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hese networks (Hull, Lipford, and Latulipe 2010). Helen Nissenbaum isolates three privacy issues surrounding social network sites. First, people use social media to disseminate information about themselves, such as writing intimate blog entries or posting pictures online, with potentially negative effects, including li...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
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actions like tagging faces in a photograph or @replying on Twitter. Third, social network site owners aggregate and distribute information that users provide to the site (2010: 59-64). Social surveillance intrinsically involves the first two issues. While both surveillance and sousveillance are good starting points wit...
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ich people of relatively equal power are watching each other and acting on the information they find. While this behavior has existed throughout history (Locke 2010), social media differs significantly from pre-digital interpersonal and mediated communication. Digital information is replicable, persistent, searchable, ...
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00 million users, is ubiquitous (Facebook 2011b). Moreover, social media sites are commercial and incorporate capitalist logics, such as self-promotion and celebrity (Marwick 2010). As a result, social media users engage in self-conscious identity construction to manage impressions, taking the real and potential audien...
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n and Lincoln 2008; Liu 2007; Papacharissi 2002). The implications of enormous databases of consensually-provided information like Facebook and Twitter with their correspondingly large potential audiences are significant, and still developing. Several scholars have linked surveillance to social media (Albrechtslund 200...
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elatively early study of "lateral surveillance," though focused primarily on other methods by which individuals could "spy" on their peers such as people search tools, identified Friendster as a tool for investigating potential dates (2005). Albrechtslund, while concurring with Andrejevic overall, argued that this surv...
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also been investigated by quantitative scholars. In a study of more than two thousand undergraduates, Lampe et al. identified social searching as a primary use of Facebook: using the site to learn more about friends, acquaintances, and classmates, distinct from social browsing in which the site is used to meet new peop...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
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egorized "keeping in touch" as a major reason for using the site. Joinson concurred with Lampe et al.'s distinction between searching and browsing, and further argued that this category included a sizable amount of surveillance-related activities, or "virtual people watching" (Joinson 2008). A recent study by Tokunaga ...
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not watch back, such as marketers or data-miners. Although sharing information with others through social media is often framed as a form of exhibitionism, in reality, it is often motivated by trust and intimacy. Studies show that electronic communication is primarily used to reinforce pre-existing relationships, espec...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
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d the "horizontal" nature of social surveillance. "Vertical," traditional surveillance demonstrates asymmetrical surveillance, presence of a strong hierarchical power structure, and the "potential for regulatory oversight," and has different reasons for gathering information (706). The rest of the study is focused prim...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
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to feelings of jealousy and create a "feedback loop," increasing time on Facebook. Social surveillance clearly differs from traditional surveillance, to the point where some might question whether it is surveillance at all. Returning to Lyon's definition, social surveillance certainly involves "the focused, systematic ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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control, or influence a particular population, social surveillance leads to self-management and direction on the part of social media users. The internalization of the surveilled gaze-behavior modification as the result of being watched-can best be understood through the lens of surveillance studies. This paper fleshes...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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us either on the theoretical or the quantitative. This study explains the concept of social surveillance in greater theoretical depth and uses qualitative data to examine the practice and effects of individuals surveying each other using social media sites. In this article, I answer Lyon's call to "show the connection ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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ord, detail, track and classify them" (2007: 46). The next part of this article examines the theory of social surveillance in depth, particularly along axes of power and participation. In the final section, I draw from ethnographic work and examples of popular discourse to show how social surveillance is carried out in...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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ethnographic studies of technosocial practices within the United States: an ethnography of workers at San Francisco Web 2.0 companies that took place from 2007-2009, and a study of privacy and teenagers conducted in 2010 in three different metropolitan areas in the Southeast United States, for a total of 106 in-depth i...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
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ies like Facebook and Twitter into everyday life. The quotes used in this paper are representative of attitudes and practices among group members; in highly technologically-mediated social lives, using social media to investigate others, and monitoring one's digital impression, is widespread. Note that because privacy ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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s paper apply to users outside the United States. The goal of this paper is to theorize a new type of surveillance that is increasingly common in contexts where social media plays a significant role in relationships and interaction. Part II: Theories Social Surveillance Social surveillance is the ongoing eavesdropping,...
