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abric of group members’ sense of self, they come to realise that their goals and aspirations are shared—that ‘we’ are in this together. They understand that working together is essential for success. And this shared sense of ‘us’ is then the basis for cooperation and trust within the group [ 12 , 22 ]. Effective leader... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.888 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.904920 | [
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ideal qualities and who is believed to have the group’s best interests at heart. On the other hand, regardless of a leader’s actions, people are unlikely to follow a leader who is perceived to be one of ‘them’ or to be placing their own self-interest above the group’s interests [ 23 ]. This leader–follower relationship... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.442 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905044 | [
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ineffective without understanding how a particular group of followers perceive their leader? Effective leadership also involves creating and cultivating a sense of ‘us’ among the group that is being led. This requires leaders to reflect on the content of a group’s identity, such as its shared values, norms, goals, and ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.484 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "ethics"] | 461 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905112 | [
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ition to enact and represent what ‘we’ are about. Finally, leaders also need to realise the group’s shared goals and ambitions by bringing these qualities to life in a way that directs the group towards their shared goals. Hence, the essence of effective leadership is embedded and inseparable from the group itself [ 12... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.473 | 0.868 | ["leadership", "management", "war_conflict", "economy", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905169 | [
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qualities and work more effectively as a team [ 24 , 25 ]. However, to enhance their usefulness and minimise the chances of potential backlash, it is important to understand the contextual nuances that influence leadership behaviours. For example, meta-analytic data support the use of on-site (rather than off-site) lea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.524 | 0.856 | ["leadership", "management"] | 505 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905225 | [
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nd needs of group members and their organisation. More impactful leadership development is tailored to the context and needs of the group [ 26 ]. The social identity approach provides a framework for leaders and researchers to understand how relevant contextual factors such as group identities influence leadership. Lea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.846 | ["leadership"] | 486 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905278 | [
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egies and enact behaviours tailored to the group. These behaviours and strategies are most effective when a leader who enacts these behaviours is perceived by their followers as one of ‘us’ and to be doing it for ‘us’. In isolation, examining a leader and their behaviour provides just one piece of the puzzle. For a mor... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.439 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 435 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905329 | [
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ship between leaders, followers, and the context. There is of course a wide range of other leadership approaches that are pursued across diverse settings, including those of sport and exercise, education and learning, and business and the workplace. However, as intimated above, many of these other approaches focus prim... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.512 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "education"] | 480 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905382 | [
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up, and the context influences leadership [ 14 ]. Researchers and practitioners who consider the unique qualities of the group and the context in which leadership occurs can obtain a rich understanding of leadership. Unlike other leadership frameworks, the social identity approach to leadership provides an avenue for u... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.432 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905436 | [
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development of the types of questions that provide insight into a group’s context. For example, what are the group’s current challenges and goals? What values and norms do the group’s identity consist of? How does the leader bring these values to life? And how do the followers perceive their leader(s)? As things stand,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.405 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "ethics", "crisis"] | 468 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905489 | [
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ship within the specific context where it occurs. So, by addressing this gap, they will be better placed to provide leaders with an understanding of the process through which leadership occurs. In this endeavour, we suggest that ethnographic methods—where researchers immerse themselves in leadership environments for an... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.6 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "communication"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905567 | [
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archers immersing themselves in a particular group or culture to generate theory and knowledge through direct experience over time [ 27 , 28 ]. An ethnographic approach allows those researchers to gain firsthand experience through direct and sustained social contact with those in the group [ 29 ]. Not least, this is be... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.405 | 0.848 | ["education"] | 489 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905621 | [
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d different interactions, behaviours, and events. Ethnographers often adopt a constructivist approach to research, which assumes that reality is socially constructed and differs between groups. A constructivist perspective is helpful for understanding leadership, as it acknowledges that there is no universal truth abou... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.6 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "education", "philosophy"] | 480 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905674 | [
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leadership will differ across people and groups. Researchers who immerse themselves in the groups they examine can observe how the group is able to shape group members’ reality [ 27 ]. As described by the social identity approach, how we view ourselves and the values, beliefs, goals, and norms that we adopt are shaped ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.483 | 0.876 | ["leadership", "management", "ethics"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905727 | [
