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6.7.2 Attenuation Range in Receive Direction during Double Talk AH,R,dt
Requirement Based on the level variation in receive direction during double talk AH,R,dt the behaviour of the terminal can be classified according to table 6.7.2-1. Table 6.7.2-1: Double talk categories for receive direction Category (according to Recommendation ITU-T P.340 [8]) 1 2a 2b 2c 3 Full Duplex Capability Part...
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6.7.3 Detection of echo components during double Talk
Requirement Echo Loss (EL) during double talk is the echo suppression provided by the terminal during double talk measured at the electrical reference point. Table 6.7.3-1: Echo loss during double talk categories Category (according to Recommendation ITU-T P.340 [8]) 1 2a 2b 2c 3 Full Duplex Capability Partial Duplex C...
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6.7.4 Minimum activation level and sensitivity of double talk detection
For further study.
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6.8 Switching parameters
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6.8.1 Activation in Send Direction
The activation in send direction is mainly determined by the built-up time Tr,S,min and the minimum activation level (LS,min). The minimum activation level is the level required to remove the inserted attenuation in send direction during idle mode. The built-up time is determined for the test signal burst which is appl...
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6.8.2 Minimum activation level and sensitivity in receive direction
For further study.
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6.8.3 Automatic level control
For further study.
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6.8.4 Silence Suppression and Comfort Noise Generation
For further study.
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6.9 Background noise performance
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6.9.1 Performance in send direction in the presence of background noise
Requirement The level of comfort noise, if implemented, shall be within in a range of +2 dB and -5 dB compared to the original (transmitted) background noise. The noise level is calculated with psophometric weighting according to Recommendation ITU-T O.41 [31] in dBm0(p). NOTE 1: It is advisable that the comfort noise ...
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6.9.2 Speech Quality in the Presence of Background Noise
Requirement Speech Quality for narrowband systems shall be tested based on ETSI TS 103 106 [25]. The test method leads to three MOS-LQO quality numbers: • N-MOS-LQOn: Transmission quality of the background noise. • S-MOS-LQOn: Transmission quality of the speech. • G-MOS-LQOn: Overall transmission quality. For the backg...
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6.9.3 Quality of Background Noise Transmission (with Far End Speech)
Requirement The test is carried out applying a speech signal in receive direction and by comparing the noise level transmitted in the send direction under reference conditions with no far end speech, to the noise level transmitted in the send direction under test conditions including far end speech. During and after th...
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6.10 Quality of echo cancellation
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6.10.1 Temporal echo effects
Requirement This test is intended to verify that the system will maintain sufficient echo attenuation during single talk. The measured echo attenuation during single talk shall not decrease by more than 6 dB from the maximum echo attenuation measured. Measurement method The handset terminal or the headset terminal is s...
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6.10.2 Spectral Echo Attenuation
Requirement The echo attenuation vs. frequency shall be below the tolerance mask given in table 6.10.2-1. Table 6.10.2-1: Echo attenuation limits Frequency Limit 100 Hz -20 dB 200 Hz -30 dB 300 Hz -38 dB 800 Hz -34 dB 1 500 Hz -33 dB 2 600 Hz -24 dB 4 000 Hz -24 dB NOTE 1: All sensitivity values are expressed in dB on ...
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6.10.3 Occurrence of Artefacts
For further study.
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6.10.4 Variable echo path
Requirement This test is intended to verify that the system will maintain sufficient echo attenuation during single talk with dynamically changing echo paths. The measured echo level over time during single talk shall not be more than 10 dB above the minimum noise level during the measurement. Measurement method The ha...
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6.11 Send and receive delay - round-trip delay
Requirement Send and receive delays are tested separately but the requirement is defined for the combination of send and receive delays (round-trip delay). It is recognized that the end-to-end delay should be as small as possible in order to ensure high quality of the communication. The roundtrip delay of the handset/h...
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6.12 Void
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6.13 Void
7 Codec dependent requirements and associated Measurement Methodologies
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7.1 Speech Codecs
The present document is intended to be applicable for different speech codecs implemented in access networks. Table 7.1-1 defines a list of speech codecs implemented in the terminals (non-exhaustive). Table 7.1-1: List of speech codecs System Codec GSM 850, 900, 1 800, 1 900 AMR-NB [16] GSM Full Rate Codec [22] Enhance...
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7.2 Objective listening speech quality
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7.2.0 Overview
The test methods and requirements described in clauses 7.2.1 and 7.2.2 are only applicable if the handset or headset terminal supports at least one of the codecs listed in table 7.1-1.
