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What is the Safe Harbour agreement and how does today's ruling affect users of Facebook, etc?	Put simply, Safe Harbour in this context relates to an agreement between the EU and the USA that US companies can store EU citizens' data in the USA. Although not exclusively aimed at internet companies, they are the ones most affected because they're most likely to have users worldwide but data processing exclusively or largely in the USA. The ruling today from the ECJ overturns the Safe Harbour concept, and says that it is now unlawful for any company to transfer data about individuals out of the EU, without that individual's explicit permission. This is likely to have a major impact on companies such as Facebook, Google, Amazon, and many others, which rely on having their global data synchronised. Initially there will be little change for Facebook users . It's likely that in the future, Facebook and many other sites will require EU citizens to confirm that they consent to have their data sent to the USA for processing. If they won't consent to that, then they will have either a very limited functionality or maybe won't be able to use the site at all.
Marx's Theory of the Class Struggle	Throughout history there have been two groups of people : the Haves and the Have-nots. Whether it be within feudalism or capitalism, these groups will always be in conflict because one group control the means of production while the other have to sell their labor to survive. This conflict continues and shapes society until the Have-nots create a dictatorship of the proletariat and we have a classless society. "Your mother is so classless she could be a Marxist utopía! "
why can I sing reasonably well in my choirboy voice but horribly out of tune in my man voice.	All I can think of is that singing in falsetto is utilizing another vocal cords than what causes the deep voice. Since they are muscles, maybe you have not trained your normal voice to sing, while the falsetto one has been chilling there, ready to sing. Trust me, I took singing lessons for 3 years.
why water completely damages a cell phone when submerged.	Electronic circuits are designed to only allow electricity to pass through certain parts at certain times. That's how your phone works. It's a set of boolean functions . Electricity passes through chip, and it makes a decision such as "and/or". If it's \'and\', it sends the signal one way, and if it's \'or\', it sends it another way. After it does that, this step is repeated through other logic gates that have other functions that aren't and/or . Once you submerge it into water, it doesn't follow this designed 'trail\', and the phone short-circuits. Because water is conductive, the electrical signals go wherever they can, and electronics can't handle that. To make something of a comparison; It's the same reason you get in a line when you're shopping. Imagine if all the customers just threw all their items onto the counter at the same time and talked over each other. The cashier wouldn't know what to do. That's what the submersion is.
Why does coffee taste so differently after smoking?	Here you can find some interesting points. To sum it up, a tobacco really can change the taste receptors _URL_0_
How can people argue for mandatory drug testing to receive government benefits? Doesnt this violate the constitution through self incrimination? Doesnt testing for BAC when pulled over also do this?	You are not legally entitled to most government benefits; you must be eligible. If not using illegal drugs is a condition for eligibility, then you can be required to prove that to obtain the benefits. That's not unconstitutional, because you're not being compelled to do anything--it is your choice to seek the benefit of the program. Mandatory tests for intoxication without any suspicion are highly questionable, but that's a very different situation. Going about your lawful business and being required to submit to a test is not the same thing as applying for a benefit and having to submit to a test to prove eligibility.
the beef between G-Unit and Murder Inc.	Basically Ja-Rule and 50-Cent took slight jabs at each other, Ja-Rule calling 50 jealous because of the respect Ja has in the hood. 50 and Ja then dissed each other in a couple of songs back to back thus causing each others\' groups to beef. Eminem and 50 were real close friends and Eminem talks about how he almost got involved with the beef in his song "Toy Soldiers". He didn't get involved until Ja-Rule said in a song "Em, you claim your mother's a crack head, and Kim is a known slut, so what's Hailie gonna be when she grows up?" And nobody talks shit about Em's daughter so Em got involved and verbally tore Ja a new asshole with his song "Nail in the Coffin" and also "Hailie's Revenge".
why do computer hackers get a longer/harsher sentence than a murderer would?	Because governments are afraid of hackers. Murderers only kill people. Hackers can kill banks, defense systems, nuclear plants, expose politician's dirty secrets etc.
Since China landed on the moon I've heard talk of helium-3 mining. What are the practical applications of helium-3 and why would we need to go to the Moon to get it?	Helium-3 is used in fusion research, neutron detection, cryogenics, and medical imaging according to wikipedia. Helum-3 is one neutron short of being normal Helium-4. Helium-3 fusion is attractive for a few reasons. First, there are no radioactive byproducts. Also it can lead to direct electrical production as opposed to using fusion to generate steam to drive a generator turbine. So it's theoretically more efficient. Neutron detection is important for detecting radioative materials like plutonium. He3 gets colder than He4, to within a few tenths of absolute zero. If you inhale it it shows up in an MRI and can be used to image the air ways and lung passages. The reason you need to go to the moon to get it is that it's even more rare than regular helium. Helium is light enough to escape Earth's atmosphere and float off into space. He-3 is even lighter.
