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d sense of belonging to enhance their well-being. For football, basketball, volleyball, and other collective sports teams, cohesion is a significant index essential for meeting athletes’ basic psychological needs ( Blanchard et al., 2009 ). Coaches’ transformational leadership can effectively enhance team cohesion ( Pr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.47 | 0.844 | ["management", "leadership", "faith_spirituality", "philosophy"] | 496 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.141128 | [
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ves athletes’ well-being ( Cronin et al., 2015 ). Some studies have also shown that coaches’ transformational leadership can improve athletes’ satisfaction in collective sports ( Álvarez et al., 2010 ; Saybani et al., 2013 ) in terms of satisfying athletes’ basic psychological needs and well-being ( Kao and Tsai, 2016 ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.634 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.141206 | [
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an generate improved basic psychological needs satisfaction and well-being. Therefore, irrespective of the cohesion or satisfaction perspectives, this study’s results can explain the mediating role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between coaches’ transformational leadership and athletes’ well-being. Th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.469 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "networking", "philosophy", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.141534 | [
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es’ transformational leadership and athletes’ well-being, thus laying the foundation for the current study. However, Sterling and Tafvelin (2014) asserted that their research results should be further verified using different sports and cultural backgrounds, as their research measured coaches’ transformational leadersh... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.578 | 0.814 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "education"] | 447 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.141690 | [
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d by Beauchamp in the physical education context. Thus, the questionnaire’s fitting degree is not ideal for the competitive sports context ( Sterling and Tafvelin, 2014 ). Therefore, the current study uses the DTLI scale in the competitive sports context to further study football, basketball, and volleyball athletes. I... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.489 | 0.85 | ["education", "leadership", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.141759 | [
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the understanding of the impact of coaches’ transformational leadership. 4.3. Moderating role of gender This study reveals that perceived transformational leadership from coaches positively affects athletes’ basic psychological needs and improves their well-being. Female athletes have a higher basic psychological needs... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.634 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "education"] | 507 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.141860 | [
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idly than boys during adolescence ( Cohn, 1991 ). Therefore, female athletes may be more mature than male athletes in dealing with interpersonal relationships. These interpersonal relationships (especially with coaches) could result in higher basic psychological needs satisfaction. Second, the psychological research ha... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.396 | 0.836 | ["networking"] | 465 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.141961 | [
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females with no such traits ( Cai et al., 2008 ). Under the long-term guiding ideology and training mode of “technique and tactics masculinity,” Chinese female basketball, volleyball, and football athletes are in constant conflict against each other and display masculine traits ( Gao, 1990 ; Zhang, 2018 ). However, whi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.398 | 0.862 | ["war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 493 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142029 | [
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r ( Zhang and Yao, 2010 ; Bormann et al., 2016 ). Third, coaches’ leadership styles can affect athletes’ psychological adaptability; in this process, female athletes show higher adaptability than male athletes ( Chen, 2003 ). Finally, female athletes show lower psychological blocking and higher psychological satisfacti... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.63 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142084 | [
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t a higher level by making them realize the significance and responsibility of the tasks that they undertake ( Charbonneau et al., 2001 ). Therefore, the differences in psychological adaptation, psychological blocking, and psychological satisfaction between male and female athletes leads to different levels of well-bei... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.467 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 490 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142172 | [
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l needs and improve their well-being, as follows. First, during daily training and management, coaches should play an exemplary role and become the role models that athletes are eager to imitate through their words and deeds. Second, coaches should pay attention to the individualized care of athletes and fully stimulat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.492 | 0.852 | ["management", "salary"] | 465 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142244 | [
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hough they are an indispensable part of the team. When athletes perceive their basic psychological needs to be satisfied in terms of autonomy, competence, and sense of belonging, their subjective well-being will improve; simultaneously, the athletes’ sports performance will also improve. Since females are more sensitiv... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.404 | 0.838 | ["networking", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142300 | [
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he characteristics of the interpersonal relationships within sports teams often have a more significant impact on female athletes’ psychological needs and well-being. This places higher requirements on coaches’ transformational leadership; coaches must show more transformational leadership to meet female athletes’ basi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.479 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "management", "networking"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142356 | [
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thletes when their basic psychological needs are met. Therefore, coaches and managers of sports teams should not only focus on meeting male athletes’ basic psychological needs, but should also actively pay attention to the influence of other factors on male athletes’ well-being. This is an essential direction for this ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.398 | 0.83 | ["management", "education", "salary"] | 438 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142408 | [
