 25 '25 Cybersecurity Weekly #3: Deepfakes, Phishing 2.0, and the Fight Against Digital Deception # cybersecurity # freelancing # deepfakes # weeklyseries Comments Add Comment 2 min read #3 - Data Privacy: Things to Consider Derek L. Seitz Derek L. Seitz Derek L. Seitz Follow Sep 13 '25 #3 - Data Privacy: Things to Consider # dataprivacy # webdev # freelancing # privacypolicy Comments Add Comment 6 min read Question Gaurav Gangwar Gaurav Gangwar Gaurav Gangwar Follow Aug 15 '25 Question # discuss # career # mobile # freelancing Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 New: EasyTool Downloadable Kits for Shopify Devs major marik major marik major marik Follow Aug 9 '25 🚀 New: EasyTool Downloadable Kits for Shopify Devs # cms # prisma # cli # freelancing Comments Add Comment 1 min read How I Earned $500 Without Writing a Single Line of Code Akemnoor Singh Akemnoor Singh Akemnoor Singh Follow Aug 9 '25 How I Earned $500 Without Writing a Single Line of Code # freelancing # webdev # cursor # vibecoding 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Remote Work Comparison 2025: Freelance, Full-Time, Hybrid & More Kapil Ruhela Kapil Ruhela Kapil Ruhela Follow Aug 3 '25 Remote Work Comparison 2025: Freelance, Full-Time, Hybrid & More # remote # workfromhome # freelancing # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read “Busco colaboradores para app juvenil de empleos – React Native + Firebase” theivid85 theivid85 theivid85 Follow Jul 30 '25 “Busco colaboradores para app juvenil de empleos – React Native + Firebase” # reactnative # firebase # freelancing # marketing Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Automate Your Freelance Workflow Using ChatGPT + Zapier White Balance AI White Balance AI White Balance AI Follow Jul 25 '25 How to Automate Your Freelance Workflow Using ChatGPT + Zapier # freelancing # ai # automation # chatgpt Comments Add Comment 1 min read Coding a $1K Landing Page: Designing to Development 📈 Akemnoor Singh Akemnoor Singh Akemnoor Singh Follow Aug 9 '25 Coding a $1K Landing Page: Designing to Development 📈 # frontend # fullstack # ui # freelancing 6 reactions Comments 1 comment 1 min read Managing Clients, Deadlines & Devs — Without Losing Your Mind DCT Technology Pvt. Ltd. DCT Technology Pvt. Ltd. DCT Technology Pvt. Ltd. Follow Jun 28 '25 Managing Clients, Deadlines & Devs — Without Losing Your Mind # opensource # webdev # freelancing # clientsfromhell 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🛡️ 10 Must-Have Cybersecurity Tools for Freelance Developers in 2025 (Free + Paid) Abdul Rehman Khan Abdul Rehman Khan Abdul Rehman Khan Follow Jul 6 '25 🛡️ 10 Must-Have Cybersecurity Tools for Freelance Developers in 2025 (Free + Paid) # cybersecurity # freelancing # devtools # developers 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Personal Branding for Devs: How I Got Clients Without a Portfolio DCT Technology Pvt. Ltd. DCT Technology Pvt. Ltd. DCT Technology Pvt. Ltd. Follow Jun 12 '25 Personal Branding for Devs: How I Got Clients Without a Portfolio # webdev # personalbranding # freelancing Comments 2 comments 3 min read Why Remote Freelance Projects Fail More Often Than You Think Ciarra Guidicelli Ciarra Guidicelli Ciarra Guidicelli Follow May 23 '25 Why Remote Freelance Projects Fail More Often Than You Think # freelancing # remote # productivity # startup 15 reactions Comments 13 comments 2 min read WARNING: Malicious Repository Attack Targeting Cryptocurrency Developers on Upwork Daniel Daniel Daniel Follow Apr 3 '25 WARNING: Malicious Repository Attack Targeting Cryptocurrency Developers on Upwork # security # cryptocurrency # freelancing # malware Comments Add Comment 3 min read The 25 Best Freelance Websites for WordPress Users Minima Desk Minima Desk Minima Desk Follow Apr 12 '25 The 25 Best Freelance Websites for WordPress Users # freelancewebsites # wordpressusers # freelancing # beginners Comments 1 comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources Remote Money Resources & Income Methods 2026 - Complete Guide What’s Next — Freelancers & AI-Generated Documents: Emerging Risks & Smart Practices for 2026” 🚀 How I Built an AI Agent to Automate High-Converting Upwork Proposals (n8n + OpenAI) A Beginner’s Guide to Freelancing in the Digital Era My Freelance Journey: Building and Launching a Custom WordPress Theme for a Client Upwork Alternatives 2026: Stop Paying for Connects & Get Hired How I Built a Zero-Registration Free Invoice Maker for Freelancers 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/apigee | Apigee - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # apigee Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jan 8 How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Your Backend Sends 200 OK Even When an Order Fails — How Do You Fix It in Apigee X? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jan 5 Your Backend Sends 200 OK Even When an Order Fails — How Do You Fix It in Apigee X? # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Managing Google Cloud’s Apigee API Platform for Hybrid Cloud: The Architect’s Guide to Operations, Security, and Scale Tech Croc Tech Croc Tech Croc Follow Jan 8 Managing Google Cloud’s Apigee API Platform for Hybrid Cloud: The Architect’s Guide to Operations, Security, and Scale # apigee # api # apigateway # googlecloud 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Jan 5 You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read When Would You Group Multiple API Proxies Into a Single Product in Apigee X? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Dec 31 '25 When Would You Group Multiple API Proxies Into a Single Product in Apigee X? # apigee # apigeex # interview # gcp 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🎯 What Is the Purpose of API Products in Apigee X? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Dec 29 '25 🎯 What Is the Purpose of API Products in Apigee X? # apigee # gcp # interview 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Explain the Relationship Between API Proxy API Product App Developer in Apigee X realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Dec 21 '25 Explain the Relationship Between API Proxy API Product App Developer in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read What Is the Impact of Quota and Spike Arrest on Latency in Apigee X? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Dec 20 '25 What Is the Impact of Quota and Spike Arrest on Latency in Apigee X? # gcp # apigee # apigeex # interview 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Do You Measure API Performance in Apigee X? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Dec 19 '25 How Do You Measure API Performance in Apigee X? # apigee # gcp # apigeex # interview 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Do You Cache Partial Responses or Specific Elements in Apigee X? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Dec 17 '25 How Do You Cache Partial Responses or Specific Elements in Apigee X? # apigee # gcp # google # apigeex 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Apigee Handbook on GCP: Quick Start Guide for starting Bryan Granado Bryan Granado Bryan Granado Follow Dec 10 '25 Apigee Handbook on GCP: Quick Start Guide for starting # apigee # gcp # developers # cloud Comments Add Comment 5 min read What Happens If Spike Arrest Is Set to 10pm but Traffic Spikes to 100 Requests at Once? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Dec 10 '25 What Happens If Spike Arrest Is Set to 10pm but Traffic Spikes to 100 Requests at Once? # apigee # apigeex # interview # spike 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read How AI Is Transforming API Management: The Apigee Developer’s Guide realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Nov 29 '25 How AI Is Transforming API Management: The Apigee Developer’s Guide # apigee # api # ai # copiolet 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read What Is the Difference Between AssignMessage vs ExtractVariables in Apigee ? realNameHidden realNameHidden realNameHidden Follow Nov 20 '25 What Is the Difference Between AssignMessage vs ExtractVariables in Apigee ? # apigee # interview # api # management 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Essential Apigee Shared Flows and Policies Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Follow Sep 8 '25 Essential Apigee Shared Flows and Policies # apigee # sharedflows # api # apigateway Comments Add Comment 7 min read Apigee API Product Design Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Follow Sep 7 '25 Apigee API Product Design # apigee # api # apigateway # googlecloud Comments Add Comment 4 min read Apigee Target Servers VS. Target Endpoints Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Follow Sep 3 '25 Apigee Target Servers VS. Target Endpoints # apigee # apidevlopment # apigateway Comments Add Comment 4 min read Apigee API Products, Developer, Apps and API Keys Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Follow Sep 7 '25 Apigee API Products, Developer, Apps and API Keys # apigee # apigateway # api # googlecloud Comments Add Comment 6 min read Apigee Logger Shared Flow - Implementation Guide Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Follow Sep 8 '25 Apigee Logger Shared Flow - Implementation Guide # apigee # apigeelog # api # apigateway Comments Add Comment 17 min read Apigee Organization Components Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Mahmoud Sayed Follow Feb 13 '25 Apigee Organization Components # apigateway # apigee # programming # googlecloud 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Dive into the world of serverless - GCP Edition Suraj Kamal Suraj Kamal Suraj Kamal Follow Jul 29 '24 Dive into the world of serverless - GCP Edition # gcp # serverless # firestore # apigee Comments Add Comment 6 min read The Top 9 Apigee Alternatives Terence Bennett Terence Bennett Terence Bennett Follow for DreamFactory Feb 29 '24 The Top 9 Apigee Alternatives # apigee Comments Add Comment 11 min read Integration Digest: November 2023 Stanislav Deviatov Stanislav Deviatov Stanislav Deviatov Follow Dec 25 '23 Integration Digest: November 2023 # mulesoft # apigee # restapi # rest Comments Add Comment 10 min read Qué es un API Gateway y cómo le sacamos partido Jose Francisco Rives Jose Francisco Rives Jose Francisco Rives Follow Mar 28 '20 Qué es un API Gateway y cómo le sacamos partido # apigee # krakend # tyk # kong 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources Managing Google Cloud’s Apigee API Platform for Hybrid Cloud: The Architect’s Guide to Operations... How Do You Measure API Performance in Apigee X? How AI Is Transforming API Management: The Apigee Developer’s Guide How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X What Is the Impact of Quota and Spike Arrest on Latency in Apigee X? When Would You Group Multiple API Proxies Into a Single Product in Apigee X? You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? What Is the Difference Between AssignMessage vs ExtractVariables in Apigee ? How Do You Cache Partial Responses or Specific Elements in Apigee X? Apigee Handbook on GCP: Quick Start Guide for starting Your Backend Sends 200 OK Even When an Order Fails — How Do You Fix It in Apigee X? 🎯 What Is the Purpose of API Products in Apigee X? What Happens If Spike Arrest Is Set to 10pm but Traffic Spikes to 100 Requests at Once? Explain the Relationship Between API Proxy API Product App Developer in Apigee X 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
http://mulgara.org/ | Welcome to the Mulgara Project! wiki blog bugs News Download Documentation Community Issues Developers Future Links Thanks Mulgara is a fast RDF database written entirely in Java . Mulgara is licensed under the Open Software License v3.0 . New code is being contributed using the Apache 2.0 license . Latest Release: Recent News Mulgara hasn't been getting a lot of love from the devs lately, but we're still here. Paula has been starting to port elements over to Clojure, with the intention of reimplementing everything in that language. See Kiara , crg-turtle and tree for recent developments there. Meanwhile, any updates needed in the Mulgara code can still be requested. The codebase has been moved to Github to help facilitate this, as well as avoid potential problems with the mulgara.org server. February 10, 2014 Mulgara 2.1.13 released . A minor release to meet government auditing requirements. See the release notes . Download from here . - January 10, 2012 Mulgara 2.1.12 released . A minor release with the introduction of transitive predicates in SPARQL. See the release notes . Download from here . - December 14, 2011 Mulgara 2.1.11 released . This has been a cleanup and minor bugfix release to help with commercial deployment. See the release notes . Download from here . - September 29, 2011 After some time away, Mulgara v2.1.10 has been released . This release deals with bug related to rolling back large transactions using the XA11 string pool, and some rollback errors that occur exclusively in Windows. See the release notes . Download from here . - July 19, 2011 Updated by Paula on February 14, 2014 Source code on Github Mulgaras and Kowaris are the two species in the Dasycercus genus. They are marsupial carnivores closely related to the Tasmanian Devil and the quolls that lives in deserts and spinifexbush of central Australia. - Wikipedia Like the Kowari, the Mulgara is an Australian marsupial, and is listed as "vulnerable". YourKit is kindly supporting open source projects with its full-featured Java Profiler. YourKit, LLC is the creator of innovative and intelligent tools for profiling Java and .NET applications. Take a look at YourKit's leading software products: YourKit Java Profiler and YourKit .NET Profiler . | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/t/uxdesign | Uxdesign - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close # uxdesign Follow Hide Focusing on user experience, research, and creating user-centered products Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 🚀 WebAR Development Frameworks: How to Build Immersive AR Experiences with A-Frame & AR.js Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Jan 12 🚀 WebAR Development Frameworks: How to Build Immersive AR Experiences with A-Frame & AR.js # augmentedreality # webdev # frontend # uxdesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read Restaurant Discovery Is a Ranking Problem — And the Inputs Are Wrong Marcin Stepien Marcin Stepien Marcin Stepien Follow Jan 11 Restaurant Discovery Is a Ranking Problem — And the Inputs Are Wrong # webdev # ui # uxdesign 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚀 Building AR Applications: How to Create Immersive Web Experiences with Augmented Reality Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Jan 10 🚀 Building AR Applications: How to Create Immersive Web Experiences with Augmented Reality # augmentedreality # frontend # uxdesign # threejs Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building Hoasel: What I Learned About Ethical Engagement After Winning Tech4Dev Mayowa Ogunnubi Mayowa Ogunnubi Mayowa Ogunnubi Follow Jan 4 Building Hoasel: What I Learned About Ethical Engagement After Winning Tech4Dev # startup # uxdesign # webdev # buildinpublic Comments Add Comment 2 min read Ethical Monetization: How to Grow Revenue Without Sacrificing User Trust Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Jan 1 Ethical Monetization: How to Grow Revenue Without Sacrificing User Trust # productdesign # ethicalmonitization # digitaltrust # uxdesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read Transparency in Web Development: How Open Design Builds Trust and Loyalty Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Dec 30 '25 Transparency in Web Development: How Open Design Builds Trust and Loyalty # webdev # webtransparency # uxdesign # digitaltrust Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why Country Flags Improve the UX of Phone Number Inputs Randa LAKAB Randa LAKAB Randa LAKAB Follow Dec 28 '25 Why Country Flags Improve the UX of Phone Number Inputs # uxdesign # userexperience # usability # uxbestpractices Comments Add Comment 2 min read UX Fixes That Lift Signup Conversion (Before/After with Data) Atumcode solutions Atumcode solutions Atumcode solutions Follow Dec 25 '25 UX Fixes That Lift Signup Conversion (Before/After with Data) # webdev # uxdesign # ui # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read I Love Terminal Aesthetics. Not Everyone Does. Here's How I Solved That. Jason Jason Jason Follow Dec 26 '25 I Love Terminal Aesthetics. Not Everyone Does. Here's How I Solved That. # webdev # nextjs # uxdesign # product 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Help Center Navigation Logic Explained Using Real User Behavior FreePixel FreePixel FreePixel Follow Dec 20 '25 Help Center Navigation Logic Explained Using Real User Behavior # helpcenter # uxdesign # userexperience # customersupport Comments Add Comment 4 min read 📊 Data Collection and Analysis: How to Turn Web Traffic into Actionable Insights Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Dec 19 '25 📊 Data Collection and Analysis: How to Turn Web Traffic into Actionable Insights # webanalytics # digitaldriven # uxdesign # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read Who knew hiring could be so tiring? mich_thedev mich_thedev mich_thedev Follow Jan 1 Who knew hiring could be so tiring? # hiring # marketing # uxdesign # productdesign 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Help Center Metrics That Measure Real Support Effectiveness FreePixel FreePixel FreePixel Follow Dec 17 '25 Help Center Metrics That Measure Real Support Effectiveness # helpcenter # customersupport # uxdesign # knowledgebase Comments Add Comment 4 min read From Feature Creep to Focus: Deciding What AppReviews Would Never Be Quentin Dommerc Quentin Dommerc Quentin Dommerc Follow Dec 16 '25 From Feature Creep to Focus: Deciding What AppReviews Would Never Be # product # programming # uxdesign # tooling Comments Add Comment 3 min read 7 UI/UX Mistakes That Kill User Experience Taqwah Taqwah Taqwah Follow Dec 17 '25 7 UI/UX Mistakes That Kill User Experience # ui # uxdesign # ux # uidesign Comments Add Comment 8 min read Why job boards are failing UX/UI designers (and what works better today) Alizetihr – Tech Talent Scouting Alizetihr – Tech Talent Scouting Alizetihr – Tech Talent Scouting Follow Dec 16 '25 Why job boards are failing UX/UI designers (and what works better today) # uxdesign # career # opensource # github Comments 1 comment 1 min read I built a Mint Green Light Theme for IDEAs Ingo Steinke, web developer Ingo Steinke, web developer Ingo Steinke, web developer Follow Jan 7 I built a Mint Green Light Theme for IDEAs # showdev # productivity # uxdesign # webdev 11 reactions Comments 6 comments 5 min read Button UI Basics Every Designer Should Know Design Monks Design Monks Design Monks Follow Dec 9 '25 Button UI Basics Every Designer Should Know # ui # webdev # uxdesign # uiweekly Comments Add Comment 2 min read ⚡ Real-Time Multiplayer Games: How to Build Online Games That Connect Players Instantly Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Dec 6 '25 ⚡ Real-Time Multiplayer Games: How to Build Online Games That Connect Players Instantly # interactiveweb # gamedev # webdev # uxdesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read 10 UI UX Principles That Will Transform Your Design Process Taqwah Taqwah Taqwah Follow Dec 17 '25 10 UI UX Principles That Will Transform Your Design Process # ui # uidesign # ux # uxdesign Comments Add Comment 8 min read Enterprise Help Center Governance: Roles, SLAs, and Content Owners FreePixel FreePixel FreePixel Follow Dec 4 '25 Enterprise Help Center Governance: Roles, SLAs, and Content Owners # helpcenter # documentation # customersupport # uxdesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read How UI/UX Design Turns Visitors Into Paying Customers Taqwah Taqwah Taqwah Follow Dec 2 '25 How UI/UX Design Turns Visitors Into Paying Customers # ui # uxdesign # ux Comments Add Comment 6 min read 🎵 Your Audio Deserves to Be Seen: A Guide to Audio Visualization on the Web Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Okoye Ndidiamaka Follow Nov 28 '25 🎵 Your Audio Deserves to Be Seen: A Guide to Audio Visualization on the Web # webaudioapi # webdev # audiovisualization # uxdesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Fully Interactive LEGO® Website Concept with Image-Based HTML Elements Laszlo Barath Laszlo Barath Laszlo Barath Follow Dec 20 '25 Building a Fully Interactive LEGO® Website Concept with Image-Based HTML Elements # webdev # lego # uidesign # uxdesign 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Making a shared brain with my GenAI buddy Reza Rosli Reza Rosli Reza Rosli Follow for Onepoint Dec 16 '25 Making a shared brain with my GenAI buddy # productivity # scrum # uxdesign # adventoftech2025 4 reactions Comments 2 comments 22 min read loading... trending guides/resources 10 UI UX Principles That Will Transform Your Design Process Making a shared brain with my GenAI buddy I Love Terminal Aesthetics. Not Everyone Does. Here's How I Solved That. Building a Fully Interactive LEGO® Website Concept with Image-Based HTML Elements I built a Mint Green Light Theme for IDEAs 🖼️ Responsive Images: Serving the Right Image for Every Screen Anticipatory UI: The Future of Zero-Click Interaction How UI/UX Design Turns Visitors Into Paying Customers How to Redesign Dashboards That Actually Retain Customers Ethical Monetization: How to Grow Revenue Without Sacrificing User Trust Dynamic Theming: A Developer’s Guide to Adaptive Color in UI Sobre la UX en las apps de booking deportivo My Crush Is Here: An Artist's E-Commerce Website Building Hoasel: What I Learned About Ethical Engagement After Winning Tech4Dev My Career Pivot From Freelance to Employee 7 UI/UX Mistakes That Kill User Experience The Ultimate Secret of UI/UX Design Help Center Navigation Logic Explained Using Real User Behavior ⚡ Mobile Performance Optimization: The Secret to Keeping Users From Clicking Away 📊 Data Collection and Analysis: How to Turn Web Traffic into Actionable Insights 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/evoleinik/iterm2-tmux-cc-the-remote-development-setup-nobody-talks-about-4p89 | iTerm2 + tmux -CC: The Remote Development Setup Nobody Talks About - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Eugene Oleinik Posted on Dec 25, 2025 • Originally published at evoleinik.com iTerm2 + tmux -CC: The Remote Development Setup Nobody Talks About # terminal # tmux # ssh # remotedevelopment Every few months, someone announces a new terminal emulator that will revolutionize remote development. AI-powered this, cloud-native that. Meanwhile, iTerm2 has had a feature since 2012 that solves remote development better than most alternatives - and almost nobody uses it. The Problem with SSH If you do remote development, you know the pain: SSH session dies, your work context vanishes Scrollback is whatever fits in the terminal buffer Copy/paste requires mental gymnastics (was that Cmd+C or did I just send SIGINT?) Multiple sessions means multiple terminal windows to manage Reconnecting means rebuilding your entire workspace The standard fix is tmux. Run it on the server, attach/detach, sessions persist. But now you're stuck with tmux's text-mode interface: its scrollback, its copy mode, its keybindings fighting with your local ones. The Hidden Gem: tmux Control Mode iTerm2 can speak tmux's control protocol. When you run tmux with -CC (control mode), instead of rendering a text-mode interface, tmux sends structured commands to iTerm2. The result: Each tmux window becomes a native iTerm2 tab Native scrollback - scroll with your trackpad, not Ctrl-b [ Native copy/paste - Cmd+C just works Native search - Cmd+F searches the buffer Sessions persist on the server Disconnect and reconnect - everything restores exactly One command: ssh server -t tmux -CC new-session -A -s main Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That's it. You now have a persistent remote workspace that feels like local tabs. Breaking Down the Command ssh server -t tmux -CC new-session -A -s main Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ssh server -t - force TTY allocation (needed for tmux) tmux -CC - start tmux in control mode new-session - create a new session -A - attach if session already exists (idempotent reconnection) -s main - name the session "main" (or whatever you want) The -A flag is key. Run this command whether you're connecting fresh or reconnecting. If the session exists, you attach. If not, you create it. Same command, always. The Setup 1. Create an Alias # In .zshrc or .bashrc alias tbox = "ssh box -t tmux -CC new-session -A -s main" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode One command to connect to your dev server. Session persists across disconnects. Done. 2. Create a Dedicated iTerm2 Profile I keep a separate profile for remote sessions: Different background color (subtle, but enough to know where you are) Larger scrollback buffer Different title to show the hostname Go to iTerm2 > Preferences > Profiles, duplicate your default, tweak the colors. When you're three tabs deep in a debugging session, the visual distinction prevents "wait, which machine am I on?" moments. 3. Handle Multiple Servers alias tbox = "ssh box -t tmux -CC new-session -A -s main" alias tprod = "ssh prod -t tmux -CC new-session -A -s main" alias tstaging = "ssh staging -t tmux -CC new-session -A -s main" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Each gets its own persistent session. Different profile colors if you want extra safety. What This Gives You Persistence : Your laptop sleeps, WiFi drops, you close the lid and go home. Reconnect tomorrow, every tab is exactly where you left it. Long-running processes keep running. Native scrollback : Scroll with your trackpad. Search with Cmd+F. Copy with Cmd+C. No mode switching, no tmux commands to remember. Tab management : Cmd+T for new tab (creates tmux window on server). Cmd+W to close. Cmd+1/2/3 to switch. Drag to reorder. It's just iTerm2. Simplicity : No extra software to install (tmux is already on most servers). No cloud service. No subscription. No new tool to learn. Trade-offs This isn't perfect for everything: Single machine : You're tied to iTerm2 on macOS. If you switch between Mac and Linux desktops, you can't use control mode from Linux. One client at a time : If you attach from two Macs simultaneously, things get weird. For shared sessions, use normal tmux. Learning curve : If a colleague connects to your server with regular tmux, they'll see the session but with different behavior. Worth documenting for your team. Nested tmux : If you run tmux locally AND use this, you need to be careful about prefix key conflicts. I don't run local tmux - this replaces it for remote work. Why Not [Insert New Terminal]? Every year brings a new "revolutionary" terminal: Warp with its AI features Ghostty (still in development at time of writing) Various Electron-based options Some are genuinely good. But each one is another tool to learn, configure, and trust with your workflow. iTerm2 + tmux: Has been stable for 10+ years Uses protocols and tools you already know Doesn't require trusting a new company with your terminal data Works today, will work in 2030 The best tool is often the one you already have. Quick Start Install iTerm2 (if you haven't) Ensure tmux is on your server ( apt install tmux or equivalent) Add the alias: alias tbox = "ssh yourserver -t tmux -CC new-session -A -s main" Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Run tbox iTerm2 will ask about tmux integration on first connect - accept it That's the entire setup. Conclusion The command : ssh server -t tmux -CC new-session -A -s main What it does : Persistent remote sessions with native Mac tabs, scrollback, and copy/paste Setup time : 2 minutes New tools to learn : Zero (if you already know SSH and basic tmux) Why it's underrated : Apple's documentation for this feature is buried, and tmux's documentation focuses on the traditional text-mode experience Remote development doesn't need to be complicated. SSH and tmux have been solving this problem for decades. iTerm2 just made them work together seamlessly. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Eugene Oleinik Follow Founder in Residence @AntlerGlobal. Ex-CTO 12Go (10yr). Building tools for developers. Singapore. 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https://legal.x.com/purchaser-terms | X Purchaser Terms of Service X Purchaser Terms of Service Download X Purchaser Terms of Service Terms for Paid Services X Premium Additional Terms Subscriptions Additional Terms Download X Purchaser Terms of Service X Purchaser Terms of Service goglobalwithtwitterbanner Terms for Paid Services X Premium Additional Terms Creator Subscriptions Additional Terms Premium Business and Premium Organizations Additional Terms Terms for Paid Services X Premium Additional Terms Creator Subscriptions Additional Terms Premium Business and Premium Organizations Additional Terms X Purchaser Terms of Service Effective: August 1, 2025 If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States, the following X Purchaser Terms of Service apply to you. If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, these X Purchaser Terms of Service apply to you. X Purchaser Terms of Service If you live outside the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom, including if you live in the United States X allows you to access certain features in exchange for payment of a one-time or recurring fee, as applicable to the relevant features (each a “ Paid Service ” and collectively the " Paid Services "). For example, X Premium (as defined below) and Subscriptions would each be considered a “Paid Service.” To the extent that you sign up for and/or use a Paid Service, your use of the Paid Services and any corresponding transactions are subject to: (i) the terms and conditions set forth herein, including the applicable terms and conditions for each Paid Service you purchase, each as listed below (collectively, the “ X Purchaser Terms of Service ”), and (ii) the applicable X Terms of Service , X Privacy Policy , X Rules and Policies , and all policies incorporated therein (collectively, the “ X User Agreement ”). This X Purchaser Terms of Service and the aforementioned X User Agreement shall be collectively referred to in this document as the “ Terms ”. “ X ” refers to the X entity that provides the Paid Services to you. Please read these X Purchaser Terms of Service carefully to make sure you understand the applicable terms, conditions and exceptions. IF YOU LIVE IN THE UNITED STATES, THESE TERMS CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION THAT APPLY TO YOU ABOUT RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES, INCLUDING A WAIVER OF YOUR RIGHT TO BRING CLAIMS AS CLASS ACTIONS, AND A LIMITATION ON YOUR RIGHT TO BRING CLAIMS AGAINST X MORE THAN 2 YEARS AFTER THE RELEVANT EVENTS OCCURRED, WHICH IMPACT YOUR RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IF ANY DISPUTE WITH X ARISES. SEE SECTION 6 UNDER GENERAL TERMS FOR DETAILS ON THESE PROVISIONS. Acceptance . By using or accessing a Paid Service(s) from X, submitting payment thereunder and/or clicking on a button to make a one-time purchase or recurring subscription payments for the Paid Service provided by X, you agree to be bound by the Terms. If you do not understand the Terms, or do not accept any part of them, then you may not use or access any Paid Services. To purchase and use a Paid Service you must: (i) be at least 18 years old or the age of majority as determined by the laws of the jurisdiction in which you live or (ii) have the express consent of your parent or guardian to purchase and use that Paid Service. If you are a parent or legal guardian and you allow your child (or a child that you are a guardian of) to purchase or use a Paid Service, you agree that the Terms apply to you, that you will abide by the Terms, and that you are responsible for the child’s activity on the Paid Services and for ensuring that the child also abides by the Terms. In any case, as stated in the Who May Use the Services section of the X Terms of Service, you must be at least 13 years old to use the X Service. If you are accepting these X Purchaser Terms of Service and using the Paid Services on behalf of a company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so and have the authority to bind such entity to these X Purchaser Terms of Service, in which case the words “you” and “your” as used in these X Purchaser Terms of Service shall refer to such entity. X Contracting Entity . You enter into these X Purchaser Terms of Service with the entity that corresponds to where you live, as listed below. This entity will provide the Paid Services to you. No other entity is bound to any obligations to you under these Purchaser Terms of Service. Your Location The continents of North America (including Hawaii) or South America Contracting Entity X Corp., with an office located at 865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA Your Location Any country not covered by the above two locations, including the Asia-Pacific region, Middle East, Africa or Europe (excluding EU countries, EFTA States and the United Kingdom) Contracting Entity X Global LLC, with its registered office at 701 S. Carson St., Suite 200, Carson City, NV 89701, USA Changes to Terms, Paid Services and Pricing 1. Changes to Terms. X may revise these X Purchaser Terms of Service from time to time, including for any business, financial, or legal reasons. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the X Purchaser Terms of Service, available at legal.x.com/purchaser-terms , will govern your use of Paid Services and any corresponding transactions. If we modify or revise these Terms after you have agreed to them (for example, if these terms are modified after you have purchased a subscription), we will notify you in advance of material revisions to these terms. Such notification may be provided electronically, including (and without limitation to) via a service notification or an email to the email address associated with your account. By continuing to access or use the Paid Services after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised X Purchaser Terms of Service. If you do not agree to abide by these or any future X Purchaser Terms of Service, do not use or access (or continue to use or access) the Paid Services. The X Purchaser Terms of Service are written in English but are made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Purchaser Terms of Service shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Purchaser Terms of Service. 2. Changes to Paid Services. Our Paid Services evolve constantly. As such, the Paid Services may change from time to time, at our discretion, including for any business, financial, or legal reasons. We may stop (permanently or temporarily) providing the Paid Services or any features within the Paid Services to you or to users generally with or without notice. X is not liable to you or to any third party for any modification, suspension or discontinuance of the Paid Services. The specific terms and conditions (included below) for the specific Paid Service specify how you can cancel a subscription or, when applicable, seek a refund. 3. Changes to Pricing. Prices for Paid Services, including recurring subscription fees, are subject to change from time to time, including for any business, financial, or legal reasons. X will provide reasonable advance notice of any material change to the price of Paid Services. For subscription services, price changes will take effect at the start of the next subscription period following the date of the price change. If you do not agree with a price change, you have the right to reject the change by cancelling your subscription to the applicable Paid Service prior to the price change going into effect. Payment Terms . X offers various payment options that may vary by Paid Service, your device and/or operating system, your geographic location, or other factors. To the extent available (as X may make various purchase methods available from time to time), these payment options may include the ability to use “In app payment” functionality offered by Google or Apple, or to make a web payment using X's third party payment processor, Stripe ( www.stripe.com - hereafter “ Stripe ”). When you make a payment, you explicitly agree: (i) to pay the price listed for the Paid Service, along with any additional amounts relating to applicable taxes, credit card fees, bank fees, foreign transaction fees, foreign exchange fees, and currency fluctuations; and (ii) to abide by any relevant terms of service, privacy policies, or other legal agreements or restrictions (including additional age restrictions) imposed by Google, Apple, or Stripe (as X's third party payment processor) in connection with your use of a given payment method (for example only, if you choose to make your payment via Apple’s in-app purchasing functionality, you agree to abide by any relevant terms, requirements, and/or restrictions imposed by Apple). Any private personal data that you provide in connection with your use of the Paid Services including, without limitation, any data provided in connection with payment, will be processed in accordance with the X Privacy Policy. X may share your payment information with payment services providers to process payments; prevent, detect, and investigate fraud or other prohibited activities; facilitate dispute resolution such as chargebacks or refunds; and for other purposes associated with the acceptance of credit cards, debit cards, or ACH. It is your responsibility to make sure your banking, credit card, debit card, and/or other payment information is up to date, complete and accurate at all times. If you make a payment for a Paid Service, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto- renew, what platform you made the purchase on, and other information. X will not be responsible or liable for any errors made or delays by a payment processor, Apple’s App Store or the Google Play Store, your bank, your credit card company, and/or any payment network. Please refer to each specific Paid Service Terms and Conditions below for payment terms applicable to that specific Paid Service, including how subscription renewals are handled and other important terms. Application of X User Agreement, Termination, No Refunds, Multiple X Accounts, and Restrictions 1. The X User Agreement Applies to You . YOU MUST ALWAYS FOLLOW AND COMPLY WITH THE X USER AGREEMENT. The X User Agreement always applies to your use of the X Service, including the Paid Services and features. Your failure to follow and comply with the X User Agreement, or X's belief that you have failed to follow and comply with the X User Agreement, may result in the cancellation of your Paid Services. Any such cancellation will be in addition to, and without limitation of, any enforcement action that X may take against you pursuant to the X User Agreement. In such instances you may lose the benefits of your Paid Services and you will not be eligible for a refund for any amounts you have paid (or pre-paid) for Paid Services. 2. Why X Might Terminate Your Access to Paid Services. X may suspend or terminate your access to Paid Service(s), cease providing you with all or part of the Paid Services, or take any other action it deems appropriate, including, for example, suspend your account, (without any liability) at any time for any or no reason, including, but not limited to any of the following reasons: a. X believes, in its sole discretion, that you have violated the Terms or your use of the Paid Service(s) would violate any applicable laws; b. X is requested or directed to do so by any competent court of law, regulatory authority, or law enforcement agency; c. X has unexpected technical or security issues; d. X believes, in its sole discretion, you have violated the X User Agreement; e. X believes, in its sole discretion, you are engaging in manipulation or other disruptive or prohibited conduct generally or in connection with the Paid Services; f. You create risk or possible legal exposure for X; g. Your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; h. Your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or i. Our provision of the Paid Services (in whole or in part) to you is no longer commercially viable (in X's sole discretion). 3. All Transactions Are Final. All payments for Paid Services are final and not refundable or exchangeable, except as required by applicable law. We make no guarantee as to the nature, quality, or value of a Paid Service or the availability or supply thereof. Refunds or credits are not provided for any unused or partially used Paid Service (for example, a partially used subscription period). 4. Paid Services Are Non-Transferable between X Accounts. Each purchase of a Paid Service applies to a single X account, meaning that your purchase will apply solely to the account you were using when you purchased the Paid Service and will not apply to other accounts that you may have access to, or control over. If you have or control multiple accounts and you want access to Paid Services on each account, you must purchase the Paid Service on each account individually. 5. Restrictions and Obligations. a. You may only purchase and use a Paid Service if you are legally allowed to use the Paid Service in your country and you live in a country supported by X for the applicable Paid Service. X may, in its discretion, restrict the ability to access or purchase a Paid Service in certain countries. X reserves the right to modify the list of supported countries from time to time. b. We reserve the right to refuse Paid Services transactions or to cancel or discontinue the sale or use of a Paid Service in our sole discretion. c. You may not allow others to use your X account to access any Paid Service that such person did not order. d. You may not purchase or use a Paid Service if you are a person with whom U.S. persons are not permitted to have dealings pursuant to economic sanctions, including, without limitation, sanctions administered by the United States Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control or any other applicable sanctions authority (" Prohibited Person "). This includes, without limitation, persons located in, or ordinarily resident in, the following countries and regions: Cuba, Iran, the Ukraine regions of Crimea, North Korea and Syria. You represent and warrant that you are not a Prohibited Person. e. YOU REPRESENT THAT YOU WILL USE THE PAID SERVICES ONLY FOR LAWFUL PURPOSES AND ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS. Taxes and fees . You are responsible for and agree to pay any applicable taxes, duties, tariffs, and fees related to the purchase of Paid Services, including those required to be paid to either X or a third-party payment processor. These taxes may include, but are not limited to, VAT, GST, sales tax, withholding tax, and any other applicable taxes. Depending on your location, X may be responsible for collecting and reporting information related to transaction taxes arising from your purchase of Paid Services. You grant X permission to provide your account and personal information to relevant tax authorities to fulfill our tax collection and reporting obligations. General Terms 1. Contact Information. If you have any questions about the Paid Services or these Terms, you can check out the X Paid Services Help Center for more details. If you’ve already purchased a Paid Service, you can also contact us via the support link available in the navigation menu of your X account under the payment or subscription settings. If you have additional questions, then you can contact us here by using the “Help with paid features” form. 2. DISCLAIMERS. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE PAID SERVICES IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE PAID SERVICES ARE PROVIDED TO YOU ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS. X DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. X MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION AND DISCLAIMS ALL RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY FOR: (I) THE COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, AVAILABILITY, TIMELINESS, SECURITY OR RELIABILITY OF THE PAID SERVICES; AND (II) WHETHER THE PAID SERVICES WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR BE AVAILABLE ON AN UNINTERRUPTED, SECURE, OR ERROR-FREE BASIS. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR USE OF THE X SERVICE, INCLUDING THE PAID SERVICES, AND ANY CONTENT YOU PROVIDE. 3. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE PAID SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY POSTED THROUGH THE PAID SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE PAID SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBT, THE DEFINITION OF PAID SERVICES IS LIMITED TO THE FEATURES OFFERED BY X AND DOES NOT INCLUDE ANY CONTENT YOU ACCESS AND/OR INTERACT WITH IN USING THOSE FEATURES. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID X, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE PAID SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. THE “X ENTITIES” REFERS TO X, ITS PARENTS, AFFILIATES, RELATED COMPANIES, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, AND LICENSORS. APPLICABLE LAW IN YOUR JURISDICTION MAY NOT ALLOW FOR CERTAIN LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY. TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW IN YOUR JURISDICTION, THE ABOVE DOES NOT LIMIT THE X ENTITIES’ LIABILITY FOR FRAUD, FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION, DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BY OUR NEGLIGENCE, GROSS NEGLIGENCE, AND/OR INTENTIONAL CONDUCT. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT ALLOWED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES’ MAXIMUM AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ANY NON-EXCLUDABLE WARRANTIES IS LIMITED TO ONE HUNDRED US DOLLARS (US$100.00). 4. Notice Regarding Apple. To the extent that you purchased the Paid Services or are using or accessing the Paid Services on an iOS device, you further acknowledge and agree to the terms of this Section. You acknowledge that the Terms are between you and us only, not with Apple, and Apple is not responsible for the Paid Services and the content thereof. Apple has no obligation whatsoever to furnish any maintenance and support service with respect to the Paid Services. In the event of any failure of the Paid Services to conform to any applicable warranty, then you may notify Apple and Apple will refund any applicable purchase price for the Paid Services to you; and, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Apple has no other warranty obligation whatsoever with respect to the Paid Services. Apple is not responsible for addressing any claims by you or any third-party relating to the Paid Services or your possession and/or use of the Paid Services, including, but not limited to: (i) product liability claims; (ii) any claim that the Paid Services fail to conform to any applicable legal or regulatory requirement; and (iii) claims arising under consumer protection or similar legislation. Apple is not responsible for the investigation, defense, settlement and discharge of any third-party claim that the Paid Services and/or your possession and use of the mobile application infringe that third-party’s intellectual property rights. You agree to comply with any applicable third-party terms when using the Paid Services. Apple, and Apple’s subsidiaries, are third-party beneficiaries of the Terms, and upon your acceptance of the Terms, Apple will have the right (and will be deemed to have accepted the right) to enforce the Terms against you as a third-party beneficiary of the Terms. You hereby represent and warrant that (i) you are not located in a country that is subject to a U.S. Government embargo, or that has been designated by the U.S. Government as a "terrorist supporting" country; and (ii) you are not listed on any U.S. Government list of prohibited or restricted parties. 5. Conflict. In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this X Purchaser Terms of Service and those of the X User Agreement, the provisions of this X Purchaser Terms of Service take precedence solely with respect to your use of a Paid Service. 6. DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND CLASS ACTION WAIVER a. Initial Dispute Resolution . Most disputes between you and X can be resolved informally. You may contact us by writing to Paid Support here . When you contact us, please provide a brief description of the nature and bases for your concerns, your contact information, and the specific relief you seek. The parties shall use their best efforts through this support process to settle disputes, claims, or controversies arising out of or relating to these Terms and/or your participation in the Program (individually a “ Dispute ,” or more than one, “ Disputes ”). You and we agree that good faith participation in this informal process is required and must be completed as set forth above before either party can initiate litigation regarding any Dispute, except with respect to requests for emergency injunctive relief (“ Exempted Dispute ”). If we cannot reach an agreed upon resolution with you regarding a Dispute (other than an Exempted Dispute) within a period of thirty (30) days from the time informal dispute resolution commences under the Initial Dispute Resolution provision above, then either you or we may initiate litigation. b. Choice of Law and Forum Selection . PLEASE READ THIS SECTION CAREFULLY – IT MAY SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT YOUR LEGAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING YOUR RIGHT TO FILE A LAWSUIT IN COURT. The laws of the State of Texas, excluding its choice of law provisions, will govern these Terms and any dispute that arises between you and us, notwithstanding any other agreement between you and us to the contrary. All disputes related to these Terms, including any disputes, claims, or controversies arising out of or relating to these Terms, will be brought exclusively in the federal or state courts located in Tarrant County, Texas, United States, and you consent to personal jurisdiction in those forums and waive any objection as to inconvenient forum. Without prejudice to the foregoing, you agree that, in its sole discretion, X may bring any claim, cause of action, or dispute we have against you in any competent court in the country in which you reside that has jurisdiction and venue over the claim. If you are a federal, state, or local government entity in the United States in your official capacity and legally unable to accept the controlling law, jurisdiction or venue clauses above, then those clauses do not apply to you. For such U.S. federal government entities, this Agreement and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the United States of America (without reference to conflict of laws) and, in the absence of federal law and to the extent permitted under federal law, the laws of the State of Texas (excluding choice of law). c. YOU HAVE TWO YEARS TO BRING A CLAIM AGAINST X . You must bring any claim against X arising out of or related to these Terms within two (2) years after the date of the occurrence of the event or facts giving rise to the dispute, unless applicable law provides that the normal statute of limitations for that claim may not be shortened by agreement. If you do not bring a claim within this period, you forever waive the right to pursue any claim or cause of action, of any kind or character, based on such events or facts, and such claims or causes of action are permanently banned, and X will have no liability with respect to such claim. d. Class Action Waiver . To the extent permitted by law, you also waive the right to participate as a plaintiff or class member in any purported class action, collective action or representative action proceeding. X Purchaser Terms of Service If you live in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom X allows you to access certain features in exchange for payment of a one-time or recurring fee, as applicable to the relevant features (each a “ Paid Service ” and collectively the " Paid Services "). For example, X Premium (as defined below) and Subscriptions would each be considered a “Paid Service.” To the extent that you sign up for and/or use a Paid Service, your use of the Paid Services and any corresponding transactions are subject to: (i) the terms and conditions set forth herein, including the applicable terms and conditions for each Paid Service you purchase, each as listed below (collectively, the “ X Purchaser Terms of Service ”), and (ii) the applicable X Terms of Service , X Privacy Policy , X Rules and Policies , and all policies incorporated therein (collectively, the “ X User Agreement ”). This X Purchaser Terms of Service and the aforementioned X User Agreement shall be collectively referred to in this document as the “ Terms ”. “ X ” refers to the X entity that provides the Paid Services to you. Please read these X Purchaser Terms of Service carefully to make sure you understand the applicable terms, conditions and exceptions. IF YOU LIVE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, EFTA STATES, OR THE UNITED KINGDOM, THESE TERMS CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION THAT APPLY TO YOU ABOUT RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES, INCLUDING A WAIVER OF YOUR RIGHT TO BRING CLAIMS AS CLASS ACTIONS, AND A LIMITATION ON YOUR RIGHT TO BRING CLAIMS AGAINST X MORE THAN 1 YEAR AFTER THE RELEVANT EVENTS OCCURRED, WHICH IMPACT YOUR RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IF ANY DISPUTE WITH X ARISES. SEE SECTION 6 UNDER GENERAL TERMS FOR DETAILS ON THESE PROVISIONS. Acceptance . By using or accessing a Paid Service(s) from X, submitting payment thereunder and/or clicking on a button to make a one-time purchase or recurring subscription payments for the Paid Service provided by X, you agree to be bound by the Terms. If you do not understand the Terms, or do not accept any part of them, then you may not use or access any Paid Services. To purchase and use a Paid Service you must: (i) be at least 18 years old or the age of majority as determined by the laws of the jurisdiction in which you live or (ii) have the express consent of your parent or guardian to purchase and use that Paid Service. If you are a parent or legal guardian and you allow your child (or a child that you are a guardian of) to purchase or use a Paid Service, you agree that the Terms apply to you, that you will abide by the Terms, and that you are responsible for the child’s activity on the Paid Services and for ensuring that the child also abides by the Terms. In any case, as stated in the Who May Use the Services section of the X Terms of Service, you must be at least 13 years old to use the X Service. If you are accepting these X Purchaser Terms of Service and using the Paid Services on behalf of a company, organization, government, or other legal entity, you represent and warrant that you are authorized to do so and have the authority to bind such entity to these X Purchaser Terms of Service, in which case the words “you” and “your” as used in these X Purchaser Terms of Service shall refer to such entity. X Contracting Entity . You enter into these X Purchaser Terms of Service with the entity that corresponds to where you live, as listed below. This entity will provide the Paid Services to you. No other entity is bound to any obligations to you under these Purchaser Terms of Service. Your Location The European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom Contracting Entity X Internet Unlimited Company, with its registered office at One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street, Dublin 2, D02 AX07 Ireland Changes to Terms, Paid Services and Pricing 1. Changes to Terms. X may revise these X Purchaser Terms of Service for a valid and reasonable basis from time to time. A valid and reasonable basis may include, (i) a change in our services, for example due to technical, security-related or operational developments, (ii) the elimination of technical errors, (iii) a change in our business, for example due to policy, financial or other directional changes, (iv) a change in the legal situation, for example due to a change in the law, a request from an official agency, or a decision by a court, and (v) the optimization of the user experience through the implementation of new features. The changes will not be retroactive, and the most current version of the X Purchaser Terms of Service, available at legal.x.com/purchaser-terms , will govern your use of Paid Services and any corresponding transactions. If we modify or revise these Terms after you have agreed to them (for example, if these terms are modified after you have purchased a subscription), we undertake to notify you up to 30 days (depending on the specific changes) in advance of the entry into force of material revisions to these terms while setting a reasonable deadline for the user with respect to the changes and notifying you of the consequences of continued use after the deadline has expired. Such notification may be provided electronically, including (and without limitation to) via a service notification or an email to the email address associated with your account. In case you continue to use the Paid Services after the aforementioned deadline expires, you agree to be bound by the revised X Purchaser Terms of Service. If you do not agree to the changes to the X Purchaser Terms of Service, you will have to stop using or accessing (or continue to use or access) the Paid Services. The X Purchaser Terms of Service are written in English but are made available in multiple languages through translations. X strives to make the translations as accurate as possible to the original English version. However, in case of any discrepancies or inconsistencies, the English language version of the X Purchaser Terms of Service shall take precedence. You acknowledge that English shall be the language of reference for interpreting and constructing the terms of the X Purchaser Terms of Service. 2. Changes to Paid Services. Our Paid Services and our products and services evolve constantly. X may change the Paid Services for a reasonable and valid basis. Such a valid and reasonable basis may include (i) technical, security-related or operational developments, (ii) the elimination of technical errors, (iii) compliance with a changed legal situation, for example due to a change in the law, a request from an official agency, or a decision by a court, (iv) the optimization of the user experience through the implementation of new features, and (v) a change in our business, for example due to policy, financial circumstances or other directional changes. We will notify you of any changes to the Paid Services up to 30 days before they take effect, for example by means of a service notification or an email sent to the email address linked to your account, specifying the characteristics and effective date of the changes and informing you of your eventual right to terminate the subscription. The deadline may be shortened in the event of safety-related changes. The following shall not be considered as changes to the Paid Services within the meaning of this provision: (i) changes that affect the fundamental nature of the Paid Services and the essential characteristics of the service to be provided by X, and (ii) the permanent discontinuation of services. X is not liable to you for any modification, suspension or discontinuance of the Paid Services. Where legally required, the aforementioned limitation of liability does not apply (i) to the compensation for foreseeable damage in cases of slightly negligent breach of duties, insofar as their fulfillment is essential for the proper execution of the contract and users can rely on their fulfillment (essential contractual obligations), by X or its legal representatives or vicarious agents, and (ii) the liability of X for (a) a damage resulting from harm to life, body or health as well as for damages caused by intent or gross negligence on the part of X, its legal representatives, or vicarious agents, and (b) a damage due to non-compliance with a guarantee or warranted characteristic or as a result of a fraudulently concealed defect. The specific terms and conditions (included below) for the specific Paid Service specify how you can cancel a subscription or, when applicable, seek a refund. 3. Changes to Pricing. Prices for Paid Services, including recurring subscription fees, are subject to change from time to time due to change in the costs relating to operation, maintenance, technical provision, business considerations, and fees charged by third parties or statutory fees, at our reasonable discretion. In the event of an increase in costs, X reserves the right to adjust the prices for chargeable services. X will notify you of any price changes in writing up to 30 days before they take effect, for example by means of a service notification or an email to the email address linked to your account, stating your rights and the consequences of not exercising them. In the event of a price change, you may terminate the subscription to the applicable Paid Service or the user agreement up to 24 hours before the start of your next billing cycle, provided the cancellation is made within 30 days of receiving the notification. Otherwise, the price change will take effect at the time specified in the notification. For subscription services, price changes will take effect at the start of the next subscription period following the date of the effectiveness of the price change. Payment Terms . X offers various payment options that may vary by Paid Service, your device and/or operating system, your geographic location, or other factors. To the extent available (as X may make various purchase methods available from time to time), these payment options may include the ability to use “In app payment” functionality offered by Google or Apple, or to make a web payment using X's third party payment processor, Stripe ( www.stripe.com - hereafter “ Stripe ”). When you make a payment, you explicitly agree: (i) to pay the price listed for the Paid Service, along with any additional amounts relating to applicable taxes, credit card fees, bank fees, foreign transaction fees, foreign exchange fees, and currency fluctuations; and (ii) to abide by any relevant terms of service, privacy policies, or other legal agreements or restrictions (including additional age restrictions) imposed by Google, Apple, or Stripe (as X's third party payment processor) in connection with your use of a given payment method (for example only, if you choose to make your payment via Apple’s in-app purchasing functionality, you agree to abide by any relevant terms, requirements, and/or restrictions imposed by Apple). Any private personal data that you provide in connection with your use of the Paid Services including, without limitation, any data provided in connection with payment, will be processed in accordance with the X Privacy Policy. X may share your payment information with payment services providers to process payments; prevent, detect, and investigate fraud or other prohibited activities; facilitate dispute resolution such as chargebacks or refunds; and for other purposes associated with the acceptance of credit cards, debit cards, or ACH. It is your responsibility to make sure your banking, credit card, debit card, and/or other payment information is up to date, complete and accurate at all times. If you make a payment for a Paid Service, we may receive information about your transaction such as when it was made, when a subscription is set to expire or auto- renew, what platform you made the purchase on, and other information. X will not be responsible or liable for any errors made or delays by a payment processor, Apple’s App Store or the Google Play Store, your bank, your credit card company, and/or any payment network. Please refer to each specific Paid Service Terms and Conditions below for payment terms applicable to that specific Paid Service, including how subscription renewals are handled and other important terms. Application of X User Agreement, Termination, No Refunds, Multiple X Accounts, and Restrictions 1. The X User Agreement Applies to You . YOU MUST ALWAYS FOLLOW AND COMPLY WITH THE X USER AGREEMENT. The X User Agreement always applies to your use of the X Service, including the Paid Services and features. Your failure to follow and comply with the X User Agreement, or X's belief that you have failed to follow and comply with the X User Agreement, may result in the cancellation of your Paid Services. Any such cancellation will be in addition to, and without limitation of, any enforcement action that X may take against you pursuant to the X User Agreement. In such instances you may lose the benefits of your Paid Services and you will not be eligible for a refund for any amounts you have paid (or pre-paid) for Paid Services. 2. Why X Might Terminate Your Access to Paid Services. X may suspend or terminate your access to Paid Service(s), cease providing you with all or part of the Paid Services, or take any other action it deems appropriate, including, for example, suspend your account, (without any liability) at any time for any or no reason, including, but not limited to any of the following reasonable grounds: a. X believes, in its sole discretion, that you have violated the Terms or your use of the Paid Service(s) would violate any applicable laws; b. X is requested or directed to do so by any competent court of law, regulatory authority, or law enforcement agency; c. X has unexpected technical or security issues; d. X believes, in its sole reasonable discretion, you have violated the X User Agreement; e. X believes for valid reasons such as if you are engaging in manipulation, gaming, or other disruptive or prohibited conduct in connection with the Paid Services; f. You create risk or possible legal exposure for X; g. Your account should be removed due to unlawful conduct; h. Your account should be removed due to prolonged inactivity; or i. Our provision of the Paid Services (in whole or in part) to you is no longer commercially viable (in X's sole discretion). 