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e social digitization normalized by social media. It encompasses using social media sites to broadcast information, survey content created by others, and regulating one's own content based on perceptions of the audience. It can exist either within a particular social media site (e.g. Facebook) or across a variety of si...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
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teristics: * Power: Social surveillance assumes a model of power flowing through all social relationships. * Hierarchy: Social surveillance takes place between individuals, rather than between structural entities and individuals. * Reciprocity: People who engage in social surveillance also produce online content that i...
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ent or corporation acts on a less-powerful actor. This hierarchical model of power is modeled after the right of the sovereign to impose his will onto his subjects, specifically the right to live or die (Foucault 1990; Gerrie 2007). In this concept, power is something possessed by an authority that is "exerted over thi...
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ecentralized and present in all human relationships. He theorized "capillaries of power" that flow between networks and individuals. In this model, power is ever-present, fluid, and at work in the mundane day-to-day activities that make up human life (Foucault 1977; Foucault 1982). For example, gender norms are determi...
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The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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s reinforced, policed, or resisted (Butler 1990). In this model, the individual is part of a push-pull interaction in which power is negotiated. In traditional models of surveillance, power flows from the surveyors (government or corporate actors) to the surveyed. For instance, David Lyon writes: Whatever the purpose o...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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irect, some kind of power relations are involved. Those who establish surveillance systems generally have access to the means of including the surveilled in their line of vision, whether that vision is literal or metaphorical. It is they who keep the records, hold the tapes, maintain the databases, have the software to...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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ome rural school board with cameras in buses, power is generated and expressed by surveillance (2007: 23). Clearly this concept does not wholly capture the dynamic in situations where individuals both have access to the same tools and are able to mutually watch each other, as in two "friends" on Facebook or Foursquare....
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.021566
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which "the many watch the many"(Jurgenson 2011). In social surveillance, social media sites are a type of capillary through which power flows not only from the site to users, but between users and across networks. Thus, while both forms of surveillance are intrinsically dependent on power relations, social surveillance...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.024488
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ignificant power imbalance between the group gathering information and the group being watched. Typically, the group gathering information has structural or systemic power (boyd 2011). This notion of extreme asymmetry does not capture the case of social surveillance, which is typically between peers of similar social s...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.024676
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power is constantly in flux between individuals. For instance, while we may idealize romantic relationships as egalitarian partnerships, at any one time one member of a couple may be wealthier, better looking, more or less jealous, in a bad mood, or far away-which can all affect the balance of power within a relationsh...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.025646
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individual, they are no less significant to the individual. Indeed, individuals may care more about their relationships with romantic partners, family members, and close friends than they do about a nebulous corporate entity collecting personal information. Moreover, the use of the term "friends" to define connections ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.026214
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ee, teacher/student, or parent/child (boyd 2006). While traditional models of surveillance include individuals surveilled by hegemonic power structures or individuals surveilling structural entities in order to resist hegemonic power, social surveillance conceptualizes both sets of actors as individuals. This echoes th...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.026304
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forms of surveillance that utilize social media. For instance, a Farmville-like game launched by a corporation in order to systemically gather information about people who play it does not constitute social surveillance, although the data-gathering takes place within Facebook. Rather, it falls into the category of "dat...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.026376
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user to investigate a drug deal does not constitute social surveillance, as the agent represents the state: the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Social surveillance thus recognizes models of hierarchy that incorporate very real power differentials that exist beyond state/subject or corporation/consumer, based on social...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.026425
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sarily "equal" although they do not represent structural entities. Moreover, there are moments of slippage where a person's social role-as a parent, employee, or romantic partner- comes into unanticipated play. For instance, a Facebook user may complain about his work, forgetting that his boss is a "friend." This sugge...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.026473
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nal models of surveillance might have us believe. Taking social, rather than structural, hierarchy into account allows to account for such complexity. Reciprocity Social surveillance takes place between members of social media sites. People who use applications like Twitter and Facebook become part of a networked audie...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.027804
