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https://dev.to/alexsergey/css-modules-vs-css-in-js-who-wins-3n25#introduction | CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sergey Posted on Mar 11, 2021 CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? # webdev # css # javascript # react Introduction In modern React application development, there are many approaches to organizing application styles. One of the popular ways of such an organization is the CSS-in-JS approach (in the article we will use styled-components as the most popular solution) and CSS Modules. In this article, we will try to answer the question: which is better CSS-in-JS or CSS Modules ? So let's get back to basics. When a web page was primarily set for storing textual documentation and didn't include user interactions, properties were introduced to style the content. Over time, the web became more and more popular, sites got bigger, and it became necessary to reuse styles. For these purposes, CSS was invented. Cascading Style Sheets. Cascading plays a very important role in this name. We write styles that lay like a waterfall over the hollows of our document, filling it with colors and highlighting important elements. Time passed, the web became more and more complex, and we are facing the fact that the styles cascade turned into a problem for us. Distributed teams, working on their parts of the system, combining them into reusable modules, assemble an application from pieces, like Dr. Frankenstein, stitching styles into one large canvas, can get the sudden result... Due to the cascade, the styles of module 1 can affect the display of module 3, and module 4 can make changes to the global styles and change the entire display of the application in general. Developers have started to think of solving this problem. Style naming conventions were created to avoid overlaps, such as Yandex's BEM or Atomic CSS. The idea is clear, we operate with names in order to get predictability, but at the same time to prevent repetitions. These approaches were crashed of the rocks of the human factor. Anyway, we have no guarantee that the developer from team A won't use the name from team C. The naming problem can only be solved by assigning a random name to the CSS class. Thus, we get a completely independent CSS set of styles that will be applied to a specific HTML block and we understand for sure that the rest of the system won't be affected in any way. And then 2 approaches came onto the stage to organize our CSS: CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS . Under the hood, having a different technical implementation, and in fact solving the problem of atomicity, reusability, and avoiding side effects when writing CSS. Technically, CSS Modules transforms style names using a hash-based on the filename, path, style name. Styled-components handles styles in JS runtime, adding them as they go to the head HTML section (<head>). Approaches overview Let's see which approach is more optimal for writing a modern web application! Let's imagine we have a basic React application: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import ' ./App.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = "title" > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode CSS styles of this application: .title { padding : 20px ; background-color : #222 ; text-align : center ; color : white ; font-size : 1.5em ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The dependencies are React 16.14 , react-dom 16.14 Let's try to build this application using webpack using all production optimizations. we've got uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 133 bytes The same code in CSS Modules will look like this: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' ./App.module.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = { styles . title } > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 151 bytes The CSS Modules version will take up a couple of bytes more due to the impossibility of compressing the long generated CSS names. Finally, let's rewrite the same code under styled-components: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' styled-components ' ; const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ` ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < Title > React application title </ Title > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 163kb CSS file is missing The more than 30kb difference between CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS (styled-components) is due to styled-components adding extra code to add styles to the <head> part of the HTML document. In this synthetic test, the CSS Modules approach wins, since the build system doesn't add something extra to implement it, except for the changed class name. Styled-components due to technical implementation, adds dependency as well as code for runtime handling and styling of <head>. Now let's take a quick look at the pros and cons of CSS-in-JS / CSS Modules. Pros and cons CSS-in-JS cons The browser won't start interpreting the styles until styled-components has parsed them and added them to the DOM, which slows down rendering. The absence of CSS files means that you cannot cache separate CSS. One of the key downsides is that most libraries don't support this approach and we still can't get rid of CSS. All native JS and jQuery plugins are written without using this approach. Not all React solutions use it. Styles integration problems. When a markup developer prepares a layout for a JS developer, we may forget to transfer something; there will also be difficulty in synchronizing a new version of layout and JS code. We can't use CSS utilities: SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, etc. pros Styles can use JS logic. This reminds me of Expression in IE6, when we could wrap some logic in our styles (Hello, CSS Expressions :) ). const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ${ props => props . secondary && css ` background-color: #fff; color: #000; padding: 10px; font-size: 1em; ` } ` ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When developing small modules, it simplifies the connection to the project, since you only need to connect the one independent JS file. It is semantically nicer to use <Title> in a React component than <h1 className={style.title}>. CSS Modules cons To describe global styles, you must use a syntax that does not belong to the CSS specification. :global ( .myclass ) { text-decoration : underline ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Integrating into a project, you need to include styles. Working with typescript, you need to automatically or manually generate interfaces. For these purposes, I use webpack loader: @teamsupercell/typings-for-css-modules-loader pros We work with regular CSS, it makes it possible to use SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, and more. Also, you don't waste time on adapting the CSS to JS. No integration of styles into the code, clean code as result. Almost 100% standardized except for global styles. Conclusion So the fundamental problem with the CSS-in-JS approach is that it's not CSS! This kind of code is harder to maintain if you have a defined person in your team working on markup. Such code will be slower, due to the fact that the CSS rendered into the file is processed in parallel, and the CSS-in-JS cannot be rendered into a separate CSS file. And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on. On the other hand, the CSS-in-JS approach can be a good solution for the Frontend team who deals with both markup and JS, and develops all components from scratch. Also, CSS-in-JS will be useful for modules that integrate into other applications. In my personal opinion, the issue of CSS cascading is overrated. If we are developing a small application or site, with one team, then we are unlikely to encounter a name collision or the difficulty of reusing components. If you faced with this problem, I recommend considering CSS Modules, as, in my opinion, this is a more optimal solution for the above factors. In any case, whatever you choose, write meaningful code and don't get fooled by the hype. Hype will pass, and we all have to live with it. Have great and interesting projects, dear readers! Top comments (30) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Senior Software Engineer Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Feb 17, 2020 • Mar 12 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One pro of CSS, the hot reload is instant when you just change CSS, with CSS in JS the project is recompiled. For CSS-in-JS I find easier to reuse that code in a React Native project. My personal conclusion is that we are constantly trying to avoid CSS but at the end of the day, CSS will stay here forever. Great article btw! Like comment: Like comment: 25 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GreggHume GreggHume GreggHume Follow A developer who works with and on some of the worlds leading brands. My company is called Cold Brew Studios, see you out there :) Joined Mar 10, 2021 • Mar 9 '22 • Edited on Mar 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I ran into issues with css modules that styled components seemed to solve. But i ran into issues with styled components that I wouldn't have had with plain scss. So some things to think about: Styled components is a lot more overhead because all the styled components need to be complied into stylesheets and mounted to the head by javascript which is a blocking language. On SSR styled components get compiled into a ServerStyleSheet that then hydrate the react dom tree in the browser via the context api. So even then the mounting of styles only happens in the browser but the parsing of styles happens on the server - that is still a performance penalty and will slow down the page load. In some cases I had no issues with styled components but as my site grew and in complex cases I couldn't help but feel like it was slower, or didn't load as smoothly... and in a world where every second matters, this was a problem for me. Here is an article doing benchmarks on CSS vs CSS in JS: pustelto.com/blog/css-vs-css-in-js... I use nextjs, it is a pity they do not support component level css and we are forced to use css modules or styled components... where as with Nuxt component level scss is part of the package and you have the option on how you want the sites css to bundled - all in one file, split into their own files and some other nifty options. I hope nextjs sharped up on this. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Jun 22 '22 • Edited on Jun 22 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A big tip that might help. Why not use SCSS and unique classNames: For example create a unique container className (name of the component) and nest all the other classNames under that unique container className. .home-page-guest { .nav {} .main {} .footer {} } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode < div className = " home-page-guest " > < div className = " nav " /> < div className = " main " /> < div className = " footer " /> < /div > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I bet you did Greg Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hank Queston Hank Queston Hank Queston Follow Work CTO at Bonfire Joined May 25, 2021 • May 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I agreed, CSS Modules make a lot more sense to me over Styled Components, always have! Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @Petar Kokev If something I learned from this years of working with React and other projects is that the correct library for project isn't the correct library for another. So the mos important think that we need to do is select the tools, libraries and technologies that fit better to the current project. In this case you can't use Styled-components on sites that require a good SEO, becouse the mos important think here is the SEO and you cant sacrify it. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand thedev1232 thedev1232 thedev1232 Follow tech enthusiast - code to the nuts Location sanjose Work Senior dev Manager at self Joined Oct 26, 2020 • Mar 31 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about having to deal with libraries like Material UI with next js? I have an issue to decide whether to use just makeStyles function or should we use styled components? My main concern is code longevity and maintenance without any issues Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide My big issues with styled components is they are deeply coupled with your code. I've opted to use emotion's css utility exclusively and instructed my team to avoid using any of the styled component features. We've loved it but this was a few years ago. For newer projects I'm going with the css modules design. Also why does anyone care about sass anymore? With css variables and the css nesting module in the specification, you get the best parts of sass with vanilla css. The other features are just overkill for a css-module that should represent a single react component and thus nothing :global . Complicated sass directives and stuff are just overkill. Turn it into a react component and don't make any crazy css systems. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Mar 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Same I was trying to revamp my personal site, I discovered that I would have to rewrite alot of things, and then I later gave up. I would advice css modules are the way to go, and it greatly helps with SEO. And in teams using SC, naming becomes an issue because some people don't know how to name components and you have to scroll around, just to check if a component is a h1 tag 🤮 CACHEing I can't stress this enough, for enterprise in-house apps it doesn't really matter, but for everyday consumer-essentric apps CACHEing should not be overlooked Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Matty Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can still have a top-level css file that isn't a css module for global stuff Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Follow Senior Software Engineer with React && TypeScript Location Bulgaria Work Senior Software Engineer @ alkem.io Joined Nov 27, 2019 • Sep 10 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It is not true that with styled-components one can't use scss syntax, etc. styled-components supports it. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eduard Eduard Eduard Follow Taxation is robbery Joined Oct 25, 2019 • Mar 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about css-in-js frameworks like material-ua, chakra-ui and others? In my opinion, they dramatically speed up development. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In my personal opinion I see Styled Components more for a Single Page Aplications where the SEO isn't important and is unecessary to cache css files. In the case of static web site or a site that must have a good SEO the Module-Css is better. @greggcbs My recomendation is to use code splitting if you have problem with the performans when you use Styled-Components in your project, in order to avoid brign all code in the first load of the site. Good article @sergey Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Jess Rodriguez celly Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gass Gass Gass Follow hi there 👋 Email g.szada@gmail.com Location Budapest, Hungary Education engineering Work software developer @ itemis Joined Dec 25, 2021 • Apr 25 '22 • Edited on Apr 25 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good post. I've been using CSS modules for a short time now and I like it. Allows everything to be nicely compartmentalized. I also like that it gives more freedom to name classes in smaller chunks of CSS code. Instead of using it like so: {styles.my_class} I preffer {s.my_class} makes the code looks nicer and more concise. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Follow Joined Jun 14, 2023 • Jun 14 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm sorry but it seems that you don't have much experience with Styled Components. "And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on." Not a single thing here is true. SCSS is the original syntax of the package, you can use Stylelint as well. There are a lot more "pros" which are not listed here. By working with JS you are opened to another world. I'll list some more "pros" from the top of my head: consume and validate your theme colors as pure JS object consume state/props and create dynamic CSS out of it you have plugins which can be a live savers in cases like RTL (right to left orientation). Whoever had to support an app/website with RTL will be magically saved by this plugin. You can create custom plugins to fix various problems, or make your own linting in your team project. you don't think about CSS class names and collision. I prefer to be focused on thinking about variable names in my JS only and not spending effort in the CSS as well when you break your visual habits you will realise that's it's easier to have your CSS in your JS file just the way you got used to have your HTML in your JS file (React) In these days CSS has become a monster. You have inheritance, mixins, variables, IF statements, loops etc. Sure they can be useful somewhere but I'm pretty sure that most of you just need to center that div. So in my personal opinion we should strive to keep CSS as simpler as possible (as with everything actually) and I think that Styled Components are kind of pushing you to do exactly that. Don't re-use CSS, re-use components! The only global things you should have are probably just the color theme and animations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Follow Joined Mar 14, 2021 • Feb 16 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Couldn't agree more on the last two bullet points~~ Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand DrBeehre DrBeehre DrBeehre Follow Location New Zealand Work Software Engineer at Self-Employed Joined Nov 10, 2020 • Mar 14 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is awesome! I'm quite new to Web dev in particular and when starting a new project, I've often wondered which approach is better as I could see pros and cons to both, but I never found the time to dig in. Thanks for pulling all this together into a concise blog post! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (30 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sergey Follow Joined Nov 18, 2020 More from Sergey Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI # webdev # javascript # typescript # programming Rockpack 2.0 Official Release # react # javascript # webdev # showdev Project Structure. Repository and folders. 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https://brew.sh/?ref=apisyouwonthate.com | Homebrew — The Missing Package Manager for macOS (or Linux) Homebrew The Missing Package Manager for macOS (or Linux) Language العربية Azərbaycanca Беларуская Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά English Español فارسی Suomi Français Galego עברית हिंदी Magyar Indonesia Italiano 日本語 한국어 کوردی Lëtzebuergesch Norsk bokmål Nederlands Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Português Brasileiro Română Русский Српски Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Tagalog Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 简体中文 繁體中文 Install Homebrew /bin/bash -c " $( curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh ) " Paste that in a macOS Terminal or Linux shell prompt. The script explains what it will do and then pauses before it does it. Read about other installation options . If you're on macOS, try our new .pkg installer. Download it from Homebrew's latest GitHub release . What Does Homebrew Do? Homebrew installs the stuff you need that Apple (or your Linux system) didn’t. $ brew install wget Homebrew installs packages to their own directory and then symlinks their files into /opt/homebrew (on Apple Silicon). $ cd /opt/homebrew $ find Cellar Cellar/wget/1.16.1 Cellar/wget/1.16.1/bin/wget Cellar/wget/1.16.1/share/man/man1/wget.1 $ ls -l bin bin/wget -> ../Cellar/wget/1.16.1/bin/wget Homebrew won’t install files outside its prefix and you can place a Homebrew installation wherever you like. Trivially create your own Homebrew packages. $ brew create https://foo.com/foo-1.0.tgz Created /opt/homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core/Formula/foo.rb It’s all Git and Ruby underneath, so hack away with the knowledge that you can easily revert your modifications and merge upstream updates. $ brew edit wget # opens in $EDITOR! Homebrew formulae are simple Ruby scripts: class Wget < Formula desc "Internet file retriever" homepage "https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/" url "https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.24.5.tar.gz" sha256 "fa2dc35bab5184ecbc46a9ef83def2aaaa3f4c9f3c97d4bd19dcb07d4da637de" license "GPL-3.0-or-later" def install system "./configure" , "--prefix= #{ prefix } " system "make" , "install" end end Homebrew complements macOS (or your Linux system). Install your RubyGems with gem and their dependencies with brew . “To install, drag this icon…” no more. Homebrew Cask installs macOS apps, fonts and plugins and other non-open source software. $ brew install --cask firefox Making a cask is as simple as creating a formula. $ brew create --cask https://foo.com/foo-1.0.dmg Editing /opt/homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-cask/Casks/foo.rb brew command documentation docs.brew.sh/Manpage Further Documentation docs.brew.sh Community Discussion Homebrew/discussions Homebrew Blog brew.sh/blog Homebrew Packages formulae.brew.sh Analytics Data formulae.brew.sh/analytics Donate to Homebrew Homebrew/brew#donations Homebrew was created by Max Howell . Website by Rémi Prévost , Mike McQuaid and Danielle Lalonde . | 2026-01-13T08:48:20 |
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She regularly briefs members of Deloitte’s executive leadership team on changes to the US economic outlook and is responsible for the US chapter of Deloitte’s quarterly Global Economic Outlook and produces “Issues by the Numbers,” a data-driven examination of important economic policy issues. pabuckley@deloitte.com +1 703 254 3958 Michael Wolf Global economist | Senior manager | Deloitte Michael Wolf Global economist | Senior manager | Deloitte United States Michael Wolf is a global economist at Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd. He provides written commentary and analysis on global economic issues that affect the firm and its clients. He has been quoted by various media outlets, including the Wall Street Journal and NPR. Wolf began his career as an economist at the US Labor Department and has since held economist positions at Moody’s Analytics, Wells Fargo Securities, and PwC. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions canonical Building Nop Platform - open-source low-code framework based on Generalized Reversible Computation theory. Making software development 10x more efficient. Java | Architecture | Theory Joined Joined on Oct 22, 2025 Email address canonical_entropy@163.com github website More info about @canonical Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close GitHub Repositories nop-entropy Nop Platform 2.0 is a next-generation low-code development platform built from scratch based on the principles of reversible computation, adopting a language-oriented programming paradigm. It includes a suite of fully designed engines such as a GraphQL engine, ORM engine, workflow engine, reporting engine, rule engine, and batch processing engine, Java • 650 stars entropy-cloud Post 72 posts published Comment 35 comments written Tag 11 tags followed Q&A on "Why XLang Is an Innovative Programming Language" canonical canonical canonical Follow Jan 12 Q&A on "Why XLang Is an Innovative Programming Language" # nop # programming # architecture # java Comments Add Comment 15 min read Want to connect with canonical? Create an account to connect with canonical. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Why is XLang an innovative programming language? canonical canonical canonical Follow Jan 6 Why is XLang an innovative programming language? # nop # programming # softwaredevelopment # java Comments Add Comment 23 min read Why is SpringBatch a poor design? canonical canonical canonical Follow Jan 5 Why is SpringBatch a poor design? # nop # programming # springboot # springbatch Comments Add Comment 30 min read Nop Platform Architecture White Paper canonical canonical canonical Follow Jan 5 Nop Platform Architecture White Paper # nop # programming # softwareengineering # architecture Comments Add Comment 9 min read Generalized Reversible Computation (GRC): The Naming and Elucidation of a Software Construction Paradigm canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 30 '25 Generalized Reversible Computation (GRC): The Naming and Elucidation of a Software Construction Paradigm # nop # softwareengineering # architecture # ddd Comments Add Comment 25 min read Feature Comparison : Nop Platform vs. SpringCloud canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 20 '25 Feature Comparison : Nop Platform vs. SpringCloud # springboot # spring # architecture # programming Comments Add Comment 14 min read XDef: A Unified Meta-Model Definition Language to Replace XSD canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 19 '25 XDef: A Unified Meta-Model Definition Language to Replace XSD # jsonschema # xmlschema # programming # architecture Comments Add Comment 6 min read How to Add Extended Fields to Entities Without Modifying Tables canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 19 '25 How to Add Extended Fields to Entities Without Modifying Tables # jpa # hibernate # prisma # architecture Comments Add Comment 5 min read DeepSeek AI’s Understanding of the Delta Customization Concept — Far Beyond Ordinary Programmers canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 18 '25 DeepSeek AI’s Understanding of the Delta Customization Concept — Far Beyond Ordinary Programmers # deepseek # nop # architecture # programming 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 21 min read Why NopTaskFlow Is a One-of-a-Kind Logic Orchestration Engine canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 17 '25 Why NopTaskFlow Is a One-of-a-Kind Logic Orchestration Engine # nop # programming # tutorial # architecture Comments Add Comment 6 min read XDef: An Evolution-Oriented Metamodel and Its Construction Philosophy canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 17 '25 XDef: An Evolution-Oriented Metamodel and Its Construction Philosophy # nop # programming # tutorial # architecture Comments Add Comment 21 min read Why Has GraphQL Struggled to Become Popular? Under-Design or Over-Design? canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 13 '25 Why Has GraphQL Struggled to Become Popular? Under-Design or Over-Design? # graphql # restapi # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read Feature Comparison: Nop Platform vs. APIJSON canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 12 '25 Feature Comparison: Nop Platform vs. APIJSON # restapi # graphql # architecture # programming Comments Add Comment 21 min read Why the Nop Platform Is a One-of-a-Kind Open Source Software Development Platform canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 12 '25 Why the Nop Platform Is a One-of-a-Kind Open Source Software Development Platform # programming # architecture # nop # opensource Comments Add Comment 12 min read A Supplementary Analysis of Reversible Computation Theory for Programmers canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 7 '25 A Supplementary Analysis of Reversible Computation Theory for Programmers # nop # programming # architecture # designpatterns Comments Add Comment 22 min read A Theoretical Analysis of Reversible Computation for Programmers canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 7 '25 A Theoretical Analysis of Reversible Computation for Programmers # programming # architecture # nop # opensource Comments Add Comment 23 min read Delta-Oriented Programming from the Perspective of Reversible Computation canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 7 '25 Delta-Oriented Programming from the Perspective of Reversible Computation # programming # architecture # nop # computerscience Comments Add Comment 18 min read Getting Started with Nop: Extending Existing Services canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 4 '25 Getting Started with Nop: Extending Existing Services # restapi # graphql # architecture # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Extensible Design of Backend Service Functions from the Perspective of Reversible Computation canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 3 '25 Extensible Design of Backend Service Functions from the Perspective of Reversible Computation # graphql # java # programming # architecture 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read What exactly does “reversible” mean in the theory of Reversible Computation? canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 3 '25 What exactly does “reversible” mean in the theory of Reversible Computation? # programming # architecture # softwareengineering # theory 3 reactions Comments 1 comment 9 min read Implementing Backend Service Functions via NopTaskFlow Logic Orchestration canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 2 '25 Implementing Backend Service Functions via NopTaskFlow Logic Orchestration # workflowengine # programming # java # architecture Comments Add Comment 4 min read Getting Started with Nop: How to Creatively Extend GraphQL canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 2 '25 Getting Started with Nop: How to Creatively Extend GraphQL # graphql # java # tutorial # programming Comments Add Comment 4 min read How can business development be independent of frameworks canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 1 '25 How can business development be independent of frameworks # discuss # architecture # cleancode Comments Add Comment 14 min read The Next-Generation Logic Orchestration Engine NopTaskFlow Built from Scratch canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 1 '25 The Next-Generation Logic Orchestration Engine NopTaskFlow Built from Scratch # nop # workflowengine # programming # architecture Comments Add Comment 36 min read How to Evaluate the Quality of a Framework Technology? canonical canonical canonical Follow Dec 1 '25 How to Evaluate the Quality of a Framework Technology? # nop # architecture # hibernate # jpa Comments Add Comment 19 min read Getting Started with Nop: Dynamic SQL Management canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 30 '25 Getting Started with Nop: Dynamic SQL Management # nop # tutorial # programming # java Comments Add Comment 7 min read Getting Started with Nop: How to Implement Complex Queries canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 30 '25 Getting Started with Nop: How to Implement Complex Queries # nop # tutorial # programming # java Comments Add Comment 7 min read Getting Started with Nop: Minimalistic Data Access Layer Development canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 29 '25 Getting Started with Nop: Minimalistic Data Access Layer Development # jpa # nop # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Getting Started with Nop: Minimalist Service Layer Development canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 29 '25 Getting Started with Nop: Minimalist Service Layer Development # nop # architecture # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 5 min read Viewing the Design of the Open-Source Low-Code Platform Skyve Through Reversible Computation canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 28 '25 Viewing the Design of the Open-Source Low-Code Platform Skyve Through Reversible Computation # lowcode # designpatterns # architecture # java Comments Add Comment 19 min read Decoupling Is Far More Than Dependency Injection canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 28 '25 Decoupling Is Far More Than Dependency Injection # programming # designpatterns # ioc # architecture Comments Add Comment 6 min read What is data-driven? How does it differ from model-driven, domain-driven, metadata-driven, and DSL-driven? canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 28 '25 What is data-driven? How does it differ from model-driven, domain-driven, metadata-driven, and DSL-driven? # architecture # ddd # dsl # programming Comments Add Comment 6 min read Why Is NopReport a Truly Unique Reporting Engine? canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 28 '25 Why Is NopReport a Truly Unique Reporting Engine? # programming # reportingengine # jasperreports # pentaho Comments Add Comment 5 min read NopRule: A Rule Engine That Uses Excel as a Visual Designer canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 27 '25 NopRule: A Rule Engine That Uses Excel as a Visual Designer # ruleengine # drools # java # programming Comments Add Comment 9 min read General Delta Update Mechanism canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 26 '25 General Delta Update Mechanism # architecture # programming # nop # mda Comments Add Comment 4 min read How to Implement a Visual Word Template Similar to poi-tl with 800 Lines of Code canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 26 '25 How to Implement a Visual Word Template Similar to poi-tl with 800 Lines of Code # ooxml # reportingengine # jasperreports # pentaho Comments Add Comment 12 min read Source Code Analysis of the Nonlinear Chinese-Style Reporting Engine NopReport canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 26 '25 Source Code Analysis of the Nonlinear Chinese-Style Reporting Engine NopReport # reportingengine # nop # jasperreports # pentaho Comments Add Comment 14 min read Open-source Chinese-style reporting engine using Excel as the designer: NopReport canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 26 '25 Open-source Chinese-style reporting engine using Excel as the designer: NopReport # reportingengine # pentaho # crystalreports # jasperreports Comments Add Comment 10 min read Metaprogramming in Low-Code Platforms canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 24 '25 Metaprogramming in Low-Code Platforms # metaprogramming # programming # architecture # designpatterns 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 9 min read XDSL: General-Purpose Domain-Specific Language Design canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 24 '25 XDSL: General-Purpose Domain-Specific Language Design # dsl # springboot # architecture # designpatterns Comments Add Comment 10 min read The Mathematical Kernel of Model-Driven Architecture: The Y = F(X) Delta Invariant Unifying Generation and Evolution canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 24 '25 The Mathematical Kernel of Model-Driven Architecture: The Y = F(X) Delta Invariant Unifying Generation and Evolution # modeldrivenarchitecture # dsl # designpatterns # architecture 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Necessary Conditions GPT Must Satisfy for Producing Complex Code canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 23 '25 Necessary Conditions GPT Must Satisfy for Producing Complex Code # ai # llm # aigc # lowcode Comments Add Comment 11 min read Methodological Sources of Reversible Computation canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 23 '25 Methodological Sources of Reversible Computation # programming # designpatterns # softwareengineering # architecture Comments Add Comment 9 min read Declarative Programming Through the Lens of Reversible Computation canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 21 '25 Declarative Programming Through the Lens of Reversible Computation # antlr4 # programming # computerscience # software Comments Add Comment 10 min read What is Declarative Programming canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 21 '25 What is Declarative Programming # functionalreactiveprogramming # programming # designpatterns # architecture Comments Add Comment 5 min read Understanding React's Essence Through React Hooks canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 21 '25 Understanding React's Essence Through React Hooks # react # jquery # vue Comments Add Comment 6 min read Why the Nop Platform Sticks with XML Instead of JSON or YAML canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 20 '25 Why the Nop Platform Sticks with XML Instead of JSON or YAML # designpatterns # programming # opensource # xml Comments Add Comment 5 min read Equivalence of XML, JSON, and Function ASTs canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 20 '25 Equivalence of XML, JSON, and Function ASTs # dsl # architecture # programming # designpatterns Comments Add Comment 9 min read Flexible DSL Embedding Using Prefix-Guided Syntax canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 20 '25 Flexible DSL Embedding Using Prefix-Guided Syntax # dsl # programming # architecture # designpatterns Comments 4 comments 6 min read API Seamless Upgrade Solution: Architectural Evolution from Push Mode to Pull Mode canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 19 '25 API Seamless Upgrade Solution: Architectural Evolution from Push Mode to Pull Mode # graphql # restapi # rest # springboot Comments Add Comment 5 min read A Clarification of the Delta Concept for Programmers, Using Git and Docker as Examples canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 18 '25 A Clarification of the Delta Concept for Programmers, Using Git and Docker as Examples # nop # reversiblecomputation # ddd # dsl Comments Add Comment 27 min read How to Implement Customized Development Without Modifying the Base Product Source Code canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 17 '25 How to Implement Customized Development Without Modifying the Base Product Source Code # customization # programming # ddd # softwaredevelopment 2 reactions Comments 3 comments 16 min read DSL Design Essentials from the Perspective of Reversible Computation canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 17 '25 DSL Design Essentials from the Perspective of Reversible Computation # dsl # lowcode # nop # reversiblecomputation Comments Add Comment 7 min read Designing Low-Code Platforms Through the Lens of Tensor Products canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 17 '25 Designing Low-Code Platforms Through the Lens of Tensor Products # lowcode # reversiblecomputation # softwareengineering # dsl 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 16 min read Kustomize from the Perspective of Reversible Computation canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 17 '25 Kustomize from the Perspective of Reversible Computation # k8s # kubernetes # deltaorientedprogramming # reversiblecomputation Comments 1 comment 5 min read Data Driven Generic Code Generator canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 17 '25 Data Driven Generic Code Generator # codegenerator # metaprogramming # programming # dsl Comments Add Comment 9 min read Beyond MyBatis: How NopOrm Reinvents SQL Management in 500 Lines of Code canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 15 '25 Beyond MyBatis: How NopOrm Reinvents SQL Management in 500 Lines of Code # jpa # mybatis # persistence # programming Comments Add Comment 11 min read Revisiting Baidu AMIS and Declarative Programming canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 14 '25 Revisiting Baidu AMIS and Declarative Programming # react # frontend # declarative # lowcode Comments Add Comment 6 min read Form layout language in a low-code platform: NopLayout canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 14 '25 Form layout language in a low-code platform: NopLayout # webdev # lowcode # dsl # programming Comments Add Comment 7 min read The Time-Freezing Magic Behind Paxos canonical canonical canonical Follow Nov 13 '25 The Time-Freezing Magic Behind Paxos # distributedsystems # cluster # beginners # science Comments Add Comment 12 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-420-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 420 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 420 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP error 420 is a transient or "4xx" error code issued by a mail server, signaling a temporary issue causing a delay in processing the email message. Unlike permanent errors denoted by "5xx" codes, SMTP error 420 implies a temporary problem on the server, suggesting that the email delivery might succeed if the sender attempts a retry at a later time. What's Causing This Error? SMTP error 420 can result from various temporary issues, including: Server congestion: High incoming email traffic overwhelms the mail server, leading to delays in processing new messages. Greylisting: Some mail servers employ greylisting as a spam-prevention measure. When an unfamiliar sender tries to send an email, the receiving server may initially reject it with a 420 error. If it's a legitimate sender, the sending server will retry delivery after a delay, and the email will be accepted. Temporary server issues: Transient problems such as server hardware or software issues, network problems, or other temporary glitches can trigger SMTP error 420. How to Fix SMTP Error 420? Wait and retry: Typically, SMTP error 420 is a temporary issue arising from server congestion or other transient problems. The recommended approach is to wait and retry sending the email later, as the receiving server should eventually be able to accept the message. Check for greylisting: If greylisting is suspected as the cause, simply waiting and retrying the email should resolve the issue when the receiving server accepts the email upon the retry. Investigate server issues: If encountering SMTP error 420 consistently when sending emails to a specific recipient, it's possible that the recipient's mail server is undergoing server issues. Contact the recipient's email administrator for assistance. SMTP Error 420 Examples: Example 1: "420 Temporary failure, please try again later." Example 2: "420 Greylisted - Try again in 15 minutes." Example 3: "420 Service temporarily unavailable due to server maintenance. Please retry later." In both phpmailer and Jenkins environments, addressing and understanding the nature of SMTP error 420 is crucial for effective email communication. Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://andromedagalactic.com/ | Your Product Development Partner | Andromeda Galactic Solutions close Solutions Products Expertise Blog Your Product Development Partner Andromeda Galactic Solutions is your one-stop shop for all things web. With a focus on User Experience and Accessibility, we specialize in all of the technology you need to build fast, cutting-edge websites and applications. As a Google Cloud Partner with certified developers and Google Developer Experts on staff, we're ready to deploy your next application on Google Cloud with serverless cloud functions using Firebase. We offer a range of different engagement models, but most of our clients choose to put us on retainer. We work in close collaboration with both your technical staff and business stakeholders to ensure we deliver quality solutions that move your business forward, without causing maintenance issues for your team. We even offer long-term support to keep everything running smoothly. Solutions Product Development Since 2015 Andromeda has been building custom web applications. From our own products such as FlexePark, Cirrostyle, Lore Link, and Ignition, to our many client projects we have built 13 digital products from the ground up. Many of our customers run a division of their business - or even the entire company - on software we've written. These companies hire us not only for our development expertise, but for our ability to design software for a great User Experience and for including Web Accessibility in everything we build from the very beginning. Process and Results Business Websites Something all businesses and products have in common is the need for a website. Ideally one that is fast, reliable, accessible, and easy to update. Andromeda delievers using the same design expertise our customers have come to expect and combining this with our own Ignition™ Content Management System to produce blazing-fast static websites. Hire us to custom-design your new website and get the very best of design and technology to help your business grow with a top-quality online presence. Website Design & Development Expertise Web Accessibility The purpose of web accessibility is to remove barriers and bring the information, services, and functionality of the web to as many people as possible. Andromeda strives for web equality by incorporating accessibility practices into every project from the very beginning. Read more about our accessibility expertise Design From branding to user interfaces to user experience, Andromeda is skilled at holistic design for websites, applications, and digital products. Let us create aesthetic, intuitive, online experiences that provide value for you and your customers. Read more about our design services Firebase As a Google Cloud Partner and early adopter of Serverless technology, Andromeda has developed deep expertise in Firebase for building low-cost, robust software applications that can scale. Firebase is the technology behind our products, including Ignition™ and Cirrostyle™, and we can easily put it to work for you. Read more about our Firebase expertise Proven Process Andromeda uses our proven Vortex™ Development Process on every project, from websites to applications to digital products, to ensure that you receive the very best quality while being informed and confident along the way. Using Vortex™ we produce consistent, predictable results time after time. Learn about Vortex™ Latest Blog Post Configuring CORS on Google Cloud Storage Jan 12, 2026 In this brief how-to guide we'll show how to configure CORS for cloud storage buckets in GCP for Firebase. Read More → What we are up to Andromeda Galactic Founders are MVPs for the seventh consecutive year Jul 11, 2025 Andromeda Galactic Solutions founders Martine Dowden and Michael Dowden have both received their 7th consecutive Microsoft MVP (Most Valuable Professional) award in Developer Technology. Read More → Recognitions Testimonial Working with Andromeda was a breeze, from project inception to delivery. They listened to what we wanted, offered creative suggestions and delivered exactly what we wanted. Everything went smoothly and we are delighted with the results! Aaron Cure (Cure Consulting) About Andromeda News & Media Affiliate Program Terms of Service Privacy Policy Accessibility Statement Contact Us Copyright © 2023 - Andromeda Galactic Solutions | 2026-01-13T08:48:20 |
https://devecosystem-2025.jetbrains.com/life-and-work | Life and work - The State of Developer Ecosystem in 2025 Developer Ecosystem 2025 English Life and work Learn how other developers are growing and managing their lives, careers, and paychecks. JOB MARKET Net job market sentiment by region % who describe local job market conditions as favorable – % who say they are challenging More challenging More favorable 0 see more The world isn’t flat. Where you work as a developer shapes how you see and experience the job market. Geography isn’t the only factor. The stage you’re at in your career journey creates another divide. % Junior developers find the job market challenging % Senior developers share this concern CAREER DEVELOPMENT As we gain more experience, our work shifts from technical problems to coordinating teams. Share of developers who found that the most challenging part of the job is... GEOGRAPHIC IMPACT It’s a thrilling/changing/dizzying existence, with constant new challenges as we progress in our careers. Context switching Percentage of developers that say context switching is the most challenging job aspect see more Context switching isn't inevitable Eastern Europe and UK developers are 4x more likely to struggle with context switching than those in Japan. Japan and South Korea prove that software development doesn’t have to involve constant interruptions. These regions have created focused environments that other organizations can learn from. Learning pressure differs globally South Korea's developers are 2x more likely to struggle with technical skills than UK developers. This could reflect rapid technology adoption cycles outpacing skill development resources. Learning pressure Percentage of developers that say improving technical skills is the most challenging job aspect see more Infrastructure investment Percentage of developers that say waiting for CI/CD processes is the most challenging job aspect see more Infrastructure investment pays off Indian developers are 3x more likely to experience CI/CD delays than Japanese developers... India's high delays versus Japan's efficiency shows that infrastructure investment directly translates to daily developer productivity gains. When it comes to life as a developer, where we live matters – but our technical skills and our place of work matter, too. REMOTELY Where developers primarily work Remotely From the office The last 1% work from another place that’s neither the office or remotely from home. Coffeeshop? Studio? We’ll never know. SALARY Ka-ching! The more specialized developers are, the more they get paid. Share of top-paid employees by language see more Scala leads among the top earners despite being used by only 2% of developers as a primary language. What do we want? More Kotlin contributors. When do we want them? Now! Our multiplatform language has 700+ contributors so far, and we want more. Learn about Kotlin IT Salary Calculator We can answer everything about your income potential based on skills, languages, location, and experience. But we still can’t answer the halting problem. Sorry! Test our salary calculator Company size also affects compensation. Large companies have nearly twice as many top earners as small companies. Share of top-paid employees in... ...large companies of 1000+ employees % ...small companies of 50 or fewer employees % BURNOUT RATE Burnout Rate % for those with 1-2 years of experience Developer well-being isn’t uniform % among those with 16+ years of experience Company mental health support by organization size The size of an organization shapes the mental health support available 01 04 Tools and Trends See the top performers in the developer toolkit, from programming languages to cloud platforms to databases. Read the story English Privacy & Security Terms of use Legal Genuine tools Copyright © 2000-2025 JetBrains s.r.o. | 2026-01-13T08:48:20 |
https://www.suprsend.com/email-comparison/postmark-vs-brevo-formerly-sendinblue-which-email-provider-is-better-in-2024 | Postmark vs Brevo (formerly Sendinblue) - Which email provider is better in 2024? Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up vs. Postmark vs Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) ? Looking for which Email provider will be the best for your use case among Postmark vs Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) ? Compare Postmark vs Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) head-to-head on factors such as their features, pricing, latency, deliverability and more. Integrate now A Quick Introduction Introducing Postmark vs Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) , two industry leading Email vendors that are transforming the way businesses connect with their audience What is Postmark ? A simple yet powerful email service for transactional emails. Offers high deliverability, beautiful templates, & detailed reporting. Ideal for developers & small teams. Get started What is Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) ? A user-friendly email service for both marketing & transactional emails. Offers a range of features including automation, personalization, & landing page creation. Competitive pricing plans. Get started What is Postmark ? A simple yet powerful email service for transactional emails. Offers high deliverability, beautiful templates, & detailed reporting. Ideal for developers & small teams. Get started What is Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) ? A user-friendly email service for both marketing & transactional emails. Offers a range of features including automation, personalization, & landing page creation. Competitive pricing plans. Get started Comparative Guide: Postmark vs Brevo (formerly Sendinblue) - Which email provider is better in 2024? In a market flooded with Email providers, selecting the one that suits your needs can be challenging. This comparative guide offers a swift overview of their offerings, making it easy for you to decide. APIs Rest API Postmark /webhooks Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) /v3/webhooks Event API Postmark /messages/outbound Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) N/A Contact Management via API Postmark N/A Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) /v3/contacts Send email through API Postmark /email Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) /v3/smtp/email Documentation Postmark Docs Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Docs Ease of Integration Language & Frameworks Postmark Rails Ruby .NET Java Node.js PHP Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) C3 Go Java Node.js PHP Python Ruby TypeScript Setup & Configuration Postmark Getting Started Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Getting Started API Rate Limits Postmark 500 messages/ API call Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) 300RPH -150RPS Pricing Pricing Model Postmark Volume Based Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Tiered Pricing Cost Structure Postmark $0.0006 - $0.0015/ email Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) $0.0006 - $0.0015/ email Free Tier Postmark Available (upto 100 emails) Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Available (upto 3000/m) Contract Terms Postmark Monthly Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Monthly/ Annually Performance & Resilience Log Retention Postmark 7-365 days Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Unlimited Redundancy Mechanisms Postmark Available Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Available Max Size Postmark 10 MB Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) 4 MB Unicode Encoding Postmark Not Supported Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Supported Servers Location Postmark US Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) France, Belgium Uptime Postmark 100% Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) 99.74% Security & Compliance Compliance Postmark Type 2 SSAE 16 SOC 1 GDPR Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) ISO 27001:2013 GDPR Encryption Standards Postmark SSL HTTPS TLS Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) TLS Email Provider Features Core Features Postmark Reliable Email Delivery Extensive Data Retention and Analytics Integrated Email Templates Top-notch Customer Support Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Email automation List management Sign-up form and landing page builder Email deliverability Integration Ecosystem Postmark Mailcoach, CraftCampaign, Customer.io + 14 others Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Tiendanube, involve.me, Outfunnel + 50 other Custom Domains Postmark Yes Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Yes API Endpoints Heading Postmark Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Webhooks /webhooks /v3/webhooks Events /messages/outbound N/A Contact Management N/A /v3/contacts Send Emails /email /v3/smtp/email Documentation Docs Docs Ease of Integration Heading Postmark Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Language & Frameworks Rails Ruby .NET Java Node.js PHP C3 Go Java Node.js PHP Python Ruby TypeScript Setup & Configuration Getting Started Getting Started API Rate Limits 500 messages/ API call 300RPH -150RPS Pricing Heading Postmark Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Pricing Model Volume Based Tiered Pricing Cost Structure $0.0006 - $0.0015/ email $0.0005 -$0.0007/ email Free Tier Available (upto 100 emails) Available (upto 3000/m) Contract Terms Monthly Monthly/ Annually Performance & Resilience Heading Postmark Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Log Retention 7-365 days Unlimited Redundancy Mechanisms Available Available Max Size 10 MB 4 MB Unicode Encoding Not Supported Supported Servers Location US France, Belgium Uptime 100% 99.74% Security & Compliance Heading Postmark Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Compliance Type 2 SSAE 16 SOC 1 GDPR ISO 27001:2013 GDPR Encryption Standards SSL HTTPS TLS TLS Email Provider Features Heading Postmark Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Core Features Reliable Email Delivery Extensive Data Retention and Analytics Integrated Email Templates Top-notch Customer Support Email automation List management Sign-up form and landing page builder Email deliverability Integration Ecosystem Mailcoach, CraftCampaign, Customer.io + 14 others Tiendanube, involve.me, Outfunnel + 50 other Custom Domains Yes Yes Calculate your Savings, one step at a time! Pros and Cons: Postmark vs Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Every choice comes with its trade-offs. Let's break down the advantages and disadvantages of the providers for a clear decision making. Postmark Pros Reliable Transactional Email Service Postmark is highly praised for its reliability. Users find it to be a dependable solution for sending transactional emails. Ease of Integration The service is easy to integrate with other systems and APIs, making it a seamless choice for developers. High Deliverability Users appreciate the high deliverability rate, ensuring that their important transactional emails reach recipients' inboxes promptly. Quality Templates Postmark offers well-designed email templates that simplify the process of email campaigns, making it beneficial for marketing purposes as well. User-Friendly UI The platform's user interface is intuitive and easy to use, providing a hassle-free experience. Cons Pricing Some users find the pricing to be on the higher side, which could be a consideration for those with budget constraints. Limited Archiving Postmark lacks an archiving feature, which could be a drawback for users who prefer to have this functionality in their transactional email service. Limited to Transactional Emails Postmark focuses on transactional emails, so it may not be suitable for those looking for a comprehensive email marketing solution. Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Pros Ease of Use SendinBlue is praised for its user-friendly platform, making it suitable for both beginners and professionals. Versatile Marketing Tools It offers a wide range of tools for email marketing, SMS marketing, and more. Efficient Contact Mapping SendinBlue simplifies contact segmentation for email campaigns. Reasonable Pricing The platform provides a free plan and affordable pricing, especially for businesses on a budget. Excellent Customer Support Users have noted that SendinBlue's customer support is responsive and helpful. Cons Pricing Structure Some users find SendinBlue's pricing structure lacking transparency and flexibility. Clearer information about pricing tiers is desired. Limited Template Design The platform is considered to have limited email template design options compared to other email marketing services. Occasional Delays Users have reported occasional delays in sending email campaigns, though this is not a consistent issue. Heading Pros Cons Postmark Reliable Transactional Email Service Postmark is highly praised for its reliability. Users find it to be a dependable solution for sending transactional emails. Ease of Integration The service is easy to integrate with other systems and APIs, making it a seamless choice for developers. High Deliverability Users appreciate the high deliverability rate, ensuring that their important transactional emails reach recipients' inboxes promptly. Quality Templates Postmark offers well-designed email templates that simplify the process of email campaigns, making it beneficial for marketing purposes as well. User-Friendly UI The platform's user interface is intuitive and easy to use, providing a hassle-free experience. Pricing Some users find the pricing to be on the higher side, which could be a consideration for those with budget constraints. Limited Archiving Postmark lacks an archiving feature, which could be a drawback for users who prefer to have this functionality in their transactional email service. Limited to Transactional Emails Postmark focuses on transactional emails, so it may not be suitable for those looking for a comprehensive email marketing solution. Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) Ease of Use SendinBlue is praised for its user-friendly platform, making it suitable for both beginners and professionals. Versatile Marketing Tools It offers a wide range of tools for email marketing, SMS marketing, and more. Efficient Contact Mapping SendinBlue simplifies contact segmentation for email campaigns. Reasonable Pricing The platform provides a free plan and affordable pricing, especially for businesses on a budget. Excellent Customer Support Users have noted that SendinBlue's customer support is responsive and helpful. Pricing Structure Some users find SendinBlue's pricing structure lacking transparency and flexibility. Clearer information about pricing tiers is desired. Limited Template Design The platform is considered to have limited email template design options compared to other email marketing services. Occasional Delays Users have reported occasional delays in sending email campaigns, though this is not a consistent issue. Real Voices, Real Experiences Don't just take our word for it. Hear directly from users on G2 who have used Postmark and Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) firsthand Reviews for Postmark 4.6 " By far, the best solution for Transactional Emails on the Market! Postmark has come to change the way we send confirmation and transactional emails to our users. Purchase confirmation emails, user activation, and purchase reminders (you name them) ended up in the spam section, bounced or in the promotional folder of our clients. Thanks to Postmark, these emails arrive promptly and when users need them. Grecia L. Marketing Lead " Fantastic email service that blows away the competition Much better than Sendgrid, which had endless deliverability problems even sending to e.g. Hotmail/Live.com addresses. UI is intuitive, use of 'sandbox' accounts is great for checking that your apps are sending messages correctly, and most importantly the actual deliverability is fantastic. Dedicated IPs are only available to a subset of customers, but you don't need one to get good deliverability (unlike with Sendgrid where, with exactly the same emails, we were seeing our IPs flagged for spam). Henry S. CTO Reviews for Brevo (formerly SendinBlue) 4.6 " One of the best email software I like the ability to choose my pricing levels based on how many emails are sent versus how many contacts I have in my account. Just because there are 20,000+ emails in my account does not mean that I send an email campaign out to all of those addresses every month. The only thing I have found that I dislike is navigating the Stats of an email campaign. Carolyn S. Small Business " Affordable email service Affordable costs with all facilities, Good designs, analytics, and much more. Templates availble are good, Analytics details are good, There sms serivces are good as well. Options for designs can be better for the templates to choose, Apart from that there isn't much we dislike. The display of the analytics can be better. We are fine with what we use now. Subrahmanya S. Small Business How SuprSend works? More to explore vs. SMTP.com vs Postmark Compare email providers SMTP.com vs Postmark in US in 2024 on parameters such as features, latency, pricing, APIs, reliability, uptime, and integration. Check out the SMS vendor comparison between SMTP.com vs Postmark - Which email provider is better in 2024? based on parameters such as features, cost, pricing, security, reliability, latency and more. Check now vs. Amazon SES vs Postmark Compare email providers Amazon SES vs Postmark in US in 2024 on parameters such as features, latency, pricing, APIs, reliability, uptime, and integration. Check out the SMS vendor comparison between Amazon SES vs Postmark - Which email provider is better in 2024? based on parameters such as features, cost, pricing, security, reliability, latency and more. Check now vs. Mailchimp vs Postmark Compare email providers Mailchimp vs Postmark in US in 2024 on parameters such as features, pricing, APIs, reliability, uptime, and integration. 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https://dev.to/colocodes/react-class-components-vs-function-components-23m6#class-components | React: class components vs function components - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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Sorry, no results found. 1 View All View 6 per page About the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials The Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials combines rigorous research with industry-specific knowledge and practice-led experience to deliver insights that can drive business impact. The energy, resources, and industrials industry is the nexus for building, powering, and securing the smart, connected world of tomorrow. Our research uncovers opportunities that can help businesses thrive. Learn more Get in touch with our research team Kate Hardin Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials | Executive director | Deloitte Services LP Kate Hardin Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials | Executive director | Deloitte Services LP United States Kate Hardin is the executive director of the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials. 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https://ruul.io/blog/7-podcast-episodes-that-will-boost-your-creativity#$%7Bid%7D | 7 podcast episodes that will boost your creativity - Ruul Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up grow 7 podcast episodes that will boost your creativity Discover the best motivational and informative podcasts to expand your brain's limits and improve your creativity in 2022. Mert Bulut 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points As we recently welcomed 2022 with health, joy, and prosperity prospects, we started to set our new year resolutions. While wishing this year to be more creative and productive than the last year, we are also motivated to learn and try new things to improve our professional development. There is no doubt that podcasts are excellent sources of inspiration for creative people globally. They’re compact, enlightening, and there’s a podcast for nearly every subject under the sun. With more than 30 million episodes available, podcasts are quickly becoming the preferred form of on-the-go entertainment; but among so many podcasts prepared, how do you choose the best motivational and informative content to boost your creativity?As we understand the challenge, we created a list of podcasts that provide exciting information that can expand your brain’s limits, give you a dose of inspiration, and boost your creativity. Rich Roll I Change Your Brain: Neuroscientist Dr. Andrew Huberman Creativity starts with understanding your mind's boundaries and getting a clearer perspective of how creativity occurs in your brain. This episode with Dr. Andrew Huberman, a neuroscientist and well-known professor in the Department of Neurobiology at Stanford University, will help you better understand how you can use your brain with mindfulness techniques better through intense focus and restorative sleep. Enjoy! The Minimalists I Creativity with Matt D’Avella The Minimalist podcast host has an interesting guest who is known as a filmmaker and YouTuber Matt D’Avella. Together they take a glance at new improvements in contemporary art culture and review the progression of society. Discussing topics like creating more and consuming less, and producing meaningful content. Listening to how the hosts investigate issues from each side is sure to start the wheels turning in your own mind. Russell Brand | Never Compromise Your Creativity with David Lynch If you are interested in science fiction, literature, or cinema in general, Lynch needs no introduction for you. Dune director, without a doubt, is considered one of the most free-minded directors of our century. In the entertaining podcast hosted by Russel Brand, David Lynch uses the time to explain another side of him than we usually see in other interviews. While they present fantastic specifics in his career, this podcast's bulk reveals more complex ideas about creativity and how creativity can be boosted. We don't want to give more spoilers about this fantastic podcast. To be inspired, just listen to what he says about the creative ideas and his fountainhead of inspiration. Rich Roll Podcast I Creativity Is Our Birthright: Chase Jarvis Chase Jarvis is well-known as a visionary photographer, director, and social artist and widely lauded for his commercial work for Nike, Volvo, Reebok, Apple, and Red Bull. His new push into peculiar work and fine art has quickly got curators and art experts' notice, mainstream audiences, and celebrity circles worldwide. Chase's latest literary present (and the focus of today's conversation) is "Creative Calling: Establish a Daily Practice, Infuse Your World with Meaning, and Succeed in Work + Life" - an outstanding book on the potential of elaborating your natural creativity to infuse your life with higher meaning, direction, and accomplishment. Joe Rogan | Where Technology Will Be in 20 Years /Jamie Metzl If you are familiar with the world of podcasts, you are already a fan of Joe Rogan. Suppose you are exploring this new exciting content world right now, and you are not familiar with his work. In that case, we can introduce him to you as one of the most popular podcast hosts. In the episode, he welcomes famous science fiction writer Jamie Metzl to talk about future technologies. In the episode, Metzl discusses how technology transforms the world and encourages listeners to come up with unique and new ideas. This podcast episode can present you with complicated future conflicts while pushing you to use your imagination. Design Cuts I Overcoming Creative Block In this episode, honest creators talk regarding how to overcome creative block. If you've ever been stuck in a design rut, you understand how frustrating this can be! If you experience creative block from time to time, this episode is right for you. The podcast hosts will present how a designer goes through a period of 'no-inspiration mood' and share some practical tips to get your inspiration back. Jay Shetty I If You Struggle With A Poor Imagination, Creativity & Idea’s You Need This What makes individual companies world-changers? Vishen Lakhiani, founder and CEO of Mindvalley, talks about how positive transformation and organizational change from the top down creates all the difference. If you have podcast suggestions that can improve freelancers’ professional lives, share your favorite episodes with the hashtag #Ruul on Twitter. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Mert Bulut Mert Bulut is an innate entrepreneur, who after completing his education in Management Engineering (BSc) and Programming (MSc), co-founded Ruul at the age of 27. His achievements in entrepreneurship were recognized by Fortune magazine, which named him as one of their 40 under 40 in 2022. More What Can You Sell on Gumroad? What can and can't you sell on Gumroad? Here is a guide to understand the limits and benefits of Gumroad for your product. Read more Top Gumroad Alternatives Compare the best Gumroad alternatives for creators in 2025—fees, features, ease of use, and who each platform is best for. Read more What Is Goods And Services Tax (GST)? Everything You Need To Know Learn the fundamentals of Goods and services tax, including definition, features, and implementation. Explore its impact on businesses, freelancers, and consumers. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. 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https://ruul.io/blog/how-working-from-home-can-improve-your-life#$%7Bid%7D | How working from home can improve your life - Ruul Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up work How working from home can improve your life Discover how remote work can transform your life for the better. Explore benefits like flexibility, better work-life balance, and increased productivity! Arno Yeramyan 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points What are some of the reasons why independent professionals in growing numbers choose remote work? Is it the long office hours, toxic work environment or endless commuting? No matter what the reasons are, working remotely is likely to improve the overall quality of life for many people and continue to attract larger segments of the workforce in years to come.Perhaps you have been planning to switch to a remote job for some time or you have always wondered what the advantages of working from home may be. The truth is hybrid and remote working options are fastly becoming the new norm . According to a recent study, 10% of the working population in the US is now working from home. So in this new article, we decided to present to you some of the benefits of working from home and how working remotely can actually change your life for the good. Benefits of working from home Although the early history of remote working goes back to the 1970s, this form of employment has only recently been popularized by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The employees, solo professionals, employers and organizations have been discussing the potential benefits of working from home for some time now.On the employers’ end, working from home means increased productivity, cutting certain office costs, fewer sick leaves and efficient use of time . On the employees’ end, the benefits of working from home are improved work-life balance, avoiding the day-to-day frictions of a physical office environment, commuting less and greater autonomy . Overall, the benefits of working from home can be listed as: A healthy work-life balance More autonomy for employees Location-independence Saving more money Increased performance Improved mental health Taking better care of your body Healthy work-life balance and more autonomy One study after another shows that employees in various sectors and locations report working from home to improve their work-life balance. A recent survey in the US revealed that a quarter of the employees reported that their work-life balance improved due to working from home.Additionally, it was previously revealed that professionals coming from minority groups and marginalized communities expressed a great boost in various aspects of their lives thanks to remote working. Needless to say, working from home helps professionals to achieve higher degrees of autonomy without feeling the ordinary pressure that they felt when they worked at the office. Being location-independent You may be currently unemployed and looking for remote work or a long-time office employee who wishes to take a major step and switch to home-based working. One thing is sure that another perk of working remotely is to be location-independent.But what does it exactly mean to be location-independent and how can it improve your life? Location-independence is an umbrella term that implies any employee, solo professional or team leader can make a living from anywhere with a stable internet connection and a laptop .Being location-independent frees us from having to be stuck at a single place and a routine . This way, location-independent lifestyle covers solopreneurs, solo workers, freelancers and other professionals. We can hear you saying: but how can being location-independent improve my life?Being location-independent takes much of the pressure off and lets you choose the space where you work from and live in addition to allowing you to craft the flexible work schedule you always wanted . You can choose joining a coworking space , working from home or from a nomad-friendly destination . Not to mention that being location-independent allows remote workers to get employed at international companies. Saving more money Let's face it: very few of us expected to take up remote jobs or switch to remote positions before the pandemic. Having to adapt to the remote reality during the pandemic came along with certain challenges from separating our workspace and living space to taking care of children and pets in between Zoom meetings . But working from home also brought one of its major advantages with itself: the chance of saving more money .Some of the major items of expenditure for those who don’t work from home are: Transportation costs Clothing Childcare expenses Meals Recently, 38% of the U.S adults who took a survey about remote work reported that working from home had a positive impact on their finances . Moreover, 57% stated that remote working helped them put their finances in order .The survey also found out that the overall credit card debts of U.S adults decreased by 17% since the beginning of the pandemic. With the current trend of remote work on rise, members of Gen Z and Millennials are likely to save more in the future. Increased performance The debate on the impact of remote working on workers’ performance is an ongoing one. However, one research after another demonstrates that both employees, team leaders and employers believe that remote working increases the overall performance and productivity of talents.Not having to spend excessive hours on public transportation, the efficiency of remote working tools, apps and software , not being exposed to stress caused by the workplace combined with the efficiency of means of virtual communication are thought to contribute to the increased performance of talents who work from home. Positive effects on mental health Working at an office full-time for 40 hours per week can have a negative impact on your mental health if your workplace, colleagues and the management is not supportive of the employees’ well-being.Microsoft’s February 2021 survey revealed that 56% of employees felt happier when working from home. Having the freedom to choose where and how they can work most productively empowers talents and increases job satisfaction. This translates to an overall improved mental well-being. Taking better care of your body Apart from all the other advantages and improvements that working from home can offer, it is definitely a good way to pay more attention to what your body needs and to take care of it more effectively .Being seated in front of a computer on an office chair for extended periods of time without moving can cause several health issues. Most common issues and problems people face are stiff necks and back pain . However, working from home can grant you the chance of taking better care of your body.By having more chances of integrating exercise and healthy nutrition habits to your daily schedule, you can prevent certain health issues. Whether you need to take regular breaks every once in a while, incorporate simple physical exercise into your daily schedule, keep a nutritious and balanced diet, or arrange your workspace in a way that will suit your needs, working from home will surely help you avoid certain issues that come along by default with working at an office. Future of working from home It may be difficult to comprehend at the first glance that partially or fully location-free modes of employment became prominent in such a short period of time but it is reasonable to assume that in the following decades working from home is likely to become more popular among future generations doing various jobs.If you are currently planning to change your job and find a new one that you can do from home, keep in mind that certain positive aspects of working from home such as a sustainable work-life balance, autonomy for employees, location-independence, the chance to save money, increased performance, improved mental and physical health make it worth taking the step! For all things autonomous and location-independent work, keep following our blog and connect with us on LinkedIn and Instagram . ABOUT THE AUTHOR Arno Yeramyan Arno Yeramyan is a talented writer and financial expert who educates readers on various financial topics such as personal finance, investing, and retirement planning. He offers valuable insights to help readers make sound financial decisions for their future. More How to Grow Your Freelance Graphic Design Business Ready to take your freelance graphic design business to the next level? Click here to learn how to grow your freelance graphic design business! Read more Thoughtful client gift ideas for 2023 Ultimate guide to freelancer gift-giving, along with a carefully curated list of creative gift ideas for clients. Read more 5 steps to start a successful freelance graphic design business Embark on your freelance graphic design journey with 5 essential steps to success. Start strong, thrive! Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. 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https://ruul.io/blog/how-social-media-can-influence-your-freelance-opportunities#$%7Bid%7D | How Can Social Media Affect Freelancing Opportunities? Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up grow How Social Media Can Influence Your Freelance Opportunities Wondering how social media can shape your freelancing career? Uncover the benefits and unique growth opportunities it brings to freelancers! Canan Başer 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points Social media is the most powerful tool now for freelancers and businesses to appear more, find more opportunities, networking and more. Whether you’re a freelance writer, designer, developer, or video editor, using social media effectively can improve your freelance opportunities. Build Your Personal Brand You can easily make an effort and showcase your profile for building your personal brand on social media, and it will give results easier and faster than other platforms. Posting regularly, adding your brand in paid ad plans and sharing your case studies, you can boost your visibility and reach more and more audiences that might be your client in the future. Consistency is the key here. You should keep updating your personal brand by adding your updated projects, newest work details, goals, targets, testimonials and more to build trust with your audience. Network and Connect with Potential Clients Social media is indeed one of the most crowded areas for networking. So that means you can easily reach people that might be interested in your services, people who can collaborate with you to reach more audiences together and you can go beyond borders and reach new clients from other countries. Platforms like LinkedIn and Twitter specially, designed for business networking which will give you a great boost to reach your max potential. You can attract attention to your services, simply connect with the company owners, buyers, decision makers with a few simple clicks. With the direct messaging option that social media gives you, you can also send messages to your potential customers to book a meeting and have easy communication. Promote Your Work with Paid Ad and Showcase Your Portfolio You can expand your business with paid ad opportunities on social media. You can share testimonials, the list of your services, portfolio or maybe a case study, and then you can boost it through a social media business manager and reach the clients you target. The business manager gives you many options to create your promotion. You can reach other countries that you want to work with or you can simply filter the decision makers to show your ad. For getting the most of the benefit, create a webpage for your work, portfolio and all the other necessary documentation and promote that link. Or you can simply set an ad to lead them to your social media profile and send a message to you to start the connection. With paid ads you can easily reach more potential clients and increase your freelance income . Collaborate with Other Freelancers Social media is the number one choice for collaborations and networking. By joining communities or industry-specific groups, you can engage in collaborations, learn from others, and share advice. Networking with other freelancers opens doors to new projects, referrals, and collaboration opportunities that can help you expand your client base and increase your exposure. These connections can be extremely beneficial, as fellow freelancers can recommend you to clients in need of your services. Share Valuable Content to Attract Clients Sharing valuable content on social media is one of the best ways to establish authority and attract clients. Whether it’s blog posts, tutorials, tips, or industry insights, providing free, high-quality content helps position you as an expert. Clients are more likely to hire a freelancer who offers valuable advice and demonstrates their knowledge through their content. For instance, if you're a freelance social media manager, sharing social media tips or marketing strategies can help you connect with potential clients who need your services. The more you provide helpful content, the more likely your followers are to trust you and reach out when they need your expertise. Keep Track of Industry Trends Social media platforms provide valuable insights into the latest industry trends, keeping you updated on the newest tools, techniques, and market demands. By following industry leaders, joining niche groups, and engaging in conversations, freelancers can stay ahead of the curve and adjust their services accordingly. Understanding current trends allows you to offer relevant services that appeal to potential clients, increasing your chances of success in a competitive market. Manage Your Invoices and Payments Easily As a freelancer, managing your finances can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to invoicing clients. Thankfully, there are tools available to simplify this process. Ruul’s online billing solution helps you generate invoices easily and professionally, saving you time and ensuring you get paid on time. This makes managing finances much simpler, so you can focus on growing your freelance career instead of dealing with paperwork. Invoice Globally with Ease Social media opens doors to global freelance opportunities. By connecting with clients worldwide, you can expand your client base and work with people from different countries. With Ruul, you can invoice globally , making it easy to work with clients in various regions without worrying about currency conversion or compliance issues. This global reach allows you to attract high-paying clients from all over the world, giving your freelance business the chance to thrive. Set Clear Freelancer Pricing Policies Pricing is, of course, the most important part of freelancing. Most freelancers share their prices on social media as a sales strategy. It has advantages but also has some disadvantages as well. Showing your prices can be an advantage for your client to make decisions faster or approach you by knowing the price can eliminate losing the client due to overprice related reasons. But also sharing prices can cause you to lose the client from step one, without knowing you and your skills deeper by only judging the price. So it is totally up to your strategy for gaining clients but using social media for researching what other people charge for similar services is always a great idea. With this way, you can set competitive rates and develop effective freelancer pricing policies that align with industry standards. In summary, social media is an important tool for freelancers looking to expand their career opportunities, build their brand, and attract clients. By using platforms like LinkedIn, Instagram, and Twitter effectively, you can network, promote your work, and stay updated on industry trends. With tools like Ruul to help you streamline billing and payments, you can focus on what matters most—creating great content and growing your freelance business. Social media has the power to transform your freelance career, and by making the most of these platforms, you can reach new opportunities and increase your income. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Canan Başer Developing and implementing creative growth strategies. At Ruul, I focus on strengthening our brand and delivering real value to our global community through impactful content and marketing projects. More Best invoicing practices for freelancers to get paid on time Check out these integral invoicing tips if you want to know how to get invoices paid on time! Read more How to Invoice Without a Company in Greece Explore how freelancers in Greece can easily invoice clients worldwide, manage payments, and stay compliant without needing to register a business. Read more Mike La Rosa: 'Hands down, remote work IS the future of work' Explore insights from industry leaders on the transformative power of remote work in shaping the future of the workplace! Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Trustpilot Product Payment Requests Sell Services Sell Products Subscriptions Ruul Space Pricing For Businesses Resources Blog About Contact Support Referral Program Affiliate Program Partner Program Tools Invoice Generator NDA Generator Service Agreement Generator Freelancer Hourly Rate Calculator All Rights Reserved © 2025 Terms Of Use Privacy Policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://ruul.io/blog/8-steps-to-create-your-freelance-copywriting-portfolio#$%7Bid%7D | 8 steps to create your freelance copywriting portfolio - Ruul Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up grow 8 steps to create your freelance copywriting portfolio Learn how to create a freelance portfolio that sets you apart from the competition and lands you more projects. Read our guide now! Arno Yeramyan 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points Remember the early days of your professional life when you were often reminded how important your CV was? Well, people who said it were right, and believe it or not, whether you build it from scratch or use a freelance portfolio template, a comprehensive and neat freelance portfolio is equally important. In some cases it is even more important than your CV which only demonstrates your formal work experience.Being a freelance writer is equally challenging and rewarding . While it grants you a great deal of personal freedom it also requires you to be a responsible professional with competent self-management skills. Whatever sub-type of freelance writing you are interested in, you can always use a good pitch.Preparing a freelancing portfolio is a great way to demonstrate your technical skills,soft skills , the type of work you do, and most crucially the previous works you performed . Your freelancer portfolio is what sets you apart from your competitors and represents you in the market.Contrary to a conventional CV or a resumé, your self-employed portfolio gives you more space and freedom in terms of what message you want to convey to future clients while looking for potential freelance projects.Plus, putting freelance work on your portfolio coupled with other, more personal traits can create a sense of sincerity and acquaintanceship among your future clients. We are sure that this article has something to offer you whether you are a new freelancer wondering how to list your self-employment experience on your portfolio, or an experienced one targeting to improve your freelance writer portfolio. What is a writing portfolio? Basically, a writing portfolio is a portfolio where you demonstrate both your writing skills and your previous experience in freelance jobs related to writing. The purpose of preparing a writing portfolio is to demonstrate your relevant experience and freelance gigs you accomplished, and to inform your future clients as well as other freelancers about your job description .Depending on your needs and preferences, you can choose to use a portfolio template or not. But here, the absolute thing to keep in mind is that with the help of a template or not, your portfolio should include some essential items and it should be organized in an easily understandable and ‘user friendly’ way.Next, we’ll give you some ideas concerning how to add freelance work to your portfolio while remaining loyal to the essentials. Characteristics of a strong writing portfolio It takes a bunch of fundamental elements to make a writing portfolio strong. Let’s go over the essential characteristics of a bulletproof freelance writer portfolio. Keep the ultimate purpose of a writing portfolio in mind Always keep in mind that you are creating the writing portfolio with a vision which is to make these points evident: your improvements, your skills your achievements. Choose a design that’s easy to navigate and understand Your portfolio should bring the nuts and bolts of your freelance work together, consisting of: your previous experience your area of expertise your writing skills the outlets where your work is put (such as websites) Differentiate between your in progress and completed projects You may be currently working on an exciting project and think that it deserves to be displayed on your portfolio. Go for it! However, make sure you display the distinction between ongoing projects and the freelancer jobs and projects that you completed so far. Decide on which works to highlight Usually clients don’t have time to go over an entire collection of writing. Instead of listing all work you accomplished, you can find a way to curate some examples from different types of work you do and the services you offer . How to build a writing portfolio in 8 steps Until this point we mostly covered preparing a portfolio for writers who work for freelance jobs. But the thing is, whether you want to prepare a freelance journalist portfolio, freelance editor portfolio or a freelance writer portfolio, the basics are all the same.Once you understand the underlying logic of building a good portfolio, you can adjust it according to the specifics of the sector. So here are 8 easy steps to take while building a writing or any other type of portfolio. By providing these steps, we’ll also be answering the question on how to add your independent contractor work on a portfolio: Pinpoint and understand your target clients Exemplify your skills and highlight what you are good at Include the best of the best when it comes to your work Use a writing portfolio app or a website Update your portfolio regularly Decide the domain and the place where you want to display your portfolio Seek out guest posts Reach clients and do some networking Identify your potential clients Here is the first thing we need to get straight: we can’t address anyone and everyone. Like they used to say in the television business: you need to reach out to your ‘target audience’ . In order to achieve this you should be able to assess: who your potential clients are what they are looking for what the current trends in your field are It’s easier to properly build the suitable portfolio once you know who you are in dialogue with.At times when you feel like you are experiencing hardships building a portfolio that suits your clients, you can try examining some samples of freelance writer portfolios. Good examples of writer portfolios can prove inspiring. Define your skills and find your niche Since the activity of writing is often described with a single word, it is usually thought of as an all-encompassing endeavor. But as all freelancers know, the reality is quite more complicated than that.To that end, it is meaningful to define the skills that you put on a job application as well as on your portfolio. Try illustrating and elaborating your particular skills regarding specific writing tasks. Find and underline what you are especially good at (your niche, so to speak) in order to make a good impression on your future clients. Only include your finest work Everything moves at lightning speed in today’s business world, hence clients often have to make quick decisions about who to work with in their projects and take action accordingly. This means that you may not have enough space to feature every goal you accomplished so far in your portfolio.Building your portfolio by being mindful about this fact will give you a running start. You should only include what you believe to be your finest work in order to increase your chances. Including your best projects makes you look more professional and expresses the message that you are 100% fit to get the job done. Select a writing portfolio app or website to showcase your samples Thanks to the era of technology we are living in, it is possible to benefit from apps and websites designed to build writing portfolios. Such apps and websites are great because they help us save a considerable amount of time–they put everything together neatly and most of them offer free options. Needless to say, with the help of such apps and websites you can easily illustrate and highlight what you want to put in the forefront. Portfoliobox, Krop, Cargo, Adobe Portfolio, Weebly, Wix and IM Creator can be listed as some of the best portfolio building platforms. Many of those platforms offer free options and affordable packages for individuals and companies. Such platforms are also pretty handy with templates, dashboards, large storage units and customization options. Update and review your digital portfolio regularly At some point in our career, many of us build a portfolio or prepare a CV, and hardly ever look at it again unless we have to. This approach is not always useful. As we gain experience, the bulk of projects we complete and the tasks we wrap up increase gradually.Instead of reviewing and updating your digital portfolio once in a while when you feel like it, try turning it into a regular habit to review and update your digital portfolio on a consistent basis.Do you recall how we suggested always including your finest work in your portfolio? That step and this one go perfectly together. As you continue working, you’ll gradually complete finer and finer tasks and get better at what you are doing. By updating your digital portfolio regularly, you actually distill your portfolio into a first-rate state and omit the self-employed jobs of secondary importance. Decide on a domain name and where to host your portfolio Up to this point we talked about how to build a strong portfolio and tips for building it. But you should also keep in mind that building a portfolio is only 50% of the entire enterprise.The other 50% is to spread the word and make your portfolio get views from potential clients. If we are talking about ensuring this through digital channels, the best method is to decide on a domain name first. After you decide on the domain name and where you want to host your portfolio the next step is to display it on the relevant outlet.As mentioned above, it is better to focus on one domain or two at maximum to host your portfolio. This will allow you to center your energy to that one or two sites and aim for quality over quantity. Seek out guest post or non-profit opportunities Perhaps one of the most challenging parts of getting into freelance writing projects, or more generally in any freelance project, is to get started and be acknowledged by people who have already established a firm position in the field. But this shouldn’t be too frightening and discourage you from doing what you intend to do.On the contrary, remember that people who you admire today and look up to were probably in your shoes once. The solution for not having enough experience is actually fairly simple. You can chase minor gigs and guest post opportunities at the beginning. Similarly, you can write for NGOs (non-governmental organizations) or volunteer for multiple NGOs to get their writing tasks done.This way, you can familiarize yourself with the freelance writing process and you can build connections . At the end of these tasks, which generally tend to be less demanding, you can have the founding blocks of your professional portfolio. Reach the clients you need to launch your writing career Sitting around and waiting for clients to come to you is one way of handling your network. But the active pursuit of reaching out to clients who may be looking for someone with your abilities and skills is probably a better way to get started. Unfortunately, this point is often a little misunderstood. Freelancers who are new to the business sometimes tend to think that there is one single place or a magic formula to reach clients.However, the truth is that clients can be found in endless ways from even the most unthinkable of places. A few steps you can take include: Informing your friends Using the power of the internet efficiently Joining online or face to face community and networking meetings Promoting yourself and your work on social media Once you make up your mind on finding clients, the possibilities are plentiful.We have tried to walk you through the steps to build a bulletproof freelance writer portfolio displaying your range of writing skills and different types of work you have completed. For more tips and think pieces on pursuing a solo career as a freelance writer or journalist, feel free to dive into our blog! ABOUT THE AUTHOR Arno Yeramyan Arno Yeramyan is a talented writer and financial expert who educates readers on various financial topics such as personal finance, investing, and retirement planning. He offers valuable insights to help readers make sound financial decisions for their future. More Why should freelancers issue late fees? Late payments can be a headache for freelancers. This guide covers everything you need to know about using late fees to protect your business and income. Read more Freelance Invoice Templates by Profession As a battle against generic invoices, I explained the invoices that cause the least problems in a way no one has ever told you before. Read more How to Use Invoice Generators for Effective Invoice Tracking Improve your business cash flow with effective invoice tracking. Discover how invoice generators can streamline your process. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. 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Report Abuse Benoit Ruiz Posted on Sep 16, 2021 • Edited on Sep 20, 2021 Function composition and higher-order function # functional # programming # tutorial # typescript Demystifying Functional Programming (8 Part Series) 1 Introduction 2 What is Functional Programming? ... 4 more parts... 3 Why should we learn and use FP? 4 Function composition and higher-order function 5 Declarative vs imperative 6 Side effects 7 Function purity and referential transparency 8 Data immutability Table of contents Function composition How far we can go with it Higher-order function Function composition Function composition is a simple yet powerful key concept in Functional Programming. What is it? In a nutshell, it's the ability to combine behaviors together in a specific order, transforming data little by little from an initial shape into a new one. More concretely, it's the combination of functions where the output (returned value) of the previous function becomes the input (argument) of the next one, and so on until the last function. We can visualize it as a pipeline where some data of a given shape enters on one side, then comes out with a new (same or different) shape on the other side. Composing functions yields... Another function! Therefore a pipeline is, in turn, a function. We don't know exactly how it's defined from an external point of view, and that's why it's so powerful: it's an abstraction that hides implementation details . The intermediate steps to transform a BlueSquare into a PurpleHexagon are hidden/abstracted. Given the following 3 functions f , g , and h : Can we compose these functions to create the pipeline from above? Let's see: f takes a BlueSquare as input, then returns a GreenCircle g takes a GreenCircle as input (therefore, it can be composed with f , if f comes first), then returns a RedDiamond h takes a RedDiamond as input (therefore, it can be composed with g , if g comes first), then returns a PurpleHexagon By aligning f , then g and finally h , we end up with a pipeline that takes a BlueSquare as input, and returns a PurpleHexagon , which is exactly what we were looking for! The weird notation with circles is the way function composition in mathematics is written: h ∘ g ∘ f can be read as "h round g round f", and is applied from right to left: h(g(f(x))) . How far we can go with it Since pipelines are functions, it means we can compose them with other functions as well. This is the essence of software programming: composing smaller pieces together to end up with a complex system that fulfills all the requirements. Suppose we need to transform some GreenCircle into a PurpleHexagon somewhere in our code base. Do we have to implement this function by ourselves, or can we simply compose functions that already exist? Here, we are assuming the actual implementations of the functions from above suit our needs. In reality, there could be several implementations for a function transforming a GreenCircle into a PurpleHexagon . For example, isEven and isOdd are both functions that transform numbers (green circles) into booleans (purple hexagons), but with different implementations. Of course we can, by composing g with h : And since this pipeline is a function, we can actually define the previous pipeline using this one and f : This way, we have reusable units/functions in our code base that can be composed anywhere to form new functions/pipelines that are more and more complex. Shapes are nice, but if you're looking for something more concrete, here's an example with simple functions in TypeScript: const getNumberOfCharacters = ( text : string ): number => text . length const increment = ( n : number ): number => n + 1 const isGreaterThan5 = ( n : number ): boolean => n > 5 // pipeline definition const isTextLongEnough : ( text : string ) => boolean = flow ( getNumberOfCharacters , increment , isGreaterThan5 ) console . log ( isTextLongEnough ( ' abc ' )) // false console . log ( isTextLongEnough ( ' abcde ' )) // true Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode I'm using the flow function from the fp-ts library, which is used specifically to compose functions, from left to right. I could've written it the following way, but it's less readable in my opinion: const isTextLongEnough : ( text : string ) => boolean = text => isGreaterThan5 ( increment ( getNumberOfCharacters ( text ))) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The advantage of having small units/functions is that we can reuse some of them to create different pipelines. For example: const isEven = ( n : number ): boolean => n % 2 === 0 const hasEvenNumberOfCharacters : ( text : string ) => boolean = flow ( getNumberOfCharacters , isEven ) console . log ( hasEvenNumberOfCharacters ( ' abc ' )) // false console . log ( hasEvenNumberOfCharacters ( ' abcd ' )) // true Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Wait a minute... All these functions have only 1 argument, also called unary functions . What happens if we want to compose functions that take multiple arguments? For example: Or more concretely: const isGreaterThan = ( n : number , limit : number ): boolean => n > limit Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The answer lies in currying and partial application , which are 2 concepts we'll see later in this series. Stay tuned! Higher-order function A higher-order function, or HOF for short, is a function that takes at least a function as its argument(s), and/or returns a new function. If you have used the map and filter methods on an array in JavaScript, then you have already used HOFs, because these 2 methods take a function as their arguments: const evenNumbers = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. filter ( n => n % 2 === 0 ) // or the shorter version: [1, 2, 3, 4].filter(isEven) console . log ( evenNumbers ) // [2, 4] const doubledNumbers = [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. map ( n => n * 2 ) console . log ( doubledNumbers ) // [2, 4, 6] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can create our own higher-order functions as well. Let's have a look at a simple example, in TypeScript and Scala: const enum Shape { BlueSquare , GreenCircle , RedDiamond } function createShapes ( volume : number , generateShape : () => Shape ): Shape [] { return [... new Array ( volume )]. map (() => generateShape ()) } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode sealed trait Shape case object BlueSquare extends Shape case object GreenCircle extends Shape case object RedDiamond extends Shape def createShapes ( volume : Int , generateShape : () => Shape ) : List [ Shape ] = List . range ( 0 , volume ). map ( _ => generateShape ()) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Here the createShapes function is a HOF, because it takes a function as one of its arguments: generateShape . If you are familiar with design patterns from Object-Oriented Programming, then you might have thought about the Strategy pattern here, and you would've been correct. In fact, a lot of OO design patterns can be implemented using HOFs. That being said, some of the OO patterns don't make sense in FP, since we are not trying to solve problems with classes and objects, but rather with data and functions. The flow function that we saw earlier is also a HOF, since it takes multiple functions as its arguments, and returns a function at the end. We can define a higher-order function in TypeScript to emulate some form of pattern matching on these shapes: function matchShape ( onBlueSquare : ( shape : BlueSquare ) => void , onGreenCircle : ( shape : GreenCircle ) => void , onRedDiamond : ( shape : RedDiamond ) => void ) { return ( shape : Shape ): void => { switch ( shape ) { case BlueSquare : return onBlueSquare ( shape ) case GreenCircle : return onGreenCircle ( shape ) case RedDiamond : return onRedDiamond ( shape ) } } } matchShape ( shape => console . log ( ' Blue is my favorite color! ' , shape ), shape => console . log ( ' I love green tea! ' , shape ), shape => console . log ( ' I have a red car! ' , shape ) )( GreenCircle ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In this example, matchShape is a HOF as it takes 3 arguments that are functions, and returns a new function that takes a Shape as its argument. If you are from the web app development world, you might have crossed path with Higher-Order Components , or HOCs. In React, a HOC is a function that takes a component as its argument, and returns a new component. We can clearly see the similarities with HOFs here. Alright, we've reached the end of this chapter. Summary Function composition is the ability to combine functions together, in a specific order, to transform some shape into a new shape. A higher-order function, or HOF, is a function that takes at least 1 function as its argument(s), and may return a new function. Thank you for reading this far! I hope everything was clear and you learned something. If you have any question or need some clarifications, feel free to leave a comment :) The next article in this series will be about "declarative vs imperative" programming. See you next time! Photo by Xavi Cabrera on Unsplash . Pictures created with Excalidraw . Demystifying Functional Programming (8 Part Series) 1 Introduction 2 What is Functional Programming? ... 4 more parts... 3 Why should we learn and use FP? 4 Function composition and higher-order function 5 Declarative vs imperative 6 Side effects 7 Function purity and referential transparency 8 Data immutability Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Benoit Ruiz Follow Location France Work Software Engineer at Datadog Joined Aug 2, 2020 More from Benoit Ruiz Data immutability # functional # programming # tutorial # typescript Function purity and referential transparency # functional # programming # tutorial # typescript Equivalent of Scala's for-comprehension using fp-ts # typescript # scala # functional # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://ruul.io/blog/which-payment-gateway-is-best-for-freelancers-in-spain#$%7Bid%7D | Best Payment Solutions for Freelancers in Spain Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up get paid Which Payment Gateway is Best for Freelancers in Spain? Freelancing in Spain? Learn which payment gateways will help you manage payments effortlessly. Click to explore the top choices! Canan Başer 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points As the gig economy continues to thrive, freelancers in Spain are increasingly seeking effective ways to manage their finances. One of the key components of a successful freelance career is finding the right payment gateway. This blog post will explore various payment gateways available in Spain, helping freelancers make informed choices about their financial transactions. Payment Gateway in Spain A payment gateway is a technology that facilitates online payments for businesses and freelancers. It serves as the intermediary between a freelancer’s website or online platform and the financial institutions that process payments. In Spain, several payment gateways cater specifically to the needs of freelancers, making it essential to choose one that suits your specific requirements. Whether you’re a graphic designer, writer, or developer, having a reliable payment gateway can significantly affect your cash flow and overall financial health. Online Payment Methods in Spain Spain offers a variety of online payment methods, which can be categorized into traditional and modern solutions. Traditional methods include bank transfers and credit cards, while modern methods encompass digital wallets and cryptocurrencies. Each option comes with its advantages and disadvantages, making it crucial for freelancers to evaluate which method best suits their business model and client preferences. For example, bank transfers, while secure, can take several days to process. In contrast, digital wallets can enable instant transactions, which can be beneficial for freelancers who need quick access to their funds. Additionally, understanding the demographic of your client base can help determine which payment methods are most convenient for them. Younger clients may prefer digital wallets, while older clients may stick to traditional bank transfers. What is the Best Method of Payment in Spain? The best method of payment in Spain depends on several factors, including the freelancer's niche, client preferences, and the types of services offered. For freelancers working with international clients, digital wallets and payment gateways that support multiple currencies can be advantageous. Popular options include PayPal, Stripe, and the increasingly popular cryptocurrency options, allowing for swift and secure transactions. Additionally, it's important to consider fees associated with each payment method. Some platforms charge a flat fee per transaction, while others may take a percentage of the total amount. Therefore, freelancers should assess their pricing models and client expectations when deciding which payment method to adopt. Best Payment Gateways in Spain When choosing a payment gateway, freelancers should consider several factors, including transaction fees, ease of integration, and customer support. Here are some of the best payment gateways in Spain: PayPal : Known for its user-friendly interface and widespread acceptance, PayPal allows freelancers to send and receive payments quickly. It's particularly useful for international transactions due to its extensive network. Additionally, PayPal offers buyer and seller protection, adding an extra layer of security. Stripe : This gateway is ideal for tech-savvy freelancers looking to integrate payment processing directly into their websites. Stripe supports various payment methods, including credit cards and digital wallets, and offers advanced features like subscription billing and customizable invoices. Redsys : A popular choice in Spain, Redsys provides a secure and efficient way for freelancers to accept credit and debit card payments. This gateway is commonly used by local businesses and is known for its reliable customer service. Bizum : A unique payment method that allows users to transfer money instantly using their mobile phones. This option is gaining popularity among freelancers in Spain due to its convenience and ease of use. Bizum transactions are often fee-free, making it an attractive option for freelancers. Ruul : As a freelancer in Spain, you can leverage Ruul’s benefits, including its low commission rates starting at 2.75%, and dedicated customer support. It enables freelancers to collect payments swiftly while ensuring a smooth payment process. With Ruul, you can also connect with clients from various industries, expanding your potential client base. Top Payment Methods in Spain Freelancers should familiarize themselves with the top payment methods in Spain. While traditional methods like bank transfers and credit card payments remain popular, digital solutions such as cryptocurrency payouts are gaining traction. Many clients now prefer using digital wallets or cryptocurrencies for their transactions, making it essential for freelancers to offer these options. Adopting a multi-faceted approach to payment methods can enhance your client relationships. Offering various payment options, including traditional and modern methods, can accommodate different preferences, making it easier for clients to pay you promptly. Payment Gateway for Freelancers in Spain Selecting the right payment gateway is vital for freelancers looking to streamline their payment processes. Factors such as fees, ease of use, and customer support can significantly impact a freelancer's experience. Freelancers should thoroughly research and compare different options to find the gateway that best fits their business needs. Moreover, consider reading reviews and seeking recommendations from fellow freelancers in your network. Personal experiences can provide valuable insights into the reliability and efficiency of various payment gateways. Invoice Creation An efficient invoicing process is essential for freelancers. Utilizing invoice creation online software allows freelancers to generate professional invoices quickly. Many payment gateways also offer integrated invoicing solutions, simplifying the payment process for both freelancers and clients. This ensures that you can collect payments promptly and efficiently. When creating invoices, be sure to include all relevant details, such as your services rendered, payment terms, and due dates. Clarity in your invoicing can help avoid misunderstandings and encourage timely payments. Easy Payments One of the key considerations for freelancers is cash flow management which means reaching early pay options. Many payment gateways now offer early payment solutions, allowing freelancers to receive funds before the standard payment processing time. This feature can be particularly beneficial for freelancers who need to manage their finances effectively. Accessing your earnings earlier can help you cover expenses and reinvest in your business without waiting for traditional payment cycles. Understanding the terms and conditions associated with early payment features is crucial, as they may come with fees or interest. Selecting the right payment gateway can impact your overall earnings. Most freelancers struggle at this point. Freelance writing jobs , design related jobs, administrative jobs or others, whether you have projects for short term or long term, getting paid on time will change the game for freelancers to maintain the success rate. Consider a payment method that minimizes fees and offers fast processing times. This ensures that you get paid quickly for your hard work, allowing you to focus on what you do best. Additionally, having a reliable payment gateway can enhance your professional image. Clients often prefer working with freelancers who have established, efficient systems in place for payment processing. How to Collect Crypto Payments As the use of cryptocurrencies becomes more widespread, many freelancers are looking to collect payments in digital currencies. To understand how to collect crypto payment you need to choose a payment gateway that supports cryptocurrency transactions. Platforms like Ruul facilitate crypto payouts, enabling freelancers to receive payments in their preferred digital currency. In conclusion, choosing the right payment gateway is essential for freelancers in Spain. By understanding the various options available and considering factors like fees and ease of use, you can find the perfect solution for your freelance business. Ruul offers a valuable option for freelancers, providing competitive rates and customer support to help you succeed in your freelance journey. By leveraging these tools and strategies, freelancers can focus on their work and grow their businesses with peace of mind. Ruul offers multiple payment options, including credit cards, and uniquely allows for payouts in cryptocurrency, distinguishing it from competitors. If freelancers activate the feature it also allows them to accept payment via payment link to make the whole process easier for both sides. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Canan Başer Developing and implementing creative growth strategies. At Ruul, I focus on strengthening our brand and delivering real value to our global community through impactful content and marketing projects. More How to Sell Digital Products: Best Practices, Tools and Pricing Tips Learn how to successfully sell digital products online. Discover the best practices, essential tools, and smart pricing strategies to grow your revenue as a digital creator or freelancer. Read more 10 freelance business ideas to start today Finding freelance business ideas tailored to your skills can be tough. We selected some of the best ideas enabling you to work from home. Read more Ruul business interviews: meet Tufan from GrowthYouNeed Join Ruul Business Interviews: Meet Tufan from GrowthYouNeed. Gain insights into growth strategies and business success! Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Trustpilot Product Payment Requests Sell Services Sell Products Subscriptions Ruul Space Pricing For Businesses Resources Blog About Contact Support Referral Program Affiliate Program Partner Program Tools Invoice Generator NDA Generator Service Agreement Generator Freelancer Hourly Rate Calculator All Rights Reserved © 2025 Terms Of Use Privacy Policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://ruul.io/blog/how-to-start-a-business-from-scratch#$%7Bid%7D | How hard is it to start a business from scratch? - Ruul Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up grow How to Start a Business From Scratch? (Step-By-Step) Starting a business can be overwhelming, but with the right preparation, you can overcome the challenges. Learn how to calculate hidden costs, choose the right legal structure, and succeed. Mert Bulut 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points Everyone wishes to start their own business and do their dream job. Achieving your goals, being the boss, being free... But is starting your own business as easy as you imagine? Typically, there are a lot of points to evaluate before you start to plan your business. These factors may vary depending on the kind of business you wish to open, competition, capital, and freelancer salary. Is there a procedure for starting a business? What are the legal considerations for new businesses? This blog has a well-researched guide that will give a step-by-step method of launching your business to maximize your success rate. 9 Easy Steps to Start a Business From Scratch The fact is, a freelance job pays well. However, to excel in it, you must follow the steps that will enable you to create a business successfully: Understand the Idea of Your Business People will always advise you on freelance business ideas that align with your passion. But you need to be realistic: For a business to be successful on the market, you need to be skilled at it, you need to bring something new to it, and you need to be able to make profits from it. For example, if you have a passion for drawing but still need to develop your skills and practice more, you won't find clients. Also, remember to check the availability of similar businesses in the area you want to open. Conduct Market Research and Analyze Any Competitors Market research is important since it guides you on whether there are competitor businesses that meet the needs. When it comes to research, there are three main market analysis techniques of conducting research: Start with a primary analysis . Interview individuals in the area to learn and assess current reactions to your product rather than relying on historical data. Make sure that the target market consists of strangers. Go to the secondary analysis. With this analysis, you use information from various sources to gather data about the market. Although the primary method may be more accurate and clear than the information, it certainly provides you with information. Use the SWOT analysis . The SWOT analysis enables you to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, possible opportunities, and threats of building a business. Create a Strategy Using a Business Plan The research you gather can only help you if you have a business plan. Usually, creating a business plan helps you define your business's current and future goals. Using a business plan helps you make effective decisions and commit to achieving your business goals. Look for an Exit Your business has been established, functioned, developed, and continues to move forward. But businesses can stall at some point, and their momentum can decline. This is very normal; no business follows the graph it started on. At this point, exiting at the right time becomes important. When you exit defines your success as much as when you should start your business. Therefore, You need to determine your exit strategy. Some common exit strategies can be changing business ownership or selling it. An ideal exit strategy makes you profit from the business when conditions are challenging. For example, transferring ownership, selling the company, and closing it down are some exit strategies. Choose the Kind of Business Ownership The kind of business structure to choose will depend on crucial parameters like taxes, daily operations, and the lack of guarantee that a product will sell. Therefore, the business structure is not solely based on capital. There are other factors to consider as well. Make Your Business Legal Through Registration and Licenses After selecting an ideal business structure, you can register your business now to get the necessary licenses and permits. But did you choose your business name? You should come up with a creative, unique name that best describes the business. Remember to research businesses with similar names and determine if the name complies with USPTO guidelines. To make it concrete, you can now register your business with the secretary of state. You can consult a registered agent who can help you professionally. As for licensing, you may have to pay a certain amount to get some of them. You should research the procedures thoroughly and procure all the necessary documents. Gather the Capital You Require for the Startup Capital is always needed in every business, no matter what you do. First, you should accurately determine the amount you need to start your business. It would help if you had a target, researched potential costs, and, most importantly, were realistic about the amount you wish to use in the business startup. Get a Business Insurance Cover Of course, the crisis is unpredictable. Therefore, it is advisable to get insurance on what kind of business you have. Before applying for one, identify the types of risk your business may go through to guide you on which insurance to choose. In the following stages of your business, you might be required to change or upgrade to other insurance coverage due to increased employee turnover and risks. Promote the Business Even though you sell the best product in the world, you must do marketing and promotion correctly to bring you something. Marketing is one of the steps in which you need to invest a lot of money and time. It is necessary not only for sales but also for the development of your business. You can start promoting through social media platforms and your official business website. But it's best to budget for hiring a professional marketing team. Wrapping Up It isn't easy to follow your dreams, start your business from scratch, and run it properly. There are and will be many obstacles, but they will bring you to success. Fortunately, you can get professional help anyway. If you start or plan your own business, Ruul is always here for you to help. Ruul can perfectly manage your business to work properly and legally. It eases the complicated and legal work of your self-employed business. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Mert Bulut Mert Bulut is an innate entrepreneur, who after completing his education in Management Engineering (BSc) and Programming (MSc), co-founded Ruul at the age of 27. His achievements in entrepreneurship were recognized by Fortune magazine, which named him as one of their 40 under 40 in 2022. More Contra vs Upwork vs Fiverr Compare Contra, Upwork, and Fiverr for freelancers—fees, client quality, ease of use & payout speed in 2025. Read more Invoicing and payment terms every freelancer must know Learn the invoicing and payment terms every freelancer needs to know for successful project negotiations. Get paid easily and stress-free with our guide. Read more Freelancer Service: Online and Remote Working Opportunities Explore the world of freelancing with Ruul. Learn about different freelancing services, from writing and graphic design to web development and consulting. Join Ruul to streamline your workflow with secure invoicing and payment solutions. Sign up now and simplify your freelancing career. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. 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https://dev.to/favour_okhioya_9b7d7bd62f/how-to-turn-my-idea-to-reality-k4f | How to turn my idea to reality - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Favour Okhioya Posted on Jun 16, 2025 How to turn my idea to reality # webdev # ai Currently working on this but in need of an app builder or a web developer I don't have funds but I have an idea that can tick the clock Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Favour Okhioya Follow I just that person with ideas Location Lagos Nigeria Joined Jun 16, 2025 More from Favour Okhioya Hi new here actually I am currently working on an app want to get an insight kindly DM # webdev # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://dev.to/devteam/congrats-to-the-ai-agents-intensive-course-writing-challenge-winners-1969 | Congrats to the AI Agents Intensive Course Writing Challenge Winners! - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Jess Lee for The DEV Team Posted on Jan 8 Congrats to the AI Agents Intensive Course Writing Challenge Winners! # googleaichallenge # ai # agents # devchallenge The results are in! We're excited to announce the winners of the AI Agents Intensive Course Writing Challenge . The quality and depth of reflection across all submissions made judging a rewarding process. Participants shared their learning experiences, technical takeaways, and ambitious capstone projects. We couldn't help ourselves and ended up selecting five winners who captured the essence of the AI Agents Intensive Course with clarity, originality, and style. Read on to see who they are! Congratulations To… 🏰 A Most Illuminating Excursion: The Staff of Westmarch Attend Google's 5-Day AI Agents Intensive Andrew Gordon Browne ・ Dec 5 '25 #googleaichallenge #ai #agents #devchallenge Trajectory Is The Truth: My Five-Day Transformation Into an Agent Architect Maggie Zhao ・ Dec 15 '25 #googleaichallenge #ai #agents #architecture Orchestrating Intelligence: A Reflection on Agentic AI TANUJA CHAVAN ・ Dec 12 '25 #googleaichallenge #ai #agents #devchallenge Turning Exam Stress Into an AI Project: My AI Agents Intensive Experience Narasimha Kambham ・ Dec 10 '25 #googleaichallenge #ai #agents #devchallenge What Day 2 of the Google x Kaggle AI Agents Intensive Taught Me About MCP Security Gervais Yao Amoah ・ Dec 12 '25 #googleaichallenge #ai #agents #devchallenge Prizes Our five winners will receive: DEV++ Membership Exclusive DEV Badge All Participants with a valid submission will receive a completion badge on their DEV profile. About the Course The 5-Day AI Agents Intensive course with Google is a hands-on program originally held live from November 10 - 14, 2025. It is now available as a self-paced Kaggle Learn guide so anyone can explore the foundations, architecture and practical development of AI agents. This course was crafted by Google’s ML researchers and engineers to help developers explore the foundations and practical applications of AI agents. You’ll learn the core components – models, tools, orchestration, memory and evaluation. Finally, you’ll discover how agents move beyond LLM prototypes to become production-ready systems. Each day blends conceptual deep dives with hands-on examples, codelabs, and live discussions. By the end, you’ll be ready to build, evaluate, and deploy agents that solve real-world problems. What's next? Join our "New Year, New You" Portfolio Challenge happening now through the end of the month! Join the New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge: $3,000 in Prizes + Feedback from Google AI Team (For Winners and Runner Ups!) Jess Lee for The DEV Team ・ Jan 1 #devchallenge #googleaichallenge #career #gemini Thank you to everyone who participated! We hope you enjoyed reflecting on your learning journey and sharing your experiences with the community. See you next time! Top comments (5) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Maggie Zhao Maggie Zhao Maggie Zhao Follow Joined Dec 8, 2025 • Jan 8 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide So excited to see 'Trajectory Is The Truth' recognized by the judges! 🦄 This challenge pushed me to define what being an Agent Architect really means. Huge thanks to Google AI and DEV for the platform. If anyone wants to discuss control planes or agent reliability, let's connect! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Vivian Jair Vivian Jair Vivian Jair Follow Hey there, I'm Vivian. I lead the Google AI x DEV partnership initiative. Location San Francisco Education University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School Work Product Marketing Manager Joined May 30, 2025 • Jan 8 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Huge congrats everyone! So excited to see the level of thoughtful submissions - and thank you all for participating in our AI Agents Intensive as well. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Suzuki Ichiro Suzuki Ichiro Suzuki Ichiro Follow Joined Jan 12, 2026 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi, My name is Suzuki Ichiro and I’m an agency of a software company. I came across your profile and was really impressed by your work. I’d love to connect and explore potential collaboration opportunities where our skills could complement each other. Whether it’s sharing knowledge, contributing to projects, or discussing ideas, I believe there’s a lot we could learn from each other. Looking forward to hearing your thoughts! My Whatsapp: +380 93 106 9319 My Discord: gps4ever91825 My telegram: @gps4never Best regards, Suzuki Ichiro Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cyber Safety Zone Cyber Safety Zone Cyber Safety Zone Follow Cybersecurity & Content WriterBlogger at Cyber Safety Zone Helping freelancers and small businesses stay secure in the digital age. I write about AI risks, cyber threats, and budget-friendly security Email admin@cybersafetyzone.com Location United States,san Francisco Joined Aug 17, 2025 • Jan 8 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great to see so many thoughtful reflections and innovative projects from the AI Agents Intensive Course writing challenge! 🎉 It’s inspiring to see how developers are not just learning theory but sharing real insights and takeaways that benefit the whole community. Congratulations to all the winners! 👏 I’m curious — what was the most surprising lesson you all learned about building AI agents during the challenge? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mayos Athukut Mayos Athukut Mayos Athukut Follow Joined Jan 12, 2026 • Jan 12 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Congrats to all Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Contribute to Forem More from The DEV Team Join the Algolia Agent Studio Challenge: $3,000 in Prizes! # algoliachallenge # devchallenge # agents # webdev Congrats to the Xano AI-Powered Backend Challenge Winners! # xanochallenge # backend # api # ai Join the New Year, New You Portfolio Challenge: $3,000 in Prizes + Feedback from Google AI Team (For Winners and Runner Ups!) # devchallenge # googleaichallenge # career # gemini 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://apisyouwonthate.com/blog/creating-openapi-from-http-traffic/ | Creating OpenAPI from HTTP Traffic Newsletter Articles Books Podcast Membership Sign in Subscribe Creating OpenAPI from HTTP Traffic Phil Sturgeon 01 Jan 2022 — 6 min read Around this time of year we're thinking about things we're going to do differently, new practices we've been putting off for too long, and mistakes we want to avoid continuing into another year. For many of us in the API world, that is going to be switching to API Design-first , using standards like OpenAPI to plan and prototype the API long before any code is written. More organizations are switching to API Design-first with OpenAPI , thanks to huge efforts from tooling vendors - from the bigger folks: Stoplight and Postman , to the smaller open-source OpenAPI tools - making it far easier to do. Sadly, there's an awkward position many of us are stuck in. We have an API that we built years ago, and now our DevRel team want OpenAPI-based API Reference documentation, the API governance team want OpenAPI to be included in the pull request for any code change, the testing team want our OpenAPI to set up end-to-end contract testing, but we don't have any OpenAPI... AGH! We wrote before about some slightly hacky ways to create OpenAPI from things like Postman Collections, using JSON to JSON Schema converters, and a whole lot of mucking about, but thankfully these days there are far nicer solutions around. One especially smooth tool is Akita ! Akita is an observability tool, which can sniff HTTP traffic, and build models of your data. Once it's done that, it can create a graph of all your APIs to give insight into a system, intelligently catch and communicate breaking changes, and various other handy things. We're going to use just part of it's power to create OpenAPI for an API after it's already been deployed to production, so that we can use API Design-first for any new functionality going forwards. Looking for a example wasn't hard. I'd made this mistake myself earlier in the year. We rushed an API for Protect Earth . There was no need to design the API because it had to match a contract defined by an existing tree-planting partner, so we just copied some of their JSON, and coded to that rough shape hoping for the best. Of course this rush blew up in our face immediately. The first consumer integration was a lot of awful trial-and-error which took ages, and when the second consumer they didn't have any documentation. I know I know. The mechanic’s car is always broken... So let's get on with it. We could install the Akita Client anywhere, maybe pop it on a staging/production servers to detect that traffic, but installing on a laptop is easier for this workflow: running a proxy, sniffing requests/responses for https://api.protect.earth/ , and importing into Akita. This is documented nicely on Akita's docs site , but lets focus on the specific bits for this workflow. Step 1: Setup Akita Client locally Head over to akitasoftware.com and click Join Beta. Maybe it's already out so click Register, just get yourself an account somehow. Now we can install the akita-cli client. On macOS that'll be a brew install, and for everything else theres docs . brew tap akitasoftware/akita && brew install akita-cli When that's installed, use the akita login command to log in. You'll want to go fishing for your API Key which is in Settings on the Akita dashboard. akita login API Key ID: apk_0000000000000000000000 API Key Secret: ****************************** Login successful! API keys stored in ${HOME}/.akita/credentials.yaml Step 2: Man in the Middle Proxy In order to intercept the HTTP traffic going to an encrypted website ( https:// ) we can use the free tool mitmproxy , which is another brew install. brew install mitmproxy Then, we'll want to grab the har_dump.py script from mitmproxy which will turn intercepted traffic on their proxy into a HAR (HTTP Archive format) file . wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy/master/examples/contrib/har_dump.py Ready for action. Step 3: Using the proxy In one terminal session, run the proxy server with the har_dump.py script loaded up, and dump.har set so the HAR file will be saved locally. mitmdump -s ./har_dump.py --set hardump=./dump.har If it's working, the proxy will run on localhost:8080 so you can use that as a proxy in whatever http client. Maybe you're one of those folks who can remember how curl works. curl -D - -k --proxy localhost:8080 https://api.protect.earth/v1/orders/c36916f7-7591-47e5-b069-f983b9c0f320 That will make requests to the https://api.protect.earth/v1/orders/{uuid} endpoint of the Protect Earth API, pass the request and response through mitmproxy, and write the output to dump.har . Doing all of this in curl was a bit of a mess so I grabbed Insomnia and clicked around the API a bit, hitting as many resources and collections as possible, so the OpenAPI is based on a superset of all the data it's seen, instead of just the one JSON representation. Step 4: Converting HAR to OpenAPI There are a lot of tools out there to convert a HAR to OpenAPI, but some of them are old, some of them are bad, and most of them are both. Akita is fantastic at doing this, and can handle all nullable, optional, polymorphic, and generally funny shaped data! It'll take a stab at noticing formats of strings, all of which saves you time from filling all this in manually. The akita apispec command can import dump.har to your service, and give it a name. The service was protect-earth and the spec was just called mySpec because that's what the docs said and it doesn't seem to matter. akita apispec --traces dump.har --out akita://protect-earth:spec:mySpec The Services page in Akita should now be aware of the service you just uploaded. Click on that and there will be a list of endpoints its aware of, with parameters used to avoid duplicating endpoints for different UUIDs or other parameters as other tools often do. Those endpoints have all their metadata associated in Akita, which means it's ready for exporting as OpenAPI through the web interface. The OpenAPI document will be created as YAML, and at time of writing is producing OpenAPI v3.0. Ideally it would soon be updated to OpenAPI v3.1, but the differences are not huge and can be changed manually . Once you've got this OpenAPI YAML document you can shove it into your Git repo to live alongside your code. It might not be perfect, but you can hook that Git repo up to a web-based OpenAPI editor like Stoplight Platform , or a local file editor like Stoplight Studio, or just manually wrangle the YAML in your favourite text editor. However you go about it, you can tidy up the OpenAPI document according to your preferences, and publish the docs when you're done. How you might chose to tidy up the OpenAPI is another article for another day, but getting some OpenAPI without having to manually wrangle it all by hand is a huge timesaver. More importantly it's likely to help API teams get on board with any organization-wide push for API Design-first, or any other API Program or workflow that requires OpenAPI. Now, I'm off to plan out a new endpoint for the Protect Earth API using the design-first approach, so I can give multiple consumers a mock endpoint to hit to see if it'll work for them, before I bother writing up a bunch of code I'll only have to change later based on their feedback. Read more Design First, AI Never In the age of vibe-coding, how can we convince teams to invest in design before building APIs? Also in this newsletter: OpenAPI 3.3, Reddit's microservices architecture, an update to Speakeasy for OpenApi 3.2.0, and more! By Alexander Karan 15 Dec 2025 Zero-Downtime Migration from Laravel Vapor to Laravel Cloud Move your Laravel API from Vapor to Cloud in phases, without making a complete hash of it and wishing you never bothered. By Phil Sturgeon 08 Dec 2025 NestJS: Bad, or Really Bad? 😉 In this newsletter: the Resty library for APIs in Golang, a new Bruno release, an interview with Kin Lane, and API Schema Automation for devs By Alexander Karan 01 Dec 2025 Building a Sustainable Future in APIs with Kin Lane Kin Lane drops by to talk to Phil Sturgeon about his new startup, the changing landscape of API tech, why REST fundamentals are still important, and building sustainable API tools. By Mike Bifulco 01 Dec 2025 Sign up About Powered by Ghost Are you ready to build APIs You Won't Hate? Join now to subscribe to our twice-monthly newsletter, access to our Slack Channel, and other subscriber benefits. Unsubscribe any time. Subscribe | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://share.transistor.fm/s/080fd715#goodpods-path-1 | APIs You Won't Hate | API Gateways, Service Meshes, oh my! APIs You Won't Hate 40 ? 30 : 10)" @keyup.document.left="seekBySeconds(-10)" @keyup.document.m="toggleMute" @keyup.document.s="toggleSpeed" @play="play(false, true)" @loadedmetadata="handleLoadedMetadata" @pause="pause(true)" preload="none" @timejump.window="seekToSeconds($event.detail.timestamp); shareTimeFormatted = formatTime($event.detail.timestamp)" > Trailer Bonus 10 40 ? 30 : 10)" class="seek-seconds-button" > 40 ? 30 : 10"> Subscribe Share More Info Download More episodes Subscribe newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyFeedUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Copied to clipboard Apple Podcasts Spotify Pocket Casts Overcast Castro YouTube Goodpods Goodpods Metacast Amazon Music Pandora CastBox Anghami Anghami Fountain JioSaavn Gaana iHeartRadio TuneIn TuneIn Player FM SoundCloud SoundCloud Deezer Podcast Addict Share newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyShareUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Share Copied to clipboard newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyEmbedHtml()" class="form-input-group" > Embed Copied to clipboard Start at Trailer Bonus Full Transcript View the website updateDescriptionLinks($el))" class="episode-description" > Chapters March 12, 2021 by APIs You Won't Hate View the website Listen On Apple Podcasts Listen On Spotify Listen On YouTube RSS Feed Subscribe RSS Feed RSS Feed URL Copied! Follow Episode Details Matt and Phil are joined by API developer Hunter Skrasek, a friend of the pod, to talk about his experiences moving their APIs from a monolith to a microservices architecture and his team is utilizing API Gateways and Service Meshes Show Notes Matt and Phil are joined by API developer Hunter Skrasek, a friend of the pod, to talk about his experiences moving their APIs from a monolith to a microservices architecture and his team is utilizing API Gateways and Service Meshes Links: Hunter on Twitter API Gateway App Service Mesh Creators and Guests Host Mike Bifulco Cofounder and host of APIs You Won't Hate. Blogs at https://mikebifulco.com Into 🚴♀️, espresso ☕, looking after 🌍. ex @Stripe @Google @Microsoft What is APIs You Won't Hate? A no-nonsense (well, some-nonsense) podcast about API design & development, new features in the world of HTTP, service-orientated architecture, microservices, and probably bikes. All audio, artwork, episode descriptions and notes are property of APIs You Won't Hate, for APIs You Won't Hate, and published with permission by Transistor, Inc. Broadcast by | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://conf.11ty.dev/ | 11ty’s International Symposium on Making Web Sites Real Good Home 11ty.dev Watch on YouTube What/When --> Register --> Sponsors --> Schedule Speak --> Merch --> Accessibility Team --> Conduct International Symposium on Making Web Sites Real Good We’re running a conference… this is an 11ty Conference. What/When A brand new exclusively (and extremely) online (virtual) single-day single-track conference dedicated to Web Development and the Eleventy static site generator. May 9, 2024 at 3pm UTC View the full schedule below ! Watch on YouTube May 17 Update : All talk session videos are now available in a YouTube playlist . May 10 Update : Video of the full stream is available on YouTube . Individual talk videos will be available in the coming weeks! How do I sign up? May 10 Update : Registration is now closed. Thank you to the the 2005 folks that attended the 11ty Conference! Thanks to our wonderful sponsors , the conference is free ! If you’re attending and representing a company, donations are always appreciated . All participants (attendees, speakers, sponsors, staff, organizers, volunteers) will be required to abide by the code of conduct . Please read it thoroughly to ensure a welcoming event for all. Sponsors CloudCannon Artist Activist Want your logo here? Get in touch and we’ll send over our sponsorship prospectus. Speakers Paul Everitt Mayank Chris Ferdinandi ivan zhao Zach Leatherman Miriam Suzanne Henry Desroches Adrianna Tan Dan Sinker Sia Karamalegos Sara Joy Displayed in random order, these speakers were selected via our public call for proposals . Schedule Add the entire conference to your calendar: ics File Google Outlook Office 365 Yahoo Join us on May 9, 2024 at 3pm UTC ! Time Talk 15:00 UTC Kickoff! 