The different .txt file encodings (ANSI vs Unicode vs Unicode big endian vs UTF-8)	A text file is basically a series of bytes - numbers from 0 to 255 - and we want to interpret that as a series of characters. Let's start with a simple one-byte-per-character plan. Pretty much everyone agrees how to assign 0 to 127 to common characters like A-Z and 0-9, that's called ASCII. Various countries came up with their own ways to use 128-255 for extra characters that their language needed. ANSI generally refers to the "Western Europe" one of these mappings. Unicode is an attempt to clear up the many incompatible one-byte encodings by giving every character a number that everyone agrees with. Mostly these are two-byte codes, 0 to 65535, though some very obscure characters are given higher numbers. "Unicode" as a text file format usually means using two bytes for each character. That's a simple way of storing these longer codes, and you just need to decide which order the two bytes for a character should stored in - this is called big-endian vs little-endian. The main drawback is that you're using twice as much space as necessary for simple English text - almost half of the bytes will be zero because most of the numbers you're storing are under 255. UTF-8 is a way to represent the full range of Unicode characters while being backwards-compatible with ASCII. The ASCII characters 0-127 are stored as one byte just as before, and the numbers from 128-255 are used to represent higher characters. Some characters fit in two bytes, but some take three bytes. UTF-8 is more-or-less the default choice for the Internet.
What would happen to a dead body in space?	It would dry out over time as the liquid boils out of it and, if left in direct sun light long enough, could probably gets some nasty burns.They have these body farms where they check all sorts of cool things regarding decomp etc I can't imagine why they haven't sent one up there yet, as well as put one all the way at the deep sea bottom, just because we can.It would first burst as the gases in the blood decompress, either exploding or just shredding and remaining a unit, then freeze in place, then slowly dessicate and become slightly radioactive as the solar wind and other radiation lit it up.
Why do only women wear makeup?	For a variety of reasons, through history, due to biological, cultural, economic and other factors, beauty and sexuality became of larger emphasis for women than for men and so products were made to supposedly enhance one's beauty. Men however do wear makeup. Not as much but many men do.
How exactly does fat exit my body after a workout?	Fat is made up of Oxygen, Hydrogen and Carbon. When 'burned', the fat is combined with Oxygen from the atmosphere to create CO2, which you exhale. About 85% of the weight you lose is exhaled as CO2. The remaining ~15% is turned into water, which you expel in your urine.
Why are 7 and 13 considered lucky and unlucky respectively?	this is a cultural thing and if you travel to various parts of the world you'll find the same does not hold true for them. for instance, Chinese and Japanese consider 4 to be unlucky and not 13. The reason for that specifically, is because some of the pronunciations of 4 are similar or the same as their word for death. 13 may be considered unlucky for many reasons but a common belief is because of the christian religions "last supper" where jesus and his 12 disciples ate judas, the one that betrayed jesus, was the 13th person to sit at the table. 7 on the other hand may be a rule of 5s type thing i.e. people looking for certain patterns will eventually see them in just about everything. I also suspect christian religion has something to do with it though I 've heard many times how 6 is supposed to be the number of the devil and so 7 which is above six, would be the number of god.
Why do individuals vomit after a concussion?	Did you know that there is a part of the brain that controls vomitting? See: _URL_0_ When the brain encounters a physical shock, it is possible that this part of the brain becomes triggered. Once that happens, nausea may occur, which sometimes leads to vomitting. Because of the triggering, the brain might be trying to eject toxin from the stomachTo add context to PDX_Stan's , any time your brain thinks you 've been poisoned it will make you throw up. One of the most common cases of this is the "my eyes say I'm moving, but my body isn't moving - oh crap, I 've been poisoned!" reaction that causes motion sickness. But a stripy bucket over someone's head and spin it, and they'll throw up really quickly - because the brain gets confused. Put enough pressure on the Vomiting Center and you get the same reaction.
What causes an apple to have more than 1 stalk?	Photoshop or a bamboozler. You're actually seeing the top and bottom of the Apple, it's basically an Apple with a growth problem. Op just added a stem to the butt.
Why isn't there dry human food with all the needed essentials like there is for pets?	Because we don't want it. There is no demand for it and we prefer a varied diet. There is [soylent] which is a smoothie type thing which is essentially all you need to eat. It claims to have all the nutrients, fats, calories and whatnot a human needs to be able to survive on it alone. It exists, but it isn't exactly revolutionizing the way humans eat.
Prior to radios, satellite imagery, and other military technology, how did opposing armies locate eachother for battle?	So, when you think of things like this, you're probably thinking of something like in the movies, where a few guys are moving through the woods or jungle or wherever and can hide their tracks. That's not an army. An army is thousands of people. A scout can find traces of 4,000 people walking somewhere -- either from just the massive amounts of tracks left, or the fact that someone will notice thousands of people on their way to somewhere, and one of those people will tell you about it.
What is the feeling of semi-weakness people sometimes get when they are cold?	At cold temperatures, oxygen is more tightly bound to the hemoglobin in blood and does not release as easily. This slower rate of release leads to a lower amount of oxygen available to your muscles, making contraction more difficult. Also when we are cold, blood is conserved around our vital organs to ensure our body continues to function, but this part may not be relevant.