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usly read her friends' content, comment on it, and broadcast her own content to other people's feeds, using this information to improve her mental model of other people's identities, actions and relationships. Social surveillance thus indicates that those who practice it are simultaneously surveilled by others. This di...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.028677
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6; Gross 2004; Subrahmanyam and Greenfield 2008). Social network sites, which require personal information, facilitate the maintenance of weak ties, strengthen friendships, and increase social capital and popularity (Christofides, Muise, and Desmarais 2009; Ellison, Steinfield, and Lampe 2007; Joinson 2008; Livingstone...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029245
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ing both individual and peer group relationships. Similarly, micro-blogging sites like Twitter encourage "digital intimacy" (Thompson 2008), reinforcing connections and maintaining social bonds (Crawford 2009). Unlike user-generated content sites like YouTube or Wikipedia, where a small percentage of users create the m...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029339
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ocial surveillance explains how power is internalized and used for self-discipline and impression management. In social media sites, users monitor each other by consuming user-generated content, and in doing so formulate a view of what is normal, accepted, or unaccepted in the community, creating an internalized gaze t...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029421
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ctures and Wall posts and alter them accordingly. For example, Abigail, a sixteen-year-old girl from North Carolina, says: Interviewer: Will your mother ever misunderstand something that you post on Facebook? Abigail: Yeah for example my friend Matt, he's really good in chemistry and we were joking [on the Wall] that h...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.029474
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making a meth lab?" He's a really science-y kid. He's not going to-He'd be the least person you'd expect to do drugs or whatever. And I was like, "it's an inside joke," and I would explain it to her. And oh, that's the kind of thing I would delete if it's an inside joke that I think other people wouldn't understand it,...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.029524
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s post on her wall to ensure its appropriateness. She may delete a comment if "it makes her look bad" or hide it from her mother if she suspects she will overreact. Both broadcasting and monitoring are expected and normative parts of social media, and these processes reinforce each other. By looking at other people's c...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029596
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resentation and social role to suit the occasion. This requires sophisticated abilities to prioritize, code-switch, segment, and compartmentalize, and is not always easy to anticipate. Similarly, social media creates a false sense of equivalence between users through flattening social relationships and eliminating cont...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029653
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illance is an essential part of social media use. The Facebook News Feed or Twitter stream is comprised of information about what friends and contacts are doing. Music-sharing sites like Rdio and Last.fm work from the premise that it is interesting and useful to see what friends are listening to. Colors, which aggregat...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029702
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; "everyone using the service" is limited enough. Within Facebook, it is simple to browse the pages and walls of people you do not know, provided their privacy settings allow for it. These practices have become normal in many social contexts, to the point where it is expected to view your friends' digital content: afte...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029750
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how it was before this boom of social networking. But it just seems like instead of spending all of our time talking to other individual people and sharing things that would seem private, we just spend all of our time putting it in one module of communication where people can go and access it if they want to. So it's j...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029805
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ocial media to easily announce significant events like births or engagements to a broad audience. In some social contexts, people will post content targeted to another with the goal of eliciting a certain reaction. Moreover, social media sites work on a network effect-they have greater utility the more people the user ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029857
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ocial network that also participates on the site. In the following case studies, we explore the interplay of users, social software, and power through three different case studies: social roles on Facebook, Facebook stalking, and lifestreaming. Case Study: Social Roles Although we distinguish social surveillance (betwe...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
proquest.com
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.029905
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exist between people and they are always in flux. One way to understand this is by examining social roles (Goffman 1959; Mead 1934). Role theory argues that people behave in different, but predictable ways, depending on their social identities and situations (Biddle 1986). For example, Carol plays roles as an academic ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
proquest.com
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[]
441
Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.029948
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ties to family members to friends from years ago. The Facebook user is visible to a broad audience which they often conceptualize quite differently from the people who actually view their content (Marwick and boyd 2011). This technical "flattening" brings to mind modern discourses of critical pedagogy, non-hierarchical...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
proquest.com
unknown
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.029998