15:15 UTC The Future of 11ty 15:45 UTC Hints & Suggestions (First, Do No Harm) 16:10 UTC 11ty and Large-Project Tooling 16:40 UTC Break 17:00 UTC Digital Frontiers, IndieWeb Cowboys, and A Place Online To Call Your Own 17:15 UTC You're Probably Doing Web Performance Wrong 17:40 UTC Building a Town That Doesn't Exist 17:55 UTC Break 18:15 UTC 11ty Sites for People Who Don't Think they are Web Developers 18:30 UTC Don't Fear the Cascade 18:55 UTC Managing content management (with no vendor lock-in): Git CMS and static API generation, together at last! 19:10 UTC Break 19:30 UTC Come to the light side: HTML Web Components 19:55 UTC Chinese Type Systems 20:10 UTC Light mode versus Dark mode 20:35 UTC Wrap up and final comments Accessibility For this online event, we’re doing our best to achieve an accessible event for all, extending to each and every part of the event: The event is free so that folks of all economic backgrounds can join and learn. The event has a robust and inclusive code of conduct that must be adhered to by all conference participants. The event web site and registration process must be accessible. The event is held online with worldwide remote access via live streaming. The event provides live captioning services (via White Coat Captioning ). If you notice something that doesn’t satisfy these goals, please contact the organizer team . Shirts & Stickers For increased sustainability and to reduce waste, our online event is free and the swag is an add-on available for purchase. April 29 Update : All orders have been shipped! April 8 Update : the store is now closed. The order has been sent to the printers and we’ll ship these out when they’re finished! For a very limited time (closing April 5, 2024), we have opened an 11ty Merch store for folks that are interested in buying a bundle ( shirt and stickers ) to support the conference and the open source project. The goal is to get these in your hands before the conference on May 9th! The Team David Large Mike Neumegen Olivia Nicholson Zach Leatherman You can email the entire team . © 2024 Built with Eleventy v3.0.0 , Source code Newsletter powered by Buttondown Footer image from Jake Heidecker Confetti cannons from Kiril Vatev | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://apisyouwonthate.com/blog/modern-api-deployment-options-in-the-cloud/ | Modern API Deployment Options in the Cloud Newsletter Articles Books Podcast Membership Sign in Subscribe Modern API Deployment Options in the Cloud Alexander Karan 04 May 2022 — 8 min read How do you deploy your API, and what's the best way to structure it? Front-end frameworks have come a long way in recent years, making it easy to spin up and deploy a website/web app. However, I find the noise caused by many strong opinions sometimes clouds the equal and fantastic progress made on letting developers quickly deploy an API. I'm going to cover a few ways you can build and deploy an API to get your MVP into the hands of your users as quickly as possible. I will approach these deployments from the mindset of building a REST API, as I find this is the most accessible format when thinking about structure and deployments. Don't build one from scratch Getting features, demos, and MVPs into users' hands is more important than the tech stack, language or processes you use. Users don't care how you built it; they care about the features and how well it works. Firebase has come on in leaps and bounds over the last few years and allows you to knock together a backend for your API quickly. Time and time again, I see people building out an API for simple CRUD operations. Don't make your life difficult. Why build and maintain a whole backend for simple operations? Firebase also allows for a more complex setup giving you the ability to write cloud functions which respond to changes, and run code based on data changes in the database made by your front-end. If you're looking for an open-source alternative to Firebase, Supabase is a great companion. Plus, they have a great tag line: Create a backend in less than 2 minutes. Another tool to deploy backends with hardly any code is AWS Amplify . You are given tools for authentication and data storage, serving web pages, and connecting to other AWS services. Amplify also comes with a nifty setup they call Studio, allowing you to manage app users and edit content. There are some great tools out there for putting together backends. Managing dev ops, servers, and other backend infrastructure can be a pain sometimes. Assess if there is a need to put together a full-fledge backend/API before starting. We don't all need to be Stripe 😉 Deploy on the Edge Edge computing has me excited; so many cool things are happening in this space. Deploying an API on edge is like writing serverless functions, with the main difference being you deploy to the edge network, and they tend to run on top of the V8 JavaScript runtime. I love this approach as you get to write endpoints as functions and forget about everything else. There are a few providers in this space. One of the most notable is Cloudflare Workers , and you can write in Rust, C, and C++, not just JavaScript. They have some great examples of starter projects to get you going, They also have an excellent course on building a serverless API with Cloudflare Workers on EggHead . I also love Deno Deploy , a one-click deploy service for Deno . It allows you to instantly deploy JavaScript on the edge every time you push code to Github. Forget servers, forget vendor lock-in and push JavaScript all the livelong day. This is an example of how simple it can be to deploy a Rest API. I have set up a single route using Oak (an HTTP framework for Deno) that returns an estimated carbon footprint for the provided electricity consumption. import { Application, Router } from "https://deno.land/x/oak/mod.ts"; const port = 3011; const router = new Router(); router.get("/electricity", (ctx) => { const factor = 0.759; const kwh = Number(ctx.request.url.searchParams.get("kwh")); if (kwh) { const carbon = kwh * factor; const inTonnes = carbon / 1000; ctx.response.body = JSON.stringify({ carbon: inTonnes, unit: "tCO2e", }); } else { ctx.response.status = 400; ctx.response.body = JSON.stringify({ error: { message: "kWh have not been supplied in the query", }, }); } }); const app = new Application(); app.use(router.routes()); app.use(router.allowedMethods()); app.addEventListener("listen", () => console.log(`Listening on http://localhost:${port}`) ); await app.listen({ port }); Full Deno Code Example To deploy with Deno Deploy, you need to sign up here and make sure you have committed your API to Github. Then connect Deno Deploy to your Github account once you sign up, select the correct repository, select the entry file and then you're all good to go. Any changes, push code to the main branch, and they go live. All PRs created in the repository will come with a deploy preview URL. You can check out my demo API in full here. Change the query to your electricity consumption in kWh to get your estimated footprint. The question of how to structure your projects is the next hurdle, and this is where breaking them down into microservices would be essential. For example, for this project, I could point to a subdomain, "calculator.alexanderkaran.com", and build out more functionality for working out the footprint for gas or water usage. Each function could be at a different subroute, i.e. "/gas" or "/water"; however, If I wanted to build functionality for testing appliance efficiency. I would create this as a whole new project and point a new subdomain at it, for example, "appliances.alexanderkaran.com". Another great part of Deno Deploy is keeping all the services in one repo is easy; you point each project to a specific folder only the code imported in that folder gets deployed. Deno and Deno Deploy make it easy to share code, create a shared folder in the mono-repo and import the code; that's it, no third party sharing system and no private npm modules. Serverless Functions Serverless functions share a lot with edge functions, but you usually code in Node rather than a V8 browser runtime. However, they can have a cold start, meaning the code does not run the second it's called, unlike edge functions which happen straight away. Many providers offer serverless functions, but we will focus on AWS Lambda as it is one of the most common. Lambda functions are used for many different solutions, but they need to be paired with an API Gateway when building an API. It turns out AWS have a service for that, too 😉. When creating Lambda functions in the AWS console, they offer options to connect an endpoint in a new or existing API Gateway , making setup a breeze. If you are used to building monoliths and everything in one place, this can seem confusing. However, it simply boils down to your API Gateway containing all your routes, and each Lambda function is the controller for the route. Before we dive deeper into how this works, let's look at how Lambda functions are structured. I have stolen one of the AWS HTTP templates for updating DynamoDB : const AWS = require('aws-sdk'); const dynamo = new AWS.DynamoDB.DocumentClient(); /** * Demonstrates a simple HTTP endpoint using API Gateway. You have full * access to the request and response payload, including headers and * status code. * * To scan a DynamoDB table, make a GET request with the TableName as a * query string parameter. To put, update, or delete an item, make a POST, * PUT, or DELETE request respectively, passing in the payload to the * DynamoDB API as a JSON body. */ exports.handler = async (event, context) => { //console.log('Received event:', JSON.stringify(event, null, 2)); let body; let statusCode = '200'; const headers = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', }; try { switch (event.httpMethod) { case 'DELETE': body = await dynamo.delete(JSON.parse(event.body)).promise(); break; case 'GET': body = await dynamo.scan({ TableName: event.queryStringParameters.TableName }).promise(); break; case 'POST': body = await dynamo.put(JSON.parse(event.body)).promise(); break; case 'PUT': body = await dynamo.update(JSON.parse(event.body)).promise(); break; default: throw new Error(`Unsupported method "${event.httpMethod}"`); } } catch (err) { statusCode = '400'; body = err.message; } finally { body = JSON.stringify(body); } return { statusCode, body, headers, }; }; AWS Lambda Snippet As you see here, the function responded to an event and accessed the HTTP method inside to see what type of request it was. Personally, the biggest hurdle I had when using serverless functions or edge computing was how there were no req, res and next functions like I was used to in ExpressJS. Thankfully, though, there are many ways to import frameworks you're used to into Lambda. You also do not have to code in Node; other languages such as Python and Java are on offer too. Setting up serverless functions with an API Gateway can be done super quickly using the AWS console, but a more extensive API with many endpoints would be time-consuming to set this up way. Enter tools like ClaudiaJS and Serverless . Claudia allows you to easily set up, deploy, and update code to AWS Lambda, making development and automating releases a breeze. If you want even more capabilities, check out Serverless. It makes deploying serverless functions to AWS easier, allowing you to access and deploy complete AWS services outside of Lambda. Serverless goes even further and has setups for Google Cloud Functions and Azure Functions. Setting up an API made of serverless functions can be tricky the first time, so remember API Gateway for your routes and serverless functions for your controllers. Serverless Containers Lastly, we come to serverless containers. I have used Docker containers myself for five years, and I love them. It's great to build something locally, and it runs the same on the server or any other computer that uses it. Need something to be running all the time? Can't afford to deal with cold starts on your API requests or be limited by serverless functions memory or timeout limits? Then containers are for you. Most people tend to reach for Kubernetes or spin up their servers, install Docker, and deploy their images onto the server. These options will tend to be overkill unless you are running extensive backend infrastructure, which, let's be honest, is not all of us. Though, if you are deploying across multiple cloud providers, Kubernetes might be for you. I like to focus on features and quality, not infrastructure, config and deployments. AWS services ECS and ECR are great for this. ECR is a repository for uploading your Docker containers, and ECS spins up each container. You connect them to API Gateway or an Application Load Balancer to expose your API to the outside world. To set up your ECS deployment, you create a task for the docker image, defining setups such as memory and ports. You then create a cluster in ECS and create a Service for each Task. Services are responsible for auto-scaling Tasks based on traffic or memory usage, spinning up new versions when replacing the docker image and exposing the image to the outside world. Setting up ECS does take a while the first time, but after the setup, you add in code pipelines from AWS to auto-deploy updated code when pushing to your Git repository. After setting up your Cluster, you connect it to the outside world in a few different ways. One approach is to connect it to an Application Load Balancer and set up rules in Load Balancer to connect different URL routes to each service. I usually have a few services running in a cluster. For example, my last Cluster contained the following services: Measure Service: My service for handling carbon calculations and tracking consumption and cost of utilities. It was connected to the load balancer, and any request that came through "myapi.com/measure" was sent here. Image Service: My service for handling image uploads and processing. It was connected to the load balancer, and any request that came through "myapi.com/image" was sent here. Notifications Service: The service for sending emails and push notifications but not connected to the Load Balancer. The other services can call it as they're all on the same VPC (Virtual Private Network), which means I did not need to write the same notification code in the Image or Measure Service. AWS has some overviews on setting up ECS and what you can connect it to. If you are looking for a more in-depth tutorial on deploying a Node app from scratch, you can check out this tutorial by Raphael . In Summary While each option here deserves its own blog post to cover its entire setup, benefits, and quirks, you at least have a good overview of what is available. I love the advancement of serverless and not having to think about servers at all. Serverless functions, and new kids on the block like Cloudflare Workers, means we are close to never having to think about servers or backend configs again. It's great to focus on code to fix problems, which gets tested, reviewed and deployed the second your PR gets approved in Github. If you have not tried serverless or edge functions, you should try them for your next API. Read more Design First, AI Never In the age of vibe-coding, how can we convince teams to invest in design before building APIs? Also in this newsletter: OpenAPI 3.3, Reddit's microservices architecture, an update to Speakeasy for OpenApi 3.2.0, and more! By Alexander Karan 15 Dec 2025 Zero-Downtime Migration from Laravel Vapor to Laravel Cloud Move your Laravel API from Vapor to Cloud in phases, without making a complete hash of it and wishing you never bothered. By Phil Sturgeon 08 Dec 2025 NestJS: Bad, or Really Bad? 😉 In this newsletter: the Resty library for APIs in Golang, a new Bruno release, an interview with Kin Lane, and API Schema Automation for devs By Alexander Karan 01 Dec 2025 Building a Sustainable Future in APIs with Kin Lane Kin Lane drops by to talk to Phil Sturgeon about his new startup, the changing landscape of API tech, why REST fundamentals are still important, and building sustainable API tools. By Mike Bifulco 01 Dec 2025 Sign up About Powered by Ghost Are you ready to build APIs You Won't Hate? 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https://dev.to/alexsergey/css-modules-vs-css-in-js-who-wins-3n25#pros-and-cons | CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Sergey Posted on Mar 11, 2021 CSS Modules vs CSS-in-JS. Who wins? # webdev # css # javascript # react Introduction In modern React application development, there are many approaches to organizing application styles. One of the popular ways of such an organization is the CSS-in-JS approach (in the article we will use styled-components as the most popular solution) and CSS Modules. In this article, we will try to answer the question: which is better CSS-in-JS or CSS Modules ? So let's get back to basics. When a web page was primarily set for storing textual documentation and didn't include user interactions, properties were introduced to style the content. Over time, the web became more and more popular, sites got bigger, and it became necessary to reuse styles. For these purposes, CSS was invented. Cascading Style Sheets. Cascading plays a very important role in this name. We write styles that lay like a waterfall over the hollows of our document, filling it with colors and highlighting important elements. Time passed, the web became more and more complex, and we are facing the fact that the styles cascade turned into a problem for us. Distributed teams, working on their parts of the system, combining them into reusable modules, assemble an application from pieces, like Dr. Frankenstein, stitching styles into one large canvas, can get the sudden result... Due to the cascade, the styles of module 1 can affect the display of module 3, and module 4 can make changes to the global styles and change the entire display of the application in general. Developers have started to think of solving this problem. Style naming conventions were created to avoid overlaps, such as Yandex's BEM or Atomic CSS. The idea is clear, we operate with names in order to get predictability, but at the same time to prevent repetitions. These approaches were crashed of the rocks of the human factor. Anyway, we have no guarantee that the developer from team A won't use the name from team C. The naming problem can only be solved by assigning a random name to the CSS class. Thus, we get a completely independent CSS set of styles that will be applied to a specific HTML block and we understand for sure that the rest of the system won't be affected in any way. And then 2 approaches came onto the stage to organize our CSS: CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS . Under the hood, having a different technical implementation, and in fact solving the problem of atomicity, reusability, and avoiding side effects when writing CSS. Technically, CSS Modules transforms style names using a hash-based on the filename, path, style name. Styled-components handles styles in JS runtime, adding them as they go to the head HTML section (<head>). Approaches overview Let's see which approach is more optimal for writing a modern web application! Let's imagine we have a basic React application: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import ' ./App.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = "title" > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode CSS styles of this application: .title { padding : 20px ; background-color : #222 ; text-align : center ; color : white ; font-size : 1.5em ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The dependencies are React 16.14 , react-dom 16.14 Let's try to build this application using webpack using all production optimizations. we've got uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 133 bytes The same code in CSS Modules will look like this: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' ./App.module.css ' ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < div className = { styles . title } > React application title </ div > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 129kb separated and minified CSS - 151 bytes The CSS Modules version will take up a couple of bytes more due to the impossibility of compressing the long generated CSS names. Finally, let's rewrite the same code under styled-components: import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; import styles from ' styled-components ' ; const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ` ; class App extends Component { render () { return ( < Title > React application title </ Title > ); } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode uglified JS - 163kb CSS file is missing The more than 30kb difference between CSS Modules and CSS-in-JS (styled-components) is due to styled-components adding extra code to add styles to the <head> part of the HTML document. In this synthetic test, the CSS Modules approach wins, since the build system doesn't add something extra to implement it, except for the changed class name. Styled-components due to technical implementation, adds dependency as well as code for runtime handling and styling of <head>. Now let's take a quick look at the pros and cons of CSS-in-JS / CSS Modules. Pros and cons CSS-in-JS cons The browser won't start interpreting the styles until styled-components has parsed them and added them to the DOM, which slows down rendering. The absence of CSS files means that you cannot cache separate CSS. One of the key downsides is that most libraries don't support this approach and we still can't get rid of CSS. All native JS and jQuery plugins are written without using this approach. Not all React solutions use it. Styles integration problems. When a markup developer prepares a layout for a JS developer, we may forget to transfer something; there will also be difficulty in synchronizing a new version of layout and JS code. We can't use CSS utilities: SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, etc. pros Styles can use JS logic. This reminds me of Expression in IE6, when we could wrap some logic in our styles (Hello, CSS Expressions :) ). const Title = styles . h1 ` padding: 20px; background-color: #222; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 1.5em; ${ props => props . secondary && css ` background-color: #fff; color: #000; padding: 10px; font-size: 1em; ` } ` ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When developing small modules, it simplifies the connection to the project, since you only need to connect the one independent JS file. It is semantically nicer to use <Title> in a React component than <h1 className={style.title}>. CSS Modules cons To describe global styles, you must use a syntax that does not belong to the CSS specification. :global ( .myclass ) { text-decoration : underline ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Integrating into a project, you need to include styles. Working with typescript, you need to automatically or manually generate interfaces. For these purposes, I use webpack loader: @teamsupercell/typings-for-css-modules-loader pros We work with regular CSS, it makes it possible to use SCSS, Less, Postcss, stylelint, and more. Also, you don't waste time on adapting the CSS to JS. No integration of styles into the code, clean code as result. Almost 100% standardized except for global styles. Conclusion So the fundamental problem with the CSS-in-JS approach is that it's not CSS! This kind of code is harder to maintain if you have a defined person in your team working on markup. Such code will be slower, due to the fact that the CSS rendered into the file is processed in parallel, and the CSS-in-JS cannot be rendered into a separate CSS file. And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on. On the other hand, the CSS-in-JS approach can be a good solution for the Frontend team who deals with both markup and JS, and develops all components from scratch. Also, CSS-in-JS will be useful for modules that integrate into other applications. In my personal opinion, the issue of CSS cascading is overrated. If we are developing a small application or site, with one team, then we are unlikely to encounter a name collision or the difficulty of reusing components. If you faced with this problem, I recommend considering CSS Modules, as, in my opinion, this is a more optimal solution for the above factors. In any case, whatever you choose, write meaningful code and don't get fooled by the hype. Hype will pass, and we all have to live with it. Have great and interesting projects, dear readers! Top comments (30) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand dastasoft dastasoft dastasoft Follow Senior Software Engineer Work Senior Software Engineer Joined Feb 17, 2020 • Mar 12 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide One pro of CSS, the hot reload is instant when you just change CSS, with CSS in JS the project is recompiled. For CSS-in-JS I find easier to reuse that code in a React Native project. My personal conclusion is that we are constantly trying to avoid CSS but at the end of the day, CSS will stay here forever. Great article btw! Like comment: Like comment: 25 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand GreggHume GreggHume GreggHume Follow A developer who works with and on some of the worlds leading brands. My company is called Cold Brew Studios, see you out there :) Joined Mar 10, 2021 • Mar 9 '22 • Edited on Mar 9 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I ran into issues with css modules that styled components seemed to solve. But i ran into issues with styled components that I wouldn't have had with plain scss. So some things to think about: Styled components is a lot more overhead because all the styled components need to be complied into stylesheets and mounted to the head by javascript which is a blocking language. On SSR styled components get compiled into a ServerStyleSheet that then hydrate the react dom tree in the browser via the context api. So even then the mounting of styles only happens in the browser but the parsing of styles happens on the server - that is still a performance penalty and will slow down the page load. In some cases I had no issues with styled components but as my site grew and in complex cases I couldn't help but feel like it was slower, or didn't load as smoothly... and in a world where every second matters, this was a problem for me. Here is an article doing benchmarks on CSS vs CSS in JS: pustelto.com/blog/css-vs-css-in-js... I use nextjs, it is a pity they do not support component level css and we are forced to use css modules or styled components... where as with Nuxt component level scss is part of the package and you have the option on how you want the sites css to bundled - all in one file, split into their own files and some other nifty options. I hope nextjs sharped up on this. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Jun 22 '22 • Edited on Jun 22 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A big tip that might help. Why not use SCSS and unique classNames: For example create a unique container className (name of the component) and nest all the other classNames under that unique container className. .home-page-guest { .nav {} .main {} .footer {} } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode < div className = " home-page-guest " > < div className = " nav " /> < div className = " main " /> < div className = " footer " /> < /div > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I bet you did Greg Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Hank Queston Hank Queston Hank Queston Follow Work CTO at Bonfire Joined May 25, 2021 • May 25 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I agreed, CSS Modules make a lot more sense to me over Styled Components, always have! Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Comment deleted Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide @Petar Kokev If something I learned from this years of working with React and other projects is that the correct library for project isn't the correct library for another. So the mos important think that we need to do is select the tools, libraries and technologies that fit better to the current project. In this case you can't use Styled-components on sites that require a good SEO, becouse the mos important think here is the SEO and you cant sacrify it. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand thedev1232 thedev1232 thedev1232 Follow tech enthusiast - code to the nuts Location sanjose Work Senior dev Manager at self Joined Oct 26, 2020 • Mar 31 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about having to deal with libraries like Material UI with next js? I have an issue to decide whether to use just makeStyles function or should we use styled components? My main concern is code longevity and maintenance without any issues Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide My big issues with styled components is they are deeply coupled with your code. I've opted to use emotion's css utility exclusively and instructed my team to avoid using any of the styled component features. We've loved it but this was a few years ago. For newer projects I'm going with the css modules design. Also why does anyone care about sass anymore? With css variables and the css nesting module in the specification, you get the best parts of sass with vanilla css. The other features are just overkill for a css-module that should represent a single react component and thus nothing :global . Complicated sass directives and stuff are just overkill. Turn it into a react component and don't make any crazy css systems. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Nwanguma Victor Follow 🕊 Location Lagos, Nigeria Work Software Developer Joined Feb 18, 2021 • Mar 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Same I was trying to revamp my personal site, I discovered that I would have to rewrite alot of things, and then I later gave up. I would advice css modules are the way to go, and it greatly helps with SEO. And in teams using SC, naming becomes an issue because some people don't know how to name components and you have to scroll around, just to check if a component is a h1 tag 🤮 CACHEing I can't stress this enough, for enterprise in-house apps it doesn't really matter, but for everyday consumer-essentric apps CACHEing should not be overlooked Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Matty Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Will Farley Will Farley Will Farley Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Jan 24 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can still have a top-level css file that isn't a css module for global stuff Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Petar Kolev Follow Senior Software Engineer with React && TypeScript Location Bulgaria Work Senior Software Engineer @ alkem.io Joined Nov 27, 2019 • Sep 10 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide It is not true that with styled-components one can't use scss syntax, etc. styled-components supports it. Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eduard Eduard Eduard Follow Taxation is robbery Joined Oct 25, 2019 • Mar 28 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide How about css-in-js frameworks like material-ua, chakra-ui and others? In my opinion, they dramatically speed up development. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Alien Padilla Rodriguez Follow Joined Jan 24, 2022 • Apr 23 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In my personal opinion I see Styled Components more for a Single Page Aplications where the SEO isn't important and is unecessary to cache css files. In the case of static web site or a site that must have a good SEO the Module-Css is better. @greggcbs My recomendation is to use code splitting if you have problem with the performans when you use Styled-Components in your project, in order to avoid brign all code in the first load of the site. Good article @sergey Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Cindy Vos Follow Tuff shed and light and strong enough Joined Sep 11, 2025 • Sep 15 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hi Jess Rodriguez celly Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gass Gass Gass Follow hi there 👋 Email g.szada@gmail.com Location Budapest, Hungary Education engineering Work software developer @ itemis Joined Dec 25, 2021 • Apr 25 '22 • Edited on Apr 25 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good post. I've been using CSS modules for a short time now and I like it. Allows everything to be nicely compartmentalized. I also like that it gives more freedom to name classes in smaller chunks of CSS code. Instead of using it like so: {styles.my_class} I preffer {s.my_class} makes the code looks nicer and more concise. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Mario Iliev Follow Joined Jun 14, 2023 • Jun 14 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm sorry but it seems that you don't have much experience with Styled Components. "And the last fundamental flaw is the inability to use ready-made approaches and utilities, such as SCSS, Less and Stylelint, and so on." Not a single thing here is true. SCSS is the original syntax of the package, you can use Stylelint as well. There are a lot more "pros" which are not listed here. By working with JS you are opened to another world. I'll list some more "pros" from the top of my head: consume and validate your theme colors as pure JS object consume state/props and create dynamic CSS out of it you have plugins which can be a live savers in cases like RTL (right to left orientation). Whoever had to support an app/website with RTL will be magically saved by this plugin. You can create custom plugins to fix various problems, or make your own linting in your team project. you don't think about CSS class names and collision. I prefer to be focused on thinking about variable names in my JS only and not spending effort in the CSS as well when you break your visual habits you will realise that's it's easier to have your CSS in your JS file just the way you got used to have your HTML in your JS file (React) In these days CSS has become a monster. You have inheritance, mixins, variables, IF statements, loops etc. Sure they can be useful somewhere but I'm pretty sure that most of you just need to center that div. So in my personal opinion we should strive to keep CSS as simpler as possible (as with everything actually) and I think that Styled Components are kind of pushing you to do exactly that. Don't re-use CSS, re-use components! The only global things you should have are probably just the color theme and animations. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Annie-Huang Follow Joined Mar 14, 2021 • Feb 16 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Couldn't agree more on the last two bullet points~~ Like comment: Like comment: Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand DrBeehre DrBeehre DrBeehre Follow Location New Zealand Work Software Engineer at Self-Employed Joined Nov 10, 2020 • Mar 14 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is awesome! I'm quite new to Web dev in particular and when starting a new project, I've often wondered which approach is better as I could see pros and cons to both, but I never found the time to dig in. Thanks for pulling all this together into a concise blog post! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (30 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Sergey Follow Joined Nov 18, 2020 More from Sergey Mastering the Dependency Inversion Principle: Best Practices for Clean Code with DI # webdev # javascript # typescript # programming Rockpack 2.0 Official Release # react # javascript # webdev # showdev Project Structure. Repository and folders. 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https://docs.github.com/en/github-cli | GitHub CLI documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar GitHub CLI Home GitHub CLI GitHub CLI About GitHub CLI Quickstart Accounts across platforms Creating GitHub CLI extensions Using GitHub CLI extensions GitHub CLI reference GitHub CLI documentation GitHub CLI is an open source tool for using GitHub from your computer's command line. When you're working from the command line, you can use the GitHub CLI to save time and avoid switching context. Overview Quickstart Reference Start here Creating GitHub CLI extensions Learn how to share new GitHub CLI commands with other users by creating custom extensions for GitHub CLI. Using GitHub CLI extensions Learn how to use custom extensions written by other GitHub CLI users. Using GitHub CLI in workflows You can script with GitHub CLI in GitHub Actions workflows. Using GitHub Codespaces with GitHub CLI You can work with GitHub Codespaces directly from your command line by using gh, the GitHub command line interface. Popular CLI tasks Creating a pull request Create a pull request to propose and collaborate on changes to a repository. These changes are proposed in a branch, which ensures that the default branch only contains finished and approved work. Creating an issue Issues can be created in a variety of ways, so you can choose the most convenient method for your workflow. Adding a new SSH key to your GitHub account To configure your account on GitHub.com to use your new (or existing) SSH key, you'll also need to add the key to your account. Quickstart for repositories Learn how to create a new repository and commit your first change in 5 minutes. What's new View all GitHub CLI renews GPG signing key for Linux packages September 11 All GitHub CLI docs GitHub CLI About GitHub CLI GitHub CLI quickstart Using the GitHub CLI across GitHub platforms Creating GitHub CLI extensions Using GitHub CLI extensions GitHub CLI reference Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://dev.to/favour_okhioya_9b7d7bd62f/how-to-turn-my-idea-to-reality-k4f | How to turn my idea to reality - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Favour Okhioya Posted on Jun 16, 2025 How to turn my idea to reality # webdev # ai Currently working on this but in need of an app builder or a web developer I don't have funds but I have an idea that can tick the clock Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Favour Okhioya Follow I just that person with ideas Location Lagos Nigeria Joined Jun 16, 2025 More from Favour Okhioya Hi new here actually I am currently working on an app want to get an insight kindly DM # webdev # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://ruul.io/blog/freelance-invoice-templates | Freelance Invoice Templates by Profession (for Designers, Writers, Developers, Tutors & Consultants) Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up get paid Freelance Invoice Templates by Profession As a battle against generic invoices, I explained the invoices that cause the least problems in a way no one has ever told you before. Esen Bulut 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points No time? Here’s your turbo recap: Generic invoices? Big nope. Each profession has its quirks. A designer’s invoice isn’t the same as a developer’s! Tailor your columns and details so your clients see your professionalism, not a copy-paste job. Proforma ≠ official invoice. Use a proforma to show project details (revisions, rights, deadlines) before billing. Then, make it official. Custom touches for clarity + fewer disputes. Designers should note usage rights and file types Writers list word counts and transfer rights Developers break down modules Tutors clarify cancellation rules Some freelancers think it's enough to use a generic invoice template they found online and send it out. I'm not from that club. 😄 Worse still, some of them look really outdated. Now I'll give you freelance invoice templates prepared specifically for your profession. If you're ready, let's go! The distinction between official and proforma invoices Before we start, I should note that as freelancers, you can categorize invoices into two types: Proforma invoice A proforma invoice is a preliminary bill of sale sent to buyers before delivering your freelance services. It tells your client exactly what you will bill them, but it isn't a demand for payment yet. You can use this when a client’s finance department needs a document to approve a budget or release a deposit before you start working. It is ideal for requesting retainers without triggering a tax event. It looks professional and secures commitment. Crucially, because it is not a legal invoice, you do not need to pay VAT/tax on it immediately. It stays out of your official accounting archives. Here’s what it means: — “We’ve agreed on everything, but please review the details on the invoice to avoid any misunderstandings.” That’s why a proforma invoice can include: project description, number of deliverables, revision rights, or any other details you’d like to highlight While these details are not legally binding, they are important for giving your client a clear preview. Official invoice The official invoice (or final invoice) is the real deal. You send this when the work is done, a milestone is met, or the deposit has officially landed in your bank account. It’s time for an official invoice when you have legally earned the money and ownership of the work (or product) is transferring to the client. Then, to make it official: Use real invoicing solutions such as a Merchant of Record or an invoicing tool , and Prepare a freelance contract to define and validate the terms and rights. If you want to learn how to issue an official invoice, you can check out our detailed guide 👉🏻 How to invoice as a freelancer? You can already do this with Ruul 🤝🏻 Sell freelance services, digital products, and monthly freelance services with automatic invoicing in 190 countries and 140+ currencies. Take a look. Please note that: Official invoice is a legally binding request for payment. Once you issue this, the transaction enters your books. Depending on your accounting method (accrual vs. cash), issuing this may mean you owe tax on that amount, even if the client hasn't paid you yet. 1) Invoice template for designers Design work is project-based primarily, multi-stage, and based on visual deliverables. We hear that freelance designers, in particular, face more revision issues in the industry and are treated unfairly. Therefore, include the service/product content, revision rights, and all information in the agreement in your proforma invoice. My recommendation is to transfer this to a contract template, sign it, and have the client sign it as well. Who: Graphic Designers, Web Designers, UI/UX Designers, Illustrators, Brand Designers, and others. 👉🏻 Download Freelance Web Design Invoice Template What can you add to the template? Project / Deliverable column: Specify the net delivery names. Revision details: Clearly state how many rounds of revisions are included. Usage rights: Specify commercial use and digital rights. File format: Specify file types (PDF, AI, SVG, etc.) in a separate column. License / Transfer date : If there is a copyright transfer, add the date. 2) Invoice template for writers For writing jobs, billing is done per word, per project, or monthly. Pricing based on word count is standard. You should specify these on your invoice and also clarify the transfer of rights and revision processes for the delivered content. Who: Copywriters, Content Writers, Technical Writers, Ghostwriters, Editors/Proofreaders and others. 👉🏻 Download Freelance Writer Invoice Template What can you add to the template? Content title: Specify each piece of content or article on a separate line. Word count/rate per word: Add a column for word-based or page-based fees. Rights transfer: Are content copyrights transferred to the client? Clarify this. Revision policy: How many revisions are allowed? Delivery date: Specify content delivery dates or ranges. 3) Invoice template for developer Developer invoices depend on the technical scope and project phases. Multiple modules, testing, maintenance, or support periods may be involved. Because there are many subtle nuances, providing the customer with every detail prevents disputes in advance. Who: Web Developers, App Developers, Software Developers, WordPress Developers, Data Analysts/Data Engineers, and others. 👉🏻 Download Freelance Web Developer Invoice Template What can you add to the template? Module/Feature breakdown: List each module on a separate line. Hours worked/hourly rate: Add a column for hourly work. Testing & deployment: Include QA, bug fixing, and versioning if applicable. Maintenance fee: Don't skip maintenance services for subsequent months. Payment milestone: Receive payment per milestone (optional). 4) Invoice template for tutors & consultants Educators & consultants work on an hourly and session basis. If you’re in this business, you can also sell lesson packages and additional educational materials as digital products. Private lesson cancellation policies are fundamental, given your struggles with this issue. Therefore, it must be included on the invoice. For example, no refunds for cancellations less than 12 hours in advance. Who: Online Tutors, Language Instructors, Music Teachers, Academic Coaches, Corporate Trainers, IT Consultants, Business Strategists 👉🏻 Download Freelance Consultant Invoice Template What can you add to the template? Session date/duration: Enter the date and duration of each lesson. Rate per hour/session: Add a column for hourly or per-session rates. Course or subject: Enter the lesson subject. (e.g., IELTS prep, guitar level 2). Cancellation policy: Specify the refund policy for canceled sessions. Package balance: Add the number of remaining lessons. 5) Invoice templates for marketers Marketing services include both measurable outputs (such as campaign management and ad budget) and intangible outputs (such as brand positioning and content calendar). Therefore, invoices are often more layered, and items like “performance-based bonuses” can also be included. Who: Social media marketers, email marketers, content marketers, and all other digital marketers. 👉🏻 Download Freelance Marketing Invoice Template What can you add to the template? Campaign / Project name: Clearly specify each campaign or project. Service breakdown: List sub-items as separate lines. Ad spend vs. service fee: Separate the advertising budget from the service fee. Reporting period: Include the invoice's date range. Performance bonus/commission: Don’t skip performance-based bonuses. Channel: Distinguish between channels, such as Facebook or Google Ads. Retainer note (if ongoing): If it’s a monthly collaboration, make sure to mention it. To sum up The design of the templates is important, of course, but the content is also quite important. Functionality > Aesthetics. You can customize the templates I provide according to your own needs. Or, if you have another template, you can add the information I suggest to it. Do you need to issue real invoices rather than just a template? Then join thousands of freelancers on Ruul to issue globally compliant, frictionless, and official invoices! FAQs 1) How to generate an invoice as a freelancer? You can create a proforma invoice (as a preview) for the customer to review the job details, delivery, and revision rights. Then, for a legally valid invoice, you need to use platforms such as invoicing tools and a Merchant of Record. 2) Can ChatGPT generate an invoice? ChatGPT can assist by preparing text content such as service descriptions, terms and conditions, and invoice structures. However, it cannot generate legally valid official invoices (it was not created for this purpose) or integrate with local tax/accounting systems. 3) How to make professional invoices? Professionalism comes from tailoring the invoice to your profession. Move beyond generic templates to include job-specific details such as revision rights for designers, word counts for writers, module breakdowns, and maintenance fees for developers. 4) What should I write in a professional headline for a freelancer? The professional headline should clearly describe the service or product being billed. Use specific titles like 'Content Title' for writers, 'Module Breakdown' for developers, or 'Project/Deliverable' for designers, ensuring the client understands the cost. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Esen Bulut Esen Bulut is the co-founder of Ruul. After graduating Boston College with finance and economics degrees, she began her career as a Finance Executive. Prior to Ruul, she held managerial positions in finance and marketing. Esen's entrepreneurship success earned her recognition in Fortune's 40 under 40 list in 2022. More Which Payment Gateway is Best for Freelancers in Spain? Freelancing in Spain? Learn which payment gateways will help you manage payments effortlessly. Click to explore the top choices! Read more Pick up your ears for 4 lovely playlists by Ruul Ruul offers four diverse playlists on Spotify, each with 50 tracks, curated for different needs: "Start Now" for focus, "Take a Break" for relaxation, "Mood Booster" for positivity, and "Untangle" for meditation. Read more Uses of AI for freelance and modern work Discover how artificial intelligence can boost the productivity of freelancers in different fields, from writing to graphic design and more. Read our insights at Ruul Blog. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. 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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62zkRAYGixk | Standalone Components in Angular 15 | Make application without NgModule - YouTube 정보 보도자료 저작권 문의하기 크리에이터 광고 개발자 약관 개인정보처리방침 정책 및 안전 YouTube 작동의 원리 새로운 기능 테스트하기 © 2026 Google LLC, Sundar Pichai, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View CA 94043, USA, 0807-882-594 (무료), yt-support-solutions-kr@google.com, 호스팅: Google LLC, 사업자정보 , 불법촬영물 신고 크리에이터들이 유튜브 상에 게시, 태그 또는 추천한 상품들은 판매자들의 약관에 따라 판매됩니다. 유튜브는 이러한 제품들을 판매하지 않으며, 그에 대한 책임을 지지 않습니다. var ytInitialData = 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Existing applications can optionally and incrementally adopt the new standalone style without any breaking changes.\n#angular #standalone\n\nGitHub: https://github.com/funOfheuristic/sta...\n\nSome more playlists: \nCreate PWAs: https://bit.ly/359BXpK\nNgRx: https://bit.ly/2Qu0Ucu\nPerformance optimization: https://bit.ly/3fFa1Q8\nRxJs: https://bit.ly/3hytr8o\nAngular Tutorial: http://bit.ly/2Tnwk1t\nDashboard with chart.js: http://bit.ly/3c9Jd85\nApplication Development: http://bit.ly/398w7Gf\nUpload File to server: http://bit.ly/3ccsjWd\nData Structure and algo: http://bit.ly/3c8b7Bh\n\nDiscord: / discord \nSlack: http://bit.ly/2RXPcEK\n\n00:00 Intro\n00:59 Create a standalone component\n02:10 Use a standalone component inside NgModule\n03:05 Use a standalone component inside a standalone component\n04:27 Bootstrap standalone component\n06:01 Uses of a standalone component\n\nYou can support me on Patreon: / funofheuristic \n\nEquipment used for Video (India links):\nHeadphone (ATH M50X): https://amzn.to/3xDcSQK\nMicrophone (AKG D5): https://amzn.to/3b1gi5R\nAudio Interface (EVO 4): https://amzn.to/327tnGJ\nCamera(Canon 200D): https://amzn.to/3ja1Pr9\n\nThanks for 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https://linkedin.com/company/ruul | Ruul | LinkedIn Skip to main content LinkedIn Top Content People Learning Jobs Games Sign in Join for free Ruul Software Development Sell anything, get paid anywhere. Great for freelancers, creators & indie sellers. Follow View all 38 employees Report this company About us Ruul, previously known as Rimuut, emerged in 2017, born out of a vision to redefine flexible work with efficiency, compatibility, and universality at its core. Ruul began as a solution in invoicing and payment collection, aiding 20,000 organizations and 75,000 freelancers globally. Its growth has been propelled by recent shifts in the work landscape. Rebranded as Ruul in late 2022, the name embodies "ruling"—a nod to the emerging flexible work culture valuing autonomy, where professionals govern their work arrangements aligned with their values and interests. Ruul is here to lead the change in work dynamics for people to be able, motivated, and entitled to self-govern their careers and lives autonomously. Website https://ruul.io External link for Ruul Industry Software Development Company size 11-50 employees Headquarters Malmö Type Privately Held Founded 2017 Specialties Compliance, Global hiring, Remote work, Workforce management, Worktech, Finance, Freelance, Invoicing, Payment Collection, and Freelance Tax Locations Primary Hjälmaregatan 3 Malmö, 21118, SE Get directions 2093 Philadelphia Pike #6889 Claymont, Delaware 19703, US Get directions MASLAK MAH. AOS 55. SK. 42 A BLOK 2-25 Istanbul, Istanbul 34475, TR Get directions Narva mnt 5 Tallinn, 10117, EE Get directions Employees at Ruul Umut Güncan Aysu Karayazgan Mert Bulut Aypar Yilmazkaya See all employees Updates Ruul 7,110 followers 1mo Edited Report this post Stablecoins aren’t a future concept for independent professionals, they’re infrastructure. At Ruul, we work with 120k freelancers, and nearly one-third of our payments now settle in stablecoins, proving that speed, cost efficiency, and programmability aren’t theoretical benefits. In this article, Eran Karaso , Chief Operating Officer at Ruul, breaks down what freelancers have already proven, and what GBTD needs to get right to succeed. Read more 👉 https://lnkd.in/dW58_P45 Freelancers mapped stablecoin demand. GBTD can deliver the infrastructure. globalbankingandfinance.com Like Comment Share Ruul 7,110 followers 1mo Report this post We’re proud to be featured in a new article by Emmanuel Nwosu , highlighting how Ruul and MiniPay are working together to remove payment barriers for freelancers in emerging markets. Through our partnership, independents can invoice clients in familiar currencies and receive payouts in dollar-denominated stablecoins, instantly, and with the option to cash out to mobile money, all without needing a foreign bank account. Ruul operates in 190+ markets, and MiniPay’s reach across 60+ countries makes this integration a powerful, compliant bridge between traditional rails and on-chain spending power, especially in regions where legacy remittance channels are slow, costly, or unreliable. Full TechCabal article: https://lnkd.in/dtDFid7x 12 1 Comment Like Comment Share Ruul reposted this MiniPay 148 followers 1mo Report this post We’re excited to announce that MiniPay is partnering with Ruul , enabling instant payouts powered by stablecoins, no receiving fees and the ability to withdraw to the preferred local payment method at zero fees for global freelancers. This collaboration creates an industry-first payment solution that enables freelancers to sell digital services in traditional fiat currency whilst receiving payouts seamlessly converted into stablecoins, combining Ruul's global reach across 190+ countries with MiniPay's established presence in 60+ markets. With Ruul now directly connected to the MiniPay wallet, global freelancers will receive $25 extra when receiving their first payout over $100 through MiniPay. Users can link their Minipay wallets to Ruul with a single click, immediately enabling stablecoin payouts for their digital services and products. Learn more: https://lnkd.in/eupqsuWc 8 Like Comment Share Ruul reposted this Opera 60,862 followers 1mo Report this post We’re excited to announce that MiniPay is partnering with Ruul , enabling instant payouts powered by stablecoins, no receiving fees and the ability to withdraw to the preferred local payment method at zero fees for global freelancers. This collaboration creates an industry-first payment solution that enables freelancers to sell digital services in traditional fiat currency whilst receiving payouts seamlessly converted into stablecoins, combining Ruul's global reach across 190+ countries with MiniPay's established presence in 60+ markets. With Ruul now directly connected to the MiniPay wallet, global freelancers will receive $25 extra when receiving their first payout over $100 through MiniPay. Users can link their Minipay wallets to Ruul with a single click, immediately enabling stablecoin payouts for their digital services and products. Get started here: https://minipay.to 54 3 Comments Like Comment Share Ruul 7,110 followers 1mo Report this post Independents deserve systems that keep up with how they work. Through our partnership with MiniPay, you can now receive your earnings quickly, reliably, and with added rewards. Sell your services. Get paid better. #Ruul #Partnership #FutureOfWork #Independents 8 Like Comment Share Ruul 7,110 followers 1mo Report this post Subscription-based services create predictable, long-term income, and they’re easier to set up than most people think. A simple structure works best: • 3 pricing tiers • clear monthly value • easy onboarding Ruul Space turns this into a smooth experience for both sides. Set up your service, offer monthly access, and let the system handle the admin. Steady revenue, loyal clients, zero hassle. More to read on: https://lnkd.in/dbztcmDD #subscriptions #creatoreconomy #freelancebusiness #ruul 5 Like Comment Share Ruul 7,110 followers 1mo Report this post Late payments aren’t caused by poor-quality work, they’re caused by weak payment systems. In his newest article for Business Age, Ruul's COO Eran Karaso , edited by Charles Orton-Jones , breaks down the three structural mistakes that consistently hold independents and small businesses back.: One key insight stands out: “The business owners who get paid reliably didn’t find better clients. They built better systems.” Clear contracts, direct payment infrastructure, and automated follow-ups aren’t optional anymore, they’re the foundation of sustainable independent work. For full article: https://lnkd.in/dV2cDUt7 #IndependentWork #Payments #BusinessAge #Ruul #FutureOfWork 14 1 Comment Like Comment Share Ruul 7,110 followers 1mo Report this post Independents don’t need more platforms. They need clarity, a simple way to showcase what they do and get paid from anywhere. That’s why we built Ruul Space: • Your personal storefront • One link for everything you offer • Upload, share, sell globally • Professional, fast, and built for independents You already have the skills. Now you have the store, too. 8 Like Comment Share Ruul 7,110 followers 2mo Report this post Talent isn’t enough anymore. You can have all the skills, but if clients can’t understand what you offer in seconds, you’ll lose them to someone who can. Freelancing has changed: → Tasks don’t sell. Outcomes do. → Hourly is outdated. Value wins. → Your service deserves a storefront. That’s why we built Ruul Space, a place where independents can package their services, show their value, and get paid fast, no admin, no invoices, no waiting. Because independence should feel simple. Your work. Your terms. Your pay button. Feel free to read more here on our blog to learn "How to sell freelance services" https://lnkd.in/dJ4UQbVz #Freelancing #Independents #Ruul #DigitalWork #FutureOfWork 8 Like Comment Share Ruul 7,110 followers 2mo Report this post Chasing payments is not part of your job as a creator. You deliver. We ensure the payout arrives; fast, global, and transparent. Invoicing, taxes, and compliance are handled. If you’re an independent who wants fewer reminders and more results: get paid without the chase. 4 Like Comment Share Join now to see what you are missing Find people you know at Ruul Browse recommended jobs for you View all updates, news, and articles Join now Similar pages HubX Software Development Phellos Financial Consultancy Financial Services London, England Jobtogo Human Resources Services Cenoa Software Development Papara Financial Services Insider One Software Development Hype Advertising Services Istanbul, Şişli Adel Kalemcilik Manufacturing ikas Software Development Trendyol Group Technology, Information and Internet İstanbul, Maslak Show more similar pages Show fewer similar pages Browse jobs Intern jobs 71,196 open jobs Maintenance Manager jobs 170,392 open jobs Manager jobs 1,880,925 open jobs Supervisor jobs 1,264,191 open jobs Senior Operations Manager jobs 54,792 open jobs Business Application Manager jobs 5,803 open jobs Operational Specialist jobs 58,644 open jobs Quantitative Analyst jobs 19,570 open jobs Accounts Receivable Specialist jobs 47,459 open jobs Control Specialist jobs 14,771 open jobs Partner jobs 644,825 open jobs Graduate jobs 361,130 open jobs Product Manager jobs 199,941 open jobs Project Manager jobs 253,048 open jobs Account Manager jobs 121,519 open jobs Analyst jobs 694,057 open jobs Marketing Specialist jobs 49,178 open jobs Digital Marketing Specialist jobs 33,650 open jobs Business Analyst jobs 95,218 open jobs Head jobs 1,018,536 open jobs Show more jobs like this Show fewer jobs like this More searches More searches Marketing Specialist jobs Head of Design jobs User Experience Researcher jobs Developer jobs Test Manager jobs Quality Assurance Manager jobs Specialist jobs Finance Specialist jobs Digital Marketing Specialist jobs Product Manager jobs Environmental Engineer jobs Environmental Specialist jobs Android Developer jobs Mental Health Specialist jobs Operations Manager jobs Operational Specialist jobs Chief Executive Officer jobs Manager jobs Business Development Manager jobs Marketing Director jobs Engineer jobs Full Stack Engineer jobs Speaker jobs Analyst jobs User Experience Manager jobs Head of Recruitment jobs Internal Recruiter jobs Technical Producer jobs Account Manager jobs Recruitment Specialist jobs Intern jobs Head of Product jobs Market Research Analyst jobs Vice President Marketing jobs Senior Product Manager jobs Head of Sales jobs Head of Marketing jobs Key Account Manager jobs Partner jobs Senior Test Engineer jobs User Experience Designer jobs Head jobs Coordinator jobs Chief Marketing Officer jobs Quality Assurance Engineer jobs Search Consultant jobs Data Warehouse Engineer jobs User Interface Designer jobs Senior Executive jobs Data Engineer jobs Consultant jobs Network Planner jobs Flight Specialist jobs Integration Specialist jobs Customer Relationship Management Specialist jobs System Engineer jobs Graduate jobs Business Development Specialist jobs Human Resources Specialist jobs Marketing Manager jobs LinkedIn © 2026 About Accessibility User Agreement Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Copyright Policy Brand Policy Guest Controls Community Guidelines العربية (Arabic) বাংলা (Bangla) Čeština (Czech) Dansk (Danish) Deutsch (German) Ελληνικά (Greek) English (English) Español (Spanish) فارسی (Persian) Suomi (Finnish) Français (French) हिंदी (Hindi) Magyar (Hungarian) Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) Italiano (Italian) עברית (Hebrew) 日本語 (Japanese) 한국어 (Korean) मराठी (Marathi) Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) Nederlands (Dutch) Norsk (Norwegian) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) Polski (Polish) Português (Portuguese) Română (Romanian) Русский (Russian) Svenska (Swedish) తెలుగు (Telugu) ภาษาไทย (Thai) Tagalog (Tagalog) Türkçe (Turkish) Українська (Ukrainian) Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) 简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified)) 正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional)) Language Agree & Join LinkedIn By clicking Continue to join or sign in, you agree to LinkedIn’s User Agreement , Privacy Policy , and Cookie Policy . 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https://ruul.io/blog/best-tools-and-platforms-for-freelancers#$%7Bid%7D | Best apps for freelancers: A comprehensive guide - Ruul Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up work Best apps for freelancers: A comprehensive guide The world of freelancing is evolving rapidly, so you have to keep up with new improvements. We have curated the best apps for freelancers. Arno Yeramyan 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points It doesn’t matter if you are freelancing full-time, or looking to earn some money on the side. As an ambitious freelancer, we assume that you want to keep your self-employed business organized and successful. What are some apps for freelancers to keep their focus on their job while maintaining a smart and sustainable workflow and customer acquisition, retention, or succession? Here, we have curated all of the best apps for freelancers .The world of freelancing is evolving rapidly, so you have to keep up with new improvements all the time. And you are always hunting for the best freelancing apps. You may know some of them or may have even used some of these apps for your projects. Organization, productivity, and efficiency apps for freelancers As freelancers, we need a platform to organize our projects and digital accounts . This helps us increase our productivity and manage our business seamlessly. If you could also use such platforms, look no further. Todoist, LastPass, SaneBox, Calendly, Boomerang, and Zapier are at the top of our list as the best freelance platforms for organization and productivity. Todoist As their motto suggests, Todoist is one of the best freelancing websites that help you ‘organize it all’ .With Todoist, you can: organize your tasks share them with your contacts track the progress of your projects personalize list items Todoist is one of the top freelance websites for beginners because of its user-friendly interface. The platform offers three packages, each at the service of freelancers andbusinesses with different needs. The starters package is free of charge while the pro package costs $3/month , and the package for larger teams costs $5/month . LastPass Our lives have been filled with one password on top of the other with each passing day. If you are one of those people who think that having this many passwords is overwhelming, then LastPass is here to help.One password for all the other passwords! LastPass is a premium manager of passwords that saves your passwords online. In LastPass your secure notes and passwords are protected by a master password.In addition to a free plan and a 30-day trial of the Premium package , LastPass offers: Premium plans at $3/month for individuals $4/month for families $6/month per user for businesses SaneBox SaneBox aims to keep your email box sane by analyzing your past emails and figuring out what is important to you. Later, it organizes your inbox and distinguishes between important mails and distractions. SaneBox is recommended for fellow freelancers whose inbox is ‘just a little’ messy.The three plans for SaneBox are Snack, Lunch, and Dinner , each with three sub-plans of payment. The most budget-friendly SaneBox plans start from $7/month . Calendly Hate wasting time finding meeting times that work for both parties? Calendly makes it easy to cut to the chase – just send recipients your unique scheduling link, which presents multiple meeting options based on your calendar availability. Calendly is the best calendar app for freelancers who want to stop wasting time finding meeting times that work for both parties – and it’s free . There’s no software to install and no complicated settings or configurations. Plus, the simple interface lets you schedule meetings in seconds. Just pick the date and time that work best for you and send your link to the people you need to have a meeting. Boomerang Boomerang app for Gmail and Outlook lets you take control of when you send and receive email messages ; no more forgotten emails, unanswered quote requests, or follow-ups!This app has been used by our freelancers for two main purposes: As a scheduling software to automatically send reminders and follow-up emails to their clients in a set number of days, and to keep their inboxes clean and 100% responded.It’s free to use and believe us when we say that you as a freelancer will have a lot of room in your head with a cleaner inbox. Zapier Connect the apps you use every day to automate your work and be more productive. With 1500 apps and easy integrations, you can get started in minutes. That’s Zapier ‘s value proposition: Much like its predecessor IFTTT, Zapier lets you choose triggers and actions : “Do this in this app if this kind of situation arises in this app.”Don’t underestimate this kind of power under the right hands that know what to do with this program. Many freelancers use Zapier as a quick solution across their platforms. Got a revision ticket from Zendesk? Post it in Trello and send an email through your Gmail, count the number of revisions, and put it as a note in Hubspot.This and many other ways to automate and integrate your freelancer tools and apps to remove the menial workload you might have, master workflow optimization, create more fast-paced communication with your customers, and keep track of what you are doing in general.Zapier’s free version lets you create two-stepped Zaps and a limit of 1.000 tasks a month. This is pretty generous for a freelancer when compared to what you can actually achieve in the free plan. Project management apps for freelancers There are other platforms that you can use while managing your projects. As project management tools for freelancers Trello and ClickUp can easily be placed on top of every freelancer’s list. ClickUp Fans of the Lord of the Rings series are not the only ones who will appreciate the slogan of ClickUp – “one app to replace them all” . The platform is also one of the most useful and free tools for freelancers. Whether you are working on marketing plans , creativeprojects , business reports, or strategies, ClickUp enables you to create rich-text documents.Last but not least, with ClickUp it is possible to collaborate on a document and edit it with your colleagues in real time.Depending on the number of tasks you are working on, the teams you are working with, the automation you need and many other qualities, ClickUp has five different packages. The simple package is entirelyfree , and the prices of other packages range between $5 to $19/month. Trello Don’t let the Kanban style of Trello discourage you, it is easier to use than you think! With Trello, you can create task boards and move your tasks between multiple custom-created columns. Tasks at Trello can be grouped under the default columns of To Do , In Progress, and Done . As one of the best project management tools for freelancers, Trello can come to your help for different purposes. Trello is handy for freelancers who wish to see all of their gigs organized neatly under categories .We are sure that one of the four packages of Trello will fit you just right. In addition to the free package which doesn't cost anything, the platform has three other packages: Standard package for $5/month per user, Premium package for $10/month Enterprise package for $17.50/month. Cloud storage apps for freelancers Are you tired of constantly being alerted of your storage filling up? You may want to start using one of the cloud storagetools such as Dropbox or SpinBackup. After all, no professional can say no to a bit of extra cloud space. Dropbox Dropbox was around when almost none of the cloud storage systems were present yet. One of the things this platform helps you with is storing and sharing your files and tracking file updates, but that is not all Dropbox can do. It also allows you to manage your tasks together with other people.Are you a freelancer looking for a smooth-working platform that can handle all of these operations with no hitch? Then you will see that Dropbox is made for you. Dropbox has five plans (two for personal use and three for business use ) with prices between $9.99 and $20/month. The business plans also offer a free trial for users who wish to give them a try first and decide to buy later. SpinBackup When it comes to the cloud storage universe, SpinBackup holds a firm place alongside Dropbox. SpinBackup guards your SaaS data against damages and losses, and it has a cloud-to-cloud backup system with data recovery and migration solutions.We advise freelancers with a lot to store and not enough space to try SpinBackup for their business-related and personal data. You can benefit from this service without spending too much extra money. With different options such as SpinOne, SpinSecurity, and SpinBackup, the platform is easily viable for your specific needs, and budget-friendly. The cheapest subscription packages start at $3/month , and more comprehensive packages go up to $9/month . Communication apps for freelancers For freelancers, good and open communication with their clients is a must. Here, we presented two top communicationtools for freelancers that we feel all solo talents should know about. Loom Loom may seem unconventional for some freelancers who are used to texting and sending emails for professional purposes. But let’s warn you upfront, trying Loom and seeing how practical it is may turn you into a true Loom fan. The platform enables its users to send instantvideos to their colleagues, teams and clients. Loom is ideal for freelancers who think sending avideo is just better than texting or writing an email.Loom’s starter pack may be an ideal starting point for freelancers, and it’s completely free. Loom offers the same services for larger businesses, including various extra advantages for as little as $8/month and a free 14-day trial . Slack As a group messaging platform where users can shape separate workspaces and channels for different clients and teams, Slack is a convenient means for effective communication. For efficient and high speed communication with your colleagues and clients, Slack will meet your expectations as a platform for freelancers. The monthly fee for a Pro package is $6.67 and for a Business+ package, it is $12.50. Kosy Kosy is one of the best apps for freelancers looking for a non-traditional remote communication tool . With its spatial audio and video features, it allows you to collaborate with multiple people in similar ways to being in an actual office. What makes Kosy one of the best remote work tools is the customization options that enable users to organize and structure communications, including task boards, turn-taking during meetings, whiteboard, and different activity templates for brainstorming and remote collaboration. Twist Twist is a communication and collaboration tool tailored for asynchronous work . It aims to replace group chats, emails, and even meetings. How do they do it? Twist offers organized, topic-based threads and structured channels to neatly keep track of multiple issues and conversations at the same time. Collaboration and online presentation apps for freelancers Over the last couple of years, collaborative whiteboards and online presentationtools have become one of the founding blocks of the virtualbusiness environmen t and freelance community. Miro , InVision , and Rock are some of our favorite visual collaboration platforms for freelancers. Here is why: Miro Professionals who are in need of a virtual whiteboard with collaboration features must give Miro a chance. With more than 50 templates, chatting, commenting and screen-sharing options Miro is one of the most convenient presentation tools for freelancers . Miro costs $8/month for smaller teams and $16/month for larger enterprises.Ruulers who join the Miro Professional Network get access to: Free Consultant Plan for 1 year Unlimited free licenses to invite their clients to the Miro team Dedicated training materials and/or sessions Priority access to community events Discounts from Miro’s partners InVision With its various design features, templates and collaborative boards, InVision is headed towards being the next big hit among visual whiteboard platforms . InVision will surely be a convenient option for freelancers. Different templates and boards for various purposes and tweakable user access options make it perfectly versatile.Another thing that catches our attention as we look deeper into the advantages of the platform is its affordability. Other than its free trial , InVision Pro plan costs only $7.95/month per user. Rock Rock is an all-in-one collaboration tool where you can communicate, manage your projects, and integrate your favorite apps to keep your work organized and move things forward. What makes Rock great for freelance project management and collaboration is the ability to create different spaces for 1:1 communication, group conversations or projects. You can also add anyone to any of the spaces and manage access to files, tasks, and notes as you need. Online event management and meeting apps for freelancers Undoubtedly event management platforms occupy a special place within the general genre of freelancing websites. The reason is apparent: the freelancing community needs to organize events and participate in them. Keep reading to find out about the two top-shelf event management platforms below. Airmeet With a particular focus on hosting both small meetings and large summits, Airmeet is all about setting online events, hosting onboard speakers, dealing with registrations, and engaging with participants. For freelancers who are into a more interactive, life-like, and productive remote meeting experience with participants, Airmeet is a good choice.Two main categories in Airmeet are social webinars and events. While both categories have their unique pricing lists, the prices for extensive use are around $99/month with up to 100 registrations.Airmeet is currently a partner of Ruul and offers a 20% discount over all plans to Ruulers! Join.Me Join.Me contains tools through which users can change the URL links of meetings to their liking. Users are also able to choose whatever background they want for the display shown during virtual meetings.Freelancers who are seeking ease of integration with other worktools like Office 365 and Google Calendar will particularly find Join.Me useful. Join.Me offers its services for between $14 to $19/month with extra perks for additional costs and a 14-day free trial . Writing tools and apps for freelancers If you have tasks such as drafting projects, copywriting , editing, or proofreading, then writing tools like Grammarly , Copy.ai , and TextExpander are likely to take more work. Grammarly Grammarly does many things: it highlights grammar and spelling mistake s, it informs you when you have an extra word that shouldn’t be in that sentence or when you miss an article. As an assistant for writing, Grammarly is a great tool for freelancers who want to write faster and more accurately.The package options include: basic free package premium package for $12/month business package for $12.50/month Copy.ai Unlike some other writingtools, Copy.ai does not only focus on the linguistic aspect of what you write. It also aims to provide solutions in case you run out of words and sentences. This AI-based writing tool will especially be handy for freelancers who have lots of writing tasks to finish and feel like they are running out of ideas.The free plan doesn’t cost anything, and the Pro plan designed for small businesses and teams is $35/month. TextExpander As the name suggests, TextExpander is an app that allows users to save text that can later be expanded or recaptured. This app is perfect for freelancers who don’t want to spend too much time writing similar texts. You can automatize their repetitive tasks and master time management with the snippets feature.The pricing on this platform depends on what kind of user you are. For individuals, the TextExpander services start from $3.33/month , and for teams, the prices range between $8.33 and $10.83/month . Marketing & business development apps for freelancers A good base of clients paves the path to being a high-end freelancer. Combined with active social media profiles and networking on such platforms, using the best apps for freelance marketing and business development will increase the quality and quantity of your clientele. Hunter Freelancers that have a constantly growing client base may realize that as their portfolio grows, keeping track of all the email addresses becomes a rather laborious task. Complaining about this issue may not change anything–but using Hunter may.Choose the one that suits your needs the best among the five plans, starting from $49/month , and you’ll never have to worry about losing track of a potential client ever again. If the starter pack doesn’t cut it, then you can move on to a higher pack for $99 or $199/month . HubSpot HubSpot offers a full stack of software for marketing, sales, and customer service , with a completely free CRM tool at its core.Basically, this tool helps freelancers organize their prospects and client base. You can then act on it either with its ad management, automation, or funnel management features.Freelancers usually excel at what they do, but not very much so in client management and lead generation. This is where a CRM tool like HubSpot comes into the picture. It’s free, and it’s one of the best SaaS for sales & marketing.HubSpot shines its awesome light on customer relations management upon the freelancers who utilize free functions offered by this tool, be it with constant contact and detailing the insight they’ve gathered such as: whom they have talked with as stakeholders or decision-makers, when they are going to need the services or when their annual budget is getting set Mailchimp Mailchimp is a marketing automation tool and an email marketing service program: And probably you’ve heard it up until now, right?If not, let’s cut it short. Sending emails manually is all good and well. But you need to let some automated tools take over your duties if you want to achieve that upper 5-figure annual income as a freelancer.With Mailchimp, you can send customized and segment-related email campaigns. In no time, you will see it reflected in your new customer acquisition and retention rates. Mailchimp offers its services for free up to 1.000 contacts. After that, it’s at what we call a “reasonable” price range. Zendesk Zendesk is a suite of support apps that helps transform your customer service into agents for customer retention and lead source. Well, you may be on your own and may not have so many customers to give support to. That doesn’t matter.Freelancers that are using Ruul reported that using Zendesk as a means of bug-tracking and revision tool and knowing the platform ourselves pretty well– that’s a genius move! This way, you can actually direct customer feedback and revisions on applicable projects to ticket forms, asking users to give sufficient information for you to process and solve.Unlike other tools, Zendesk comes with a small price. But all in all, it’s a fair price to pay for a program like this to get the revision process in a systematic funnel. Prospero Prospero lets you easily create beautiful proposals in half the time it would normally take with simple and polished templates and ready-made content. Prospero’s tools allow you to control typography and layout and add reusable snippets that help save time.Other useful features of Prospero include the ability to send and track all of your proposals from a single platform and get a digital signature from your clients. With a pricing of $10/month , a subscription to Prospero might be a wise investment to help you land new clients for your solo business. Best apps for improving freelancers’ quality of life We know that the list consists of so many items already. And surelyt takes time to digest all of these amazing tools. But hang in there a little more! Here, we have a section in which you will find platforms for anyone and everyone to improve their mental well-being and stay active while working as a freelancer. Alo Moves Who can say no to a yoga class or a fitness class after a long workday in front of the screen? Freelancers yearning for wholesome physical exercise will enjoy Alo Moves and its 3000+ classes available for streaming.After a 14-dayfree trial, you can begin your fitness regimen for $20/month for the first year of your membership. Headspace Headspace can guide you through various kinds of meditation and help you achieve stillness and calmness, and increase your self-awareness. This platform for guided meditation and mindfulness can be used in the morning before you start working on your next freelance project, or in the evening after the daily gigs are over.In Headspace, there is a 14-day free trial period , with $13/month afterward. With the annual subscription option, you can get a good deal that amounts to $5.83/month . Finance and compliance apps for freelancers Finally, let’s get to the core of the entire subject: finance and tax management. Considering how many of us make a living through freelance gigs, one of the most crucial parts of freelancing operations is the management of payments from clients and tackling tax filing. In a word, our platform of choice for finance and compliance solutions is Ruul! Ruul Ever since it was established in 2017, Ruul has provided compliant and easy invoicing solutions and payment features for freelancers. Ruul is the optimal choice for solo talents wishing to expand their business worldwide by working with clients located anywhere. With no costs of subscription and maintenance, the pricing of Ruul’s invoicing and payment collection features is measured by a commission rate based on: invoice amount payout amount the currencies selected the method of payment Ruul is constantly expanding its set of solutions and resources to facilitate solo work. Among the upcoming features set to be launched in 2023 is the much-anticipated tax assistance solution. You can sign up for the waitlist to be the first to know when it’s ready, and get expert help in calculating and filing your taxes. Keep following for current best apps for freelancers We have hand-curated and provided a comprehensive list of the best apps for freelancers. As the needs of solo talents change and transform, many new tools and platforms emerge and make freelancing much more seamless. Keep an eye on this article, we will be updating and expanding it to keep it relevant and all-inclusive. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Arno Yeramyan Arno Yeramyan is a talented writer and financial expert who educates readers on various financial topics such as personal finance, investing, and retirement planning. He offers valuable insights to help readers make sound financial decisions for their future. More Wellness and employee wellbeing at work Discover the complex concept of employee wellbeing and why it's crucial for businesses. Get tips on how to promote in the workplace now! Read more How to Price Freelance Graphic Design Work Read on to learn how to set the right price for your freelance graphic design services. Price your services the right way! Read more Freelance Tax Rates in Turkey in 2025 As a freelancer, be informed about the latest and basic tax rates in Turkey for 2024! Keep reading and stay informed. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Trustpilot Product Payment Requests Sell Services Sell Products Subscriptions Ruul Space Pricing For Businesses Resources Blog About Contact Support Referral Program Affiliate Program Partner Program Tools Invoice Generator NDA Generator Service Agreement Generator Freelancer Hourly Rate Calculator All Rights Reserved © 2025 Terms Of Use Privacy Policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://apisyouwonthate.com/blog/creating-openapi-from-http-traffic#/portal/ | Creating OpenAPI from HTTP Traffic Newsletter Articles Books Podcast Membership Sign in Subscribe Creating OpenAPI from HTTP Traffic Phil Sturgeon 01 Jan 2022 — 6 min read Around this time of year we're thinking about things we're going to do differently, new practices we've been putting off for too long, and mistakes we want to avoid continuing into another year. For many of us in the API world, that is going to be switching to API Design-first , using standards like OpenAPI to plan and prototype the API long before any code is written. More organizations are switching to API Design-first with OpenAPI , thanks to huge efforts from tooling vendors - from the bigger folks: Stoplight and Postman , to the smaller open-source OpenAPI tools - making it far easier to do. Sadly, there's an awkward position many of us are stuck in. We have an API that we built years ago, and now our DevRel team want OpenAPI-based API Reference documentation, the API governance team want OpenAPI to be included in the pull request for any code change, the testing team want our OpenAPI to set up end-to-end contract testing, but we don't have any OpenAPI... AGH! We wrote before about some slightly hacky ways to create OpenAPI from things like Postman Collections, using JSON to JSON Schema converters, and a whole lot of mucking about, but thankfully these days there are far nicer solutions around. One especially smooth tool is Akita ! Akita is an observability tool, which can sniff HTTP traffic, and build models of your data. Once it's done that, it can create a graph of all your APIs to give insight into a system, intelligently catch and communicate breaking changes, and various other handy things. We're going to use just part of it's power to create OpenAPI for an API after it's already been deployed to production, so that we can use API Design-first for any new functionality going forwards. Looking for a example wasn't hard. I'd made this mistake myself earlier in the year. We rushed an API for Protect Earth . There was no need to design the API because it had to match a contract defined by an existing tree-planting partner, so we just copied some of their JSON, and coded to that rough shape hoping for the best. Of course this rush blew up in our face immediately. The first consumer integration was a lot of awful trial-and-error which took ages, and when the second consumer they didn't have any documentation. I know I know. The mechanic’s car is always broken... So let's get on with it. We could install the Akita Client anywhere, maybe pop it on a staging/production servers to detect that traffic, but installing on a laptop is easier for this workflow: running a proxy, sniffing requests/responses for https://api.protect.earth/ , and importing into Akita. This is documented nicely on Akita's docs site , but lets focus on the specific bits for this workflow. Step 1: Setup Akita Client locally Head over to akitasoftware.com and click Join Beta. Maybe it's already out so click Register, just get yourself an account somehow. Now we can install the akita-cli client. On macOS that'll be a brew install, and for everything else theres docs . brew tap akitasoftware/akita && brew install akita-cli When that's installed, use the akita login command to log in. You'll want to go fishing for your API Key which is in Settings on the Akita dashboard. akita login API Key ID: apk_0000000000000000000000 API Key Secret: ****************************** Login successful! API keys stored in ${HOME}/.akita/credentials.yaml Step 2: Man in the Middle Proxy In order to intercept the HTTP traffic going to an encrypted website ( https:// ) we can use the free tool mitmproxy , which is another brew install. brew install mitmproxy Then, we'll want to grab the har_dump.py script from mitmproxy which will turn intercepted traffic on their proxy into a HAR (HTTP Archive format) file . wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy/master/examples/contrib/har_dump.py Ready for action. Step 3: Using the proxy In one terminal session, run the proxy server with the har_dump.py script loaded up, and dump.har set so the HAR file will be saved locally. mitmdump -s ./har_dump.py --set hardump=./dump.har If it's working, the proxy will run on localhost:8080 so you can use that as a proxy in whatever http client. Maybe you're one of those folks who can remember how curl works. curl -D - -k --proxy localhost:8080 https://api.protect.earth/v1/orders/c36916f7-7591-47e5-b069-f983b9c0f320 That will make requests to the https://api.protect.earth/v1/orders/{uuid} endpoint of the Protect Earth API, pass the request and response through mitmproxy, and write the output to dump.har . Doing all of this in curl was a bit of a mess so I grabbed Insomnia and clicked around the API a bit, hitting as many resources and collections as possible, so the OpenAPI is based on a superset of all the data it's seen, instead of just the one JSON representation. Step 4: Converting HAR to OpenAPI There are a lot of tools out there to convert a HAR to OpenAPI, but some of them are old, some of them are bad, and most of them are both. Akita is fantastic at doing this, and can handle all nullable, optional, polymorphic, and generally funny shaped data! It'll take a stab at noticing formats of strings, all of which saves you time from filling all this in manually. The akita apispec command can import dump.har to your service, and give it a name. The service was protect-earth and the spec was just called mySpec because that's what the docs said and it doesn't seem to matter. akita apispec --traces dump.har --out akita://protect-earth:spec:mySpec The Services page in Akita should now be aware of the service you just uploaded. Click on that and there will be a list of endpoints its aware of, with parameters used to avoid duplicating endpoints for different UUIDs or other parameters as other tools often do. Those endpoints have all their metadata associated in Akita, which means it's ready for exporting as OpenAPI through the web interface. The OpenAPI document will be created as YAML, and at time of writing is producing OpenAPI v3.0. Ideally it would soon be updated to OpenAPI v3.1, but the differences are not huge and can be changed manually . Once you've got this OpenAPI YAML document you can shove it into your Git repo to live alongside your code. It might not be perfect, but you can hook that Git repo up to a web-based OpenAPI editor like Stoplight Platform , or a local file editor like Stoplight Studio, or just manually wrangle the YAML in your favourite text editor. However you go about it, you can tidy up the OpenAPI document according to your preferences, and publish the docs when you're done. How you might chose to tidy up the OpenAPI is another article for another day, but getting some OpenAPI without having to manually wrangle it all by hand is a huge timesaver. More importantly it's likely to help API teams get on board with any organization-wide push for API Design-first, or any other API Program or workflow that requires OpenAPI. Now, I'm off to plan out a new endpoint for the Protect Earth API using the design-first approach, so I can give multiple consumers a mock endpoint to hit to see if it'll work for them, before I bother writing up a bunch of code I'll only have to change later based on their feedback. Read more Design First, AI Never In the age of vibe-coding, how can we convince teams to invest in design before building APIs? Also in this newsletter: OpenAPI 3.3, Reddit's microservices architecture, an update to Speakeasy for OpenApi 3.2.0, and more! By Alexander Karan 15 Dec 2025 Zero-Downtime Migration from Laravel Vapor to Laravel Cloud Move your Laravel API from Vapor to Cloud in phases, without making a complete hash of it and wishing you never bothered. By Phil Sturgeon 08 Dec 2025 NestJS: Bad, or Really Bad? 😉 In this newsletter: the Resty library for APIs in Golang, a new Bruno release, an interview with Kin Lane, and API Schema Automation for devs By Alexander Karan 01 Dec 2025 Building a Sustainable Future in APIs with Kin Lane Kin Lane drops by to talk to Phil Sturgeon about his new startup, the changing landscape of API tech, why REST fundamentals are still important, and building sustainable API tools. By Mike Bifulco 01 Dec 2025 Sign up About Powered by Ghost Are you ready to build APIs You Won't Hate? Join now to subscribe to our twice-monthly newsletter, access to our Slack Channel, and other subscriber benefits. Unsubscribe any time. Subscribe | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://agileinaction.com/agile-in-action-podcast/2021/06/08/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-scrum-master-with-michele-magnardini-at-sage.html | The Agile in Action with Bill Raymond Podcast Home Learn More Sponsors Listen now A day in the life of a SCRUM Master Jun 8, 2021 • Bill Raymond Michele Magnardini, Scrum Master at Sage LinkedIn Eight stances of a scrum master Scrum certification Geoff Watts' website About this podcast episode When you think about agile teams, or more specifically, Scrum teams, you will often hear about a role called the Scrum Master. That role is frequently confused, and you will often hear the position referred to as a project manager with a new and modern title. For some, agile is a brand-new way to work, and therefore a brand new way of structuring your organization. Any organizational change requires new or changed roles, adjusting to a new culture, and shifting focus. That change is never-ending because customer needs, products, and technology will not stop changing our business landscape. In today’s podcast, I speak with Michele Magnardini, Scrum Master at Sage. He talks about the role of a Scrum Master, which helps improve team dynamics and plays a critical role in continuous team improvements. If your organization is considering adopting agile, you likely came across the term Scrum. Agile and Scrum can represent a tectonic shift in how companies work and structure teams. Embracing this change is not a one-and-done project but an entirely new way of working, which means change will be continuous, with regular improvements in support of teams to deliver customer value. In today’s fun and lively conversation Michele makes no assumptions that you are a Scrum expert, walking you through all the basics. You will learn how Scrum works, including the roles, meetings, and artifacts defined by the framework. Then, he shares the critical role of a Scrum Master. Sadly, many consider the Scrum Master as a project manager with a new, modern title. That cannot be farther from the truth, and you will learn just how important the Scrum Master’s role is to that continuous improvement process I share earlier in this post. The Agile in Action with Bill Raymond Podcast The Agile in Action with Bill Raymond Podcast bill.raymond@agileinaction.com williamraymond BillRaymond The Agile in Action Podcast with Bill Raymond serves listeners with unique perspectives of the people working tirelessly to modernize how teams work. | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://apisyouwonthate.com/author/alexander-karan/ | Alexander Karan - APIs You Won't Hate Newsletter Articles Books Podcast Membership Sign in Subscribe Alexander Karan 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) Design First, AI Never In the age of vibe-coding, how can we convince teams to invest in design before building APIs? Also in this newsletter: OpenAPI 3.3, Reddit's microservices architecture, an update to Speakeasy for OpenApi 3.2.0, and more! By Alexander Karan 15 Dec 2025 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) NestJS: Bad, or Really Bad? 😉 In this newsletter: the Resty library for APIs in Golang, a new Bruno release, an interview with Kin Lane, and API Schema Automation for devs By Alexander Karan 01 Dec 2025 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) TanStack DB: No More Broken APIs A fresh database framework with thoughtful developer experience, forms + JSON Schema, Open API 3.2.0 in .net, and more! By Alexander Karan 17 Nov 2025 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) Postman was Offline? Should an HTTP client require a cloud connection to work? Also in this edition: JSONRiver, http caching, Jentic OpenAPI tools, Node 25, and GraphQLConf videos. By Alexander Karan 03 Nov 2025 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) Goodbye Stoplight? Like saying farewell to a dear old friend, we reflect on our time with Stoplight. Also in this newsletter: Upgrading to OpenAPI 3.2, OpenAPI Format, Fibre for Go, and more! By Alexander Karan 16 Oct 2025 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) OpenAPI 3.2... Finally! The long-awaited launch of the newest version of the OpenAPI standard, plus JSON Streaming, Scaling API Workflows, a new RPC protocol, and a peek at Bluesky's AT Protocol. By Alexander Karan 01 Oct 2025 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) Is Your API Secure? API Security is one of those things that isn't a problem until it is. Also in this newsletter: an http client for Go, JSON streaming in OpenAPI3.2, API Days London, HTTP Golden Girls, and Node HTTP Servers on CloudFlare workers. By Alexander Karan 20 Sep 2025 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) A Love Letter to OpenAPI Taking time to use OpenAPI for planning makes API teams build better software. Also: Arrazo news, Speakeasy's OpenAPI Parser, JSON Streaming with OpenAPI 3.2, API World, and an API for the United State Congress. By Alexander Karan 02 Sep 2025 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) Playwright Does API Testing Now? A nonconventional use for an end-to-end testing framework, Stringify gets faster, we say goodbye to Apiary, and a review of the amazing API product that DarkSky was. By Alexander Karan 18 Aug 2025 📰 APIs You Won't Hate (The newsletter) About Slack's new rate limits... As APIs become the sneaky backbone of LLM-driven workflows, Slack's update to their API rate limits may be an interesting sign of changing tides. By Alexander Karan 04 Aug 2025 api-tools Generating OpenAPI docs for Java with Spring Boot Learn how to export OpenAPI from your Spring Boot application with Springdoc. By Phil Sturgeon, Alexander Karan 04 Aug 2025 documentation The 5 Best API Docs Tools in 2025 Which API documentation tool is the best? It Depends™! Let's go through the best modern tooling and look at when you might want to pick one over another. By Phil Sturgeon, Alexander Karan 30 Jul 2025 See all APIs You Won't Hate The largest community for API Devs on the web. Subscribe Recommendations Alexander Karan’s Blog blog.alexanderkaran.com Senior Software Engineer at Atlassian. JavaScript dev, TedX speaker and blogger with a passion for software architecture. Alex is APIs You Won't Hate's resident newsletter-writer-in-chief. OpenAPI.Tools - an Open Source list of great tools for OpenAPI. openapi.tools OpenAPI.tools is a comprehensive and open source list of resources for developers working with OpenAPI. Protect Earth | Planting trees to save the earth protect.earth Our purpose is simple: we aim to plant, and help people plant, as many trees as possible in the UK to help mitigate the climate crisis. Phil Sturgeon's Blog philsturgeon.com The personal blog of Phil Sturgeon, founder of APIs You Won't Hate. A Digital nomad, writing about APIs, van life, and trying to save the planet through reforestation and green tech. 💌 Tiny Improvements, from Mike Bifulco mikebifulco.com A weekly newsletter for product builders. It's a single, tiny idea to help you build better products, written by CTO of a YC company (and one of the founders of APIs You Won't Hate) See all Sign up About Powered by Ghost Are you ready to build APIs You Won't Hate? Join now to subscribe to our twice-monthly newsletter, access to our Slack Channel, and other subscriber benefits. Unsubscribe any time. Subscribe | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
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Sorry, no results found. 1 View All View 6 per page About the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials The Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials combines rigorous research with industry-specific knowledge and practice-led experience to deliver insights that can drive business impact. The energy, resources, and industrials industry is the nexus for building, powering, and securing the smart, connected world of tomorrow. Our research uncovers opportunities that can help businesses thrive. Learn more Get in touch with our research team Kate Hardin Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials | Executive director | Deloitte Services LP Kate Hardin Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials | Executive director | Deloitte Services LP United States Kate Hardin is the executive director of the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials. In tandem with the center leadership, Hardin drives energy research initiatives and manages the execution of the center’s strategy as well as its eminence and thought leadership. khardin@deloitte.com +1 617 437 3332 Clayton Wilkerson Chief of staff Clayton Wilkerson Chief of staff United States Clayton Wilkerson, chief of staff for Deloitte Services LP's Research Center for Energy and Industrials, is a dynamic industry development leader with over 20 years experience, boasting a proven track record reflected in my expertise, skills and accomplishments in leading-edge, research and insights, learning and development, talent acquisition, and training implementation. Articulate and knowledgeable leader recognized for developing, supporting, and implementing productivity initiatives, business strategy, activities, processes, systems, and tools that lead to the achievement of productivity targets. cwilkerson@deloitte.com Anshu Mittal Research leader, Oil & gas Anshu Mittal Research leader, Oil & gas India Anshu Mittal is a senior vice president in Deloitte’s research and insights team and the US-India office’s research and insights leader. With nearly 20 years of experience in the energy and resources industry, he has advised governments and companies on policy-, regulatory-, strategy-, and transaction-level issues across the energy value chain. ansmittal@deloitte.com +91 990 854 9995 Jaya Nagdeo Research manager, Power, utilities & renewables Jaya Nagdeo Research manager, Power, utilities & renewables India Jaya Nagdeo is a manager with Deloitte Services India Pvt. Ltd., and is part of the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials. She has more than 11 years of experience in strategic and financial research across all power utilities and renewable energy subsectors and has contributed to many studies in the areas of energy transition, business strategy, digital transformation, operational performance, and market landscape. jnagdeo@deloitte.com John Morehouse Research leader, Industrial products manufacturing John Morehouse Research leader, Industrial products manufacturing United States John Morehouse is the Industrial Products Manufacturing research leader in the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials. With more than 25 years of experience in manufacturing-related roles across industry, academia, and government, Morehouse enjoys leveraging his expertise in research, engineering, and business to assist companies in innovating their products, processes, and workforce, and fostering the development of manufacturing ecosystems. jmorehouse@deloitte.com Ashlee Christian Research manager, Energy & chemicals Ashlee Christian Research manager, Energy & chemicals United States Ashlee Christian leads Energy & Chemicals projects at the Deloitte Research Center for Energy and Industrials, with a focus on natural gas, LNG, chemicals, and pathways to sustainability. She has 15 years of experience in research, market analysis, business development, and management consulting in the Energy sector. aschristian@deloitte.com Carolyn Amon Research leader, Power, utilities & renewables Carolyn Amon Research leader, Power, utilities & renewables United States Carolyn Amon leads Power, Utilities & Renewables’ projects at the Deloitte Research Center for Energy and Industrials, where she focuses on decarbonization strategies. She has 20 years of experience delivering international advisory services and developing thought leadership across the Energy, Electric Vehicle, and Manufacturing sectors. She is passionate about empowering people to partake in the energy transition to a net-zero world. caamon@deloitte.com +1 571 814 6979 Kruttika Dwivedi Research manager | Industrial products and construction Kruttika Dwivedi Research manager | Industrial products and construction India Kruttika Dwivedi, a research manager with the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials at Deloitte Support Services India Private Limited, has supported several industrial products research studies focused on areas such as the future of work, the Internet of Things, and talent management. She has nearly nine years of experience in advanced statistical analysis and strategic research. Dwivedi holds an MBA with a specialization in marketing research. krdwivedi@deloitte.com +91 40 6670 81384 Scott Welch Research leader, Industrial products and construction Scott Welch Research leader, Industrial products and construction United States Scott Welch is the research leader for both aerospace and defense and engineering and construction in the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials. He has over 20 years of experience in developing data-driven insights and translating complex market trends into compelling thought leadership across multiple sectors and geographies. Before joining Deloitte, Welch served in several business insights leadership roles at another Big Four. 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https://www.suprsend.com/sms-providers-alternatives/7-best-karix-alternatives-and-competitors-2024-sms-latency-pricing-compliance-api | #7 Best Karix Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up #7 Best Karix Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover top 7 Karix SMS alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Karix alternatives Reddit. Integrate now Comparative Guide: #7 Best Karix Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API In a market flooded with SMS providers, selecting the one that suits your needs can be challenging. This comparative guide offers a swift overview of their offerings, making it easy for you to decide. Features Interactive Voice Response Plivo Supported Twilio Supported Bandwidth Supported Sinch Supported Vonage Supported Telnyx Supported MessageBird Supported Recording and Transcriptions Plivo Supported Twilio Supported Bandwidth Supported Sinch Supported Vonage Supported Telnyx Supported MessageBird Supported Carrier Route Optimization Plivo Supported Twilio Supported Bandwidth Supported Sinch Supported Vonage Supported Telnyx Supported MessageBird Supported Free Inbound SMS Plivo Not Supported Twilio Not Supported Bandwidth Supported Sinch Not Supported Vonage Not Supported Telnyx Supported MessageBird Supported Concatenation Plivo Supported Twilio Supported Bandwidth Supported Sinch Supported Vonage Supported Telnyx Supported MessageBird Supported Cost Dedicated Number Plivo $1/month Twilio $1/month Bandwidth $0.035/ month Sinch $1/month Vonage $0.99/month Telnyx $1/ month MessageBird $1/month Incoming SMS Plivo $0.0065/ message Twilio $0.00075/message Bandwidth FREE Sinch $0.00078/ message Vonage $0.0063/ message Telnyx FREE MessageBird FREE Outgoing SMS Plivo $0.0065/ message Twilio $0.00075/message Bandwidth $0.005/ message ++ Sinch $0.00078/ message Vonage $0.0068/ message Telnyx $0.067/ message MessageBird $0.0071/message Security Encryption Plivo TLS/ HTTP AES 256 Twilio TLS 1.2 / HTTP AES 256 Bandwidth TLS Sinch TLS AES 256 Vonage TLS AES 256 Telnyx WebRTC & TLS SRTP/ZRTP MessageBird TLS Certification Plivo SOC 2 Twilio ISO/IEC 27017 ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27018 FIPS 140-2 Level 3 SOC 2 CSA STAR Bandwidth ISO/IEC 27001:2013 SOC 2 Type II Sinch ISO/ IEC 27001 - 2022 ISO 9001:2015 SOC 2 Type II Vonage ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Telnyx ISO/IEC 27001:2013 ISO/ IEC 27000 SOC 2 Type II SOC I Type II MessageBird SOC 2 Type II ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Compliance Plivo GDPR HIPPA PCI DSS Twilio HIPPA GDPR PCI DSS Bandwidth CPNI GDPR 7 HIPPA US State Privacy Laws Sinch HIPPA PCI DSS Vonage HIPPA Telnyx Avaya Compliant HIPPA GDPR MessageBird GDPR Dutch ACM Authentication IDs / Tokens Plivo Yes Twilio Yes Bandwidth Yes Sinch Yes Vonage Yes Telnyx Yes MessageBird Yes Rate Limits Outbound Throughput Limit Range Plivo 0.25-100 MPS Twilio 1 MPS Bandwidth 1-100 MPS Sinch 1-75 MPS Vonage 1-100 MPS Telnyx 10 MPS MessageBird 1 MPS Character Limits Accepted Plivo 1600 Concatenated/ 160 Twilio 1600 Concatenated / 160 Bandwidth 160 Sinch 2000 Concatenated / 160 Vonage 3200 Concatenated/ 160 Telnyx 160 MessageBird 160 Features Plivo Twilio Bandwidth Sinch Vonage Telnyx MessageBird Interactive Voice Response Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Recording and Transcriptions Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Carrier Route Optimization Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Free Inbound SMS Not Supported Not Supported Supported Not Supported Not Supported Supported Supported Concatenation Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Cost Plivo Twilio Bandwidth Sinch Vonage Telnyx MessageBird Dedicated Number $1/month $1/month $0.035/ month $1/month $0.99/month $1/ month $1/month Incoming SMS $0.0065/ message $0.00075/message FREE $0.00078/ message $0.0063/ message FREE FREE Outgoing SMS $0.0065/ message $0.00075/message $0.005/ message ++ $0.00078/ message $0.0068/ message $0.067/ message $0.0071/message Security Plivo Twilio Bandwidth Sinch Vonage Telnyx MessageBird Encryption TLS/ HTTP AES 256 TLS 1.2 / HTTP AES 256 TLS TLS AES 256 TLS AES 256 WebRTC & TLS SRTP/ZRTP TLS Certification SOC 2 ISO/IEC 27017 ISO/IEC 27001 ISO/IEC 27018 FIPS 140-2 Level 3 SOC 2 CSA STAR ISO/IEC 27001:2013 SOC 2 Type II ISO/ IEC 27001 - 2022 ISO 9001:2015 SOC 2 Type II ISO/IEC 27001:2013 ISO/IEC 27001:2013 ISO/ IEC 27000 SOC I Type II SOC 2 Type II ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Compliance GDPR HIPPA PCI DSS HIPPA GDPR PCI DSS CPNI GDPR 7 HIPPA US State Privacy Laws HIPPA PCI DSS HIPPA Avaya Compliant HIPPA GDPR GDPR Dutch ACM Authenttication IDs / Tokens Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Rate Limits Plivo Twilio Bandwidth Sinch Vonage Telnyx MessageBird Outbound Throughput Limit Range 0.25-100 MPS 1 MPS 1-100 MPS 1-75 MPS 1-100 MPS 10 MPS 1 MPS Character Limits Accepted 1600 Concatenated/ 160 1600 Concatenated / 160 160 2000 Concatenated / 160 3200 Concatenated/ 160 160 160 SMS Price Calculator: The Ultimate SMS Vendor Comparison Tool In the realm of cloud communication and SMS services, Karix has made its mark. But in the ever-evolving landscape of business communication, it's essential to explore alternatives that might better align with your unique needs. This comprehensive comparison brings you seven noteworthy Karix SMS alternatives, shedding light on their distinctive strengths and features. We've drawn insights from multiple sources to provide you with a comprehensive view to help you make an informed choice. 1. Plivo: A Versatile Karix SMS Alternative Plivo stands out as a versatile cloud communication platform used by businesses in over 190 countries. With support for 16 languages in its text-to-speech feature and direct connections in supported countries, Plivo offers an exceptional Karix SMS alternative. Unique Features: Cutting-Edge Communication Software: Plivo equips you with advanced software to enhance your customer interactions, making communication more engaging and efficient. 24/7 Premium Customer Support: With around-the-clock premium customer support, Plivo ensures you receive assistance whenever you need it, reducing downtime and keeping your communication systems running smoothly. Dedicated API for Customization: Plivo offers a dedicated API for developers, simplifying the process of customizing and integrating features into your existing systems. Two-Factor Authentication: Elevate the security of your applications with two-factor authentication, ensuring the protection of sensitive information. Support for Multimedia Formats: Plivo supports a wide array of multimedia formats, including GIFs, JPEG, emojis, audio, and video, enabling more dynamic and engaging messaging. Smart Queuing for Carrier Compliance: Plivo's smart queuing system ensures that your messages adhere to carrier regulations, enhancing the reliability of message delivery. Pros: Customize sender IDs with alphanumeric characters. Regular software optimizations and software development kits (SDKs). GDPR compliance. Cons: Limited API documentation. Some users may find the dashboard complex. Key Specifications: 99.99% API uptime. Supports various platforms, including iOS, Android, macOS, Linux, and Windows. Pricing begins at $35 per month. Why Choose Plivo Over Karix? Plivo offers seamless communication with advanced features. 24/7 premium support guarantees assistance at all times. Smart queuing enhances message delivery reliability. 2. Twilio: A Leading Karix SMS Alternative Twilio is a well-established name in the cloud communication arena, offering a diverse range of APIs to help businesses enhance their communication and connect with customers across different channels. As an alternative to Karix, Twilio is renowned for its scalability and flexibility. Unique Features: Programmable APIs for Custom Solutions: Twilio provides programmable APIs that empower developers to create customized communication solutions tailored to their business's needs. Omnichannel Communication: Twilio supports omnichannel communication, enabling businesses to connect with customers via SMS, voice, video, and more. Global Reach with Local Presence: Twilio offers access to local numbers in over 100 countries, expanding global communication capabilities. Video Communication: Twilio facilitates video calls, making remote interactions personal and engaging. Pros: Comprehensive developer documentation and resources. High-quality voice and video calling. Cons: Costs can add up, especially with extensive usage. Some users may find the learning curve steep. Key Specifications: 99.95% API uptime. Supports various platforms, including web, mobile, and desktop. Pricing varies based on usage and services. Why Choose Twilio Over Karix? Twilio provides programmable APIs for customized communication solutions. Omnichannel communication capabilities enhance customer interactions. Extensive global reach with access to local numbers in numerous countries. 3. Sinch: A Versatile Karix SMS Alternative Sinch is a communication platform renowned for offering customized text campaigns, chatbots, and voice bots, making it a versatile alternative to Karix SMS. Unique Features: Over 600 Direct Carriers for High Delivery Rates: Sinch boasts over 600 direct carriers, ensuring high delivery rates and making your messages reach customers reliably. Video API, SIP Trunking, and In-App Video Calling: Sinch provides a variety of video communication options, including video API, SIP trunking, and in-app video calling, enhancing communication and making customer interactions more engaging. Flash Call and Unified Verification for Cost-Effective Security: Sinch offers cost-effective security measures such as Flash Call and unified verification, reducing the risk of fraudulent activity and enhancing your business's trustworthiness. Pros: Easy number porting streamlines the process of transferring your phone numbers to Sinch. The Number Look-up feature helps you engage customers with the right numbers, enhancing your outreach. Cons: No desktop application. Occasional SMS delivery issues may affect the reliability of your messaging. Key Specifications: 99.95% uptime. Supports various platforms, including Android, iOS, and JavaScript SDK. Pricing starts at $0.0078 for SMS services. Why Choose Sinch Over Karix? Sinch boasts over 600 direct carriers for high delivery rates, ensuring that your messages reach their destination. Video APIs and in-app video calling enhance communication, making customer interactions more engaging. Cost-effective verification methods for businesses, reducing security risks. 4. Vonage API: A Feature-Packed Karix SMS Alternative Vonage API focuses on API messaging and offers real-time data on phone numbers, ranging from carrier information to user contact details. It simplifies SMS and MMS messages with integration into popular social media platforms, including WhatsApp and Facebook. Unique Features: Integration with WhatsApp, Viber Messaging, and Facebook: Vonage API provides multiple channels for reaching your customers, enhancing your outreach. Live Website Chat: Offer real-time customer engagement with live website chat, ensuring that you're readily available to address inquiries and provide support. Video Messaging and Voice Calling: Add versatility to your communication options with video messaging and voice calling, allowing for richer customer interactions. Pros: A broad range of communication APIs ensures that you have the tools to meet your specific communication needs. Developer-friendly with scalability, allowing you to tailor your communication systems to your business requirements. Cost-effective connections with various carriers, reducing communication costs. Cons: Frequent SDK updates may require adaptations. Complex error handling may pose challenges in certain cases. Key Specifications: 99.99% API uptime. Supports various platforms, including iOS, Android, macOS, Linux, and Windows. Pricing varies based on usage and services. Why Choose Vonage API Over Karix? Vonage API offers versatile communication channels with integration into WhatsApp, Viber Messaging, and Facebook. Live website chat ensures real-time customer engagement. Video messaging and voice calling add richness to customer interactions. 5. MessageBird: An Omnichannel Karix SMS Alternative MessageBird is a cloud-based messaging platform known for its exceptional omnichannel communication experience. It allows businesses to integrate various communication channels and services into a single inbox. Unique Features: Omnichannel Capabilities: MessageBird enables you to communicate with customers across multiple channels, making it easier to connect with them where they are most comfortable. Flow Builder for Workflow Automation: With Flow Builder, you can create custom auto-replies and automate various workflows. This feature streamlines communication processes, ensuring that your customers receive timely responses. Two-way Chat Messaging with Push Notifications: MessageBird offers two-way chat messaging with push notifications, facilitating real-time conversations with your customers. Pros: Global coverage ensures that you can connect with customers worldwide. Flow Builder simplifies automation and customization of communication workflows. 24/7 support is available to assist you when you need it. Cons: Limited documentation may require additional effort to get the most out of the platform. Inconsistent delivery rates for SMS messages may affect message reliability. Key Specifications: Supports various features such as video conferencing, local and toll-free phone numbers, Instagram Messaging API, Google Business Messages, and more. Pricing varies based on usage and services. Why Choose MessageBird Over Karix? MessageBird offers comprehensive omnichannel capabilities, making it easier to connect with your customers across various channels. Flow Builder streamlines workflow automation, improving communication efficiency. Two-way chat messaging with push notifications ensures real-time conversations with customers. 6. Telnyx: A Reliable Karix SMS Alternative for Communication Telnyx offers a distributed infrastructure for unified connectivity. It features a global, private, multi-cloud IP network and intuitive APIs. Unique Features: Maximize SMS Delivery with Expert Consultation: Telnyx provides expert consultation to maximize the delivery of your SMS messages, ensuring that your important messages reach your customers promptly. Self-Service Porting with Real-Time Data Validation: Simplify the process of transferring your phone numbers to Telnyx with self-service porting and real-time data validation. 24/7 Support at No Extra Cost: Telnyx offers 24/7 customer support at no additional cost, ensuring that you're never left without assistance, enhancing the reliability of your communication systems. Pros: Competitive pricing model. Intuitive and detailed API documentation. 24/7 customer support. Cons: Learning curve. Occasional glitches and outages. Key Specifications: 99.999% uptime. Supports various platforms, including Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android. Pricing starts at $0.002 per minute for outbound calls and $0.004 per message. Why Choose Telnyx Over Karix? Telnyx provides high-quality voice and video communication. Competitive pricing and 24/7 support at no additional cost. Self-service porting with real-time data validation. 7. Bandwidth: A Flexible Karix SMS Competitor Bandwidth is a communications platform renowned for its flexibility. It offers messaging, voice calls, and emergency services with extensive developer support. Unique Features: Direct-to-Carrier Network for Quality and Reliability: Bandwidth offers a direct-to-carrier network, ensuring quality and reliability in message and call delivery. Call Transcriptions, Text-to-Speech, and Recording: Enhance communication efficiency with call transcriptions, text-to-speech capabilities, and call recording, providing valuable resources for businesses. Nationwide 911 Connectivity: Bandwidth offers nationwide 911 connectivity, adding an extra layer of safety and compliance to your communication. Emergency Calling API: Handle critical situations efficiently with Bandwidth's emergency calling API, ensuring that you're prepared for emergencies. Pros: Click-to-call app for easy customer reach. Webinars for process improvement, ensuring you're making the most of your communication resources. Cons: Limited global reach. Limited advanced messaging features. Porting delays may impact your communication transition. Key Specifications: Prior notice for planned maintenance downtime. Supports Linux distributions. Pricing starts at $0.010 per minute for domestic outbound. Why Choose Bandwidth Over Karix? Bandwidth offers a direct-to-carrier network for superior reliability. Comprehensive voice and messaging features, including 911 connectivity. Webinars for continuous process improvement, ensuring that you're optimizing your communication resources. In conclusion, while Karix SMS is a reputable communication platform, these seven alternatives offer a range of unique features and advantages, from high delivery rates and omnichannel capabilities to cost-effective solutions and enhanced customer engagement. Evaluate the specific strengths of each alternative to make an informed decision that aligns with your business goals and communication requirements. Whether you need high-quality voice calls, video communication, competitive pricing, or custom automation, there's an alternative to Karix SMS that suits your needs. How SuprSend works? More to explore vs. #7 Best Exotel Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover top 7 Exotel SMS alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Exotel alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Gupshup Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover top 7 Gupshup SMS alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Gupshup alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Ooma Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover top 7 Ooma SMS alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Ooma alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Amazon SNS Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover top 7 Amazon SNS alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Amazon SNS alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Telnyx Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover top 7 Telnyx SMS alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Telnyx alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Bandwidth Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover the top 7 Bandwidth SMS alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Bandwidth alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best RingCentral Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover the top 7 RingCentral SMS alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on RingCentral alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Sinch Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover the top 7 Sinch alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Sinch alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Messagebird Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - SMS, Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover the top 7 Messagebird SMS alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Messagebird alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Vonage Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover the top 7 Vonage alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Vonage alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Plivo Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover the top 7 Plivo alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Plivo alternatives Reddit. Check now vs. #7 Best Twilio Alternatives and Competitors (2024) - Latency, Pricing, Compliance, API Discover top 7 Twilio alternatives & competitors for 2024. Explore lower-cost options, compliance, and APIs. Join the discussion on Twilio alternatives Reddit. Check now Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. 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https://ruul.io/blog/lemonsqueezy-vs-gumroad#$%7Bid%7D | LemonSqueezy vs Gumroad – Feature & Fee Comparison 2025 Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up sell Lemon Squeezy vs Gumroad Compare LemonSqueezy and Gumroad for digital creators: fees, features, payment options, and best use cases in 2025. Aypar Yılmazkaya 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points Lemon Squeezy: For SaaS and subscription-focused sellers Gumroad: For simple, fast digital product sales Lemon Squeezy and Gumroad are the two MoR platforms for SaaS owners and digital product sellers. Stripe acquired Lemon Squeezy in 2024 and fully integrated its payment methods in 2025. Gumroad, on the other hand, increased its commission rates and started serving as MoR in 2024. After these changes, now is the right time to compare these two major competitors. I’ll focus directly on the things you actually care about: Refund policies, how much money you are charged, user experience and more. Let's go! 1. Target audience Lemon Squeezy and Gumroad are both platforms for freelancers, solopreneurs and digital content creators . The difference between them is what they focus on. Lemon Squeezy is better suited for selling SaaS software, managing complex subscriptions, etc. So if you have a SaaS product, it's better for you. Gumroad, on the other hand, targets beginners, those looking for simplicity, and digital content creators who want to sell more digital products. Still, selling SaaS on Gumroad is possible. But it's still useful to know what and who these platforms focus on. 2. Platform overview Before we jump into the actual comparison, I wanted to offer a quick comparison for our readers who don't have the time, and this table will help you get a rough idea. 3. Pricing and fees Lemon Squeezy deducts 5% + 50 cents per sale. Gumroad deducts 10% + 50 cents per sale. Honestly, Gumroad's rates were more than enough to shatter my heart. It won us over with its simplicity, but unfortunately, the pricing is a major downside. But do the rates stop there? No, I can't, because some fees are also kept secret. Commission fees may not bother you in the first sales period. Until you reach hundreds of sales. Shall we do some simple math? Let's take a scenario where you get 100 sales and $1000 profit. Lemon Squeezy will deduct $100 (excluding additional bank charges) Gumroad will deduct $150 (excluding bank charges) Note: As the number of sales increases, fixed fees (+ deduction per cent) "weigh". 4. Refunds & chargebacks Refund policies for digital products can be a bit tricky. I actually think sellers need more protection here. Why, because as you might imagine, digital products are more vulnerable to abuse and fraud. And also, are you aware of the bad consequences for your store, like the suspension of your account? Just imagine this scenario: You sold a digital product. The customer unfairly demanded a refund. They were refunded, but they still have access to the product. They also use stolen credit cards to buy goods from you, then demand a refund and convert the money on the credit card directly into cash. That’s why creators hate this whole refund loophole, and honestly, I totally get it. I also like that MoR platforms are taking the vendor’s side on this issue. So, what about Lemon Squeezy and Gumroad? In fact, both allow you to create your own return policies. You can proactively protect yourself by saying " No refunds ". Gumroad also offers a " partial refund " option (which can sometimes be useful for reconciliation). But there are some exceptions that even Gumroad and Lemon Squeezy can't intervene. And that's credit card processors. So if your client requests a refund through the bank, boom: chargeback. By the way, Lemon Squeezy can appeal and defend a refund claim on your behalf. But this may not be worth it, as it costs you $15 to initiate a dispute... (probably the product price is lower). And guess what, if the appeal is not successful, you lose 15 dollars in addition to the price of the product. Conclusion, In terms of return policies, Gumroad gives more control to the seller and has a compromise with partial refunds . Lemon Squeezy , on the other hand, takes an active role in the dispute process, but the $15 defense fee may cause you to suddenly see a negative balance on your store. 5. Fraud protection As you may have noticed, this topic is related to the previous one. I told you that your account can even be suspended due to chargebacks. So, do these platforms stand behind you, or do they leave you alone? First of all, what does a scam look like? Let me explain: Some malicious actors use stolen credit cards to create fake accounts on Gumroad or Lemon Squeezy. And then: They "pretend" to buy products with stolen cards. Then they request a refund. Their aim is to launder money or exploit the system to turn stolen credit card limits into cash. Lemon Squeezy uses AI software to protect sellers against these kinds of scams. If they notice an abnormal registration, a request for a refund, they block it, and obviously this is very important for you to feel safe. Gumroad also regularly checks for fraud detection, though they mention that it’s not a foolproof system. If Gumroad teams see an abnormal sale in your store, you will receive an email similar to the one below: Source I don't know if Gumroad has AI-powered detection software. Probably not. In that case, the fraud protection might not work as well as with Lemon Squeezy. Finally, no matter what, you have the right to do business on a trusted platform where you can protect yourself from scams, and I think you can do that on Lemon Squeezy and Gumroad (to some extent). 6. Tax compliance For those who don't know, one of the first things MoR platforms manage is sales taxes . They automatically calculate the VAT rate of the countries and include it in the sales price. This way, you don't need to do country-based research and manually edit product prices. And yes, both Lemon Squeezy and Gumroad are VAT tax compliant because they operate as MoR. But in my research, I couldn't see any significant difference between the two platforms in terms of tax compliance. Let me also clear up something many users misunderstand: MoR platforms only manage sales tax and invoicing. The money you earn from the platform is in the income tax category, and you need to declare it and pay your tax. In short, MoR manages the VAT on the product the customer buys. You manage the tax on the money you earn from the customer. 7. User experience User experience affects everything from speed to scalability. That's why it really matters how Gumroad's and Lemon Squeezy's interface makes you feel. The most obvious difference is that both are designed with vibrant colors, Gumroad looks more fun. Clicking on the site makes you want to sign up for it. But visuals are not everything. First of all, registering with Gumroad is really simple. You join immediately by email, and it gives you instructions on what to do to get started. First of all, registering with Gumroad is really simple. You join immediately by email, and it gives you instructions on what to do to get started. We've come to Lemon Squeezy. Here, too, an email and a password are enough for registration. But there is one difference from Gumroad: You realize that you are coming to a place that is professional and more scalable. When you log in, the first thing that greets you is a chart. Here you can access lots of data about your sales. Meanwhile, after signing up, you'll be asked for authentication and payment information to create your store. Once you've taken care of these typical processes, you can go to the “design page” to customize sections such as adding a logo and store name. My comparison: Gumroad is ideal for simplicity and a fast start. Lemon Squeezy is for professionalism and customizability. 8. Transition You may already be using one of these platforms and want to move. From Gumroad to Lemon Squeezy or from Lemon Squeezy to Gumroad. At times like these, you want to carry everything, but is it possible? You can move it from Gumroad to Lemon: Products Customers License keys But it is not possible to move subscriptions. And the sales data? Yes. The way to do this is to export the data from your Gumroad account in CSV format and send the file to hello[at]lemonsqueezy[dot]com. The data will arrive at your new store within 3 days. What about moving from Lemon Squeezy to Gumroad? The platform hasn't shared any information or guidance about this. If I wanted to transition, I would want to know how that would happen. Lemon Squeezy wins this round. Switching between platforms should be easy. Lemon Squeezy has done something about this, but it's not good that Gumroad doesn't have an informative guide (when digital migration is so common) 9. Getting paid Gumroad To get paid on Gumroad, you need to have earned a minimum of $10. There are two ways: Bank deposit, or PayPal. Currently, Gumroad does not support different payment methods such as Payoneer, Wise. Bank payments are only supported in 50 countries. To find out if your country is included in this list, click here . Payments on Gumroad are made on Fridays. Here is the payment schedule shared by the platform: Source If you've made a sale, 7 days must pass before the money is available. This means that payments include sales made up to the previous Friday. In addition, once your withdrawal request is processed, it takes 2-7 business days to reach the bank account and 1-3 business days to reach PayPal. Obviously, these are really long waiting times. Note: PayPal payments are charged a 2% transaction fee. US residents can also request instant payment with a 3% fee. Lemon Squeezy The minimum earning threshold on Lemon Squeezy is $50. As with Gumroad, you can get paid via bank and PayPal. Lemon Squeezy supports bank payment in over 130 countries and PayPal in over 200 countries. If your country does not have PayPal, you will not be able to receive payments . To check your country, click here . However, unlike Gumroad, the waiting time here is 13 days, not 7. In addition, it takes between 1-5 days for your money to arrive in your account after a payment request. Ruul is used in 190 countries and supports 140 currencies + crypto payments. It sends your money to your account in 1 day at the latest, without keeping you waiting for days. Disadvantages of getting paid from Lemon Squeezy and Gumroad If you're selling on these platforms as a supplementary income , waiting times, commissions, and various obstacles may not bother you. But I know that many freelancers and content creators want low commissions, fast and stable payouts. This makes Lemon Squeezy and Gumroad a "temporary" solution for freelancers who have dedicated their careers to freelancing. Some reasons for this 1. High commissions: From your income, 5/10% + 0.50 USD Bank commissions are deducted. These rates can be financially difficult for you in the long run. 2. No instant access to payments: Gumroad: Payments become available 7 days after the sale. Lemon Squeezy: This period is exactly 13 days . In addition, the 1-7 business day transfer process. If you need to pay your bill, if you have an urgent need for cash, having to wait for this period of time doesn't really fit the model of self-employment... Which is better for selling digital services? You can sell your digital services on both platforms. Freelancers, especially those who offer project-based services, can create a service package and send it to their client for purchase. Or if you are an instructor, you can offer your recorded training videos here. Some examples of digital services: Graphic Design (Logo design, social media visuals, banners, etc.) Software Development and Web Design (Custom software solutions, website setup, theme/plugin development) Content Writing and Translation (Article writing, blog posts, website texts, translation services) Digital Marketing and Consulting (SEO consultancy, social media management, ad campaign setup) Online Training and Coaching (Video lectures, live workshops, one-to-one coaching sessions) Video and Audio Production (Video editing, podcast editing, voiceover) There is no difference between the two platforms in terms of digital service coverage, but if commission rate is your priority, it wouldn't make much sense to go with Gumroad. Maybe you can try Lemon Squeezy for that. Which is better for selling SaaS and digital products? Both platforms can help you sell SaaS and digital products. But Lemon Squeezy gives you access to more comprehensive subscription fees because it focuses on SaaS growth. Otherwise, you might find Gumroad's features a bit limited. If your priority is simplicity and ease, Gumroad is also enough to sell digital products and launch your SaaS project. But think about how high commissions and scalability will affect you when your business grows. Because if you want to switch, you can't move subscriptions from Gumroad to Lemon Squeezy. To summarize If you're selling SaaS or care about fraud protection and licensing. Lemon Squeezy is a safer bet. If you’re a digital creator looking for a fast and simple way to sell e-books, courses, or art. Gumroad may still be the easiest way to start. Either way, understanding the actual cost and as you can see, the interface is clean, simple, and every button you would want to access is positioned on the left side. Products, sales, analytics, and payments... Nothing feels complicated here. is key before choosing. Why can Ruul be your best MoR platform? Focus on profits, not commissions. Ruul is one of the most powerful MoR solutions designed for freelancers, solopreneurs and digital content creators. Whether you provide freelance services, sell SaaS with license keys or downloadable digital products, Ruul's door is open. The best rate on the market : Commission is charged only per transaction. Don't wait for payment: 7 days on Gumroad, 13 days on Lemon Squeezy? At Ruul, your money is in your account in 1 day at the latest. Lightning fast: This system is designed for freelancers who deserve to get the most out of their money. Frequently asked questions What is a Merchant of Record? A Merchant of Record (MoR) is the entity responsible for processing your transactions, handling compliance, and collecting taxes on your behalf. Which platform is cheaper: Lemon Squeezy or Gumroad? With a 5% fee rate, Lemon Squeezy is a cheaper platform than Gumroad, which charges 10%. Can I migrate from Gumroad to Lemon Squeezy? Yes, but subscriptions cannot be transferred directly to Lemon Squeezy. Only products, customers, license keys and sales data can be transferred. Is Gumroad good for selling software subscriptions? It's affordable, but not as affordable as platforms like Lemon Squeezy and Paddle. Once your SaaS grows, you may have scalability issues. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Aypar Yılmazkaya Aypar Yılmazkaya is a product-oriented engineering manager with over a decade of experience. Leading technology and product teams, he brings successful projects to life. His areas of expertise include artificial intelligence and team management. More How Freelancers Can Benefit from Udemy Courses Effectively Learn how freelancers can boost their careers with Udemy courses and streamline their business tasks, from payments to taxes, for greater success and efficiency. Read more Freelancer Service: Online and Remote Working Opportunities Explore the world of freelancing with Ruul. Learn about different freelancing services, from writing and graphic design to web development and consulting. Join Ruul to streamline your workflow with secure invoicing and payment solutions. Sign up now and simplify your freelancing career. Read more Tackling The Challenges Of Working From Home Tips for working from home during the pandemic include creating a well-equipped home office, setting physical boundaries, making a shared schedule, dividing household chores, and encouraging solitary activities for kids. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. 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https://docs.github.com/en/issues | GitHub Issues documentation - GitHub Docs Skip to main content GitHub Docs Version: Free, Pro, & Team Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Select language: current language is English Search or ask Copilot Search or ask Copilot Open menu Open Sidebar GitHub Issues Home GitHub Issues Issues Learning about issues About issues Quickstart for GitHub Issues Planning and tracking work for your team or project Using issues Create an issue Adding sub-issues Creating issue dependencies Assign issues & PRs Editing an issue View all issues & PRs Browsing sub-issues Filter and search Create branch for issue Link PR to issue About slash commands Managing issue types Administering issues Triage an issue Pin an issue Marking issues or pull requests as a duplicate Transfer an issue Close an issue Deleting an issue Duplicate an issue Projects Learning about Projects About Projects Quickstart for Projects Best practices for Projects Creating projects Creating a project Copying a project Managing items in your project Adding items Converting draft issues Editing items Archiving items Understanding fields About text and number fields About date fields About single select fields About iteration fields About sub-issue fields About pull request fields About the issue type field Renaming custom fields Deleting custom fields Customizing views Changing the layout Customizing tables Customizing boards Customizing roadmaps Filtering projects Managing your views Automating projects Using built-in automations Automating with the API Automating with Actions Adding items automatically Archiving items automatically Viewing insights About insights for Projects Creating charts Configuring charts Managing your project Managing project visibility Managing project access Managing templates Closing and deleting projects Adding a project to a repo Adding a project to a team Exporting your project data Finding your projects Sharing project updates Labels and milestones Managing labels About milestones Create & edit milestones Add to milestones Filter by milestone View progress to milestone Guides GitHub Issues documentation Learn how you can use GitHub Issues to plan and track your work. Overview Quickstart View video transcript Start here View all Creating an issue Issues can be created in a variety of ways, so you can choose the most convenient method for your workflow. Quickstart for Projects Experience the speed, flexibility, and customization of Projects by creating a project in this interactive guide. Best practices for Projects Learn tips for managing your projects. Configuring issue templates for your repository You can customize the templates that are available for contributors to use when they open new issues in your repository. Popular About issues Learn how you can use GitHub Issues to track ideas, feedback, tasks, or bugs. About Projects Projects is an adaptable, flexible tool for planning and tracking work on GitHub. Creating a project Learn how to create an organization or user project. About issue and pull request templates With issue and pull request templates, you can customize and standardize the information you'd like contributors to include when they open issues and pull requests in your repository. Guides Changing the layout of a view You can view your project as a high-density table, as a kanban board, or as a timeline-style roadmap. @GitHub Linking a pull request to an issue You can link a pull request or branch to an issue to show that a fix is in progress and to automatically close the issue when the pull request or branch is merged. @GitHub Automating Projects using Actions You can use GitHub Actions to automate your projects. @GitHub Explore guides All GitHub Issues docs Tracking your work with issues Learning about issues • 3 articles Using issues • 12 articles Administering issues • 7 articles Planning and tracking with Projects Learning about Projects • 3 articles Creating projects • 2 articles Managing items in your project • 4 articles Understanding fields • 9 articles Customizing views in your project • 6 articles Automating your project • 5 articles Viewing insights from your project • 3 articles Managing your project • 7 articles Finding your projects Sharing project updates Using labels and milestones to track work Managing labels About milestones Creating and editing milestones for issues and pull requests Associating milestones with issues and pull requests Filtering issues and pull requests by milestone Viewing your milestone's progress Help and support Did you find what you needed? Yes No Privacy policy Help us make these docs great! All GitHub docs are open source. See something that's wrong or unclear? Submit a pull request. Make a contribution Learn how to contribute Still need help? Ask the GitHub community Contact support Legal © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Status Pricing Expert services Blog | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://ruul.io/blog/8-important-soft-skills-freelancers-need-to-have | 8 important soft skills freelancers need to have - Ruul Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up grow 8 important soft skills freelancers need to have Learn about the importance of soft skills in the freelance world and how cultivating communication, problem-solving, and positivity can help you become a successful freelancer. Mert Bulut 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points When you think of freelancing skills or most in-demand skills in today’s labor market, you often hear about programming. While programming is a good skill to have when looking for freelance work, there are other skill sets out there that can be just as profitable. Hard skills like programming are only a part of the puzzle when it comes to the freelancer tool kit.Increasingly, employers have recognized the need for soft skills in the workplace. Having the ability to work with a team and communicate is just as important as knowing how to write code. In this article, we’ll take a look at some of the best soft skills that freelancers need to have in today’s market. By cultivating these talents you’ll be a much more well-rounded candidate. What is a soft skill? So, what are soft skills? They can be defined as skill sets that are desirable for all possible professions. Rather than being technical skills that require certificates and training, these skills are more personal or even interpersonal. Often this means skill sets that reflect your personality and productivity , as well as how you navigate social networks.Hard skills aren’t the only skills that can pay the bills. Soft skills like communication, thinking creatively, and teamwork all have their place in the work environment. Just because you are a solo professional doesn’t mean you work alone. These are the best soft skills to learn as a freelancer. Effective communication skills Communication can be summed up as the act of giving information to someone else by various means. Chances are that there’s going to be a point in time where you’re going to have to do this for one of your jobs, regardless of the field you’re in. Being able to communicate effectively requires fine-tuning several little skills together.Communicating effectively leads to a clearer understanding and makes things smoother. From a business point of view, all transactions are a result of and require communication to facilitate the deal. Good communication skills also mean being able to impart information to clients and team members alike.Practicing good communication skills means practicing things like: being an active listener practicing empathy treating people with a level of respect understanding body language displaying confidence finding the right medium to communicate certain messages. While practicing all these little things may seem tedious, the reward will be well worth it. Problem-solving skills Autonomy as a freelancer has its perks, but it also means that you are going to have to figure things out for yourself. Having the skills to solve problems means that you can be more independent. It means having solutions to the difficult questions your team and your clients have.Having the ability to solve problems makes you an indispensable asset to whatever team you’re working with. Your peers or clients will be confident that whatever assignment you are given will be handled by someone who can assess complicated situations and come up with solutions . It also means that you’ll have a lot more leeway with your work because people trust that you can handle anything that comes your way.Proper problem-solving skills require someone who can analyze problems and also someone who can research to dig up information. You should also: Try being more knowledgeable about the technical details of your field Practicing solving problems will give you confidence. Be decisive with your decisions. Maintaining a positive approach While it may seem cliche on the surface, maintaining a positive approach is a great skill to have as a solo professional. It means that people are more willing to work with you. You’ll see opportunities that others don’t, and you’ll have the mindset to go and make it happen. You’ll notice a marked difference in your mindset when you look on the brighter side.Having an optimistic approach makes you more likely to apply for that freelancer gig instead of talking yourself out of it. It gives you the confidence to overcome obstacles rather than feeling defeated. It’ll keep you going even when dealing with your own mistakes, giving you the motivation to improve .Being positive means practicing positivity . You should do things like keeping stock of all the good things in your life, surrounding yourself with positive experiences, and pushing yourself to do more. Also, you should learn to be more forgiving of people to let go of extra baggage. Another key skill you can learn is learning how to deal with rejection or criticism . Being positive requires changing your outlook on things, but it will benefit you in the long run. Teamwork skills Teamwork makes the dream work. It’s very likely that even as a solo worker that you’ll be collaborating with a team when doing your work. That’s why it’s one of the best skills for freelance work. Having the ability to do well with others and excelling within your role is a great skill to have for freelance work.Collaboration is important for a variety of different reasons. It helps generate new ideas, it helps solve problems, and it supports morale. Being a part of this process and contributing to it is key to any sort of productive relationship. It also means that you’ll be more effective and supported when you’re part of a good team.Teamwork skills overlap with the skills required to communicate effectively. Effective teams communicate well, so having effective communication techniques is a big plus. Being able to perform your role confidently and reliably is another key aspect of being a good team member. Collaboration is a key aspect of business practices, so you should ensure that you can work well with your future teams. Ability to accept and learn from criticism Accepting criticism has to be one of the hardest skills to master in life, both professionally and personally. Somehow you must have the emotional maturity to separate the sting from the critique to hear advice that can make you a more productive worker. It’s not glamorous but it’s one of the most important skills you can master.Learning how to accept constructive criticism makes you better at your job. You’ll be able to learn from your mistakes and the wisdom of others. By being able to digest criticism and apply the suggestions in a meaningful way, you also show teammates, and any other actors you work with that you listen to their suggestions and take them seriously.The first step to improving how to accept criticism is about self-control . You’ll need to find ways to not take the critique personally and to manage your initial reaction. It’s important to be humble and not dwell on criticism. Once you can manage this, then find ways to process the actual criticism in a way that you can apply the advice if the critique was constructive. It’s hard to do, but learning how to handle criticism helps you get better at your craft. Stress management Managing stress is key for your professional development and your personal health. Professional life today is filled with enough problems that can cause the build-up of stress, leading to poor health and burnout. Freelance jobs, in particular, can be especially stressful for solo workers because of the added responsibilities you take on.Learning how to manage your stress is key to a productive career and a good life. There are several different methods to choose from such as meditation, going to the gym, or just decompressing after work. Find what process works best for you and build it into your schedule. Low-stress levels lead to a better working environment and less compromise in your life.Ways to practice managing your stress include; Finding ways to limit the accumulation of it (this might mean taking the extra time to organize your work or focusing on one task at a time to avoid headaches) Avoiding work conflicts that aren’t important Learning how to set boundaries between your work and your life Maintaining a positive attitude. And finding a way to balance your career and your personal life healthily. Managing creativity and innovation Freelancer jobs require having a certain degree of creativity and innovative thinking. Creativity comes in many fashions: making observations, connecting things, experimenting, and creating new things or processes. Creative and innovative skills are among the best skills to learn to make money.Creativity doesn’t just have to mean being a clever writer or making sketches. Creativity is a skill that other skills are built on. For example, being creative helps make you a better problem solver. Managing these skills and knowing where best to apply them can make you a more productive worker as well.While some people may be naturally creative, you can learn how to flex those muscles. Try taking different approaches to your tasks or charting them out in visible ways to see if you recognize different patterns. Exercise your brain regularly by reading, writing, or some other hobby that encourages thought. Something as simple as changing your environment can even be stimulating, so be sure to see what fits you. Leadership skills Leadership skills are some of the most profitable skills to learn. That’s because being a leader requires the combination of so many other skills and talents that it is difficult to master. Being a leader can take different forms, but it requires you to be able to organize people towards reaching a goal. Being a leader can mean being a visionary or a logistician or being a cheerleader, but it all has the same end goal.Being able to take command of a project or a situation is a great skill to have because it means things get done. It’s essential to any group or organization, uniting the workers while creating a good and productive environment. Good leadership is infectious in that it inspires other members of the team to be more productive, helping reinforce a positive environment.Leadership then should be included in the top in-demand freelance skills. Being a leader means being decisive and being responsible for your decisions. It also requires you to be an effective communicator and team-builder. You must also have the ability to demonstrate your ability to get results and solve problems. It’s not so much a single skill but many others rolled into one.That’s why practicing leadership skills requires you to take the lead on certain projects or in certain circumstances, especially when you have technical knowledge of the issue. You should then practice those other composite skills: team building, communication, problem-solving, teaching/mentoring, and targets. It’s probably the most difficult skill to master, but that’s why good leaders are in short supply. Applying these skills When you read articles about the “most in-demand skills for the future”, you’ll often encounter a list of hard skills that you should find online courses or workshops for. While it’s important to have the appropriate technical skills for your career, it’s equally important to develop your soft skills.These skills, unlike hard ones, are applicable regardless of your field. They are always useful and always in vogue. Most importantly they are real skills that you can train and develop given the resources and time. So, when considering if you have the right skill set for a job, take into account things like your ability to work within a team as well as do the job. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Mert Bulut Mert Bulut is an innate entrepreneur, who after completing his education in Management Engineering (BSc) and Programming (MSc), co-founded Ruul at the age of 27. His achievements in entrepreneurship were recognized by Fortune magazine, which named him as one of their 40 under 40 in 2022. More 5 top inspiring podcasts for freelancers Discover the best podcasts for freelancers to stay inspired and improve work-life balance. Listen real-life advice and tips from successful freelancers worldwide now! Read more Global Freelance Developer Rates Everyone talks about freelance developer rates without being specific. As a developer, if you need a guide to find your prices, here it is. Read more How to Accept Online Payments: A Comprehensive Guide for Businesses and Freelancers Learn how to set up and manage secure online payment systems for your business or freelance work. Discover popular payment methods, integration tips, security measures, and best practices to streamline transactions and boost efficiency. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. 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https://dev.to/yumyum116/why-print-can-cause-a-tle-even-with-an-efficient-algorithm-4f7e#lexical-analysis | Why print() Can Cause a TLE Even with an Efficient Algorithm - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse yumyum116 Posted on Jan 11 Why print() Can Cause a TLE Even with an Efficient Algorithm # python # programming Hi, everyone. This is yumyum116. This article is part of a series of how standard library functions work . I am glad that this will help beginners understand the underlying mechanisms behind these functions. This topic arose from a personal experience in which I encountered a TLE, despite using an efficient algorithm to solve the problem. After investigating, I discovered that the issue was caused by calling the print function too many times within the program . Based on this experience, this article explains how the print function works internally and why excessive use of it can lead to a TLE . 1. Example of a TLE Despite Using an Efficient Algorithm In this chapter, I introduce an example of a program that results in a TLE despite using an efficient algorithm. The program determines whether a given number is prime using the Sieve of Eratosthenes. At first glance, the algorithm itself is efficiet - but can you identify which part of the code causes of the TLE? For reference, the input number satisfies the following conditions: conditions: 1 < = n < = 380 , 000 1 <= n <= 380,000 1 <= n <= 380 , 000 1 < = a r r a y [ i ] < = 6 , 000 , 000 ( 1 < = i < = n ) 1 <= array[i] <= 6,000,000 (1 <= i <= n) 1 <= a rr a y [ i ] <= 6 , 000 , 000 ( 1 <= i <= n ) MAX_A = 6000000 def eratosthenes ( n ): is_prime = [ True ] * ( n + 1 ) is_prime [ 0 ] = is_prime [ 1 ] = False for i in range ( 2 , int ( n ** 0.5 ) + 1 ): if is_prime [ i ]: for j in range ( i * i , n + 1 , i ): is_prime [ j ] = False return is_prime n = int ( input ()) arr = [ int ( input ()) for _ in range ( n )] for i in range ( n ): print ( " prime " if is_prime ( arr [ i ]) else " not prime " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Next, I introduce a program that that fixes the TLE issue. MAX_A = 6000000 def eratosthenes ( n ): is_prime = [ True ] * ( n + 1 ) is_prime [ 0 ] = is_prime [ 1 ] = False for i in range ( 2 , int ( n ** 0.5 ) + 1 ): if is_prime [ i ]: for j in range ( i * i , n + 1 , i ): is_prime [ j ] = False return is_prime n = int ( input ()) arr = [ int ( input ()) for _ in range ( n )] is_prime_table = eratosthenes ( MAX_A ) out = [] for x in arr : out . append ( " prime " if is_prime_table [ x ] else " not prime " ) print ( " \n " . join ( out )) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In the next chapter, let's take a closer look at why the TLE happened. 2. What Happens Internally When Executing a Python Program Before diving into the main discussion, let's take a look at what actually happens when a Python program is executed. This section is a bit long, but understanding of this flow will help you build a deeper intuition about how Python programs work under the hood. At a high level, the execution flow looks like this: Execute a Python program. -- the python interpreter starts runnung -- Perform lexical analysis by breaking the source code into tokens. Generate a sequence of tokens. Parse the token sequence. Build an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST). Generate code objects from the AST. Compile the code objects into bytecode. Execute the bytecode on the Python virtual machine. -- the python interpreter completes execution -- Execute machine instructions on the CPU. Now, let's walk through a simple example. Consider the following Python program (1). # test.py print ( " Hi, how are you? " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Lexical Analysis When the Python interpreter runs test.py, it first performs lexical analysis. During this process, the source code is broken down into tokens such as Hi , , , how , are , you , and ? . Parsing Based on the tokens generated during lexical analysis, the interpreter builds a data structure called an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) through parsing. Let's take an actual look at the AST objects generated when executing test.py . $ python > import ast > tree = ast.parse('print("Hi, how are you?")') > > print(ast.dump(tree, indent=4)) Module( body=[ Expr( value=Call( func=Name(id='print', ctx=Load()), args=[ Constant(value='Hi, how are you?')], keywords=[]))], type_ignores=[]) > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If you want to better grasp the structure of an AST, using a sentence that includes mathematical expressions can be very helpful. However, that is beyond the scope of this article. Now, let's break down the generated AST. ① func=Name(id = 'print', ctx=Load()) This means the identifier print is loaded as a value. ctx , which is one of the arguments of the Name node, specifies how the identifier is used. It can be set to Store() when assigning a value, Load() when reading a value, or Del() when deleting an element. Structurally, this can be summarized as follows: A Name node is a parsing node that contains the following information: The presence of the identifier print in the source code. How the identifier is used in context (in this example, it is used as Load() ). ② args=[Constant(value='Hi, how are you?')] This represents a structural node that holds the value of an argument passed to a function. In computer science terms, this is an AST node that represents a string literal. For reference, the Constant node has been used since Python 3.8, whereas Str was used in earlier versions of Python (prior to 3.8). ③ Call(...) This node represents a function call statement and stores the following information: i. func - information about the called object ii. args - expressions to be evaluated as positional arguments iii. keywords - expressions to be evaluated as keyword arguments ④ Expr(...) This node represents an expression whose purpose is only to produce output. There are many other nodes at the same hierarchical level as Expr , each serving a different role. However, due to the scope of this article, I will introduce those nodes in a separate article. ⑤ Module(...) This node represents the root AST node of a .py file. As a supplement, body=[...] is a list of statements included in the source code, and type_ignores=[] stores additional information for type checkers. For example, it records the line numbers of comments that instruct the type checker to ignore type errors. Generate Code Objects from the AST In this step, the following processes are performed. ① Analyze the AST and perform the following tasks: (i) Determine whether each variable is local, global, or free. (ii) Register constants in the constant table. (iii) Build a code object for each function and class. ② Build the structural body of a PyCodeObject Ideally, the following elements are constructed as the internal structure of the code object. CodeObject { co_consts co_names co_varnames co_freevars co_cellvars co_flags co_code } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Generate bytecode After completing syntax analysis, the Python interpreter generates bytecode from the AST. During this process, a source file named compile.c is executed. This file implements the compiler that translates the AST into bytecode. The resulting bytecode is expressed as follows: >> import dis >>> dis.dis('print("Hi, how are you?")') 0 0 RESUME 0 1 2 PUSH_NULL 4 LOAD_NAME 0 (print) 6 LOAD_CONST 0 ('Hi, how are you?') 8 CALL 1 16 RETURN_VALUE Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This representation is close to programs written in assembly or machine language, and LOAD_NAME 0 corresponds to a single bytecode instruction. The full list of bytecode instructions can be found in opcode.h . From a computer science perspective, this process converts the AST into instructions for a stack machine by traversing the AST nodes. Conceptually, the following sequence of instructions is generated: co_code = [ LOAD_NAME print LOAD_CONST "Hi, how are you?" CALL 1 RETURN_VALUE ] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Through this process, the bytecode is transformed into a form that the virtual machine can interpret directly. Execute the bytecode on the Python virtual machine As I mentioned in the section Generate bytecode , the Python virtual machine is a type of stack machine , which primarily uses a stack during calculation. A stack is a data structure used to store values in such a way that new data is added on top of existing data. When data is removed, the most recently added value is taken first. This behavior is known as Last In, First Out(LIFO) . The bytecode generated by the Python interpreter is designed to be executed efficiently on a stack-based virtual machine. Below, you can see a simplified explanation of how the previously shown bytecode is executed. For clarify, some details are omitted, so this description is not perfectly precise, but it should help build intuition. Instruction Meaning RESUME 0 Represent the start of a function call PUSH_NULL Push NULL onto the stack to indicate that this is not a method call LOAD_NAME 0 (print) Push the value of the variable print onto the stack LOAD_CONST 0 ('Hi, how are you?') Push the value of the variable Hi, how are you? onto the stack CALL 1 Pop the number of values specified by the variable argc from the top of the stack, and call the corresponding callable object RETURN_VALUE Return to the original caller On the Python virtual machine, this bytecode is executed sequentially from the top, with each instruction performing operations that push the resulting Python objects onto the stack. Execute machine instructions on the CPU The CPU executes programs that have been loaded into memory. In the case of Python, the CPU executes the machine instructions that implement the Python virtual machine. Let me briefly explain what machine instructions are. Machine instructions represent operations using binary values composed of zeros and ones. For readability, hexadecimal notation is often used so that humans can more easily interpret them. If you are interested, you can open a .pyc file using a binary editor to see this representation yourself. In the case of test.py , the machine instructions would look like the following. Note that these are shown in hexadecimal for human readability and differ from the actual machine instructions executed directly by the CPU. Now, let's return to the main discussion. For example, the CALL 1 bytecode instruction corresponds to invoking a specific case in a switch statement in C, conceptually described as follows: switch (opcode){ case CALL: /* Call a function with the given arguments */ } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To describe the entire flow precisely -- from execution on the Python virtual machine to execution on the CPU --it can be summarized as follows: The CALL 1 instruction is read by CPython's C implementation, which branches to the corresponding case CALL: in a switch statement. The CPU then executes the machine instructions that implement that case CALL: within CPython itself. At the Python level, the callable function is written as print . However, the actual callable object is implemented in CPython's C code, specifically as builtin_print_impl . The above describes the complete flow of how a Python program is executed. 3. What Happens When the print Function Is Called? Now, let's take a closer look at the behavior of the print function. Briefly speaking, print is not part of the standard library--it is a built-in function . Built-in functions are implemented directly in CPython's C source code. You can find the function object for print in the CPython repository here . As mentioned in the previous section, the impolementation corresponding to print is builtin_print_impl . To keep the discussion focused, I will paste the relevant part of the original source code below. static PyObject * builtin_print_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *sep, PyObject *end, PyObject *file, int flush) /*[clinic end generated code: output=3cfc0940f5bc237b input=c143c575d24fe665]*/ { int i, err; if (file == Py_None) { PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET(); file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stdout)); if (file == NULL) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "lost sys.stdout"); return NULL; } /* sys.stdout may be None when FILE* stdout isn't connected */ if (file == Py_None) { Py_RETURN_NONE; } } if (sep == Py_None) { sep = NULL; } else if (sep && !PyUnicode_Check(sep)) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "sep must be None or a string, not %.200s", Py_TYPE(sep)->tp_name); return NULL; } if (end == Py_None) { end = NULL; } else if (end && !PyUnicode_Check(end)) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "end must be None or a string, not %.200s", Py_TYPE(end)->tp_name); return NULL; } for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args); i++) { if (i > 0) { if (sep == NULL) { err = PyFile_WriteString(" ", file); } else { err = PyFile_WriteObject(sep, file, Py_PRINT_RAW); } if (err) { return NULL; } } err = PyFile_WriteObject(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i), file, Py_PRINT_RAW); if (err) { return NULL; } } if (end == NULL) { err = PyFile_WriteString("\n", file); } else { err = PyFile_WriteObject(end, file, Py_PRINT_RAW); } if (err) { return NULL; } if (flush) { PyObject *tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(file, &_Py_ID(flush)); if (tmp == NULL) { return NULL; } Py_DECREF(tmp); } Py_RETURN_NONE; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When the print function is called, characters are displayed on the standard output through the following sequenc of steps: Execute Python source code. Compile the source code into Python bytecode. Execute the bytecode on the Cpython virtual machine. Invoke the built-in print function. Call file.write() . Call the C standard library function write() . -- The steps above are executed within the Python runtime layer .-- Invoke a system call handled by the operating system kernel. Output the characters to the standard output. The connection between these steps and the previous sections may not be immediately clear, so before explaining each operation in detail, I will first provide some additional context. The steps above describe the observable behavior at a high level, while the CPU is continuously executing instructions behind the scenes. From the CPU's perspective, the steps above can be described as follows: While executing the machine instructions that implement the CPython virtual machine, the CPU reaches a CALL instruction and invokes the machine instructions corresponding to the built-in print function. During this process, execution transitions through PyFile_WriteObject to FileIO.write , and finally to the write system call. Visually, the process can be illustrated as follows: CPU └─ CPython VM（machine instructions） └─ builtin print（machine instructions） └─ PyFile_WriteObject（machine instructions） └─ FileIO.write（machine instructions） └─ libc write（machine instructions） └─ kernel write（machine instructions） Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode With this overview in mind, let's move on to a detailed explanation of the entire execution flow of the print function. Invoke the Built-in print Function Here, the actual callable object is defined as follows: static PyObject * builtin_print_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *sep, PyObject *end, PyObject *file, int flush) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When this object is invoked, the following steps are executed: ① Receive the given arguments as PyObject* values. ② Interpret the sep , end , file , and flush parameters. ③ Determine the output destination ( file ), which defaults to sys.stdout . Invoke the file.write() method on the output file object In the following C implementation, the write method of the Python file object is invoked. PyFile_WriteObject(obj, file, Py_PRINT_RAW); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Within builtinmodule.c , which was introduced in the previous section, the following function corresponds to this behavior. PyFile_WriteObject(sep, file, Py_PRINT_RAW) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In effect, this is equivalent to calling sys.stdout.write(...) at the Python level. Invoke the standard library function write() Python's sys.stdout is composed of multiple layers of wrapper objects, as illustrated below. TextIOWrapper └─ BufferedWriter └─ FileIO Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The C implementation of FileIO.write() is located in Module/_io/fileio.c , and the function _io_FileIO_write_impl provides the low-level implementation of FileIO.write() . /*[clinic input] _io.FileIO.write cls: defining_class b: Py_buffer / Write buffer b to file, return number of bytes written. Only makes one system call, so not all of the data may be written. The number of bytes actually written is returned. In non-blocking mode, returns None if the write would block. [clinic start generated code]*/ static PyObject * _io_FileIO_write_impl(fileio *self, PyTypeObject *cls, Py_buffer *b) /*[clinic end generated code: output=927e25be80f3b77b input=2776314f043088f5]*/ { Py_ssize_t n; int err; if (self->fd < 0) return err_closed(); if (!self->writable) { _PyIO_State *state = get_io_state_by_cls(cls); return err_mode(state, "writing"); } n = _Py_write(self->fd, b->buf, b->len); /* copy errno because PyBuffer_Release() can indirectly modify it */ err = errno; if (n < 0) { if (err == EAGAIN) { PyErr_Clear(); Py_RETURN_NONE; } return NULL; } return PyLong_FromSsize_t(n); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ( source ) The function prototype is shown below: _Py_write(fd, buf, size) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode At this level, execution transitions from the Python layer to the C I/O layer. Invoke a System Call Handled by the Operating System Kernel. In the entire execution of the print function, this step is the most expensive. During a system call, the following operations occur: ① Transition from user space to kernel space. ② Perform a context switch. ③ Write to standard output within the operating system. Transition from User Space to Kernel Space This step means that the CPU switches its execution mode. User space is where ordinary applications, such as Python programs, CPython itself and standard libraries, run. Code in user space cannot directly access hardware devices or protected memory. Kernel space is where the operating system runs. Device operations, file I/O and process management are handled in this space. The print function must transition from user space to kernel space in order to perform device-related operations. You can think of this transition as occurring when a system call, such as write() , is invoked. Perform a Context Switch This step means that the CPU switches its execution context. There are two types of context switches. One is (A) a transition from user mode to kernel mode, as described above. The other is (B) a process switch, where the CPU switches from one process to another. In the case of the print function, the important context switch is (A). This mode transition caused by a system call is the primary reason why I/O operations are expensive. The Operating System Handles Standard Output Briefly speaking, this step sends an instruction to the operating system that says, "Write these characters to the file descriptor whose value is 1." (File descriptor 1 corresponds to standard output.) Conceptually, standard output is processed as follows. Execute sys_write(fd=1, buf) ↓ Resolve the file descriptor to an internal file structure ↓ Route the output to the corresponding device, file, or pipe ↓ Apply buffering if necessary Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To summarize this flow more simply: When print() is called, CPython invokes write() , which switches the CPU execution mode from user mode to kernel mode. The operating system then resolves the file descriptor with value 1 (standard output) and writes the data to the appropriate destination, such as a terminal, file, or pipe. These kernel-level operations and device I/O are significantly more expensive than the mode switch itself, which is why frequent calls to print() can easily become a performance bottleneck. Output Characters To the Standard Output The kernel sends the characters to the appropriate output destination , which in this case is the terminal. 4. The Cause of the TLE: Calling print Inside a for Loop First of all, thank you for staying with me up to this point. As stated in the heading, the cause of the TLE I encountered was the repeated use of the print function inside a for loop. More precisely, the implementation introduced in the first chapter, which is described below, triggers a TLE because print is executed on every iteration of the loop. for i in range(n): print("prime" if is_prime(arr[i]) else "not prime") Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Each time the loop variable i i i is incremented by 1 , the print function is called. As explained throughout this article, calling print involves kernel-level operations and device I/O. Executing these expensive operations on every iteration significantly degrades performance. For example, when the maximum input value of 380,000 is provided, the print() function is invoked 380,000 times. This workload is simply too heavy for the CPU and the operating system to handle efficiently. This example clearly demonstrates that--even when using an efficient algorithm--an inappropriate implementation choice can lead to disastrous performance under the given input constraints. Now, let's take another look at the revised program. out = [] for x in arr: out.append("prime" if is_prime_table[x] else "not prime") print("\n".join(out)) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No matter how large the input value is, collecting the output values in an array results in calling the print function only once. When you compare a single call to print with 380,000 calls, the difference in CPU workload becomes immediately clear. This experience taught me an important lesson: when you encounter a TLE despite using an efficient algorithm, suspect I/O operations . I hope this article has helped you gain a deeper understanding of what happens behind the scenes and why such performance issues occur. If you find any mistakes, please let me know through the feedback form. I will revise them as quickly as possible. See you again in the next article! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse yumyum116 Follow A beginner who wants to transit my career into software engineer. 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https://dev.to/fromaline/jsxelement-vs-reactelement-vs-reactnode-2mh2#-raw-jsxelement-endraw- | JSX.Element vs ReactElement vs ReactNode - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Nick Posted on Feb 14, 2022 JSX.Element vs ReactElement vs ReactNode # beginners # javascript # react # webdev React Internals (3 Part Series) 1 How does React allow creating custom components? 2 How do React Fragments work under the hood? 3 JSX.Element vs ReactElement vs ReactNode These three types usually confuse novice React developers. It seems like they are the same thing, just named differently. But it's not quite right. JSX.Element vs ReactElement Both types are the result of React.createElement() / jsx() function call. They are both objects with: type props key a couple of other "hidden" properties, like ref, $$typeof, etc ReactElement ReactElement type is the most basic of all. It's even defined in React source code using flow! // ./packages/shared/ReactElementType.js export type ReactElement = { | $ $typeof : any , type : any , key : any , ref : any , props : any , // ReactFiber _owner : any , // __DEV__ _store : { validated : boolean , ...}, _self : React$Element < any > , _shadowChildren : any , _source : Source , | }; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This type is also defined in DefinitelyTyped package . interface ReactElement < P = any , T extends string | JSXElementConstructor < any > = string | JSXElementConstructor < any >> { type : T ; props : P ; key : Key | null ; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode JSX.Element It's more generic type. The key difference is that props and type are typed as any in JSX.Element . declare global { namespace JSX { interface Element extends React . ReactElement < any , any > { } // ... } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This gives flexibility in how different libraries implement JSX. For example, Preact has its own implementation with different API . ReactNode ReactNode type is a different thing. It's not a return value of React.createElement() / jsx() function call. const Component = () => { // Here it's ReactElement return < div > Hello world! </ div > } // Here it's ReactNode const Example = Component (); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode React node itself is a representation of the virtual DOM. So ReactNode is the set of all possible return values of a component. type ReactChild = ReactElement | ReactText ; type ReactFragment = {} | Iterable < ReactNode > ; interface ReactPortal extends ReactElement { key : Key | null ; children : ReactNode ; } type ReactNode = | ReactChild | ReactFragment | ReactPortal | boolean | null | undefined ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode What to use for children ? Generally speaking, ReactNode is the correct way to type the children prop. It gives the most flexibility while maintaining the proper type checking. But it has a caveat, because ReactFragment allows a {} type. const Item = ({ children }: { children : ReactNode }) => { return < li > { children } </ li >; } const App = () => { return ( < ul > // Run-time error here, objects are not valid children! < Item > { {} } </ Item > </ ul > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode P.S. Follow me on Twitter for more content like this! React Internals (3 Part Series) 1 How does React allow creating custom components? 2 How do React Fragments work under the hood? 3 JSX.Element vs ReactElement vs ReactNode Top comments (2) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Nick Nick Nick Follow Co-founder of Chainspect Email grechino@protonmail.com Location Tbilisi Joined Jun 25, 2021 • Feb 14 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Check out React+Typescript Cheatsheets for more info. Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sohail Haider Sohail Haider Sohail Haider Follow Joined May 23, 2019 • Jul 3 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide But in React 18 intrinsic property of children won't work for FC from react. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Nick Follow Co-founder of Chainspect Location Tbilisi Joined Jun 25, 2021 More from Nick 10 Must-Have Tools for Every Developer in 2023 # ai # chatgpt # webdev # tooling My dream habit tracker # javascript # vue # pocketbase # webdev How do React Fragments work under the hood? # javascript # react # webdev # programming 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/colocodes/react-class-components-vs-function-components-23m6#Rendering | React: class components vs function components - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
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https://www.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/research-centers/center-energy-industrials.html?icid=disidenav_center-energy-industrials | Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials | Deloitte Insights Please enable JavaScript to view the site. Skip to main content --> Deloitte Insights and our research centers deliver proprietary research designed to help organizations turn their aspirations into action. 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For personalized content and settings, go to your My Deloitte Dashboard Latest Insights What do organizations need most in a disrupted, boundaryless age? More imagination. Article • 16-min read Recommendations TMT Predictions 2026: The AI gap narrows but persists Article • 9-min read About Deloitte Insights About Deloitte Insights Deloitte Insights Magazine, issue 33 Magazine Topics for you Business Strategy & Growth Leadership Operations Technology Workforce Economics Watch & Listen Dbriefs Stay informed on the issues impacting your business with Deloitte's live webcast series. Gain valuable insights and practical knowledge from our specialists while earning CPE credits. Deloitte Insights Videos Stay informed with content built for today’s business leaders. From data visualizations to expert commentary, our video content delivers concise, actionable information to help you lead with clarity in a complex world. Subscribe Deloitte Insights Newsletters Looking to stay on top of the latest news and trends? With MyDeloitte you'll never miss out on the information you need to lead. Simply link your email or social profile and select the newsletters and alerts that matter most to you. Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials The Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials combines rigorous research with industry-specific knowledge and practice-led experience to deliver compelling insights that can drive business impact. The path to AI computing for power companies crosses many platforms The AI economy may need more power than the current grid can deliver, but AI itself can help the industry meet the demand. Deloitte research shows how the power sector is building its tech infrastructure. Article • 2-min read Energy crossroads: Market uncertainty and AI are transforming the industry AI, resilience, and capital discipline are reshaping the US energy landscape. Discover how intelligence and discipline are driving transformation in 2026. Article • 3-min read From vision to value: A road map for enterprise transformation in manufacturing with agentic AI How can manufacturers harness agentic AI to help reshape their business and create value across their organizations? Article • 14-min read 2026 Energy, Resources, and Industrials Outlooks Collection Explore the key trends likely to impact the oil and gas, chemicals, power and utilities, renewables, aerospace and defense, manufacturing, and engineering and construction sectors in 2026, in our latest energy, resources, and industrials outlooks Explore the collection 2026 Engineering and Construction Industry Outlook In the face of a dynamic mix of challenges and opportunities, resilience and a willingness to innovate can help companies position themselves for success in 2026 9-min read 2026 Chemical Industry Outlook As demand slows in 2026, chemical companies pursue profitability, resilience, and transformation amid overcapacity and uncertainty 9-min read 2026 Manufacturing Industry Outlook Renewed strategic focus and targeted technology investments could be essential to maintaining a competitive edge in 2026 9-min read 2026 Aerospace and Defense Industry Outlook The aerospace and defense sector is entering a new phase of expansion, driven by advancements in AI, digital sustainment, and increasing demand across both commercial and defense markets 9-min read Dive deeper into your sector Aerospace & defense 2026 Aerospace and Defense Industry Outlook Article • 9-min read Chemicals & specialty materials US energy and chemicals workforce: Transforming for a resilient future Article • 3-min read Engineering & construction The future of the digital customer experience in industrial manufacturing and construction Article • 21-min read Industrial manufacturing Enhancing supply chain resilience in a new era of policy Article • 18-min read Mining & metals Tracking the Trends 2025 Article Oil & gas 2026 Oil and Gas Industry Outlook Article • 9-min read Power & utilities 2026 Power and Utilities Industry Outlook Article • 9-min read Renewable energy 2026 Renewable Energy Industry Outlook Article • 9-min read About the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials The Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials combines rigorous research with industry-specific knowledge and practice-led experience to deliver insights that can drive business impact. The energy, resources, and industrials industry is the nexus for building, powering, and securing the smart, connected world of tomorrow. Our research uncovers opportunities that can help businesses thrive. Read about our industry service offerings Get in touch with us @DeloitteUS Get in touch with our research team Kate Hardin Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials | Executive director | Deloitte Services LP Kate Hardin Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials | Executive director | Deloitte Services LP United States Kate Hardin is the executive director of the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials. In tandem with the center leadership, Hardin drives energy research initiatives and manages the execution of the center’s strategy as well as its eminence and thought leadership. khardin@deloitte.com +1 617 437 3332 Clayton Wilkerson Chief of staff Clayton Wilkerson Chief of staff United States Clayton Wilkerson, chief of staff for Deloitte Services LP's Research Center for Energy and Industrials, is a dynamic industry development leader with over 20 years experience, boasting a proven track record reflected in my expertise, skills and accomplishments in leading-edge, research and insights, learning and development, talent acquisition, and training implementation. Articulate and knowledgeable leader recognized for developing, supporting, and implementing productivity initiatives, business strategy, activities, processes, systems, and tools that lead to the achievement of productivity targets. cwilkerson@deloitte.com Anshu Mittal Research leader, Oil & gas Anshu Mittal Research leader, Oil & gas India Anshu Mittal is a senior vice president in Deloitte’s research and insights team and the US-India office’s research and insights leader. With nearly 20 years of experience in the energy and resources industry, he has advised governments and companies on policy-, regulatory-, strategy-, and transaction-level issues across the energy value chain. ansmittal@deloitte.com +91 990 854 9995 Jaya Nagdeo Research manager, Power, utilities & renewables Jaya Nagdeo Research manager, Power, utilities & renewables India Jaya Nagdeo is a manager with Deloitte Services India Pvt. Ltd., and is part of the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials. She has more than 11 years of experience in strategic and financial research across all power utilities and renewable energy subsectors and has contributed to many studies in the areas of energy transition, business strategy, digital transformation, operational performance, and market landscape. jnagdeo@deloitte.com John Morehouse Research leader, Industrial products manufacturing John Morehouse Research leader, Industrial products manufacturing United States John Morehouse is the Industrial Products Manufacturing research leader in the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials. With more than 25 years of experience in manufacturing-related roles across industry, academia, and government, Morehouse enjoys leveraging his expertise in research, engineering, and business to assist companies in innovating their products, processes, and workforce, and fostering the development of manufacturing ecosystems. jmorehouse@deloitte.com Ashlee Christian Research manager, Energy & chemicals Ashlee Christian Research manager, Energy & chemicals United States Ashlee Christian leads Energy & Chemicals projects at the Deloitte Research Center for Energy and Industrials, with a focus on natural gas, LNG, chemicals, and pathways to sustainability. She has 15 years of experience in research, market analysis, business development, and management consulting in the Energy sector. aschristian@deloitte.com Carolyn Amon Research leader, Power, utilities & renewables Carolyn Amon Research leader, Power, utilities & renewables United States Carolyn Amon leads Power, Utilities & Renewables’ projects at the Deloitte Research Center for Energy and Industrials, where she focuses on decarbonization strategies. She has 20 years of experience delivering international advisory services and developing thought leadership across the Energy, Electric Vehicle, and Manufacturing sectors. She is passionate about empowering people to partake in the energy transition to a net-zero world. caamon@deloitte.com +1 571 814 6979 Kruttika Dwivedi Research manager | Industrial products and construction Kruttika Dwivedi Research manager | Industrial products and construction India Kruttika Dwivedi, a research manager with the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials at Deloitte Support Services India Private Limited, has supported several industrial products research studies focused on areas such as the future of work, the Internet of Things, and talent management. She has nearly nine years of experience in advanced statistical analysis and strategic research. Dwivedi holds an MBA with a specialization in marketing research. krdwivedi@deloitte.com +91 40 6670 81384 Scott Welch Research leader, Industrial products and construction Scott Welch Research leader, Industrial products and construction United States Scott Welch is the research leader for both aerospace and defense and engineering and construction in the Deloitte Research Center for Energy & Industrials. He has over 20 years of experience in developing data-driven insights and translating complex market trends into compelling thought leadership across multiple sectors and geographies. Before joining Deloitte, Welch served in several business insights leadership roles at another Big Four. His research and thought leadership have been cited in prominent media outlets, including Bloomberg , Forbes , CNBC , and the Urban Land Institute. scwelch@deloitte.com Shih Yu (Elsie) Hung Research manager, Power, utilities & renewables Shih Yu (Elsie) Hung Research manager, Power, utilities & renewables United States Elsie Hung is the research manager for power, utilities, and renewables at the Deloitte Research Center for Energy and Industrials. She brings 10 years of experience driving interdisciplinary energy policy research with a primary focus on the Electric Reliability Council of Texas and the broader electricity sector. Before joining Deloitte, Hung served as research manager at the Center for Energy Studies at the Baker Institute for Public Policy in Houston, Texas. elhung@deloitte.com What we’re reading Insights from across our network Enjoy these timely insights from other Deloitte research centers and subject matter leaders, selected for you by our research team. US Natural Gas Market Analysis & LNG Outlook | Deloitte US Comprehensive analysis of US natural gas market trends, LNG export outlook, and industry forecasts. Expert insights for energy professionals and stakeholders. Collection 2025 Smart Manufacturing and Operations Survey: Navigating challenges to implementation Smart factories boost agility, attract talent, and increase productivity. What challenges, technologies, and practices are shaping Industry 4.0 today? Article • 12-min read Deloitte's research centers Explore the featured content below or visit the research centers’ publications for more insights Cross-industry issues Designing the C-suite for generative AI adoption Article • 6-min read Explore by topic Workforce trends Enterprise growth & innovation Technology & transformation Environmental & social issues Economics Global Weekly Economic Update Series • 7-min read Explore by topic Consumer spending Housing Business investment Globalization & international trade Fiscal & monetary policy Sustainability, equity & climate Labor markets Prices & inflation Consumer ConsumerSignals collection Collection EXPLORE BY sector Automotive Consumer products Food Retail, wholesale & distribution Hospitality & airlines Transportation Energy & industrials 2026 Energy, Resources, and Industrials Outlooks Collection Explore by sector Aerospace & defense Chemicals & specialty materials Engineering & construction Industrial manufacturing Mining & metals Oil & gas Power & utilities Renewable energy Financial services Harnessing gen AI in financial services: Why pioneers lead the way Article • 6-min read Explore by sector Banking & capital markets Commercial real estate Insurance Investment management Government & public services Government's Future Frontiers Collection Explore by sector Defense, security & justice Government health State & local government Whole of government Transportation & infrastructure Human services Higher education Life sciences & health care Advancing health through alternative sites of care Article • 12-min read Explore by sector Hospitals, health systems & providers Pharmaceutical manufacturers Health plans & payers Medtech and health tech organizations Tech, media & telecom 2025 Digital Media Trends: Social platforms are becoming a dominant force in media and entertainment Article Explore by sector Technology Media & entertainment Telecommunications Semiconductor Sports Explore Deloitte Insights Helping future-focused leaders navigate what's next RELEVANT INSIGHTS Making waves: How Gen Zs and millennials are prioritizing—and driving—change in the workplace Article • 6-min read Unlocking the power of AI Article • 10-min read Reimagine your tech talent strategy: Talent, not technology, may be your secret weapon Article • 14-min read CONNECT AND EXPLORE Videos Discover a world of insights with our video content. 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https://ruul.io/blog/how-to-price-freelance-graphic-design-work | How to Get the Best Freelance Graphic Design Pricing? Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up get paid How to Price Freelance Graphic Design Work Read on to learn how to set the right price for your freelance graphic design services. Price your services the right way! Mert Bulut 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points Your choice of the appropriate cost for your graphic design task will determine your success as a freelancer. Pricing may be a challenging task as it calls for juggling your goal to make your business profitable with what your clients are willing to spend. Pricing your work too low might make it tough for you to pay your expenses; pricing it too high may turn off potential clients. This blog will guide you through the pricing process so that your prices properly reflect your credentials, experience, and value. Appreciating the Value of Your Work Pricing your graphic design work begins with appreciating the value you provide for clients. Not just about creating visually beautiful things, graphic design is about addressing problems, enhancing brand recognition, and helping businesses to reach their goals. The more value your work gives a client, the more properly you might justify charging higher fees. Consider how your designs will impact the business of your customer. For a company, a well-designed logo or website might significantly improve its brand image, draw more customers, and increase income. Your pricing should show the value of this impact. This value should let your clients know they are paying for the benefits your work will provide for their business instead of just for your time. Reviewing Your Experience and Competency Your degree of experience and the nature of your employment define most of your fees. As a rookie, you might have to set cheaper prices to attract clients and construct your portfolio. However, you may gradually increase your costs as your portfolio grows and you gain more expertise to more fairly reflect your improved credentials and reputation. If you work in a specialized field or have particular expertise, you might potentially charge extra. For instance, clients in a subject like technology or healthcare might value your expertise more if you specialize in designing for a certain area. Higher cost might also be justified by any honors, certifications, or notable career achievements. Analyzing the Market Establishing reasonable rates requires market research and knowledge of what other freelancing graphic designers are charging for similar work. This will provide you a basis to help with price positioning. You may research costs by looking via freelance job sites, networking with other designers, or even conducting surveys among potential clients. Although knowing what others are invoicing is useful, avoid basing your charges only on what the market is used to accepting. Your pricing should reflect work quality, special value proposition, and business goals. Should your work stand out or you provide a special service, be sure not to hesitate to charge more than the normal rate. Choosing a Pricing Method Your price choices as a freelance graphic designer are minimal. Among the most regularly used ones are hourly rates, project-based pricing, and value-based pricing. Calculation of hourly rates is fast and easy. You pay a defined hourly rate just for each hour worked. This method works well for projects with unclear or predicted shifting scope. However, hourly rates may sometimes undervalue your labor if you're quite excellent at what you do. Under project-based pricing, the set cost for the whole effort is established independent of project duration. Well specified projects will find this approach ideal as it informs consumers of the total upfront cost. Being effective also rewards you as you could do the work quicker without reducing your revenue. Value-based pricing stresses to the client the value your job offers above project scope or time commitment. Should your design efforts significantly impact the client's business, you may set different pricing based on the results. This strategy demands complete customer awareness of goals and courage to charge premium prices. Overheads and Expense Factoring Establishing your prices should include the running costs of your freelance business. This includes any extra overheads, taxes, tools, marketing expenses, software subscriptions, etc. Your rates should cover these costs as well as provide you a profit that will enable your freelance business to remain viable. Consider also the time spent on non-billable tasks such revisions, client communication, and administrative activities. These are part of your work and should be incorporated into your budget even if they have nothing to do with the creative process. Once your rates are known, you have to make sure your customers exactly understand them. Share your actual pricing and ensure no unspoken costs exist. When discussing charges with clients, stress the value you are providing instead of just the cost. Help them to understand how your work will help them to achieve their business objectives and the benefits of it. Should a consumer attempt to negotiate your costs, be ready to explain your pricing structure and defend your worth. While discounts for long-term projects or loyal consumers are OK, avoid undervaluing your offerings solely to get a contract. Remember, the clients that really value your expertise and skills will be willing to pay what you are worth. This can be helpful to create a freelance graphic design pricing range for your work. Gradual Rate Changing Change your rates without thinking twice; as your knowledge and capacity grow, so will your charges. Reviewing your rates usually ensures that your costs remain fair and accurate for the given service. If you recently completed well-publicized projects, obtained certifications, or received excellent client remarks, you could be justified in raising your costs. Finally, having a freelance graphic design price list can help in understanding how much do freelance graphic designers charge . Growing your freelancing business might be challenging as it depends on continual communication of price adjustments to present clients. Give your consumers adequate time and explain the rationale behind the proposed tariffs before applying them. Most clients will understand and value the quality and expertise your rates reflect for their projects. Learning about what is the best graphic design software or how to send an invoice to get paid can help you at this point as a designer. Moreover, using the Ruul platform helps you to streamline your invoicing and pricing system. Ruul allows you to create professional invoices that exactly display your rates. From freelance paid in crypto tips to getting your first client topics, you can find many helpful examples in our blogs. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Mert Bulut Mert Bulut is an innate entrepreneur, who after completing his education in Management Engineering (BSc) and Programming (MSc), co-founded Ruul at the age of 27. His achievements in entrepreneurship were recognized by Fortune magazine, which named him as one of their 40 under 40 in 2022. More Benefits of coworking spaces and how to make the best of them Unlock the benefits of coworking spaces and maximize your productivity. Discover how to thrive in collaborative environments! Read more Ruul business interviews: meet Tufan from GrowthYouNeed Join Ruul Business Interviews: Meet Tufan from GrowthYouNeed. Gain insights into growth strategies and business success! Read more IR35: Ultimate guide to UK’s new tax law for businesses & contractors Master the ins and outs of IR35 with our ultimate guide for businesses and contractors. Stay compliant and protect your income! Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. 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https://share.transistor.fm/s/bfcf3f0f#goodpods-path-1 | APIs You Won't Hate | Secure your APIs or why so much data was available from Parler. APIs You Won't Hate 40 ? 30 : 10)" @keyup.document.left="seekBySeconds(-10)" @keyup.document.m="toggleMute" @keyup.document.s="toggleSpeed" @play="play(false, true)" @loadedmetadata="handleLoadedMetadata" @pause="pause(true)" preload="none" @timejump.window="seekToSeconds($event.detail.timestamp); shareTimeFormatted = formatTime($event.detail.timestamp)" > Trailer Bonus 10 40 ? 30 : 10)" class="seek-seconds-button" > 40 ? 30 : 10"> Subscribe Share More Info Download More episodes Subscribe newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyFeedUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Copied to clipboard Apple Podcasts Spotify Pocket Casts Overcast Castro YouTube Goodpods Goodpods Metacast Amazon Music Pandora CastBox Anghami Anghami Fountain JioSaavn Gaana iHeartRadio TuneIn TuneIn Player FM SoundCloud SoundCloud Deezer Podcast Addict Share newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyShareUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Share Copied to clipboard newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyEmbedHtml()" class="form-input-group" > Embed Copied to clipboard Start at Trailer Bonus Full Transcript View the website updateDescriptionLinks($el))" class="episode-description" > Chapters January 20, 2021 by APIs You Won't Hate View the website Listen On Apple Podcasts Listen On Spotify Listen On YouTube RSS Feed Subscribe RSS Feed RSS Feed URL Copied! Follow Episode Details Phil, Mike and Matt are back at it! After a break because of holidays, timezones, a pandemic, elections and more caused us to pivot to taking care of ourselves, we got together at the early hour of 7am CST (UTC-6) so we could get back on this horse! We break down what happened with Parler, why people were able to grab their data so easily and some tips to help you avoid this situation. Show Notes Phil, Mike and Matt sit down to talk about Parler and why their APIs were so great for hacktivists who wanted to make sure that the data was never lost. We talk about degraded services and circuit breakers, two big things that probably could have kept the data from being exposed as well as stripping files of EXIF data from uploaded images. We also venture into the topic of what is the role of service providers and social media going forward. Sponsors: Stoplight makes it possible for us to bring you this podcast while we nerd out about APIs. Check them out for their tooling around documentation with Studio, an app that makes API documentation an absolute joy to work with. Show Notes: Auto-incrementing IDs - Giving your data away HTTP/REST API File Uploads How Parler's Data Was Harvested A transcript is currently being made and we will update the description as soon as we get them. Creators and Guests Host Mike Bifulco Cofounder and host of APIs You Won't Hate. Blogs at https://mikebifulco.com Into 🚴♀️, espresso ☕, looking after 🌍. ex @Stripe @Google @Microsoft What is APIs You Won't Hate? A no-nonsense (well, some-nonsense) podcast about API design & development, new features in the world of HTTP, service-orientated architecture, microservices, and probably bikes. All audio, artwork, episode descriptions and notes are property of APIs You Won't Hate, for APIs You Won't Hate, and published with permission by Transistor, Inc. Broadcast by | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://apisyouwonthate.com/blog/creating-openapi-from-http-traffic#/portal/signup | Creating OpenAPI from HTTP Traffic Newsletter Articles Books Podcast Membership Sign in Subscribe Creating OpenAPI from HTTP Traffic Phil Sturgeon 01 Jan 2022 — 6 min read Around this time of year we're thinking about things we're going to do differently, new practices we've been putting off for too long, and mistakes we want to avoid continuing into another year. For many of us in the API world, that is going to be switching to API Design-first , using standards like OpenAPI to plan and prototype the API long before any code is written. More organizations are switching to API Design-first with OpenAPI , thanks to huge efforts from tooling vendors - from the bigger folks: Stoplight and Postman , to the smaller open-source OpenAPI tools - making it far easier to do. Sadly, there's an awkward position many of us are stuck in. We have an API that we built years ago, and now our DevRel team want OpenAPI-based API Reference documentation, the API governance team want OpenAPI to be included in the pull request for any code change, the testing team want our OpenAPI to set up end-to-end contract testing, but we don't have any OpenAPI... AGH! We wrote before about some slightly hacky ways to create OpenAPI from things like Postman Collections, using JSON to JSON Schema converters, and a whole lot of mucking about, but thankfully these days there are far nicer solutions around. One especially smooth tool is Akita ! Akita is an observability tool, which can sniff HTTP traffic, and build models of your data. Once it's done that, it can create a graph of all your APIs to give insight into a system, intelligently catch and communicate breaking changes, and various other handy things. We're going to use just part of it's power to create OpenAPI for an API after it's already been deployed to production, so that we can use API Design-first for any new functionality going forwards. Looking for a example wasn't hard. I'd made this mistake myself earlier in the year. We rushed an API for Protect Earth . There was no need to design the API because it had to match a contract defined by an existing tree-planting partner, so we just copied some of their JSON, and coded to that rough shape hoping for the best. Of course this rush blew up in our face immediately. The first consumer integration was a lot of awful trial-and-error which took ages, and when the second consumer they didn't have any documentation. I know I know. The mechanic’s car is always broken... So let's get on with it. We could install the Akita Client anywhere, maybe pop it on a staging/production servers to detect that traffic, but installing on a laptop is easier for this workflow: running a proxy, sniffing requests/responses for https://api.protect.earth/ , and importing into Akita. This is documented nicely on Akita's docs site , but lets focus on the specific bits for this workflow. Step 1: Setup Akita Client locally Head over to akitasoftware.com and click Join Beta. Maybe it's already out so click Register, just get yourself an account somehow. Now we can install the akita-cli client. On macOS that'll be a brew install, and for everything else theres docs . brew tap akitasoftware/akita && brew install akita-cli When that's installed, use the akita login command to log in. You'll want to go fishing for your API Key which is in Settings on the Akita dashboard. akita login API Key ID: apk_0000000000000000000000 API Key Secret: ****************************** Login successful! API keys stored in ${HOME}/.akita/credentials.yaml Step 2: Man in the Middle Proxy In order to intercept the HTTP traffic going to an encrypted website ( https:// ) we can use the free tool mitmproxy , which is another brew install. brew install mitmproxy Then, we'll want to grab the har_dump.py script from mitmproxy which will turn intercepted traffic on their proxy into a HAR (HTTP Archive format) file . wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy/master/examples/contrib/har_dump.py Ready for action. Step 3: Using the proxy In one terminal session, run the proxy server with the har_dump.py script loaded up, and dump.har set so the HAR file will be saved locally. mitmdump -s ./har_dump.py --set hardump=./dump.har If it's working, the proxy will run on localhost:8080 so you can use that as a proxy in whatever http client. Maybe you're one of those folks who can remember how curl works. curl -D - -k --proxy localhost:8080 https://api.protect.earth/v1/orders/c36916f7-7591-47e5-b069-f983b9c0f320 That will make requests to the https://api.protect.earth/v1/orders/{uuid} endpoint of the Protect Earth API, pass the request and response through mitmproxy, and write the output to dump.har . Doing all of this in curl was a bit of a mess so I grabbed Insomnia and clicked around the API a bit, hitting as many resources and collections as possible, so the OpenAPI is based on a superset of all the data it's seen, instead of just the one JSON representation. Step 4: Converting HAR to OpenAPI There are a lot of tools out there to convert a HAR to OpenAPI, but some of them are old, some of them are bad, and most of them are both. Akita is fantastic at doing this, and can handle all nullable, optional, polymorphic, and generally funny shaped data! It'll take a stab at noticing formats of strings, all of which saves you time from filling all this in manually. The akita apispec command can import dump.har to your service, and give it a name. The service was protect-earth and the spec was just called mySpec because that's what the docs said and it doesn't seem to matter. akita apispec --traces dump.har --out akita://protect-earth:spec:mySpec The Services page in Akita should now be aware of the service you just uploaded. Click on that and there will be a list of endpoints its aware of, with parameters used to avoid duplicating endpoints for different UUIDs or other parameters as other tools often do. Those endpoints have all their metadata associated in Akita, which means it's ready for exporting as OpenAPI through the web interface. The OpenAPI document will be created as YAML, and at time of writing is producing OpenAPI v3.0. Ideally it would soon be updated to OpenAPI v3.1, but the differences are not huge and can be changed manually . Once you've got this OpenAPI YAML document you can shove it into your Git repo to live alongside your code. It might not be perfect, but you can hook that Git repo up to a web-based OpenAPI editor like Stoplight Platform , or a local file editor like Stoplight Studio, or just manually wrangle the YAML in your favourite text editor. However you go about it, you can tidy up the OpenAPI document according to your preferences, and publish the docs when you're done. How you might chose to tidy up the OpenAPI is another article for another day, but getting some OpenAPI without having to manually wrangle it all by hand is a huge timesaver. More importantly it's likely to help API teams get on board with any organization-wide push for API Design-first, or any other API Program or workflow that requires OpenAPI. Now, I'm off to plan out a new endpoint for the Protect Earth API using the design-first approach, so I can give multiple consumers a mock endpoint to hit to see if it'll work for them, before I bother writing up a bunch of code I'll only have to change later based on their feedback. Read more Design First, AI Never In the age of vibe-coding, how can we convince teams to invest in design before building APIs? Also in this newsletter: OpenAPI 3.3, Reddit's microservices architecture, an update to Speakeasy for OpenApi 3.2.0, and more! By Alexander Karan 15 Dec 2025 Zero-Downtime Migration from Laravel Vapor to Laravel Cloud Move your Laravel API from Vapor to Cloud in phases, without making a complete hash of it and wishing you never bothered. By Phil Sturgeon 08 Dec 2025 NestJS: Bad, or Really Bad? 😉 In this newsletter: the Resty library for APIs in Golang, a new Bruno release, an interview with Kin Lane, and API Schema Automation for devs By Alexander Karan 01 Dec 2025 Building a Sustainable Future in APIs with Kin Lane Kin Lane drops by to talk to Phil Sturgeon about his new startup, the changing landscape of API tech, why REST fundamentals are still important, and building sustainable API tools. By Mike Bifulco 01 Dec 2025 Sign up About Powered by Ghost Are you ready to build APIs You Won't Hate? Join now to subscribe to our twice-monthly newsletter, access to our Slack Channel, and other subscriber benefits. Unsubscribe any time. Subscribe | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://share.transistor.fm/s/56abc057#copya | APIs You Won't Hate | The API Handyman Cometh APIs You Won't Hate 40 ? 30 : 10)" @keyup.document.left="seekBySeconds(-10)" @keyup.document.m="toggleMute" @keyup.document.s="toggleSpeed" @play="play(false, true)" @loadedmetadata="handleLoadedMetadata" @pause="pause(true)" preload="none" @timejump.window="seekToSeconds($event.detail.timestamp); shareTimeFormatted = formatTime($event.detail.timestamp)" > Trailer Bonus 10 40 ? 30 : 10)" class="seek-seconds-button" > 40 ? 30 : 10"> Subscribe Share More Info Download More episodes Subscribe newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyFeedUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Copied to clipboard Apple Podcasts Spotify Pocket Casts Overcast Castro YouTube Goodpods Goodpods Metacast Amazon Music Pandora CastBox Anghami Anghami Fountain JioSaavn Gaana iHeartRadio TuneIn TuneIn Player FM SoundCloud SoundCloud Deezer Podcast Addict Share newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyShareUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Share Copied to clipboard newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyEmbedHtml()" class="form-input-group" > Embed Copied to clipboard Start at Trailer Bonus Full Transcript View the website updateDescriptionLinks($el))" class="episode-description" > Chapters March 24, 2020 by APIs You Won't Hate View the website Listen On Apple Podcasts Listen On Spotify Listen On YouTube RSS Feed Subscribe RSS Feed RSS Feed URL Copied! Follow Episode Details Phil and Matt are joined by a special guess, Arnaud Lauret, better known on the internet at API Handyman. Show Notes Phil and Matt, both in a loose definition of isolation, find time to talk to Arnaud Lauret ( https://twitter.com/apihandyman ) and talk about API Design and Review. We discuss why you should spend time designing and reviewing your API and the process of reviewing API Designs before the code is written. We also ask Arnaud what he looks for while reviewing, the tools he uses to review API design docs and then Phil starts dreaming up what the ideal API Review tooling looks like. We also talk about life in quarantine, as France completely shut down and how Phil made it back in time to England before the lock downs took place. Sponsors: Stoplight makes it possible for us to bring you this podcast while we nerd out about APIs. Check them out for their tooling around documentation with Studio, an app that makes API documentation an absolute joy to work with. Links: https://twitter.com/apihandyman - Arnaud's Twitter https://bit.ly/designwebapis - The Design of Web APIs by Arnaud Lauret https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Design_of_Everyday_Things - The Design of Everyday Things by Don Norman http://apihandyman.io/ - Arnaud's blog http://apistylebook.com/ - API Stylebook, a collection of API style guides Creators and Guests Host Mike Bifulco Cofounder and host of APIs You Won't Hate. Blogs at https://mikebifulco.com Into 🚴♀️, espresso ☕, looking after 🌍. ex @Stripe @Google @Microsoft What is APIs You Won't Hate? A no-nonsense (well, some-nonsense) podcast about API design & development, new features in the world of HTTP, service-orientated architecture, microservices, and probably bikes. All audio, artwork, episode descriptions and notes are property of APIs You Won't Hate, for APIs You Won't Hate, and published with permission by Transistor, Inc. Broadcast by | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-547-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 547 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 547 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP error 547 signifies your email was rejected due to problems with the recipient's email address or domain . This permanent error (5xx) indicates the recipient server couldn't deliver the message due to recipient information issues. This can occur in applications like phpmailer and jenkins when sending emails. What are the cases covered in SMTP Error 547? Common scenarios triggering SMTP Error 547: Nonexistent Recipient: The "RCPT TO" command or "To:" field in your email contains an invalid recipient address that doesn't correspond to a real account or mailbox (phpmailer, jenkins). Invalid Recipient Domain: The recipient's email domain (e.g., example.com) is non-existent, expired, or has DNS (Domain Name System) problems. Unauthorized Recipient: The recipient's domain or address cannot receive your email, or it's blocked by their server for policy reasons. Content Filtering: The email content might contain prohibited elements like spam, malware, or violations of the recipient server's policies. What’s Causing This SMTP Error 547 In Your Servers? Potential causes of SMTP Error 547: Incorrect Recipient Address: Double-check that the recipient's email address is spelled accurately, complete, and belongs to a valid account or mailbox (phpmailer, jenkins). Recipient Domain Issues: Verify that the recipient's email domain is functioning correctly, has no DNS issues, and isn't experiencing policy-based blocks. Contact Recipient Administrators: If the recipient's domain has issues, their administrators might need to intervene to resolve technical problems or adjust email acceptance policies. Revise Email Content: Address any potential policy violations in the email message, such as removing spammy content or harmful attachments, to comply with the recipient server's policies. How to Resolve SMTP Error 547 - Step-by-Step Solution Verify Recipient Address: Ensure the recipient's email address is spelled correctly, complete, and belongs to a valid account or mailbox (phpmailer, jenkins). Check Recipient Domain: Confirm that the recipient's email domain is functioning correctly, has no DNS issues, and isn't experiencing policy-based blocks. Contact Recipient Administrators: If the recipient's domain has issues, their administrators might need to intervene to resolve technical problems or adjust email acceptance policies. Review Email Content: Analyze the email message for potential policy violations, such as spammy content or harmful attachments, and ensure it complies with the recipient server's policies. SMTP Error 547 Examples "547 5.1.1 recipient@example.com: Recipient address does not exist." "547 5.4.5 recipient@example.com: Domain name not found. Check recipient domain." "547 5.7.0 recipient@example.com: Unauthorized recipient. Email blocked due to policy reasons." "547 5.1.2 Content filtering detected prohibited content in the email message. Delivery denied." Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://share.transistor.fm/s/080fd715#copya | APIs You Won't Hate | API Gateways, Service Meshes, oh my! APIs You Won't Hate 40 ? 30 : 10)" @keyup.document.left="seekBySeconds(-10)" @keyup.document.m="toggleMute" @keyup.document.s="toggleSpeed" @play="play(false, true)" @loadedmetadata="handleLoadedMetadata" @pause="pause(true)" preload="none" @timejump.window="seekToSeconds($event.detail.timestamp); shareTimeFormatted = formatTime($event.detail.timestamp)" > Trailer Bonus 10 40 ? 30 : 10)" class="seek-seconds-button" > 40 ? 30 : 10"> Subscribe Share More Info Download More episodes Subscribe newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyFeedUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Copied to clipboard Apple Podcasts Spotify Pocket Casts Overcast Castro YouTube Goodpods Goodpods Metacast Amazon Music Pandora CastBox Anghami Anghami Fountain JioSaavn Gaana iHeartRadio TuneIn TuneIn Player FM SoundCloud SoundCloud Deezer Podcast Addict Share newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyShareUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Share Copied to clipboard newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyEmbedHtml()" class="form-input-group" > Embed Copied to clipboard Start at Trailer Bonus Full Transcript View the website updateDescriptionLinks($el))" class="episode-description" > Chapters March 12, 2021 by APIs You Won't Hate View the website Listen On Apple Podcasts Listen On Spotify Listen On YouTube RSS Feed Subscribe RSS Feed RSS Feed URL Copied! Follow Episode Details Matt and Phil are joined by API developer Hunter Skrasek, a friend of the pod, to talk about his experiences moving their APIs from a monolith to a microservices architecture and his team is utilizing API Gateways and Service Meshes Show Notes Matt and Phil are joined by API developer Hunter Skrasek, a friend of the pod, to talk about his experiences moving their APIs from a monolith to a microservices architecture and his team is utilizing API Gateways and Service Meshes Links: Hunter on Twitter API Gateway App Service Mesh Creators and Guests Host Mike Bifulco Cofounder and host of APIs You Won't Hate. Blogs at https://mikebifulco.com Into 🚴♀️, espresso ☕, looking after 🌍. ex @Stripe @Google @Microsoft What is APIs You Won't Hate? A no-nonsense (well, some-nonsense) podcast about API design & development, new features in the world of HTTP, service-orientated architecture, microservices, and probably bikes. All audio, artwork, episode descriptions and notes are property of APIs You Won't Hate, for APIs You Won't Hate, and published with permission by Transistor, Inc. Broadcast by | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://dev.to/iromanika | Illia - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Illia Building developer tools focused on simplicity and predictable behavior. Joined Joined on Jan 8, 2026 More info about @iromanika Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 2 posts published Comment 1 comment written Tag 7 tags followed What we intentionally removed when building a feature flag service Illia Illia Illia Follow Jan 12 What we intentionally removed when building a feature flag service # programming # saas # startup # webdev Comments Add Comment 3 min read Want to connect with Illia? Create an account to connect with Illia. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in Feature flags became overkill — small teams need something simpler Illia Illia Illia Follow Jan 8 Feature flags became overkill — small teams need something simpler # startup # saas # programming # webdev Comments 1 comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-451-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 451 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 451 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP Error 451 is a transient error message returned by a mail server when it encounters temporary difficulties processing incoming email messages. Typically falling under the category of "4xx" errors, it indicates a temporary problem that may be resolved in the future. This error often comes with a specific code or message offering more insight into the delay. What's Causing This SMTP Error 451? SMTP Error 451 can stem from various factors, including: Server congestion or overloading: High volumes of incoming email traffic may lead the mail server to temporarily reject new connections or delay email processing to manage its workload. Greylisting: Some servers employ greylisting as a spam prevention measure. Initially rejecting emails from unknown senders with a 451 error, legitimate senders' emails are accepted upon retry after a delay. Rate limiting: Mail servers may enforce limits on the number of emails a sender can transmit within a specific timeframe. Exceeding this limit prompts the server to respond with a 451 error. Temporary server issues: Hardware or software glitches, network disruptions, or transient problems within the server infrastructure can also trigger SMTP error 451. How to Resolve SMTP Error 451? To address SMTP Error 451, consider the following steps: Wait and retry: Often, SMTP error 451 is temporary, and waiting and retrying later is the most effective action. The receiving server might have been overloaded or momentarily unavailable, and the issue may resolve itself. Check for greylisting: If suspecting greylisting, waiting and retrying the email should resolve the issue upon the server accepting the email retry. Verify rate limits: If sending a large volume of emails, ensure compliance with any rate limits set by the recipient server. Spreading out email sending over a longer period may be necessary. Investigate server issues: If encountering SMTP error 451 persistently when sending emails to a specific recipient, the recipient's mail server might be experiencing problems. Contact the recipient's email administrator for assistance. SMTP Error 451 Examples: "451 Temporary failure, please try again later." "451 Greylisted - Try again in 15 minutes." "451 Rate limit exceeded for sender@example.com. Try again in an hour." "451 Service temporarily unavailable due to server maintenance. Please retry later." Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. 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https://dev.to/yumyum116/why-print-can-cause-a-tle-even-with-an-efficient-algorithm-4f7e#invoke-the-standard-library-function-raw-write-endraw- | Why print() Can Cause a TLE Even with an Efficient Algorithm - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse yumyum116 Posted on Jan 11 Why print() Can Cause a TLE Even with an Efficient Algorithm # python # programming Hi, everyone. This is yumyum116. This article is part of a series of how standard library functions work . I am glad that this will help beginners understand the underlying mechanisms behind these functions. This topic arose from a personal experience in which I encountered a TLE, despite using an efficient algorithm to solve the problem. After investigating, I discovered that the issue was caused by calling the print function too many times within the program . Based on this experience, this article explains how the print function works internally and why excessive use of it can lead to a TLE . 1. Example of a TLE Despite Using an Efficient Algorithm In this chapter, I introduce an example of a program that results in a TLE despite using an efficient algorithm. The program determines whether a given number is prime using the Sieve of Eratosthenes. At first glance, the algorithm itself is efficiet - but can you identify which part of the code causes of the TLE? For reference, the input number satisfies the following conditions: conditions: 1 < = n < = 380 , 000 1 <= n <= 380,000 1 <= n <= 380 , 000 1 < = a r r a y [ i ] < = 6 , 000 , 000 ( 1 < = i < = n ) 1 <= array[i] <= 6,000,000 (1 <= i <= n) 1 <= a rr a y [ i ] <= 6 , 000 , 000 ( 1 <= i <= n ) MAX_A = 6000000 def eratosthenes ( n ): is_prime = [ True ] * ( n + 1 ) is_prime [ 0 ] = is_prime [ 1 ] = False for i in range ( 2 , int ( n ** 0.5 ) + 1 ): if is_prime [ i ]: for j in range ( i * i , n + 1 , i ): is_prime [ j ] = False return is_prime n = int ( input ()) arr = [ int ( input ()) for _ in range ( n )] for i in range ( n ): print ( " prime " if is_prime ( arr [ i ]) else " not prime " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Next, I introduce a program that that fixes the TLE issue. MAX_A = 6000000 def eratosthenes ( n ): is_prime = [ True ] * ( n + 1 ) is_prime [ 0 ] = is_prime [ 1 ] = False for i in range ( 2 , int ( n ** 0.5 ) + 1 ): if is_prime [ i ]: for j in range ( i * i , n + 1 , i ): is_prime [ j ] = False return is_prime n = int ( input ()) arr = [ int ( input ()) for _ in range ( n )] is_prime_table = eratosthenes ( MAX_A ) out = [] for x in arr : out . append ( " prime " if is_prime_table [ x ] else " not prime " ) print ( " \n " . join ( out )) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In the next chapter, let's take a closer look at why the TLE happened. 2. What Happens Internally When Executing a Python Program Before diving into the main discussion, let's take a look at what actually happens when a Python program is executed. This section is a bit long, but understanding of this flow will help you build a deeper intuition about how Python programs work under the hood. At a high level, the execution flow looks like this: Execute a Python program. -- the python interpreter starts runnung -- Perform lexical analysis by breaking the source code into tokens. Generate a sequence of tokens. Parse the token sequence. Build an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST). Generate code objects from the AST. Compile the code objects into bytecode. Execute the bytecode on the Python virtual machine. -- the python interpreter completes execution -- Execute machine instructions on the CPU. Now, let's walk through a simple example. Consider the following Python program (1). # test.py print ( " Hi, how are you? " ) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Lexical Analysis When the Python interpreter runs test.py, it first performs lexical analysis. During this process, the source code is broken down into tokens such as Hi , , , how , are , you , and ? . Parsing Based on the tokens generated during lexical analysis, the interpreter builds a data structure called an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) through parsing. Let's take an actual look at the AST objects generated when executing test.py . $ python > import ast > tree = ast.parse('print("Hi, how are you?")') > > print(ast.dump(tree, indent=4)) Module( body=[ Expr( value=Call( func=Name(id='print', ctx=Load()), args=[ Constant(value='Hi, how are you?')], keywords=[]))], type_ignores=[]) > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If you want to better grasp the structure of an AST, using a sentence that includes mathematical expressions can be very helpful. However, that is beyond the scope of this article. Now, let's break down the generated AST. ① func=Name(id = 'print', ctx=Load()) This means the identifier print is loaded as a value. ctx , which is one of the arguments of the Name node, specifies how the identifier is used. It can be set to Store() when assigning a value, Load() when reading a value, or Del() when deleting an element. Structurally, this can be summarized as follows: A Name node is a parsing node that contains the following information: The presence of the identifier print in the source code. How the identifier is used in context (in this example, it is used as Load() ). ② args=[Constant(value='Hi, how are you?')] This represents a structural node that holds the value of an argument passed to a function. In computer science terms, this is an AST node that represents a string literal. For reference, the Constant node has been used since Python 3.8, whereas Str was used in earlier versions of Python (prior to 3.8). ③ Call(...) This node represents a function call statement and stores the following information: i. func - information about the called object ii. args - expressions to be evaluated as positional arguments iii. keywords - expressions to be evaluated as keyword arguments ④ Expr(...) This node represents an expression whose purpose is only to produce output. There are many other nodes at the same hierarchical level as Expr , each serving a different role. However, due to the scope of this article, I will introduce those nodes in a separate article. ⑤ Module(...) This node represents the root AST node of a .py file. As a supplement, body=[...] is a list of statements included in the source code, and type_ignores=[] stores additional information for type checkers. For example, it records the line numbers of comments that instruct the type checker to ignore type errors. Generate Code Objects from the AST In this step, the following processes are performed. ① Analyze the AST and perform the following tasks: (i) Determine whether each variable is local, global, or free. (ii) Register constants in the constant table. (iii) Build a code object for each function and class. ② Build the structural body of a PyCodeObject Ideally, the following elements are constructed as the internal structure of the code object. CodeObject { co_consts co_names co_varnames co_freevars co_cellvars co_flags co_code } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Generate bytecode After completing syntax analysis, the Python interpreter generates bytecode from the AST. During this process, a source file named compile.c is executed. This file implements the compiler that translates the AST into bytecode. The resulting bytecode is expressed as follows: >> import dis >>> dis.dis('print("Hi, how are you?")') 0 0 RESUME 0 1 2 PUSH_NULL 4 LOAD_NAME 0 (print) 6 LOAD_CONST 0 ('Hi, how are you?') 8 CALL 1 16 RETURN_VALUE Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This representation is close to programs written in assembly or machine language, and LOAD_NAME 0 corresponds to a single bytecode instruction. The full list of bytecode instructions can be found in opcode.h . From a computer science perspective, this process converts the AST into instructions for a stack machine by traversing the AST nodes. Conceptually, the following sequence of instructions is generated: co_code = [ LOAD_NAME print LOAD_CONST "Hi, how are you?" CALL 1 RETURN_VALUE ] Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Through this process, the bytecode is transformed into a form that the virtual machine can interpret directly. Execute the bytecode on the Python virtual machine As I mentioned in the section Generate bytecode , the Python virtual machine is a type of stack machine , which primarily uses a stack during calculation. A stack is a data structure used to store values in such a way that new data is added on top of existing data. When data is removed, the most recently added value is taken first. This behavior is known as Last In, First Out(LIFO) . The bytecode generated by the Python interpreter is designed to be executed efficiently on a stack-based virtual machine. Below, you can see a simplified explanation of how the previously shown bytecode is executed. For clarify, some details are omitted, so this description is not perfectly precise, but it should help build intuition. Instruction Meaning RESUME 0 Represent the start of a function call PUSH_NULL Push NULL onto the stack to indicate that this is not a method call LOAD_NAME 0 (print) Push the value of the variable print onto the stack LOAD_CONST 0 ('Hi, how are you?') Push the value of the variable Hi, how are you? onto the stack CALL 1 Pop the number of values specified by the variable argc from the top of the stack, and call the corresponding callable object RETURN_VALUE Return to the original caller On the Python virtual machine, this bytecode is executed sequentially from the top, with each instruction performing operations that push the resulting Python objects onto the stack. Execute machine instructions on the CPU The CPU executes programs that have been loaded into memory. In the case of Python, the CPU executes the machine instructions that implement the Python virtual machine. Let me briefly explain what machine instructions are. Machine instructions represent operations using binary values composed of zeros and ones. For readability, hexadecimal notation is often used so that humans can more easily interpret them. If you are interested, you can open a .pyc file using a binary editor to see this representation yourself. In the case of test.py , the machine instructions would look like the following. Note that these are shown in hexadecimal for human readability and differ from the actual machine instructions executed directly by the CPU. Now, let's return to the main discussion. For example, the CALL 1 bytecode instruction corresponds to invoking a specific case in a switch statement in C, conceptually described as follows: switch (opcode){ case CALL: /* Call a function with the given arguments */ } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To describe the entire flow precisely -- from execution on the Python virtual machine to execution on the CPU --it can be summarized as follows: The CALL 1 instruction is read by CPython's C implementation, which branches to the corresponding case CALL: in a switch statement. The CPU then executes the machine instructions that implement that case CALL: within CPython itself. At the Python level, the callable function is written as print . However, the actual callable object is implemented in CPython's C code, specifically as builtin_print_impl . The above describes the complete flow of how a Python program is executed. 3. What Happens When the print Function Is Called? Now, let's take a closer look at the behavior of the print function. Briefly speaking, print is not part of the standard library--it is a built-in function . Built-in functions are implemented directly in CPython's C source code. You can find the function object for print in the CPython repository here . As mentioned in the previous section, the impolementation corresponding to print is builtin_print_impl . To keep the discussion focused, I will paste the relevant part of the original source code below. static PyObject * builtin_print_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *sep, PyObject *end, PyObject *file, int flush) /*[clinic end generated code: output=3cfc0940f5bc237b input=c143c575d24fe665]*/ { int i, err; if (file == Py_None) { PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET(); file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stdout)); if (file == NULL) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "lost sys.stdout"); return NULL; } /* sys.stdout may be None when FILE* stdout isn't connected */ if (file == Py_None) { Py_RETURN_NONE; } } if (sep == Py_None) { sep = NULL; } else if (sep && !PyUnicode_Check(sep)) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "sep must be None or a string, not %.200s", Py_TYPE(sep)->tp_name); return NULL; } if (end == Py_None) { end = NULL; } else if (end && !PyUnicode_Check(end)) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "end must be None or a string, not %.200s", Py_TYPE(end)->tp_name); return NULL; } for (i = 0; i < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args); i++) { if (i > 0) { if (sep == NULL) { err = PyFile_WriteString(" ", file); } else { err = PyFile_WriteObject(sep, file, Py_PRINT_RAW); } if (err) { return NULL; } } err = PyFile_WriteObject(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i), file, Py_PRINT_RAW); if (err) { return NULL; } } if (end == NULL) { err = PyFile_WriteString("\n", file); } else { err = PyFile_WriteObject(end, file, Py_PRINT_RAW); } if (err) { return NULL; } if (flush) { PyObject *tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(file, &_Py_ID(flush)); if (tmp == NULL) { return NULL; } Py_DECREF(tmp); } Py_RETURN_NONE; } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When the print function is called, characters are displayed on the standard output through the following sequenc of steps: Execute Python source code. Compile the source code into Python bytecode. Execute the bytecode on the Cpython virtual machine. Invoke the built-in print function. Call file.write() . Call the C standard library function write() . -- The steps above are executed within the Python runtime layer .-- Invoke a system call handled by the operating system kernel. Output the characters to the standard output. The connection between these steps and the previous sections may not be immediately clear, so before explaining each operation in detail, I will first provide some additional context. The steps above describe the observable behavior at a high level, while the CPU is continuously executing instructions behind the scenes. From the CPU's perspective, the steps above can be described as follows: While executing the machine instructions that implement the CPython virtual machine, the CPU reaches a CALL instruction and invokes the machine instructions corresponding to the built-in print function. During this process, execution transitions through PyFile_WriteObject to FileIO.write , and finally to the write system call. Visually, the process can be illustrated as follows: CPU └─ CPython VM（machine instructions） └─ builtin print（machine instructions） └─ PyFile_WriteObject（machine instructions） └─ FileIO.write（machine instructions） └─ libc write（machine instructions） └─ kernel write（machine instructions） Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode With this overview in mind, let's move on to a detailed explanation of the entire execution flow of the print function. Invoke the Built-in print Function Here, the actual callable object is defined as follows: static PyObject * builtin_print_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *sep, PyObject *end, PyObject *file, int flush) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When this object is invoked, the following steps are executed: ① Receive the given arguments as PyObject* values. ② Interpret the sep , end , file , and flush parameters. ③ Determine the output destination ( file ), which defaults to sys.stdout . Invoke the file.write() method on the output file object In the following C implementation, the write method of the Python file object is invoked. PyFile_WriteObject(obj, file, Py_PRINT_RAW); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Within builtinmodule.c , which was introduced in the previous section, the following function corresponds to this behavior. PyFile_WriteObject(sep, file, Py_PRINT_RAW) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In effect, this is equivalent to calling sys.stdout.write(...) at the Python level. Invoke the standard library function write() Python's sys.stdout is composed of multiple layers of wrapper objects, as illustrated below. TextIOWrapper └─ BufferedWriter └─ FileIO Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The C implementation of FileIO.write() is located in Module/_io/fileio.c , and the function _io_FileIO_write_impl provides the low-level implementation of FileIO.write() . /*[clinic input] _io.FileIO.write cls: defining_class b: Py_buffer / Write buffer b to file, return number of bytes written. Only makes one system call, so not all of the data may be written. The number of bytes actually written is returned. In non-blocking mode, returns None if the write would block. [clinic start generated code]*/ static PyObject * _io_FileIO_write_impl(fileio *self, PyTypeObject *cls, Py_buffer *b) /*[clinic end generated code: output=927e25be80f3b77b input=2776314f043088f5]*/ { Py_ssize_t n; int err; if (self->fd < 0) return err_closed(); if (!self->writable) { _PyIO_State *state = get_io_state_by_cls(cls); return err_mode(state, "writing"); } n = _Py_write(self->fd, b->buf, b->len); /* copy errno because PyBuffer_Release() can indirectly modify it */ err = errno; if (n < 0) { if (err == EAGAIN) { PyErr_Clear(); Py_RETURN_NONE; } return NULL; } return PyLong_FromSsize_t(n); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ( source ) The function prototype is shown below: _Py_write(fd, buf, size) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode At this level, execution transitions from the Python layer to the C I/O layer. Invoke a System Call Handled by the Operating System Kernel. In the entire execution of the print function, this step is the most expensive. During a system call, the following operations occur: ① Transition from user space to kernel space. ② Perform a context switch. ③ Write to standard output within the operating system. Transition from User Space to Kernel Space This step means that the CPU switches its execution mode. User space is where ordinary applications, such as Python programs, CPython itself and standard libraries, run. Code in user space cannot directly access hardware devices or protected memory. Kernel space is where the operating system runs. Device operations, file I/O and process management are handled in this space. The print function must transition from user space to kernel space in order to perform device-related operations. You can think of this transition as occurring when a system call, such as write() , is invoked. Perform a Context Switch This step means that the CPU switches its execution context. There are two types of context switches. One is (A) a transition from user mode to kernel mode, as described above. The other is (B) a process switch, where the CPU switches from one process to another. In the case of the print function, the important context switch is (A). This mode transition caused by a system call is the primary reason why I/O operations are expensive. The Operating System Handles Standard Output Briefly speaking, this step sends an instruction to the operating system that says, "Write these characters to the file descriptor whose value is 1." (File descriptor 1 corresponds to standard output.) Conceptually, standard output is processed as follows. Execute sys_write(fd=1, buf) ↓ Resolve the file descriptor to an internal file structure ↓ Route the output to the corresponding device, file, or pipe ↓ Apply buffering if necessary Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode To summarize this flow more simply: When print() is called, CPython invokes write() , which switches the CPU execution mode from user mode to kernel mode. The operating system then resolves the file descriptor with value 1 (standard output) and writes the data to the appropriate destination, such as a terminal, file, or pipe. These kernel-level operations and device I/O are significantly more expensive than the mode switch itself, which is why frequent calls to print() can easily become a performance bottleneck. Output Characters To the Standard Output The kernel sends the characters to the appropriate output destination , which in this case is the terminal. 4. The Cause of the TLE: Calling print Inside a for Loop First of all, thank you for staying with me up to this point. As stated in the heading, the cause of the TLE I encountered was the repeated use of the print function inside a for loop. More precisely, the implementation introduced in the first chapter, which is described below, triggers a TLE because print is executed on every iteration of the loop. for i in range(n): print("prime" if is_prime(arr[i]) else "not prime") Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Each time the loop variable i i i is incremented by 1 , the print function is called. As explained throughout this article, calling print involves kernel-level operations and device I/O. Executing these expensive operations on every iteration significantly degrades performance. For example, when the maximum input value of 380,000 is provided, the print() function is invoked 380,000 times. This workload is simply too heavy for the CPU and the operating system to handle efficiently. This example clearly demonstrates that--even when using an efficient algorithm--an inappropriate implementation choice can lead to disastrous performance under the given input constraints. Now, let's take another look at the revised program. out = [] for x in arr: out.append("prime" if is_prime_table[x] else "not prime") print("\n".join(out)) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No matter how large the input value is, collecting the output values in an array results in calling the print function only once. When you compare a single call to print with 380,000 calls, the difference in CPU workload becomes immediately clear. This experience taught me an important lesson: when you encounter a TLE despite using an efficient algorithm, suspect I/O operations . I hope this article has helped you gain a deeper understanding of what happens behind the scenes and why such performance issues occur. If you find any mistakes, please let me know through the feedback form. I will revise them as quickly as possible. See you again in the next article! Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse yumyum116 Follow A beginner who wants to transit my career into software engineer. Joined Jan 3, 2026 More from yumyum116 Implementing Shell Sort: From Theory to Practical Code # shellsort # python 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://share.transistor.fm/s/bfcf3f0f#copya | APIs You Won't Hate | Secure your APIs or why so much data was available from Parler. APIs You Won't Hate 40 ? 30 : 10)" @keyup.document.left="seekBySeconds(-10)" @keyup.document.m="toggleMute" @keyup.document.s="toggleSpeed" @play="play(false, true)" @loadedmetadata="handleLoadedMetadata" @pause="pause(true)" preload="none" @timejump.window="seekToSeconds($event.detail.timestamp); shareTimeFormatted = formatTime($event.detail.timestamp)" > Trailer Bonus 10 40 ? 30 : 10)" class="seek-seconds-button" > 40 ? 30 : 10"> Subscribe Share More Info Download More episodes Subscribe newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyFeedUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Copied to clipboard Apple Podcasts Spotify Pocket Casts Overcast Castro YouTube Goodpods Goodpods Metacast Amazon Music Pandora CastBox Anghami Anghami Fountain JioSaavn Gaana iHeartRadio TuneIn TuneIn Player FM SoundCloud SoundCloud Deezer Podcast Addict Share newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyShareUrl()" class="form-input-group" > Share Copied to clipboard newValue ? setTimeout(() => copied = false, 2500) : null)" @click="copied = copyEmbedHtml()" class="form-input-group" > Embed Copied to clipboard Start at Trailer Bonus Full Transcript View the website updateDescriptionLinks($el))" class="episode-description" > Chapters January 20, 2021 by APIs You Won't Hate View the website Listen On Apple Podcasts Listen On Spotify Listen On YouTube RSS Feed Subscribe RSS Feed RSS Feed URL Copied! Follow Episode Details Phil, Mike and Matt are back at it! After a break because of holidays, timezones, a pandemic, elections and more caused us to pivot to taking care of ourselves, we got together at the early hour of 7am CST (UTC-6) so we could get back on this horse! We break down what happened with Parler, why people were able to grab their data so easily and some tips to help you avoid this situation. Show Notes Phil, Mike and Matt sit down to talk about Parler and why their APIs were so great for hacktivists who wanted to make sure that the data was never lost. We talk about degraded services and circuit breakers, two big things that probably could have kept the data from being exposed as well as stripping files of EXIF data from uploaded images. We also venture into the topic of what is the role of service providers and social media going forward. Sponsors: Stoplight makes it possible for us to bring you this podcast while we nerd out about APIs. Check them out for their tooling around documentation with Studio, an app that makes API documentation an absolute joy to work with. Show Notes: Auto-incrementing IDs - Giving your data away HTTP/REST API File Uploads How Parler's Data Was Harvested A transcript is currently being made and we will update the description as soon as we get them. Creators and Guests Host Mike Bifulco Cofounder and host of APIs You Won't Hate. Blogs at https://mikebifulco.com Into 🚴♀️, espresso ☕, looking after 🌍. ex @Stripe @Google @Microsoft What is APIs You Won't Hate? A no-nonsense (well, some-nonsense) podcast about API design & development, new features in the world of HTTP, service-orientated architecture, microservices, and probably bikes. All audio, artwork, episode descriptions and notes are property of APIs You Won't Hate, for APIs You Won't Hate, and published with permission by Transistor, Inc. Broadcast by | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://apisyouwonthate.com/blog/creating-openapi-from-http-traffic#/portal/signin | Creating OpenAPI from HTTP Traffic Newsletter Articles Books Podcast Membership Sign in Subscribe Creating OpenAPI from HTTP Traffic Phil Sturgeon 01 Jan 2022 — 6 min read Around this time of year we're thinking about things we're going to do differently, new practices we've been putting off for too long, and mistakes we want to avoid continuing into another year. For many of us in the API world, that is going to be switching to API Design-first , using standards like OpenAPI to plan and prototype the API long before any code is written. More organizations are switching to API Design-first with OpenAPI , thanks to huge efforts from tooling vendors - from the bigger folks: Stoplight and Postman , to the smaller open-source OpenAPI tools - making it far easier to do. Sadly, there's an awkward position many of us are stuck in. We have an API that we built years ago, and now our DevRel team want OpenAPI-based API Reference documentation, the API governance team want OpenAPI to be included in the pull request for any code change, the testing team want our OpenAPI to set up end-to-end contract testing, but we don't have any OpenAPI... AGH! We wrote before about some slightly hacky ways to create OpenAPI from things like Postman Collections, using JSON to JSON Schema converters, and a whole lot of mucking about, but thankfully these days there are far nicer solutions around. One especially smooth tool is Akita ! Akita is an observability tool, which can sniff HTTP traffic, and build models of your data. Once it's done that, it can create a graph of all your APIs to give insight into a system, intelligently catch and communicate breaking changes, and various other handy things. We're going to use just part of it's power to create OpenAPI for an API after it's already been deployed to production, so that we can use API Design-first for any new functionality going forwards. Looking for a example wasn't hard. I'd made this mistake myself earlier in the year. We rushed an API for Protect Earth . There was no need to design the API because it had to match a contract defined by an existing tree-planting partner, so we just copied some of their JSON, and coded to that rough shape hoping for the best. Of course this rush blew up in our face immediately. The first consumer integration was a lot of awful trial-and-error which took ages, and when the second consumer they didn't have any documentation. I know I know. The mechanic’s car is always broken... So let's get on with it. We could install the Akita Client anywhere, maybe pop it on a staging/production servers to detect that traffic, but installing on a laptop is easier for this workflow: running a proxy, sniffing requests/responses for https://api.protect.earth/ , and importing into Akita. This is documented nicely on Akita's docs site , but lets focus on the specific bits for this workflow. Step 1: Setup Akita Client locally Head over to akitasoftware.com and click Join Beta. Maybe it's already out so click Register, just get yourself an account somehow. Now we can install the akita-cli client. On macOS that'll be a brew install, and for everything else theres docs . brew tap akitasoftware/akita && brew install akita-cli When that's installed, use the akita login command to log in. You'll want to go fishing for your API Key which is in Settings on the Akita dashboard. akita login API Key ID: apk_0000000000000000000000 API Key Secret: ****************************** Login successful! API keys stored in ${HOME}/.akita/credentials.yaml Step 2: Man in the Middle Proxy In order to intercept the HTTP traffic going to an encrypted website ( https:// ) we can use the free tool mitmproxy , which is another brew install. brew install mitmproxy Then, we'll want to grab the har_dump.py script from mitmproxy which will turn intercepted traffic on their proxy into a HAR (HTTP Archive format) file . wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy/master/examples/contrib/har_dump.py Ready for action. Step 3: Using the proxy In one terminal session, run the proxy server with the har_dump.py script loaded up, and dump.har set so the HAR file will be saved locally. mitmdump -s ./har_dump.py --set hardump=./dump.har If it's working, the proxy will run on localhost:8080 so you can use that as a proxy in whatever http client. Maybe you're one of those folks who can remember how curl works. curl -D - -k --proxy localhost:8080 https://api.protect.earth/v1/orders/c36916f7-7591-47e5-b069-f983b9c0f320 That will make requests to the https://api.protect.earth/v1/orders/{uuid} endpoint of the Protect Earth API, pass the request and response through mitmproxy, and write the output to dump.har . Doing all of this in curl was a bit of a mess so I grabbed Insomnia and clicked around the API a bit, hitting as many resources and collections as possible, so the OpenAPI is based on a superset of all the data it's seen, instead of just the one JSON representation. Step 4: Converting HAR to OpenAPI There are a lot of tools out there to convert a HAR to OpenAPI, but some of them are old, some of them are bad, and most of them are both. Akita is fantastic at doing this, and can handle all nullable, optional, polymorphic, and generally funny shaped data! It'll take a stab at noticing formats of strings, all of which saves you time from filling all this in manually. The akita apispec command can import dump.har to your service, and give it a name. The service was protect-earth and the spec was just called mySpec because that's what the docs said and it doesn't seem to matter. akita apispec --traces dump.har --out akita://protect-earth:spec:mySpec The Services page in Akita should now be aware of the service you just uploaded. Click on that and there will be a list of endpoints its aware of, with parameters used to avoid duplicating endpoints for different UUIDs or other parameters as other tools often do. Those endpoints have all their metadata associated in Akita, which means it's ready for exporting as OpenAPI through the web interface. The OpenAPI document will be created as YAML, and at time of writing is producing OpenAPI v3.0. Ideally it would soon be updated to OpenAPI v3.1, but the differences are not huge and can be changed manually . Once you've got this OpenAPI YAML document you can shove it into your Git repo to live alongside your code. It might not be perfect, but you can hook that Git repo up to a web-based OpenAPI editor like Stoplight Platform , or a local file editor like Stoplight Studio, or just manually wrangle the YAML in your favourite text editor. However you go about it, you can tidy up the OpenAPI document according to your preferences, and publish the docs when you're done. How you might chose to tidy up the OpenAPI is another article for another day, but getting some OpenAPI without having to manually wrangle it all by hand is a huge timesaver. More importantly it's likely to help API teams get on board with any organization-wide push for API Design-first, or any other API Program or workflow that requires OpenAPI. Now, I'm off to plan out a new endpoint for the Protect Earth API using the design-first approach, so I can give multiple consumers a mock endpoint to hit to see if it'll work for them, before I bother writing up a bunch of code I'll only have to change later based on their feedback. Read more Design First, AI Never In the age of vibe-coding, how can we convince teams to invest in design before building APIs? Also in this newsletter: OpenAPI 3.3, Reddit's microservices architecture, an update to Speakeasy for OpenApi 3.2.0, and more! By Alexander Karan 15 Dec 2025 Zero-Downtime Migration from Laravel Vapor to Laravel Cloud Move your Laravel API from Vapor to Cloud in phases, without making a complete hash of it and wishing you never bothered. By Phil Sturgeon 08 Dec 2025 NestJS: Bad, or Really Bad? 😉 In this newsletter: the Resty library for APIs in Golang, a new Bruno release, an interview with Kin Lane, and API Schema Automation for devs By Alexander Karan 01 Dec 2025 Building a Sustainable Future in APIs with Kin Lane Kin Lane drops by to talk to Phil Sturgeon about his new startup, the changing landscape of API tech, why REST fundamentals are still important, and building sustainable API tools. By Mike Bifulco 01 Dec 2025 Sign up About Powered by Ghost Are you ready to build APIs You Won't Hate? Join now to subscribe to our twice-monthly newsletter, access to our Slack Channel, and other subscriber benefits. Unsubscribe any time. Subscribe | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://dev.to/srikarsunchu | Srikar Sunchu - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Srikar Sunchu Design engineer at Elide, where we're making Kotlin run like Python. I write about dev tools, terminal UIs, and why your build is too slow. Location San Francisco Joined Joined on Jan 12, 2026 Personal website https://srikarsunchu.com github website twitter website Work Design Engineer @ Elide More info about @srikarsunchu Post 1 post published Comment 1 comment written Tag 0 tags followed I got tired of waiting for Gradle, so I built a runtime that runs Kotlin like Python. Srikar Sunchu Srikar Sunchu Srikar Sunchu Follow Jan 13 I got tired of waiting for Gradle, so I built a runtime that runs Kotlin like Python. # kotlin # performance # productivity # tooling 10 reactions Comments 1 comment 2 min read Want to connect with Srikar Sunchu? Create an account to connect with Srikar Sunchu. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-512-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 512 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 512 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP Error 512 occurs when the recipient's email domain is not resolvable via a valid DNS record. What are the cases covered in SMTP Error 512? SMTP Error 512 in phpmailer Instances & Examples: Case 1: "512 5.1.2 recipient@example.com: Recipient's email domain is not resolvable via DNS." What’s Causing This SMTP Error 512 In Your Servers? (in pointers) SMTP 512 error in phpmailer can occur due to: Non-resolvable recipient's email domain: The recipient's email domain lacks a valid DNS record, making it unresolvable. How to Resolve SMTP Error 512 - Step-by-Step Solution To resolve this email smtp error 512 in Jenkins servers, follow these steps: Ensure correct spelling of recipient's email domain: It is crucial to ensure that the recipient's email domain is spelled correctly. Check for valid DNS record: Verify that the recipient's email domain has a valid DNS record. Use DNS Lookup to check if the necessary MX records are available for the recipient's mail server to operate. Verify connectivity to resolving the DNS record: If all criteria mentioned above are correct, verify the connectivity to resolving the DNS record from the sender's mail server. Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-471-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 471 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 471 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP Error 471 occurs when the anti-spam filter, anti-virus guard, or firewall interferes with the sending of an email message. This error is often triggered by the prevention of message transmission due to spam-like content or security measures. What are the cases covered in SMTP Error 471? SMTP Error 471 in phpmailer Instances & Examples: Case 1: "471 5.7.1 Email blocked by anti-spam filter. Content flagged as potential spam." Case 2: "471 5.7.2 Anti-virus guard prevents email transmission. Security measure triggered." Case 3: "471 5.7.3 Firewall blocks outgoing email. Network security restriction encountered." SMTP Error 471 in Jenkins Instances & Examples: Case 1: "471 5.7.1 Email blocked by anti-spam filter in Jenkins. Content flagged as potential spam." Case 2: "471 5.7.2 Anti-virus guard prevents email transmission in Jenkins. Security measure triggered." Case 3: "471 5.7.3 Firewall blocks outgoing email in Jenkins. Network security restriction encountered." What’s Causing This SMTP Error 471 In Your Servers? (in pointers) SMTP 471 error in phpmailer and Jenkins can occur due to: Interference by anti-spam filter: The email message's content is flagged as potential spam by the anti-spam filter, preventing its transmission. Intervention by anti-virus guard: The anti-virus guard restricts the sending of the email due to security concerns or detection of malicious content. Firewall restriction: Outgoing email is blocked by the firewall as a network security measure, limiting the transmission of messages. How to Resolve SMTP Error 471 - Step-by-Step Solution To resolve this email smtp error 471 in Jenkins and phpmailer servers, you need to do the following: Verify email content: Ensure that the email message does not contain any spam-like phrases or suspicious content that may trigger filters. Disable security measures: Temporarily disable the anti-virus guard, firewall, or anti-spam filter and attempt to resend the email. Review security configurations: Adjust security settings to allow the transmission of legitimate emails while maintaining adequate protection against spam and malware threats. Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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Marketing Essential These items are used to deliver advertising that is more relevant to you and your interests. They may also be used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement and measure the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. Advertising networks usually place them with the website operator’s permission. Personalization Essential These items allow the website to remember choices you make (such as your user name, language, or the region you are in) and provide enhanced, more personal features. For example, a website may provide you with local weather reports or traffic news by storing data about your current location. Analytics Essential These items help the website operator understand how its website performs, how visitors interact with the site, and whether there may be technical issues. This storage type usually doesn’t collect information that identifies a visitor. Confirm my preferences and close | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/devops/supercharging-the-git-commit-graph/ | Supercharging the Git Commit Graph - Azure DevOps Blog Skip to main content Microsoft Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Home Developer Microsoft for Developers Visual Studio Visual Studio Code Develop from the cloud All things Azure Xcode DevOps Windows Developer ISE Developer Azure SDK Command Line Aspire Technology DirectX Semantic Kernel Languages C++ C# F# TypeScript PowerShell Team Python Java Java Blog in Chinese Go .NET All .NET posts .NET Aspire .NET MAUI AI ASP.NET Core Blazor Entity Framework NuGet Servicing .NET Blog in Chinese Platform Development #ifdef Windows Microsoft Foundry Azure Government Azure VM Runtime Team Bing Dev Center Microsoft Edge Dev Microsoft Azure Microsoft 365 Developer Microsoft Entra Identity Developer Old New Thing Power Platform Data Development Azure Cosmos DB Azure Data Studio Azure SQL OData Revolutions R Unified Data Model (IDEAs) Microsoft Entra PowerShell More Search Search No results Cancel Dev Blogs Azure DevOps Blog Supercharging the Git Commit Graph June 25th, 2018 1 reaction Supercharging the Git Commit Graph Derrick Stolee Principal Software Engineer Show more Have you ever run gitk and waited a few seconds before the window appears? Have you struggled to visualize your commit history into a sane order of contributions instead of a stream of parallel work? Have you ever run a force-push and waited seconds for Git to give any output? You may be having performance issues due to the number of commits in your repository. If you have a large repository, then you may notice that git log --graph takes a few seconds to write any output, while Visual Studio Team Services (VSTS) returns these results very quickly. This is due to some really cool algorithms we built out and tested server side. We recently took the first steps in bringing those algorithms to the whole open source Git community by submitting the code to the core git project. This week marks the release of Git 2.18.0 and Git for Windows 2.18.0 . There are a lot of cool features and performance enhancements in this one, so I hope you upgrade and enjoy! One new feature in 2.18 is a serialized commit-graph . I think a lot of users will benefit from this feature, especially if you are working in a large repository with tens of thousands of commits (or more). The feature is optional, so right now you’ll need to enable it manually. How to Enable the Commit-Graph Feature Currently, the commit-graph feature requires a bit of self-maintenance, but we hope to improve this expeirence in future versions. * This is an experimental feature! Please use with caution. You can always turn off the feature using git config core.commitGraph false . There are a few Git features that don’t work well with the commit-graph, such as shallow clones, replace-objects, and commit grafts. If you never use any of those features, then you should have no problems! * To enable the commit-graph feature in your repository, run git config core.commitGraph true . Then, you can update your commit-graph file by running git show-ref -s | git commit-graph write --stdin-commits You are good to go! That last command created a file at .git/objects/info/commit-graph relative to your repository root. This file contains a compact description of your commit history that is faster to parse than unzipping your packfiles and loose objects. Go and test your favorite commands and see how long they take. You can compare commands before and after the commit-graph feature using something like the following: time git -c core.commitGraph=false log --graph --oneline -10 time git -c core.commitGraph=true log --graph --oneline -10 I’d love to hear from you if you’ve had success with certain commands because of this feature! Performance Numbers If you don’t feel like testing this yourself without proof of the benefit, here are some performance numbers for a few important repos: Linux, Git, and Windows. In the case of Linux and Git, I include the exact commits I use so you can reproduce a similar experiment. Linux The Linux kernel repository is the gold standard for Git performance. It has a good number of files, and many commits (over 750,000), and is publicly available for everyone to clone and test themselves. Command Before After Change git merge-base master topic 0.52 0.06 -88% git branch --contains 76.20 0.04 -99% git tag --contains 5.30 0.03 -99% git tag --merged 6.30 1.50 -76% git log --graph -10 5.90 0.74 -87% For this test, I had the following branch values: master: 032b4cc8ff84490c4bc7c4ef8c91e6d83a637538 topic: 62d18ecfa64137349fac9c5817784fbd48b54f48 This version of master can reach 722,849 commits and is 30,986 commits behind topic . Git The Git repository is also publicly available, but is much smaller than the Linux repository. However, it is large enough to see benefits with the commit-graph feature. Command Before After Change git merge-base master topic 0.10 0.04 -60% git branch --contains 0.76 0.03 -96% git tag --contains 0.70 0.03 -96% git tag --merged 0.74 0.12 -84% git log --graph -10 0.44 0.05 -89% For this test, I had the following branch values: master: b50d82b00a8fc9d24e41ae7dc30185555f8fb0a0 topic: e144d126d74f5d2702870ca9423743102eec6fcd This version of master can reach 49,361 commits and is 2,032 commits behind topic . The Windows Repository The developers making Microsoft Windows use Git, enhanced by the Git Virtual File System (GVFS) . We deployed the commit-graph feature to the Windows developers with a recent (private) release of GVFS. In that version, GVFS handles the maintenance of the commit-graph file, so it is updated with every fetch. Command Before After Change git status --ahead-behind 14.30 4.70 -67% git merge-base A B 11.40 1.80 -84% git branch --contains 9.40 1.60 -83% git log --graph -10 24.30 5.30 -78% My local version of master has 2,214,796 reachable commits. The reason git status improves is because my local version of master is 81,776 commits behind origin/master, and git status walks commits to compute this count. With 4,000+ developers working in the repo, the branches move very quickly , so this is a realistic difference between a local and remote branch. The above performance numbers are nice, but they are also isolated tests that I ran on my machine. It’s much better to have real-life examples of this helping users in their actual workflows. For example, one user complained that a force-push command was slow. We found that the amount of data being sent to the server was not the problem. Instead, we found that the logic for deciding if a force-push is necessary walks the entire commit history from the new ref location. This meant that Git was walking over two million commits! The improved parse speed of the commit-graph feature was enough to improve the force-push time in this example from 90 seconds to 30 seconds. We are working to modify this logic so it doesn’t require walking all of those commits. My History with the Git Commit Graph Before I joined Microsoft, I was a mathematician working in computational graph theory. I spent years thinking about graphs every day, so it was a habit that was hard to break. Good thing Git stores its data as a directed acyclic graph , so everything we do in Git involves graphs in one way or another. A few years ago, I left academia and joined the VSTS Git server team. My first year was spent mainly on implementing a commit-graph feature that accelerated commit walks on the service. While my contributions were only on the back-end server code, a fantastic team created a way to visualize the commit history as a graph in the web . This means that whenver you view the history of your repo, you’ll see the same output as if you ran git log --graph , complete with a visualization of commit parents. Also, Matt talked a bit about the commit-graph in a performance blog post . The commit graph is visualized when viewing commit history in VSTS The same commit order is displayed by Git using git log --topo-order The above pictures show the commit history page on VSTS for the GitForWindows repository and a related git log --topo-order call. The --topo-order flag tells Git to order the commits the same as a git log --graph call, but doesn’t render the commit-to-parent edges. In this case, there are so many merges that the git log --graph output becomes a huge mess. VSTS uses the same graph rendering as Team Explorer in Visual Studio . One problem with launching this feature was that the corresponding Git command is slow . For the command above, git log --topo-order took 2.8 seconds. It takes even longer for larger repositories that have millions of commits! Today, the web request in VSTS takes around 0.22 seconds including a round trip to the server . Trying to do similar commands with the Linux kernel (750K commits) or the Windows repository (2 million commits) becomes quite painful in the command-line, but the web view stays around 200-400 milliseconds for most queries. After being on the Git server team for VSTS, I chose to switch teams to the client team that works on Git, GVFS, and other version control clients. The primary reason I wanted to switch was so I could provide the same performance benefits we implemented on our servers to the Git community. The commit-graph feature in Git 2.18 is a major step in this direction. The current state of the commit-graph feature is almost exactly as I described in a talk at Git Merge 2018 : You can continue reading the next article in this series, Part II: File Format . In the coming weeks, I’ll post more articles that give more details about the commit-graph feature in Git 2.18, some powerful algorithms we have in VSTS, and how we are bringing those algorithms to Git soon. 1 22 0 Share on Facebook Share on X Share on Linkedin Copy Link --> Category DevOps Git & Version Control Open Source Share Author Derrick Stolee Principal Software Engineer A former mathematician currently contributing to the Git community. Focused on performance. 22 comments Discussion is closed. Login to edit/delete existing comments. Code of Conduct Sort by : Newest Newest Popular Oldest RUPESH BHAGAT --> RUPESH BHAGAT --> May 9, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> tigertimes Viral Point --> Viral Point --> May 7, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Thanks for such nice information!! Marathi status Chiranjit Mondal --> Chiranjit Mondal --> May 4, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> i think this is great article to provide valuable information to the peoples. Punjabi Jaat Status Chiranjit Mondal --> Chiranjit Mondal --> May 4, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Really very informative and informative post. Thanks for such a nice post. Regards, BestDesiStatus Vishal Velekar --> Vishal Velekar --> May 3, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Really very informative and informative post. Thanks for such a nice Amazing post. 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Sarkari Result Pratik Patel --> Pratik Patel --> April 8, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Nice Content How to wirte an article RUPESH BHAGAT --> RUPESH BHAGAT --> March 17, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> gb whatsapp new version gb whatsapp new version with pro features download Load more comments Read next June 29, 2018 Top Stories from the Microsoft DevOps Community – 2018.06.29 Edward Thomson July 2, 2018 Supercharging the Git Commit Graph II: File Format Derrick Stolee Stay informed Get notified when new posts are published. Email * Country/Region * Select... 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https://ruul.io/blog/freelance-businesses-you-can-start-for-free | 10 freelance business ideas to start today - Ruul Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up sell 10 freelance business ideas to start today Finding freelance business ideas tailored to your skills can be tough. We selected some of the best ideas enabling you to work from home. Umut Güncan 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points With the advancements in technology, we now have the freedom and opportunities to start freelancing in many digitally achievable work areas. With our existing skills or simply by upgrading or expanding them through online courses, we can equip ourselves, venture into freelance business ideas, and find clients today.Working for yourself gives you more satisfaction than any day job can give according to most freelancers. Endless benefits of freelancing such as being able to control your time, workload, and work location are making the transition to a freelance business even more appealing. Starting a new freelance business can be a bumpy road. Before you quit your day job, you may want to experiment with freelancing on a part-time basis and look for potential clients by word of mouth . You can either be an independent contractor and work for a client on a regular basis or seek project-based jobs to serve multiple clients at a time.Finding the perfect fit for your expectations and skills can take some time. Considering that coming up with a business idea tailored to your competencies can be tough, we have selected some of the best freelance business ideas (all enabling you to work from home) for you to bear in mind as you do your further research. 10 freelance business ideas Here is a list of some prominent online freelance business ideas for you to consider: Online tutoring Are you a good listener and a speaker? Do you define yourself as a patient individual? If you are an expert in a specific subject, language, or industry and you have the necessary side skills to deliver your knowledge well, you can consider teaching online.Depending on your personal experience with different age groups, you can give students assistance on some school subjects. You can also consider working with adults to help them boost their second language or professional skills. Audiobook narration Audiobooks have become very popular over the last couple of years. If you have professional speaking or diction training, or you feel like you possess the right skills to be the voice of a book, you can try becoming a voice actor. By narrating books, you can also contribute to the library of the visually impaired.All you need for narrating will be: A clear voice PC or laptop Microphone and a microphone stand Headphones Recording software You may be asked to audition for certain jobs or to share a sound clip introducing yourself. If you haven’t tried voicing yet, practice talking and recording your voice before you apply for any narration jobs. Interpreting If you are fluent in more than one language, interpretation may well be your next freelance business idea. Most interpreters come from a translation and interpretation studies background, but you can become one with the right self-training, too.You don’t necessarily have to jump right into interpreting conferences. You can practice and specialize through smaller jobs, such as assisting clients during online meetings or interpreting interviews for a researcher. Transcription Transcription means turning speech into a written document. This service is used widely in legal, medical, entertainment, and academic domains. Today, with the aid of a range of transcription software that can slow down speech, reduce background noise, and playback the audio, writing down what you hear has become much easier.From movies to be subtitled to academic interviews to be published, you can find many jobs for transcription. Especially if you are a speedy typer, it is a nice and easy job worth giving a try. Translation, proofreading, and editing Translation is and always will be a job in high demand. In a globalized world, products, services, books, contracts, and any other materials you can think of will need to be conveyed in another language. No matter how good machine translation gets, a keen pair of human eyes will be required to verify the quality.If you have mastered at least two languages, you can specialize in language services and start your online business as a translator, proofreader, or editor. You can provide these services manually, but keep in mind that acquiring a CAT (computer-aided translation) tool could make your life much easier. Selling stock photographs If you are a professional photographer or you have the skills and equipment to work as one, you can consider creating themed stock photographs to sell. What's more, you don’t necessarily need to have a professional DSLR camera to do this. You can simply take photos using your smartphone and enhance the details through photo editing apps available to you.Ads agencies, brands, web designers, and many other entities need images that illustrate certain scenes, products, and services for various purposes, such as content marketing or social media. Moreover, instead of taking new pictures or commissioning photographers to do so, they simply turn to the vast collections of stock photos that can already serve the purpose. Not all photos are handy though. Especially localized imagery is very limited. Look through some stock photography websites such as Shutterstock or iStockPhoto to see what is already offered and what novelties you can bring in. Copywriting If you are a master of words and you have a creative personality, this is one of the best freelance business ideas to explore. You can enter into the world of copywriting and write content for websites, social media, offline ads, or other promotional materials.As a freelance writer, you can either work directly with clients or with PR or advertising agencies. SEO content writing is in great demand as brands lay high importance on attracting searchers and increasing traffic to their websites. Graphic design and illustration Freelance graphic designers and illustrators are offering creative services to many brands and agencies in need. Through designing logos, business cards, brochures, flyers, memes, infographics, book covers, social media images, ad campaigns, and many other items, you can serve plenty of clients that seek creatives for various purposes.You can find temporary or one-time projects online or if you are lucky, you can also end up working regularly with an agency or directly with an account. If you are new in the game, start contacting small businesses to ask if they need any design-related services. Social media management Today, social media is an indispensable platform that is a part of each brand's marketing strategy. Just as individuals do, brands are communicating and interacting with their bases through social media channels. Quality and consistency in engagement matters.By offering freelance social media management services, you can help clients drive traffic to their online accounts. If you are experienced in the field, you can offer strategic consultancy too. Or as a starter, you can make sure that the strategy proposed by your clients is implemented correctly and on time.If you want to gain experience in the field, you can start by contacting any business owners you are acquainted with. Once you have several accounts in your portfolio, it would be easier for you to find other clients. Consultancy If you are well up in a certain field of work and you had the chance to observe the related industry in depth over the years, you can consider offering services by sharing your expertise with businesses or individual professionals.From language services to business development or marketing, there are endless fields you can give your expert opinion to clients that are looking for solutions to their problems. Freelance business ideas in consulting Marketing Business management Human resources Leadership Advertising Business finance Research Team building Other online and freelance business ideas Found anything for your taste? Or are you still looking for options? Here is a list of more ideas to explore: Content Marketing Design Citizen journalism Influencer Video editing Data analysis Paid ad specialist E-book character illustration Ghostwriting Affiliate marketing Game design Podcasting Vlogging VR design Venture into new freelance business ideas with Ruul No matter which freelance business ideas you want to pursue, Ruul can help you take the reins of your career in your own hands and thrive as a solo talent. Sign up today to get started with all-in-one work and life solutions tailor-made for solopreneurs. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Umut Güncan With a degree in electronic engineering, Umut has over 15 years of experience in the industry. For the past 8 years, he has been leading tech and product teams at companies including Getir, specializing in crafting standout products that give these companies an edge. More Why should freelancers issue late fees? Late payments can be a headache for freelancers. This guide covers everything you need to know about using late fees to protect your business and income. Read more What does “YOLO economy” stand for? Discover how the YOLO Economy is reshaping work culture as young professionals prioritize flexible, impact entrepreneurship on the labor market, purposeful careers over traditional jobs. Read more How Freelancers Can Use Stablecoins for Faster, Secure Payments Discover how stablecoins offer freelancers faster payments, lower fees, and enhanced security. Learn to use stablecoins for global, hassle-free transactions. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. 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https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-522-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 522 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 522 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://v0.11ty.dev/docs/ | Overview | Eleventy, a simpler static site generator. Eleventy Eleventy Documentation Docs Contribute Search GitHub Discord zachleat This is an older version of Eleventy . Go to the newest Eleventy docs (current path: /docs/ ) or the full release history . Menu Overview Glossary Testimonials Getting Started Command Line Usage Starter Projects Debugging Tutorials Quick Tips Supporting Eleventy Open Collective Eleventy Contributors Contributor Account Eleventy Authors Eleventy Leaderboards Working with Templates Layouts Layout Chaining Collections Pagination Pagination Navigation Create Pages From Data Content Dates Permalinks Common Pitfalls Using Data Configure your Templates Eleventy Supplied Data Data Cascade Front Matter Data Customize Front Matter Parsing Template & Directory Data Files Global Data Files Data Preprocessing Data Deep Merge Computed Data JavaScript Data Files Custom Data File Formats Configuration Passthrough File Copy Ignore Files Filters url slug log get*CollectionItem Shortcodes Custom Tags Plugins RSS Syntax Highlighting Navigation Inclusive Language Events Watch and Serve Template Languages HTML Markdown JavaScript JavaScript Template Literals Nunjucks Liquid Handlebars Mustache EJS HAML Pug News Release History Advanced Eleventy is a simpler static site generator. # Eleventy was created to be a JavaScript alternative to Jekyll. It’s zero-config by default but has flexible configuration options. Eleventy works with your project’s existing directory structure. Eleventy uses independent template engines . We don’t want to hold your content hostage. If you decide to use something else later, having your content decoupled in this way will make migration easier. Eleventy works with multiple template languages . You can pick one or use them all together in a single project: HTML *.html Markdown *.md JavaScript *.11ty.js Liquid *.liquid Nunjucks *.njk Handlebars *.hbs Mustache *.mustache EJS *.ejs Haml *.haml Pug *.pug JavaScript Template Literals *.jstl Eleventy is not a JavaScript framework —that means zero boilerplate client-side JavaScript . We’re thinking long term and opting out of the framework rat race. The tool chain, code conventions, and modules you use in your front end stack are decoupled from this tool. Work from a solid foundation of pre-rendered templates that suit your project’s progressive enhancement baseline requirements. Eleventy is incremental . You don’t need to start an Eleventy project from scratch. Eleventy is flexible enough to allow conversion of only a few templates at a time. Migrate as fast or as slow as you’d like. Eleventy works great with data —use both front matter and external data files to inject content into templates. Read more about Eleventy’s project goals . ➡ Keep going! Read Getting Started . Don’t just take my word for it 🌈 # There are a bunch of sites built using Eleventy . But listen to what these happy developers are saying about Eleventy: “Eleventy is almost fascinatingly simple.” — Chris Coyier “I heard Eleventy was good” — Lach Zeatherman “Eleventy is absolutely wonderful. It’s by far the nicest static site generator I’ve used in what feels like forever.” — Addy Osmani “Eleventy is my fave.” — Tatiana Mac “Seriously can't remember enjoying using a Static Site Generator this much. Yes Hugo is rapid, but this is all so logical. It feels like it was designed by someone who has been through lots of pain and success using other SSGs.” — Phil Hawksworth “Eleventy is a killer static site generator. That’s all.” — Sara Soueidan “Jekyll is dead to me” — Andy Bell “Just the kind of simple / common sense tool I love. The data/folder hierarchy mechanism is super obvious and elegant.” — Heydon Pickering Read the replies to: “Fans of Eleventy.... why do you like it better than other static site generators?” “Don’t tell Zach I said it but Eleventy is seeming fresh as hell so far” — Mat Marquis “I actually used Eleventy for the first time this week. Loved it.” — Paul Lewis “Eleventy + Netlify have become my new workflow for static sites. I think I'm in love.” — Mina Markham “Think the reason everyone is loving [Eleventy] so much (myself included) is that it doesn't come with a prescription about data sources or template rendering.” — Brian Leroux “I looked into and actively tried using various static site generators for this project. Eleventy was the only one I could find that gave me the fine-grained control I needed at blazingly fast build times.” — Mathias Bynens “Eleventy and web components go really, really well together.” — Justin Fagnani …and many more! Competitors # This project aims to directly compete with all other Static Site Generators. We encourage you to try out our competition: Jekyll (Ruby) Hugo (Go) Hexo (JavaScript) Gatsby (JavaScript using React) Nuxt (JavaScript using Vue) More at staticgen.com Overview: Glossary Testimonials Eleventy is supported by… # ⭐ 19.1k Please star Eleventy on GitHub! This is an easy way to support our underrated project and help boost our rank on both GitHub and staticgen.com , a giant list of static site generators. Accessibility Contributor Account Created by zachleat Style Guide Credits 19.1k GitHub Stars 211 Monthly Backers | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-551-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 551 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 551 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP error 551 signifies your email was permanently rejected (5xx) and couldn't reach the recipient's address due to recipient information issues (phpmailer, jenkins). This often indicates a non-existent recipient, invalid domain, unauthorized recipient, or content filtering violations. What are the cases covered in SMTP Error 551? Common scenarios triggering SMTP Error 551: Nonexistent Recipient: The recipient's email address ("RCPT TO" or "To:") is invalid and doesn't correspond to a real account or mailbox (phpmailer, jenkins). Invalid Recipient Domain: The recipient's email domain (e.g., example.com) is non-existent, expired, or has DNS (Domain Name System) problems. Unauthorized Recipient: The recipient's domain or address cannot receive your email, or it's blocked by their server for policy reasons. Content Filtering: The email content might contain prohibited elements like spam, malware, or violations of the recipient server's policies. What’s Causing This SMTP Error 551 In Your Servers? Potential causes of SMTP Error 551: Incorrect Recipient Address: Double-check that the recipient's email address is accurate, complete, and belongs to a valid account or mailbox (phpmailer, jenkins). Recipient Domain Issues: Verify that the recipient's email domain is functioning correctly, has no DNS issues, and isn't expired. Contact Recipient Administrators: If the recipient's domain has issues, their administrators might need to intervene to resolve technical problems or adjust email acceptance policies. Review Email Content: Analyze the email for potential policy violations like spammy content, excessive attachments, or malicious links. How to Resolve SMTP Error 551 - Step-by-Step Solution Verify Recipient Address: Ensure the recipient's email address is accurate, complete, and belongs to a valid account or mailbox (phpmailer, jenkins). Check Recipient Domain: Confirm that the recipient's email domain is functioning correctly, has no DNS issues, and isn't expired. Revise Email Content: Address any potential policy violations in the email message, such as removing spammy content or harmful attachments, to comply with the recipient server's policies. Contact Recipient Administrators (if applicable): If the issue lies with the recipient's domain, contact their administrators for assistance. SMTP Error 551 Examples "551 5.1.1 recipient@example.com: Recipient address does not exist." "551 5.4.5 recipient@example.com: Domain name not found. Check recipient domain." "551 5.7.0 recipient@example.com: Unauthorized recipient. Email blocked due to policy reasons." "551 5.1.2 Content filtering detected prohibited content in the email message. Delivery denied." Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. View our Privacy Policy for more information. Preferences Deny Accept Privacy Preference Center When you visit websites, they may store or retrieve data in your browser. This storage is often necessary for the basic functionality of the website. The storage may be used for marketing, analytics, and personalization of the site, such as storing your preferences. Privacy is important to us, so you have the option of disabling certain types of storage that may not be necessary for the basic functioning of the website. Blocking categories may impact your experience on the website. Reject all cookies Allow all cookies Manage Consent Preferences by Category Essential Always Active These items are required to enable basic website functionality. 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https://dev.to/joe-re | joe-re - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions joe-re Software Engineer in Japan Joined Joined on Jan 2, 2018 github website twitter website Work PeopleX Inc. Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Eight Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least eight years. Got it Close Seven Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least seven years. Got it Close Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @joe-re Skills/Languages Japanese, English, Web development Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 4 tags followed I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow joe-re joe-re joe-re Follow Jan 12 I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow # claudecode # tauri # productivity # tmux 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-450-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 450 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 450 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP error 450 is a transient or "4xx" error code returned by a mail server to indicate a temporary issue with the recipient's server that prevented the delivery of an email message. This error suggests that the recipient's server encountered a problem or was temporarily unavailable, causing a delay in email delivery. What's Causing This Error? SMTP error 450 is typically caused by temporary issues on the recipient's side, including: Server overload: The recipient's mail server may be experiencing high traffic or resource limitations, resulting in a temporary inability to process incoming messages. Connection issues: Problems with the network or server infrastructure can lead to temporary delivery failures. Message size or content issues: The recipient's server might have restrictions on email size or content, causing email delivery delays. Greylisting: Some servers use greylisting as an anti-spam measure, which can delay the delivery of emails from unknown senders until the message is reattempted. How to Fix SMTP Error 450? To resolve SMTP Error 450, follow these steps: Wait and retry: In most cases, SMTP error 450 is temporary, and the best approach is to wait and resend the email message later. Check recipient's server status: You can check if the recipient's server is experiencing issues or downtime by contacting their email administrator or checking their status page if available. Review email size and content: If the email message is very large or contains unusual content, consider optimizing it to meet the recipient's server requirements. Contact the recipient: If the issue persists or is a recurring problem, you may contact the recipient to inquire about the status of their email server. SMTP Error 450 Examples Example 1: "450 4.1.1 Temporary server overload. Try again later." Example 2: "450 4.3.2 Connection issues encountered. Delivery delayed." Example 3: "450 4.2.0 Message size exceeds the recipient's limit. Reduce the message size and resend." Example 4: "450 4.7.0 Greylisting in effect. The message will be retried for delivery." Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://www.suprsend.com/email-comparison/amazon-ses-vs-mailerlite-which-email-provider-is-better-in-2024 | The Ultimate 2024 Email Provider Comparison Guide (All Major Platforms Compared) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management The Ultimate 2024 Email Provider Comparison Guide (All Major Platforms Compared) Nikita Navral • November 13, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Choosing the right email provider in 2024 is overwhelming: dozens of vendors, similar claims, and pricing that changes every quarter. This unified guide compiles every head-to-head comparison across major transactional and marketing email platforms, including Postmark, Mailgun, Amazon SES, SendGrid, Brevo, Mailchimp, Mailjet, Elastic Email, SMTP.com, SocketLabs, Netcore, and MailerLite .All insights come directly from detailed comparison files. Quick Intros - What Each Provider Is Best At Transactional-first providers Postmark — ultra-reliable delivery, developer-focused APIs, perfect for confirmations/receipts. Mailgun — strong API tooling, analytics, validation, great for engineering teams. Amazon SES — cheapest at scale, massive throughput, ideal for technical teams. SendGrid — widely adopted, strong analytics, supports marketing + transactional. SMTP.com — dependable infrastructure, solid support, but no free tier. SocketLabs — extremely stable uptime (99.999%) and deep reporting. Elastic Email — very low-cost bulk sending. Marketing-first providers Mailchimp — automation, templates, analytics, widely used. Brevo (Sendinblue) — automation + CRM + SMS, with generous free tiers. MailerLite — affordable, simple, clean automation & landing pages. Mailjet — collaborative editing, good for teams creating campaigns. Netcore (Pepipost) — fast campaign sending, strong IP reputation, developer-friendly. API Depth & Developer Experience Strongest API ecosystems Mailgun — rich event & inbound APIs, full contact management. Postmark — clean REST API + outbound message events. Amazon SES — industrial-grade APIs with identity mgmt, configuration sets. SendGrid — extensive REST APIs covering contacts, events, and marketing. Weaker / limited APIs MailerLite (no send-email endpoint) SMTP.com (no event API) Brevo (no event API) Pricing - Cheapest to Most Expensive Cheapest at scale Amazon SES — $0.02–$0.08 per 1,000 emails + $15/mo. Elastic Email — $0.0002–$0.00005 per email. Netcore — $0.0001–$0.0003 per email. Brevo — $0.0005–$0.0007 per email (with free plan). Mid-range SendGrid — $0.0004–$0.0006. Mailgun — $0.0007–$0.0009. MailerLite — $0.0001–$0.0004. Mailjet — $0.001–$0.0052. Higher-end Postmark — $0.0006–$0.0015. SMTP.com — $0.0005–$0.001. Performance, Reliability & Deliverability Best uptime SocketLabs: 99.999% Postmark: 100% Mailgun: 99.99% Mailchimp: 99.99% Best deliverability for transactional Postmark Mailgun Amazon SES SendGrid Biggest attachments allowed Amazon SES: 40 MB Mailchimp: 25 MB Mailgun: 25 MB SendGrid: 30 MB Security & Compliance Most compliant providers Mailgun — SOC I & II, HIPAA, ISO, GDPR Mailchimp — SOC II, PCI DSS, ISO 27001 Amazon SES — CSA STAR, ISO 27001, 20000-1 Brevo — ISO 27001 + GDPR Weaker compliance Elastic Email — no listed major certifications SMTP.com — limited public disclosure Feature Comparison: Transactional vs Marketing Best for automation Mailchimp Brevo MailerLite Netcore Best for templates Mailchimp MailerLite SendGrid Postmark (for transactional) Best for analytics Mailchimp SendGrid Mailgun SocketLabs User Sentiment (G2 Reviews Summary) Top-rated overall MailerLite: 4.7★ — best ease-of-use and automation simplicity. Postmark: 4.6★ — leaders in transactional reliability. Brevo: 4.6★ — loved for pricing + contact management. Mailgun: 4.3★ — strong for developers. Amazon SES: 4.3★ — delivers reliably at scale. Most criticized SMTP.com — 3.0★ (pricing complaints, cancellations). SendGrid — issues with support responsiveness. Final Recommendations by Use Case Best for startups Brevo (free plan + automation) MailerLite (affordable, modern UI) Best for developers Postmark (reliability) Mailgun (robust APIs) Amazon SES (scale + cost) Best for marketers Mailchimp (ecosystem + templates) Mailjet (team collaboration) Best for high-volume sending Amazon SES Elastic Email Netcore Best overall deliverability Postmark Mailgun Share this blog on: Written by: Nikita Navral Co-Founder, SuprSend Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. View our Privacy Policy for more information. Preferences Deny Accept Privacy Preference Center When you visit websites, they may store or retrieve data in your browser. This storage is often necessary for the basic functionality of the website. The storage may be used for marketing, analytics, and personalization of the site, such as storing your preferences. Privacy is important to us, so you have the option of disabling certain types of storage that may not be necessary for the basic functioning of the website. Blocking categories may impact your experience on the website. Reject all cookies Allow all cookies Manage Consent Preferences by Category Essential Always Active These items are required to enable basic website functionality. Marketing Essential These items are used to deliver advertising that is more relevant to you and your interests. They may also be used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement and measure the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. Advertising networks usually place them with the website operator’s permission. Personalization Essential These items allow the website to remember choices you make (such as your user name, language, or the region you are in) and provide enhanced, more personal features. For example, a website may provide you with local weather reports or traffic news by storing data about your current location. Analytics Essential These items help the website operator understand how its website performs, how visitors interact with the site, and whether there may be technical issues. This storage type usually doesn’t collect information that identifies a visitor. 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https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-513-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 513 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 513 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP Error 513 occurs when the recipient's email addresses are invalid or contain unsupported syntax. A common cause for this error is copying email addresses off websites and copying unsupported characters along with the selected text. What are the cases covered in SMTP Error 513? SMTP Error 513 in phpmailer Instances & Examples: Case 1: "513 5.1.1 recipient@example.com: Recipient address contains unsupported syntax." Case 2: "513 5.4.5 recipient@example.com: Invalid email address format detected." Case 3: "513 5.7.0 recipient@example.com: Recipient's email address is invalid." SMTP Error 513 in Jenkins Instances & Examples: Case 1: "513 5.1.1 recipient@example.com: Recipient address contains unsupported syntax." Case 2: "513 5.4.5 recipient@example.com: Invalid email address format detected." Case 3: "513 5.7.0 recipient@example.com: Recipient's email address is invalid." What’s Causing This SMTP Error 513 In Your Servers? (in pointers) SMTP 513 error in phpmailer and Jenkins can occur due to: Invalid email address syntax: The recipient's email address contains unsupported characters or has an incorrect format. Copying unsupported characters: Copying email addresses from websites may inadvertently include unsupported characters or syntax. Unsupported email address format: The email address format does not adhere to standard conventions. How to Resolve SMTP Error 513 - Step-by-Step Solution To resolve this email smtp error 513 in phpmailer and Jenkins servers, follow these steps: Validate the recipient's email addresses: Ensure that the email addresses are correctly formatted and do not contain any unsupported characters or syntax. Avoid copying unsupported characters: When copying email addresses, ensure that only the valid email address without any additional characters is selected. Manually verify email addresses: If unsure about the validity of an email address, manually verify it with the recipient to ensure correctness and compatibility. By adhering to these steps, you can effectively resolve SMTP Error 513 in both phpmailer and Jenkins environments. Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. View our Privacy Policy for more information. Preferences Deny Accept Privacy Preference Center When you visit websites, they may store or retrieve data in your browser. This storage is often necessary for the basic functionality of the website. The storage may be used for marketing, analytics, and personalization of the site, such as storing your preferences. Privacy is important to us, so you have the option of disabling certain types of storage that may not be necessary for the basic functioning of the website. Blocking categories may impact your experience on the website. Reject all cookies Allow all cookies Manage Consent Preferences by Category Essential Always Active These items are required to enable basic website functionality. Marketing Essential These items are used to deliver advertising that is more relevant to you and your interests. They may also be used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement and measure the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. Advertising networks usually place them with the website operator’s permission. Personalization Essential These items allow the website to remember choices you make (such as your user name, language, or the region you are in) and provide enhanced, more personal features. For example, a website may provide you with local weather reports or traffic news by storing data about your current location. Analytics Essential These items help the website operator understand how its website performs, how visitors interact with the site, and whether there may be technical issues. This storage type usually doesn’t collect information that identifies a visitor. Confirm my preferences and close | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-421-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 421 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 421 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP Error 421 is a transient or "4xx" error code returned by a mail server, indicating its current inability to accept incoming email messages. This error is commonly used to signal temporary service unavailability or congestion on the server. SMTP Error 421 suggests that the sending server should make subsequent attempts later for successful email delivery. What's Causing This Error? SMTP Error 421 can be caused by various temporary issues, including: Server Congestion: The mail server is presently managing a significant influx of incoming email traffic, leading to delays in processing new messages. Rate Limiting: The server may enforce limitations on the number of emails a sender can dispatch within a specific timeframe. Exceeding this limit might trigger a 421 error response. Temporary Server Issues: Transient problems, including server hardware or software glitches, network interruptions, or other temporary issues, can lead to SMTP Error 421. How to Fix SMTP Error 421? To resolve SMTP Error 421, follow these steps: Wait and Retry: SMTP Error 421 is typically a temporary issue that can often be resolved by waiting and attempting email delivery later. The receiving server is expected to eventually accept the message. Check for Rate Limits: If you are sending a significant volume of emails, ensure compliance with any rate limits set by the receiving server. If exceeded, consider spacing out your email dispatch over an extended period. Investigate Server Issues: If SMTP Error 421 persists when sending emails to a specific recipient or domain, it might indicate server problems on the recipient's end. Contact the recipient's email administrator for assistance. SMTP Error 421 Examples "421 Service temporarily unavailable. Please try again later." "421 Rate limit exceeded for sender@example.com. Try again in an hour." "421 Greylisted - Retry email delivery in 15 minutes." Incorporating these suggested steps can help efficiently address SMTP Error 421 in both phpmailer and Jenkins environments. Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. View our Privacy Policy for more information. Preferences Deny Accept Privacy Preference Center When you visit websites, they may store or retrieve data in your browser. This storage is often necessary for the basic functionality of the website. The storage may be used for marketing, analytics, and personalization of the site, such as storing your preferences. Privacy is important to us, so you have the option of disabling certain types of storage that may not be necessary for the basic functioning of the website. Blocking categories may impact your experience on the website. Reject all cookies Allow all cookies Manage Consent Preferences by Category Essential Always Active These items are required to enable basic website functionality. Marketing Essential These items are used to deliver advertising that is more relevant to you and your interests. They may also be used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement and measure the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. Advertising networks usually place them with the website operator’s permission. Personalization Essential These items allow the website to remember choices you make (such as your user name, language, or the region you are in) and provide enhanced, more personal features. For example, a website may provide you with local weather reports or traffic news by storing data about your current location. Analytics Essential These items help the website operator understand how its website performs, how visitors interact with the site, and whether there may be technical issues. This storage type usually doesn’t collect information that identifies a visitor. Confirm my preferences and close | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://ruul.io/blog/fiverr-guide-how-does-a-freelancer-find-a-job-on-fiverr#$%7Bid%7D | The Fiverr Guide for Freelancers: How to Find a Job? Product Payment Requests Get paid anywhere. Sell Services Make your services buyable Sell Products Create once sell forever Subscriptions Get paid on repeat Ruul Space Your personel storefront. One link for everything you offer. Learn more Pricing Resources Partner Programs Referral Program Get 1% for life. Seriously. Affiliate Program Bring users, get paid Partners Let’s grow together. More Blog About us Support Brand Kit For Customers Log in Sign up For Businesses Login Sign up grow Fiverr Guide: How Does a Freelancer Find a Job on Fiverr? Looking for tips about how to find jobs on Fiverr? I’ve shared some great tips here. Eran Karaso 5 min read RUUL FOR INDEPENDENCE You chose independence.We make sure you keep it. Sell your time, your talent, whatever you create or build always on your terms. Get started See Example This is also a heading This is a heading Key Points Have well-optimized Gigs aiming to showcase your services and skills effectively. Create a strong personal profile with a professional photo and clear descriptions of your expertise. Use competitive pricing, add FAQs, and request feedback from your clients. Promote your Gigs on social media and online communities to increase visibility. Everyone can have a profile on Fiverr, but who are all these people making money on this platform? Really? Let’s accept that the real issue is how to find jobs on Fiverr. I saw many questions about that on different platforms. So I decided to share some tricks for finding clients on Fiverr with an article. Keep reading, my friend. How to find work on Fiverr Here you’ll find some practical tips to get the most out of Fiverr that is one of the most popular freelancer platforms. Let’s go! #1. Develop a taste for Fiverr Firstly, understand Fiverr's logic. Speak the same language. The main thing to know is: You're not gonna find job adverts here. Rather, as a freelancer, you are the “Seller” and you showcase your service. To do this, you create Gigs that we will talk about later. #2. Create a personal profile As an independent, you need to look different by creating a personal brand profile. So, wear your professional hat and say “I'm here” in every environment you enter. Your profile is the perfect place to make it happen. How can you do that? Add a bright, clear, and up-to-date photo to your profile, Showcase your talents in your profile. What do you do well? What do you specialize in? Clarifying your skills will make it easier to match you with a suitable job and avoid a nasty surprise for the client. This increases your chances of getting a high-rated review after the service. #3. Create competitive Gigs After creating your profile, the next step is to create a Gig. Remember, Fiverr allows you to create up to six Gigs. Before you rush, I suggest you check out your competitors. What are their visuals like? What do they write in the description? Are their prices competitive? Do they have good reviews and ratings? There are so many questions you can ask. Don't start without examining your competitors. Here are some actionable tips: Instead of "I will design a logo" , try "Modern, eye-catching logo design in 24h | Unlimited revisions" It's said Gigs with videos get 40% more engagement. Take a look at Fiverr’s Gig image template . #4. Set a price The most difficult step for some, I know. You can take a look at your competitors when setting a price. That’s the beauty of these marketplaces. One critical tip would be to make sure you get for your time, effort, and expertise. AND, you also need to be aware of the value you provide for your clients. On Fiverr, you can offer 3 different service packages: basic, standard, and premium. This way, businesses with different budgets and expectations can choose you. However, since Fiverr is a low-budget marketplace, you may not find the high-paying jobs you dream of. Find a balance between your expectations and the average of Fiverr ecosystem. This article also can help you in this step: What Are The Mistakes to Avoid When Creating An Fiverr Offer? #5. Categorize your Gig correctly Remember, Fiverr has its own search engine, so it's important to optimize your Gigs. How? By selecting the right keywords and categories. When you use relevant keywords, people looking for your service will find you easily. Use these keywords first in the title and then in the description. And finally, be careful when choosing a service category. Fill in the subcategories and let Fiverr categorize your Gig correctly. This is a very important tip that will increase the exposure of your Gigs, so don't skip it. #6. Add extra Gig services There is a way to make your Gigs more profitable: Add optional extras to your Gig. The price of your service is fixed. But you can increase your income by adding more features to your order. For example, if you provide one free version, you could charge for a second revision. Or you can add these options to your services: Deeper research, Faster delivery, Different file formats, and Additional fee for after-service counseling? You can adapt any of these to your own service. #7. Add FAQs to Gigs When a customer clicks on your Gig, questions may arise in their mind. If they don’t find the answers they need, they might leave the page. To prevent this, add an FAQs section to the Gig. Ask questions like a customer and answer them transparently. This will save you from answering all questions manually. In the meantime, your Gigs will get more attention. #8. Share your Gigs on social media What we talked about until now is what you have to do to start using Fiverr. So, let's dive deeper to get the most out of this platform. One good way is to spread the word. Use the power of social media to promote your Gigs. Which platform do you have a large user base on? Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, LinkedIn, or your blog site? You can add a link to your Gig to showcase your services on various platforms and unlock Fiverr's full potential. So, don't just create your Gigs haphazardly and wait for clients to come to you. Take the leap to stand out. Help them find you. #9. Get high-rated reviews Generally, customers do not trust a newly launched profile. That's why you must be patient when publishing your first Gig. If you have made the first sale, make sure everything is good enough: Communicate strongly, Answer questions transparently, Understand customer expectations, Accept the revision. This increases your chances of getting a good review. Also, customers often tend to avoid commenting and scoring. You need to encourage them. Don’t be shy to ask for feedback. Everybody knows it matters to you as an independent. No need to be creepy, just a simple "If you're happy with the service, a review would mean a lot!" would work. #10. Use Fiverr's performance analysis services As a seller, you can analyze your performance on Fiverr. To do this, click on a Gig in the list and scroll down the page. You will get the following analyses: Impressions Clicks Orders Cancellations Conversion rates These statistics are available as a graph on the page. If you want, you can filter by months and days. You can also find statistics such as average delivery time on this page. These are effective tips for improving your services. Therefore, pay attention to the statistics and stick to the principle of “continuous improvement”. #11. Check out Fiverr Pro freelancer If you can prove your expertise, you can stand out with Fiverr Pro. Remember, Fiverr Pro is only given for free to freelancers who meet the requirements. Fiverr Pro benefits: Pro badge Premium client access Client recommendations Onboarding support Exclusive community Client protection Past work experience Hourly work If you are confident in your expertise, you can fill out the Fiverr Pro application form. Key: Do not give up I'm not going to tell you that it's easy to get a job on Fiverr, especially your first job. That would be a big lie. Just a quick search on Quora reveals the challenge of finding a job on Fiverr. But the answers give hope. There's a high chance no one will view or click on your first Gig for a while. That's the rule of business: no venture starts perfectly. So list a Gig regularly and stay motivated. When you get your first job and comment, it will most likely continue. Using Fiverr for existing clients to pay you easily? I know many people do that. Actually, Ruul can be a better option for you in this case because it allows independents to worry less about payment with easy invoicing processes. Also, For orders up to $500, Fiverr charges a 20% commission fee while it’s only 2.75% on Ruul. With 190 countries, 140 currencies, and crypto payment options, it's easy to take care of your clients all over the world. Try now. FAQ 1. How long does it take to get the first job on Fiverr? There’s no fixed timeline, as it depends on your niche, gig optimization, and promotion efforts. There is no guarantee that you will get one - honestly. 2. Is it difficult to get work on Fiverr? Getting work on Fiverr can be challenging at first, but with optimized gigs, competitive pricing, and active promotion, you can attract clients. Success takes patience, consistency, and refining your strategy based on Fiverr analytics and buyer behavior. 3. How much can a beginner earn on Fiverr? A beginner on Fiverr can earn anywhere from $50 to $500+ per month. 4. What is Fiverr Go? Fiverr Go offers a set of AI-driven tools tailored for freelancers to build, train, and oversee their own AI models. It features: AI Creation Models – Personalized AI models enable freelancers to produce content reflecting their distinct styles. Personal Assistant – An AI-powered chat assistant handles client inquiries by using the freelancer’s expertise, Gig information, and communication tone. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Eran Karaso Eran Karaso is a marketing and brand strategy leader with more than a decade of experience helping global tech companies connect with their audiences. He’s built brand narratives that stick, led successful go-to-market strategies, and worked hand-in-hand with cross-functional teams to ensure everyone is on the same page. More What is a digital nomad and how do they make money? Digital nomads are individuals who use telecommunications to work remotely and live a nomadic lifestyle, and they have multiple ways to earn money while traveling. Read more Smart, speedy and sleek: Meet the new Ruul dashboard Introducing the new Ruul dashboard: smart, speedy, and sleek. Discover an enhanced user experience designed to streamline your workflow and maximize productivity Read more What Is Linktree And How Freelancers Use It To Get Paid? Discover how Linktree helps content creators monetize their audience and why freelancers are switching to Ruul Space for invoicing, payments, and tax compliance. Read more MORE THAN 120,000 Independents Over 120,000 independents trust Ruul to sell their services, digital products, and securely manage their payments. FROM 190 Countries Truly global coverage: trusted across 190 countries with seamless payouts available in 140 currencies. PROCESSED $200m+ of Transactions Over $200M successfully processed, backed by an 8-year legacy of secure, reliable transactions trusted by independents worldwide. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Everything you need to know. Get clear, straightforward answers to the most common questions about using Ruul. hey@ruul.io What is Ruul? Ruul is a merchant-of-record platform helping freelancers and creators globally sell services, digital products, subscriptions, and easily get paid. Who is Ruul for? Ruul is designed for freelancers, creators, and independent professionals who want a simple way to sell online and get paid globally. How does Ruul work? Open an account, complete a quick verification (KYC), and link your payout account. Then, start selling through your store or send payment requests to customers instantly. How does pricing work? Signing up is free. There are no subscription or hidden fees. Ruul charges a small commission only when you sell or get paid through the platform. What is a Merchant of Record? A merchant of record is the legal seller responsible for processing payments, handling taxes, and managing compliance for each transaction. What can I sell on Ruul? You can sell services, digital products, license keys, online courses, subscriptions, and digital memberships. How do I get paid on Ruul? Add your preferred bank account, digital wallet, or receive payouts in stablecoins as crypto. Funds arrive within 24 hours after a payout is triggered. OPEN AN ACCOUNT START MAKING MONEY TODAY ruul.space/ Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form. Trustpilot Product Payment Requests Sell Services Sell Products Subscriptions Ruul Space Pricing For Businesses Resources Blog About Contact Support Referral Program Affiliate Program Partner Program Tools Invoice Generator NDA Generator Service Agreement Generator Freelancer Hourly Rate Calculator All Rights Reserved © 2025 Terms Of Use Privacy Policy | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/windows-terminal-preview-v0-9-release/#mainContent | Windows Terminal Preview v0.9 Release - Windows Command Line Skip to main content Microsoft Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Home Developer Microsoft for Developers Visual Studio Visual Studio Code Develop from the cloud All things Azure Xcode DevOps Windows Developer ISE Developer Azure SDK Command Line Aspire Technology DirectX Semantic Kernel Languages C++ C# F# TypeScript PowerShell Team Python Java Java Blog in Chinese Go .NET All .NET posts .NET Aspire .NET MAUI AI ASP.NET Core Blazor Entity Framework NuGet Servicing .NET Blog in Chinese Platform Development #ifdef Windows Microsoft Foundry Azure Government Azure VM Runtime Team Bing Dev Center Microsoft Edge Dev Microsoft Azure Microsoft 365 Developer Microsoft Entra Identity Developer Old New Thing Power Platform Data Development Azure Cosmos DB Azure Data Studio Azure SQL OData Revolutions R Unified Data Model (IDEAs) Microsoft Entra PowerShell More Search Search No results Cancel Dev Blogs Windows Command Line Windows Terminal Preview v0.9 Release February 13th, 2020 0 reactions Windows Terminal Preview v0.9 Release Kayla Cinnamon Senior Developer Advocate Show more The v0.9 release of the Windows Terminal has arrived! This is the last version of the Terminal that will include new features before the v1 release. You can download the Windows Terminal from the Microsoft Store or from the GitHub releases page . Let’s dive into what’s new! Command Line Arguments The wt execution alias now supports command line arguments! You can now launch Terminal with new tabs and panes split just how you like, with the profiles you like, starting in the directories you like! The possibilities are endless! Here are some examples: wt -d . Opens the Terminal with the default profile in the current working directory. wt -d . ; new-tab -d C:\ pwsh.exe Opens the Terminal with two tabs. The first is running the default profile starting in the current working directory. The second is using the default profile with pwsh.exe as the "commandline" (instead of the default profile’s "commandline" ) starting in the C:\ directory. wt -p "Windows PowerShell" -d . ; split-pane -V wsl.exe Opens the Terminal with two panes, split vertically. The top pane is running the profile with the name “Windows Terminal” and the bottom pane is running the default profile using wsl.exe as the "commandline" (instead of the default profile’s "commandline" ). wt -d C:\Users\cinnamon\GitHub\WindowsTerminal ; split-pane -p "Command Prompt" ; split-pane -p "Ubuntu" -d \\wsl$\Ubuntu\home\cinnak -H See below. 😊 If you’d like to read up on everything you can do with our new command line arguments, check out the full documentation here . Auto-Detect PowerShell If you’re a big fan of PowerShell Core , we have great news for you. The Windows Terminal will now detect any version of PowerShell and automatically create a profile for you. The PowerShell version we think looks best (starting from highest version number, to the most GA version, to the best-packaged version) will be named as “PowerShell” and will take the original PowerShell Core slot in the dropdown. Confirm Close All Tabs Are you someone who always wants to close all of your tabs without being asked every time? If you said yes, this new feature is for you! A new global setting has been created that allows you to always hide the “Close All Tabs” confirmation dialog. You can set "confirmCloseAllTabs" to false at the top of your profiles.json file and you’ll never see that popup again! Thanks to @rstat1 for the contribution of this new setting. 😊 Other Improvements ⭐ Accessibility: You can now navigate word-by-word using Narrator or NVDA! ⭐ You can now drag and drop a file into the Terminal and the file path will be printed! ⭐ Ctrl+Ins and Shift+Ins are bound by default to copy and paste respectively! ⭐ You can now hold Shift and click to expand your selection! ⭐ VS Code keys used for key bindings are now supported (i.e. "pgdn" and "pagedown" are both valid)! Bug Fixes 🐛 Accessibility: Terminal won’t crash when Narrator is running! 🐛 Terminal won’t crash when you provide an invalid background image or icon path! 🐛 Our popup dialogs all now have rounded buttons! 🐛 The search box now works properly in high contrast! 🐛 Some ligatures will render more correctly! Top Contributors We always love working with our community and we’d like to give out our monthly contribution awards. Check out the winners! Contributors Who Opened the Most Non-Duplicate Issues 🏆 j4james 🏆 JekRock 🏆 jsoref 🏆 vadimkantorov Contributors Who Created the Most Merged Pull Requests 🏆 j4james 🏆 german-one 🏆 Harmon758 🏆 vtabota 🏆 mkitzan 🏆 rholliday 🏆 iamakulov Contributors Who Provided the Most Comments on Pull Requests 🏆 jsoref 🏆 j4james 🏆 german-one Let’s Chat If you ever have any questions or feedback, feel free to reach out to Kayla ( @cinnamon_msft ) on Twitter or file an issue on GitHub . We hope you like this feature-complete release of the Terminal before v1 and we’ll be back with another update soon! 0 9 0 Share on Facebook Share on X Share on Linkedin Copy Link --> Category Cmd Command Line Command-Line Linux tools MS-DOS Windows 10 Windows Console Windows Store Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) Windows Terminal Topics Accessibility Bash cmd Command-Line Console Linux MS-DOS PowerShell Terminal Windows Windows 10 WSL Share Author Kayla Cinnamon Senior Developer Advocate Senior Developer Advocate, former PM for Windows Terminal, Microsoft PowerToys, Cascadia Code, and Windows Developer Experiences. 9 comments Discussion is closed. Login to edit/delete existing comments. Code of Conduct Sort by : Newest Newest Popular Oldest jkim --> jkim --> March 25, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> This is a good feature. By customizing the opening like ‘wt -p “Ubuntu” -d \\wsl$\Ubuntu\home\user’, I don’t need to change my windows home folder (/mnt/c/Users/user) to Linux one (/home/user) everytime I open my Ubuntu profile any more, which has been bugging me for weeks. What’s strange is that this trick (using -d flag to specify the starting directory) does not seem to work with Powershell Profile though: whatever directory I try, it just starts in the %USERPROFILE% folder. P L --> P L --> March 7, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Looks good! But when I launch WT from the address bar of File Explorer, it takes me to my home directory, not the directory that I’m in. If I invoke cmd or powershell they take me to the current folder directory. 🙁 Jon Miller --> Jon Miller --> March 1, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> I’m trying to use the nano.exe that comes with Git for Windows. Some of the commands such as Ctrl+Home, Ctrl+End, Shift+Home, and Shift+End aren’t working. It’s not working in Windows Terminal or the PowerShell/cmd console window. It does work in a WSL Ubuntu window. I’m assuming this is a problem with the nano.exe that comes with Git for Windows? Or, would it be a problem with the console? Paolo Rosso --> Paolo Rosso --> February 20, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Hi, is possible to configure split-pane when windows terminal start? thanks Derek Price --> Derek Price --> February 19, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Can't figure out how to launch Windows Terminal from a PowerShell prompt and have it work. From one of the examples above, if I type in: ❯ wt -p "Windows PowerShell" -d . ; split-pane -V wsl.exe split-pane: The term 'split-pane' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again. You get an error since PowerShell recognizes the semicolon as a statement terminator. I tried using & with the same result. Also, your PowerShell window... Read more Can’t figure out how to launch Windows Terminal from a PowerShell prompt and have it work. From one of the examples above, if I type in: ❯ wt -p “Windows PowerShell” -d . ; split-pane -V wsl.exe split-pane: The term ‘split-pane’ is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again. You get an error since PowerShell recognizes the semicolon as a statement terminator. I tried using & with the same result. Also, your PowerShell window is locked until you exit wt. What am I missing here? Thanks, Derek Read less Derek Price --> Derek Price --> February 20, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Figured it out: Start-Process "wt" '-p PowerShell ; new-tab PowerShell' Julian Knight --> Julian Knight --> February 14, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Hmm, well split pane is a start but who thought it a good idea not to bother to implement some way of doing from - you know "Windows" after which the OS is named?! In fact, you can't even do it from PowerShell! Neither can you split panes from an open WSL or other Linux shell. :-( Nor can you resize the split? And this is v0.9? Sorry all but that kind of misses the mark. I have to open a terminal (cmd.exe only), then issue the command which opens a new terminal Window. Then I can't resize the split. Seems like a... Read more Hmm, well split pane is a start but who thought it a good idea not to bother to implement some way of doing from – you know “Windows” after which the OS is named?! In fact, you can’t even do it from PowerShell! Neither can you split panes from an open WSL or other Linux shell. 🙁 Nor can you resize the split? And this is v0.9? Sorry all but that kind of misses the mark. I have to open a terminal (cmd.exe only), then issue the command which opens a new terminal Window. Then I can’t resize the split. Seems like a long way to v1. But “This is the last release that will have new features before the v1 release” – ??? So you are really going to release it as a v1 in this state?! Please don’t, it is embarrassing. Don’t get me wrong, I’m loving the fact that Windows Terminal is finally getting some decent attention after so many years of neglect but the current delivery isn’t terribly “Windows-like”. Read less João Antonio Santana --> João Antonio Santana --> February 14, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> The Windows Terminal will now detect any version of PowerShell and automatically create a profile for you. This includes Developer PowerShell (yes, i know it wasn’t a version strictly speaking)? Arun K --> Arun K --> February 14, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Does windows terminal have emoji support just yet? When I type an emoji into power shell I get ?? and not the emoji like in the preview video. I tried different fonts too (Segoe emoji), déjà sans etc. No luck. Read next March 13, 2020 WSL 2 will be generally available in Windows 10, version 2004 Craig Loewen March 17, 2020 Windows Terminal Preview v0.10 Release Kayla Cinnamon Stay informed Get notified when new posts are published. Email * Country/Region * Select... 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https://dev.to/djuleayo/service-as-architecture-reversal-2gli#comments | Service as Architecture Reversal - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse djuleayo Posted on Jan 12 • Originally published at e3690c49.personalpage-ahl.pages.dev on Jan 12 Service as Architecture Reversal # architecture # discuss # webdev Service as Architecture Reversal Link to heading In the early internet, the intent was simple: distribute textual files with minimal markup. To support this, a client–server architecture was adopted. The naming was not accidental. A server served . The client was the master . The server could not act unless requested. It could not speak unless spoken to. This asymmetry was a core design principle of the internet. Today, our intuition feels inverted. We scroll. We are notified. We are fed. It feels as if we are no longer the masters of the system, but its dependents. How did this reversal happen? Capability Link to heading A service exposes a capability. Take a barber. A haircut is a convenience — until you cannot cut your own hair. At that point, convenience becomes dependency. The moment you lose capability, the service becomes a control surface . This is exactly what happened to software. Software as a Service is an architectural reversal : instead of software serving on request, access to capability itself is mediated. You no longer act directly. You must go through the service. Control Surfaces Link to heading Consider a simple example: taking a screenshot in WhatsApp. You own the hardware. The hardware is capable. The action is legal. You want to do it. Yet you cannot. The application forbids it. And who grants the application that authority? The operating system. This is the root. Modern operating systems increasingly allow applications to define rules over hardware you own. Capability is no longer assumed — it is granted. A second example is even more revealing: offline functionality . Your computer is powerful enough to edit documents, organize files, or process data locally. Yet many tools refuse to function without an internet connection. Not because computation is impossible — but because capability has been relocated behind a service boundary. When the network disappears, so does your ability to act. The Reversal Link to heading Most people will never modify an operating system. They will never build tools. They will accept the service. And so the architecture completes its reversal. The system that was meant to serve becomes a gatekeeper. The user that was meant to command becomes dependent. This is not a conspiracy. It is the cumulative result of convenience traded for capability. Resolution Link to heading The loss of freedom did not begin with surveillance or advertising. It began earlier — with the quiet removal of user capability. The way forward is not rejecting services. It is refusing to confuse convenience with ownership . Use services where they save time. Avoid them where they become gates. Prefer tools that work locally. Prefer systems that degrade gracefully. Prefer architectures where capability exists before permission. Because in the end, whoever holds capability holds agency. Freedom didn’t disappear when we were watched. It disappeared when we stopped being capable. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse djuleayo Follow Building graph-first systems, dynamically constructed parsers. Into DX, and composable automation. 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https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-500-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 500 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 500 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP error 500 is a generic permanent error code returned by a mail server, indicating a failure in email delivery. This error code doesn't specify the exact reason for the failure but indicates a fundamental issue that prevented the server from accepting or delivering the email. SMTP error 500 falls under the "5xx" class of errors, denoting permanent failures. SMTP Error 500 Examples: "500 5.5.1 Syntax error in email message. Check message format." "500 5.7.1 Content blocked due to policy violations. Email flagged as spam." "500 5.3.4 Authentication failed. Please check your login credentials." "500 5.4.3 DNS configuration error. Verify DNS settings for sender@example.com." What's Causing This Error? SMTP error 500 can be triggered by various issues, including: Syntax errors: The email message or SMTP commands may contain syntax errors that make it impossible for the server to process the message. Policy violations: The email message might violate the recipient server's policies, such as sending spam, containing malicious content, or exceeding size limits. Authentication issues: Incorrect login credentials or lack of proper authentication may result in SMTP error 500 when trying to send emails. DNS issues: Problems with DNS (Domain Name System) configuration or resolution can affect the delivery of emails. How to fix SMTP Error 500? To resolve SMTP error 500, follow these steps: Review email content: Carefully inspect the content of the email message to ensure it complies with the recipient server's policies. Remove or modify any content that may be flagged as spam, malicious, or in violation of policies. Check for syntax errors: Ensure that the email message and SMTP commands do not contain syntax errors. Incorrectly placed commas, periods, or other punctuation can trigger errors. Verify authentication: If authentication is required, confirm that the login credentials are correct and that the email client or server is properly configured for authentication. Address DNS issues: If DNS problems are suspected, ensure that the DNS settings for the sender's domain and the recipient's domain are correctly configured. Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-552-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 552 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 552 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP error 552 signifies your email was permanently rejected (5xx) due to issues with its size or content (phpmailer, jenkins). This indicates the message exceeded server size limits or violated content policies. What are the cases covered in SMTP Error 552? Common scenarios triggering SMTP Error 552: Oversized Emails: The email, including attachments, exceeds the recipient server's size limits (set to conserve resources and prevent abuse). Policy Violations: The email content violates the recipient server's policies, such as containing spam, malware, or prohibited file types. Problematic Attachments: Large or problematic attachments within the email might trigger this error. Rate Limiting: Some servers use SMTP error 552 to limit email sending rates to prevent server overload. What’s Causing This SMTP Error 552 In Your Servers? Potential causes of SMTP Error 552: Reduce Message Size: Compress attachments, use file-sharing services for large files, or break content into smaller messages (phpmailer, jenkins). Review Content: Ensure email content complies with recipient server policies. Remove or modify anything flagged as spam or malicious. Verify Attachment Sizes: Check attachment sizes and consider file-sharing services for large files to avoid exceeding limits. Respect Rate Limits: Send emails at a slower rate to comply with recipient server policies. How to Resolve SMTP Error 552 - Step-by-Step Solution Reduce Message Size: Compress attachments. Use file-sharing services for large files. Break content into smaller messages (phpmailer, jenkins). Review Content: Ensure content complies with recipient server policies. Remove or modify anything flagged as spam or malicious. Verify Attachment Sizes: Check attachment sizes. Use file-sharing services for large files to avoid exceeding limits. Respect Rate Limits: Send emails at a slower rate to comply with recipient server policies. SMTP Error 552 Examples "552 5.3.4 Message size exceeds limit. Maximum message size is 10 MB." "552 5.7.1 Content blocked due to policy violations. Email flagged as spam." "552 5.6.2 Attachment too large. Please use a file-sharing service for large files." "552 5.4.3 Rate limit exceeded for sender@example.com. Slow down email sending." Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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Marketing Essential These items are used to deliver advertising that is more relevant to you and your interests. They may also be used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement and measure the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. Advertising networks usually place them with the website operator’s permission. Personalization Essential These items allow the website to remember choices you make (such as your user name, language, or the region you are in) and provide enhanced, more personal features. For example, a website may provide you with local weather reports or traffic news by storing data about your current location. Analytics Essential These items help the website operator understand how its website performs, how visitors interact with the site, and whether there may be technical issues. This storage type usually doesn’t collect information that identifies a visitor. Confirm my preferences and close | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/devops/exploring-new-frontiers-for-git-push-performance/ | Exploring new frontiers for Git push performance - Azure DevOps Blog Skip to main content Microsoft Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Home Developer Microsoft for Developers Visual Studio Visual Studio Code Develop from the cloud All things Azure Xcode DevOps Windows Developer ISE Developer Azure SDK Command Line Aspire Technology DirectX Semantic Kernel Languages C++ C# F# TypeScript PowerShell Team Python Java Java Blog in Chinese Go .NET All .NET posts .NET Aspire .NET MAUI AI ASP.NET Core Blazor Entity Framework NuGet Servicing .NET Blog in Chinese Platform Development #ifdef Windows Microsoft Foundry Azure Government Azure VM Runtime Team Bing Dev Center Microsoft Edge Dev Microsoft Azure Microsoft 365 Developer Microsoft Entra Identity Developer Old New Thing Power Platform Data Development Azure Cosmos DB Azure Data Studio Azure SQL OData Revolutions R Unified Data Model (IDEAs) Microsoft Entra PowerShell More Search Search No results Cancel Dev Blogs Azure DevOps Blog Exploring new frontiers for Git push performance May 15th, 2019 0 reactions Exploring new frontiers for Git push performance Derrick Stolee Principal Software Engineer Show more In previous posts I’ve talked about performance improvements that our team contributed to the Git community. At Microsoft, we’ve been pushing Git to its limits with the largest and busiest Git repositories on the planet , improving core Git as we go and sending these improvements back upstream. With Git 2.21.0 and later you can take advantage of a new sparse pack algorithm that we developed to dramatically improve the git push operation on large repos. For example, the Windows team saw a 7.7x performance boost once they enabled this new feature. In this post I want to explain the new sparse pack algorithm and why it improves performance. If you want to try it yourself, the new algorithm is available in Git and Git for Windows versions 2.21.0 and later. We also shipped this algorithm in VFS for Git 1.0.19052.1 and later . If you want to skip the details and enable this on your machine, run the following config command: git config --global pack.useSparse true This enables the new “sparse” algorithm when constructing a pack in the underlying git pack-objects command during a push. Let’s dig into the difference between the old and new algorithms. To follow the full details, you may want to brush up on some Git fundamentals, such as the basic Git objects: commit, tree, and blob . What does git push do? When you run git push from your client machine, Git shows something like this: $ git push origin topic Enumerating objects: 3670, done. Counting objects: 100% (2369/2369), done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads Compressing objects: 100% (546/546), done. Writing objects: 100% (1378/1378), 468.06 KiB | 7.67 MiB/s, done. Total 1378 (delta 1109), reused 1096 (delta 832) remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (1109/1109), completed with 312 local objects. To https://server.info/fake.git * [new branch] topic -> topic That’s a lot of data to process. Today, I want to focus on the “Enumerating Objects” phase. Specifically, there is a computation that happens before any progress is output at all, and it can be very slow in a large repo. In the Windows repo, “Enumerating objects” was taking up to 87% of the time to push even small changes. Instead of walking at least three million objects, we are now walking fewer than one thousand in most cases. What does “Enumerating objects” mean? When you create a new repo, the first push collects all objects and sends them in a single pack-file to the remote. This is essentially the same operation as a git clone , but in reverse. In the same way that later git fetch operations are usually faster than your first git clone , later pushes should be faster than your first push. To save time, Git constructs a pack-file that contains the commit you are trying to push, as well as all commits, trees, and blobs (collectively, objects) that the server will need to understand that commit. It finds a set of commits, trees, and blobs such that every reachable object is either in the set or known to be on the server. The old algorithm first walks and marks the objects that are known to be on the server, then walks the new objects, stopping at the marked objects. The new algorithm walks these objects at the same time. To understand how it does that, let’s explore the frontiers of Git. The Commit Frontier When deciding which objects to send in a push, Git first determines a small, important set of commits called the frontier . Starting at the set of remote references and at the branch we are trying to push, Git walks the commit history until finding a set of commits that are reachable from both. Commits reachable from the remote refs are marked as uninteresting while the other commits are marked as interesting . The commit frontier The uninteresting commits that are direct parents of interesting commits form the frontier. This frontier set is likely very small when pushing a single branch from a developer. This could grow if your branch contains many merge commits formed from git pull commands. Since this frontier is much smaller than the full set of uninteresting commits, Git will ignore the rest of the uninteresting commits and focus on the frontier for the remainder of the command. An important feature of the new algorithm is that we walk the uninteresting and interesting commits at the same time. At each step, we use the commit date as a heuristic for deciding which commit to explore next. This helps identify the frontier without walking the entire commit history, which is usually much larger than the full explored set. The rest of the algorithm walks trees to find which trees and blobs are important to include in the push. Old Algorithm To determine which trees and blobs are interesting, the old algorithm first determined all uninteresting trees and blobs. Starting at every uninteresting commit in the frontier, recursively walk from its root tree and mark all reachable trees and blobs as uninteresting. This walk skips trees that were already marked as uninteresting to avoid revisiting potentially large portions of the graph. Since Git objects form a Merkle tree , portions of the working directory that do not change between commits are stored as the same trees and blobs, with the same object hash. In the figure below, this is represented by a smaller set of trees walked from the second uninteresting commit. The “already uninteresting” connections are marked by arcs into the larger uninteresting set. The default algorithm for walking trees during a push After all uninteresting trees and blobs are marked, walk starting at the root trees of the interesting commits. All trees and blobs that are not already marked as uninteresting are marked interesting. The issue with this algorithm is clear: if your repo has thousands of paths and you only changed a few files, then the uninteresting set is much larger than the interesting set. In large repos, there could easily be hundreds of thousands of paths. In the Windows OS repo, there are more than three million paths. To fix the performance, we need to make this process more like the commit frontier calculation: we need to walk interesting and uninteresting trees at the same time to avoid walking too many uninteresting objects! New Algorithm The new algorithm uses paths as our heuristic to help find the “tree frontier” between the interesting and uninteresting objects. To illustrate this, let’s consider a very simple example. Imagine we have a large codebase whose folder structure starts with folders A1 and A2. In each of those folders is a pair of folders B1 and B2, and so on along the Latin alphabet. Imagine that we have interesting content in each of these folders. As you are doing your work, you create a topic branch containing one commit, and that commit adds a new file at A2/B2/C2/MyFile.txt. You want to push this change, and thinking about the simple diff between your commit and its parent you need to send one commit, four trees, and one blob. Here is a figure describing the diff: A simple example for a single commit As you walk down your change, you can ignore all of the trees along paths A1, A2/B1, A2/B2/C1, A2/B2/C2/D1, and A2/B2/C2/D2 since you don’t change any objects in those paths. The old algorithm is recursive: it takes a tree and runs the algorithm on all subtrees. This doesn’t help us in the example above, as we will need to walk all 2 26 paths (approximately 67 million paths). This is an extreme example, but it demonstrates the inefficiency. The new algorithm uses the paths to reduce the scope of the tree walk. It is also recursive, but it takes a set of trees. As we start the algorithm, the set of trees contains the root trees for the uninteresting and the interesting commits. As we examine trees in the set, we mark all blobs in an uninteresting tree as uninteresting. It is more complicated to handle the subtrees. We create a collection of tree sets, each associated with a path name. When we examine a tree, we read each subtree as a (path, tree) pair. We place the subtree in the set corresponding to that path. If the original tree is uninteresting, we mark the subtree as uninteresting. After we create the collection of tree sets, we recursively explore each set. The trick is that we do not need to explore a set that contains only uninteresting trees or only interesting trees. This process is visualized in the figure below. The new tree walk recursively explores paths containing interesting and uninteresting trees In this specific example our root trees contain three paths that point to trees: A, B, and C. None of the interesting trees change any files in A, so all of those trees are uninteresting and we can stop exploring. The uninteresting trees do not contain the path C (this must be a new path introduced by the interesting commits) so we can stop exploring that path. The trees at the path B are both uninteresting and interesting, so we recursively explore that set. Inside the trees at B, we have subtrees with names F and G. Both sets have interesting and uninteresting paths, so we recurse into each set. This continues into B/F and B/G. The B/F set will not recurse into B/F/M or B/F/N and the B/G set will not recurse into B/G/X but not B/G/Y. Keep in mind that in each set of trees, we are marking blobs as uninteresting, too. They are just not depicted in the figure. If you want a more interactive description of this algorithm, John Briggs talked about this algorithm as part of his talk at Git Merge 2019. You can watch the whole video below, or jump to his description of the push algorithm . When you use this algorithm as a developer doing normal topic work, this algorithm successfully focuses the tree walk to paths that you actually changed. In most cases, that set is much smaller than the set of paths in your working directory, which is how git push can get so much faster. If you want to get into the code, you can inspect the patches to Git directly . The meat of the algorithm is implemented in this commit , and includes some concrete performance numbers. 0 0 0 Share on Facebook Share on X Share on Linkedin Copy Link --> Category Git & Version Control Open Source Share Author Derrick Stolee Principal Software Engineer A former mathematician currently contributing to the Git community. Focused on performance. 0 comments Discussion is closed. Code of Conduct Read next May 15, 2019 What’s new in Azure DevOps Sprint 151 + Microsoft Build announcements Anisha Pindoria May 17, 2019 Top Stories from the Microsoft DevOps Community – 2019.05.17 Edward Thomson Stay informed Get notified when new posts are published. Email * Country/Region * Select... 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https://dev.to/iromanika/what-we-intentionally-removed-when-building-a-feature-flag-service-180d | What we intentionally removed when building a feature flag service - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Illia Posted on Jan 12 What we intentionally removed when building a feature flag service # programming # saas # startup # webdev In a previous post, I wrote about how feature flag tooling often grows beyond what small teams actually need — accumulating workflows, permissions, and pricing models designed primarily for large organizations. This time, I want to focus on the opposite side of that conversation. Instead of discussing what feature flag platforms add over time, I want to outline what we deliberately didn’t build when designing a feature flag service — and why those omissions matter just as much as the features themselves. Reducing the surface area One of the first decisions was to keep the surface area as small as possible. That meant intentionally avoiding things like: multi-step approval workflows deeply nested permission models per-flag configuration matrices role hierarchies that change behaviour depending on context Not because these features are inherently bad — but because they introduce operational decisions that many small teams simply don’t need to make. For most day-to-day use cases, a feature flag answers a very simple question: Is this on or off in this environment right now? Anything that complicates that decision adds cognitive load, not clarity. Keeping flag behaviour boring Feature flags are an operational tool, not a delivery mechanism. From a product perspective, teams shouldn’t have to think about how often flags refresh, when updates propagate, or what happens under the hood when a value changes. What matters is much simpler: flag behaviour should be consistent changes should be reflected in a reasonable timeframe client-side behaviour should be predictable across environments When teams start reasoning about update intervals, cache lifetimes, or synchronisation edge cases, feature flags stop being a tool and start becoming infrastructure. We deliberately focused on keeping flag behaviour boring — no special cases, no platform-specific rules, no mental overhead around “how this works”. How updates are delivered internally can evolve over time. The goal is to make sure teams don’t have to care. Environment-aware flags Most products operate across multiple environments: development, staging, production, previews. Environment isolation is important, but it doesn’t need to introduce additional configuration layers or separate workflows. A single feature flag defines its values across environments. Each environment has its own on/off state, while the flag itself remains the same. At runtime, environments are fully isolated: clients only ever receive values for the environment they’re configured for. This keeps configuration explicit and predictable, without introducing additional rules or conditional logic. Optimizing for day-to-day usage A recurring theme in larger platforms is supporting every possible use case: long-lived experiments gradual rollouts user targeting analytics-driven decisions Those are valid needs — but they’re not universal needs. For many teams, feature flags are primarily used for: enabling or disabling incomplete features decoupling deployment from release quickly reacting to production issues Optimizing for these day-to-day scenarios means saying no to features that only become relevant much later — if at all. Where this led us These constraints and decisions eventually became Feato — a simple feature flag management system focused on clarity rather than enterprise workflows. The goal wasn’t to compete feature-for-feature with existing platforms, but to offer something that stays lightweight as long as the team itself is lightweight. If you’re dealing with similar trade-offs — trying to keep operational overhead low while still retaining control over releases — this approach might resonate. You can learn more here: https://feato.io/ Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Illia Follow Building developer tools focused on simplicity and predictable behavior. Joined Jan 8, 2026 More from Illia Feature flags became overkill — small teams need something simpler # startup # saas # programming # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://www.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/research-centers/center-for-technology-media-telecommunications.html?icid=disidenav_center-for-technology-media-telecommunications | Deloitte Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications | Deloitte Insights Please enable JavaScript to view the site. Skip to main content --> Deloitte Insights and our research centers deliver proprietary research designed to help organizations turn their aspirations into action. DELOITTE INSIGHTS Home Spotlight Weekly Global Economic Outlook Tech Trends Human Capital Trends Digital Media Trends TMT Predictions FSI Predictions Topics Economics Environmental, Social, & Governance Operations Strategy Technology Workforce Industries More About Deloitte Insights Magazine Top 10 Reading Guide Videos DELOITTE RESEARCH CENTERS Cross-Industry Home Workforce Trends Enterprise Growth & Innovation Technology & Transformation Environmental & Social Issues Economics Home Consumer Spending Housing Business Investment Globalization & International Trade Fiscal & Monetary Policy Sustainability, Equity & Climate Labor Markets Prices & Inflation Consumer Home Automotive Consumer Products Food Retail, Wholesale & Distribution Hospitality & Airlines Transportation Energy & Industrials Home Aerospace & Defense Chemicals & Specialty Materials Engineering & Construction Industrial Manufacturing Mining & Metals Oil & Gas Power & Utilities Renewable Energy Financial Services Home Banking & Capital Markets Commercial Real Estate Insurance Investment Management Cross Financial Services Government & Public Services Home Defense, Security & Justice Government Health State & Local Government Whole of Government Transportation & Infrastructure Human Services Higher Education Life Sciences & Health Care Home Hospitals, Health Systems & Providers Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Health Plans & Payers Medtech & Health Tech Organizations Tech, Media & Telecom Home Technology Media & Entertainment Telecommunications Semiconductor Sports Tech, Media & Telecom SECTORS Technology Media & Entertainment Telecommunications Semiconductor Sports RESEARCH CENTERS Cross-Industry Economics Consumer Energy & Industrials Financial Services Government & Public Services Life Sciences & Health Care Tech, Media & Telecom For You Welcome! For personalized content and settings, go to your My Deloitte Dashboard Latest Insights What do organizations need most in a disrupted, boundaryless age? More imagination. Article • 16-min read Recommendations TMT Predictions 2026: The AI gap narrows but persists Article • 9-min read About Deloitte Insights About Deloitte Insights Deloitte Insights Magazine, issue 33 Magazine Topics for you Business Strategy & Growth Leadership Operations Technology Workforce Economics Watch & Listen Dbriefs Stay informed on the issues impacting your business with Deloitte's live webcast series. Gain valuable insights and practical knowledge from our specialists while earning CPE credits. Deloitte Insights Videos Stay informed with content built for today’s business leaders. From data visualizations to expert commentary, our video content delivers concise, actionable information to help you lead with clarity in a complex world. Subscribe Deloitte Insights Newsletters Looking to stay on top of the latest news and trends? With MyDeloitte you'll never miss out on the information you need to lead. Simply link your email or social profile and select the newsletters and alerts that matter most to you. Deloitte Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications The Deloitte Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications conducts research and develops insights that can help executives better discern risk and reward, capture opportunities, and solve tough challenges amid the rapidly evolving TMT landscape. TMT Predictions 2026: The AI gap narrows but persists Deloitte predicts 2026 will see the gap between the promise and reality of AI narrow, as further movements towards getting it to scale are made Article • 9-min read In the gen AI economy, consumers want innovation they can trust By pairing strong data responsibility with bold innovation, tech companies can win greater trust, loyalty, and spending Article • 15-min read 2025 Digital Media Trends: Social platforms are becoming a dominant force in media and entertainment While studios and streaming providers compete, tougher competition is coming from social video platforms that are hyperscale and hyper-capitalized Article • 14-min read TMT Predictions 2026 The gap narrows, but persists Deloitte predicts 2026 will see the gap between the promise and reality of AI narrow, as further movements towards getting it to scale are made View the collection Gen AI inside existing search engines overtakes standalone gen AI Gen AI may see its user base widen faster through its incorporation into existing mainstream digital applications than through its usage on a standalone basis 7-min read Why AI’s next phase will likely demand more computational power, not less Many believe moving from training AI models to using them at scale means more computing on the edge and less in the data center. Neither is likely in 2026. 11-min read Unlocking exponential value with AI agent orchestration AI agents will likely require orchestration for intelligent automation. Open source, proprietary communication protocols will compete to lead the way. 9-min read AI for industrial robotics, humanoid robots, and drones Can more powerful AI models and chips catalyze what has been a relatively stagnant industry? 9-min read Dive deeper into your sector Technology 2025 technology industry outlook Article • 23-min read Media & entertainment 2025 media and entertainment outlook Article • 15-min read Telecommunications 2025 global telecommunications outlook Article • 19-min read Semiconductor 2025 global semiconductor industry outlook Article • 18-min read Sports 2025 global sports industry outlook Article • 20-min read About the Deloitte Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications The Deloitte Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications conducts research and develops insights to help business leaders see their options more clearly. The center can help executives better discern risk and reward, capture opportunities, and solve tough challenges amid the rapidly evolving TMT landscape. Subscribe to the Thinking Fast newsletter Read about our services at Deloitte @DeloitteTMT Get in touch with our research team Jeff Loucks Tech, Media & Telecom | Executive director Jeff Loucks Tech, Media & Telecom | Executive director United States Jeff Loucks is the executive director of Deloitte's Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Deloitte Services LP. In his role, he conducts research and writes on topics that help companies capitalize on technological change. An award-winning thought leader in digital business model transformation, Jeff is especially interested in the strategies organizations use to adapt to accelerating change. Jeff’s academic background complements his technology expertise. Jeff has a Bachelor of Arts in political science from The Ohio State University, and a Master of Arts and PhD in political science from the University of Toronto. jloucks@deloitte.com +1 614 477 0407 David Jarvis Senior research leader David Jarvis Senior research leader United States David is a senior research manager in Deloitte’s Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Deloitte Services LP. He has more than 15 years of experience in the technology industry and is a passionate expert and educator focused on emerging business and technology issues—including the potential impacts of longer-term change across our digital society. davjarvis@deloitte.com +1 617 437 2862 Chris Arkenberg Research leader Chris Arkenberg Research leader United States Chris Arkenberg is a research manager with Deloitte’s Center for Technology, Media and Telecommunications. He has 20 years of experience focusing on how people and organizations interact with transformational technologies. Chris is also an avid video game enthusiast, stomping the virtual grounds since the days of the 2600. carkenberg@deloitte.com +1 415-783-7025 Karthik Ramachandran Senior research leader Karthik Ramachandran Senior research leader India Karthik Ramachandran is a senior research manager with Deloitte’s Center for TMT. He specializes in the technology and semiconductor industries, and works closely with senior leaders and SMEs in Deloitte’s TMT practice, globally, to codevelop and write thought leadership perspectives tailored for senior industry executives. Besides publishing on Deloitte Insights, his articles have been featured on Deloitte- Wall Street Journal platforms (the CFO/CTO/CMO Journals), the SEMI industry association, and the Houston Business Journal . karramachandran@deloitte.com +1 615 718 2961 Brooke Auxier Research leader Brooke Auxier Research leader United States Brooke Auxier is a research manager with Deloitte’s Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications. Her research focuses on media, entertainment, and consumer technology. She has a Ph.D. in journalism from the University of Maryland. bauxier@deloitte.com +1 571 882 6498 Michael Steinhart Research leader Michael Steinhart Research leader United States Michael is a research manager with Deloitte's Center for Technology, Media, and Telecommunications. His work focuses on enterprise and consumer technology. Prior to joining Deloitte, Michael spent 22 years in the technology media industry. msteinhart@deloitte.com +1 212 436 6873 Michelle Dollinger Strategy & operations manager Michelle Dollinger Strategy & operations manager United States Michelle manages strategy and operations for the TMT Center and works with the Center director to implement the research agenda. She builds relationships across the practices to connect the right people with the right content. Michelle has a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism and a Master of Science in Library and Information Science. mdollinger@deloitte.com Duncan Stewart Research director Duncan Stewart Research director Canada Duncan Stewart is the director of research for the technology, media, and telecommunications (TMT) industry for Deloitte Canada. He is the lead researcher on semiconductor topics for the US TMT Center and for Deloitte Global. dunstewart@deloitte.ca Susanne Hupfer Research manager Susanne Hupfer Research manager United States Susanne Hupfer, PhD, is a research manager in Deloitte’s Center for Technology, Media & Telecommunications, where she conducts research to understand the impact of technology trends and to deliver actionable insights. She has more than 20 years of experience in the technology industry, including software research and development, strategy consulting, and thought leadership. shupfer@deloitte.com What we’re reading Explore insights from across our network Enjoy these timely insights from other Deloitte research centers and subject matter leaders, selected for you by our research team. Unlocking the power of AI As artificial intelligence has grown more advanced, the puzzle for organisations is how they can scale AI to achieve the best outcome. The answer is that organisations must adopt and implement MLOps. Article • 10-min read Executing on the $2 trillion investment to boost American competitiveness Recently passed federal laws IIJA, IRA, and CHIPS present challenges for local and government agencies to coordinate and implement. Article • 19-min read Deloitte's research centers Explore the featured content below or visit the research centers’ publications for more insights Cross-industry Designing the C-suite for generative AI adoption Article • 6-min read Explore by topic Workforce trends Enterprise growth & innovation Technology & transformation Environmental & social issues Economics Global Weekly Economic Update Series • 7-min read Explore by topic Consumer spending Housing Business investment Globalization & international trade Fiscal & monetary policy Sustainability, equity & climate Labor markets Prices & inflation Consumer ConsumerSignals collection Collection EXPLORE BY sector Automotive Consumer products Food Retail, wholesale & distribution Hospitality Airlines & transportation Energy & industrials 2026 Energy, Resources, and Industrials Outlooks Collection Explore by sector Aerospace & defense Chemicals & specialty materials Engineering & construction Industrial manufacturing Mining & metals Oil & gas Power & utilities Financial services Harnessing gen AI in financial services: Why pioneers lead the way Article • 6-min read Explore by sector Banking & capital markets Commercial real estate Insurance Investment management Government & public services Government's Future Frontiers Collection Explore by sector Defense, security & justice Government health State & local government Whole of government Transportation & infrastructure Human services Higher education Life sciences & health care 2026 Life Sciences and Health Care Industry Outlooks Collection Explore by sector Hospitals, health systems & providers Pharmaceutical manufacturers Health plans & payers Medtech and health tech organizations Tech, media & telecom 2025 Digital Media Trends: Social platforms are becoming a dominant force in media and entertainment Article • 14-min read Explore by sector Technology Media & entertainment Telecommunications Semiconductor Sports Explore Deloitte Insights Helping future-focused leaders navigate what's next RELEVANT INSIGHTS Making waves: How Gen Zs and millennials are prioritizing—and driving—change in the workplace Article • 6-min read Unlocking the power of AI Article • 10-min read Reimagine your tech talent strategy: Talent, not technology, may be your secret weapon Article • 14-min read CONNECT AND EXPLORE Videos Discover a world of insights with our video content. Featuring illuminating interviews, cutting-edge data visualizations, and comprehensive analyses, our videos empower you to lead with confidence. Subscribe to our YouTube channel today and never miss an update. Subscribe to our YouTube channel today and never miss an update. Subscribe to Deloitte Insights on YouTube Newsletters Looking to stay on top of the latest news and trends? With MyDeloitte you’ll never miss out on the information you need to lead. Simply link your email or social profile and select the newsletters and alerts that matter most to you. Sign up/Sign in for MyDeloitte Deloitte Insights Magazine If change is a constant, it follows that leaders need to ensure their organizations’ capacity for change, and that might look quite different in today’s terms—and tomorrow’s. 