If Tupac is dead, who receives the royalties when someone listens to his music? And same for other deceased artists	Tupac's estate was managed by his mother until she died a few years ago. Control of the estate then passed on to a a trustee that his mother appointed before her death. His mother and now the trustee was the beneficiary of all financial gains from his estate as well as empowered to make legal decisions regarding copyrights, release of previously unreleased music etc. Most artists have similar situations in place. Many artists and musicians continue to make millions of dollars a year even decades after their deaths, and they usually have wills that provided instructions for how to manage their estates. For those who die with no will, a court usually grants control of the estate to the next-of-kin, or may divide it up between close relatives if there's a dispute, although disputes can drag on for years.
[BIOLOGY] Why does it hurt when theres air passing through you? Flatulence meaning..	Excessive gas literally causes your intestines to bloat and stretch. Most of the pain comes from the muscular contractions of your intestines trying to squeeze air instead of digested food which results in cramping pains. A good fart should make things feel better :)If it hurts to fart, you should probably see a doctor. Passing gas is a completely normal function of the human body and normally causes no pain.
If attorneys have a monopoly on the practice of law, why are they so unwilling to help average citizens?	If no one was injured then there is no case, so that means that you aren't looking to hire legal representation. No chance of pro bono or conditional work from the firm. What you were looking for in those cases was legal advice. Legal advice is never free from a law firm. It is one of the services that the firm offers, and unless the firm agrees to take you on as a client they are not going to waste their time or get involved in the situation. Additionally, I've heard that there can be legal repercussions for a firm that gives out bad advice to clients, so no law firm is going to take that risk without payment.
What determines a person's sexuality?	The matter is heavily debated and there's no concise answer to it yet. Genetics is a promising possibility, but is confounded by the aforementioned factors involving twins and sexual mismatch. There are a large number of interesting sex-related interactions that occur before and shortly after birth. For example, the Westemarck Effect makes you immune to finding people you grew up close to sexually attractive This prevents inbreeding and leads to more fit children. As for before birth, recent studies have indicated the possibility that female mothers "feminize" males because their immune system attacks the non-matching male fetus. This was proposed to explain why later male children are more likely to be feminine or gay. There are other, less formal correlations being investigated, such as that between being abused sexually when young and having pedophilic tendencies. At the heart of it is simply that we don't know. We know for certain that biology plays a very large part, but there's very little certainty that any one mechanism accounts for an individual's sexuality entirely. On a genetic level nothing is as cut-and-dry as "you have gene therefore you'll be this way or that way" because that ignores a large number of regulatory mechanisms your cells have to control gene expression past just the code itself. It's highly unlikely the answer to this question will be simple in the foreseeable future.Scientists tend to say it's genetical, studies have been done on twins and the turn out to have the same sexuality more often than other people. Then again there isn't 100% proof of it and nobody is absolutely sure.
How is the ratio between different currencies calculated?	Short answer - the market. The exchange rate is decided by people buying and selling currency. So the market thinks that 1 Euro is = to $1.25. Therefore that's what the rate is.
When a meteorite strikes a planet and leaves a crater, why is there a big hole but no meteorite in it?	When it hits the planet, there is so much energy it literally explodes. That's why there's a crater and nothing bigger than meteorite gravel left behind. Think about tossing a snowball at a wall.If you throw an egg at your wall, and it leaves a mess, why is there no egg in that mess?
what the deal is with Hugo Chavez?	I don't want to start a debate but Booyahhayoob's little recounting leaves rather a lot to be desired. While this isn't comprehensive, here are a few of the major issues that have occurred with the Chavez regime: 1) Food shortages. In 2003, Chavez imposed price controls on food. As is predictable by basic economic theory, these led to shortages as food was hoarded, smuggled out of the country to be sold elsewhere, or simply not grown to avoid taking a loss. In recent years the Chavez government has seized farms and food warehouses, arrested people for exporting food, and ordered farmers to meet minimum production quotas. Government-seized and -run farms have had massive amounts of waste and inefficiency, leaving food to rot as cronies without any agricultural experience were put in charge of the nation's food supply. 2) Suppression of free speech. Opposition media have repeatedly been [fined, shut down, and attacked] for criticizing the regime. 3) Increasing crime. The murder rate has more than doubled under the Chavez regime. Kidnappings have become commonplace . Drug trafficking is on the rise. All this does not even take into account the widespread corruption, the decline in the Venezuelan oil industry, or the [crazy statements] Chavez makes on the world stage.
Why is what's going on in Ukraine right now not already considered war?	It's not a war because Russia hasn't formally declared war on the entire country and has only moved units into the eastern portion currently being contested. If they insert unmarked units there, it's not war because they still officially deny that the units are theirs, meaning that they're supporting the rebels by proxy. Ukraine, NATO, and most external observers know that they're Russian, but even Russia doesn't want a formal declaration of war. It's what the new kids call a 'low intensity conflict'. This is different from full-scale conventional warfare in that they are restrained from using their full capabilities for political reasons, and their operational area does not include the entire country or engaging its national forces. Granted, this particular conflict is going to be a lot hotter than what are normally considered 'low intensity', but it looks as though Russia doesn't want to commit to rolling over the Ukrainians with their considerable amount of available forces.