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layfulness, and teamwork, whereas that same player in a state representative side may adopt group values of individual success and discipline in the hope of being noticed by professional team scouts. So, in their local club, that player will likely be motivated to joke around with their teammates, whereas in their stat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.481 | 0.828 | ["management", "motivation", "ethics", "career"] | 412 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905785 | [
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motivated to showcase high-level physical skills. In this way, the player’s values and behaviour are shaped by the different socio-cultural forces around them. Researchers can better understand a group’s particular socio-cultural forces by immersing themselves in a group environment for a prolonged period. Ethnographic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.559 | 0.834 | ["motivation", "ethics"] | 476 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905838 | [
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al insights that would otherwise be unattainable. An example is Lewin and colleagues’ [ 30 ] classic social psychology study that examined how different leadership styles affect group dynamics among children. The researchers set up three different groups, each with either a democratic, autocratic, or laissez-faire lead... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.594 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "family", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905891 | [
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ostile, and uncooperative, and would only work when the leader was present. In the democratic group, children were more cooperative and took the initiative in tasks such as cleaning up and working even when the leader was absent. In the laissez-faire group, the children were uncooperative, tended to focus on their indi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.403 | 0.864 | ["leadership", "family"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905943 | [
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hat are only accessible by directly observing a group. However, researchers do not need to manipulate that environment in order to do this. This is shown by another classic study in which Festinger and colleagues [ 31 ] embedded themselves in a religious cult whose leader, Mrs Keech, predicted an imminent apocalypse th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.402 | 0.87 | ["leadership", "education"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.905994 | [
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and social dynamics in a unique and powerful way. Unfortunately, though, these types of immersive projects have largely disappeared from contemporary science—including the leadership literature—as researchers have come to prioritise what are seen as more generalisable quantitative methods. Yet as Alvesson [ 14 ] argues... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.52 | 0.844 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906057 | [
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ments like Mrs Keech’s cult where it really occurs. There are nevertheless some notable exceptions that have used ethnographic methods to study leadership more recently. Over three years, Smith and colleagues [ 32 ] immersed themselves in an inter-organisational research and development team. They observed that an indi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.495 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "management", "education"] | 477 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906110 | [
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than their role or title within the organisation. Accordingly, it was often the informal leaders, not the formal leaders, who influenced their team. However, an employee’s capacity to influence their team was quickly undermined if they put their personal interests above the group’s interests. For example, group members... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.476 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906161 | [
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d to and followed the directions of this colleague. However, at a later point in time, this same colleague was perceived to prioritise the completion of their PhD thesis above the group’s projects, and so they gradually lost influence among the group. By immersing themselves in this organisation, the researchers could ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.41 | 0.852 | ["leadership", "management"] | 482 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906208 | [
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s of executives and managers in company meetings. The research shows how ethnographic methods can provide the contextual depth necessary to better understand leadership and offers a valuable approach for future leadership research and practice. Alvesson and Jonsson [ 33 ] took a case study approach to examine a middle ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.434 | 0.848 | ["leadership", "management", "interview", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906280 | [
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e that how managers described their leadership often differed from how they actually practised leadership. For example, a manager said that they strived to lead like a coach by listening to their employees and providing further questions to support employees’ problem-solving, instead of providing direct answers that di... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.569 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "management"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906335 | [
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ssive during meetings, offered little support, and was sometimes critical and controlling of their employees. This is a good example of how observational data can provide unique insights that would not have otherwise been captured. In a sporting context, Lara-Bercial and McKenna [ 34 ] used ethnographic methods to exam... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.404 | 0.85 | ["networking"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906390 | [
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s, daily routines, and club culture, influenced player development in different ways. In particular, the researchers highlighted the fact that the club context was constantly changing so that each young player experienced the club environment differently. For example, on one day, a young player might feel connected and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.566 | 0.842 | ["management", "motivation"] | 482 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906441 | [
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omfortable and disconnected from their teammates. If the researchers had not been immersed in this team environment, it is unlikely that they would have noticed the ebbs and flows of the young player’s day-to-day experiences. In another ethnographic study, Rothwell and colleagues [ 34 ] observed how a culture of mascul... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.596 | 0.842 | ["management", "education"] | 487 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906489 | [