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7.2.1 Objective listening speech quality MOS-LQO in send direction
The listening speech quality tests are conducted without any packet impairments (clean network conditions). Requirements The requirements for the listening speech quality according to table 7.2.1-1 apply. Table 7.2.1-1: Requirements for speech quality in send direction Speech codec MOS-LQON (P.863 [23]) MOS-LQOM (TOSQA...
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7.2.2 Objective listening quality MOS-LQO in receive direction
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7.2.2.1 Jitter- and Error-Free Condition
The listening speech quality tests are conducted without any packet impairments (clean network conditions). Requirements The requirement for the listening speech quality and the delay under clean network conditions according to table 7.2.2-1 apply. ETSI ETSI TS 103 737 V1.4.1 (2021-10) 43 Table 7.2.2-1: Requirements fo...
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7.2.2.2 Packet Impairments
The listening speech quality tests are conducted with simulated packet impairments. In addition to the listening speech quality tests, the delay is measured. The tests of this clause are only applicable to terminals providing an IP-based network access. Requirements The degradation between the error- and jitter-free co...
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1 Scope
The present document contains non-functional requirements for the replacement of advertisements in the broadcast with ones targeted at the consumer that accompany the functional requirements in ETSI TS 103 736-1[1]. The requirements in the present document apply to terminals.
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1] apply.
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1] apply.
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1] apply. ETSI ETSI TS 103 736-2 V1.1.1 (2020-06) 7
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4 Minimum support for preloading an advert into RAM
The parameters of an advert which a terminal shall be able to preload into RAM (see clause 10.1.3 of ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1]) are as follows: • Duration 30 s • HD AVC video at 8 MBit/s • HE-AAC audio at 128 kBit/s
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5 Switch durations and accuracies
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5.1 General
The present document defines minimum performance requirements for duration and accuracy when switching from broadcast content to broadband content and vice-versa (see clause 4 of ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1]). Two different performance profiles are distinguished and corresponding profile attributes are defined in order to ena...
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5.2 Limitations and restrictions
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5.2.1 Testing considerations
Testing of the requirements in the present document shall be done in accordance with the testing consideration requirements defined in clause 9.3.5 of ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1].
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5.2.2 Exclusions
The performance requirements in the present document do not apply under the following circumstances: • When switching to or from UHD broadcast video or UHD adverts. Terminals that support UHD broadcasts (see clause 7.3.1.3 of ETSI TS 102 796 [2]), shall support switching to and from UHD broadcast video (see clause 10.2...
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5.3 Switch duration and accuracy performance profiles
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5.3.1 Introduction
Based on the considerations in clause 5.2 of ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1], the present document defines two profiles for switch duration and accuracy performance: • Profile 2 is defined for terminals that can switch fast enough to replace one or more consecutive adverts in the middle of an ad break. Such terminals are also ab...
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5.3.2 Profile 1 - Supporting replacing only the last advert(s) in a break
Terminals supporting profile 1 (and not profile 2) shall meet the following requirements: • broadcast-to-broadband accuracy limit (see clause 4.2.3 of ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1]) of: - A1 ≤ 40 ms • broadcast-to-broadband duration (see clause 4.2.4 of ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1]) where: - D1min = 0 - D1max = 240 ms • broadband-to-...
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5.3.3 Profile 2 - Supporting replacing ads in the middle of a break
Terminals supporting profile 2 shall meet the following requirements: • broadcast-to-broadband accuracy limit (see clause 4.2.3 of ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1]) of: - A1 ≤ 40 ms • broadcast-to-broadband duration (see clause 4.2.4 of ETSI TS 103 736-1 [1]) where: - D1min = 0 - D1max = 120 ms • broadband-to-broadcast accuracy l...
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1 Scope
The present document specifies a reference functional architecture for an end-to-end system that delivers linear content over Internet Protocol (IP) networks in a scalable and standards-compliant manner. Scalability is achieved by means of IP multicast operating in parallel with and alongside conventional unicast deliv...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply: ancillary ingest object: ingest object that is an ancillary media object ancillary media object: media object conveyed via a multicast transport session or via a unicast transport session that does not comprise linear content NOTE: Examples of ancilla...
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3.2 Symbols
Void.
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ABNF Augmented Backus-Naur Form ALC Asynchronous Layered Coding AL-FEC Application Level FEC API Application Programmer's Interface ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee BBC British Broadcasting Corporation CCI Congestion Control Informat...
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4 General
The present document specifies a reference functional architecture for an end-to-end system that delivers linear content over Internet Protocol (IP) networks in a scalable and standards-compliant manner. Scalability is achieved by means of IP multicast operating in parallel with and alongside conventional unicast deliv...