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esearch This study has the following limitations. First, it used cross-sectional self-reported data from athletes, with no corresponding coaching evaluation scale. However, this study maximized the sample size to reduce the impact of common method bias. This study could collect data from multiple perspectives in the fu... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.413 | 0.836 | ["education"] | 466 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142461 | [
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conclusions are generalizable to other contexts. Third, as the sample participants were aged between 15–19 years, is it possible that their limited “life experience” (especially outside of sports) may have been a significant factor in their relationships with their coaches. It would be difficult to find an equivalent s... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.598 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "crisis", "networking"] | 451 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142561 | [
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ptible to the influence of their coaches/leaders? This study may utilize a similar approach for adults or other organizations in the future to continue to verify the conclusions drawn herein. 5. Conclusion Perceived transformational leadership from coaches significantly and positively affects athletes’ well-being. When... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.641 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "networking", "education"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142663 | [
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etween perceived transformational leadership from coaches and athletes’ well-being. Further, perceived transformational leadership from coaches has a direct impact on athletes’ well-being and an indirect impact on their basic psychological needs being met. The mediating model reveals that gender moderates the relations... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.626 | 0.814 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "networking"] | 452 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142721 | [
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mediated by athletes’ basic psychological needs. Specifically, after athletes’ basic psychological needs are satisfied, the well-being of female athletes improves more than that of male athletes. Data availability statement The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, w... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.374 | 0.84 | ["ethics", "education"] | 505 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142802 | [
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mmittee of Shandong First Medical University (No. R202202220014). All adult participants provided their informed consent. Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardian/next of kin. Author contributions WL designed the research and completed the manuscript. SY des... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.507 | 0.69 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 495 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142903 | [
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o the article and approved the submitted version. Funding SY received funding support from the National Social Science Fund of China (18BTY116). Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential con... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.516 | 0.86 | ["war_conflict", "networking"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.142990 | [
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e of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Acknowledgments We thank the athletes and coaches who participated in the surve... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.537 | 0.864 | [] | 500 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.143059 | [
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of our manuscript. References Adie J. W., Duda J. L., Ntoumanis N. (2008). Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory. Motiv. Emot. 32, 189–199. doi: 10.1007/s11031-008-9095-z [ DOI ] [ Google Scholar ] Adie J. W., Duda... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9885209/ | Perceived transformational leadership from the coach and athletes’ subjective well-being: A moderated mediated model - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.598 | 0.702 | [] | 503 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.143152 | [
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mc.edu Roles David V Day : Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Laura Dannhäuser : Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing A Rui Gomes : Academic Editor Catarina Morais : Academic Editor Gianluca Serafini : Academic Editor Received 2024 Feb 22; Revised 2024 Apr 5; Accepte... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273415/ | Reconsidering Leadership Development: From Programs to Developmental Systems - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.55 | 0.838 | [] | 418 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.391154 | [
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from the output reactivates the system” (p. 20). The theory is grounded in the characteristic state of the living organism, which can be compared to a closed system in this way: “A system is closed if no material enters or leaves it; it is open if there is import and export and, therefore, change of components. Living ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273415/ | Reconsidering Leadership Development: From Programs to Developmental Systems - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.324 | 0.868 | [] | 490 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.391340 | [
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eryday life, then the cyclical exchange is clear. There is no return of energy following the completion of a program. Once the program ends, so does the system in which it was created. Negative entropy: The entropic process is “a universal law of nature in which all forms of organizations move toward disorganization or... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273415/ | Reconsidering Leadership Development: From Programs to Developmental Systems - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.478 | 0.856 | ["philosophy", "governance", "war_conflict"] | 462 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.391446 | [
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as an environmental input in addition to energy. The feedback a developing leader receives in the environment is one such information input into the cycle. In comparison, feedback in a leadership program often takes the form of 360-degree or multisource feedback reports, which are akin to driving a car while looking in... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273415/ | Reconsidering Leadership Development: From Programs to Developmental Systems - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.4 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 473 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.391507 | [