"It is the sense of being watched that constrains social action" (Mirzoeff 1999, 2009:45).	What do you not understand/need help elaborating on? There are a number of social psychology experiments you could reference here. There's also an entire literature on whether lab experimentation is generalizable to the population, given the influence of the lab itself- ie. people likely act differently when they're either not in a natural surrounding, or are being watched. Self control is higher when individuals are in a social context than when they're by themselves, etc. There was an article posted recently that talked about how often women subconsciously adjust themselves- either their hair, clothing, facial expression, etc. in public. This could also tie in.
Who is the USA so in debt to?	This article explains it: _URL_0_ Most of the debt is owned by a domestic organization called "social security". I'm assuming you Americans know what that is. Some sort of social safety net provider? Anyway bottom line is US debt is denominated in USD and the federal reserve can print unlimited quantities of that so you are never in danger of defaulting on your debt. Other countries have their external debt denominated in foreign currencies which they can't print themselves so they get into trouble because of that. But America doesn't have that problem.
Why do NCAA basketball rules differ so much from NBA rules? E.g., different 3pt distance, different free throw rules, different time format	The NCAA is unofficially a minor league player development system for the NBA, but the people running it, don't work for the NBA, and don't particularly care about developing NBA Talent. There's a degree of inertia here, in that college basketball has been around a really long time with their own set of rules, and don't feel the need to change them just because that's what the NBA is doing. You see the same thing with the various rule differences between College Football and the NFL.
Why do man made satellites, such as the ISS, appear bright like stars when they pass overhead even though they have no signifigant light source?	If you ever look at the ISS sighting times for your city, you will notice they are always early morning or late evening - never the middle of the night. This is because the sky has to be dark to see it, but the spacecraft must still be in view of the sun to reflect its light. When you watch the ISS go by what often happens is that it appears over the horizon, travels in an arc for a few minutes and then just dissapears, this is because the station has crossed the terminator - it has passed into the shadow of the earth. _URL_0_like the moon they are in view of the sun
Can black holes bend light from planets so we are actually seeing them in the wrong place?	This is an occurrence known as gravitational lensing and isn't specific to black holes, but any object with significant mass. Objects whose light is bent do then appear in the "wrong" place. We can even see objects that would 've been otherwise obstructed from vision if lensing didn't occurYes. Although we see it more in terms of stars rather than planets. _URL_0_
Why does tomato ketchup taste nothing like tomatoes	Ketchup contains a lot of sugar and vinegar, both of which will mask the flavor of a tomato, not to mention also mask the flavor of the food you use it on. There's usually plenty of sodium in ketchup as well, which will overwhelm your tastebuds, hiding the tomato flavor even further.At least Finland has "natural" or "special" ketchup which means it has less sugar and salt than normal ketchup . Meira natural ketchup has 13% sugar while Heinz ketchup has 26.7% sugar. Tastes great, a lot better than the icky sugary Heinz ketchup. Maybe your fiancee should look for natural ketchup or special ketchup .
Why is the current generation waiting for the baby boomers to die out?	They're the ones running the world. They have all the jobs, all the money, run all the businesses & control the government. The younger generations, even into their 30s and 40s, are left with a world run by their parents that they can't change.
Why don't highlighter colors exist on anything digital?	Highlighter colors are a type of [blacklight-reactive ink]. They reflect light like normal, but they also absorb ultraviolet light and re-remit it at a visible wavelength. That means that the ink appears brighter than it should given the level of ambient light, making it look like it's glowing. Computer monitors are already glowing, so you can't really have this type of phenomenon with a lit screen.I don't understand your question exactly. MS Word has a tool it specifically calls "highlighter", and the first option is a bright yellow color. Google images is a search engine for images what would you highlight, exactly?
Germans eat raw pork, almost nobody gets sick	I believe that prosciutto is also raw pork that has been carefully prepared and aged. In the case of Mett, > Unless pre-packaged, the German Hackfleischverordnung permits mett to be sold only on the day of production. That is likely to keep it safe to eat, and it may be subject to more rigorous testing standards as well.I don't know about the regulations in other countries but every slaughtering facility in Germany is required by law to have its products inspected by a sworn veterinarian. So any meat that might be dangerous for human consuption is sorted out right at the beginning. Side note: A Mett bun with fresh onions and parsley is outrageously delicious!", 'Eating freshly slaughtered meat from cleanly raised animals is relatively safe. Animals in nature, including primitive humans, do it all the time without getting sick. Most of the problems are either parasites or bacteria that grow in the meat after slaughter.
