Split (1)

validation · 7.5k rows

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.

Input stringlengths 30.5k 34.6k	Output stringlengths 293 8.84k
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Why does the Rhine water fall into depths at the Rheinbrech? What does the word Rheinrinne tra...	Answers: Why does the Rhine water fall into depths at the Rheinbrech? What does the word Rheinrinne translate to? → The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at t...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: If NP is not equal to P, viewed through this lens, what type of problems can also be considere...	Answers: If NP is not equal to P, viewed through this lens, what type of problems can also be considered intractable? Problems capable of theoretical solutions but consuming unreasonable time in practical application are known as what? → Problems that can be solved in theory (e.g., given large but finite time), but wh...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Where did the monks flee to? Who patronized the monks in Italy? What year did the university...	Answers: Where did the monks flee to? Who patronized the monks in Italy? → At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy. Under the Norman abbot Robert de Grantmesnil, several monks of Saint-Evroul fled to southern Italy, where they were patronised by Robert Guiscard an...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations? What leads to confusion and co...	Answers: What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations? What leads to confusion and collapse? → A construction project is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more pa...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What was the title of Philo's work? What did Philo incorrectly assume that the air became? Wh...	Answers: What was the title of Philo's work? What did Philo incorrectly assume that the air became? → One of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium. In his work Pneumatica, Philo observed that inverti...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Where does the name Rhine derive from? What is the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish nam...	Answers: Where does the name Rhine derive from? What is the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name of the Rhine? → The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rēnos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhēnos), Latin R...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What German poet was descended from Huguenots? Who was the final Prime Minister of East German...	Answers: What German poet was descended from Huguenots? Who was the final Prime Minister of East Germany? → Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural, an...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What author argues pitching the conscience versus the collective? What was Thoreau's punishmen...	Answers: What author argues pitching the conscience versus the collective? What was Thoreau's punishment for not paying his taxes? → However, this definition is disputed by Thoreau's political philosophy pitching the conscience vs. the collective. The individual is the final judge of right and wrong. More than this, s...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Ctenophores and cnidarians are classified as what? Ctenophores, cnidarians and what other grou...	Answers: Ctenophores and cnidarians are classified as what? Ctenophores, cnidarians and what other group are labelled diploblastic? → Like sponges and cnidarians, ctenophores have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians and ctenophores; m...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: How are 'un-aided' schools different from 'aided' schools? In addition to English, what langua...	Answers: How are 'un-aided' schools different from 'aided' schools? In addition to English, what language is also often taught in Nepalese private schools? → The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals, private organizations and religious groups. The ones that accept g...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What happens to the norm when a number is multiplied by p? To what may general global fields b...	Answers: What happens to the norm when a number is multiplied by p? To what may general global fields be transferred to or from? → In particular, this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime). While completing Q (roughly,...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What practical role does defining the complexity of problems play in everyday computing? What ...	Answers: What practical role does defining the complexity of problems play in everyday computing? What are two basic primary resources used to guage complexity? → A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used. The theory formalizes this intuit...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What was used by the West to justify control over eastern territories? The West saw the East a...	Answers: What was used by the West to justify control over eastern territories? The West saw the East as what? → Orientalism, as theorized by Edward Said, refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East. This imaginative geography relies on an essentializing discourse that represents neither the ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: When was the last plague outbreak? How many times did plague occur in Venice? What tribe uses...	Answers: When was the last plague outbreak? How many times did plague occur in Venice? → In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Who lived in a tree to prevent it from being cut down as a form of civil disobedience? What ty...	Answers: Who lived in a tree to prevent it from being cut down as a form of civil disobedience? What type of actions are taken sometimes in civil disobedience? → Civil disobedients have chosen a variety of different illegal acts. Bedau writes, "There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedien...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What type of measurements result under Schrodinger equations when using operators instead of N...	Answers: What type of measurements result under Schrodinger equations when using operators instead of Newtonian variables? What equation desribed the physics of force before the current Schrodinger equation? → The notion "force" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead o...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: How much area does the University Library garden cover? Who designed the garden for the Univer...	Answers: How much area does the University Library garden cover? Who designed the garden for the University Library? → Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816, is home to over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 D...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: When was the IPCC Trust Fund founded? Who started the IPCC Trust Fund? How wide is the Rhine ...	Answers: When was the IPCC Trust Fund founded? Who started the IPCC Trust Fund? → The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Costs of the Secretary and of housing the secretariat are prov...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: After the Dornbirner Ach was diverted, where does the Rhine flow now? What will cause the lake...	Answers: After the Dornbirner Ach was diverted, where does the Rhine flow now? What will cause the lake near the Rhine to silt up? → A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the we...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Which Fresno district is the center for the LGBT community? What area has become attractive fo...	Answers: Which Fresno district is the center for the LGBT community? What area has become attractive for restaurants? → The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores, currently operating on or near Olive Avenue, and all within a few hundred feet...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What process do moderate and reformist Islamists work within the boundaries of? On what basis ...	Answers: What process do moderate and reformist Islamists work within the boundaries of? On what basis do the radical Islamist organizations conduct their attacks? → Moderate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Who was in charge of the papal army in the War of Barbastro? What year did Roger de Tosny fail...	