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ript, or language and etiquette, differ for each. Users frequently "friend" people in social networks that retain legitimate social power over them in certain social roles such as boss or parent. While much social media creates a flat hierarchy, or sense of equivalence, across users, the dynamism of social roles create...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030063
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conflicts and the careful monitoring of others which facilitates them. Many social media sites exhibit a phenomenon known as "context collapse," in which contacts from different facets of a person's life, such as friends, family members, and co-workers, are lumped together under the rubric of "friends." In face-to-face...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030193
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Twitter and Facebook when the context is unclear and the audience contains a wide variety of people (boyd 2008). Despite this, on many social sites there is pressure to "friend" any acquaintance (boyd 2006; Fono and Raynes-Goldie 2005). As a result, one's social media friends may have wildly variant social norms and a ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030320
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rpreted or reveals a side of a person that was previously hidden to a specific context. Different social contexts are typically socially or temporally bounded, making the expected social role quite obvious. Consider the workplace. Perhaps employees consider themselves to be "at work" once they punch the clock, enter a ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030400
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self to be "at work" once the clock strikes 9 AM. A work laptop that can be taken home, but is still equipped with Internet tracking software, indicates that when using it, a person is expected to adhere to her role as an employee. When socializing with one's boss, one is still careful about his or her language. In the...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030575
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he boundaries between formerly strict categories. Christena Nippert-Eng writes that cellular phones, pagers, and email have muddled contexts so that people may find themselves "required to instantly transform [their] current frame of mind in order to accommodate whatever mentality is mandated by a newly appearing reque...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030688
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ased on social roles (Bernstein and Triger 2011). In fact, the use of social technologies is often described as "democratizing," to suggest that greater access to social media breaks down traditional boundaries. For instance, the rise of news blogging was labeled "citizen journalism" and framed as a nonhierarchical rev...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030783
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social media are severely limited by economics, citizenship, gender, censorship, and the same processes that limit participation offline. One reason for this is that roles such as employer/employee and teacher/student reassert themselves at moments of rupture, often to the detriment of the person lower on the social hi...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030854
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"friends," but they clearly are not all the same. Web 2.0 strategist Ariel Waldman strongly believes in the egalitarian myth of social media, but ran into trouble with a client who did not understand why her Twitter stream mixed personal and professional content: In their world, like you have, you know, your profession...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030903
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ld have like my title on my Twitter page, like I'm, you know, so and so for NASA and do this for Pownce [a social networking site], you know, I write for [gadget blog] Engadget or something. They could not understand why you would have, why you would list your professional title but then be Twittering about I don't kno...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.030951
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al opinions and experiences to appear authentic (Marwick and boyd 2011). She viewed her client as simply another Twitter connection. The client, though, saw Waldman's mixing of social roles as unprofessional, and asked her to restrict her Twitter account to work-related content. She refused, and severed the professiona...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031038
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by the "friends" label: I'm friends with my mom. Occasionally I'll hide things from her like if my friend, if somebody comments on something that I feel like she would be "That's inappropriate" or something or like making a joke but my mom wouldn't understand that that's an inside joke, I would hide that or delete so m...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031131
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a sense of agency over a disempowering situation. She reacts to the changes in power between her and Ashley by using Facebook to reassure herself that she is better looking, thus reasserting her value on the high school dating market. Similarly, Madison, a 15-year-old sophomore girl from North Carolina, uses Facebook t...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031200
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top-down from authoritarian entities, but between individuals. Despite the technological affordances that purport to erase power differentials between individuals, hierarchies represented by social roles are constantly reestablished and reinforced through social interaction. The nature of "surveillance" dynamically cha...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031271
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bandictionary.com with the following example: Person A: I was Facebook stalking Jennifer for two hours last night. Person B: Oh really? Person A: Yeah, Amber added photos from her birthday party and Jennifer was tagged in one of them. However two weeks ago Jennifer RSVPed 'attending' on the guest list for Jack's birthd...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031454
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ing to her relationship status, she's not single! (Urban Dictionary 2011). In this hypothetical account, Person A is trying to formulate a picture of Jennifer's actions based on bits of information that Jennifer posted to Facebook. Facebook stalking, more generally, is simply using Facebook - browsing other people's wa...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031518