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aped players’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. The researchers noticed that these coaching styles were deeply embedded in the culture, which limited player autonomy and creativity. However, because researchers immersed themselves in the environment, they observed that often before official training began, players in... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.57 | 0.822 | ["innovation"] | 446 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906559 | [
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ity and openness, unlike their official training. It was the context of the coaches being present or not that limited the players’ freedom to be creative and open to new ideas. In all of these examples, because the researchers immersed themselves in group environments, they noticed how peoples’ behaviour was shaped by ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.486 | 0.864 | ["management", "innovation", "social_justice"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906614 | [
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researchers who observed and/or surveyed the team members at one or two timepoints, then it is unlikely they would have appreciated the detailed behavioural changes and salient contextual factors (e.g., team conflicts, manager behaviour, and coach presence) that contributed to those behavioural changes. In these cases,... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.569 | 0.852 | ["management", "war_conflict"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906664 | [
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d contextual data beyond the scope of surveys and one-shot interviews. 3.1. The Role of the Ethnographer Immersion in the field can vary from the researcher being a full participant to being an observer, or somewhere in between [ 35 ]. Ethnography can be theory-driven yet dynamic and adaptable, responding to environmen... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.32 | 0.85 | ["interview"] | 487 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906712 | [
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ir methods to the specific situation and context. In some cases, the researcher may be an outsider with minimal or no prior experience within the group or culture. Alternatively, the researcher could be an insider and a pre-existing member of the group or culture. For example, a professional boxer could examine the box... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.442 | 0.87 | ["career"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906762 | [
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membership to gain an inside perspective on the experience of health professionals in a sporting environment. A researcher’s involvement can range along a continuum from observer to participant [ 35 ]. As an observer, the researcher stands back and observes the group in action. As a participant, the researcher engages ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.383 | 0.842 | ["career"] | 444 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906812 | [
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te in some of the training drills with the group. This type of involvement can be flexible, and researchers can adapt their approach depending on what seems most appropriate. Indeed, as researchers spend more time in the field, they often transition from being outsiders to insiders and come to feel more comfortable act... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.86 | ["networking"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906865 | [
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ve and experience interactions that might go unnoticed when observing from a distance (e.g., making sense of brief comments and interactions among players during training drills). By participating in group activities, researchers can also assist the group (e.g., helping out during specific training drills) in ways that... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.57 | 0.824 | [] | 417 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906907 | [
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and strengthen their rapport with group members. This speaks to the fact that the relationship between the researcher and the group should be reciprocal and mutually beneficial to both parties. 3.2. Methodological Considerations Researchers should clearly define their study focus by deciding in advance on the theoretic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.399 | 0.85 | ["networking", "education"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.906958 | [
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g it easier to distinguish relevant from irrelevant information. Ethnographers often use multiple data collection methods in the field, interconnected with their participant observation. Initially, these observations may be broad, before gradually narrowing down to focus on specific aspects of group life. For example, ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.338 | 0.838 | ["philosophy"] | 488 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.907022 | [
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d subsequently focus on discerning these changes. Extended observation allows researchers to experience the ebbs and flows of a season first-hand (often influenced by performance outcomes such as victory and defeat). Researchers may also engage in informal conversations and interviews with group members. In leadership ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.423 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "war_conflict", "interview"] | 465 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.907075 | [
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roup experiences different leadership behaviours. For instance, a researcher might ask, “What did you think of that?”, prompting the respondent to describe their experience. The researcher can then probe further and clarify specific details. Over time, as the researcher becomes more embedded within the group and develo... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.448 | 0.828 | ["leadership"] | 460 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.907371 | [
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en discussions about their interests or concerns. Interviews, whether structured or semi-structured, are another valuable data collection method. These interviews can help gather in-depth information about the significance of particular events within the group. By being immersed in an environment, researchers can obser... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.523 | 0.84 | ["interview", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.907494 | [
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ers can ascertain and understand the cultural language that is being used (e.g., the significance of particular personal references or in-jokes). This language can help them connect with interviewees and conduct more insightful interviews. The flexibility of semi-structured interviews also allows the researcher to ask ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.325 | 0.846 | ["interview", "communication", "rhetoric"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.907556 | [