Russia's political system and it's democratic system.	In some ways Russia has a good democracy. The president is limited to two sequential terms . Theoretically there are three branches of power , and the constitution gives the right for multiple parties to operate. In reality, Putin has been president for most of the time since 1998 and has "swapped" positions with his prime minister medveyev to get around the presidential terms limits. Also any real opposition parties are harassed or jailed out of existence. They are denied official funding, any locals who fund them also get harassed, and if they take foreign funding then they are "obvious traitors". There are several accepted and tolerated parties but these are all loyal to Putin and the kremlin. So it has most of the trappings and features of a modern democracy, but since no real opposition is allowed to grow, it is functionaly an oligarchy. It is worth mentioning that Putin's approval rating is really high. He doesn't always need to do very much to rig elections . In regional areas his level of support is something western leaders could only dream of. Of course, since he doesn't allow anyone to speak against him that partially explains that!
Why metal is forbidden from the microwave.	Not really an expert on this, but basically the way microwaves work is they send a lot of microwaves across the heating chamber. This makes the particles of items inside move a lot faster and therefore raise the temperature of the item. This works fine for foods etc, but for metals accelerating the particles means creating electricity. All that electricity cannot be contained inside the metal . This causes the electricity to escape in form of sparks. I don't think I need to explain to you why sparks flying freely inside an electronic device can be dangerous ;) Hope I made it clear enough?
How does a hose work with an attachment? How does it not explode off? Does the water pressure stop?	> Does the water pressure stop? Pressure is static, it doesn't change. When allowed the escape the water will constantly flow out but when stopped it doesn't continually build up. Normal water pressure is about 40-45 psi.the same reason your house doesn’t explode when you turn off the sink. there’s water pressing up against every valve in your house just like it presses up against the valve in the hose attachment. like some other guy said, the pressure doesn’t build up because the force pushing it doesn’t changeBecause the attachment is either crimped or clamped onto the hose in such a way that it can withstand the pressure of the waterin simple terms, the force attaching the end to the hose is stronger than the pressure the water exerts
How much saliva does a human produce each day, and what is it made out of?	Daily salivary\xa0output. There is\xa0much debate about the amount of\xa0saliva\xa0that is\xa0produced\xa0in a healthy person perday; estimates range from 0.75 to 1.5 litres per\xa0day\xa0while it is generally accepted that during sleep the amount drops to nearly zero. Human saliva comprises 99.5% mostly\xa0water, plus\xa0electrolytes,\xa0mucus, white\xa0blood cells,\xa0epithelial cells\xa0,\xa0glycoproteins,\xa0enzymes\xa0,\xa0antimicrobial\xa0agents such as secretory\xa0IgA\xa0and\xa0lysozyme. _URL_0_ Seriously, you couldn't just do one quick Google search?
What is the true purpose of "Tag a friend who ..." spam-posts on facebook?	Generating range, e.g., exposure. Getting a brands' name 'out there'. Every view, every click, every page loaded is, at its base level, an interaction with a brand, or product and a potential customer. Any page, be it a standalone website, a facebook page, a blog or whatever kind of means a company decides to use to promote a product, is 'counted' by said customer interactions. This is usually called the 'range' said medium can generate. An example from Twitter would be someone with 10 followers, writing a tweet. Let's assume that all 10 followers each have 10 followers of their own and all 10 retweet this one tweet. This means, with one tweet, the tweet is seen by 100 possible customers. Now imagine a tweet written by someone who has 1000 followers, each with 100 followers. If only half of those followers retweet this single tweet, we're already at 50.000 possible customers being exposed to the companys' product. Thus the range in the latter example is way higher, than in the former. This range is valuable in terms of what a marketing company, or similar, is willing pay for their commercial to appear on said medium. That also is the reason why, in comparison, a print ad is much cheaper, than a tv ad - their range is hugely different. So, to come to a stop, all these 'tag a friend that ' sites try to enhance their own range, be it to gain a better position to sell their own products, or to have better 'arguments' when dealing with other marketing companies that want to place ads on their site.
Why is pressure measured in inches?	It's measured in inches of mercury . Pressure used to be measured compared to how much pressure an inch of mercury in a glass column exerted. Or the other way round, how much a certain pressure moved the mercury. Simply, you have a container of mercury with a tube standing in it. Air pressure pressing down on the pool of mercury forces it up the tube. How far up the tube it goes tells you the pressure in inches of mercury. Otherwise, it can be measured in psi which is just the imperial version of the metric newtons per square metre. Literally how much force is applied to the area you're measuring.
Why don't game AIs use self-learning behavior like they do with robotics simulations?	Genetic algorithms are not without their problems, but I think you fundamentally miss the point of game AI here. It's not supposed to be good at it's job. It's supposed to be believable. You want the guards to act like real human guards, for example. I can tell you pretty categorically that the easiest way to do that is to programme them. Genetic algorithms might lead you to an effective solution, but would it look natural or believable? Would it be enjoyable to play against? Probably not.Simply because its much cheaper to program some if/then statements than to do that kind of math/programming. Also games have to react on the fly as the player moves around, I have no idea what kind of processing is necessary to have a chain running in the background or if it can even be applied to a real time video gameYou do not want that with a game. You want consistent levels of difficulty in a game, not ever increasing levels of difficulty in a game.