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e goal of having all participants end the program at the same level of standard [ 12 ]. Table 1. Characteristics of Open Systems. Characteristic Brief Description 1. Importation of energy Some form of energy is imported from the environment. 2. Throughput Energy is transformed in some way within the system. 3. Output S... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273415/ | Reconsidering Leadership Development: From Programs to Developmental Systems - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.506 | 0.716 | ["philosophy"] | 496 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.391589 | [
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activities characteristic of energy exchange. 5. Negative entropy Reverse or arrest the natural tendency toward death and destruction. 6. Information input, negative feedback, and the coding process Information serves as a system input along with energy. 7. Steady state and dynamic homeostasis There is a tendency to ma... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273415/ | Reconsidering Leadership Development: From Programs to Developmental Systems - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.487 | 0.684 | ["philosophy", "communication", "war_conflict", "economy", "family"] | 465 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.393706 | [
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direction of differentiation and elaboration. 9. Integration and Coordination Processes counter differentiation to bring the system together for holistic functioning. 10. Equifinality The same final state can be reached from differing initial conditions and through various pathways. Open in a new tab Note: Adapted from... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273415/ | Reconsidering Leadership Development: From Programs to Developmental Systems - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.531 | 0.85 | ["communication", "economy", "rhetoric"] | 490 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.393788 | [
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Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Abstract Context: Public health managers' leadership skills can be improved through multirater feedback and coaching. Objective: To explore to what extent participation in a coaching intervention influences leadership behaviors of first- a... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688734/ | Changing Leadership Behaviors in a Public Health Agency Through Coaching and Multirater Feedback - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.635 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.649677 | [
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ion's (CDC's) National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) were invited to participate in the Coaching and Leadership Initiative (CaLI), which incorporates the US Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Leadership 360 assessment, 6 coaching sessions, and 2 in-depth interviews. Setting: N... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688734/ | Changing Leadership Behaviors in a Public Health Agency Through Coaching and Multirater Feedback - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.594 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "management", "interview"] | 445 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.650050 | [
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ts: Staff serving as team leads or branch chiefs. Main outcome measures: Two in-depth interviews explored CaLI's influence on leadership behaviors regarding the government-wide Leading People executive core qualification. Results: A total of 103 (93%) CaLI participants completed the OPM 360 feedback, 82 (80%) completed... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688734/ | Changing Leadership Behaviors in a Public Health Agency Through Coaching and Multirater Feedback - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.618 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "interview", "management", "resume", "governance"] | 433 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.650186 | [
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, and 46 of 71 (65%) completed phase 2 interview. Eighty unique participants completed 1 or more interviews; all indicated that CaLI helped provide new perspectives, practices, and approaches that led to better communication and relationships, different approaches to conflict resolution, and awareness of individual lea... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688734/ | Changing Leadership Behaviors in a Public Health Agency Through Coaching and Multirater Feedback - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.584 | 0.848 | ["war_conflict", "leadership", "management", "interview", "communication"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.650259 | [
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pleted conflict management and team building, and 16 (23%) completed leveraging diversity. Of the 46 participants who completed both phase 1 and phase 2 interviews and among those who made changes post-CaLI, 23 of 26 (88%) sustained those leadership changes in developing others, 21 of 27 (78%) in team building; 24 of 3... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688734/ | Changing Leadership Behaviors in a Public Health Agency Through Coaching and Multirater Feedback - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.626 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "interview", "salary"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.650313 | [
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of using multirater feedback and leadership coaching for first- and midlevel public health leaders. PubMed Disclaimer References Taylor A, Johnson RM, Burger TR, Detzler C, Valdez B. An Open Letter to Chairman Meadows and the Government Managers Coalition. Washington, DC: Government Managers Coalition; 2018. https://se... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688734/ | Changing Leadership Behaviors in a Public Health Agency Through Coaching and Multirater Feedback - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.6 | 0.666 | ["leadership", "management", "governance"] | 468 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.650376 | [
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itz L. Essentials of Leadership in Public Health. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2018. Feldman DC, Lankau MJ. Executive coaching: a review and agenda for future research. J Manage. 2005;31(6):829–848. Thach EC. The impact of executive coaching and 360 feedback on leadership effectiveness. Leadersh Organ Dev... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688734/ | Changing Leadership Behaviors in a Public Health Agency Through Coaching and Multirater Feedback - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.652 | 0.686 | ["leadership", "education"] | 503 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.650433 | [
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mbination. Hum Resour Manage. 2003;42(3):243–256. Show all 26 references MeSH terms Feedback Actions Search in PubMed Search in MeSH Add to Search Humans Actions Search in PubMed Search in MeSH Add to Search Leadership* Actions Search in PubMed Search in MeSH Add to Search Mentoring* Actions Search in PubMed Search in ... | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688734/ | Changing Leadership Behaviors in a Public Health Agency Through Coaching and Multirater Feedback - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.515 | 0.858 | ["leadership"] | 485 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.650495 | [