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searcher’s observations and lived experience [ 40 ]. The combination of observation and interview data can be particularly beneficial for understanding group members’ perspectives after the researcher has observed specific leadership interactions. Kelly [ 41 ] suggests that when researchers observe leadership behaviour... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.437 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "interview", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.907644 | [
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more subtle actions (e.g., informal conversations, words of encouragement, and expressions of care). The social identity approach recognises these subtle actions as an important aspect of the leadership process. For example, even though it may not be as widely heralded as giving an inspiring speech, expressing care and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.472 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "rhetoric"] | 439 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.907752 | [
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ersonal life can be a powerful act of leadership. By expressing care and assisting that group member, a leader could strengthen a shared social identity by demonstrating that they are concerned with a person’s membership in the group and that they are in this together. These more subtle leadership behaviours can help l... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.449 | 0.86 | ["leadership"] | 483 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.912502 | [
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eive them as one of ‘us’ who is leading for ‘us’. Researchers and practitioners who adopt ethnographic methods are much more likely to have access to these more subtle leadership acts from both informal and formal leaders. 3.3. Challenges of Ethnography Ethnography is inherently complex, as the ethnographer’s presence ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "crisis", "networking"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.912661 | [
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archer understands and describes the culture [ 42 ]. The researcher cannot remain neutral in the process of explaining and representing cultural and social life or detach themselves from analysis and representation; instead, researchers are always implicated in the ways that their cultural understandings are portrayed ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.402 | 0.834 | ["communication"] | 445 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.912749 | [
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dable reality of the ethnographic process [ 42 ]. However, there are moments when ethnographers can leverage their subjectivity to interpret the culture more deeply [ 44 ]. Ethnography involves more than merely participating and observing; it requires the ethnographer to immerse themselves in the lived experience of th... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.339 | 0.856 | ["llm"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.912805 | [
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er an extended period is a hallmark of ethnographic research. To address the subjective biases inherent in ethnography, researchers are encouraged to engage in reflexive practices. Despite the recognised importance of reflexivity in qualitative research, there is a lack of empirical and theoretical work clearly outlini... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.331 | 0.83 | ["communication", "llm"] | 443 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.912864 | [
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ted with the term reflexivity itself [ 45 , 46 ]. Nevertheless, reflexivity demands that researchers critically examine their own positioning within the field, considering how their pre-existing experiences, current situation, and research practices influence their analysis [ 47 ]. A detailed discussion of reflexive pr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.372 | 0.854 | [] | 497 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.912917 | [
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Cushion [ 48 ]; Wetherell and colleagues [ 49 ]). Ultimately, though, reflexivity is a process that requires researchers to take time to view and consider the ways in which their own perspectives and identities shape their understanding and representation of the cultures that they study. 3.4. Presenting Ethnographic Re... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.359 | 0.846 | ["communication", "education"] | 476 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.912972 | [
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he researchers’ observations and analysis [ 50 ]. The narrative is built on a main idea that often includes several analytic themes explored throughout the narrative and later discussed in the study [ 51 ]. As part of this process, Wolcott [ 52 ] suggests that ethnographers should begin with a description of the cultur... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.336 | 0.866 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913021 | [
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oader analytic framework, and connecting them with the personal experiences of both the researchers and the groups under investigation. Creswell and Poth [ 51 ] recommend that findings be both discussed on the basis of the researcher’s personal experiences and connected to broader scholarly research on that topic. To p... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.37 | 0.842 | [] | 466 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913067 | [
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ases, and vignettes to illustrate the key themes. Here, ethnographers create scenes that engage the readers’ minds in a way that positions them in the characters’ shoes to experience what it might feel like to be part of that group [ 53 ]. All in all, ethnographers “tell a good story” [ 54 ]. Specific to leadership res... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.453 | 0.848 | ["leadership"] | 439 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913119 | [
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leadership that illustrate leadership in context. These stories are a way of showing readers what effective and ineffective leadership look and feel like rather than simply listing what effective leadership is. So, by telling a leadership story, readers are immersed in a world where they see and feel how leadership occ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.445 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "innovation"] | 441 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913174 | [
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ies to illustrate their research findings [ 55 ]. Creative non-fiction in academia gained traction as scholars questioned the prevailing norms in human sciences, particularly in regard to the ways social reality is described and how participants’ lived experiences might be captured effectively [ 53 , 56 ]. This shift i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.408 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "communication", "innovation"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913234 | [