Do really small creatures have self-awareness?	Awareness is an emergent property of the complexity of our brain. Only brains that are able to reach a certain level of complexity are able to create awareness. Only in a couple of species awareness has been proven, and all in a limited way when compared to humans. In some way, the behavior of insects is more comparable to a robot than to a human. Basic input/output, although the behavior of most insects is far more complex than that of robots. You can think of the complexity of behavior as a spectrum, with the simplest single cell organisms on one side and humans and other large animals on the other side. As a kind of general rule: the tinier a species is, the less room there is for brains/neural networks, the less complex it behavior can be. Awareness only exists on the very far end of the spectrum.No, bugs like those listed do not. They're essentially on autopilot and driven by instinct. Higher order mammals such as dolphins, apes, and elephants, and a few birds such as the gray parrot are about the only species with the intellect to understand that they have an identity, and this varies. Elephants understand death as seen when they pass through areas where bones of their dead are found. Parrots and apes can be trained to understand language and follow fairly detailed logical instructions, and there is some debate as to where some of the more famous examples such as Koko the gorilla advanced enough to make up their own words. All of these are degrees of self-awareness but not necessarily the whole deal that humans can experience.
The ridiculously high and growing suicide rate in Japan.	Suicide rates among males have always been high in Japan. The culture praises both a collectivist mentality to supporting the group, plus a strong sense of personal honor. When a man supposes that his utility to the group is less than his contribution and/or his honor has been compromised in a way that it can not be recovered, suicide is considered a way to recover that honor or cease to be a burden.Since People covered the social issues in Japan that lead to suicide, there are also rumors that it's because Japanese police rule many cases as suicide for two reasons: to get rid of unsolved cases, and to contribute to the image of Japan as a safe country. As I said, they are only claims and no evidence support them, but they are quite prevalent. The suicide of Yukiko Okada is an important example, as people believe she was killed, since police didn't find what made her kill herself.
Why doesn’t stereo volume stop at a point before distortion occurs in stock speakers? Conversely, why don’t stock speakers hold up to the capability of their stereo counterparts?	Manufacturers often make more variety of speaker than head unit, so low quality speakers are often paired with more powerful head units. They want to keep the overall system inexpensive, but they're not able to get a cheaper head unit.Another thing to add to the great explanations so far is that most receivers have an "overdrive" mode, where the amplifiers are above the peak efficiency point, and are sacrificing quality for volume. If the receiver shows volume in Db, this will be the positive numbers It can also come down to the input, ie. if you connect your phone, this will have a much more balanced volume level. So, in which case your radio etc. has a badly balanced volume level according to the capabilities of the speakers.
Why do my eyes water when I do a really satisfying wee?	A great piss can beat an ejaculation in my honest opinion. You know that piss that you have been holding onto since breaking the piss seal 56 minutes earlier at the train station. And in that 56 minutes those last minute traveller beers have mutated into an agonising need to evacuate your bladder only exacerbated by the constant rocking of the carriage. When you arrive at your destination, a quick sprint is followed by a godly piss lasting what seems like hours, you can only breath a sigh of relief as this orgasmic piss escapes thats what I live forExperiencing a piss so grand that it makes me tear up is now on my bucket listI wee outside over 60% of the time
Why do we sneeze sometimes as a response to pain?	The nerves in your face are very close together and sometimes a signal on one can cause an adjacent one to fire. Same reason some people sneeze in bright light.
Why does video compression make red so pixelated?	This can be an effect of "Chroma subsampling": _URL_0_ In ELI5, more compression is done to the color parts of images/video than to the black-and-white parts of it. This saves a lot of space but is not _that_ noticable to us usually.
Why is Republican leadership voting to approve Obama's budget?	There are several parts to the Bipartisan Budget Agreement. * It eases spending caps for FY 2016 and FY 2017. That includes defense spending which is huge for defense hawk Republicans. * It takes the possibility of going beyond the debt limit/extraordinary measures off the table which provides stability in the marketplace. This is beneficial to Republicans who understand what would happen if there market meltdown if the U.S. credit is downgraded again. * It "Cleans the barn" for Speaker Ryan. That is to say it gives Speaker Ryan a relatively clean slate to start working on bigger spending cuts and mandatory spending reforms with the Freedom Caucus. So "establishment" types are helping Ryan start on stronger footing. * And on top of all of that, the spending cap increases are offset elsewhere in the bill. That includes mandatory reforms in Medicare, Social Security, and Social Security Disability Insurance.It could have enough public/political support to not lose, so conservative republicans get to vote the right, without making an impact, and rather than lose public face, the republican leadership lets some of their members vote for it, because it's going to pass and it lets them look more moderate without crossing party lines hard.
Can ice get old? If so, how long does it take and what happens to it?	Ummm glaciers? Pretty sure those are like upwards of 100000+ years old and are still palatableThey don't "expire", but they can evaporate. If you ever have really old ice in the freezer you'll notice it gets smaller through the months. The top layers of the ice slowly evaporates. Literally little bits of H2O molecules detaches and moves into the air.