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5 Reference architecture
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5.1 Reference points
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5.1.0 Introduction
The relationships between the logical functions in the reference architecture are identified by named reference points. In a practical deployment, each of these is realized by a concrete interface and conveys information between the relevant functions using a particular protocol. The reference points and the logical fu...
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5.1.1 Data plane reference points
The reference points defined in this clause are used primarily to transport content: L Unicast HTTP(S) [2] interaction between a Content Playback function and a Multicast gateway. This interface includes the fetching of all specified types of content. NOTE: When a Multicast gateway and a Content playback function are c...
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5.1.2 Control plane reference points
The reference points defined in this clause are used for control signalling and operational reporting. CMS Control interface for configuration of a Multicast server function. CMR Control interface for configuration of a Multicast gateway function. CCP Control interface for configuration of a Provisioning function. RS S...
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5.2 Reference architecture diagram
A diagram of the reference architecture is shown on the next page (figure 5.2-1). Logical functions are depicted as named boxes and these may be nested in cases where a high-level function is composed of several subfunctions. Functions that lie within the scope of the present document are shown with black text. Those b...
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5.3 Functions
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5.3.1 Content preparation
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5.3.1.0 Introduction
The operation of the Content preparation function is specified in clause 8.1.
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5.3.1.1 Content encoding
The Content encoding function transforms source media streams into encoded media with the aim of reducing the bit rate. A single source media stream may be transformed into a number of different encoded representations to match delivery conditions. Virtual segment boundary markers may be placed in the encoded media rep...
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5.3.1.2 Content encryption
The Content encryption function takes a cleartext stream and encrypts some or all of it to form a ciphertext stream. The encryption keys are obtained from the DRM licence management function. This function is optional in the case where encryption is not a requirement for a particular stream.
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5.3.1.3 Content packaging
The Content packaging function ingests the media streams of one (or more) encoded representations and formats each one according to a desired packaging format. In the context of dynamic adaptive streaming, the output of the packager is a sequence of packaged media segments with representation switching points that are ...
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5.3.2 Content hosting
Prepared content is made available by the Content hosting function for unicast delivery to the Multicast server (for content ingest via reference point Oin), to the Multicast gateway (for cache misses via reference point A), to instances of the Content playback function that are not connecting through a Multicast gatew...
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5.3.3 Multicast server
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5.3.3.0 Introduction
The Multicast server function ingests content from the configured content sources. In the simple case, media streams are retrieved, typically using the same protocols that a media player might employ, via reference point Oin. ETSI ETSI TS 103 769 V1.2.1 (2024-11) 24 In the Multicast server, the payloads of the ingested...
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5.3.3.1 Content ingest
Both push and pull content ingest methods are possible for the Multicast server: • HTTP(S) Pull Ingest via reference point Oin: The subfunction mimics a conventional adaptive streaming media player and downloads packaged media segments from the Content hosting function as described by a presentation manifest. In this c...
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5.3.3.2 Multicast transmission
This subfunction is responsible for serializing streams received by the Content ingest subfunction and for transmitting the serialized streams in the payloads of IP multicast packets via interface M.
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5.3.4 Unicast repair service
The Unicast repair service offers a payload repair function to the Unicast repair client in the Multicast gateway via reference point U. The following repair modes could be considered for the Unicast repair service: 1) The Unicast repair service listens to multicast content transmissions over reference point M and loca...
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5.3.5 Multicast gateway
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5.3.5.0 Introduction
The primary purpose of this function is to provide packaged content segments to the Content playback function. The Multicast gateway may be realized as a forward proxy or as a local origin (including reverse proxy). ETSI ETSI TS 103 769 V1.2.1 (2024-11) 25 The Multicast gateway could be instantiated in customer premise...
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5.3.5.1 Service management
The Service management subfunction collates multicast session configuration information about multicast content streams available via interface M as well as the location(s) of the Service reporting capture function. This information may be received from one or more of the following sources: • Directly from Network cont...
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5.3.5.2 Multicast reception
The Multicast reception subfunction ingests content streams via interface M that have been requested by or configured for an end device. Content that has been received intact may also be cached in Asset storage for later use. Content damaged in transit may be repaired using any specified mechanism(s) at the Multicast g...
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5.3.5.3 Unicast repair client
Multicast packet loss detection is performed and recovered from using either Forward Error Correction information received via interface M, loss recovery using the Unicast repair service via interface U (e.g. unicast packet retransmission or multicast segment loss signalling) or, as a last resort, unicast fill via refe...
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5.3.5.4 Asset storage
The Asset storage subfunction provides temporary storage of assets to be served over reference point L. Authority over the storage lies with the Multicast gateway. • Managed pre-positioned media content assets. For example, pre-positioning all or part of a popular asset, or advertising material in advance of its availa...