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Text Sources Ingenta plc Ovid Technologies, Inc. Wolters Kluwer Research Materials NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688734/ | Changing Leadership Behaviors in a Public Health Agency Through Coaching and Multirater Feedback - PubMed | pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.469 | 0.582 | [] | 125 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.650550 | [
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eas and how they dealt with their disconfirmation once the predicted end of the world did not eventuate. In particular, they captured the emotions of group members and the process through which these extreme beliefs and social bonds were actually strengthened once the prophecy had failed to materialise. These findings ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.366 | 0.832 | [] | 423 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.902299 | [
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Behav Sci (Basel) . 2024 Oct 14;14(10):946. doi: 10.3390/bs14100946 Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes James Coleman James Coleman 1 School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Un... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.624 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "education"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.902694 | [
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Mallett 1 School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; cmallett@uq.edu.au Find articles by Clifford J Mallett 1 , Niklas K Steffens Niklas K Steffens 2 School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; n.steffens@uq.edu.au (N.K.... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.548 | 0.69 | ["education"] | 483 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.902771 | [
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hool of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; n.steffens@uq.edu.au (N.K.S.); a.haslam@uq.edu.au (S.A.H.) Find articles by S Alexander Haslam 2 Editors: A Rui Gomes , Catarina Morais Author information Article notes Copyright and License information 1 School of Human Movement and Nutritio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.53 | 0.674 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 462 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.902833 | [
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hool of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; n.steffens@uq.edu.au (N.K.S.); a.haslam@uq.edu.au (S.A.H.) * Correspondence: james.coleman@uq.edu.au Roles A Rui Gomes : Academic Editor Catarina Morais : Academic Editor Received 2024 Aug 19; Revised 2024 Oct 3; Accepted 2024 Oct 7; Collecti... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.52 | 0.698 | ["innovation", "education"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.902889 | [
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he Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ). PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC11505049 PMID: 39457818 Abstract This paper outlines a novel method for leadership researchers and practitioners to understand how and why effective and ineffective leadership look different ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.636 | 0.826 | ["leadership", "innovation"] | 489 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903021 | [
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ers, followers, the group, and their environment. The social identity approach to leadership describes how a group’s identity shapes the ways in which people can lead effectively. It also implies that (in)effective leadership looks different across diverse groups and teams. Accordingly, it follows that there is no sing... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.417 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "management"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903081 | [
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roup environment, as a novel type of method for examining leadership in action. We suggest the social identity approach as a framework to help guide researchers’ data collection and sense-making of leadership behaviours. Additionally, we explain that ethnographic data can be represented well through creative non-fictio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.596 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "innovation"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903132 | [
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ams to demonstrate the complex interplay between leaders, followers, and the group context. Keywords: leadership, ethnography, leadership development, identity leadership 1. Introduction Effective leaders propel their teams towards the achievement of collective goals. Coaches, athletes, and management staff who lead ef... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.652 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "management", "motivation", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903223 | [
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nce, enjoyment, motivation, effort, and well-being [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Given the critical role of leadership in team functioning, researchers have long sought to identify effective leadership behaviours and ways to develop those behaviours in leaders. While many positive outcomes have been attributed to effective le... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.537 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "management", "decision_making", "motivation"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903278 | [
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making power exercised mainly by a leader, while in other cases, it can be democratic and revolve around group decision-making [ 7 ]. Other approaches encourage leaders to build the internal motivation of team members [ 8 ] or to transform team members’ morals and professionalism through transformational and ethical le... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.54 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "management", "ethics", "philosophy", "decision_making"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903340 | [
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fying helpful leadership behaviour for a specific group and its context. It follows too that effective leadership in high-performance environments requires leaders to be flexible in their approach to leadership. In this sense, leaders are encouraged to be like chameleons who adapt their leadership style to meet the dem... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.452 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 424 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903398 | [
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[ 11 ]. Leadership occurs in group environments. For instance, a leader is always a leader of something like an organisation, a team, or a nation. However, formal appointments of individuals to positions of power (e.g., a CEO, manager, coach, captain, parliamentarian, or head of state) do not limit the potential for ot... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.519 | 0.866 | ["leadership", "management", "governance", "philosophy"] | 493 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903454 | [