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https://docs.suprsend.com/docs/android-xiaomi-push-mi#content-area | Page Not Found Skip to main content SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Community Trust Center Platform Status Postman Collection GETTING STARTED What is SuprSend? Quick Start Guide Best Practices Plan Your Integration Go-live checklist CORE CONCEPTS Templates Users Events Workflow Notification Categories Preferences Tenants Lists Broadcast Objects Translations DLT Guidelines Whatsapp Template Guidelines WORKFLOW BUILDER Design Workflow Node List Workflow Settings Trigger Workflow Validate Trigger Payload Tenant Workflows Notification Inbox Overview Multi Tabs React Javascript (Angular, Vuejs etc) React Native Flutter (Headless) PREFERENCE CENTRE Embedded Preference Centre Javascript Angular React VENDOR INTEGRATION GUIDE Overview Email Integrations SMS Integrations Android Push Whatsapp Integrations iOS Push Chat Integrations Vendor Fallback Tenant Vendor INTEGRATIONS Webhook Connectors MONITORING & DEBUGGING Logs Audit Logs Error Guides MANAGE YOUR ACCOUNT Authentication Methods Contact Us Get Started SuprSend, Notification infrastructure for Product teams home page Search... ⌘ K Ask AI Contact Us Get Started Get Started Search... Navigation Page Not Found Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog Documentation API Reference Management API CLI Reference Developer Resources Changelog 404 Page Not Found We couldn't find the page. Maybe you were looking for one of these pages below? Android Push (FCM) Android Push Setup (FCM) Android Push Template ⌘ I | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-449-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 449 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 449 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP Error 449 is a permanent or "5xx" error code issued by a mail server, indicating the rejection of an email message due to temporary unavailability or issues with the recipient's email address. This error suggests retrying the delivery later. What are the cases covered in SMTP Error 449? SMTP Error 449 in phpmailer Instances & Examples: Case 1: "449 4.2.1 recipient@example.com: Mailbox temporarily unavailable. Please retry later." Case 2: "449 5.3.2 recipient@example.com: Mailbox currently locked for maintenance. Try again in an hour." Case 3: "449 5.7.3 recipient@example.com: Mailbox syncing in progress. Email delivery delayed." What’s Causing This SMTP Error 449 In Your Servers? (in pointers) SMTP 449 error in phpmailer can occur due to: Mailbox maintenance: The recipient's email server undergoing maintenance or experiencing temporary downtime, rendering the mailbox temporarily unavailable. Mailbox locking: Another process or user accessing the recipient's mailbox, preventing email delivery. Account syncing: The recipient's email client or server syncing or updating, temporarily locking the mailbox. How to Resolve SMTP Error 449 - Step-by-Step Solution To resolve this email smtp error 449 in Jenkins servers, follow these steps: Wait and retry: Wait for a while and retry the email delivery later as SMTP error 449 often indicates a temporary issue on the recipient's end. Verify recipient's email address: Ensure the recipient's email address is spelled correctly and complete, considering that the error implies temporary inaccessibility. Contact the recipient: If the issue persists or occurs consistently, reach out to the recipient via an alternative method (e.g., phone) to inform them. They can check the status of their email account or contact their email provider for assistance. Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://www.suprsend.com/email-comparison/elastic-email-vs-socketlabs-which-email-provider-is-better-in-2024 | The Ultimate 2024 Email Provider Comparison Guide (All Major Platforms Compared) Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up Email management The Ultimate 2024 Email Provider Comparison Guide (All Major Platforms Compared) Nikita Navral • November 13, 2025 TABLE OF CONTENTS Choosing the right email provider in 2024 is overwhelming: dozens of vendors, similar claims, and pricing that changes every quarter. This unified guide compiles every head-to-head comparison across major transactional and marketing email platforms, including Postmark, Mailgun, Amazon SES, SendGrid, Brevo, Mailchimp, Mailjet, Elastic Email, SMTP.com, SocketLabs, Netcore, and MailerLite .All insights come directly from detailed comparison files. Quick Intros - What Each Provider Is Best At Transactional-first providers Postmark — ultra-reliable delivery, developer-focused APIs, perfect for confirmations/receipts. Mailgun — strong API tooling, analytics, validation, great for engineering teams. Amazon SES — cheapest at scale, massive throughput, ideal for technical teams. SendGrid — widely adopted, strong analytics, supports marketing + transactional. SMTP.com — dependable infrastructure, solid support, but no free tier. SocketLabs — extremely stable uptime (99.999%) and deep reporting. Elastic Email — very low-cost bulk sending. Marketing-first providers Mailchimp — automation, templates, analytics, widely used. Brevo (Sendinblue) — automation + CRM + SMS, with generous free tiers. MailerLite — affordable, simple, clean automation & landing pages. Mailjet — collaborative editing, good for teams creating campaigns. Netcore (Pepipost) — fast campaign sending, strong IP reputation, developer-friendly. API Depth & Developer Experience Strongest API ecosystems Mailgun — rich event & inbound APIs, full contact management. Postmark — clean REST API + outbound message events. Amazon SES — industrial-grade APIs with identity mgmt, configuration sets. SendGrid — extensive REST APIs covering contacts, events, and marketing. Weaker / limited APIs MailerLite (no send-email endpoint) SMTP.com (no event API) Brevo (no event API) Pricing - Cheapest to Most Expensive Cheapest at scale Amazon SES — $0.02–$0.08 per 1,000 emails + $15/mo. Elastic Email — $0.0002–$0.00005 per email. Netcore — $0.0001–$0.0003 per email. Brevo — $0.0005–$0.0007 per email (with free plan). Mid-range SendGrid — $0.0004–$0.0006. Mailgun — $0.0007–$0.0009. MailerLite — $0.0001–$0.0004. Mailjet — $0.001–$0.0052. Higher-end Postmark — $0.0006–$0.0015. SMTP.com — $0.0005–$0.001. Performance, Reliability & Deliverability Best uptime SocketLabs: 99.999% Postmark: 100% Mailgun: 99.99% Mailchimp: 99.99% Best deliverability for transactional Postmark Mailgun Amazon SES SendGrid Biggest attachments allowed Amazon SES: 40 MB Mailchimp: 25 MB Mailgun: 25 MB SendGrid: 30 MB Security & Compliance Most compliant providers Mailgun — SOC I & II, HIPAA, ISO, GDPR Mailchimp — SOC II, PCI DSS, ISO 27001 Amazon SES — CSA STAR, ISO 27001, 20000-1 Brevo — ISO 27001 + GDPR Weaker compliance Elastic Email — no listed major certifications SMTP.com — limited public disclosure Feature Comparison: Transactional vs Marketing Best for automation Mailchimp Brevo MailerLite Netcore Best for templates Mailchimp MailerLite SendGrid Postmark (for transactional) Best for analytics Mailchimp SendGrid Mailgun SocketLabs User Sentiment (G2 Reviews Summary) Top-rated overall MailerLite: 4.7★ — best ease-of-use and automation simplicity. Postmark: 4.6★ — leaders in transactional reliability. Brevo: 4.6★ — loved for pricing + contact management. Mailgun: 4.3★ — strong for developers. Amazon SES: 4.3★ — delivers reliably at scale. Most criticized SMTP.com — 3.0★ (pricing complaints, cancellations). SendGrid — issues with support responsiveness. Final Recommendations by Use Case Best for startups Brevo (free plan + automation) MailerLite (affordable, modern UI) Best for developers Postmark (reliability) Mailgun (robust APIs) Amazon SES (scale + cost) Best for marketers Mailchimp (ecosystem + templates) Mailjet (team collaboration) Best for high-volume sending Amazon SES Elastic Email Netcore Best overall deliverability Postmark Mailgun Share this blog on: Written by: Nikita Navral Co-Founder, SuprSend Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. SuprStack Inc. By clicking “Accept All Cookies” , you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. View our Privacy Policy for more information. Preferences Deny Accept Privacy Preference Center When you visit websites, they may store or retrieve data in your browser. This storage is often necessary for the basic functionality of the website. The storage may be used for marketing, analytics, and personalization of the site, such as storing your preferences. Privacy is important to us, so you have the option of disabling certain types of storage that may not be necessary for the basic functioning of the website. Blocking categories may impact your experience on the website. Reject all cookies Allow all cookies Manage Consent Preferences by Category Essential Always Active These items are required to enable basic website functionality. 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https://dev.to/colocodes/react-class-components-vs-function-components-23m6#State2 | React: class components vs function components - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Damian Demasi Posted on Dec 1, 2021 React: class components vs function components # webdev # javascript # beginners # react When I first started working with React, I mostly used function components, especially because I read that class components were old and outdated. But when I started working with React professionally I realised I was wrong. Class components are very much alive and kicking. So, I decided to write a sort of comparison between class components and function components to have a better understanding of their similarities and differences. Table Of Contents Class components Rendering State A common pitfall Props Lifecycle methods Function components Rendering State Props Conclusion Class components This is how a class component that makes use of state , props and render looks like: class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { name : props . name }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . state . name } </ h1 >; } } // Render ReactDOM . render ( Hello , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources in which you can find more information about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Rendering Let’s say there is a <div> somewhere in your HTML file: <div id= "root" ></div> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode We can render an element in the place of the div with root id like this: const element = < h1 > Hello, world </ h1 >; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Regarding React components, we will usually be exporting a component and using it in another file: Hello.jsx import React , { Component } from ' react ' ; class Hello extends React . Component { render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } export default Hello ; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode main.js import React from ' react ' ; import ReactDOM from ' react-dom ' ; import Hello from ' ./app/Hello.jsx ' ; ReactDOM . render (< Hello />, document . getElementById ( ' root ' )); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode And this is how a class component gets rendered on the web browser. Now, there is a difference between rendering and mounting, and Brad Westfall made a great job summarising it : "Rendering" is any time a function component gets called (or a class-based render method gets called) which returns a set of instructions for creating DOM. "Mounting" is when React "renders" the component for the first time and actually builds the initial DOM from those instructions. State A state is a JavaScript object containing information about the component's current condition. To initialise a class component state we need to use a constructor : class Hello extends React . Component { constructor () { this . state = { endOfMessage : ' ! ' }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } { this . state . endOfMessage } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/rendering-elements.html https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Caution: we shouldn't modify the state directly because it will not trigger a re-render of the component: this . state . comment = ' Hello ' ; // Don't do this Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Instead, we should use the setState() method: this . setState ({ comment : ' Hello ' }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode If our current state depends from the previous one, and as setState is asynchronous, we should take into account the previous state: this . setState ( function ( prevState , prevProps ) { return { counter : prevState . counter + prevProps . increment }; }); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html A common pitfall If we need to set a state with nested objects , we should spread all the levels of nesting in that object: this . setState ( prevState => ({ ... prevState , someProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty , someOtherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty , anotherProperty : { ... prevState . someProperty . someOtherProperty . anotherProperty , flag : false } } } })) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This can become cumbersome, so the use of the [immutability-helper](https://github.com/kolodny/immutability-helper) package is recommended. Related sources about this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43040721/how-to-update-nested-state-properties-in-react Before I knew better, I believed that setting a new object property will always preserve the ones that were not set, but that is not true for nested objects (which is kind of logical, because I would be overriding an object with another one). That situation happens when I previously spread the object and then modify one of its properties: > b = { item1 : ' a ' , item2 : { subItem1 : ' y ' , subItem2 : ' z ' }} //-> { item1: 'a', item2: {subItem1: 'y', subItem2: 'z'}} > b . item2 = {... b . item2 , subItem1 : ' modified ' } //-> { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified', subItem2: 'z' } } > b . item2 = { subItem1 : ' modified ' } // Not OK //-> { subItem1: 'modified' } > b //-> { item1: 'a', item2: { subItem1: 'modified' } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode But when we have nested objects we need to use multiple nested spreads, which turns the code repetitive. That's where the immutability-helper comes to help. You can find more information about this here . Props If we want to access props in the constructor , we need to call the parent class constructor by using super(props) : class Button extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); console . log ( props ); console . log ( this . props ); } // ... } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Related sources about this: https://overreacted.io/why-do-we-write-super-props/ Bear in mind that using props to set an initial state is an anti-pattern of React. In the past, we could have used the componentWillReceiveProps method to do so, but now it's deprecated . class Hello extends React . Component { constructor ( props ) { super ( props ); this . state = { property : this . props . name , // Not recommended, but OK if it's just used as seed data. }; } render () { return < h1 > Hello, { this . props . name } </ h1 >; } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Using props to initialise a state is not an anti-patter if we make it clear that the prop is only used as seed data for the component's internally-controlled state. Related sources about this: https://sentry.io/answers/using-props-to-initialize-state/ https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#unsafe_componentwillreceiveprops https://medium.com/@justintulk/react-anti-patterns-props-in-initial-state-28687846cc2e Lifecycle methods Class components don't have hooks ; they have lifecycle methods instead. render() componentDidMount() componentDidUpdate() componentWillUnmount() shouldComponentUpdate() static getDerivedStateFromProps() getSnapshotBeforeUpdate() You can learn more about lifecycle methods here: https://programmingwithmosh.com/javascript/react-lifecycle-methods/ https://reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html Function components This is how a function component makes use of props , state and render : function Welcome ( props ) { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // or const Welcome = ( props ) => { const [ timeOfDay , setTimeOfDay ] = useState ( ' morning ' ); return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } , good { timeOfDay } </ h1 >; } // Render const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rendering Rendering a function component is achieved the same way as with class components: function Welcome ( props ) { return < h1 > Hello, { props . name } </ h1 >; } const element = < Welcome name = "Sara" />; ReactDOM . render ( element , document . getElementById ( ' root ' ) ); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html State When it comes to the state, function components differ quite a bit from class components. We need to define an array that will have two main elements: the value of the state, and the function to update said state. We then need to assign the useState hook to that array, initialising the state in the process: import React , { useState } from ' react ' ; function Example () { // Declare a new state variable, which we'll call "count" const [ count , setCount ] = useState ( 0 ); return ( < div > < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > </ div > ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The useState hook is the way function components allow us to use a component's state in a similar manner as this.state is used in class components. Remember: function components use hooks . According to the official documentation: What is a Hook? A Hook is a special function that lets you “hook into” React features. For example, useState is a Hook that lets you add React state to function components. We’ll learn other Hooks later. When would I use a Hook? If you write a function component and realize you need to add some state to it, previously you had to convert it to a class. Now you can use a Hook inside the existing function component. To read the state of the function component we can use the variable we defined when using useState in the function declaration ( count in our example). < p > You clicked { count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode In class components, we had to do something like this: < p > You clicked { this . state . count } times </ p > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Every time we need to update the state, we should call the function we defined ( setCount in this case) with the values of the new state. < button onClick = { () => setCount ( count + 1 ) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Meanwhile, in class components we used the this keyword followed by the state and the property to be updated: < button onClick = { () => this . setState ({ count : this . state . count + 1 }) } > Click me </ button > Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Sources: https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html Props Finally, using props in function components is pretty straight forward: we just pass them as the component argument: function Avatar ( props ) { return ( < img className = "Avatar" src = { props . user . avatarUrl } alt = { props . user . name } /> ); } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Source: https://reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html Conclusion Deciding whether to use class components or function components will depend on the situation. As far as I know, professional environments use class components for "main" components, and function components for smaller, particular components. Although this may not be the case depending on your project. I would love to see examples of the use of class and function components in specific situations, so don't be shy of sharing them in the comments section. 🗞️ NEWSLETTER - If you want to hear about my latest articles and interesting software development content, subscribe to my newsletter . 🐦 TWITTER - Follow me on Twitter . Top comments (33) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The issue with class based components and the driving reason why the React team went towards functional components was for better abstractions. In 2013 when React came out, there was a feature called mixins (this is before JavaScript classes were possible). Mixins were a way to share code between components but fostered a lot of problems and anti-patterns. In 2015 JS got classes and 2016 React moved towards real class-based components. Everyone was excited that mixins were gone but we also lost a primitive way to share code in React. Without React offering a way to share code, the community turned towards patterns instead. With classes, if you want to share reusable code between two components, you only really have two pattern choices - higher order components (HoC's) or the "render props" pattern. HoC has several known problems. In other words, I could give you a "try to abstract this" task with classes and you just wouldn't be able to do it with HoC, it had pretty bad limitations. The render props patter was popularized later and it actually fixed all four known issues with HoC's, so a lot of react devs became a fan of this new pattern, but it had new new problems that HoC's never had. I wrote a detailed piece on this a while back gist.github.com/bradwestfall/4fa68... The reason why hooks were created was to bring functional components up to speed with class based components as far as capability (as you mentioned above) but the end goal of that was custom hooks. With a custom hook we get functional composition capabilities and this solves all six issues of Hoc and Render Props problems, although there are still some good reasons to use render props in certain situations (checkout Formik). If you want, checkout Ryan's keynote at the conference where they announced hooks youtube.com/watch?v=wXLf18DsV-I Also, the reason why classes are still around is just because the React team knew it would be a while for companies to migrate their big code bases from classes to hooks so they kept both ways around. Hope it helps someone Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow, thanks so much @bradwestfall ! This is a very interesting back-story on classes and function components. I really appreciate the time you took to explain all of this. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Brad Westfall Follow Teaching @ReactTraining Work Instructor at ReactTraining.com Joined Jun 4, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide No problem, your article does a nice job comparing strictly from a syntax standpoint, there's just the whole code abstraction part to consider. Honestly, after teaching hooks now for 3 years, I know that hooks syntax can be harder to grasp than the class syntax, but I also know that most developers are willing to take on the more difficult hooks syntax for the tradeoff of having much better abstraction options, that's really the main idea. For real though, checkout Ryan's conference talk, it's fantastic Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Eugene Eugene Eugene Follow Pronouns He/him Joined Oct 29, 2021 • Feb 8 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Some people told, the argument to use class components - error boundaries, which don't have function implementation yet. (It's not my opinion, I just recently started to learn react and seeking for useful information here and there) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Anass Boutaline Follow Full-stack Web Developer, Software engineer Location Morocco Work Full-stack Web Developer Joined Jun 1, 2019 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide This is a hot topic bro, nice done, otherwise i guess that functional components are cleaner and easy to maintain, so whatever the size of your app, we always look for better and maintainable code, so FC are better than classes any way (React point of view only) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand tanth1993 tanth1993 tanth1993 Follow Joined Jan 5, 2020 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide the only thing I like Class Component is that there is a callback in setState . I usually use it when after set loading for the page :) Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Gil Fewster Follow Web developer, tinkerer, take-aparterer (and, sometimes, put-back-togetherer) Location Melbourne, Australia Work Front End Developer at Art Processors Joined Jul 23, 2019 • Dec 3 '21 • Edited on Dec 3 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide The equivalent in functional components is the useEffect hook, which can be setup to run a function when one or more specific dependencies change. There is also a hook called useReducer which gives you the ability to perform complex actions and logic when dependencies change. Very useful for deriving properties from complex state. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Spot on! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 2 '21 • Edited on Dec 2 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am new dev in react. I am learning class component. Is that okay for me? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide When I started learning React, I saw function components first, and then class components. But I think a better approach will be learning class components first, so then, when you learn function components, you will see why they exists and the advantages they have over the class components. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Monday David S. Monday David S. Monday David S. Follow Email davidsarka242@gmail.com Joined Mar 7, 2021 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Totally agree with you Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Thread Thread Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 5 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide We need to learn first Class component and then Functional Component Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, I think you are right. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Jeysson Guevara Follow Joined Jul 24, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You'll need to learn both anyways, it is quite frequent to find projects that mix the two methodologies. Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Omar Pervez Follow I'm Web Designer, and I am very passionate and dedicated to my work. With 4 years experience as a professional Web Developer, Location Noakhali, Bangladesh. Education Noakhali Science and Technology University Work Front-end Web Developer at PPH Joined Dec 2, 2021 • Dec 3 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you Jeysson, I think it will help me lot in my react learning Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Andrew Baisden Follow Software Developer | Content Creator | AI, Tech, Programming Location London, UK Education Bachelor Degree Computer Science Work Software Developer Joined Feb 11, 2020 • Dec 4 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Nice comparison I have completely converted to functional components it would be hard to go back to classes now. When I initially started to learn hooks my thoughts were the reverse. It really is that much better though. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 6 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I now have the dilemma of choosing between class or function components at my workplace... I guess that as I gain more experience I will be able to make better decisions. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 1 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide That is awesome @lukeshiru ! Thanks for sharing your experience. I think that what is actually happening is that the app in which I'm working on is rather old, and function components did not exist back then. Taking into account your experience, do you think that using class components have any benefit over the function components? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand sophiegrafe sophiegrafe sophiegrafe Follow Former Barmaid trained to be fullstack dev last year! Working hard to not be that Jake of all trades, master of none 😅 Education Interface3 Joined Mar 30, 2022 • Mar 30 '22 • Edited on Mar 30 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you very much for this, your article and the discussion that follows were a great help to clarify the subject! I will definitely go with FC but take some time to be more comfortable with the class-based approach in case of need. I have a very little observation to make regarding the way you explained useState affectation "to an array" under "State" in FC section. You wrote: "We need to define an array that will have two main elements[...] We then need to assign the useState hook to that array. [...]" When I see brackets, as a beginner, it automatically triggers the "array" reflex, but brackets on the left side of the assignment operator means destructuring assignment, here array destructuring. As I understand this, we don't assign the useState hook to an array, it's the other way around actually, we are unpacking or extracting values from an array and assigning them to variables. useState return an array of 2 values and DA allows us to avoid this kind of extra lines: const useState = useState ( initialValue ); const stateValue = useState [ 0 ]; const setStateValue = useState [ 1 ]; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode reactjs.org/docs/hooks-state.html#... for a more complete review of this syntax: javascript.info/destructuring-assi... I found DA very useful in many situations for arrays, strings and objects. Totally worth mentioning, learning and using! Again thank you! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 • Dec 2 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Great, thanks for your input! Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand echoes2099 echoes2099 echoes2099 Follow Joined Jul 10, 2018 • May 30 '22 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I was under the impression the official stance was that class components were deprecated...as in dont create new code using these. We recently had to ditch a form library that was written with classes. The reason being is because it did not have useEffects that reacted to all changes in state (and I'm not sure if you could write the equivalent useEffect with hooks). So we were seeing bugs where dynamically injected fields could not register themselves. React hooks are OK but i wouldn't go back to a class based approach for new code Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (33 comments) Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Damian Demasi Follow Web Developer - I switched careers in my 40s - Writer of web development blog posts - I love to share Notion templates Location Adelaide, Australia Work Web Developer Joined Jun 29, 2020 More from Damian Demasi The Power of Microtools: How AI and "Vibe Coding" Are Changing the Way We Build # ai # vibecoding # webdev # productivity How to Learn Python Faster and Easier with This Notion Template # python # programming # beginners # learning Learning how to code: with our special guest, Ron # webdev # beginners # programming # tutorial 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse dev.to staff for The DEV Team Posted on Aug 27, 2025 • Edited on Oct 13, 2025 Join the Heroku "Back to School" AI Challenge: $3,000 in Prizes, just for students! # herokuchallenge # devchallenge # ai # machinelearning Winners Announced Congrats to the Heroku "Back to School" AI Challenge Winners! dev.to staff for The DEV Team ・ Oct 13 #devchallenge #herokuchallenge #heroku #ai UPDATE 10/09/25: Winner announcement is delayed . We are so delighted to partner with Heroku for a new DEV challenge designed exclusively for students. Running through September 28 , the Heroku "Back to School" AI Challenge is all about building intelligent AI-powered experiences that make the back-to-school transition smoother, smarter, and more successful. We have one overarching prompt with three exciting ways to win! From coordinating multi-agent workflows to leveraging cutting-edge MCP servers, this challenge invites student developers to showcase their skills with Heroku's powerful AI platform. Build something that helps fellow students, empowers educators, or gets wildly creative with back-to-school experiences! Our Prompt For this challenge, your mandate is to build an AI-Powered Back to School Experience . Create a multi-agent AI application that helps with any aspect of the back-to-school experience. Your application should incorporate one or more of the following Heroku AI features: Model Context Protocol (MCP) on Heroku Heroku Managed Inference and Agents pgvector for Heroku Postgres 👉 Additionally, your submission should fall under one of these categories: Student Success : Awarded to a top submission that directly supports student learning, organization, or academic achievement. Educator Empowerment : Awarded to a top submission with tools that help teachers, professors, or administrators be more effective. Crazy Creative : Awarded to a top submission with the most creative or unexpected use of AI for back-to-school needs. Think study planning assistants, classroom optimization tools, campus navigation systems, academic collaboration platforms, or anything else that makes returning to school better. The possibilities are endless! Submitting Your Project When you're ready to submit your project, you will need to publish a post using this submission template: Heroku Back to School Submission Template If your submission qualifies for multiple categories, just publish one post and list all the categories it qualifies for. Please review our judging criteria, rules, guidelines, and FAQ page before submitting so you understand our participation guidelines and official contest rules . Important Note: This challenge has additional eligibility requirements listed below so be sure to check if you're eligible before participating. Prizes We'll select one winner per category for a total of three winners. Each winner will receive: $1,000 USD each DEV++ Membership Exclusive DEV Badge All Student Participants with a valid submission will receive a completion badge on their DEV profile. How To Participate In order to participate, you will need to enroll in the GitHub Student Developer Pack, sign up for the Heroku for GitHub Students Offer, and be a resident from one of the countries or territories listed below. Github Student Developer Pack Enrollment Enroll in the Github Student Developer Pack (if you haven’t yet) Click the Heroku offer. Sign up for a Heroku account , or log into your account if you already have one. Apply for the "Heroku for Github" student offer Once these steps have been completed, your credits will be added to your Heroku account within 1-2- hours . Additional Notes Credits will be applied toward any Heroku products, including Heroku Dynos, Heroku Postgres and Heroku Key-Value Store, except for third-party Heroku Add-ons The offer is $13/mo credit for 2 years for a total of $312 credits. Credits won't carry over month to month, so it's use it or lose it. All students are required to add a valid payment method as part of the application process to cover third party total usage that the credits don't cover. See the Heroku for GitHub Students page for more information about the program. Eligibility Requirements Geographic Eligibility: This challenge is open to residents of the following countries and territories: 50 United States (including the District of Columbia), Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada (excluding Quebec), Croatia, Cyprus, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, Ukraine, and United Kingdom. Student Status: All participants must be currently enrolled students with active access to the GitHub Student Developer Pack. Please refer to the registration instructions above for how to get access to the GitHub Student Developer Pack. If you do not meet these eligibility criteria, we encourage you to explore our other available challenges ! Need Help? Get started with Heroku AI by exploring their comprehensive documentation and resources. Heroku Documentation Heroku AI Managed Inference and Agents Add-on Working on MCP with Heroku pgvector on Heroku Postgres We recommend using Cursor IDE for development, which offers excellent MCP support and AI-powered coding assistance. Important Dates August 27: Heroku "Back to School" AI Challenge begins! September 28: Submissions due at 11:59 PM PDT October 10: Winners Announced We can't wait to see how you leverage AI to enhance the back-to-school experience! Questions about the challenge? Ask them below. Good luck and happy coding! Top comments (29) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Suave Bajaj Suave Bajaj Suave Bajaj Follow Sometimes I code, Otherwise I hibernate! 👾👨🏻💻💤 Joined Jul 26, 2021 • Aug 28 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide All the best to the students participating! Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jess Lee The DEV Team Jess Lee The DEV Team Jess Lee Follow Building DEV and Forem with everyone here. Interested in the future. Email jess@forem.com Location USA / TAIWAN Pronouns she/they Work Co-Founder & COO at Forem Joined Jul 29, 2016 • Aug 27 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good luck to everyone participating! Like comment: Like comment: 7 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anshu Mandal Anshu Mandal Anshu Mandal Follow Location India Joined Aug 30, 2024 • Oct 8 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide can't wait anymore for announcement :( Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jackson Kasi Jackson Kasi Jackson Kasi Follow Self-taught tech enthusiast with a passion for continuous learning and innovative solutions Email nammalvar888@gmail.com Location India Education Completed School, no College but Learner until Death 😎 Work I am try to be an entrepreneur 🎯 Joined Dec 25, 2020 • Sep 6 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I'm from India and have GitHub Student Developer Pack access, but I'm having trouble with the payment verification step for Heroku. Even though I have a valid Visa/MasterCard debit card, it keeps getting declined during the verification process. Since the challenge requires using Heroku's AI features, is there any way to resolve this verification issue? I'd love to participate in this challenge! Thanks! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jess Lee The DEV Team Jess Lee The DEV Team Jess Lee Follow Building DEV and Forem with everyone here. Interested in the future. Email jess@forem.com Location USA / TAIWAN Pronouns she/they Work Co-Founder & COO at Forem Joined Jul 29, 2016 • Sep 22 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Hey @jacksonkasi , was this ever resolved for you? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Jackson Kasi Jackson Kasi Jackson Kasi Follow Self-taught tech enthusiast with a passion for continuous learning and innovative solutions Email nammalvar888@gmail.com Location India Education Completed School, no College but Learner until Death 😎 Work I am try to be an entrepreneur 🎯 Joined Dec 25, 2020 • Sep 23 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yes, this was resolved recently. Thanks for checking in! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Japheth Adamu Japheth Adamu Japheth Adamu Follow Joined Jun 6, 2025 • Aug 29 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Can students from Nigeria participate?? Like comment: Like comment: 6 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Melody Kelly. N Melody Kelly. N Melody Kelly. N Follow "Hi everyone, I'm Melody Kelly, a passionate intermediate programmer. I'm excited to join this DEV community and connect with like-minded individuald Email melodynwaogu224@gmail.com Location Lilongwe, Malawi Pronouns He Joined Feb 14, 2025 • Aug 29 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide with the requirement, I don't think so Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mannuh Johnte Mannuh Johnte Mannuh Johnte Follow Joined Sep 16, 2025 • Sep 16 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide no naaa can't you red the list Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Joshua Solomon Joshua Solomon Joshua Solomon Follow Born to shine ✨ Email tobijoshua613@gmail.com Location Nigeria Joined Sep 16, 2025 • Sep 17 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good luck to all students taking part in the Heroku 'Back to School' AI Challenge! May you gain valuable experience, build amazing projects, and have fun while learning. Let's see what incredible ideas you'll bring to life! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ritik Kumar Ritik Kumar Ritik Kumar Follow 💻 Frontend Developer | HTML, CSS, Tailwind, React.js | Learning Node & Express | Passionate about building clean, responsive web apps | Open to collaboration & growth 🚀 Email mrspiky1125@gmail.com Location Delhi , India Education Indra Gandhi Open University Joined Jul 27, 2025 • Sep 6 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide can anyone help me with Heroku connectivity , actually i havent credit/dbit card to proceed any external way..... help me if you can guys Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Darlington Jumbo Darlington Jumbo Darlington Jumbo Follow Passion for Tech 💯 Joined Mar 11, 2025 • Sep 18 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide 👎....Had something great in mind to create but Nigeria is excluded and South Africa is the only African Country here🤦 Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Sami Ammar Sami Ammar Sami Ammar Follow 👋 Hi, I'm Sami 💻Professional Python Developer 🚀 Building scalable apps & smart solutions 🎮 Passionate about Game Development & Automation Connect with Me 📧 Email: sami2012ammar@gmail.com Email sami2012ammar@gmail.com Location El Jadida, Morocco Joined Aug 16, 2025 • Sep 13 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Good luck for to every studens participating! Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ankit Singh Ankit Singh Ankit Singh Follow Software Engineer | Passionate about crafting seamless web and mobile experiences Location Bangalore Work Software Engineer Joined Dec 5, 2019 • Aug 30 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wait What?? who is using Heroku in 2025. Its old school. Non developer friendly Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand mabona011145629 mabona011145629 mabona011145629 Follow I'm Mabona Sihlongonyane I live in Swaziland in a town called Manzini. I love and have experience in C++,Java,Javascript,C#,PHP and SQL,HTML, CSS, XML. Email maxwellmabona581@gmail.com Location Manzini Education University Pronouns He Work No Joined Jul 27, 2024 • Sep 4 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I am in Eswatini known as Swaziland, can I join the challenge I saw my country wasn't listed here but South Africa was Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (29 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse The DEV Team Follow The hardworking team behind DEV ❤️ Want to contribute to open source and help make the DEV community stronger? The code that powers DEV is called Forem and is freely available on GitHub. You're welcome to jump in! 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https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/xamarin/xamarin-forms/app-fundamentals/data-binding/multibinding | Xamarin.Forms Multi-Bindings - Xamarin | Microsoft Learn Skip to main content Skip to Ask Learn chat experience This browser is no longer supported. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. Download Microsoft Edge More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge Table of contents Exit editor mode Ask Learn Ask Learn Focus mode Table of contents Read in English Add Add to plan Share via Facebook x.com LinkedIn Email Print Note Access to this page requires authorization. You can try signing in or changing directories . Access to this page requires authorization. You can try changing directories . Xamarin.Forms Multi-Bindings Feedback Summarize this article for me In this article Multi-bindings provide the ability to attach a collection of Binding objects to a single binding target property. They are created with the MultiBinding class, which evaluates all of its Binding objects, and returns a single value through a IMultiValueConverter instance provided by your application. In addition, MultiBinding reevaluates all of its Binding objects when any of the bound data changes. The MultiBinding class defines the following properties: Bindings , of type IList<BindingBase> , which represents the collection of Binding objects within the MultiBinding instance. Converter , of type IMultiValueConverter , which represents the converter to use to convert the source values to or from the target value. ConverterParameter , of type object , which represents an optional parameter to pass to the Converter . The Bindings property is the content property of the MultiBinding class, and therefore does not need to be explicitly set from XAML. In addition, the MultiBinding class inherits the following properties from the BindingBase class: FallbackValue , of type object , which represents the value to use when the multi-binding is unable to return a value. Mode , of type BindingMode , which indicates the direction of the data flow of the multi-binding. StringFormat , of type string , which specifies how to format the multi-binding result if it's displayed as a string. TargetNullValue , of type object , which represents the value that is used in the target wen the value of the source is null . A MultiBinding must use a IMultiValueConverter to produce a value for the binding target, based on the value of the bindings in the Bindings collection. For example, a Color might be computed from red, blue, and green values, which can be values from the same or different binding source objects. When a value moves from the target to the sources, the target property value is translated to a set of values that are fed back into the bindings. Important Individual bindings in the Bindings collection can have their own value converters. The value of the Mode property determines the functionality of the MultiBinding , and is used as the binding mode for all the bindings in the collection unless an individual binding overrides the property. For example, if the Mode property on a MultiBinding object is set to TwoWay , then all the bindings in the collection are considered TwoWay unless you explicitly set a different Mode value on one of the bindings. Define a IMultiValueConverter The IMultiValueConverter interface enables custom logic to be applied to a MultiBinding . To associate a converter with a MultiBinding , create a class that implements the IMultiValueConverter interface, and then implement the Convert and ConvertBack methods: public class AllTrueMultiConverter : IMultiValueConverter { public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture) { if (values == null || !targetType.IsAssignableFrom(typeof(bool))) { return false; // Alternatively, return BindableProperty.UnsetValue to use the binding FallbackValue } foreach (var value in values) { if (!(value is bool b)) { return false; // Alternatively, return BindableProperty.UnsetValue to use the binding FallbackValue } else if (!b) { return false; } } return true; } public object[] ConvertBack(object value, Type[] targetTypes, object parameter, CultureInfo culture) { if (!(value is bool b) || targetTypes.Any(t => !t.IsAssignableFrom(typeof(bool)))) { // Return null to indicate conversion back is not possible return null; } if (b) { return targetTypes.Select(t => (object)true).ToArray(); } else { // Can't convert back from false because of ambiguity return null; } } } The Convert method converts source values to a value for the binding target. Xamarin.Forms calls this method when it propagates values from source bindings to the binding target. This method accepts four arguments: values , of type object[] , is an array of values that the source bindings in the MultiBinding produces. targetType , of type Type , is the type of the binding target property. parameter , of type object , is the converter parameter to use. culture , of type CultureInfo , is the culture to use in the converter. The Convert method returns an object that represents a converted value. This method should return: BindableProperty.UnsetValue to indicate that the converter did not produce a value, and that the binding will use the FallbackValue . Binding.DoNothing to instruct Xamarin.Forms not to perform any action. For example, to instruct Xamarin.Forms not to transfer a value to the binding target, or not to use the FallbackValue . null to indicate that the converter cannot perform the conversion, and that the binding will use the TargetNullValue . Important A MultiBinding that receives BindableProperty.UnsetValue from a Convert method must define its FallbackValue property. Similarly, a MultiBinding that receives null from a Convert method must define its TargetNullValue propety. The ConvertBack method converts a binding target to the source binding values. This method accepts four arguments: value , of type object , is the value that the binding target produces. targetTypes , of type Type[] , is the array of types to convert to. The array length indicates the number and types of values that are suggested for the method to return. parameter , of type object , is the converter parameter to use. culture , of type CultureInfo , is the culture to use in the converter. The ConvertBack method returns an array of values, of type object[] , that have been converted from the target value back to the source values. This method should return: BindableProperty.UnsetValue at position i to indicate that the converter is unable to provide a value for the source binding at index i , and that no value is to be set on it. Binding.DoNothing at position i to indicate that no value is to be set on the source binding at index i . null to indicate that the converter cannot perform the conversion or that it does not support conversion in this direction. Consume a IMultiValueConverter A IMultiValueConverter is consumed by instantiating it in a resource dictionary, and then referencing it using the StaticResource markup extension to set the MultiBinding.Converter property: <ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DataBindingDemos" x:Class="DataBindingDemos.MultiBindingConverterPage" Title="MultiBinding Converter demo"> <ContentPage.Resources> <local:AllTrueMultiConverter x:Key="AllTrueConverter" /> <local:InverterConverter x:Key="InverterConverter" /> </ContentPage.Resources> <CheckBox> <CheckBox.IsChecked> <MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource AllTrueConverter}"> <Binding Path="Employee.IsOver16" /> <Binding Path="Employee.HasPassedTest" /> <Binding Path="Employee.IsSuspended" Converter="{StaticResource InverterConverter}" /> </MultiBinding> </CheckBox.IsChecked> </CheckBox> </ContentPage> In this example, the MultiBinding object uses the AllTrueMultiConverter instance to set the CheckBox.IsChecked property to true , provided that the three Binding objects evaluate to true . Otherwise, the CheckBox.IsChecked property is set to false . By default, the CheckBox.IsChecked property uses a TwoWay binding. Therefore, the ConvertBack method of the AllTrueMultiConverter instance is executed when the CheckBox is unchecked by the user, which sets the source binding values to the value of the CheckBox.IsChecked property. The equivalent C# code is shown below: public class MultiBindingConverterCodePage : ContentPage { public MultiBindingConverterCodePage() { BindingContext = new GroupViewModel(); CheckBox checkBox = new CheckBox(); checkBox.SetBinding(CheckBox.IsCheckedProperty, new MultiBinding { Bindings = new Collection<BindingBase> { new Binding("Employee1.IsOver16"), new Binding("Employee1.HasPassedTest"), new Binding("Employee1.IsSuspended", converter: new InverterConverter()) }, Converter = new AllTrueMultiConverter() }); Title = "MultiBinding converter demo"; Content = checkBox; } } Format strings A MultiBinding can format any multi-binding result that's displayed as a string, with the StringFormat property. This property can be set to a standard .NET formatting string, with placeholders, that specifies how to format the multi-binding result: <Label> <Label.Text> <MultiBinding StringFormat="{}{0} {1} {2}"> <Binding Path="Employee1.Forename" /> <Binding Path="Employee1.MiddleName" /> <Binding Path="Employee1.Surname" /> </MultiBinding> </Label.Text> </Label> In this example, the StringFormat property combines the three bound values into a single string that's displayed by the Label . The equivalent C# code is shown below: Label label = new Label(); label.SetBinding(Label.TextProperty, new MultiBinding { Bindings = new Collection<BindingBase> { new Binding("Employee1.Forename"), new Binding("Employee1.MiddleName"), new Binding("Employee1.Surname") }, StringFormat = "{0} {1} {2}" }); Important The number of parameters in a composite string format can't exceed the number of child Binding objects in the MultiBinding . When setting the Converter and StringFormat properties, the converter is applied to the data value first, and then the StringFormat is applied. For more information about string formatting in Xamarin.Forms, see Xamarin.Forms String Formatting . Provide fallback values Data bindings can be made more robust by defining fallback values to use if the binding process fails. This can be accomplished by optionally defining the FallbackValue and TargetNullValue properties on a MultiBinding object. A MultiBinding will use its FallbackValue when the Convert method of an IMultiValueConverter instance returns BindableProperty.UnsetValue , which indicates that the converter did not produce a value. A MultiBinding will use its TargetNullValue when the Convert method of an IMultiValueConverter instance returns null , which indicates that the converter cannot perform the conversion. For more information about binding fallbacks, see Xamarin.Forms Binding Fallbacks . Nest MultiBinding objects MultiBinding objects can be nested so that multiple MultiBinding objects are evaluated to return a value through an IMultiValueConverter instance: <ContentPage xmlns="http://xamarin.com/schemas/2014/forms" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DataBindingDemos" x:Class="DataBindingDemos.NestedMultiBindingPage" Title="Nested MultiBinding demo"> <ContentPage.Resources> <local:AllTrueMultiConverter x:Key="AllTrueConverter" /> <local:AnyTrueMultiConverter x:Key="AnyTrueConverter" /> <local:InverterConverter x:Key="InverterConverter" /> </ContentPage.Resources> <CheckBox> <CheckBox.IsChecked> <MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource AnyTrueConverter}"> <MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource AllTrueConverter}"> <Binding Path="Employee.IsOver16" /> <Binding Path="Employee.HasPassedTest" /> <Binding Path="Employee.IsSuspended" Converter="{StaticResource InverterConverter}" /> </MultiBinding> <Binding Path="Employee.IsMonarch" /> </MultiBinding> </CheckBox.IsChecked> </CheckBox> </ContentPage> In this example, the MultiBinding object uses its AnyTrueMultiConverter instance to set the CheckBox.IsChecked property to true , provided that all of the Binding objects in the inner MultiBinding object evaluate to true , or provided that the Binding object in the outer MultiBinding object evaluates to true . Otherwise, the CheckBox.IsChecked property is set to false . Use a RelativeSource binding in a MultiBinding MultiBinding objects support relative bindings, which provide the ability to set the binding source relative to the position of the binding target: <ContentPage ... xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DataBindingDemos" xmlns:xct="clr-namespace:Xamarin.CommunityToolkit.UI.Views;assembly=Xamarin.CommunityToolkit"> <ContentPage.Resources> <local:AllTrueMultiConverter x:Key="AllTrueConverter" /> <ControlTemplate x:Key="CardViewExpanderControlTemplate"> <xct:Expander BindingContext="{Binding Source={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}" IsExpanded="{Binding IsExpanded, Source={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}" BackgroundColor="{Binding CardColor}"> <xct:Expander.IsVisible> <MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource AllTrueConverter}"> <Binding Path="IsExpanded" /> <Binding Path="IsEnabled" /> </MultiBinding> </xct:Expander.IsVisible> <xct:Expander.Header> <Grid> <!-- XAML that defines Expander header goes here --> </Grid> </xct:Expander.Header> <Grid> <!-- XAML that defines Expander content goes here --> </Grid> </xct:Expander> </ControlTemplate> </ContentPage.Resources> <StackLayout> <controls:CardViewExpander BorderColor="DarkGray" CardTitle="John Doe" CardDescription="Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla elit dolor, convallis non interdum." IconBackgroundColor="SlateGray" IconImageSource="user.png" ControlTemplate="{StaticResource CardViewExpanderControlTemplate}" IsEnabled="True" IsExpanded="True" /> </StackLayout> </ContentPage> Note The Expander control is now part of the Xamarin Community Toolkit. In this example, the TemplatedParent relative binding mode is used to bind from within a control template to the runtime object instance to which the template is applied. The Expander , which is the root element of the ControlTemplate , has its BindingContext set to the runtime object instance to which the template is applied. Therefore, the Expander and its children resolve their binding expressions, and Binding objects, against the properties of the CardViewExpander object. The MultiBinding uses the AllTrueMultiConverter instance to set the Expander.IsVisible property to true provided that the two Binding objects evaluate to true . Otherwise, the Expander.IsVisible property is set to false . For more information about relative bindings, see Xamarin.Forms Relative Bindings . For more information about control templates, see Xamarin.Forms Control Templates . Related links Xamarin.Forms String Formatting Xamarin.Forms Binding Fallbacks Xamarin.Forms Relative Bindings Xamarin.Forms Control Templates Additional resources Last updated on 2020-10-26 In this article en-us Your Privacy Choices Theme Light Dark High contrast AI Disclaimer Previous Versions Blog Contribute Privacy Terms of Use Trademarks © Microsoft 2026 | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-523-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 523 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 523 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP Error 523, encountered in PHPMailer or Jenkins, indicates that the email size exceeds the recipient's email server limits. This can lead to delivery failure if the email surpasses the designated size threshold set by the server. Cases Covered in SMTP Error 523: SMTP Error 523 in phpmailer Instances & Examples: Case 1: "523 5.1.1 recipient@example.com: Email size exceeds the recipient's server limits. Please reduce the email size and resend." Case 2: "523 5.2.2 recipient@example.com: The recipient's mailbox is full. Delivery temporarily suspended." Case 3: "523 5.4.5 recipient@example.com: The recipient's email server is experiencing technical issues. Delivery delayed." Case 4: "523 5.7.1 Sender IP address is blocklisted. Email delivery denied. Please contact your email service provider to resolve the issue." Causes of SMTP Error 523: SMTP error 523 arises when the size of the email exceeds the limits set by the recipient's email server. These limits, determined by the email server, dictate the maximum size accepted for incoming emails. Solution to Resolve SMTP Error 523: Verify Email Server Limits: Before sending emails, it's crucial to check the size limits established by the recipient's email server. This information can be obtained from the email recipient or the server administrator. Ensure Compliance with Size Limits: To prevent recurrence of this error, ensure that all outgoing emails adhere to the specified size limits enforced by the recipient's email server. Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://www.highlight.io/docs/general/product-features/error-monitoring/manually-send-errors | Manually Reporting Errors Star us on GitHub Star Docs Sign in Sign up General Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Menu Highlight Docs Welcome to highlight.io Get Started Roadmap Company Values Compliance & Security Open Source Contributing Overview GraphQL Backend Frontend (app.highlight.io) Landing Site (highlight.io) Documentation End to End SDK Example Apps Adding an SDK Application Architecture GitHub Code Spaces Code Style Good First Issues Self-hosting Self-hosted [Dev] Self-hosted [Hobby] Self-hosted [Enterprise] Telemetry Our Competitors Product Philosophy Product Features Session Replay Overview Canvas & Iframe Dev-tool Window Recording Tracking Users & Recording Events Filtering Sessions GraphQL Live Mode Performance Impact Player Session Caching Rage Clicks Request Proxying Session Search Extracting the Session URL Session Search Deep Linking Shadow Dom + Web Components Error Monitoring Overview Enhancing Errors with GitHub Error Search Filtering Errors Grouping Errors Managing Errors Manually Reporting Errors Sourcemaps General Features Overview Alerts Comments Digests Environments Search Segments Services Webhooks Logging Overview Log Alerts Log Search Tracing Overview Trace Search Dashboards Overview Dashboard Management Metrics Tutorials Service Latency Web Vitals & Page Speed User Engagement User Analytics Graphing Drilldown Event Search Dashboard Variables SQL Editor Metrics (beta) Overview Frequently Asked Questions. Integrations Integrations Overview Amplitude Integration ClickUp Integration Discord Integration Electron Support Front Integration GitHub Integration Grafana Integration Overview Setup Dashboards Alerts Height Integration Intercom Integration Jira Integration LaunchDarkly Integration Linear Integration Mixpanel Integration Nuxt Integration Pendo Integration Segment Integration Slack Integration Vercel Integration WordPress Plugin Highlight.io Changelog Overview Changelog 12 (02/17) Changelog 13 (02/24) Changelog 14 (03/03) Changelog 15 (03/11) Changelog 16 (03/19) Changelog 17 (04/07) Changelog 18 (04/26) Changelog 19 (05/22) Changelog 20 (06/06) Changelog 21 (06/21) Changelog 22 (08/07) Changelog 23 (08/22) Changelog 24 (09/11) Changelog 25 (10/03) Changelog 26 (11/08) Changelog 27 (12/22) Changelog 28 (3/6) Changelog 29 (4/2) Getting Started Getting Started with Highlight Fullstack Mapping Browser React.js Next.js Remix Vue.js Angular Gatsby.js SvelteKit Electron highlight.run SDK Overview Canvas & WebGL Console Messages Content-Security-Policy Identifying Users iframe Recording Monkey Patches Browser OpenTelemetry Persistent Asset Storage Privacy Proxying Highlight React.js Error Boundary Recording Network Requests and Responses Recording WebSocket Events Salesforce Lightning Web Components (LWC) Data Export Sourcemap Configuration Tracking Events Troubleshooting Upgrading Highlight Versioning Sessions & Errors Other React Native (beta) Server Go Overview chi Echo Fiber Gin GORM gqlgen Logrus Manual Tracing gorilla mux JS Overview Apollo AWS Lambda Cloudflare Workers Express.js Firebase Hono Nest.js Next.js Node.js Pino tRPC Winston Python Overview AWS Lambda Azure Functions Django FastAPI Flask Google Cloud Functions Loguru Other Frameworks Python AI / LLM Libraries Python Libraries Ruby Overview Other Frameworks Ruby on Rails Rust Overview actix-web No Framework Hosting Providers Overview Metrics in AWS Logging in AWS Logging in Azure Fly.io NATS Log Shipper Logging in GCP Heroku Log Drain Render Log Stream Logging in Trigger.dev Vercel Log Drain Elixir Overview Elixir App Java: All Frameworks PHP: All Frameworks C# .NET ASP C# .NET 4 ASP Docker / Docker Compose File Fluent Forward curl OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) Syslog RFC5424 Systemd / Journald Native OpenTelemetry Overview Error Monitoring Logging Tracing Browser Instrumentation Metrics Fullstack Frameworks Overview Next.js Fullstack Overview Next.js Page Router Guide Next.js App Router Guide Edge Runtime Advanced Config Remix Walkthrough Self Host & Local Dev Overview Development deployment guide. Integrations Microsoft Teams self-hosted Hobby deployment guide. Traefik SSL Proxying. Docs Home SDK Client SDK API Reference Cloudflare Worker SDK API Reference Go SDK API Reference Hono SDK API Reference Java SDK API Reference Next.JS SDK API Reference Node.JS SDK API Reference Python SDK API Reference Ruby SDK API Reference Rust SDK API Reference Docs / Highlight Docs / Product Features / Error Monitoring / Manually Reporting Errors Manually Reporting Errors In each of our language SDKs, highlight.io supports manually sending errors. This is useful for reporting errors that are not caught by the SDK, or that you would like to define internally as your own application errors. In javascript, we support this via the H.consumeError method (see our SDK docs ) and in other languages, we maintain this naming convention (pending casing conventions of the language in question.). Example in javascript: H.consumeError(error, 'Error in Highlight custom boundary!', { component: 'JustThroughAnError.tsx', }); Managing Errors Sourcemaps Community / Support Suggest Edits? Follow us! [object Object] | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
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https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-517-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 517 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 517 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS SMTP error 517 represents a permanent or "5xx" error message issued by a mail server, indicating the sender's email address is barred or deactivated due to policy breaches or related reasons. This error signifies the mail server's refusal to accept or dispatch emails originating from the sender, presenting a constraining setback. What are the cases covered in SMTP Error 517? Case 1: "517 5.2.2 mailbox@example.com: Mailbox full. Please try again later." Case 2: "517 4.3.1 mailbox@example.com: Over quota. Cannot receive further messages at this time." Case 3: "517 5.2.2 mailbox@example.com: The recipient's mailbox is currently full. Delivery temporarily suspended." Case 4: "517 4.7.1 mailbox@example.com: Delivery not authorized, message refused. Recipient mailbox quota exceeded." What’s Causing This SMTP Error 517 In Your Servers? SMTP error 517 commonly arises due to one or more of the following factors: Policy Violations: The sender's email address might be flagged for spamming, engaging in abusive conduct, or breaching the recipient server's regulations. Blacklisting: The sender's domain or IP address could be enlisted in email blacklists, which are maintained to obstruct known origins of spam or malicious emails. Suspected Phishing or Fraud: The sender's email address or its content might arouse suspicions of phishing endeavors, fraudulent activities, or other malevolent actions. Recipient Server's Security Measures: The recipient's email server might enforce stringent security protocols triggering SMTP error 517 for specific senders. Remediating SMTP error 517 To tackle SMTP error 517 occurring in PHPMailer or Jenkins, validating Active Directory attributes is essential. Confirm that all affected users have a properly configured mail attribute within Active Directory. Ensure that no erroneous characters are present in the mail attribute, which could lead to SMTP error 517. This validation process is crucial for maintaining the integrity of email delivery mechanisms in PHPMailer and Jenkins setups. Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 553 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://dev.to/joe-re | joe-re - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions joe-re Software Engineer in Japan Joined Joined on Jan 2, 2018 github website twitter website Work PeopleX Inc. Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Eight Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least eight years. Got it Close Seven Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least seven years. Got it Close Six Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least six years. Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @joe-re Skills/Languages Japanese, English, Web development Post 1 post published Comment 0 comments written Tag 4 tags followed I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow joe-re joe-re joe-re Follow Jan 12 I Built a Desktop App to Supercharge My TMUX + Claude Code Workflow # claudecode # tauri # productivity # tmux 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
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https://www.suprsend.com/smtp-error-solution/smtp-error-553-solution-causes-and-error-message-syntax-in-your-email-server | SMTP Error 553 Solution, Causes and Error Message Syntax in Your Email Server Product FEATURES Template Engine Powerful template editors for all channels App Inbox Fully customizable inbox for your app & website Analytics Deep data insights on notification performance Logs Real-time notifications logs for all channels Smart Routing Reach users where they are Branding Seamlessly manage multi-brand customization Workflows Craft complex notification workflows Bifrost Run notifications natively on data warehouse Preferences Develop user focused notifications Integrations Integrate any channel and provider within mins Solutions BY USECASES Transactional Real-time alerts like authentication, activity updates Batching & Digest Aggregate multiple alerts into one Collaboration & Action Alerts on cross-user activity Scheduled Notifications One-time or recurring alerts like reminders Multi-tenant Alerts tailored to your customer's preferences Announcement / Newsletters Feature releases, achievements, product & policy updates Pricing Docs Customers Blog Login Get Started For Free Login Sign up SMTP Error 553 What causes this error and solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS Encountering SMTP error 553 signifies your email was permanently rejected (5xx) due to problems with the recipient's email address or domain (phpmailer, jenkins). This indicates the message couldn't be delivered because of recipient information issues. What triggers SMTP Error 553? Common scenarios behind SMTP Error 553: Nonexistent Recipient: The recipient's email address ("RCPT TO" or "To:") is invalid and doesn't correspond to a real account or mailbox (phpmailer, jenkins). Invalid Recipient Domain: The recipient's email domain (e.g., example.com) is non-existent, expired, or has DNS (Domain Name System) problems. Unauthorized Recipient: The recipient's domain or address cannot receive your email, or it's blocked by their server for policy reasons. Content Filtering: The email content might contain prohibited elements like spam, malware, or violations of the recipient server's policies. What’s Causing This SMTP Error 553 In Your Servers? Potential causes of SMTP Error 553: Incorrect Recipient Address: Double-check that the recipient's email address is accurate, complete, and belongs to a valid account or mailbox (phpmailer, jenkins). Recipient Domain Issues: Verify that the recipient's email domain is functioning correctly, has no DNS issues, and isn't expired. Contact Recipient Administrators: If the recipient's domain has issues, their administrators might need to intervene to resolve technical problems or adjust email acceptance policies. Review Email Content: Analyze the email for potential policy violations like spammy content, excessive attachments, or malicious links. How to Resolve SMTP Error 553 - Step-by-Step Solution Verify Recipient Address: Ensure the recipient's email address is accurate, complete, and belongs to a valid account or mailbox (phpmailer, jenkins). Check Recipient Domain: Confirm that the recipient's email domain is functioning correctly, has no DNS issues, and isn't expired. Revise Email Content: Address any potential policy violations in the email message, such as removing spammy content or harmful attachments, to comply with the recipient server's policies. Contact Recipient Administrators (if applicable): If the issue lies with the recipient's domain, contact their administrators for assistance. SMTP Error 553 Examples "553 5.1.1 recipient@example.com: Recipient address does not exist." "553 5.4.5 recipient@example.com: Domain name not found. Check recipient domain." "553 5.7.0 recipient@example.com: Unauthorized recipient. Email blocked due to policy reasons." "553 5.1.2 Content filtering detected prohibited content in the email message. Delivery denied." Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free Share this blog on: Written by: Sanjeev Kumar Engineering, SuprSend Get a powerful notification engine with SuprSend Build smart notifications across channels in minutes with a single API and frontend components Get started for free Say Goodbye to all SMTP Errors in Development SuprSend eliminates the need to build and configure email servers from scratch, ensuring you steer clear of SMTP errors. Here's how SuprSend would work for your application, building a reliable notification system. Get Started For Free More to explore Error: SMTP is not working on the server Error: Suddenlink SMTP Server Not Working Error - SMTP not working in python Error: SMTP mail not Working Error: SMTP Error Could not authenticate SMTP Connect Error 10060 SMTP Error from Remote Mail Server After End of Data SMTP Error: Data Not Accepted SMTP Error 554 SMTP Error 556 Implement a powerful stack for your notifications Get Started For Free Book Demo Company About us Signup Login Integrations Pricing Security Privacy Terms Contact Us Support SuprSend for Startups API Status Sign Up Channels Email SMS Notification Inbox Android Push iOS Push Web Push Xiaomi Push Whatsapp SDK Python SDK Node.js SDK Java SDK Android SDK React Native SDK iOS SDK Flutter SDK Go SDK Resources Documentation Changelog Blogs Write for us SMTP Error Codes SMS Providers Comparisons Email Providers Comparisons SMS Providers Alternatives Join us on Slack We are building a community of developers and product builders from across the globe to make notifications a pleasant experience. © 2025 All rights reserved. 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https://github.blog/changelog/2026/?label=actions | GitHub Changelog Skip to content / Blog Changelog Docs Customer stories Try GitHub Copilot See what's new Search Changelog Docs Customer stories See what's new Try GitHub Copilot Back to blog Changelog Copy RSS feed URL Follow @ghchangelog on X All New Releases Improvements Retired Filters ( 0 selected ) Actions Clear all Filters ( 0 selected ) Match: Any All Tags Account management Actions Application Security Client apps Collaboration tools Community engagement Copilot Ecosystem & accessibility Enterprise management tools Platform governance Projects & Issues Supply chain security Universe ‘25 Clear all Apply January Jan 2026 January Jan 2026 Jan.01 Release Reduced pricing for GitHub-hosted runners usage actions Pagination Prev 2026 2025 2024 ... 2018 2026 2025 ... 2018 Next Subscribe to our developer newsletter Discover tips, technical guides, and best practices in our biweekly newsletter just for devs. Enter your email * Subscribe By submitting, I agree to let GitHub and its affiliates use my information for personalized communications, targeted advertising, and campaign effectiveness. See the GitHub Privacy Statement for more details. Back to top Site-wide Links Product Features Security Enterprise Customer Stories Pricing Resources Platform Developer API Partners Atom Electron GitHub Desktop Support Docs Community Forum Training Status Contact Company About Blog Careers Press Shop © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Manage Cookies Do not share my personal information LinkedIn icon GitHub on LinkedIn Instagram icon GitHub on Instagram YouTube icon GitHub on YouTube X icon GitHub on X TikTok icon GitHub on TikTok Twitch icon GitHub on Twitch GitHub icon GitHub’s organization on GitHub | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
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https://github.blog/changelog/2026/1/ | Archive: January 2026 - GitHub Changelog Skip to content / Blog Changelog Docs Customer stories Try GitHub Copilot See what's new Search Changelog Docs Customer stories See what's new Try GitHub Copilot Back to blog Changelog Copy RSS feed URL Follow @ghchangelog on X All New Releases Improvements Retired Filters ( 0 selected ) Clear all Filters ( 0 selected ) Match: Any All Tags Account management Actions Application Security Client apps Collaboration tools Community engagement Copilot Ecosystem & accessibility Enterprise management tools Platform governance Projects & Issues Supply chain security Universe ‘25 Clear all Apply January Jan 2026 January Jan 2026 Jan.12 Improvement Selectively showing "act on your behalf" warning for GitHub Apps is in public preview ecosystem & accessibility Jan.12 Improvement Controlling who can request apps for your organization is now generally available enterprise management tools Jan.12 Retired Deprecation of user to organization account transformation account management Jan.06 Release Gemini 3 Flash is now available in Visual Studio, JetBrains IDEs, Xcode, and Eclipse copilot Jan.01 Release Reduced pricing for GitHub-hosted runners usage actions Pagination Prev 2026 2025 2024 ... 2018 2026 2025 ... 2018 Next Subscribe to our developer newsletter Discover tips, technical guides, and best practices in our biweekly newsletter just for devs. Enter your email * Subscribe By submitting, I agree to let GitHub and its affiliates use my information for personalized communications, targeted advertising, and campaign effectiveness. See the GitHub Privacy Statement for more details. Back to top Site-wide Links Product Features Security Enterprise Customer Stories Pricing Resources Platform Developer API Partners Atom Electron GitHub Desktop Support Docs Community Forum Training Status Contact Company About Blog Careers Press Shop © 2026 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Manage Cookies Do not share my personal information LinkedIn icon GitHub on LinkedIn Instagram icon GitHub on Instagram YouTube icon GitHub on YouTube X icon GitHub on X TikTok icon GitHub on TikTok Twitch icon GitHub on Twitch GitHub icon GitHub’s organization on GitHub | 2026-01-13T08:48:21 |
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