Answers: Who was in charge of the papal army in the War of Barbastro? What year did Roger de Tosny fail to accomplish what he set out to do? → The legendary religious zeal of the Normans was exercised in religious wars long before the First Crusade carved out a Norman principality in Antioch. They were major foreign p...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Who responded to Lindzen's criticisms? What did Houghton say is necessary for any changes to t...	Answers: Who responded to Lindzen's criticisms? What did Houghton say is necessary for any changes to the SPM? → IPCC author Richard Lindzen has made a number of criticisms of the TAR. Among his criticisms, Lindzen has stated that the WGI Summary for Policymakers (SPM) does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Which State Route has been in discussion to upgrade to interstate standards? In what year was ...	Answers: Which State Route has been in discussion to upgrade to interstate standards? In what year was the Interstate Highway System created? → Fresno is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway. When the Interstate Highway System was created in the 1950s, the decision was made to build what ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract? How many homes did the Alta Vista Tract have five years after...	Answers: Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract? How many homes did the Alta Vista Tract have five years after Billings & Meyering acquired it? → Homes from the early 20th century line this boulevard in the heart of the historic Alta Vista Tract. The section of Huntington Boulevard between First Street on the west to Cedar A...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: How were the Mongol garrison families earning money? By what year was selling children into sl...	Answers: How were the Mongol garrison families earning money? By what year was selling children into slavery common among the Mongols? → The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty seems to have lived a life of decaying rural leisure, with income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants eaten up by costs ...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: When did Kublai move the Mongol capital? Where had the Mongol capital been before Kublai moved...	Answers: When did Kublai move the Mongol capital? Where had the Mongol capital been before Kublai moved it? → Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266. In 1271, Kublai form...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What was result of French attack of trading centre? Was was the plan for Langlades mission? T...	Answers: What was result of French attack of trading centre? Was was the plan for Langlades mission? → On March 17, 1752, the Governor-General of New France, Marquis de la Jonquière, died and was temporarily replaced by Charles le Moyne de Longueuil. His permanent replacement, the Marquis Duquesne, did not arrive in N...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: In 2009 what was the total of Grants awarded from Harvard? What is tuition for 2012 - 13 year ...	Answers: In 2009 what was the total of Grants awarded from Harvard? What is tuition for 2012 - 13 year at Harvard? → For the 2012–13 school year annual tuition was $38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000. Beginning 2007, families with incomes below $60,000 pay nothing for their children to attend, includi...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: How many seats must a political party have to be represented on the Parliamentary Bureau? Who ...	Answers: How many seats must a political party have to be represented on the Parliamentary Bureau? Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad in an official capacity? → As a member of the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body, the Presiding Officer is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functio...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Silicates of magnesium and iron make up of the Earth's ___ Aside from oxides, what other compo...	Answers: Silicates of magnesium and iron make up of the Earth's ___ Aside from oxides, what other compounds comprise a large portion of the Earth's crust? → Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities in the form of carbon dioxide (CO 2). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of sili...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What does the template for bills passed by the Scottish Parliament include? Why is the final b...	Answers: What does the template for bills passed by the Scottish Parliament include? Why is the final bill passed to the Monarch? → Royal assent: After the bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament. However he cannot do so un...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What title did Iroquois give Johnson? What was William Johnson's role in British military? --...	Answers: What title did Iroquois give Johnson? What was William Johnson's role in British military? → The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson in upstate New York. The British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region and beyond, Johnson was known to the Iroquois as Warraghiggey, meanin...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: By which year did the American cars mpg start to improve? Name a luxury model that became popu...	Answers: By which year did the American cars mpg start to improve? Name a luxury model that became popular in the mid-1970s. → An increase in imported cars into North America forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales. The Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon fr...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale and the availability of skilled tradesp...	Answers: Site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale and the availability of skilled tradespeople all affect what? What generally dictates the construction materials used? → Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority regulations and codes of prac...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Who demonstrated that P= NP implies problems not present in P or NP-complete? What is an examp...	Answers: Who demonstrated that P= NP implies problems not present in P or NP-complete? What is an example of an NP-intermediate problem not known to exist in P or NP-complete? → It was shown by Ladner that if P ≠ NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-int...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: How many people lived in Fresno in 2000, according to the Census Bureau? How many housing uni...	Answers: How many people lived in Fresno in 2000, according to the Census Bureau? How many housing units were there in 2000? → As of the census of 2000, there were 427,652 people, 140,079 households, and 97,915 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,097.9 people per square mile (1,582.2/km²). The...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: What was the UK governments benefits agenchy checking in 2012? What did the benefits agency th...	Answers: What was the UK governments benefits agenchy checking in 2012? What did the benefits agency think sports channels on a TV bill meant? → The Daily Mail newspaper reported in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants' "Sky TV bills to establish if a woman in receipt of benefits as a s...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: Harvard - Yale Regatta predates "The Game" by how many years? In what year did Harvard win an ...	Answers: Harvard - Yale Regatta predates "The Game" by how many years? In what year did Harvard win an Intercolleiate Sailing Association National Championship? → Older than The Game by 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta was the original source of the athletic rivalry between the two schools. It is held annually in Ju...
Instructions: Find the relevant paragraphs that contain the answers for the following questions, and copy the entire question and paragraph together. ----------------------------------------------------------- Questions: The integer factorization problem essentially seeks to determine if the value of of an input i...	Answers: The integer factorization problem essentially seeks to determine if the value of of an input is less than what variable? That there currently exists no known integer factorization problem underpins what commonly used system? → The integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the ...