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oup’s benefit, not getting them to comply [ 12 ]. Consider a colleague or classmate who supports, challenges, and inspires their peers to produce higher quality work, a teammate who consoles a player they notice is struggling, or community members who round up friends to support neighbours as they prepare for an incomi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.433 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "management", "motivation", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 456 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903509 | [
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o are in formal leadership positions [ 12 , 13 ]. The yardstick of leadership is not a person’s title or office, but the influence they have and are seen to have by others, and those others’ perceptions of their dependability. Leadership is a complex interpersonal process influenced by social, cultural, political, and ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.618 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 483 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903562 | [
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t shapes the conditions for effective leadership. Alvesson [ 14 ] argues that leadership research has often provided simplified, universal, and idealised conclusions that overlook the context in which leadership occurs. Such an approach accepts that wherever a leader works—for example, on a construction site, in an acc... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.463 | 0.836 | ["leadership", "management", "career", "war_conflict"] | 455 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903735 | [
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e leadership qualities and behaviours will apply. It has also been observed that leadership research has typically focused on formal leaders in positions of power (e.g., a CEO, manager, captain, or coach), and has overlooked the agency of other group members as informal leaders and followers with unique values, norms, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.45 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "management", "ethics"] | 438 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903817 | [
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rs following, there is no leadership [ 15 , 16 ]. A comprehensive understanding of leadership must therefore consider the followers and the surrounding context in which leadership occurs. To understand how the context shapes leadership, research needs to be situated within the specific environment in which leadership o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.543 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "management"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.903875 | [
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ant yet underutilised means to better understand leadership. We suggest that by immersing themselves for an extended period, researchers can gain deeper insights into a group or team’s environment and dynamics. In what follows, we describe the social identity approach to leadership as a helpful framework for understand... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.496 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "management", "networking"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904089 | [
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and team environments to understand the context in which leadership occurs, and conclude by outlining how researchers might apply their findings to leadership consultancy and development programs. 2. The Social Identity Approach As noted above, leadership analyses typically emphasise the importance of the leader and th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.503 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management"] | 504 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904239 | [
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ts such as charisma and intelligence [ 17 , 18 ]. However, as Haslam and colleagues [ 12 ] highlight, the meaning of these leadership qualities varies according to the context and perceptions of the followers. For example, a highly successful football coach might be seen as intelligent and charismatic within a football... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.631 | 0.874 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904304 | [
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intelligence are attributed to leaders by followers on the basis of perceived shared group identity [ 12 , 19 ]. In a football team, the team is more likely to perceive the successful football coach as intelligent and charismatic because of a shared ‘footballer’ identity that values football knowledge. But in a chess t... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.515 | 0.882 | ["management", "leadership", "ethics", "education"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904363 | [
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the players are less likely to come to see that leader as intelligent or special in some other way. The point here is that leadership always inheres in a particular group (e.g., a club, a sport, a profession), and it is this group context that structures the relationships between leaders and followers [ 12 ]. Therefore... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.533 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "networking", "career"] | 472 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904532 | [
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re and the context in which they find themselves. The social identity approach to leadership provides an avenue for understanding the leader–follower relationship by starting with the assertion that people see themselves not only as unique individuals (as ‘I’ and ‘you’ in terms of personal identity) but also as group m... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.602 | 0.872 | ["leadership", "networking", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904624 | [
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ate their efforts and work together towards their group’s goals [ 20 , 21 ]. To provide a very basic example, in a football game, distinguishing between ‘us’ and ‘them’ is crucial to knowing who to pass the ball to and who to tackle [ 12 ]. This shared sense of social identity makes the football game work. Indeed, with... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.368 | 0.852 | ["war_conflict"] | 420 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904687 | [
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more like a flock of seagulls chasing hot chips. A shared social identity is established not only on the basis of the characteristics that group members have in common but also with reference to the unique qualities that distinguish one group from other similar groups. In short, it is about what makes ‘us’ special. For... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.852 | ["innovation"] | 483 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904746 | [
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iews themselves as ‘methodical’ and ‘structured’. For the employees in the first team, working in a creative and playful way can establish and strengthen a shared social identity. Whereas, if this team were managed to function like the second organisation, those employees might feel misunderstood and coerced into confo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.444 | 0.864 | ["management", "innovation", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904850 | [
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