Why are there "runts" of, for instance, a litter of puppies?	They were just born smaller then the rest, and when it comes to feeding time they get pushed to the side by the bigger puppies. Why it happens is just genetics, they got the short straw and ended up a little smaller, aka they are the Runt of the litterIn any group of 5 individuals, one is going to be the smallest
Why is it commonly assumed that water is a prerequisite for (extraterrestrial) life?	Basically, we haven't seen any exceptions to the rule "life needs water," so we aren't making any guesses about what kinds of "other life" might arise. To put it another way, it's totally possible that there are rock monsters living on some far-off planet that don't need water and don't look like any other life that we know of. But even if we looked at that planet how would we even know what we were looking at and how would we know to classify it as "life?" Instead, we work with the information we know, and we pay special attention to the planets with liquid water. On those planets, we at least know there's a chanceThe most common elements in the universe are hydrogen, helium, oxygen, neon, nitrogen, carbon, silicon, magnesium, iron and sulfur. This means the polar solvents that are most likely going to happen are water ,ammonia and hydrogen sulfide . In order for any significant biochemistry to happen you need a liquid solvent. It stands to reason that the most likely of these is the place to lookWater can do some really cool chemistry things. It really good at breaking down compounds, but it also offers a great environment for random chemical reactions. For life by pure random chance you need as many random reactions happening. This plus all life that we know of requiring water makes it a pretty safe bet that water greatly increases the chance for life to formWaterless life might be possible, as the universe can surprise us in unimaginable ways. However, the thinking goes that if water holds such vital importance for life on Earth, then at least if other life similar to Earth exists somewhere else, then we can expect there is water on it.The only way we know life to exist requires water. There may be other ways, but we don't know of any. It's kind of hard to look for something you don't know to look for.
When did Westward expatiation put an end to the "Wild West"?	The U.S. census officially declared the western frontier to be closed in 1890. Thus, the year 1890 is traditionally considered to mark the end of the "Wild West".
Why aren't there any well known businesses that existed before the industrial era?	[There are a few], but most companies from that era just didn't last into the modern age. A few breweries and textile operations have been around for hundreds of years, but all the plague doctors and sail-riggers are out of business.
when I go to delete or move a file open in another program why doesn't Windows tell me which program I should close?	Because it's simply not the default behaviour of the OS. The phrase you're looking for is "which process has a handle to this file" - there are a number of utilities, such as Process Explorer by Sysinternals, that can illuminate handles for youOn Mac OS X, it tells you which program is using the file in question, in Windows it does not but there are programs you can download that tell you.
Why do some people call muslims moslems?	I think it's just a language thing. That first syllable in "Muslim" is a sound that you won't really find in the English language. Some say Moslem, some say Mooslim, when it's really right down the middle. Muslim. Source: Brown person who speaks brown person languages that contains sounds problematic for English-only speakersIt's a variant spelling of the word "muslim" that is rarely used today, as it may be mistaken for a similar-sounding Arabic word that means something different . My understanding is that it fell out of use because the English pronunciation of "moslem" typically substitues the 's\' sound for a \'z\' sound which makes it sound like an Arabic word pronounced "mawzlem" that means "oppressor". [[source]]', "Why it persists, I don't know, but it originated as a result of differing transliteration conventions: the same Arabic letters being rendered with different English ones.
How does an Anti Virus know whats a Virus and what isnt?	It typically has two layers of defense. The first is the actual signature database. It's a bunch of "wanted" posters, a catalogue of known malware. The second layer is searching for suspicious activity. Executables that run themselves automatically, request access to key systems and otherwise do shady stuff are going to be tagged as suspicious, and possibly relayed to the antivirus's producers for analysisEvery antivirus program has some database of checksums, which are the bad programs\' "ID" number. If a newly downloaded program has a checksum from the database, it removes it. That is why those programs are in the background all the time checking what you download.
Does the numerical order of dimensions matter? Does time need to be, explicitly, the 4th dimension?	Not really. The first three, length, width, and depth were accepted as "dimensions" after René Descartes described how to find something's location. But as theoretical mathematics provided new things that counted as "dimensions," they just tacked it onto the list.They're a coordinate system. If you all agree on the order of the coordinates, then you can use them to describe a position. So they matter insofar as consistency is key.
Why does Obamacare get so much bad press?	The Affordable Care Act is not the same thing as universal healthcare. It has a lot of issues, but it has also solved a lot of problems. There is definitely room for reform, but I don't condemn it, nor do I think all liberals feel one way or the other on it.Obamacare is not universal healthcare. Conservatives will never shut up about it because they believe it is an example of federal government overreach, which is the primary concern of most conservatives. Other than that, many people simply do not accept Obama as president and will vehemently oppose anything he does.Forget about the redtape. Forget about talking heads on ANY channels. The Gov't took 1/6th of the Federal Budget and changed the way it operates. The Act did not lower costs for consumers. Consumers were not able to keep their providers in many cases. The Act did not have the desired effect of insuring the 20-40 million . Almost half of the healthcare exchanges established have failed. The former system was broken there's no argument. We could have started to FIX the former by allowing insurance to be bought across state lines basically a market-driven solution that would have had a huge impact. Instead, we fundamentally changed the way healthcare is delivered. And not for the better, nor insuring those most vulnerable.