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on giving voice to participants and describing the context in which they think, feel, and act [ 57 ]. In this regard, writing in the social sciences has been criticised as ‘unpopulated’, such that research omits the reality of the subjects the research was about. Instead, researchers write about ‘fictional things’, whi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.504 | 0.87 | ["innovation"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913286 | [
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k to subjects by describing their story and fleshing out the context in which they find themselves. The approach that is required to produce creative non-fiction stories fits well with the process of ethnography. For instance, Gutkind [ 59 ] explains that creative non-fiction stories require writing to have real-life i... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.387 | 0.832 | ["innovation"] | 442 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913349 | [
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key aspects for completing ethnographic research. In the field of sport and exercise, Sparkes [ 56 , 60 ] was a pioneer of this method as a way of challenging traditional modes of research representation. He emphasised the need for different writing styles and a broader representation of participant voices. More recent... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.531 | 0.844 | ["communication", "innovation", "resume"] | 445 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913405 | [
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as been expanding, as noted by Cavellerio [ 53 ]. However, our own experience suggests that researchers are often hesitant and uncomfortable exploring new boundaries and expanding beyond orthodox methods when it comes to communicating their research. Despite this discomfort, we encourage researchers to challenge themse... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.357 | 0.822 | ["crisis", "innovation"] | 425 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913471 | [
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lling animals, naturally drawn to stories [ 61 ]. By bringing research to life through stories, researchers can provide the reader with a rich contextual background of the key themes being explored. Furthermore, stories provide a way of sharing research findings in a language that reaches beyond the academic community ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.54 | 0.858 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913519 | [
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ing to leaders and followers themselves, not just fellow academics [ 53 ]. 4. Integrating Ethnographic Findings into Leadership Development Programs In choosing to undertake an ethnographic study, researchers are fully aware that their findings are not generalisable to other contexts. Generalising findings to other set... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.591 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "war_conflict", "education"] | 493 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913574 | [
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specificity to a particular group and/or culture. This is both its strength and limitation. For while the inability to generalise findings can be seen to limit the applicability of conclusions, the payoff is a comprehensive understanding of a specific context. Moreover, as the quality and quantity of ethnographic case ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.413 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "salary"] | 486 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913624 | [
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different leadership styles in various contexts. One promising use of leadership case studies in leadership development is to stimulate discussion and problem-solving among leaders. For instance, it is possible to consider incorporating creative non-fiction stories into leadership development programs. Leaders could be... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.468 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "crisis", "innovation"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913689 | [
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dership observed in the story, along with their recommendations. This type of problem-solving engages leaders in higher-order thinking, enhancing their learning experience and perhaps subsequently affirming and/or re-shaping their thinking and behaviour. Furthermore, if conducted within a particular group, this activit... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.62 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "crisis", "education"] | 500 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913759 | [
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where their fellow group members are coming from. In the context of leadership development, the primary aim of ethnographic research is to support and challenge pre-existing research and leadership development programs, by providing detailed and rich accounts of how certain leadership behaviours can be effective and in... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.624 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "crisis"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913810 | [
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s settings, leadership educators can provide examples of various leadership behaviours in different contexts. These can demonstrate how and why the effectiveness of different leader behaviours varies across these contexts. In this way, these programs can help leaders to discern which leadership behaviours and processes... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.619 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913862 | [
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standing of the forms that effective leadership can take. As suggested above, by engaging leaders in discussions with these case studies, leadership educators can go beyond describing the ‘what’ of leadership, to explaining the ‘how and “why’ of leadership. In these various ways, an ethnographic approach has the capaci... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.624 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 477 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913911 | [
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and leadership consultants working in the field. By immersing themselves in group environments with the specific aim of observing leadership behaviour, practitioners can conduct an audit of how leadership is enacted within a particular group and identify the group’s specific needs. These leadership insights can then pr... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.629 | 0.838 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 456 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.913967 | [
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ractices and embed these more widely in the team. Throughout this immersive process, practitioners could engage in an iterative cycle of information exchange with formal leaders, continually sharing their insights to collaboratively shape their understanding of leadership in this group. And in doing this, an ethnograph... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.622 | 0.824 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "management", "economy"] | 431 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914019 | [