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em. But it also functions as social surveillance. In using social software to systematically learn information about others, Facebook stalking enables users to assert power over others by gaining a greater picture of their actions and identities-even if this information is inaccurate. On the other hand, by paying atten...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031730
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dge the importance and visibility of their peers. In some cases, people react to feelings of weakness or loss of power by attempting to gather information about others. This "leveling up" through creating assemblages of information allows the "stalker" to maintain a feeling of power. For instance, Serena, 16, from Nort...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031820
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don't know why I always do, I'm just interested. Interviewer: Just curious? Serena: Yeah, I'm just curious. Interviewer: How does it make you feel to look at her page? Serena: It makes me feel good because I don't think she's very pretty. That's why I look at her pictures and I'm like, that's okay. Serena was deeply hu...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031911
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k to reassure herself that she is better looking. While Serena finds it so painful to see Ashley and her ex interact on Facebook that she briefly de-friended both of them, she says, "I still want to know what she's saying." The ability to monitor Ashley's actions is important enough to Serena that she will put up with ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.031984
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do you think about stalking people over Facebook? Madison: I don't know, that group of really pretty senior girls, me and my friends, we always talk about their pictures and how pretty they are and all that and being jealous of them, but- Interviewer: You kind of look up to them a little bit? Madison: Yeah, yeah. But i...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.032054
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lthough they are not friends outside of Facebook. Facebook creates a space for Madison and her friends to maintain an (imaginary) relationship with the popular, older girls, demonstrating the power differential between the groups. Madison's attention validates the popular girls as high-status and interesting, and the f...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.032134
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that Madison's group is relatively lower-status. While the girls are seemingly peers, the difference in power relations creates different expectations of content consumption. Madison and her friends, on the other hand, are very close. She responds quickly to their text messages, looks through their Facebook photographs...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.032238
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demonstrates the importance of these friendships. While neither Serena nor Madison's actions could be explained through traditional models of surveillance, their eagerness to watch demonstrates the integration of surveillance practices into every day practice. Social surveillance both reinforces and compensates for the...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.032303
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esdrop, gossip, and otherwise furtively gather information about people one was interested in. In John Locke's Eavesdropping: An Intimate History, he chronicles countless examples of people overhearing others, peering through keyholes or over ladders, and snapping photographs on the street, all part of what he calls "t...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.032373
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nal and private lives of others" (Locke 2010: 6). But he also says: Eavesdropping is communication, and it has two features that make it unusually interesting. The first is that it feeds on activity that is inherently intimate, and is so because the actors are unaware of the receiver, therefore feel free to be 'themsel...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.032440
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e sender. It is stolen by the receiver (2010: 3). In social network sites, microblogging services, and so forth the information is 'donated' by the sender. There is an explicit decision to make a piece of information available to friends, even if it is done in a passive sense (every piece of music I stream on my comput...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
proquest.com
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.032509
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de public on http://www.last.fm/user/alicetiara). This information is provided to others to be seen, with the hope that people will pay attention. This "donating" of information from the individual to the network can be conceptualized as lifestreaming (Marwick 2010; Mullen 2010). Lifestreaming is comprised of two proce...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.032706
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g and recording personal information much easier. For example, the Withings scale tweets its user's weight once a week, while the FitBit pedometer uses a sensor to track a person's caloric burn, sleep cycle and steps walked. These technologies digitize previously ephemeral information, making it easier to replicate, sc...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.032780
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, although most users share this information with only a sub-set of friends. The combination of tracking and broadcasting that characterizes social media use produces a stream of information about the individual. Thus, the term "lifestream" refers to the assemblage of information produced from the totality of social me...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.032860
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ok when attempting to discern social information. The lifestream is the subject of social surveillance. People expose themselves to this type of social surveillance so that people will look. For many, attention and visibility is a goal in itself, especially when it is connected to social status. For instance, Matthew (...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.032922