3. All Transactions Are Final. All payments for Paid Services are final and not refundable or exchangeable, except as required by applicable law. We make no guarantee as to the nature, quality, or value of a Paid Service or the availability or supply thereof. Refunds or credits are not provided for any unused or partially used Paid Service (for example, a partially used subscription period). 4. Paid Services Are Non-Transferable between X Accounts. Each purchase of a Paid Service applies to a single X account, meaning that your purchase will apply solely to the account you were using when you purchased the Paid Service and will not apply to other accounts that you may have access to, or control over. If you have or control multiple accounts and you want access to Paid Services on each account, you must purchase the Paid Service on each account individually. 5. Restrictions and Obligations. a. You may only purchase and use a Paid Service if you are legally allowed to use the Paid Service in your country and you live in a country supported by X for the applicable Paid Service. X may, in its discretion, restrict the ability to access or purchase a Paid Service in certain countries. X reserves the right to modify the list of supported countries from time to time. b. We reserve the right to refuse Paid Services transactions or to cancel or discontinue the sale or use of a Paid Service in our sole discretion. c. You may not allow others to use your X account to access any Paid Service that such person did not order. d. You may not purchase or use a Paid Service if you are a person with whom U.S. persons are not permitted to have dealings pursuant to economic sanctions, including, without limitation, sanctions administered by the United States Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control or any other applicable sanctions authority (" Prohibited Person "). This includes, without limitation, persons located in, or ordinarily resident in, the following countries and regions: Cuba, Iran, the Ukraine regions of Crimea, North Korea and Syria. You represent and warrant that you are not a Prohibited Person. e. YOU REPRESENT THAT YOU WILL USE THE PAID SERVICES ONLY FOR LAWFUL PURPOSES AND ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS. Taxes and fees . You are responsible for and agree to pay any applicable taxes, duties, tariffs, and fees related to the purchase of Paid Services, including those required to be paid to either X or a third-party payment processor. These taxes may include, but are not limited to, VAT, GST, sales tax, withholding tax, and any other applicable taxes. Depending on your location, X may be responsible for collecting and reporting information related to transaction taxes arising from your purchase of Paid Services. You grant X permission to provide your account and personal information to relevant tax authorities to fulfill our tax collection and reporting obligations. General Terms 1. Contact Information. If you have any questions about the Paid Services or these Terms, you can check out the X Paid Services Help Center for more details. If you’ve already purchased a Paid Service, you can also contact us via the support link available in the navigation menu of your X account under the payment or subscription settings. If you have additional questions, then you can contact us here by using the “Help with paid features” form. 2. DISCLAIMERS. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, YOUR ACCESS TO AND USE OF THE PAID SERVICES IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE PAID SERVICES ARE PROVIDED TO YOU ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS. X DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. X MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION AND DISCLAIMS ALL RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY FOR: (I) THE COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, AVAILABILITY, TIMELINESS, SECURITY OR RELIABILITY OF THE PAID SERVICES; AND (II) WHETHER THE PAID SERVICES WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR BE AVAILABLE ON AN UNINTERRUPTED, SECURE, OR ERROR-FREE BASIS. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR USE OF THE X SERVICE, INCLUDING THE PAID SERVICES, AND ANY CONTENT YOU PROVIDE. 3. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM (i) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE PAID SERVICES; (ii) ANY CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY POSTED THROUGH THE PAID SERVICES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DEFAMATORY, OFFENSIVE OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES; (iii) ANY CONTENT OBTAINED FROM THE PAID SERVICES; OR (iv) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE OR ALTERATION OF YOUR TRANSMISSIONS OR CONTENT. FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBT, THE DEFINITION OF PAID SERVICES IS LIMITED TO THE FEATURES OFFERED BY X AND DOES NOT INCLUDE ANY CONTENT YOU ACCESS AND/OR INTERACT WITH IN USING THOSE FEATURES. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF THE X ENTITIES EXCEED THE GREATER OF ONE HUNDRED EUROS (€100.00) OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID X, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS FOR THE PAID SERVICES GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE LIMITATIONS OF THIS SUBSECTION SHALL APPLY TO ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, STATUTE, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT THE X ENTITIES HAVE BEEN INFORMED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGE, AND EVEN IF A REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN IS FOUND TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. THE “X ENTITIES” REFERS TO X, ITS PARENTS, AFFILIATES, RELATED COMPANIES, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, AND LICENSORS. APPLICABLE LAW IN YOUR JURISDICTION MAY NOT ALLOW FOR CERTAIN LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY. TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW IN YOUR JURISDICTION, THE ABOVE DOES NOT LIMIT THE X ENTITIES’ LIABILITY FOR FRAUD, FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION, DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BY OUR NEGLIGENCE, GROSS NEGLIGENCE, AND/OR INTENTIONAL CONDUCT. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT ALLOWED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, THE X ENTITIES’ MAXIMUM AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ANY NON-EXCLUDABLE WARRANTIES IS LIMITED TO ONE HUNDRED EUROS (€100.00). 4. Notice Regarding Apple. To the extent that you purchased the Paid Services or are using or accessing the Paid Services on an iOS device, you further acknowledge and agree to the terms of this Section. You acknowledge that the Terms are between you and us only, not with Apple, and Apple is not responsible for the Paid Services and the content thereof. Apple has no obligation whatsoever to furnish any maintenance and support service with respect to the Paid Services. In the event of any failure of the Paid Services to conform to any applicable warranty, then you may notify Apple and Apple will refund any applicable purchase price for the Paid Services to you; and, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Apple has no other warranty obligation whatsoever with respect to the Paid Services. Apple is not responsible for addressing any claims by you or any third-party relating to the Paid Services or your possession and/or use of the Paid Services, including, but not limited to: (i) product liability claims; (ii) any claim that the Paid Services fail to conform to any applicable legal or regulatory requirement; and (iii) claims arising under consumer protection or similar legislation. Apple is not responsible for the investigation, defense, settlement and discharge of any third-party claim that the Paid Services and/or your possession and use of the mobile application infringe that third-party’s intellectual property rights. You agree to comply with any applicable third-party terms when using the Paid Services. Apple, and Apple’s subsidiaries, are third-party beneficiaries of the Terms, and upon your acceptance of the Terms, Apple will have the right (and will be deemed to have accepted the right) to enforce the Terms against you as a third-party beneficiary of the Terms. You hereby represent and warrant that (i) you are not located in a country that is subject to a U.S. Government embargo, or that has been designated by the U.S. Government as a "terrorist supporting" country; and (ii) you are not listed on any U.S. Government list of prohibited or restricted parties. 5. Conflict. In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this X Purchaser Terms of Service and those of the X User Agreement, the provisions of this X Purchaser Terms of Service take precedence solely with respect to your use of a Paid Service. 6. DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND CLASS ACTION WAIVER a. Initial Dispute Resolution . Most disputes between you and X can be resolved informally. You may contact us by writing to Paid Support here . When you contact us, please provide a brief description of the nature and bases for your concerns, your contact information, and the specific relief you seek. The parties shall use their best efforts through this support process to settle disputes, claims, or controversies arising out of or relating to these Terms and/or your participation in the Program (individually a “ Dispute ,” or more than one, “ Disputes ”). You and we agree that good faith participation in this informal process is required and must be completed as set forth above before either party can initiate litigation regarding any Dispute, except with respect to requests for emergency injunctive relief (“ Exempted Dispute ”). If we cannot reach an agreed upon resolution with you regarding a Dispute (other than an Exempted Dispute) within a period of thirty (30) days from the time informal dispute resolution commences under the Initial Dispute Resolution provision above, then either you or we may initiate litigation. b. Choice of Law and Forum Selection . PLEASE READ THIS SECTION CAREFULLY – IT MAY SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT YOUR LEGAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING YOUR RIGHT TO FILE A LAWSUIT IN COURT. To the extent permitted by law, all disputes related to these Terms, including any disputes, claims, or controversies arising out of or relating to these Terms will be brought exclusively before a competent court in Ireland without regard to conflict of law provisions a | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://developer.x.com/developer-terms/policy | Developer Policy – X Developers | X Developer Platform <g> <g> <defs> <rect id="SVGID_1_" x="-468" y="-1360" width="1440" height="3027" /> </defs> <clippath id="SVGID_2_"> <use xlink:href="#SVGID_1_" style="overflow:visible;" /> </clippath> </g> </g> <rect x="-468" y="-1360" class="st0" width="1440" height="3027" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0,0);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" /> <path d="M13.4,12l5.8-5.8c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0L12,10.6L6.2,4.8c-0.4-0.4-1-0.4-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4 l5.8,5.8l-5.8,5.8c-0.4,0.4-0.4,1,0,1.4c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l5.8-5.8l5.8,5.8c0.2,0.2,0.5,0.3,0.7,0.3 s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1,0-1.4L13.4,12z" /> </svg>" data-icon-chevron-right="<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="none" class="twtr-icon"> <path opacity="0" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" /> <path d="M17.207 11.293l-7.5-7.5c-.39-.39-1.023-.39-1.414 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Portal","path":"https://developer.twitter.com/en/portal/petition/essential/basic-info"}]" data-cta-enabled="true" data-profile-enabled="true" data-cta-link-new-tab="false" data-root-page-title="Developer Platform"> Developer terms Developer Policy Let's get started X + Developers Using this policy X + Developers Using this policy X + Developers X loves developers. We’re delighted and amazed by the tools and services this community creates by harnessing the power of X data. As part of our commitment to this community, we aim to provide data access that is open and fair for developers, safe for people on X, and beneficial for the X platform as a whole. To further these goals we’ve crafted the Developer Policy as a guide to help people understand our rules and expectations about appropriate API and X Content usage. This Developer Policy (“ Policy ”) provides rules and guidelines for developers who interact with X’s ecosystem of applications, services, website, web pages and content. It is part of your contract with X governing access to and use of the X API and X Content (either as part of the Developer Agreement or other written agreement with X). Policy violations are considered violations of your agreement. This Policy may be changed from time to time without notice. Capitalized terms used in this Policy, which are not defined in this Policy, will have the respective meanings ascribed to them in the Developer Agreement or the Master License Agreement. Using this policy We’ve structured this policy to make it as easy to follow as possible. Please keep information from the following policy sections top of mind as you use the X API and X Content: 1. Set Yourself Up for Success - You are responsible for complying with all X policies. It’s important that you review and understand this Policy, as well as the policies we link to in this document, before you access the X API and X Content. The time spent reviewing our policies may save you hours of rework down the road. 2. Privacy and Control are Essential - Protecting and defending the privacy of people on X is built into the core DNA of our company. As such, we prohibit the use of X data in any way that would be inconsistent with people’s reasonable expectations of privacy. By building on the X API or accessing X Content, you have a special role to play in safeguarding this commitment, most importantly by respecting people’s privacy and providing them with transparency and control over how their data is used. 3. Follow the Platform Usage Guidelines - Getting approved to access the X API and X Content is just the first step. Our Platform Usage Guidelines should be your first stop anytime you have questions about how to ensure policy compliance for your planned use of the X platform. We’ve provided a lot more detail on what each of these three key sections mean below. Please review them carefully to ensure that your usage of the X API and X Content is consistent with our policies. If we believe you are in violation of this Policy (or any other X policy), we may suspend or permanently revoke your access to the X API and X Content. Finally, please note that X may monitor your use of the X API to improve the X Applications, to examine any commercial use, and to ensure your compliance with your approved use case and this Policy. Thanks for reading, and thank you for building with us! We look forward to seeing what you create! Chapter 1 Set yourself up for success Set yourself up for success Set yourself up for success Set yourself up for success You can avoid many potential pitfalls while using the X API by ensuring that your service has been built the right way from day 1. This section of the Developer Policy contains rules that all developers must follow before using the X API or X Content. The Free, Basic, and Pro plans (as described at developer.x.com/en ) are designed for hobbyists, commercial prototyping, early-stage X product integrations, and supporting applications with limited end-users. If you use the X API and X Content beyond this scope, then you must apply (or already subscribe to) an Enterprise plan (as described at developer.x.com/en ). We review all proposed uses of the X developer platform to verify policy compliance — so you’re required to disclose (and update, as applicable) your planned use of the X API and X Content in order to be granted and to maintain access. All new developers must apply for a developer account to access the X API. Current developers without an approved developer account must apply for one as directed to do so by X. As part of this process, you’ll need to provide us with a written description of your intended uses of the X API and X Content. Your use case description is binding on you, and any substantive deviation from it may constitute a violation of our rules and result in enforcement action. You must notify us of any substantive modification to your use case and receive approval before you may begin using X Content for that new purpose. Failure to do so may result in suspension and termination of your API and data access. By building on the X API or accessing X Content, you must comply with ALL X policies. These include this Developer Policy , the Automation Rules , the Display Requirements , the API Restricted Uses Rules , the X Rules , and the X Brand Resources , as well as any other agreements you enter into with X relating to your use of the X API or X Content, including but not limited to the Developer Agreement or a Master Licensing Agreement or Order (as applicable). You must also comply with any modifications to these policies and any new policies launched by X. It is your responsibility to monitor the use of your service and to design your service to prevent violations of X policy by people who use it. Failure to do so may result in suspension or termination of your API and X Content access. You may not register multiple applications for a single use case or substantially similar or overlapping use cases. In this context, a “use case” is a consistent set of analyses, displays, or actions performed via an application. "White label" versions of a tool or service are not permissible. If you plan to “white label” versions of your application, you must notify and receive separate approval from us. As a single exception to these rules, you may create and use a maximum of 3 applications for development, staging, and production instances of the same service. These apps must be registered to a single account, and should be clearly identified (in the name and description) as dev, staging, and prod instances of a single service. You may not use development or staging applications for production purposes. You must keep all API keys or other access credentials private. You may not use, and may not encourage or facilitate others to use, API keys or other access credentials owned by others. Your license agreement with X limits your use of the X API and X Content. Among other things, the X API has rate limits which help to ensure fair data usage and to combat spam on the platform. You may not exceed or circumvent rate limits, or any other limitations or restrictions described in this Policy or your agreement with X, listed on the Developer Site , or communicated to you by X. You may not remove or alter any proprietary notices or marks on X Content received via the X API. This helps to make sure that people know where X Content is coming from, and who it belongs to. For data integrity and platform health reasons, you may not interfere with, intercept, disrupt, or disable any features of the X API or the X service. In other words, use the APIs as intended and documented on developer.x.com . Refer to our HackerOne guidelines for more details about acceptable use. Chapter 2 Privacy and control are essential Privacy and control are essential Consent & permissions Content compliance Off-X matching Your privacy policy Using geo-data X passwords Privacy and control are essential Consent & permissions Content compliance Off-X matching Your privacy policy Using geo-data X passwords Privacy and control are essential X takes privacy seriously, and we expect everyone using X Content and the X API to do the same. Any use of the X developer platform, X API, or X Content in a manner that is inconsistent with peoples’ reasonable expectations of privacy may be subject to enforcement action, which can include suspension and termination of API and X Content access. Your commitment to privacy and control must extend to all uses of X Content and all aspects of the service that you build using our API. To that end, the people using your service must understand and consent to how you use their data, and how you access X on their behalf. This can be accomplished through providing people with a clear, comprehensive, and transparent privacy policy, as well as ensuring that you get express and informed consent from each person using your service before taking any action on their behalf. Please note that a person authenticating into your service does not by itself constitute consent. Consent & permissions In particular, you must get express and informed consent from people before doing any of the following: Taking any actions on their behalf. This includes (but is not limited to): Posting content to X Following/unfollowing accounts Modifying profile or account information Adding hashtags or any other content to Posts Republishing content accessed by means other than via the X API or other X tools Using someone’s X Content to promote a product or service Storing non-public content such as Direct Messages (DMs), or any other private or confidential information Sharing or publishing protected content, or any other private or confidential information If your service allows people to post content to X you must do the following before publishing: Show exactly what will be published Make it clear to people using your service what geo information (if any) will be added to the content If your service allows people to post content to both your service and X, you must do the following before publishing: Obtain permission to post the content Explain where you will post the content You must respect the protected and blocked status of all X Content. You may not serve content obtained using one person’s authentication token to a different person who is not authorized to view that content. Protected accounts: A protected account ’s content is only available to people who have been approved by the owner to follow that account. So, if you run a service that accesses protected accounts, you may only do so to serve such content to the specific people with permission to view that content. Blocked accounts: People on X are able to block access to their accounts for any reason they choose. Commingling information obtained from tokens (or any other API-based action) to bypass this choice is not permitted. As Direct Messages (DMs) are non-public in nature, services that provide DM features must take extra steps to safeguard personal privacy. You may not serve DM content to people who are not authorized to view that content. If your service provides DM functionality you must also: Notify people if you send read receipt events for DMs. You can do this by providing a notice directly in your service, or by displaying read receipts from other participants in a conversation. Get consent before configuring media to be sent in a DM as "shared" (i.e. reusable across multiple DMs). If you do allow media in a DM to be “shared,” you must provide a clear notice that this content will be accessible to anyone with the media’s URL. Content compliance If you store X Content offline, you must keep it up to date with the current state of that content on X. Specifically, you must delete or modify any content you have if it is deleted or modified on X. This must be done as soon as reasonably possible, or within 24 hours after receiving a request to do so by X or the applicable X account owner, or as otherwise required by your agreement with X or applicable law. This must be done unless otherwise prohibited by law, and only then with the express written permission of X. Modified content can take various forms. This includes (but is not limited to): Content that has been made private or gained protected status Content that has been suspended from the platform Content that has had geotags removed from it Content that has been withheld or removed from X Off-X matching We limit the circumstances under which you may match a person on X to information obtained or stored off-X. Off-X matching involves associating X Content, including a X @handle or user ID, with a person, household, device, browser, or other off-X identifier. You may only do this if you have express opt-in consent from the person before making the association, or as described below. In situations in which you don’t have a person’s express, opt-in consent to link their Xidentity to an off-X identifier, we require that any connection you draw be based only on information that someone would reasonably expect to be used for that purpose. In addition, absent a person’s express opt-in consent you may only attempt to match your records about someone to a X identity based on: Information provided directly to you by the person. Note that records about individuals with whom you have no prior relationship, including data about individuals obtained from third parties, do not meet this standard; and/or Public data. “Public data” in this context refers to: Information about a person that you obtained from a public, generally-available resource (such as a directory of members of a professional association) Information on X about a person that is publicly available, including: Posts Profile information, including an account bio and publicly-stated location Display name and @handle Your privacy policy You must display your service’s privacy policy to people before they are permitted to download, install, or sign up to your service. It must disclose at least the following information: The information that you collect from people who use your service How you use and share that information (including with X) How people can contact you with inquiries and requests regarding their information Your privacy policy must be consistent with all applicable laws, and be no less protective of people than X’s Privacy Policy and the privacy policy of our other services and corporate affiliates . You must cease your access to the X API and the use of all X Content if you are unable to comply with your and/or X’s Privacy Policy. Using geo-data Use of geo data comes with additional restrictions due to the sensitive nature of this information. If your service adds location information to Posts, you must disclose to people: When you add location information Whether you add location information as a geotag or annotations data Whether your location information is listed as a place, or as geographic coordinates If your application allows people to post with their location you must comply with X’s geo guidelines in full. Any use of location data or geographic information on a standalone basis is prohibited. You may not (and may not permit others to) store, aggregate, or cache location data and other geographic information contained in X Content, except as part of a Post. For example, you may not separate location data or geographic information out from Posts to show where individuals have been over time. Heat maps and related tools that show aggregated geo activity (e.g., the number of people in a city using a hashtag) are permitted. X passwords You may not store X passwords, or request that people provide their X password, account credentials, or developer application information (including consumer key) to you directly. We suggest the use of Sign-in with X as the authentication tool to link your service and people on X. Chapter 3 Platform usage guidelines Platform usage guidelines Spam, bots, and automation X performance benchmarking Public display of Posts Content redistribution Pay to engage Service authenticy X name, logo, and likeness Advertising on X Platform usage guidelines Spam, bots, and automation X performance benchmarking Public display of Posts Content redistribution Pay to engage Service authenticy X name, logo, and likeness Advertising on X Platform usage guidelines Have you taken care to review X’s policies and set up your API access the right way? Does your service follow X’s privacy and control guidelines? If you can answer yes to these two questions, then you are ready to start using the X API and X Content. X’s Platform Usage Guidelines provide the assistance needed to ensure that your use of X Content is compliant from day 1 throughout the lifecycle of your service. We suggest reviewing these rules on a regular basis to make sure that your integration is operating in a way that is safe and beneficial to people on X and the X platform as a whole. Spam, bots, and automation The use of the X API and developer products to create spam, or engage in any form of platform manipulation, is prohibited. You should review the X Rules on platform manipulation and spam , and ensure that your service does not, and does not enable people to, violate our policies. Services that perform write actions, including posting Posts, following accounts, or sending Direct Messages, must follow the Automation Rules . In particular, you should: Always get explicit consent before sending people automated replies or Direct Messages Immediately respect requests to opt-out of being contacted by you Never perform bulk, aggressive, or spammy actions, including bulk following Never post identical or substantially similar content across multiple accounts If you’re operating an API-based bot account you must clearly indicate what the account is and who is responsible for it. You should never mislead or confuse people about whether your account is or is not a bot. A good way to do this is by including a statement that the account is a bot in the profile bio. X performance benchmarking You may not use the X API to measure the availability, performance, functionality, or usage of X for benchmarking, competitive, or commercial purposes. For example, you should never use the X API to: Calculate aggregate X metrics, such as the total number of Monthly Actives (MAs) or Daily Actives (DAs) Calculate aggregate X Post metrics, such as the total number of Posts posted per day, or the number of account engagements Measure or analyze the responsiveness of X Measure or analyze spam or security on X, except as permitted below We support research that helps improve conversational health on X. You may not publicly disclose any research or findings concerning, or develop, create, or offer services using, the X API or X Content that measure, analyze, or attempt to identify behaviors or content which violate X policies without express written permission from X. DSA Researchers: If you need to contact X relating to access under Art. 40 of the Digital Services Act, please contact EU-Questions@X.com . If you wish to apply for researcher access, please submit an application . Public display of Posts You must maintain the integrity of all X Content that you display publicly or to people who use your service. If you don’t use X for Websites to display content, then you must use the X API to retrieve the most current version available for display. If displayed content ceases to be available through the X API, then you must remove it from your service as soon as reasonably possible, or within 24 hours after the receipt of a removal request from X, or the applicable X account owner, or as otherwise required by applicable law. There are specific rules you must follow if you display X Content offline. Follow the guidelines for using Posts in broadcast if you display Posts offline. If you embed or display Posts, you must contact us about your X API access if your site exceeds 10 million daily impressions. X reserves the right to require additional terms as a condition to your use of the X API. Additional restrictions on X for Websites developer use include: Embedded Posts and/or embedded timelines You must provide people with legally sufficient notice that fully discloses X’s collection and use of data about browsing activities on your website, including for interest-based advertising and personalization. You must also obtain legally sufficient consent from people for such collection and use You must provide legally sufficient instructions on how people can opt out of X’s interest-based advertising and personalization as described here X for Websites widgets You must ensure that people are provided with clear and comprehensive information about, and consent to, the storing and