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ys grounded in the specific context of the group. A thorough understanding of the team’s context can also help researchers and practitioners to provide tailored recommendations for a given group. As part of a group’s leadership development and education, practitioners could share their leadership observations with the ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.622 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "management", "education", "philosophy"] | 424 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914069 | [
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th more inclusive and shared forms of leadership. By highlighting the influence of informal leaders, practitioners can reinforce and encourage further leadership throughout the group. This feedback to informal leaders may reveal an unrealised understanding that informal leaders exhibit leadership qualities and behaviou... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.612 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914119 | [
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ositions of power, and instead encourage the idea that all group members have the potential and agency to lead and influence others within the group. In sum, by shedding light on group members’ lived experiences, practitioners and leadership consultants who adopt an ethnographic approach can help groups and formal lead... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.62 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 425 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914167 | [
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by followers, the group, and the broader context. By embedding themselves within a group and sharing these leadership insights, researchers and practitioners can guide the group with a tailored roadmap for improving their leadership. 5. Conclusions The present paper encourages researchers and practitioners to adopt met... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.638 | 0.828 | ["leadership"] | 457 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914271 | [
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er understand leadership and associated outcomes. Researchers who use ethnographic methods can capture some of the complexity, dynamism, and fluidity of leadership in action. In line with these suggestions, Figure 1 outlines a process that researchers and practitioners can follow when using ethnographic methods to exam... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.408 | 0.844 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914332 | [
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he strengths and limitations of ethnographic methods and how they could best support their leadership research. Next, they should consider an appropriate setting for their research and reflect on how they might engage that group. Here, once a researcher is engaged with a group, they could follow a continuous cycle whil... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.486 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "management"] | 490 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914383 | [
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ed) to adapt this in the course of the immersion. For example, a researcher might initially take a more passive role as they observe the group dynamics. Then, as they gradually build rapport with the group, they might take on more active roles and participate in team activities. Participating in group activities also a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.42 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "management"] | 503 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914435 | [
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nd transparent about their role and observations. Doing so can help them build trust among the group. While sharing insights with group members, researchers can initiate discussions with group members that provide insights and suggestions for the researcher’s interpretations. The researcher can also engage in an iterat... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.416 | 0.846 | ["philosophy", "leadership"] | 479 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914486 | [
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er and the researcher can make sense of the data. Indeed, by involving formal leaders in the data collection and analysis process, researchers are giving back to the group, building rapport, and collecting insightful data. Feedback can also be an ongoing process where researchers provide progress reports to the group o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.565 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 472 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914543 | [
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demonstrate transparency in the research process. Throughout this entire process, the researcher should also consider how they can work with and within the group in an unobstructive and unobtrusive way. There is no one way to do this, and to a large extent, this requires social skill on the part of the researcher to di... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.402 | 0.844 | [] | 428 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914594 | [
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search process and their membership in the group. At the conclusion of the project, researchers can share a final report with the group or its formal leader(s) and discuss their conclusions. Doing so ensures that the group and the researcher benefit from the research, and allows the researcher to clarify their interpre... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.446 | 0.868 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914646 | [
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nsider what forms would be most beneficial and consult the formal leader(s) about the possibility and utility of sharing these insights with the broader group. In sum, by embedding themselves within groups, ethnographers can create meaningful stories and narratives that illustrate how leadership outcomes are shaped by ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.621 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914699 | [
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ractices by providing context-specific examples of leadership in action. By including these examples in leadership development practices, leaders can observe how leadership effectiveness is intertwined with their relationship to followers and the context. Furthermore, these leadership narratives have the capacity to en... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.461 | 0.844 | ["leadership", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914767 | [
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leadership approach to meet the demands of the context. Through this approach, leadership development can incorporate an interactive and reflective process that prepares leaders to navigate the complexities of their environment and that helps them and those who support them to create more leaderful teams. Author Contri... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.637 | 0.664 | ["leadership", "management"] | 413 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914815 | [