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it, it's the attention [they] crave, for sure... So it's like those girls who love a little drama in their life or something. I don't know it also kind of- it's a good way for things to get around too. So if there's a rumor they can confirm or deny it on there. And depending on that how they answer it you have yourself...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.033036
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an spread around which, I think, is kind of cool. Matthew recognizes that information functions as currency in the popularity-driven world of high school. His classmates seek visibility by posting information online, and use sites like Facebook and Formspring to learn about others, which in turn is converted into socia...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.033105
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Do you feel like people put stuffon Facebook trying to elicit a type of reaction from other people? Josh: Definitely. Interviewer: Like what? Josh: Like insulting other people. Posting pictures that they've taken of themselves. Just trying to get other people angry or trying to get other people to like them. Although J...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.033165
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ships, other people seek positive affirmation and feedback. Social media users may explicitly ask for support, post creative work for feedback, or share useful information with others; both positive and negative behavior is motivated by visibility. Among Web 2.0 workers in San Francisco, people aimed to create content ...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
proquest.com
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.033214
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is a reason why I can post 150 times a day and still have 2,000 followers. People seem really interested in what I am saying. I get more replies than most of the tech experts, because my things are very, they make you want to stick to them and reply. I happen to have a knack for it I guess. I spent a year and a half ch...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.033262
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e goal of increasing his numbers of Twitter followers. But appealing to a specific audience often requires self-censorship. Caroline McCarthy, a New York-based tech journalist, opened a Twitter account to chat with peers. But with 6,000 followers, she is careful to post tweets only that she finds appropriate for a work...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
proquest.com
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.033309
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math of a wild party at my apartment, like, "OMG! Guess who we found in the bathtub!" Now I would not do that. I would not do that because first - it would be imagebad. Second - how many of those 6000 people actually want to know that I found my drunk friend in my bathtub? No, none of them. For McCarthy, attention-seek...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.033358
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t she thinks her followers will find interesting. As Daniel Trottier writes, "interpersonal scrutiny becomes professionalized in recognition that professionals are watching" (2011). Social surveillance is reciprocal. People create content with the expectation that other people will view it, whether that means editing t...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.033406
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doing something controversial to gain attention. But in order to best be seen, the users in this section must monitor the information of others to create the right context. By understanding her 6,000 Twitter followers, McCarthy can decide whether or not they want to know about her "drunk friend in her bathtub." The mor...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
proquest.com
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
topic
2026-04-14T22:06:15.033454
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peers in order to boost their own social status. The reciprocity of social surveillance engenders both disclosure and concealment. Conclusion Social surveillance is the process by which social technologies like Facebook, Foursquare and Twitter let users gather social information about their friends and acquaintances. A...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.033533
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other, for whatever is put out there" (2010: 8). People are very resourceful at combining information from disparate digital sources to create a "bigger picture" of social activities. The human impulse to eavesdrop or overhear is augmented by information provided by those they survey on Twitter or Flickr. There are som...
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-domain-social-surveillance-everyday-life/docview/1314689547/se-2
The Public Domain: Social Surveillance in Everyday Life
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Managing Up Lateral Relationships
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.033963
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Effective stakeholder management means building strong relationships in every direction—upward, downward, lateral, and external. By applying these strategies, you’ll drive alignment, enhance collaboration, and accelerate both individual and organizational success. Management Direction Focus Key Benefit Upward Managemen...
https://notes.kodekloud.com/docs/Enhancing-Soft-Skills-for-DevOps-Engineers-Essential-Non-Technical-Skills-to-Thrive/Consulting-and-Client-Management/Managing-Up-Down-and-Sideways/page
Managing Up Down and Sideways - KodeKloud
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.282089
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owth Lateral Management Collaborating with peers Improved synergy & efficiency External Management Engaging clients and partners Stronger reputation & opportunities ​ Managing Upwards: Aligning with Leadership Upward management is about proactively connecting your work to leadership priorities. Focus on: Delivering con...
https://notes.kodekloud.com/docs/Enhancing-Soft-Skills-for-DevOps-Engineers-Essential-Non-Technical-Skills-to-Thrive/Consulting-and-Client-Management/Managing-Up-Down-and-Sideways/page
Managing Up Down and Sideways - KodeKloud
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.282263
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ability through consistent delivery Signaling strategic alignment to earn autonomy By mastering these practices, you’ll boost your visibility and expand your influence within the organization. ​ Managing Downwards: Empowering Your Team Delegation is only the first step. True downward management nurtures growth and owne...