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5.3.5.5 Service reporting
Service-related metrics (e.g. telemetry and analytics data) are reported by the Service reporting subfunction to the Service reporting capture subfunction via interface RS. ETSI ETSI TS 103 769 V1.2.1 (2024-11) 26
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5.3.6 Provisioning
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5.3.6.0 Introduction
5.3.
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6.0 Introduction
The purposes of the Provisioning function are: 1) To collect service reporting information centrally from the deployed Multicast gateway instances. 2) To configure resources in the Network. 3) To configure the Multicast server to use the configured Network resources. 4) To configure the Multicast gateway to use the con...
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5.3.6.1 Service reporting capture
Service reporting information captured by the Multicast gateway is supplied to the Service reporting capture function via reference point RS. The reports may include metrics and other key indicators describing the performance of the service (e.g. cache hit ratio, viewership). The metrics depend on which channels are re...
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5.3.6.2 Network control
This function is responsible for controlling, configuring and provisioning Network resources. This includes the resources for multicast transmission (over reference point M) and well as those for unicast operation (over reference points U, A, A′, A″ and B). In systems with centralized co-ordination, the Network control...
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5.3.7 Content Provider control
This function uses the control interface CCP provided by the Network control function to provision information about services that can be made available over the multicast delivery path M. A single Content Provider control function may be interacting with multiple Network control functions, each one of the latter opera...
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5.3.8 Content playback
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5.3.8.0 Introduction
5.3.
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8.0 Introduction
This is the entity managing the request, reception, decryption and presentation of content. It only supports unicast delivery via reference point L. Playback behaviour is agnostic to the delivery path traversed by the content. The Content playback function may be located separately from the Multicast gateway on an end ...
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5.3.8.1 Content unpackaging
The Content unpackaging subfunction is responsible for extracting elementary stream data from retrieved transport objects and presenting it to the Content decryption and Content decoding subfunctions. For example, with ISO Base Media File Format segments this involves extracting the appropriate media data box(es), whil...
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5.3.8.2 Content decryption
If a Digital Rights Management system is in operation, the Content decryption subfunction is responsible for obtaining appropriate decryption keys from the DRM licence management function and for decrypting any encrypted elementary streams.
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5.3.8.3 Content decoding
The Content decoding subfunction is responsible for parsing and interpreting the contents of elementary media streams, allowing them to be rendered for playback on, for example, a screen or loudspeakers.
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5.3.8.4 Playback metrics reporting
The Playback metrics reporting subfunction reports information relating to the behaviour and quality of experience of content playback to the Content Provider metrics reporting capture function via reference point RPM. The metrics may include (but are not limited to) details of HTTP request/response transactions, initi...
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5.3.9 Multicast rendezvous service
The Multicast rendezvous service maintains records of managed Multicast gateway instances, including their current status, and records of current multicast sessions, including their status. The Network control function is responsible for supplying all of this information to the Multicast rendezvous service, but the mea...
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5.3.10 DRM licence management
This optional entity is responsible for core content protection services, providing appropriate encryption keys to be used by the Content encryption function, and supplying licences to the Content decryption subfunction to enable the Content playback function to decrypt encrypted content.
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5.3.11 Application
The Application is responsible for controlling the Content playback function. Examples include an embedded control application on an integrated television set or set-top box ("EPG application") or a third-party application contributed by a Content Provider. The interface the Application function uses to control the Con...
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5.3.12 Service directory
The Application may use a private Service directory in order to locate available linear services. The Service directory function may be configured by the Content provider control function. Because the Service directory function is application-specific it is outside the scope of the present document.
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6 Deployment models
6.0 Introduction The reference architecture described in clause 5 is intended to support the deployment models described in this clause.
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6.1 Multicast gateway deployed in network edge device
Figure 6.1-1 The terminal device does not support reception of IP multicast from the home network. It includes the Content playback function, and loads an Application to control linear playback. The Multicast gateway is deployed in a network edge device upstream of the terminal device and provides multicast-to-unicast ...
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6.2 Multicast gateway deployed in home gateway device
Figure 6.2-1 The Multicast gateway is deployed in a home gateway device, such as a router (typically supplied by the Internet Service Provider) and provides multicast-to-unicast conversion facilities for multiple terminal devices in the same home network. These terminal devices each have an instance of the Content play...
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6.3 Multicast gateway deployed in terminal device
Figure 6.3-1 The terminal device supports reception of IP multicast within the home network. Each such terminal device includes both Multicast gateway and Content playback functions, and loads its own Application to control linear playback. In this deployment model, the Multicast Gateway function shall provide content ...