accessing of cookies or other information on their devices as described in X’s cookie use , where providing such information and obtaining such consent is required by law Services targeted to children under 13 Services targeted to children under 13 must opt out of tailoring X in any embedded Post and/or embedded timelines by setting the opt-out parameter to be ‘true’ as described here Content redistribution The best place to get X Content is directly from X. Consequently, we restrict the redistribution of X Content to third parties. If you provide X Content to third parties, including downloadable datasets or via an API, you may only distribute Post IDs, Direct Message IDs, and/or User IDs (except as described below). In total, you may not distribute more than 1,500,000 Post IDs to any entity (inclusive of multiple individuals associated with a single entity) within any 30 day period unless you have received written permission from X. In addition, developers may provide up to 500 public Posts Objects and/or User Objects to each person who uses your service on a daily basis if this is done via non-automated means (e.g., download of spreadsheets or PDFs). Academic researchers are permitted to distribute Post IDs and/or User IDs solely for the purposes of non-commercial research on behalf of an academic institution, and that has been approved by X in writing, or peer review or validation of such research. Only as many Post IDs or User IDs that is necessary for such research, and has been approved by X may be used. Any X Content provided to third parties remains subject to this Policy, and those third parties must agree to the X Terms of Service , Privacy Policy , Developer Agreement , and Developer Policy before receiving such downloads. You may not enable any entity to circumvent any other limitations or restrictions on the distribution of X Content as contained in this Policy , the Developer Agreement , or any other agreement with X. Note: This Section does not apply to researchers with X API access via Art. 40 of the EU Digital Services Act (2022) (“ DSA ”), who are instead subject to the procedures and restrictions set forth in the DSA and the Developer Agreement. Pay to engage Your service shouldn’t compensate people to take actions on X, as that results in inauthentic engagement that degrades the health of the platform. As you use the X API you may not sell or receive monetary or virtual compensation for any X actions. This includes, but is not limited to, Posts, follows, unfollows, reposts, likes, comments, and replies. Service authenticity You must clearly identify your service so that people can understand its source and purpose. Don’t use names, logos, or URLs that mask your service’s identity and features, or that falsely imply an affiliation with X or third parties. Note that creating applications for the purpose of selling names, or to prevent others from using names, is prohibited. You may not use any URL (including shortened URLs) for your service that directs people to: A site that is unrelated to your service A spam or malware site A site that encourages people to violate X policy X name, logo, and likeness You may only use and display the X name and logo to identify X as the source of X Content. You should never use the X name and logo, the X Official Partner Program badge, or any other similar marks or names in a manner that creates a false sense of endorsement, sponsorship, or association with X. The X Brand Resources contain detailed information to help you use the X brand in the right way. You may only use the X Verified Account badge and any other enhanced account categorization as it is reported to you by X through the API. This helps people know that the content your service displays is equivalent to that shown on X. Advertising on X There are restrictions regarding how and where you are allowed to advertise around X Content. To start, your advertisements can’t resemble or reasonably be confused by people as a Post. Other rules on advertising include: There must be a clear separation between X Content and your advertisements. You may not place any advertisements within the X timeline other than X Ads. X reserves the right to serve advertising via the X API. If you decide to serve X Ads once we start delivering them via the API, we will share a portion of advertising revenue with you in accordance with the relevant terms and conditions. You may not use X Content, or information obtained from the X API to target people with advertising outside of the X platform. Chapter 4 Rules for specific X services or features X login X Cards Definitions X login X Cards Definitions The following additional rules apply for any use of the X services or features listed below: X login You must present people with easy to find options to log into and out of X, for example via the OAuth protocol. The Sign in with X option must be displayed at least as prominently as any other sign-up or sign-in feature on your service. You must also provide people without a X account the opportunity to create one via X. Once someone on your service authenticates via Sign in with X you must clearly display their X identity. X identity includes the person’s current X @handle, avatar, and X logo. Any display of someone’s X followers on your service must clearly show that the relationship is associated with X. X Cards To ensure a quality experience you must develop your Card to render across all platforms where Cards are displayed. Additional rules that you must follow when using Cards include: You must mark your Post as ‘true’ for sensitive media if you plan to display such media within a Card You must use HTTPS for hosting all assets within your Card. Your Card should never generate active mixed content browser warnings Audio and video content should include stop or pause controls, and default to ‘sound off’ for videos that automatically play content You may not exceed or circumvent X’s limitations placed on any Cards, including the Card’s intended use. Additional restrictions on Cards use include: You may not place third-party sponsored content within Cards without X’s approval You may not attach monetary incentives (including virtual currency) within your Card or on X from your Card You may not include content or actions within your Card that are misleading or not contextually relevant, such as URLs and media You may only attach an App Card to a Post when someone is explicitly promoting or referring to the app in the Post Definitions X Content ‒ Posts, Post IDs, X end user profile information, and any other data and information made available to you through the X API or by any other means authorized by X, and any copies and derivative works thereof. Developer Site ‒ X’s developer site located at https://developer.x.com . Services ‒ Your websites, applications and other offerings that display X Content or otherwise use the Licensed Material as explicitly approved by X. Post ID ‒ A unique identification number generated for each Post. Post ‒ A posting made on X Applications. “X” ‒ Means (a) X Corp. (865 FM 1209, Building 2, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA) if your principal place of business is outside the European Union, EFTA States, and the United Kingdom; or (b) X Internet Unlimited Company (One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street, Dublin 2, D02 AX07, Ireland) if your principal place of business is in the European Union, EFTA States, or the United Kingdom. Direct Message - A message that is privately sent on X Applications by one end user to one or more specific end user(s) using X’s Direct Message function. X API ‒ The X Application Programming Interface (“API”), Software Development Kit (“SDK”) and/or the related documentation, data, code, and other materials provided by X with the API, as updated from time to time, including without limitation through the Developer Site. X Applications ‒ X’s consumer facing products, services, applications, websites, web pages, platforms, and other offerings, including without limitation, those offered via https://x.com and X's mobile applications. Developer policy and terms Follow @XDevelopers Subscribe to developer news X platform X.com Status Accessibility Embed a post Privacy Center Transparency Center Download the X app Try Grok.com X Corp. About the company Company news Brand toolkit Jobs and internships Investors Help Help Center Using X X for creators Ads Help Center Managing your account Email Preference Center Rules and policies Contact us Developer resources Developer home Documentation Forums Communities Developer blog Engineering blog Developer terms Business resources Advertise X for business Resources and guides X for marketers Marketing insights Brand inspiration X Ads Academy © 2026 X Corp. Cookies Privacy Terms and conditions Did someone say … cookies? 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http://browsehappy.com/ | Browse Happy Browse Happy 同时提供了英语版。 点击此处更换语言为英语 。 Browse Happy 即时，无负担。 立即升级您的浏览器吧 ！ Google Chrome “Google 全新推出的高速浏览器。” 最新版本： 144 浏览官方网站 Mozilla Firefox “Firefox 注重您的信息安全。汇聚各种全新特性，给你更好的上网体验！” 最新版本： 146 浏览官方网站 Safari “Safari 是苹果公司充满创新设计的产品，可用于 Mac 和 Windows。” 最新版本： 26.2 浏览官方网站 Vivaldi “Powerful. Personal. Private. It’s a web browser. But fun, with clever features.” 最新版本： 7.7 浏览官方网站 Microsoft Edge Microsoft Edge 在现实世界页面载入测试中排名第一。不管您使用网络来搜寻、观看还是游戏，这个浏览器都不会减缓您的速度。 最新版本： 134 浏览官方网站 Brave “The Brave browser is a fast, private and secure web browser for PC, Mac and mobile.” 最新版本： 1.85 浏览官方网站 什么是 Browse Happy？ 使用老旧浏览器会对您的计算机安全造成威胁。用户可以使用 Browse Happy 来了解主流浏览器，及其版本信息。 分享更换浏览器的快乐 Tumblr X Facebook 以上内容由 WordPress 为您提供 | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/integrations/grafana-integration/overview | Overview Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Integrations / Grafana Integration / Overview Overview We support integrating with Grafana to visualize metrics from your applications frontend and backend. Track network request latency, application errors, and backend traces all in one place. You'll get customization into aggregate query types (p50, p99, etc.) for performance and availability metrics automatically captured from our SDKs, with the ability to report custom metrics and traces as well. How it works We expose a Grafana Data Source that you can configure in your own self-hosted or cloud-managed Grafana instance. Once you have your highlight.io account connected, you can build your own dashboards and write queries to our API. We also support exposing our backing analytics data store, ClickHouse, so that your team can write SQL queries and get raw access to slice / dice the data. Setup Installing and Configuring the highlight.io data source plugin. Visualizations Using the query editor for your sessions, errors, logs, and traces. Alerting Set up alerts using metrics on your highlight.io data. Grafana Integration Setup Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#tls-ssl-overhead | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/bingkahu/how-i-built-a-serverless-p2p-chat-with-zero-backend-2ac6 | How I Built a Serverless P2P Chat with Zero Backend 🚀 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse bingkahu Posted on Jan 11 How I Built a Serverless P2P Chat with Zero Backend 🚀 # javascript # webdev # opensource # p2p The Concept I wanted to build a chat application that doesn't rely on a central database or server. No messages are stored in the cloud—they travel directly from one browser to another. How it Works Using PeerJS and WebRTC , CodeChat creates a direct link between nodes. Decentralized: No middleman. Glassmorphism UI: A sleek, modern dark theme. Identity Vault: Local authentication simulated via browser storage. Why Contribute? I've just open-sourced the project and I'm looking for help with: File Sharing: Implementing P2P data transfer. End-to-End Encryption: Adding an extra layer of security. Group Mesh: Moving from 1-on-1 to multi-user rooms. Check out the repo here: https://github.com/bingkahu/p2p-comms I'd love to hear your feedback or see your Pull Requests! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse bingkahu Follow Full-stack developer focused on decentralized communication and privacy-centric web applications. Lead maintainer of CodeChat, an open-source peer-to-peer messaging platform built on WebRTC and PeerJS Education School Work Student Joined Jan 11, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming 🧗♂️Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Max Dot Product of Two Subsequences' – LeetCode 1458 (C++, Python, JavaScript) # programming # cpp # python # javascript AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/eliasoliedev | Elias Oliveira - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Elias Oliveira I Love Programming. Joined Joined on Jan 9, 2026 More info about @eliasoliedev Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 2 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 10 tags followed I asked devs to crash my App. Here's what happened in the first 24h (DDoS, Billing Limits & Error 1101) Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Follow Jan 10 I asked devs to crash my App. Here's what happened in the first 24h (DDoS, Billing Limits & Error 1101) # showdev # security # testing # devops Comments Add Comment 2 min read Try crash my app! I built a Link Shortener on the Edge. Can you help me crash it? (Live Dashboard) Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Elias Oliveira Follow Jan 9 Try crash my app! I built a Link Shortener on the Edge. Can you help me crash it? (Live Dashboard) # showdev # architecture # performance # testing Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-authentication-with-jwt-step-by-step-140d | Asp Net Core 5 Rest API Authentication with JWT Step by Step - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohamad Lawand Posted on Jan 22, 2021 • Edited on Jan 29, 2021 Asp Net Core 5 Rest API Authentication with JWT Step by Step # dotnet # api # beginners # jwt In this post i will be showing you How to add JWT authentication to our Asp.Net Core REST API Some of the topics we will cover are registration, login functionalities and utilising JWTs ("Json Web Tokens") and Bearer authentication. You can also watch the full step by step video on YouTube: As well download the source code: https://github.com/mohamadlawand087/v7-RestApiNetCoreAuthentication This is Part 2 of API dev series you can check the different parts by following the links: Part 1: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-2mb6 Part 3: https://dev.to/moe23/refresh-jwt-with-refresh-tokens-in-asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-3en5 We will be basing our current work on our previous Todo REST API application that we have created in our last article ( https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-2mb6 ). You can follow along by either going through that article and building the application with me as we go or you can get the source code from github, https://github.com/mohamadlawand087/v6-RestApiNetCore5 . Once we have our code ready lets get started. The first thing we need to install some package to utilise authentication dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UI Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode then we need to do is we need to update our appsettings.json, in our appsettings we will need to add a JWT settings section and within that settings we need to add a JWT secret "JwtConfig" : { "Secret" : "ijurkbdlhmklqacwqzdxmkkhvqowlyqa" } , Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In order for us to generate our secret we are going to use a free web tool to generate a random 32 char string https://www.browserling.com/tools/random-string After adding the randomly generate 32 char string in our app settings now we need to create a new folder in our root directory called configuration. Inside this configuration folder we will create a new class called JwtConfig public class JwtConfig { public string Secret { get ; set ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we need to update our startup class, inside our ConfigureServices method we need to add the below in order to inject our JwtConfiguration in our application services . Configure < JwtConfig >( Configuration . GetSection ( "JwtConfig" )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Adding these configuration in our startup class register the configurations in our Asp.Net core middlewear and in our IOC container. The next step is adding and configuring authentication in our startup class, inside our ConfigureServices method we need to add the following // within this section we are configuring the authentication and setting the default scheme services . AddAuthentication ( options => { options . DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults . AuthenticationScheme ; options . DefaultScheme = JwtBearerDefaults . AuthenticationScheme ; options . DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults . AuthenticationScheme ; }) . AddJwtBearer ( jwt => { var key = Encoding . ASCII . GetBytes ( Configuration [ "JwtConfig:Secret" ]); jwt . SaveToken = true ; jwt . TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters { ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true , // this will validate the 3rd part of the jwt token using the secret that we added in the appsettings and verify we have generated the jwt token IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey ( key ), // Add the secret key to our Jwt encryption ValidateIssuer = false , ValidateAudience = false , RequireExpirationTime = false , ValidateLifetime = true }; }); services . AddDefaultIdentity < IdentityUser >( options => options . SignIn . RequireConfirmedAccount = true ) . AddEntityFrameworkStores < ApiDbContext >(); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode After updating the ConfigureServices we need to update the Configure method by adding authentication app . UseAuthentication (); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Once we add the configurations we need to build the application to see if everything is still building as it should. dotnet run dotnet build Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The next step is to update our ApiDbContext to take advantage of the Identity provider that Asp.Net provide for us, will navigate to our ApiDbContext in the Data folder and we update the ApiDbContext class as the following public class ApiDbContext : IdentityDbContext Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode by inheriting from IdentityDbContext instead of DbContext, EntityFramework will know that we are using authentication and it will build the infrastructure for us to utilise the default identity tables. To Generate the identity tables in our database we need to prepare migrations scripts and run them. to do that inside the terminal we need to type the following dotnet ef migrations add "Adding authentication to our Api" dotnet ef database update Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Once our migrations is completed we can open our database app.db with Dbeaver and we can see that our identity tables has been created for us by Entity Framework The next step will be to setup out controllers and build the registration process for the user. Inside out controller folder will need to create a controller and our DTOs (data transfer objects). Will start by adding a new folder called Domain in our root directory, and we add a class called AuthResult public class AutResult { public string Token { get ; set ;} public bool Result { get ; set ; } public List < string > Errors { get ; set ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Will start by adding some folders to organise our DTOs, inside the Models folder will add a folder called DTO and within the DTO folder will create 2 folders Requests/Responses We need to add the UserRegistrationRequestDto which will be used by our registration action in the Controller. Then will navigate to Models/DTO/Requests and add a new class called UserRegistrationRequestDto Models/Dto/Requests/UserRegistrationRequestDto.cs // For simplicity we are only adding these 3 feilds we can change it and make it as complex as we need public class UserRegistrationRequestDto { [ Required ] public string Name { get ; set ; } [ Required ] public string Email { get ; set ; } [ Required ] public string Password { get ; set ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Model/Dto/Response/RegistrationResponse.cs // We are inheriting from AuthResult class public class RegistrationResponse : AuthResult { } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we need to add our user registration controller, inside our controller folder we add a new class we call it AuthManagementController and we update it with the code below [ Route ( "api/[controller]" )] // api/authmanagement [ ApiController ] public class AuthManagementController : ControllerBase { private readonly UserManager < IdentityUser > _userManager ; private readonly JwtConfig _jwtConfig ; public AuthManagementController ( UserManager < IdentityUser > userManager , IOptionsMonitor < JwtConfig > optionsMonitor ) { _userManager = userManager ; _jwtConfig = optionsMonitor . CurrentValue ; } [ HttpPost ] [ Route ( "Register" )] public async Task < IActionResult > Register ([ FromBody ] UserRegistrationRequestDto user ) { // Check if the incoming request is valid if ( ModelState . IsValid ) { // check i the user with the same email exist var existingUser = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( user . Email ); if ( existingUser != null ) { return BadRequest ( new RegistrationResponse () { Result = false , Errors = new List < string >(){ "Email already exist" }}); } var newUser = new IdentityUser (){ Email = user . Email , UserName = user . Email }; var isCreated = await _userManager . CreateAsync ( newUser , user . Password ); if ( isCreated . Succeeded ) { var jwtToken = GenerateJwtToken ( newUser ); return Ok ( new RegistrationResponse () { Result = true , Token = jwtToken }); } return new JsonResult ( new RegistrationResponse (){ Result = false , Errors = isCreated . Errors . Select ( x => x . Description ). ToList ()} ) { StatusCode = 500 }; } return BadRequest ( new RegistrationResponse () { Result = false , Errors = new List < string >(){ "Invalid payload" }}); } private string GenerateJwtToken ( IdentityUser user ) { // Now its ime to define the jwt token which will be responsible of creating our tokens var jwtTokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler (); // We get our secret from the appsettings var key = Encoding . ASCII . GetBytes ( _jwtConfig . Secret ); // we define our token descriptor // We need to utilise claims which are properties in our token which gives information about the token // which belong to the specific user who it belongs to // so it could contain their id, name, email the good part is that these information // are generated by our server and identity framework which is valid and trusted var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Subject = new ClaimsIdentity ( new [] { new Claim ( "Id" , user . Id ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Sub , user . Email ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Email , user . Email ), // the JTI is used for our refresh token which we will be convering in the next video new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Jti , Guid . NewGuid (). ToString ()) }), // the life span of the token needs to be shorter and utilise refresh token to keep the user signedin // but since this is a demo app we can extend it to fit our current need Expires = DateTime . UtcNow . AddHours ( 6 ), // here we are adding the encryption alogorithim information which will be used to decrypt our token SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials ( new SymmetricSecurityKey ( key ), SecurityAlgorithms . HmacSha512Signature ) }; var token = jwtTokenHandler . CreateToken ( tokenDescriptor ); var jwtToken = jwtTokenHandler . WriteToken ( token ); return jwtToken ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Once we finish the registration action we can now test it in postman and get the jwt token So the next step will be creating the user login request. public class UserLoginRequest { [ Required ] public string Email { get ; set ; } [ Required ] public string Password { get ; set ; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode After that we need to add our login action in the AuthManagementControtller [ HttpPost ] [ Route ( "Login" )] public async Task < IActionResult > Login ([ FromBody ] UserLoginRequest user ) { if ( ModelState . IsValid ) { // check if the user with the same email exist var existingUser = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( user . Email ); if ( existingUser == null ) { // We dont want to give to much information on why the request has failed for security reasons return BadRequest ( new RegistrationResponse () { Result = false , Errors = new List < string >(){ "Invalid authentication request" }}); } // Now we need to check if the user has inputed the right password var isCorrect = await _userManager . CheckPasswordAsync ( existingUser , user . Password ); if ( isCorrect ) { var jwtToken = GenerateJwtToken ( existingUser ); return Ok ( new RegistrationResponse () { Result = true , Token = jwtToken }); } else { // We dont want to give to much information on why the request has failed for security reasons return BadRequest ( new RegistrationResponse () { Result = false , Errors = new List < string >(){ "Invalid authentication request" }}); } } return BadRequest ( new RegistrationResponse () { Result = false , Errors = new List < string >(){ "Invalid payload" }}); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode now we can test it out and we can see that our jwt tokens has been generated successfully, the next step is to secure our controller, to do that all we need to do is add the Authorise attribute to the controller [ Authorize ( AuthenticationSchemes = JwtBearerDefaults . AuthenticationScheme )] [ Route ( "api/[controller]" )] // api/todo [ ApiController ] public class TodoController : ControllerBase Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And now if we test it we are not able to execute any request since we are not authorised, in order for us to send authorised requests we need to add the authorisation header with the bearer token so that Asp.Net can verify it and give us permission to execute the actions Thank you for taking the time and reading the article This is Part 2 of API dev series you can check the different parts by following the links: Part 1: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-2mb6 Part 3: https://dev.to/moe23/refresh-jwt-with-refresh-tokens-in-asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-3en5 Top comments (88) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Albert Barkley Albert Barkley Albert Barkley Follow Location London Work Education at The Academic Papers Joined Oct 25, 2019 • Feb 21 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Your guide for Rest API authentication is the one I was looking for since last month as I was working on my computer dissertation and there were some unforeseen Rest API authentication errors. However, one of my friends suggested me to get computer dissertation help from someone so I got my all issues resolved. Still, it is worth to read your guide for my viva preparation. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Patterson Patterson Patterson Follow Joined Aug 24, 2024 • Sep 23 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This method is widely used due to its efficiency in handling user sessions and maintaining security without the need for server-side session storage. Learn more about Ky Arrest Records online Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nabi Ullah Nabi Ullah Nabi Ullah Follow Joined Mar 28, 2024 • Oct 6 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for sharing the information, I usually see public arrest records at Arrests org . Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand taylorwatson99 taylorwatson99 taylorwatson99 Follow Joined Jan 22, 2021 • Jan 22 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you for sharing this code step by step. It became very easy to understand. I have to do a custom HND assignment , and I am taking inspiration from here to do it. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand louis arthur louis arthur louis arthur Follow Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 7 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Ah, I am glad I don’t have to get into this technical stuff because I can’t get my head around it. I provide Dissertation Writing Services London - based and I just have to research and write. I guess my brother may find this post useful as he is into coding and development. I am sharing this link with him. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eliza Beth Eliza Beth Eliza Beth Follow Joined Aug 1, 2024 • May 5 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide What I particularly appreciate is how the tutorial breaks down each part—from token generation and validation to middleware integration and role-based access control—making it easier to grasp even for those new to token-based authentication. Learn more about website Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eliza Beth Eliza Beth Eliza Beth Follow Joined Aug 1, 2024 • Nov 5 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Step-by-step guidance in this area is invaluable, especially as it clarifies setting up the middleware, configuring authentication schemes, and generating tokens. Visit now Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thome Jhonsan Thome Jhonsan Thome Jhonsan Follow Joined Aug 6, 2024 • Oct 18 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Step-by-step implementation typically involves setting up token generation, configuring middleware for JWT validation, and ensuring proper token storage on the client-side. Learn more about website Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eliza Beth Eliza Beth Eliza Beth Follow Joined Aug 1, 2024 • Feb 4 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide What’s great about this approach is how it streamlines stateless communication, reducing server load while maintaining security. mybalancenow ❤️ check your target gift card balance Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eliza Beth Eliza Beth Eliza Beth Follow Joined Aug 1, 2024 • Dec 4 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A step-by-step guide is perfect for understanding how to configure tokens, manage claims, and secure endpoints. I’m looking forward to learning more and trying this out in my own projects. Visit Now Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thome Jhonsan Thome Jhonsan Thome Jhonsan Follow Joined Aug 6, 2024 • Aug 20 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The step-by-step approach ensures that developers, whether beginners or experienced, can grasp the concepts and apply them effectively, leading to robust authentication practices that safeguard user data and maintain application integrity. Visit website Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Olivia Eve Johnson Olivia Eve Johnson Olivia Eve Johnson Follow Joined Mar 4, 2025 • May 8 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A hybrid vehicle combines a traditional fuel engine with an electric motor to deliver better fuel efficiency and lower emissions. What is a hybrid vehicle is a common question among eco-conscious drivers looking for sustainable transport options, and the answer lies in its smart use of dual power sources to optimize performance. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (88 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Work Technical Architect Joined Jul 25, 2019 More from Mohamad Lawand .NET 8 💥 - Intro to Kubernetes for .NET Devs # dotnet # kubernetes # containers # docker .NET 6 - Background Jobs with Hangfire 🔥🔥🔥 # dotnet # tutorial # programming # backgroundjobs .NET 6 - AutoMapper & Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) 🗺 # dotnet # api # tutorial # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Mohamad Lawand Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Joined Joined on Jul 25, 2019 Personal website https://www.mohamadlawand.com/ github website twitter website Work Technical Architect Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. 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Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @moe23 Skills/Languages C#, dotnet, ASP.NET core, SQL, Azure, Docker, Swift, iOS and blockchain tech Solidity, C++, EOS, Eth, Hyperledger, Java, Currently learning Kubernetes, ML, python Available for cloud, dotnet and everything development Post 69 posts published Comment 15 comments written Tag 20 tags followed .NET 8 💥 - Intro to Kubernetes for .NET Devs Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jun 18 '24 .NET 8 💥 - Intro to Kubernetes for .NET Devs # dotnet # kubernetes # containers # docker 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Want to connect with Mohamad Lawand? Create an account to connect with Mohamad Lawand. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in .NET 6 - Background Jobs with Hangfire 🔥🔥🔥 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Nov 3 '22 .NET 6 - Background Jobs with Hangfire 🔥🔥🔥 # dotnet # tutorial # programming # backgroundjobs 35 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read .NET 6 - AutoMapper & Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) 🗺 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Oct 18 '22 .NET 6 - AutoMapper & Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) 🗺 # dotnet # api # tutorial # performance 41 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read .NET 6 - Web API Global Exceptions Handling 🌐 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Sep 21 '22 .NET 6 - Web API Global Exceptions Handling 🌐 # dotnet # architecture # api # tutorial 29 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read .NET 6 - Web API Logging 📝 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Sep 10 '22 .NET 6 - Web API Logging 📝 # dotnet # logs # tutorial # api 20 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read .NET 6 - Web API Correlation Id 🔗 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Sep 3 '22 .NET 6 - Web API Correlation Id 🔗 # dotnet # api # architecture # tutorial 23 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Setup your M1 MacBook Pro for .NET and iOS development Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Aug 26 '22 Setup your M1 MacBook Pro for .NET and iOS development # dotnet # ios # devjournal # productivity 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Advance Ef Core and PostgreSQL in .Net 6 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Aug 18 '22 Advance Ef Core and PostgreSQL in .Net 6 # dotnet # postgres # database # tutorial 3 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read .NET 6 with PostgreSQL Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Aug 14 '22 .NET 6 with PostgreSQL # dotnet # postgres # database # tutorial 11 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read .Net 6 WebAPI - Upload files to AWS S3 - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jun 8 '22 .Net 6 WebAPI - Upload files to AWS S3 - Step by Step # dotnet # aws # stepbystep # beginners 34 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read .Net 7 (Preview 4) - Minimal API - Multiple Result Type - Route Groups Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow May 29 '22 .Net 7 (Preview 4) - Minimal API - Multiple Result Type - Route Groups # todayilearned # dotnet # api # tutorial 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read .Net 7 (Preview 4) - Minimal API Filters Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow May 20 '22 .Net 7 (Preview 4) - Minimal API Filters # dotnet # tutorial # api # programming 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read What is AWS IAM? Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow May 18 '22 What is AWS IAM? # aws # iam # cloud # cloudskills 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS Fundamentals Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow May 11 '22 AWS Fundamentals # aws # certifications # architecture # tutorial 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Build a Minimal API with HereDoc and Docker Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow May 3 '22 Build a Minimal API with HereDoc and Docker # docker # dotnet # api # beginners 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read .Net 6 - Create Image Processing with Azure Functions & Service Bus Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 27 '22 .Net 6 - Create Image Processing with Azure Functions & Service Bus # dotnet # azure # serverless # api 13 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read .Net 6 WebAPI - Intro to ElasticSearch - Step by Step #aspnetcore Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 9 '22 .Net 6 WebAPI - Intro to ElasticSearch - Step by Step #aspnetcore # dotnet # elasticsearch # csharp # api 25 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read .Net 6 Minimal Api Authentication (JWT) with Swagger and Open API Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jan 31 '22 .Net 6 Minimal Api Authentication (JWT) with Swagger and Open API # dotnet # api # jwt # authentication 31 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Unit Test with .Net 6 with xUnit and MOQ Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jan 21 '22 Unit Test with .Net 6 with xUnit and MOQ # dotnet # unittest # csharp # programming 32 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Whats the difference between Args and Env in Docker Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jan 12 '22 Whats the difference between Args and Env in Docker # docker # dotnet # tutorial # devops 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to be a Web Developer in 2022 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jan 10 '22 How to be a Web Developer in 2022 # webdev # beginners # tutorial # motivation 186 reactions Comments 6 comments 4 min read .Net 6 WebAPI - Intro to ElasticSearch & Kibana - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Dec 20 '21 .Net 6 WebAPI - Intro to ElasticSearch & Kibana - Step by Step # dotnet # elasticsearch # docker # api 36 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Add AutoMapper to .Net 6 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Dec 10 '21 Add AutoMapper to .Net 6 # dotnet # automapper # csharp # aspnetcore 43 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read Upgrade .Net 5 to .Net 6 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Dec 7 '21 Upgrade .Net 5 to .Net 6 # dotnet # upgrade # csharp 19 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Getting started with Minimal APIs in .Net 6 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Nov 15 '21 Getting started with Minimal APIs in .Net 6 # dotnet # minimalapi # dotnet6 # csharp 37 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Asp Net Core - Rest API Authorization with JWT (Roles Vs Claims Vs Policy) - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Oct 18 '21 Asp Net Core - Rest API Authorization with JWT (Roles Vs Claims Vs Policy) - Step by Step # dotnet # csharp # jet # authorization 95 reactions Comments 8 comments 8 min read ASP.NET Dependency Injection Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Sep 13 '21 ASP.NET Dependency Injection # dotnet # ioc # di # csharp 23 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Middleware in ASP.NET Core Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Sep 5 '21 Middleware in ASP.NET Core # dotnet # csharp 12 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read AWS - Lambda Functions for dotnet developer (Part 1) Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Aug 31 '21 AWS - Lambda Functions for dotnet developer (Part 1) # aws # lambda # csharp 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read C# 9 - Delegate, Action and Func Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Aug 20 '21 C# 9 - Delegate, Action and Func # dotnet # csharp # delegate # advance 29 reactions Comments 2 comments 9 min read Exploring Azure - Azure Functions Coding Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jul 21 '21 Exploring Azure - Azure Functions Coding # azure # serverless # terraform # cli 7 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Exploring Azure - Azure Functions Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jul 21 '21 Exploring Azure - Azure Functions # azure # serverless # azurefunctions 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Exploring Azure - Part 1 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jul 11 '21 Exploring Azure - Part 1 # azure # cloud # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Deep Dive: Multi-Factor Authentication with .NET 5 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jun 29 '21 Deep Dive: Multi-Factor Authentication with .NET 5 # dotnet # csharp # security 34 reactions Comments 3 comments 6 min read C# Tips and Tricks - Part 3 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jun 19 '21 C# Tips and Tricks - Part 3 # dotnet # csharp 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Step by Step - Repository Pattern and Unit of Work with Asp.Net Core 5 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jun 17 '21 Step by Step - Repository Pattern and Unit of Work with Asp.Net Core 5 # dotnet # csharp # beginners 42 reactions Comments 2 comments 7 min read C# Tips and Tricks - Part 2 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jun 13 '21 C# Tips and Tricks - Part 2 # dotnet # csharp # tips 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read C# Tips and Tricks - Part 1 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jun 7 '21 C# Tips and Tricks - Part 1 # csharp # dotnet # beginners 17 reactions Comments 2 comments 5 min read Infrastructure as Code with Terraform, Azure DevOps, Azure, Github, Docker and .Net 5 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jun 4 '21 Infrastructure as Code with Terraform, Azure DevOps, Azure, Github, Docker and .Net 5 # devops # azure # github # docker 20 reactions Comments 2 comments 13 min read C# 9 Language Highlights Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow May 17 '21 C# 9 Language Highlights # csharp # dotnet # beginners 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read .Net 5 API with GraphQL - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow May 6 '21 .Net 5 API with GraphQL - Step by Step # graphql # dotnet # csharp # api 60 reactions Comments 5 comments 12 min read AspNet Core 5 Reading and Exporting Excel Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Apr 28 '21 AspNet Core 5 Reading and Exporting Excel # dotnet # csharp # excel 20 reactions Comments 1 comment 4 min read Asp.Net Core 5 - API Versioning Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Apr 22 '21 Asp.Net Core 5 - API Versioning # dotnet # csharp # beginners # api 25 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Intro to Angular - Observables, Services, Nested Components Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Apr 16 '21 Intro to Angular - Observables, Services, Nested Components # angular # typescript # beginners # javascript 21 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Intro to Angular - Part 1 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Apr 11 '21 Intro to Angular - Part 1 # angular # typescript # beginners # javascript 16 reactions Comments 2 comments 10 min read Creating MicroService with .Net 5 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Apr 1 '21 Creating MicroService with .Net 5 # dotnet # microservices # csharp # beginners 33 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read .NET 5 Console App with Dependency Injection, Serilog Logging, and AppSettings Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Mar 24 '21 .NET 5 Console App with Dependency Injection, Serilog Logging, and AppSettings # dotnet # beginners # dependencyinjection # consoleapp 28 reactions Comments 6 comments 3 min read Intro to Kubernetes - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Mar 17 '21 Intro to Kubernetes - Step by Step # kubernetes # cloud # beginners # docker 95 reactions Comments 1 comment 7 min read Intro to JWT - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Mar 10 '21 Intro to JWT - Step by Step # jwt # rest # beginners 21 reactions Comments 1 comment 7 min read Intro to Docker - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Mar 5 '21 Intro to Docker - Step by Step # docker # beginners # dotnet 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Intro to Entity Framework Core 5 - New features Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Mar 2 '21 Intro to Entity Framework Core 5 - New features # dotnet # efcore # beginners # csharp 16 reactions Comments 3 comments 7 min read Intro to gRPC - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 25 '21 Intro to gRPC - Step by Step # grpc # csharp # dotnet # beginners 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 8 min read Visual Studio Code Extensions for .Net development Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 21 '21 Visual Studio Code Extensions for .Net development # dotnet # csharp # vscode 12 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Intro to Azure Storage with .Net 5 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 18 '21 Intro to Azure Storage with .Net 5 # azure # serverless # storage # dotnet 8 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Azure Service Bus with Asp.Net Core 5 Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 14 '21 Azure Service Bus with Asp.Net Core 5 # dotnet # azure # csharp # beginners 13 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Azure Service Bus - Introduction for beginners Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 13 '21 Azure Service Bus - Introduction for beginners # azure # serverless # beginners # azureservicebus 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read C# 9 New features Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 9 '21 C# 9 New features # csharp # dotnet # beginners 11 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Azure Function Github to Slack Pipeline Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 5 '21 Azure Function Github to Slack Pipeline # azure # serverless # beginners # csharp 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Blazor WASM - CRUD with Rest API - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Feb 2 '21 Blazor WASM - CRUD with Rest API - Step by Step # dotnet # blazor # rest # beginners 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Blazor WASM with REST API - Step by Step Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Mohamad Lawand Follow Jan 29 '21 Blazor WASM with REST API - Step by Step # dotnet # blazor # beginners # rest 27 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://claude.com/platform/api | Claude Developer Platform | Claude -------> Meet Claude Products Claude Claude Code Features Claude in Chrome Claude in Slack Claude in Excel Skills Models Opus Sonnet Haiku Platform Overview Developer docs Pricing Regional Compliance Console login Solutions Use cases AI agents Coding Industries Customer support Education Financial services Government Healthcare Life sciences Nonprofits Pricing Overview API Max plan Team plan Enterprise plan Learn Blog Courses Customer stories Events Tutorials Use cases Anthropic news Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Meet Claude Products Claude Claude Code Features Claude in Chrome Claude in Slack Claude in Excel Skills Models Opus Sonnet Haiku Platform Overview Developer docs Pricing Regional Compliance Console login Solutions Use cases AI agents Coding Industries Customer support Education Financial services Government Healthcare Life sciences Nonprofits Pricing Overview API Max plan Team plan Enterprise plan Learn Blog Courses Customer stories Events Tutorials Use cases Anthropic news Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Try Claude Try Claude Try Claude Platform Platform Explore here Ask questions about this page Copy as markdown Build on the Claude Developer Platform Use our API to create new user experiences, products, and ways to work with the most advanced AI models on the market. Start building Start building Start building See developer docs See developer docs See developer docs “Claude Opus 4.5 handles long-horizon coding tasks more efficiently than any model we’ve tested. It achieves higher pass rates on held-out tests while using up to 65% fewer tokens, giving developers real cost control without sacrificing quality.” Sean Ward, CEO and Co-founder “The decision to choose Claude was entirely data-driven. We tested multiple model providers side by side, and Claude consistently delivered the best results for case resolution rates and customer satisfaction scores.” Read story Read story Read story Timothy Addison, Engineering Org Chief of Staff “The partnership with Anthropic has been exceptional—their guidance and support have helped our engineering teams maximize the models.” Read story Read story Read story Joel Hron, CTO “With Claude, we’re not just automating customer service—we’re elevating it to truly human quality. This lets support teams think more strategically about customer experience and what makes interactions genuinely valuable.” Read story Read story Read story Fergal Reid, VP of AI “We're seeing state-of-the-art coding performance from Claude Sonnet 4.5, with significant improvements on longer horizon tasks. It reinforces why many developers using Cursor choose Claude for solving their most complex problems.” Michael Truell, CEO “The platform’s Prompt caching makes Notion AI faster and cheaper, all while maintaining state-of-the-art quality. This enables us to create a more elevated and responsive user experience for our customers.” Simon Last, Co-founder Prev Prev 0 / 5 Next Next Choose how to get started Build on your own Launch your own generative AI solution with: Access to all Claude models Usage-based tiers Automatically increasing rate limits Simple pay-as-you-go pricing Self-serve deployment on workbench Prompting guides and developer docs Start building Start building Start building Get extra support Need custom rate limits or hands-on help? Contact our sales team for: Anthropic-supported onboarding Custom rate limits Billing via monthly invoices Prompting support Deployment support Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Claude models Right-sized for any task, our models offer the best combination of speed and performance. Start building Start building Start building Learn more Learn more Learn more Save 50% with batch processing. Learn more Batch processing Opus 4.5 Most intelligent model for building agents and coding Input $ 5 / MTok Output $ 25 / MTok Prompt caching Write $ 6.25 / MTok Read $ 0.50 / MTok Sonnet 4.5 Optimal balance of intelligence, cost, and speed Input Prompts ≤ 200K tokens $ 3 / MTok Prompts > 200K tokens $ 6 / MTok Output Prompts ≤ 200K tokens $ 15 / MTok Prompts > 200K tokens $ 22.50 / MTok Prompt caching ≤ 200K tokens Write $ 3.75 / MTok Read $ 0.30 / MTok > 200K tokens Write $ 7.50 / MTok Read $ 0.60 / MTok Haiku 4.5 Fastest, most cost-effective model Input $ 1 / MTok Output $ 5 / MTok Prompt caching Write $ 1.25 / MTok Read $ 0.10 / MTok Prompt caching pricing reflects 5-minute TTL. Learn about extended prompt caching . Do more with built-in tools See developer docs See developer docs See developer docs Prompt caching Give Claude more background knowledge and example outputs to reduce costs and latency. Web search Augment Claude’s knowledge with current, real-world data from across the web. Advanced tool use Allow Claude to interact with hundreds of external tools and APIs so it can perform a wider range of tasks. Batch processing Process large volumes of requests asynchronously and save 50% on costs. Memory Let Claude store and consult information from a dedicated memory file. Context editing Automatically clear less relevant tool calls and results from the context window when approaching token limits. MCP connector Connect Claude to any remote MCP server without writing client code. Code execution Run Python code, create visualizations, and analyze data directly within API calls. Citations Get detailed references to the exact sentences and passages Claude uses to generate responses, leading to more verifiable, trustworthy outputs. Files API Upload documents once and reference them repeatedly across conversations. Developer docs Explore Claude’s advanced features and capabilities. Read more Read more Read more Prev Prev Next Next Get to production faster with the Claude Console Integrate Claude’s powerful AI capabilities into your apps and deliver production-grade solutions faster. View prompt View prompt View prompt Existing prompt Classify all customer support tickets into the most relevant category. Here is the list of categories to choose from: {{CATEGORY_LIST}} Here is the content of the support ticket: {{TICKET_CONTENT}} What would you like to improve? Please include a rationale for the classification. You are an AI assistant specialized in classifying customer support tickets. Your task is to analyze the content of a given ticket and assign it to the most appropriate category from a predefined list. You will also provide reasoning for your classification decision. First, let's review the available categories: <category_list> {{CATEGORY_LIST}} </category_list> Now, here is the content of the support ticket you need to classify: <ticket_content> {{TICKET_CONTENT}} </ticket_content> Please follow these steps to complete the task: – Carefully read and analyze the ticket content. – Consider how the content relates to each of the available categories. – Choose the most appropriate category for the ticket. – Provide a detailed explanation of your reasoning process. Use the following structure for your response: <classification_analysis> In this section, break down your thought process: – Quote the most relevant parts of the ticket content. – List each category and note how it relates to the ticket content. – For each category, provide arguments for and against classifying the ticket into that category. – Rank the top 3 most likely categories. </classification_analysis> <classification> <category>Your chosen category goes here</category> <reasoning>A concise summary of your reasoning for choosing this category</reasoning> </classification> Remember to be thorough in your analysis and clear in your explanation. Your goal is to provide an accurate classification with well-supported reasoning. Built for developers Build, test, and iterate on your deployment: Automatically generate or improve existing prompts Evaluate model responses against real-world scenarios Build faster with pre-built cookbooks and guides Use cases for Claude Coding Our models are constantly improving on coding, math, and reasoning. Claude can complete complex engineering tasks to solve problems that would typically take a full day of engineering work. Learn more Learn more Learn more Agents Claude offers superior instruction following, tool selection, error correction, and advanced reasoning for customer-facing agents and complex AI workflows. Learn more Learn more Learn more Productivity Claude can extract relevant information from business emails and documents, categorize and summarize survey responses, and wrangle reams of text with high speed and accuracy. Customer support Claude can handle ticket triage, on-demand complex inquiries using rich context awareness, and multi-step support workflows—all with a casual tone and conversational responses. Learn more Learn more Learn more Start building See pricing See pricing See pricing Contact sales Contact sales Contact sales Get the developer newsletter Product updates, how-tos, community spotlights, and more. Delivered monthly to your inbox. Subscribe Subscribe Please provide your email address if you'd like to receive our monthly developer newsletter. You can unsubscribe at any time. Thank you! You’re subscribed. Sorry, there was a problem with your submission, please try again later. Homepage Homepage Next Next Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Write Button Text Button Text Learn Button Text Button Text Code Button Text Button Text Write Help me develop a unique voice for an audience Hi Claude! Could you help me develop a unique voice for an audience? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Improve my writing style Hi Claude! Could you improve my writing style? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Brainstorm creative ideas Hi Claude! Could you brainstorm creative ideas? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Learn Explain a complex topic simply Hi Claude! Could you explain a complex topic simply? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Help me make sense of these ideas Hi Claude! Could you help me make sense of these ideas? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Prepare for an exam or interview Hi Claude! Could you prepare for an exam or interview? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Code Explain a programming concept Hi Claude! Could you explain a programming concept? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Look over my code and give me tips Hi Claude! Could you look over my code and give me tips? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Vibe code with me Hi Claude! Could you vibe code with me? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to— like Google Drive, web search, etc.—if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can—an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! More Write case studies This is another test Write grant proposals Hi Claude! Could you write grant proposals? If you need more information from me, ask me 1-2 key questions right away. If you think I should upload any documents that would help you do a better job, let me know. You can use the tools you have access to — like Google Drive, web search, etc. — if they’ll help you better accomplish this task. Do not use analysis tool. Please keep your responses friendly, brief and conversational. Please execute the task as soon as you can - an artifact would be great if it makes sense. If using an artifact, consider what kind of artifact (interactive, visual, checklist, etc.) might be most helpful for this specific task. Thanks for your help! Write video scripts this is a test Anthropic Anthropic © [year] Anthropic PBC Products Claude Claude Claude Claude Code Claude Code Claude Code Max plan Max plan Max plan Team plan Team plan Team plan Enterprise plan Enterprise plan Enterprise plan Download app Download app Download app Pricing Pricing Pricing Log in Log in Log in Features Claude in Chrome Claude in Chrome Claude in Chrome Claude in Slack Claude in Slack Claude in Slack Claude in Excel Claude in Excel Claude in Excel Skills Skills Skills Models Opus Opus Opus Sonnet Sonnet Sonnet Haiku Haiku Haiku Solutions AI agents AI agents AI agents Code modernization Code modernization Code modernization Coding Coding Coding Customer support Customer support Customer support Education Education Education Financial services Financial services Financial services Government Government Government Healthcare Healthcare Healthcare Life sciences Life sciences Life sciences Nonprofits Nonprofits Nonprofits Claude Developer Platform Overview Overview Overview Developer docs Developer docs Developer docs Pricing Pricing Pricing Regional Compliance Regional Compliance Regional Compliance Amazon Bedrock Amazon Bedrock Amazon Bedrock Google Cloud’s Vertex AI Google Cloud’s Vertex AI Google Cloud’s Vertex AI Console login Console login Console login Learn Blog Blog Blog Claude partner network Claude partner network Claude partner network Courses Courses Courses Connectors Connectors Connectors Customer stories Customer stories Customer stories Engineering at Anthropic Engineering at Anthropic Engineering at Anthropic Events Events Events Powered by Claude Powered by Claude Powered by Claude Service partners Service partners Service partners Startups program Startups program Startups program Tutorials Tutorials Tutorials Use cases Use cases Use cases Company Anthropic Anthropic Anthropic Careers Careers Careers Economic Futures Economic Futures Economic Futures Research Research Research News News News Responsible Scaling Policy Responsible Scaling Policy Responsible Scaling Policy Security and compliance Security and compliance Security and compliance Transparency Transparency Transparency Help and security Availability Availability Availability Status Status Status Support center Support center Support center Terms and policies Privacy choices Cookie settings We use cookies to deliver and improve our services, analyze site usage, and if you agree, to customize or personalize your experience and market our services to you. 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https://design.forem.com/t/dataviz | Dataviz - Design Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close # dataviz Follow Hide The art and science of data visualization and information design Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Putting it All together: Dashboard Design Tips Kaira Kelvin. Kaira Kelvin. Kaira Kelvin. Follow Dec 18 '25 Putting it All together: Dashboard Design Tips # baddesign # dataviz # uidesign Comments Add Comment 4 min read Tableau Portfolio Project: Designing an Interactive COVID-19 Dashboard Jemma Lines Jemma Lines Jemma Lines Follow Dec 29 '25 Tableau Portfolio Project: Designing an Interactive COVID-19 Dashboard # tableau # dataanalytics # dataviz Comments Add Comment 3 min read Mastering Tableau Without Getting Lost: A Practical Guide to Data Visualization Dipti Dipti Dipti Follow Sep 30 '25 Mastering Tableau Without Getting Lost: A Practical Guide to Data Visualization # dataviz # resources # tools 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Designing All-Device Compatible Tableau Dashboards: A Comprehensive Guide Dipti Moryani Dipti Moryani Dipti Moryani Follow Oct 9 '25 Designing All-Device Compatible Tableau Dashboards: A Comprehensive Guide # dataviz # uidesign # tools # responsive 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Implementing Custom Legends in Tableau: A Practical Guide with Case Studies Dipti Moryani Dipti Moryani Dipti Moryani Follow Oct 1 '25 Implementing Custom Legends in Tableau: A Practical Guide with Case Studies # casestudies # dataviz # tools 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read The Dos and Don’ts of Designing an Efficient Tableau Dashboard Dipti Dipti Dipti Follow Sep 26 '25 The Dos and Don’ts of Designing an Efficient Tableau Dashboard # dataviz # tools # uidesign 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Turning My Daily Commute into a Data Visualization Project Deepak Kaul Deepak Kaul Deepak Kaul Follow Aug 20 '25 Turning My Daily Commute into a Data Visualization Project # datascience # dataviz # python # productivity 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... trending guides/resources Putting it All together: Dashboard Design Tips 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Design Community — Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Design Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where designers share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://jaykhatri.com | Jay K. Current I currently run the Observability business at LaunchDarkly [1] . If you want to get in touch, dm me on x [2] , linkedin [3] , or email [4] . Past I was the CEO at Highlight, which was acquired by LaunchDarkly in March of 2025. We were building an open source [5] observability distribution. Before working on Highlight, I went through YCombinator with a company called Reploy [6] , where I built/designed the product and drove sales. At its core, Reploy used Kubernetes to schedule ephemeral environments. Before that, I spent time working on machine learning infra at Deepmind, anti-abuse infrastructure at Google, and product at Handshake, In high school, I was a captain of the 2015 FTC World Championship Robotics team [7] , which started my wanderings in tech. Investing I occasionally invest in fellow founders' businesses. Most of these businesses are in the dev-tools/infra spaces. Some of the public investments I've made include OpenMeter [8] , MagicPatterns [9] , Trigger.dev [10] , Kaelio [11] , and Hemut [12] . Links 1. LaunchDarkly Website 2. Twitter/X Profile 3. LinkedIn Profile 4. Email Contact 5. Highlight GitHub Repository 6. Reploy on Product Hunt 7. Robotics Team News Article 8. OpenMeter Website 9. MagicPatterns Website 10. Trigger.dev Website 11. Kaelio Website 12. Hemut Website | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://www.forem.com/t/discuss | Discussion Threads - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Discussion Threads Follow Hide Discussion threads targeting the whole community Create Post submission guidelines These posts should include a question, prompt, or topic that initiates a discussion in the comments section. Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Meme Monday Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Ben Halpern Follow Jan 12 Meme Monday # discuss # watercooler # jokes 19 reactions Comments 18 comments 1 min read Is an AI Model Software? – A Low‑Level Technical View Ben Santora Ben Santora Ben Santora Follow Jan 12 Is an AI Model Software? – A Low‑Level Technical View # discuss # ai # architecture # software 9 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Debug Code Like I Debug Life (Spoiler: Both Throw Exceptions) Alyssa Alyssa Alyssa Follow Jan 13 I Debug Code Like I Debug Life (Spoiler: Both Throw Exceptions) # discuss # career # programming # beginners 18 reactions Comments 8 comments 2 min read 🌈 Looking for help if possible: I’m Stuck on My TrackMyHRT App (Medication + Symptom Tracker) codebunny20 codebunny20 codebunny20 Follow Jan 12 🌈 Looking for help if possible: I’m Stuck on My TrackMyHRT App (Medication + Symptom Tracker) # discuss # programming # python # opensource 14 reactions Comments 6 comments 2 min read Why Cloudflare is Right to Stand Against Italy's Piracy Shield Polliog Polliog Polliog Follow Jan 12 Why Cloudflare is Right to Stand Against Italy's Piracy Shield # discuss # cloud # dns # webdev 11 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read Why frontend developers don't wanna write e2e tests Sawan Bhattacharya Sawan Bhattacharya Sawan Bhattacharya Follow Jan 13 Why frontend developers don't wanna write e2e tests # discuss # webdev # testing # softwaredevelopment Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Autonomy Fallacy: Why AI Agents Cannot Be Trusted With Execution Olami Olami Olami Follow Jan 13 The Autonomy Fallacy: Why AI Agents Cannot Be Trusted With Execution # discuss # agents # ai # security Comments Add Comment 3 min read Conversation Memory Collapse: Why Excessive Context Weakens AI FARAZ FARHAN FARAZ FARHAN FARAZ FARHAN Follow Jan 13 Conversation Memory Collapse: Why Excessive Context Weakens AI # discuss # ai # llm # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Software Testing for BFSI Anna Anna Anna Follow Jan 13 Software Testing for BFSI # discuss # tutorial # automation # startup Comments Add Comment 5 min read Dejar de buscar para empezar a construir (Parte 2): Una perspectiva alternativa con el ecosistema CODEX Oscar Santos Oscar Santos Oscar Santos Follow Jan 13 Dejar de buscar para empezar a construir (Parte 2): Una perspectiva alternativa con el ecosistema CODEX # discuss # productivity # ai # codex Comments Add Comment 4 min read What are your goals for the week? #161 Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Chris Jarvis Follow Jan 12 What are your goals for the week? #161 # discuss # career # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read Document Automation with Precision: The Challenge of Formatting Without Touching Content FARAZ FARHAN FARAZ FARHAN FARAZ FARHAN Follow Jan 13 Document Automation with Precision: The Challenge of Formatting Without Touching Content # discuss # ai # automation # workflow Comments Add Comment 4 min read I Got Tired Of Crappy Tool Sites, So I Built My Own (120+ Free Dev Tools) Tyler Heinrichs Tyler Heinrichs Tyler Heinrichs Follow Jan 12 I Got Tired Of Crappy Tool Sites, So I Built My Own (120+ Free Dev Tools) # discuss # webdev # tutorial # productivity Comments Add Comment 4 min read From Moths to Microservices: A Comprehensive History of Coding: Part 1 bingkahu bingkahu bingkahu Follow Jan 12 From Moths to Microservices: A Comprehensive History of Coding: Part 1 # discuss # programming # coding # software 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Bags.fm: The Solana Launchpad That's Changing Creator Monetization Sivaram Sivaram Sivaram Follow Jan 12 Bags.fm: The Solana Launchpad That's Changing Creator Monetization # discuss # solana # cryptocurrency # webdev 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read 01670-309-328 vs +8801670309328: How We Solved a Western Consulting Firm's Phone Number Nightmare FARAZ FARHAN FARAZ FARHAN FARAZ FARHAN Follow Jan 13 01670-309-328 vs +8801670309328: How We Solved a Western Consulting Firm's Phone Number Nightmare # discuss # ai # runnerhchallenge # promptengineering Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI in Assistive Technologies for People with Visual Impairments Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Tatyana Bayramova, CPACC Follow Jan 12 AI in Assistive Technologies for People with Visual Impairments # discuss # a11y # ai # news 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Code ownership is not “please fix this for me” maria tzanidaki maria tzanidaki maria tzanidaki Follow Jan 12 Code ownership is not “please fix this for me” # discuss # architecture # codequality # leadership 2 reactions Comments 3 comments 3 min read The Great Tune-Out: Why AI’s Perfect Illusions Might Save Us from Social Media Meg Rehn Meg Rehn Meg Rehn Follow Jan 13 The Great Tune-Out: Why AI’s Perfect Illusions Might Save Us from Social Media # discuss # ai # ethics # watercooler Comments Add Comment 4 min read I built a WASM execution firewall for AI agents — here’s why Xnfinite Xnfinite Xnfinite Follow Jan 10 I built a WASM execution firewall for AI agents — here’s why # discuss # typescript # rust # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Almost Fell for a “Last Wish” Scam : Here’s What You Need to Know Om Shree Om Shree Om Shree Follow Jan 12 I Almost Fell for a “Last Wish” Scam : Here’s What You Need to Know # discuss # scam # security # privacy 23 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Hello, Newbie Here. Devon Pinkston Devon Pinkston Devon Pinkston Follow Jan 12 Hello, Newbie Here. # discuss # codenewbie # cpp # gamedev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Service as Architecture Reversal djuleayo djuleayo djuleayo Follow Jan 12 Service as Architecture Reversal # discuss # architecture # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Clubhouse Protocol: A Thought Experiment in Distributed Governance Morten Olsen Morten Olsen Morten Olsen Follow Jan 12 The Clubhouse Protocol: A Thought Experiment in Distributed Governance # discuss # architecture # community # opensource Comments Add Comment 7 min read Introduction to DevOps #5. DevOps Tooling Landscape Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Himanshu Bhatt Follow Jan 12 Introduction to DevOps #5. DevOps Tooling Landscape # discuss # devops # cloud # beginners 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... trending guides/resources The Vibe Coding Paradox The Complete Full-Stack Developer Roadmap for 2026 🚀 I Built a Desktop App That Commits to GitHub So I Don’t Have To Lie About Consistency The Joy of Code in the Age of Vibe Engineering Are We Losing Our Manners in Software Development? The Best Developer AI Tools of 2025 — What Actually Worked in Real Projects How to Become an AWS Community Builder 10 JavaScript Console Methods You Didn't Know Existed (And How They'll Save You Hours of Debugging) Stop Overengineering: How to Write Clean Code That Actually Ships 🚀 My Predictions for MCP and AI-Assisted Coding in 2026 2026 - The year of the Ralph Loop Agent Bun is joining Anthropic 🔥 How to Choose Between Ethernet and Wi-Fi for Your Network 🧠How to make Codex boost your mood like good old Claude Code (Getting back You're absolutely righ... Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week 🔥 The Night npm Caught Fire: Inside the 2025 JavaScript Supply-Chain Meltdown 📉 Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week !!!!!! Critical React2Shell Vulnerability Exposes Millions of Web Apps to Remote Takeover !!!!!! My 2026 Tech Stack is Boring as Hell (And That is the Point) Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — Your community HQ Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a blogging-forward open source social network where we learn from one another Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://design.forem.com/freepixel11/help-center-design-systems-for-consistent-support-experiences-5fkp | Help Center Design Systems for Consistent Support Experiences - Design Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse FreePixel Posted on Dec 18, 2025 Help Center Design Systems for Consistent Support Experiences # helpcenter # uxdesign # designsystems # customersupport Help centers often grow faster than they are designed. New articles are added, layouts change, and different teams publish content in different ways. Over time, the experience becomes inconsistent and confusing. Help center design systems for consistent support experiences solve this problem. They bring structure, clarity, and repeatability to how support content looks, feels, and works. This article explains what help center design systems are, why they matter, and how to use them to create reliable, user-friendly support experiences. What Is a Help Center Design System? A help center design system is a shared set of rules, components, and patterns used to build and maintain support content consistently. It usually includes: Layout standards Typography rules Color and contrast guidelines Article templates UI components (search, categories, callouts) Content patterns and tone guidelines Unlike marketing design systems, help center systems prioritize clarity and problem-solving , not visual experimentation. Why Consistency Matters in Support Experiences Support users are not browsing. They are solving problems. When a help center feels inconsistent: Users hesitate Trust drops Navigation feels harder Support tickets increase Consistency reduces mental effort. Users learn how the help center works once—and then reuse that knowledge every time they return. How Inconsistent Design Hurts Help Centers Inconsistent help centers often show these signs: Different article layouts for similar topics Varying heading styles and spacing Unclear callouts and instructions Mixed terminology and tone These issues slow users down. And in support, speed matters. Core Elements of a Help Center Design System Layout and Structure Rules Every article should follow a predictable structure. Common elements include: Clear H1 title Short intro explaining the outcome Step-by-step sections Troubleshooting or edge cases Related links at the end When structure is consistent, users scan faster and understand more quickly. Typography and Readability Standards Typography is one of the most important parts of support UX. Best practices: Large, readable body text Clear hierarchy between headings Short line lengths Comfortable line spacing Readable typography reduces fatigue, especially on mobile. Color and Accessibility Guidelines Design systems must account for accessibility. Key rules: Sufficient color contrast Limited use of brand colors in long text Clear visual focus states Accessibility is not a feature. It is a baseline requirement for effective support. Reusable UI Components Design systems define reusable elements such as: Search bars Category cards Info callouts Warning or note boxes Reusable components reduce design debt and ensure a familiar experience across the help center. Content Patterns Are Part of the Design System Design systems are not just visual. Content patterns matter just as much. Examples: How steps are written How errors are explained How prerequisites are listed How next steps are introduced When content follows consistent patterns, users know what to expect before they read. Design Systems Improve Search and SEO Consistency helps both users and search engines. Well-structured systems: Use proper heading hierarchy Keep text selectable and readable Avoid visual-only content This improves crawlability, featured snippet eligibility, and AI summaries. Design Systems Reduce Support Team Effort Without a system: Writers guess layouts Designers fix inconsistencies Editors spend time correcting basics With a system: Content creation is faster Reviews focus on accuracy, not formatting New contributors onboard quickly Consistency saves time across the entire support workflow. Mini Example: Before and After a Design System Before Articles written in different styles Mixed tone and structure Users jumping between pages After Standard article templates Clear visual hierarchy Predictable navigation Result: Faster time to answer Higher article helpfulness Fewer repeated tickets The content did not change much. The system did. How to Start Building a Help Center Design System You do not need to start from scratch. Step 1: Audit Existing Content Identify: Common patterns Inconsistencies High-performing articles Step 2: Define Core Templates Create templates for: How-to guides Troubleshooting articles Concept explanations Step 3: Document the Rules Write down: Layout standards Writing guidelines Component usage Step 4: Apply Gradually Update high-traffic articles first. Expand over time. Common Mistakes to Avoid Copying marketing design systems directly Over-customizing layouts Ignoring accessibility Treating design systems as static Help center design systems should evolve with user needs. Design Systems and the User Journey Consistent design supports the entire help center journey. Users: Recognize patterns quickly Navigate with confidence Recover easily when stuck Design systems act as invisible guidance throughout the journey. Conclusion Help center design systems for consistent support experiences are not about making help centers look uniform. They are about making them predictable, trustworthy, and easy to use . When design and content follow shared rules, users spend less time figuring out how things work and more time solving their problems. Consistency reduces friction, improves self-service success, and strengthens trust in support content. FAQ: Help Center Design Systems What is a help center design system? It is a set of reusable design and content rules that ensure consistent layout, tone, and structure across a help center. How is it different from a product design system? Help center systems prioritize clarity, readability, and problem-solving over visual branding. Do small help centers need design systems? Yes. Even small help centers benefit from consistency and clear patterns. How often should a design system be updated? Review it regularly, especially after product changes or major content updates. Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand ArtherJames ArtherJames ArtherJames Follow Joined Jul 6, 2024 • Dec 19 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Well explained and easy to follow. The focus on consistency, clarity and usability makes a strong case for why design systems improve support experiences. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse FreePixel Follow FreePixel is a freemium microstock and AI creative platform offering high-quality images and smart AI tools for creators, designers, and businesses. https://www.freepixel.com Location kanpur Joined Aug 11, 2025 More from FreePixel Help Center Design Consistency Rules for Trust and Clarity # helpcenter # uxdesign # customersupport # knowledgebase Help Center Visual Hierarchy Techniques That Guide User Attention # helpcenter # uxdesign # visualdesign # customersupport Personalized Help Center Experiences Using Customer Data # helpcenter # customersupport # uxwriting # techwriting 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Design Community — Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/colocodes/react-class-components-vs-function-components-23m6#Lifecycle | React: class components vs function components - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Cedric Bonjour Cedric Bonjour Cedric Bonjour Follow Jan 20 '25 Why Does Editing CSV Files Always Feel So Difficult? # productivity # github # database # datascience 18 reactions Comments 11 comments 4 min read Ecommerce App Deployment with Flask (Python), GitHub, Jenkins, Docker, and EC2. 🚀 Yusra Liaqat Yusra Liaqat Yusra Liaqat Follow Jan 24 '25 Ecommerce App Deployment with Flask (Python), GitHub, Jenkins, Docker, and EC2. 🚀 # devops # jenkins # github # aws Comments Add Comment 4 min read Mastering Git Stash: A Handy Tool for Managing Uncommitted Changes Idris Idris Idris Follow Dec 21 '24 Mastering Git Stash: A Handy Tool for Managing Uncommitted Changes # github # webdev # git # gitlab Comments Add Comment 4 min read 25 Git Commands Every Developer Should Know sachinkg12 sachinkg12 sachinkg12 Follow Jan 23 '25 25 Git Commands Every Developer Should Know # git # github # cheatsheet # versioncontrol 22 reactions Comments 4 comments 4 min read Step-by-Step Guide to Creating and Merging Feature Branches in Git mrcaption49 mrcaption49 mrcaption49 Follow Jan 24 '25 Step-by-Step Guide to Creating and Merging Feature Branches in Git # git # github # gitlab # githubactions 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Customize Your GitHub Profile Like a Pro! 🚀 Davide Davide Davide Follow Jan 23 '25 How to Customize Your GitHub Profile Like a Pro! 🚀 # github # tutorial # learning # design 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read How I Turned My Habit Tracker Idea into Reality in 28 Days Jithin Jude Jithin Jude Jithin Jude Follow Jan 23 '25 How I Turned My Habit Tracker Idea into Reality in 28 Days # productivity # android # github # habit 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Introducing GitHub Kudos Manuel Doncel Martos Manuel Doncel Martos Manuel Doncel Martos Follow Jan 23 '25 Introducing GitHub Kudos # github # kudos # recommendation Comments Add Comment 2 min read The future of open-source monetization: trends and predictions 💥 Crypto.Andy (DEV) Crypto.Andy (DEV) Crypto.Andy (DEV) Follow Jan 23 '25 The future of open-source monetization: trends and predictions 💥 # opensource # webdev # programming # github 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Como eu tirei uma certificação oficial do Github em um dia Falcão Falcão Falcão Follow Jan 22 '25 Como eu tirei uma certificação oficial do Github em um dia # github # tutorial # programming # braziliandevs 14 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read 3 GitHub Hacks You Didn’t Know You Needed (But Totally Do!) 🚀 Shakil Alam Shakil Alam Shakil Alam Follow Jan 23 '25 3 GitHub Hacks You Didn’t Know You Needed (But Totally Do!) 🚀 # github # webdev # tutorial # productivity 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Will GitHub Copilot Replace Software Developers? Aditya Pratap Bhuyan Aditya Pratap Bhuyan Aditya Pratap Bhuyan Follow Dec 20 '24 Will GitHub Copilot Replace Software Developers? # github # githubcopilot # aidrivendevelopment Comments Add Comment 4 min read Integrating Ollama with GitHub Actions: Deploying a Private AI Agent on AWS Dr. Yaroslav Zhbankov Dr. Yaroslav Zhbankov Dr. Yaroslav Zhbankov Follow Jan 23 '25 Integrating Ollama with GitHub Actions: Deploying a Private AI Agent on AWS # ai # aws # github # security 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read 50+ Remote Job Websites You Need to Know About 🌍💼 Elliot Brenya sarfo Elliot Brenya sarfo Elliot Brenya sarfo Follow Jan 22 '25 50+ Remote Job Websites You Need to Know About 🌍💼 # remote # career # github 9 reactions Comments 2 comments 6 min read How I got an official Github Certification in one day Falcão Falcão Falcão Follow Jan 22 '25 How I got an official Github Certification in one day # github # tutorial # programming # git 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read Introducing Fincept Terminal 1.0: A New Era of Financial Analysis 🚀 jaimin patel jaimin patel jaimin patel Follow Jan 22 '25 Introducing Fincept Terminal 1.0: A New Era of Financial Analysis 🚀 # python # ai # opensource # github 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read The Ultimate Git & GitHub Guide: From Beginner to Advanced Parnab Bagchi Parnab Bagchi Parnab Bagchi Follow Jan 22 '25 The Ultimate Git & GitHub Guide: From Beginner to Advanced # git # github # beginners # development 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 11 min read Streamlining Your Git Commit Workflow: Commands and Handy Aliases ☕ Eduardo Maciel Eduardo Maciel Eduardo Maciel Follow for Woovi Jan 21 '25 Streamlining Your Git Commit Workflow: Commands and Handy Aliases ☕ # git # github # basic 11 reactions Comments 2 comments 2 min read Top 100 Advanced CI/CD Pipelines Interview Questions for Senior Developers Abhay Singh Kathayat Abhay Singh Kathayat Abhay Singh Kathayat Follow Jan 22 '25 Top 100 Advanced CI/CD Pipelines Interview Questions for Senior Developers # cicd # github # docker # kubernetes 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Github's Top 36 items of Dec 19, 2024 Gittech Gittech Gittech Follow Dec 19 '24 Github's Top 36 items of Dec 19, 2024 # webdev # programming # beginners # github 26 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read Git and Github Jemmy Dalsaniya Jemmy Dalsaniya Jemmy Dalsaniya Follow Jan 22 '25 Git and Github # git # github # tutorial # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read Git multi repository push at a time (git pushall) Nurul Islam Rimon Nurul Islam Rimon Nurul Islam Rimon Follow Jan 21 '25 Git multi repository push at a time (git pushall) # webdev # git # github # programming 6 reactions Comments 4 comments 1 min read 🔰Git e Github: Comandos basicos do git Edinei Cavalcanti Edinei Cavalcanti Edinei Cavalcanti Follow for edinei.dev Dec 18 '24 🔰Git e Github: Comandos basicos do git # git # github # 101 # braziliandevs Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#step-1-check-apigee-analytics | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#core-concepts | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://dev.to/tomivan/coding-challenge-practice-question-97-45k0 | Coding Challenge Practice - Question 97 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Bukunmi Odugbesan Posted on Jan 8 Coding Challenge Practice - Question 97 # algorithms # interview # challenge # javascript The task is to find the k-th largest element in an unsorted array which might contain duplicates. The boilerplate code function findKThLargest(arr, k) { // your code here } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The k-th largest element is the element that would appear in position K, if the array was arranged in descending order. The k-th largest element is the same as the (n-k)th smallest element. const target = arr.length - k; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Pick the last element as the pivot. All elements smaller than the pivot will be on the left, and elements bigger than the pivot will be on the right. function partition(left, right) { const pivot = arr[right]; let i = left; for (let j = left; j < right; j++) { if (arr[j] <= pivot) { [arr[i], arr[j]] = [arr[j], arr[i]]; i++; } } [arr[i], arr[right]] = [arr[right], arr[i]]; return i; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If the index of the pivot is equal to the target, then that's the k-th largest element. const pivotIndex = partition(left, right); if(pivotIndex === target) return arr[pivotIndex]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If the pivot index is less than the target, search the right side if (pivotIndex < target) return quickSelect(pivotIndex + 1, right); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If the pivot index is greater than the pivot, search the left side return quickSelect(left, pivotIndex - 1); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This way, only one side is explored which is faster than a full sort. The final code function findKThLargest(arr, k) { // your code here if(k < 1 || k > arr.length) return undefined; const target = arr.length - k; function partition(left, right) { const pivot = arr[right]; let i = left; for(let j = left; j < right; j++) { if(arr[j] <= pivot) { [arr[i], arr[j]] = [arr[j], arr[i]]; i++; } } [arr[i], arr[right]] = [arr[right], arr[i]]; return i; } function quickSelect(left, right) { const pivotIndex = partition(left, right); if(pivotIndex === target) return arr[pivotIndex]; if(pivotIndex < target) return quickSelect(pivotIndex + 1, right); return quickSelect(left, pivotIndex - 1); } return quickSelect(0, arr.length - 1); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That's all folks! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Bukunmi Odugbesan Follow On my way to being a polymath | Intelligence having fun Location Lekki Education Obafemi Awolowo University Pronouns He/Him Work Frontend developer at Innovastra Group Joined Jun 19, 2019 More from Bukunmi Odugbesan Coding Challenge Practice - Question 101 # algorithms # devchallenge # interview # javascript Coding Challenge Practice - Question 99 # interview # tutorial # devchallenge # javascript Coding Challenge Practice - Question 98 # challenge # interview # javascript 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.git-tower.com/blog/posts/tower-mac-15 | Tower 15 for Mac — Automatic Branch Management | Tower Blog You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download < Back to Blog Tower 15 for Mac — Automatic Branch Management Bruno Brito November 2025 | 6 min read Share: Tower 15 for Mac is here! This update introduces Automatic Branch Management, making it easier than ever to keep your repository tidy and clutter-free. We've also added significant improvements to the "History" view for better visualization of your work 😎 If you’ve ever felt overwhelmed by a cluttered sidebar full of old, merged, or long-forgotten branches, this release is for you! We know that managing a growing number of branches can be a real headache, distracting you from your main task: committing great code. Tower 15 takes the burden of branch hygiene off your shoulders, allowing you to automatically or manually archive branches that are no longer needed. All right, let's dive into what's new! For a quick walkthrough of what's new, check out our 3-minute video tour below: New "Fully Merged" and "Stale" Badges and Hint Views The first thing you will likely notice after updating Tower is a new set of badges in the "Branches" section of the sidebar. Tower 15 – New "Fully Merged" and "Stale" badges You will see new badges next to branches indicating if they are "Fully Merged" (meaning all their commits have been integrated into a primary branch) or the time they were last updated when they became "Stale" (meaning they haven't seen any activity for a while). These badges are complemented by a helpful hint view that appears when you select a fully merged or stale branch. This view provides a quick, one-click option to delete the branch, making the cleanup process a breeze! Tower 15 – "Fully Merged" and "Stale" Hint Views for quick deletion Automatic Branch Management While deleting a stale or fully merged branch is often a good choice, sometimes all you want is to hide a branch from sight. This is now possible with Tower 15 for Mac. You will notice a new "Archived Branches" view where you can: drag and drop any branch into this section. add any branch to this section by clicking on the context menu. Tower 15 – Archive Branches You can perform this process manually (you can even select multiple branches at once!) or allow Tower to automatically identify and handle them for you. If you choose the latter, you have two options: either click on the notification number in the footer, as shown in the example below… Tower 15 – Automatically Archive Branches …or enable this option by going to the Settings. In the "General" tab, you will find a new option labeled "Automatically archive stale and fully merged branches." Tower 15 – Automatically Archive Branches in Tower's Settings At any time, you can move a branch from the "Archived Branches" view back to the main "Branches" view by right-clicking on it and selecting the "Unarchive [BRANCH]" option. Tower 15 – "Unarchive Branch" option As you can see in the screenshot above, we've also added a "Skips Auto-Archiving" flag that allows you to keep a branch and prevents it from being automatically archived. This will also be the case for branches that you have pinned. Fork Point: See What's Unique Tower 15 also introduces a key visualization enhancement to help you understand your branch structure instantly. The "History" view now clearly shows the Fork Point , which is the exact commit where a branch diverged from its parent. Commits prior to this divergence will be shown grayed out. Tower 15 – New "Fork Point" If there are no exclusive commits to a branch yet, this will also be easily noticeable by the "No new commits on this branch" message. Tower 15 – "No new commits on this branch" message This visual improvement makes it much clearer to see exactly which commits were introduced by the branch you are currently viewing relative to its parent branch. No more guessing — just a clean, visual representation of your branch's scope. macOS 26 Tahoe Support As you know, we are always dedicated to offering the best experience on the Mac platform. We're happy to report that Tower 15 is fully compatible with the new operating system, macOS 26 Tahoe . Here it is in all its glory! Tower 15 in macOS 26 Tahoe With Tahoe, a new theming system has been implemented. This means Tower 15 now includes a set of shiny new icons! To try them out, go to macOS's "System Settings > Appearance" and have a look at the "Icon & Widget style" section. New Tower 15 icons in macOS 26 Tahoe Other Improvements As usual, we took some time to implement improvements across the board. We revamped the sidebar footer, which now features a collapsible filter field and allows you to choose from several view settings. Tower 15 – Revamped Footer There is also a long list of other enhancements, most notably around the Pinned Branches feature to make it more robust and convenient: Pinned Branches: Pinned branches are now stored in the Git config and should not unpin anymore, ensuring your favorites always stay put. Pinned Branches: You can now pin and unpin multiple branches at once, saving you time. Pinned Branches: The "Pinned Branches" section in the sidebar is now automatically expanded for quick access. Pinned Branches: Undoing a branch delete now correctly restores the pinned flag. Sorting: Text is now sorted in many views using a localized standard compare to match system behavior across your Mac. Commit Signing: Tower now correctly handles SSH keys without a comment. Settings: Ref related view settings have been moved into the View menu. We also fixed some bugs! Here is what we addressed: Merge/Rebase: Tower could crash when using Quick Merge or Rebase. This has been fixed. History: A crash could occur when searching for whitespaces. This is fixed now. Worktrees: In some cases Tower could crash when accessing worktrees. It's working now. git-flow-next: Updating the workflow would crash in bare repositories. Not anymore. Working Copy: Some actions would crash when finishing, which is fixed now. Main Window: Tower could crash in certain cases when switching to a different repository in the same window. This has been fixed. Reset Revision: The text field did not allow entering arbitrary revisions anymore. It does allow them again now. Merge Conflict: The merge conflict wizard now allows resolving a "both deleted" conflict again. Merge Conflict: A crash has been fixed that sometimes occurred when a merge tool finished. We hope you enjoy this release! Happy committing! 😊 Not a Tower user yet? Download our 30-day free trial and experience a better way to work with Git! Try Tower 15 Now PS: Did you know? Tower Pro is now free for students as well as teachers and educational institutions! Table of Contents Introduction New "Fully Merged" and "Stale" Badges and Hint Views Automatic Branch Management Fork Point: See What's Unique macOS 26 Tahoe Support Other Improvements We make Tower, the best Git client. Try Tower Now Search the Blog Related Posts Tower 14 for Mac — Custom Git Workflows Tower 14 for Mac is here! This update allows you to create custom Git workflows, enabling you to define the exact workflow that meets your project's needs. Understanding the Stacked Pull Requests Workflow In this post, let's explore the “Stacked Pull Requests” workflow: who it is intended for, its benefits, and the challenges associated with this approach. How Framer Manages Their Codebase with Tower We sat down with Jonas Treub and Niels van Hoorn from the Framer team to understand how Tower assists them in version controlling the Framer codebase, so that their users can build stunning websites. We make Tower, the best Git client for Mac and Windows. We help over 100,000 users in companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, Twitter, and Ebay to easily & productively work with the Git version control system. Try it 30 days for free Your Download is in Progress… Giveaways. Cheat Sheets. eBooks. Discounts. 