https://notes.kodekloud.com/docs/Enhancing-Soft-Skills-for-DevOps-Engineers-Essential-Non-Technical-Skills-to-Thrive/Consulting-and-Client-Management/Managing-Up-Down-and-Sideways/page
Managing Up Down and Sideways - KodeKloud
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.282334
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Offering timely, specific feedback—both praise and constructive insights Recognizing progress and celebrating milestones as fiercely as final results Investing in skills development and supporting individual career goals Avoid micromanagement: empower your team to make decisions and learn from mistakes. ​ Managing Side...
https://notes.kodekloud.com/docs/Enhancing-Soft-Skills-for-DevOps-Engineers-Essential-Non-Technical-Skills-to-Thrive/Consulting-and-Client-Management/Managing-Up-Down-and-Sideways/page
Managing Up Down and Sideways - KodeKloud
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.282395
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n mutual respect, transparency, and shared goals. Key practices include: Keeping communication channels open for brainstorming and problem-solving Building joint ownership by recognizing interdependencies Leading with empathy—authentic connections drive collaboration Identifying common objectives and leveraging each ot...
https://notes.kodekloud.com/docs/Enhancing-Soft-Skills-for-DevOps-Engineers-Essential-Non-Technical-Skills-to-Thrive/Consulting-and-Client-Management/Managing-Up-Down-and-Sideways/page
Managing Up Down and Sideways - KodeKloud
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.282467
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pport that accelerates innovation and efficiency. ​ Managing External Stakeholders: Extending Your Reach External management ensures solutions align with market demands and stakeholder priorities. Implement these tactics: Establishing transparent, scheduled check-ins with clients or partners Understanding their key suc...
https://notes.kodekloud.com/docs/Enhancing-Soft-Skills-for-DevOps-Engineers-Essential-Non-Technical-Skills-to-Thrive/Consulting-and-Client-Management/Managing-Up-Down-and-Sideways/page
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value to build long-term credibility A strong external focus strengthens your brand, uncovers new opportunities, and fosters lasting relationships. ​ Advantages of a Holistic Stakeholder Management Approach Embracing all four directions delivers powerful benefits: Benefit Description Cross-Functional Alignment Synchron...
https://notes.kodekloud.com/docs/Enhancing-Soft-Skills-for-DevOps-Engineers-Essential-Non-Technical-Skills-to-Thrive/Consulting-and-Client-Management/Managing-Up-Down-and-Sideways/page
Managing Up Down and Sideways - KodeKloud
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iven interactions Elevated Team Morale and Retention Creates a supportive environment where people feel heard and valued Accelerated Professional Development Expands skills and visibility via diverse relationships ​ Key Takeaways Manage Up by aligning with leadership’s strategic vision Manage Down through empowerment a...
https://notes.kodekloud.com/docs/Enhancing-Soft-Skills-for-DevOps-Engineers-Essential-Non-Technical-Skills-to-Thrive/Consulting-and-Client-Management/Managing-Up-Down-and-Sideways/page
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.282697
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Start by selecting one relationship—leader, team member, peer, or client—and apply these principles consistently. Effective multidirectional management drives clarity, prevents misalignment, and builds resilient teams. ​ Further Reading Stakeholder Management Best Practices The Power of Upward Management Building Effec...
https://notes.kodekloud.com/docs/Enhancing-Soft-Skills-for-DevOps-Engineers-Essential-Non-Technical-Skills-to-Thrive/Consulting-and-Client-Management/Managing-Up-Down-and-Sideways/page
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2026-04-14T22:06:15.282807
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How to deliver bad news when it's not your fault People tend to shoot the messenger. Here's how to avoid the negative halo of bad news. Wes Kao Sep 25, 2024 108 3 6 Share 👋 Hey, it’s Wes . Welcome to my weekly newsletter on managing up, career growth, and standing out as a high-performer. For more on how to handle tri...
https://newsletter.weskao.com/p/delivering-bad-news-thats-not-your-fault
How to deliver bad news when it's not your fault
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