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.S. and S.A.H.; Methodology, J.C., C.J.M., N.K.S. and S.A.H.; Writing—original draft preparation, J.C.; Writing—review and editing, J.C., C.J.M., N.K.S. and S.A.H.; Supervision, C.J.M., N.K.S. and S.A.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Institutional Review Board Statement No... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.521 | 0.68 | ["war_conflict", "strategy", "philosophy"] | 488 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.914883 | [
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est The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Funding Statement This research received no external funding. Footnotes Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDP... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11505049/ | Understanding Leadership from the Inside: Using Ethnographic Methods to Examine How the Interplay between Leaders, Followers, and Group Context Shapes Leadership Outcomes - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.481 | 0.844 | ["war_conflict"] | 505 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:16.915025 | [
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ealth, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Find articles by Eduardo Mendonça Scheeren 2 , Gislaine Cristina Vagetti Gislaine Cristina Vagetti 1 Graduate Program in Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Find articles by Gislaine Cristina Vagetti 1 , Valdomiro de Oliveira Va... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.524 | 0.694 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.157472 | [
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Author information Article notes Copyright and License information 1 Graduate Program in Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil 2 Graduate Program in Technology in Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil ✉ Graduate Program in Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.534 | 0.694 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.157748 | [
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nitiated in schools and respected the following order: (a) one week before the collection, the researchers went to the schools and explained the objectives of the study to coaches and athletes; (b) the athletes (if <18 years) were given a free and informed consent form to be signed by parents or guardians; (c) the free... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.552 | 0.726 | ["philosophy", "education"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.157844 | [
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ng 3.14 ± 0.76 Initiative 3.43 ± 0.74 Coaches’ Perception Training and instruction 4.35 ± 0.40 Democratic behaviour 3.24 ± 0.53 Autocratic behaviour 2.43 ± 0.61 Social support 3.67 ± 0.57 Positive feedback 4.52 ± 0.45 Athletes’ Perception Training and instruction 3.91 ± 0.79 Democratic behaviour 3.04 ± 0.78 Autocratic ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.494 | 0.722 | [] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.157939 | [
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J Sports Sci Med . 2021 Mar 1;20(1):9–16. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2021.9 Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports Luis Rogério de Albuquerque Luis Rogério de Albuquerque 1 Graduate Program in Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.633 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management", "education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.158061 | [
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notice PMCID: PMC7919346 PMID: 33707981 Abstract In a time of instability caused by adolescence, sport may represent a resource to prevent future individual and social problems. Within the complex relationships developed in social sports contexts, the figure of the coach can be fundamental for the development of a bene... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.64 | 0.854 | ["leadership", "networking"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.158139 | [
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he coach and outcomes on the perception of positive development of young people participating in an after school sports program. In total participated, 910 adolescents (14.0 ± 1.8 years) and 57 coaches (45.57 ± 7.25 years) in 37 public schools in the city of Curitiba, in the state of Paraná-Brazil. Ordinal logistic reg... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.605 | 0.86 | ["education"] | 512 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.158215 | [
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ches, and perception of the athletes with the tertiles of the scores of each developmental characteristic of the young athletes (personal and social skills, cognitive skills, goal setting, and initiative). Odds ratios (OR) were obtained with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), adopting p < 0.05. The small sized games me... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.467 | 0.85 | ["leadership"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.158282 | [
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the leadership profile of coaches with: personal and social skills (instructor, democratic behaviour, social support, and positive feedback), cognitive skills (instructor, democratic behaviour, and social support), goal setting (instructor, social support, and positive feedback), and initiative (instructor and positive... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.658 | 0.822 | ["leadership"] | 481 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.158347 | [
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with personal and social skills and goal setting. For the evaluated program, the results suggest the choice, on the part of the coaches, of small sized games, combined with a democratic, affective, motivating leadership profile that provides instructions on technical skills and game strategies. The combination of the d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.632 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "management", "decision_making"] | 446 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.158423 | [
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of young people through team sports. Key points. The majority of coaches in the program prioritize the analytical method in their training. Contradictorily, the results show the strength of small sized games The way athletes perceive their coaches as leaders has greater strength than the coach’s self-perception as a le... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.669 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management"] | 511 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.158493 | [
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te significant rates of positive development in all dimensions tested. Key words: Teaching methods, leadership, positive youth development, team sports Introduction In the last decade, research on psychosocial factors related to youth participation in sporting contexts has intensified and become more skilled (Vella et ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7919346/ | Influence of the Coach’s Method and Leadership Profile on the Positive Development of Young Players in Team Sports - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | public_domain | false | 0.595 | 0.83 | ["leadership", "management"] | 455 | Leader as Coach Developing Others | topic | 2026-03-27T02:00:17.158568 | [
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