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https://dev.to/subhrangsu90/why-version-control-exists-the-pendrive-problem-d0 | Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Subhrangsu Bera Posted on Jan 12 Why Version Control Exists: The Pendrive Problem # git # github # vcs When I first started learning software development, I didn’t want to just memorize Git commands. I wanted to understand the why behind them. To find that answer, I went back to the basics — and that’s when I realized something important: The biggest enemy of a developer isn’t a bug. It’s the pendrive . This is the story of how software development moved from manual chaos to a Single Source of Truth . Phase 1: The Manual Sharing Problem Imagine you are working on a project as Developer 1 . You write some code and everything works fine. As the project grows, you need help with a feature or a bug, so Developer 2 joins in. Later, the scope increases even more, and Developer 3 becomes part of the team. In the early days, the solution was simple — and dangerous. You would copy the entire project onto a pendrive and hand it over. Developer 2 would make changes, then pass the same pendrive forward. That was collaboration. The Problems Loss of Control The moment the pendrive leaves your hand, you lose control over the codebase. The “What Changed?” Question When the pendrive comes back, you have no idea: What files were changed What lines were modified Why those changes were made The Overwrite Trap While the pendrive is away, you might continue working locally. Now there are two versions of the same file. When you try to combine them, one version overwrites the other. The Folder Mess To stay “safe,” you create folders like: final/ final_v2/ final_latest/ latest_final_fixed/ Nobody knows which one is correct. There is no source of truth — only confusion. Phase 2: Installing a Tracker (A Local Source of Truth) To escape the pendrive chaos, one thing becomes clear: I needed a source of truth . So I introduced a code tracker . Let’s call it CCT — ChaiCode Tracker . This wasn’t about collaboration yet. This was about clarity . CCT watches every change you make and records it permanently. What This Solves With CCT, your local machine finally becomes a single source of truth — at least for you. Now, if you need help from another developer, you can hand over the pendrive with CCT installed and the code tracked . When another developer modifies the code, those changes are also recorded. Suddenly, you can answer critical questions instantly: Who wrote this code? What exactly was changed? When and why did the change happen? If a bug appears, you don’t guess anymore. You can trace the exact change that introduced it and fix the problem properly. This is the moment development shifts from: “I think this change broke something.” To: “This commit introduced the issue.” The Limitation There’s still a major limitation. This source of truth is local . True collaboration still doesn’t exist. Developers can’t work in parallel , because the pendrive is still the bottleneck. Only one person can have the code at a time. CCT gives control — but not a collaboration. Why This Forces Phase 3 At this point, one realization becomes unavoidable: A source of truth is only useful if everyone agrees on it. That leads directly to the next step — moving this local source of truth to a central location where the entire team can rely on the same history. Phase 3: The Single Source of Truth The real breakthrough happens when the tracker is no longer local. Instead of tracking changes on individual machines, the tracker is moved to a central server — the CCT Server . What Changes Now This server becomes the Single Source of Truth for the entire team. Every developer connects to the same repository Everyone can work in parallel Every change is recorded in one shared history No more pendrives. No more emailing ZIP files. The physical transfer of code disappears — replaced by a digital remote server . This is the moment collaboration truly begins. Phase 4: The Tools We Use Today In modern development, this system is clearly split into two parts. 1. Version Control System (The Engine) Git Mercurial Subversion (SVN) TFS These tools handle: Change tracking History Accountability Rollbacks 2. VCS Remote (The Server) GitHub GitLab Bitbucket AWS CodeCommit Gitea These platforms provide: A shared repository Team collaboration Access control A true single source of truth Even the most popular tools were born from real pain. Linus Torvalds created Git to manage the Linux kernel — because massive collaboration simply could not survive with manual file sharing. Final Thoughts Version control is not just a technical tool. It’s a collaboration contract . The shift from pendrives to a Single Source of Truth is the moment a developer moves from working alone to working as part of a professional team. If you’ve ever wondered why Git feels mandatory — this is why. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Subhrangsu Bera Follow Joined Jan 12, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview Meme Monday # discuss # watercooler # jokes Prompt Engineering Won’t Fix Your Architecture # discuss # career # ai # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://forem.com/vishalmysore | vishalmysore - Forem Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions vishalmysore Experienced Software Architect and Developer. Hold Multiple patents on software Engineering and AI Location Toronto Joined Joined on Mar 26, 2024 Personal website https://github.com/vishalmysore/ github website More info about @vishalmysore Badges One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Currently learning Gemini, OpenAI, Anthropic Currently hacking on AI Post 95 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide vishalmysore vishalmysore vishalmysore Follow Jan 12 Building Interactive Data Visualizations in A2UI Angular: A Complete Guide # angular # javascript # tutorial # ui Comments Add Comment 4 min read Want to connect with vishalmysore? Create an account to connect with vishalmysore. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? 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vishalmysore Follow Nov 23 '25 Knowledge Graphs + LLM Integration: Query Your Ontology with Natural Language # rag # llm # tooling # ai Comments Add Comment 4 min read Protege AI Plugin for Ontology Engineering vishalmysore vishalmysore vishalmysore Follow Nov 22 '25 Protege AI Plugin for Ontology Engineering # llm # ai # opensource # tooling Comments Add Comment 6 min read MCP Passthrough Server: A Superior Solution for Protocol Bridging vishalmysore vishalmysore vishalmysore Follow Sep 24 '25 MCP Passthrough Server: A Superior Solution for Protocol Bridging Comments Add Comment 5 min read What is Google AP2 Protocol : Step by Step Guide with Examples vishalmysore vishalmysore vishalmysore Follow Sep 18 '25 What is Google AP2 Protocol : Step by Step Guide with Examples # google # tutorial # ai # security 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 5 min read How to Give AI Coding Assistants Complete Context Across Microservices with BMAD FKS vishalmysore vishalmysore vishalmysore Follow Sep 16 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https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#backend-service-is-slow-most-common-cause | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/agnamihira/http-402-explained-why-payment-driven-agent-authentication-is-the-next-leap-for-autonomous-2e5g | HTTP 402 Explained: Why payment-driven agent authentication is the next leap for autonomous operations - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Alix Gallardo Posted on Dec 10, 2025 HTTP 402 Explained: Why payment-driven agent authentication is the next leap for autonomous operations # ai # blockchain # ux Intro The idea of HTTP 402 “Payment Required” has mostly been a footnote in web standards (Has been in the graveyard for decades), but in today’s world of autonomous agents, it’s suddenly relevant. What would it mean if payment became the gatekeeper for API access, letting agents act on our behalf while staying secure and accountable? And how does this connect to Invent’s approach to practical, real-world AI operations? What if payments became the main way agents proved who they are, what they can do, and how much they’re allowed to do? Here’s what I’m seeing. Making agents autonomous but accountable When we visualize the future of support and automation, I see agents that aren’t just bots running static scripts. They’re real actors reading context, making decisions, and triggering workflows across all sorts of services, from web portals to logistics APIs. If you look around, the current toolbox for authentication is getting messy: endless static API keys, privileged credentials leaking everywhere, and a nightmare to audit at scale, plus all the friction users face on multiple overwhelming UI's. This is where HTTP 402 starts to get interesting. Instead of handing out permanent keys (that might get abused or forgotten), agents just pay-to-play or "pay per request", one API call at a time. Each request proves intent: “I’m authorized to perform this action, here’s payment, let this call through.” Credentials aren’t something you stash and guard forever, they’re ephemeral, budgeted, and self-limiting. The Advantages: Granularity, Safety, and Auditability The real power here is control. Imagine: Setting monthly (or even per-action) spend limits for each agent. Allowing or blocking specific endpoints in real time. Making every agent action traceable, since every call costs money and leaves a trail. Spotting abuse or weird patterns by simply watching the transaction history if a bot suddenly spends $200 on refunds, it gets flagged instantly. This transactional approach is way more granular than any static permission system. If an agent starts misbehaving or circumstances change, you simply cut off the budget or revoke right to pay no credential revocation drama. The Challenges: Ecosystem, UX, and Trust There are some big and obvious challenges: Most APIs are not ready for pay-as-you-go authentication models. It’s a chicken-and-egg problem for service providers and consumers. Agent-side user experience has to be frictionless, it should feel like seamless access, not a checkout process at every step. Trust and regulatory issues are real. Payments can be spoofed, transactions can be laundered, and oppressive metering could restrict innovation if not handled transparently. Governance questions, who approves, oversees, and resets agent budgets, need real answers before anyone goes live with critical ops. Still, for high-value APIs and critical operations, introducing payment as a gatekeeper signals intent, enables fine-grained controls, and discourages abuse (abusers go broke fast). What 402 unlocks If 402 catches on, we’ll see new pricing models charging not just for service access, but for each “capability” an agent consumes (per refund, per shipment, per fraud check). Entire agent ecosystems could emerge , where small specialist bots “sell” their function to bigger assistants, and every operation is both permissioned and priced in real time. APIs would finally have a native way to monetize at a granular level, and automated agents could become real first-class citizens in our operational meshes if we get the governance and user experience right. How we’re approaching the future at Invent At Invent , our assistants’ capabilities are focused on moving beyond scripted responses toward assistants that act more independently and with real accountability. We think approaches like payment-based authentication could help set new safety standards, making it possible to scale autonomous support, unlock new business models for agencies and marketplaces, and ensure that both AI and humans stay in the loop where it matters most. It’s early days, but it’s the next logical step for anyone serious about trustworthy, real-world AI operations. If you want to learn more about HTTP 402 take a look to Coinbase Docs Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Sagrario Meneses Sagrario Meneses Sagrario Meneses Follow Mexican passionate about software development Location Mexico Education MX-IPN Pronouns She, Her Work Senior Software Artisan Joined Dec 26, 2021 • Dec 10 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Welcome to the DEV Community! and nice post. The shift from static credentials to ephemeral, budgeted access is a necessary next step to bring real-world governance to AI agents. Thank you so much for sharing how you and your team are approaching this and focusing on building accountable assistants. Excited to read more of your thoughts on this platform! Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Alix Gallardo Follow Co-founder @useinvent🪄 // Always DX // @zydeer Location US Joined Dec 10, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot I Built an AI-Powered Trend Analysis Tool Using the Virlo API (Here's How It Works) # python # ai # api # news Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # top7 # discuss I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. 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Report Abuse Science News Posted on Aug 5, 2025 Heavy drinking raises the risk of pregnancy by 50% in women who strongly wish to avoid it, while cannabis use does not # science # healthtech # biotech # genomics Addiction Journal › Heavy Drinking Raises the Risk of Undesired Pregnancy; Cannabis Use Does Not addictionjournal.org Heavy drinking really ups the odds of an “oops” pregnancy. In a year-long observational study of 936 non-pregnant women (aged 15–34) who were dead set against getting pregnant, those who drank heavily had a 50% higher risk of an unintended pregnancy compared to moderate drinkers or teetotalers. By contrast, cannabis users—even daily ones—were just as unlikely to conceive by accident as non-users. Lead author Dr Sarah Raifman points out the puzzle: heavy drinkers actually want to avoid pregnancy even more than others, yet still end up with more unplanned pregnancies. The next step is figuring out why this mismatch happens. 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https://www.git-tower.com/blog/tower-mac-15#post-detail | Tower 15 for Mac — Automatic Branch Management | Tower Blog You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download < Back to Blog Tower 15 for Mac — Automatic Branch Management Bruno Brito November 2025 | 6 min read Share: Tower 15 for Mac is here! This update introduces Automatic Branch Management, making it easier than ever to keep your repository tidy and clutter-free. We've also added significant improvements to the "History" view for better visualization of your work 😎 If you’ve ever felt overwhelmed by a cluttered sidebar full of old, merged, or long-forgotten branches, this release is for you! We know that managing a growing number of branches can be a real headache, distracting you from your main task: committing great code. Tower 15 takes the burden of branch hygiene off your shoulders, allowing you to automatically or manually archive branches that are no longer needed. All right, let's dive into what's new! For a quick walkthrough of what's new, check out our 3-minute video tour below: New "Fully Merged" and "Stale" Badges and Hint Views The first thing you will likely notice after updating Tower is a new set of badges in the "Branches" section of the sidebar. Tower 15 – New "Fully Merged" and "Stale" badges You will see new badges next to branches indicating if they are "Fully Merged" (meaning all their commits have been integrated into a primary branch) or the time they were last updated when they became "Stale" (meaning they haven't seen any activity for a while). These badges are complemented by a helpful hint view that appears when you select a fully merged or stale branch. This view provides a quick, one-click option to delete the branch, making the cleanup process a breeze! Tower 15 – "Fully Merged" and "Stale" Hint Views for quick deletion Automatic Branch Management While deleting a stale or fully merged branch is often a good choice, sometimes all you want is to hide a branch from sight. This is now possible with Tower 15 for Mac. You will notice a new "Archived Branches" view where you can: drag and drop any branch into this section. add any branch to this section by clicking on the context menu. Tower 15 – Archive Branches You can perform this process manually (you can even select multiple branches at once!) or allow Tower to automatically identify and handle them for you. If you choose the latter, you have two options: either click on the notification number in the footer, as shown in the example below… Tower 15 – Automatically Archive Branches …or enable this option by going to the Settings. In the "General" tab, you will find a new option labeled "Automatically archive stale and fully merged branches." Tower 15 – Automatically Archive Branches in Tower's Settings At any time, you can move a branch from the "Archived Branches" view back to the main "Branches" view by right-clicking on it and selecting the "Unarchive [BRANCH]" option. Tower 15 – "Unarchive Branch" option As you can see in the screenshot above, we've also added a "Skips Auto-Archiving" flag that allows you to keep a branch and prevents it from being automatically archived. This will also be the case for branches that you have pinned. Fork Point: See What's Unique Tower 15 also introduces a key visualization enhancement to help you understand your branch structure instantly. The "History" view now clearly shows the Fork Point , which is the exact commit where a branch diverged from its parent. Commits prior to this divergence will be shown grayed out. Tower 15 – New "Fork Point" If there are no exclusive commits to a branch yet, this will also be easily noticeable by the "No new commits on this branch" message. Tower 15 – "No new commits on this branch" message This visual improvement makes it much clearer to see exactly which commits were introduced by the branch you are currently viewing relative to its parent branch. No more guessing — just a clean, visual representation of your branch's scope. macOS 26 Tahoe Support As you know, we are always dedicated to offering the best experience on the Mac platform. We're happy to report that Tower 15 is fully compatible with the new operating system, macOS 26 Tahoe . Here it is in all its glory! Tower 15 in macOS 26 Tahoe With Tahoe, a new theming system has been implemented. This means Tower 15 now includes a set of shiny new icons! To try them out, go to macOS's "System Settings > Appearance" and have a look at the "Icon & Widget style" section. New Tower 15 icons in macOS 26 Tahoe Other Improvements As usual, we took some time to implement improvements across the board. We revamped the sidebar footer, which now features a collapsible filter field and allows you to choose from several view settings. Tower 15 – Revamped Footer There is also a long list of other enhancements, most notably around the Pinned Branches feature to make it more robust and convenient: Pinned Branches: Pinned branches are now stored in the Git config and should not unpin anymore, ensuring your favorites always stay put. Pinned Branches: You can now pin and unpin multiple branches at once, saving you time. Pinned Branches: The "Pinned Branches" section in the sidebar is now automatically expanded for quick access. Pinned Branches: Undoing a branch delete now correctly restores the pinned flag. Sorting: Text is now sorted in many views using a localized standard compare to match system behavior across your Mac. Commit Signing: Tower now correctly handles SSH keys without a comment. Settings: Ref related view settings have been moved into the View menu. We also fixed some bugs! Here is what we addressed: Merge/Rebase: Tower could crash when using Quick Merge or Rebase. This has been fixed. History: A crash could occur when searching for whitespaces. This is fixed now. Worktrees: In some cases Tower could crash when accessing worktrees. It's working now. git-flow-next: Updating the workflow would crash in bare repositories. Not anymore. Working Copy: Some actions would crash when finishing, which is fixed now. Main Window: Tower could crash in certain cases when switching to a different repository in the same window. This has been fixed. Reset Revision: The text field did not allow entering arbitrary revisions anymore. It does allow them again now. Merge Conflict: The merge conflict wizard now allows resolving a "both deleted" conflict again. Merge Conflict: A crash has been fixed that sometimes occurred when a merge tool finished. We hope you enjoy this release! Happy committing! 😊 Not a Tower user yet? Download our 30-day free trial and experience a better way to work with Git! Try Tower 15 Now PS: Did you know? Tower Pro is now free for students as well as teachers and educational institutions! Table of Contents Introduction New "Fully Merged" and "Stale" Badges and Hint Views Automatic Branch Management Fork Point: See What's Unique macOS 26 Tahoe Support Other Improvements We make Tower, the best Git client. Try Tower Now Search the Blog Related Posts Tower 14 for Mac — Custom Git Workflows Tower 14 for Mac is here! This update allows you to create custom Git workflows, enabling you to define the exact workflow that meets your project's needs. Understanding the Stacked Pull Requests Workflow In this post, let's explore the “Stacked Pull Requests” workflow: who it is intended for, its benefits, and the challenges associated with this approach. How Framer Manages Their Codebase with Tower We sat down with Jonas Treub and Niels van Hoorn from the Framer team to understand how Tower assists them in version controlling the Framer codebase, so that their users can build stunning websites. We make Tower, the best Git client for Mac and Windows. We help over 100,000 users in companies like Apple, Google, Amazon, Twitter, and Ebay to easily & productively work with the Git version control system. Try it 30 days for free Your Download is in Progress… Giveaways. Cheat Sheets. eBooks. Discounts. 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https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#servicecallout-overuse | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. 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Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#too-many-or-heavy-policies-in-the-proxy | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-rest-api-authorization-with-jwt-roles-vs-claims-vs-policy-step-by-step-5bgn#roles | Asp Net Core - Rest API Authorization with JWT (Roles Vs Claims Vs Policy) - Step by Step - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohamad Lawand Posted on Oct 18, 2021 Asp Net Core - Rest API Authorization with JWT (Roles Vs Claims Vs Policy) - Step by Step # dotnet # csharp # jet # authorization In this article we will go through AspNet Core Authorisation (Roles, Claims and Policies). When do you want to use each and give you a better understanding on they fit together. So what we will cover today: Authentication vs Authorisation What is Authentication What is Authorisation Authorisation type What is a Role What is a Claim What is a Policy Ingredients Code and Implementations You can watch the full video on YouTube You can find the source code on GitHub https://github.com/mohamadlawand087/v48-AspNetCore-Authorisation This is Part 4 of API dev series you can check the different parts by following the links: Part 1: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-2mb6 Part 2: https://dev.to/moe23/asp-net-core-5-rest-api-authentication-with-jwt-step-by-step-140d Part 3: https://dev.to/moe23/refresh-jwt-with-refresh-tokens-in-asp-net-core-5-rest-api-step-by-step-3en5 Authentication vs Authorisation Before we dive into this topic too deep, despite the similar-sounding terms, authentication and authorisation are separate steps in the login process. Authentication Authentication is the act of validating that users are whom they claim to be. This is the first step in any security process. Logging into your email or unlocking your phone is a form of authenticaiton, where you are required to give some sort of credentials so the system will let you in and you can view your information. Authentication can take many forms: Passwords. Usernames and passwords ****are the most common authentication factors. If a user enters the correct data, the system assumes the identity is valid and grants access. One-time pins. Grant access for only one session or transaction. Authentication apps. Generate security codes via an outside party that grants access. Biometrics. A user presents a fingerprint or eye scan to gain access to the system. In some instances, systems require the successful verification of more than one factor before granting access. This multi-factor authentication (MFA) requirement is often deployed to increase security beyond what passwords alone can provide. Authorisation: we first need to define what authentication actually is, and more importantly, what it’s not. Refers to the process that determines what a user is able to do. In other words, Authorization proves you have the right to make a request. When you try to go backstage at a concert or an event, you don’t necessarily have to prove that you are who you say you are – you show the ticket, which is the proof that you have the right to be where you’re trying to get into. Authorization is independent from authentication. However, authorization requires an authentication mechanism. Roles: They are a set of permissions to do certain activities in the application. We can think of a role as if its a boolean wether we have this role or not, true or false. So what we do with roles is we attach functionality to a role and once we assign a user to a role those set of functionalities are set to the user. Once we remove the role these functionalities are removed. A role will protect access to the funciton, without the user having that correct role the user will not be able to execute that function Claims: They are completely different from Roles, Claim based is more flexible then roles they are key value pair. The claim belong to a user or an entity and claim is used to describe the user or the entity. Claims are essentially user properties and they inform the authorisation about the user. To illustrate it more let us check the driver license example again We can see here that there is 11 claims on this licesne which basically mean there is 11 pieces of information about the user. So if we want to translate this into a code based structure it will be something like this { "dl" : "123456789" , "exp" : "07/11/2025" , "ln" : "DOE" , "fn" : "John" , "dob" : "09/05/1993" , "sex" : "M" , "hair" : "brn" , "eyes" : "blue" , "hgt" : "6.0" "wgt" : "183lb" , "class" : "C" } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode So these claims will be given to the user once they log in. Claims can work with roles or with out roles, based on how we want to implement the authorisation process. Policy: They are functions or rules which are used to check the user information and check if permission is granted or denied. Policies which basically starts with the context which checks the user against a policy list and based on the list it will either grant or deny permision to the requested resource. Role based authrisation and Claims based authorisation use requirements, a requirements handler and a pre-configured policy. Policy consist of one or more requirements Roles vs Claims vs Policy A role is a symbolic category that collects together users who share the same levels of security privileges. Role-based authorization requires first identifying the user, then ascertaining the roles to which the user is assigned, and finally comparing those roles to the roles that are authorized to access a resource. In contrast, a claim is not group based, rather it is identity based. Code We will continue building on the last project that we used authorisation with JWT token you can find the source code on github https://github.com/mohamadlawand087/v8-refreshtokenswithJWT Once we clone this repo we can start building our authorisation The first thing we need to do is to update the startup class to include Roles in our identity providers. Inside the ConfigureServices in the Startup class we need to update the following services . AddIdentity < IdentityUser , IdentityRole >( options => options . SignIn . RequireConfirmedAccount = true ) . AddEntityFrameworkStores < ApiDbContext >(); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Then we need to do is to create a new controller called SetupController inside the controller folder and add the following [ Route ( "api/[controller]" )] // api/setup [ ApiController ] public class SetupController : ControllerBase { private readonly ApiDbContext _context ; private readonly RoleManager < IdentityRole > _roleManager ; private readonly UserManager < IdentityUser > _userManager ; protected readonly ILogger < SetupController > _logger ; public SetupController ( ApiDbContext context , RoleManager < IdentityRole > roleManager , UserManager < IdentityUser > userManager , ILogger < SetupController > logger ) { _logger = logger ; _roleManager = roleManager ; _userManager = userManager ; _context = context ; } [ HttpGet ] public IActionResult GetAllRoles () { var roles = _roleManager . Roles . ToList (); return Ok ( roles ); } [ HttpPost ] public async Task < IActionResult > CreateRole ( string roleName ) { var roleExist = await _roleManager . RoleExistsAsync ( roleName ); if (! roleExist ) { //create the roles and seed them to the database: Question 1 var roleResult = await _roleManager . CreateAsync ( new IdentityRole ( roleName )); if ( roleResult . Succeeded ) { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , "Roles Added" ); return Ok ( new { result = $"Role { roleName } added successfully" }); } else { _logger . LogInformation ( 2 , "Error" ); return BadRequest ( new { error = $"Issue adding the new { roleName } role" }); } } return BadRequest ( new { error = "Role already exist" }); } // Get all users [ HttpGet ] [ Route ( "GetAllUsers" )] public async Task < IActionResult > GetAllUsers () { var users = await _userManager . Users . ToListAsync (); return Ok ( users ); } // Add User to role [ HttpPost ] [ Route ( "AddUserToRole" )] public async Task < IActionResult > AddUserToRole ( string email , string roleName ) { var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); if ( user != null ) { var result = await _userManager . AddToRoleAsync ( user , roleName ); if ( result . Succeeded ) { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"User { user . Email } added to the { roleName } role" ); return Ok ( new { result = $"User { user . Email } added to the { roleName } role" }); } else { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"Error: Unable to add user { user . Email } to the { roleName } role" ); return BadRequest ( new { error = $"Error: Unable to add user { user . Email } to the { roleName } role" }); } } // User doesn't exist return BadRequest ( new { error = "Unable to find user" }); } // Get specific user role [ HttpGet ] [ Route ( "GetUserRoles" )] public async Task < IActionResult > GetUserRoles ( string email ) { // Resolve the user via their email var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); // Get the roles for the user var roles = await _userManager . GetRolesAsync ( user ); return Ok ( roles ); } // Remove User to role [ HttpPost ] [ Route ( "RemoveUserFromRole" )] public async Task < IActionResult > RemoveUserFromRole ( string email , string roleName ) { var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); if ( user != null ) { var result = await _userManager . RemoveFromRoleAsync ( user , roleName ); if ( result . Succeeded ) { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"User { user . Email } removed from the { roleName } role" ); return Ok ( new { result = $"User { user . Email } removed from the { roleName } role" }); } else { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"Error: Unable to removed user { user . Email } from the { roleName } role" ); return BadRequest ( new { error = $"Error: Unable to removed user { user . Email } from the { roleName } role" }); } } // User doesn't exist return BadRequest ( new { error = "Unable to find user" }); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Once we finished with the SetupController let us move to the AuthManagement Controller and update the following // We need to add the following before the constructor private readonly RoleManager < IdentityRole > _roleManager ; protected readonly ILogger < AuthManagementController > _logger ; // We need to update the constructor to the following public AuthManagementController ( UserManager < IdentityUser > userManager , RoleManager < IdentityRole > roleManager , IOptionsMonitor < JwtConfig > optionsMonitor , TokenValidationParameters tokenValidationParams , ILogger < AuthManagementController > logger , ApiDbContext apiDbContext ) { _logger = logger ; _userManager = userManager ; _roleManager = roleManager ; _jwtConfig = optionsMonitor . CurrentValue ; _tokenValidationParams = tokenValidationParams ; _apiDbContext = apiDbContext ; } // We need to create a GetValidClaims method private async Task < List < Claim >> GetValidClaims ( IdentityUser user ) { IdentityOptions _options = new IdentityOptions (); var claims = new List < Claim > { new Claim ( "Id" , user . Id ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Email , user . Email ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Sub , user . Email ), new Claim ( JwtRegisteredClaimNames . Jti , Guid . NewGuid (). ToString ()), new Claim ( _options . ClaimsIdentity . UserIdClaimType , user . Id . ToString ()), new Claim ( _options . ClaimsIdentity . UserNameClaimType , user . UserName ), }; var userClaims = await _userManager . GetClaimsAsync ( user ); var userRoles = await _userManager . GetRolesAsync ( user ); claims . AddRange ( userClaims ); foreach ( var userRole in userRoles ) { claims . Add ( new Claim ( ClaimTypes . Role , userRole )); var role = await _roleManager . FindByNameAsync ( userRole ); if ( role != null ) { var roleClaims = await _roleManager . GetClaimsAsync ( role ); foreach ( Claim roleClaim in roleClaims ) { claims . Add ( roleClaim ); } } } return claims ; } // We need to update the GenerateJwtToken method var claims = await GetValidClaims ( user ); var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Subject = new ClaimsIdentity ( claims ), Expires = DateTime . UtcNow . AddMinutes ( 5 ), // 5-10 SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials ( new SymmetricSecurityKey ( key ), SecurityAlgorithms . HmacSha256Signature ) }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Next we need to update the TodoController attribute to add the roles to it [ Authorize ( AuthenticationSchemes = JwtBearerDefaults . AuthenticationScheme , Roles = "AppUser" )] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now let us give this a try Will create a new user Will create a role called AppUser Will assign the role to the user Will login and get a JWT token Will try to access GetItems endpoint Now we start by adding our ClaimSetup Controller, inside the controller folder will add a new class called ClaimSetupController and will add the following [ Route ( "api/[controller]" )] // api/ClaimSetup [ ApiController ] public class ClaimSetupController : ControllerBase { private readonly ApiDbContext _context ; private readonly RoleManager < IdentityRole > _roleManager ; private readonly UserManager < IdentityUser > _userManager ; protected readonly ILogger < ClaimSetupController > _logger ; public ClaimSetupController ( ApiDbContext context , RoleManager < IdentityRole > roleManager , UserManager < IdentityUser > userManager , ILogger < ClaimSetupController > logger ) { _logger = logger ; _roleManager = roleManager ; _userManager = userManager ; _context = context ; } [ HttpGet ] public async Task < IActionResult > GetAllClaims ( string email ) { var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); var claims = await _userManager . GetClaimsAsync ( user ); return Ok ( claims ); } // Add Claim to user [ HttpPost ] [ Route ( "AddClaimToUser" )] public async Task < IActionResult > AddClaimToUser ( string email , string claimName , string value ) { var user = await _userManager . FindByEmailAsync ( email ); var userClaim = new Claim ( claimName , value ); if ( user != null ) { var result = await _userManager . AddClaimAsync ( user , userClaim ); if ( result . Succeeded ) { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"the claim { claimName } add to the User { user . Email } " ); return Ok ( new { result = $"the claim { claimName } add to the User { user . Email } " }); } else { _logger . LogInformation ( 1 , $"Error: Unable to add the claim { claimName } to the User { user . Email } " ); return BadRequest ( new { error = $"Error: Unable to add the claim { claimName } to the User { user . Email } " }); } } // User doesn't exist return BadRequest ( new { error = "Unable to find user" }); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now we need to update the Startup class to create a Claims Policy, inside the Startup.cs in the root directoty we need to add the following in the ConfigureServices method services . AddAuthorization ( options => { options . AddPolicy ( "ViewItemsPolicy" , policy => policy . RequireClaim ( "ViewItems" )); }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Next we need to update the TodoController with the following on any action we want [ HttpGet ] [ Authorize ( Policy = "ViewItemsPolicy" )] public async Task < IActionResult > GetItems () { var items = await _context . Items . ToListAsync (); return Ok ( items ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Now let us test this Using the same account that we created earlier we need to add the claim to it We utilise the new endpoint we created http://localhost:8090/api/ClaimSetup/AddClaimToUser and we add the claim to the user account We try to access the http://localhost:8090/api/todo any other user who doesnt have the claim should not be able to access this. Top comments (7) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Mukhtar Khan Mukhtar Khan Mukhtar Khan Follow Joined Oct 2, 2024 • Oct 2 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Implementing REST API authorization in ASP.NET Core with JWT involves understanding roles, claims, and policies. Start by configuring JWT authentication in Startup.cs . Define roles for user types, use claims for specific permissions, and create policies for complex authorization scenarios. Finally, protect your endpoints using the [Authorize] attribute. For a detailed, step-by-step guide, visit** zelajet.com** for expert resources! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Manuel Manuel Manuel Follow Joined Oct 22, 2021 • Oct 22 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad! VERY THANKS for this series! It is very usefull for me! But I've one doubt. I've evrything configured in my API, but how I can configure my client to send the tokens in the requests to the API? So once I'm logued in I can retrive any data from the API? Thanks a lot! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GitRedaAmine GitRedaAmine GitRedaAmine Follow Joined Sep 29, 2021 • May 6 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide check if you have added the AllowAnyOrigin of your client app in your asp.net core project // global cors policy app.UseCors(x => x .SetIsOriginAllowed(origin => true) .AllowAnyMethod() .AllowAnyHeader() .AllowCredentials()); Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Suraj Nandi Suraj Nandi Suraj Nandi Follow I am a web developer Location West Bengal, India Joined Nov 3, 2020 • Sep 6 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad! It is very usefull for me! But I've one doubt, i can't update Role and Users using PUT method. Can you explain how to do this. By the way very very thanks for this! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GitRedaAmine GitRedaAmine GitRedaAmine Follow Joined Sep 29, 2021 • May 6 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It is nice article , very usefull,THANKS Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nitendra Godare Nitendra Godare Nitendra Godare Follow Joined May 29, 2023 • May 29 '23 • Edited on May 29 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Mohamad! When i clicked on source code URL, it's show 404 Not found. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ilyas Kazi Ilyas Kazi Ilyas Kazi Follow Solution Architect | Software Crafter Location Mumbai, India Work Solution Architect Joined Dec 22, 2020 • Jun 5 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @moe23 Please update on source code url Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohamad Lawand Follow Code is Life. Crossfitter. Technical Architect. Just another human walking the earth! https://youtube.com/c/mohamadlawand Location Manchester, UK Work Technical Architect Joined Jul 25, 2019 More from Mohamad Lawand .NET 8 💥 - Intro to Kubernetes for .NET Devs # dotnet # kubernetes # containers # docker .NET 6 - Background Jobs with Hangfire 🔥🔥🔥 # dotnet # tutorial # programming # backgroundjobs .NET 6 - AutoMapper & Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) 🗺 # dotnet # api # tutorial # performance 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.git-tower.com/blog/tower-windows-10#working-copy | Tower 10 for Windows — Introducing Graphite Support | Tower Blog You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Tower Navigation Features Undo Anything Just press Cmd+Z Drag and Drop Make the complex effortless Integrations Use your favorite tools Tower Workflows Branching Configurations Stacked Pull Requests Supercharged workflows All Features Release Notes Pricing Support Documentation Contact Us Account Login Learn Git Video Course 24 episodes Online Book From novice to master Cheat Sheets For quick lookup Webinar Learn from a Git professional First Aid Kit Recover from mistakes Advanced Git Kit Dive deeper Blog Download Download < Back to Blog Tower 10 for Windows — Introducing Graphite Support Bruno Brito November 2025 | 7 min read Share: The wait is over: Tower 10 has arrived! For enthusiasts of Stacked Pull Requests, this release is a game-changer. We're excited to announce comprehensive support for Graphite , integrating its most powerful features directly into Tower. You can now handle your stacked branches and craft Pull Requests seamlessly within our Git client ✌️ With our Tower 8.0 update , we set the stage for incorporating advanced Git workflows. Features like Branch Dependency and the "Restack" action were introduced, and the response from our user community has been overwhelmingly positive. Building on that foundation, Tower 10 now offers full support for Graphite's toolset, empowering you to merge changes into your projects faster than ever. This article will guide you through the essentials of Graphite and how it integrates with Tower 10. About Graphite If you want to enhance your team's Pull Request process and are unfamiliar with Graphite , you're in for a treat! Graphite employs a stack-based methodology that allows developers to work on several features in parallel by layering changes. This is often called the Stacked Pull Requests workflow . The idea is straightforward: by linking smaller, incremental Pull Requests, you reduce the amount of code to be reviewed. This leads to quicker integration and minimizes the chances of significant merge conflicts or bugs. Effective branch management is key to this approach, and this is where Graphite excels. Even if you are the sole user of this workflow in your team, it works flawlessly from the get-go. There's every reason to give it a shot! 😉 Graphite not only simplifies branch management but also provides a dedicated interface for code reviews (be sure to check out AI Reviews !) and complements GitHub by extending its functionality. In addition to its Web UI, Graphite provides: A CLI tool A VS Code extension You can discover more about Graphite in this article . We believed that integrating these capabilities into a Git client would be a great advantage, so we went ahead and did just that. Let's start the tour! Setting Up Graphite in Tower 10 To begin, simply click the "Workflows" button in the toolbar and select the new Graphite.dev entry. You will need a Graphite.dev account and the Graphite CLI tool (version 1.5.3 or higher) installed. Tower 10 – Enabling the Graphite Workflow ☝️ You may find the "Configure Workflow" button greyed out if you haven't configured Graphite yet. Make sure you install the CLI tool and configure the Graphite token by accessing Tower's terminal ("File -> Open in Terminal"). You'll be asked to specify the "Trunk" branch (typically main ) and your Graphite token , which should be detected automatically by Tower. We recommend installing the Graphite binary via npm , the standard package manager for Node.js. You'll notice the "Workflows" icon has changed to Graphite. Clicking it gives you quick access to popular Graphite commands and opens the Graphite dashboard in your browser. Tower 10 – Graphite Workflow in Toolbar Working with Graphite in Tower 10 Now is a great time to explore the Graphite commands you can run effortlessly in Tower! Working Copy With the Graphite workflow active, you'll see new options in the "Working Copy" view. We've introduced a "Create" action that lets you instantly make a new branch with your staged changes (equivalent to gt create in the Graphite CLI). This is a best practice in the Graphite workflow, which recommends treating each branch as a small, atomic changeset with a single commit initially. The "Commit" action is similar to the gt modify --commit command in Graphite: it adds a new commit to the current branch and automatically restacks if there are no conflicts. Tower 10 — "Working Copy" view ☝️ Tower's "Quick Amend" feature is also compatible with the Graphite workflow. To amend the current branch's commit, hold down ( Left Alt + CTRL ), and the "Commit" button will change to "Modify". This is the same as running gt modify in the Graphite CLI. Creating a Stacked Branch Graphite is centered around Stacked Branches, and creating a new one is simple: right-click on any branch to create a new stacked branch based on it. Tower 10 — Create New Stacked Branch In the following dialog, you can choose its parent branch for straightforward integration and opt to check it out right away. Tower 10 — Create New Stacked Branch Dialog From the context menu, you can also perform all other standard Graphite operations, like renaming, merging, squashing, or deleting branches. Tower 10 – Additional Context Menu Options Setting the Parent Branch You can change a branch's parent at any time, just as you would with Stacked Branches, by using the context menu and selecting "Track Parent Branch." In Graphite's terminology, this is known as "tracking" ( gt track ) and "untracking" ( gt untrack ) a stacked branch. Tower 10 – Setting the Parent Branch Restacking Restacking syncs all changes by rebasing each child branch onto its parent. Tower shows an icon in the sidebar for branches that need restacking. You can perform this action by right-clicking the branch and choosing "Restack [Branch]". In the branch's history, a yellow banner will also inform you that the branch needs to be restacked. Tower 10 — Restack Branch In the "Restack Branch" dialog, you'll see a "Restack Full Stack" option. If this is not checked, Tower/Graphite will restack the selected branch and its parents. If checked, the branch's children will also be restacked (hence "full stack"). Tower will let you know if any conflicts occur during the restack. Tower 10 — Restack Branch Dialog Syncing a Branch Right-clicking any branch also lets you "sync" it. This synchronizes all branches in the stack, much like the gt get command. Tower 10 — Sync Branch Dialog Tower also offers extra options, like restacking all branches in your repository. Submitting a Branch (To Create a Pull Request) You can submit a branch to create a PR by right-clicking it and selecting the option from the context menu. More options are available by clicking the drop-down arrow, such as updating only branches with existing open PRs. Tower 10 — Submit Branch to Graphite All open Pull Requests are accessible in Tower's "Pull Requests" view, in the sidebar or via the shortcut CTRL + 4 . Tower 10 — Pull Requests This view lets you inspect, merge, close, comment on, or check out pull requests without opening a browser. Merge Queue Graphite includes a Merge Queue feature that avoids semantic merge conflicts by automating the rebase process during merges. This keeps the trunk branch "green" and helps development teams move faster with fewer interruptions. In Tower, if a merge is possible, the Graphite branch is added to the merge queue. The merge is asynchronous, so you'll need to manually refresh and sync the branch to see if it has been merged. When a Graphite branch is sent to the merge queue, it's validated remotely. If it can be merged, it is; otherwise, the process fails. To do this, right-click the branch and choose "Add [BRANCH] to Merge Queue…" from Tower's context menu. Tower 10 — Graphite's Merge Queue Warning Messages While using Tower, you might accidentally disrupt Graphite's state with certain Git operations, like a git push . Tower will warn you when this might happen before you proceed. Tower 10 — Warning Message You can enable or disable these prompts in the "Integration" tab of Tower's Settings. Tower 10 — Integration Settings Other Improvements As always, we've also made some other improvements under the hood. Here's a list of the improvements and bug fixes we've addressed: System Menu: The Alt + SPACE shortcut now works as expected. Submodules: Navigation through nested submodules has been refined. Portable Git has been updated to version 2.51.2 for improved compatibility and performance. We hope you enjoy this release! Happy stacking! 😊 Not a Tower user yet? Download our 30-day free trial and see a better way to work with Git! Try Tower 10 Now PS: Did you know? Tower Pro is now free for students and teachers and educational institutions! Table of Contents Introduction About Graphite Setting Up Graphite in Tower 10 Working with Graphite in Tower 10 Other Improvements We make Tower, the best Git client. Try Tower Now Search the Blog Related Posts Meet Graphite – The AI Developer Productivity Platform Tired of endless code review cycles? Find out how Graphite's AI-powered platform and stacked PRs are helping teams like Asana and Vercel ship code faster. 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https://design.forem.com/timedwards/how-to-vibe-code-a-web-scraper-for-non-coders-2cff | How to Vibe Code a Web Scraper for Non-Coders - Design Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Design Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Tim Edwards Posted on Aug 22, 2025 How to Vibe Code a Web Scraper for Non-Coders # webscraping # nocode If you’re running a SaaS, freelancing, or just data-curious, chances are you’ve wanted to grab data from a website. Competitor prices. Customer reviews. Job listings. It’s all sitting there in plain sight. The catch? It’s not exactly export-friendly. That’s where web scraping comes in. And before you panic—yes, you can do it. Even if you don’t think of yourself as “technical.” We’re going to vibe code a scraper: write just enough Python to get results, then talk about what to do when your project outgrows quick hacks. A Tiny Python Scraper (You Can Follow Along) Let’s start small. Open up a file called scraper.py and drop this in: import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # The page we want to scrape url = "https://quotes.toscrape.com" # Fetch the page response = requests.get(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser") # Grab all the quotes quotes = soup.find_all("span", class_="text") for q in quotes: print(q.get_text()) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Run it, and boom—you’ll see quotes printed out in your terminal. What’s happening? requests goes and fetches the page. BeautifulSoup turns messy HTML into something you can search. We grab all the span.text elements and print them. That’s it. No PhD in computer science required. The Problem With DIY Scrapers This little script is fine for a fun project. But the second you point it at a real target—say Amazon, Google, or Walmart—you’ll hit walls fast. Blocked requests: Sites detect you scraping and ban your IP. CAPTCHAs: Suddenly you’re solving puzzles instead of collecting data. JavaScript rendering: Half the page doesn’t load because it’s powered by scripts, not static HTML. Scaling: Scraping a handful of pages works. Scraping thousands? Your script melts. In other words: DIY scrapers are like toy cars. Fun to push around the desk, but don’t take them on the highway. Enter ScraperAPI : The Big-Kid Solution This is where ScraperAPI comes in. Instead of fighting websites yourself, you hand ScraperAPI the URL and it fights the battle for you—rotating proxies, dodging CAPTCHAs, and even rendering JavaScript when needed. Here’s what your scraper looks like with ScraperAPI: import requests API_KEY = "YOUR_SCRAPERAPI_KEY" url = "https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08N5WRWNW" # Example product payload = { "api_key": API_KEY, "url": url } response = requests.get("http://api.scraperapi.com", params=payload) print(response.text) # Clean HTML, ready to parse Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode That’s it. No proxy setup. No sleepless nights worrying about bans. Just clean, usable HTML. Why This Matters for Non-Coders Think about it: With your tiny Python script, you can scrape a blog, a hobby site, or a static page. Great for learning. With ScraperAPI, you can scale. Thousands of pages. Complex, dynamic websites. JSON pipelines that hand you structured data. If you’re a SaaS founder, that’s the difference between tinkering and shipping. You can: Pull competitor pricing from Amazon automatically. Feed fresh leads from Google Jobs into your CRM. Monitor product reviews across Walmart and Amazon at scale. Instead of babysitting brittle scripts, you’re free to build the thing that matters: your product. You don’t have to be a coder to build a scraper. With a few lines of Python, you can “vibe code” your first one and see results today. That’s empowering, and it helps you understand what’s possible. But when you’re ready for bigger jobs, scraping thousands of pages, dealing with real-world websites, ScraperAPI is the smarter play . It handles the hard stuff so you can stay focused on using the data, not chasing it. Start small, vibe code your way in, then scale up with ScraperAPI when you’re ready to take the training wheels off. Top comments (1) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand William William William Follow Joined Sep 24, 2025 • Sep 24 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, your post is awesome!!! Where are you from? Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Tim Edwards Follow web dev, content and Ai vibe coding Location London Joined Aug 18, 2025 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Design Community — Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Design Community © 2016 - 2026. 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https://dev.to/t/github/page/9 | GitHub Page 9 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close GitHub Follow Hide "Where the world builds software" Create Post Older #github posts 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Day I made production go down, I Built ENVECL Haripriya Veluchamy Haripriya Veluchamy Haripriya Veluchamy Follow Dec 18 '25 The Day I made production go down, I Built ENVECL # webdev # github # terraform # fastapi 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🐍 Building an FX Trading Edge: Creating a Python Client for the FXMacroData API Robert Tidball Robert Tidball Robert Tidball Follow for FXMacroData Nov 25 '25 🐍 Building an FX Trading Edge: Creating a Python Client for the FXMacroData API # python # api # github # programming 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read # Git Tips for Real Life: Stuff That Actually Happens at Work Hemant Hemant Hemant Follow Dec 16 '25 # Git Tips for Real Life: Stuff That Actually Happens at Work # webdev # programming # git # github 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 27 min read Gitflow and GitHub-flow Shelner Shelner Shelner Follow Dec 29 '25 Gitflow and GitHub-flow # git # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read New repository engagements page on trendshift.io Julian Li Julian Li Julian Li Follow Nov 25 '25 New repository engagements page on trendshift.io # github # opensource # developer # webdev Comments Add Comment 2 min read Terminal commands to check Git remote configurations K-kibet K-kibet K-kibet Follow Nov 27 '25 Terminal commands to check Git remote configurations # terminal # cli # git # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read I spent years mastering Git, then Lazygit made me faster in a week. <devtips/> <devtips/> <devtips/> Follow Dec 17 '25 I spent years mastering Git, then Lazygit made me faster in a week. # webdev # programming # github # git 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 27 min read Git The Game Changer Satpalsinh Rana Satpalsinh Rana Satpalsinh Rana Follow Dec 28 '25 Git The Game Changer # git # github 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 6 min read What GitHub Metrics Don’t Tell You — And What I Learned by Analyzing My Own History David Silvera David Silvera David Silvera Follow Nov 28 '25 What GitHub Metrics Don’t Tell You — And What I Learned by Analyzing My Own History # git # development # datascience # github Comments Add Comment 5 min read How I Automated My GitHub Profile (And You Can Too) Nick Taylor Nick Taylor Nick Taylor Follow Nov 30 '25 How I Automated My GitHub Profile (And You Can Too) # github # career # contentwriting # devrel 107 reactions Comments 37 comments 5 min read How I Stopped Mixing Personal and Work GitHub Accounts Adrian Darian Adrian Darian Adrian Darian Follow Dec 21 '25 How I Stopped Mixing Personal and Work GitHub Accounts # github # automation # security # opensource 24 reactions Comments 5 comments 2 min read Microsoft и GitHub представили инструмент для устранения уязвимостей с помощью ИИ ad layer ad layer ad layer Follow Nov 24 '25 Microsoft и GitHub представили инструмент для устранения уязвимостей с помощью ИИ # microsoft # github # security # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Check the Number of Lines Changed in Your Current Git Branch Compared to Main Shawon Saha Shawon Saha Shawon Saha Follow Nov 24 '25 How to Check the Number of Lines Changed in Your Current Git Branch Compared to Main # git # github Comments Add Comment 1 min read Git for Beginners: Basics and Essential Commands Kunal ' Kunal ' Kunal ' Follow Dec 28 '25 Git for Beginners: Basics and Essential Commands # git # github # webdev # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read How I Fixed the “Large Files Detected” Error When Pushing a Terraform Project to GitHub Christiana Otoboh Christiana Otoboh Christiana Otoboh Follow Nov 22 '25 How I Fixed the “Large Files Detected” Error When Pushing a Terraform Project to GitHub # terraform # beginners # github # devops Comments Add Comment 2 min read Are you struggling to let non-technical clients edit SSG sites easily? Farhad Hossen Farhad Hossen Farhad Hossen Follow Nov 23 '25 Are you struggling to let non-technical clients edit SSG sites easily? # ssg # astro # hugo # github Comments Add Comment 3 min read Use Multiple GitHub Accounts on One Machine (SSH) Munir Ahmad Munir Ahmad Munir Ahmad Follow Dec 14 '25 Use Multiple GitHub Accounts on One Machine (SSH) # gitconfiguration # github # sshkeys # multipleaccounts 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read GitHub Universe 2025 Recap David Pereira David Pereira David Pereira Follow Nov 22 '25 GitHub Universe 2025 Recap # ai # github # githubcopilot Comments Add Comment 5 min read How I Built a Documentation-Driven Development Workflow with Claude Code Huy Pham Huy Pham Huy Pham Follow Dec 25 '25 How I Built a Documentation-Driven Development Workflow with Claude Code # workflow # claudecode # claude # github Comments Add Comment 2 min read Introducing nenv — A portable, per-project Node.js runtime for Windows (no global install required) Sajjad Tabreez Sajjad Tabreez Sajjad Tabreez Follow Nov 21 '25 Introducing nenv — A portable, per-project Node.js runtime for Windows (no global install required) # webdev # node # github # javascript Comments Add Comment 2 min read Full Final Report | Adding a gRPC Plugin to Apache DolphinScheduler Chen Debra Chen Debra Chen Debra Follow Nov 20 '25 Full Final Report | Adding a gRPC Plugin to Apache DolphinScheduler # apachedolphinscheduler # grpc # github # opensource Comments Add Comment 3 min read gookit/goutil v0.7.2 Released: Enhanced Features & Fixes for an Improved Development Experience Inhere Inhere Inhere Follow Nov 20 '25 gookit/goutil v0.7.2 Released: Enhanced Features & Fixes for an Improved Development Experience # programming # github # development # backend Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to integrate Brakeman Security Scanner with GitHub Code Scanning Sam Partington Sam Partington Sam Partington Follow Dec 22 '25 How to integrate Brakeman Security Scanner with GitHub Code Scanning # security # cicd # github # rails 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Awesome A2A libraries: A curated list of Agent-to-Agent Libraries and SDKs Nik Nik Nik Follow Dec 23 '25 Awesome A2A libraries: A curated list of Agent-to-Agent Libraries and SDKs # ai # agents # github # a2a Comments Add Comment 1 min read How I decided to revive my project that was stale for 5 years... Ivan G. Ivan G. Ivan G. Follow Dec 2 '25 How I decided to revive my project that was stale for 5 years... # opensource # github # webdev # sideprojects 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://dev.to/vinay_sharma_e6ec1235f476/krack-attack-when-wpa2-was-not-as-safe-as-we-thought-3p0g | KRACK Attack - When WPA2 Was Not as Safe as We Thought - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Vinay Sharma Posted on Jan 10 KRACK Attack - When WPA2 Was Not as Safe as We Thought # cybersecurity # security # networking # privacy KRACK (Key Reinstallation Attack) is a Wi-Fi vulnerability discovered in 2017 It exposed a flaw in the WPA2 security protocol Attackers within range of a network could interfere with the Wi-Fi connection process This forced devices to reuse encryption keys The attack did not require the Wi-Fi password What this allowed Interception of Wi-Fi traffic Reading sensitive data Modification of unencrypted traffic Higher risk for unpatched and legacy devices Who was affected Mobile phones and laptops using WPA2 Home and enterprise Wi-Fi routers Devices connected to public Wi-Fi networks Current situation Security patches released after 2017 fixed the issue Devices that never received updates may still be vulnerable Key takeaway Even strong security protocols can have design flaws Regular updates and patching are essential WPA3 offers stronger protection going forward CyberSecurity #WiFiSecurity #KRACKAttack #WPA2 #NetworkSecurity #InfoSec #CyberAwareness #SecurityVulnerabilities #PatchManagement #WPA3 #EthicalHacking #CyberRisk Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Vinay Sharma Follow Coding is an art & I'm an artist Education B.Tech Pronouns Mr. Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Dec 29, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot AI should not be in Code Editors # programming # ai # productivity # discuss If a problem can be solved without AI, does AI actually make it better? # ai # architecture # discuss I Didn’t “Become” a Senior Developer. I Accumulated Damage. # programming # ai # career # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:49:21 |
https://future.forem.com/t/genomics#main-content | Genomics - Future Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Future Close # genomics Follow Hide Create Post Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu At Just One Year Old, He Joins Nature’s 10: The Story of a CRISPR Breakthrough EDITGENE EDITGENE EDITGENE Follow Dec 22 '25 At Just One Year Old, He Joins Nature’s 10: The Story of a CRISPR Breakthrough # biotech # healthtech # genomics # science Comments Add Comment 5 min read Diets low in carbs and fibre alters gut microbes and drives the growth of colon polyps causing colorectal cancer. Science News Science News Science News Follow Aug 12 '25 Diets low in carbs and fibre alters gut microbes and drives the growth of colon polyps causing colorectal cancer. # science # biotech # genomics # healthtech Comments Add Comment 1 min read Heavy drinking raises the risk of pregnancy by 50% in women who strongly wish to avoid it, while cannabis use does not Science News Science News Science News Follow Aug 5 '25 Heavy drinking raises the risk of pregnancy by 50% in women who strongly wish to avoid it, while cannabis use does not # science # healthtech # biotech # genomics Comments Add Comment 1 min read Between 10 and 13 million babies have been born via IVF in the 40 years since the world's first IVF infant was born Science News Science News Science News Follow Jul 29 '25 Between 10 and 13 million babies have been born via IVF in the 40 years since the world's first IVF infant was born # science # healthtech # biotech # genomics Comments Add Comment 1 min read Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Commercially Distributed Raw Milk Science News Science News Science News Follow Jul 29 '25 Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Commercially Distributed Raw Milk # healthtech # genomics # biotech # science Comments Add Comment 1 min read mRNA vaccine prompts immune system to attack cancer in mice, raising hopes for a universal cancer vaccine Science News Science News Science News Follow Jul 21 '25 mRNA vaccine prompts immune system to attack cancer in mice, raising hopes for a universal cancer vaccine # science # healthtech # biotech # genomics Comments Add Comment 1 min read Proof that adult brains make new neurons settles scientific controversy Science News Science News Science News Follow Jul 7 '25 Proof that adult brains make new neurons settles scientific controversy # science # biotech # genomics # healthtech Comments Add Comment 1 min read loading... trending guides/resources At Just One Year Old, He Joins Nature’s 10: The Story of a CRISPR Breakthrough 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Future — News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. 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