Why do race cars omit airbags in their cars?	The purpose of an airbag is to keep your head from slamming against the dashboard and causing an injury. It is necessary because the seatbelts we use do not fully prevent your body from flailing about. Race car drivers are fully secured with a system of harnesses and don't move as violently during an accident. An airbag would not provide any additional safety. I'm not an expert, so I'm not exactly sure how it could be more dangerous. Perhaps it would prevent safety officials from getting the driver out of a wrecked car.
Why do some dogs not eat over their bowl?	It has to do with the "fitness" of the dog. i.e., an alpha dog would not do this. This is because in the wild, the stronger dog will have taken a bigger part in the hunting of the food, simultaneously less threatened overall, while the less fit dogs in the pack will likely obtain the "scraps" of meat and retreat to eat it without fear of losing it. It's instinct and evolution, really. _URL_0_
Stem Cells. What they are and the controversy about them?	This has been asked many times, but I think having someone actually answer you personally causes you to get more out of the response. Overview of DNA/RNA: Every cell in your body have the same DNA. DNA is like a giant library. Individual units of DNA are called nucleotides which act in segments of 3. Your cellular machinery reads these segments and produces mRNA in a process know as transcription. Then this RNA is sent to a ribosome which turns the mRNA into a protein in a process known as translation. This is called the central dogma . Development: These expressed proteins can repress and activate DNA in itself and other cells around it, so in effect, can cause other cells around it to choose a cell pathway. Each cell starts as a stem cell and then, given these chemical signals, differentiates into something else. Initially the stem cell is totipotent it gets slightly differentiated and becomes pleuripotent . Eventually they become liver cells, heart cells, muscle, skin etc depending on the chemical signals they receive from the cells around them. Eventually these cells form really complex structures like the brain, nervous system, and body plan . Importance/controversy: A stem cell can form any organ theoretically, so they have a spectacular clinical application. The controversy around them comes from the mindset that stem cells are living human beings and should have rights just like any other human being. It really depends on when you believe life begins. Embryonic stem cells are totipotent and are easily attained in vitro when sperm and egg are merged to form a zygote . So the controversy mainly stems from a religious aspect . A huge issue with not pursuing further research is that other countries will be far advanced in medical practices, and US citizens will start going over seas for new medical procedures that we could perform here and give American doctors, nurses, and researchers jobsThere is a South Park episode that actually explained stem cells perfectly.
Why is it some people have huge bulging veins on their arms and others can never achieve that even working out their forearms.	it has almost nothing to do with musculature and everything to do with bodyfat. if you have fat covering your veins, you'll never see them. the people you're observing are almost definitely leaner than you are. of course, it's not a hard and fast rule and some lean people won't be very vascular, but it applies more than 95% of the time. source: have been working out for 4 years always with an emphasis on science and using practical applications of that science, , know a hell of a lot more about fitness/working out than most people
How high and far could you jump on Pluto?	Gravity on Pluto is about 1/15 of gravity on Earth, or about half of the Moon's gravity. If we assume you can put the same energy into your jump as you can on Earth, you'll leave the ground at the same speed and jump 15 times higher than you can on Earth. You're also in the air for 15 times longer, so if you also take off with the same horizontal speed as you can manage on Earth, you'll jump 15 times further. I suspect that with enough practice you'd actually be able to run a bit faster on Pluto because you could put more of the energy from each stride into forward motion and less into upwards movement.
What would really happen if everyone tried to empty their bank accounts all at once?	It's called a bank run. Without intervention from a central government or reserve bank, the bank will go bust, and most people will lose their money. Most countries use a system called fractional reserve banking. Under this system banks only have to hold a fraction of their deposits in reserve, say for example 10%. They lend the rest out to make money. They are counting on only needing this amount of money day to day. Typically, all of the banks customers won't want their money all at once. If more is withdrawn everyone's accounts are frozen, and the country's reserve bank can step in to guarantee the rest, as the lender of last resort, depending on the jurisdiction. Khan Academy did a good explanation on this. ~~I'll link to it when I have time~~ E: _URL_1_ This happened most recently with the Northern Rock bank in the UK in 2007. They needed the Bank of England to lend it money so they could give their customers their money. E: _URL_0_", 'When banks started to run out of physical cash to hand out they would freeze all accounts and close the bank for the day . That is what they did during the Depression rushes.Banks would run out of money There is not actual enough physically backing what is in accounts. What is in our accounts is largely imaginary, backed by other people's accounts.
Why was/is there no special prosecutor for the top secret emails or Flynn unmasking or Clinton foundation?	There have been no credible issues with the Clinton Foundation. It's routinely one of the top rated charities in the world and publishes audited financial statements. _URL_0_ _URL_1_
Is the time a spiral or a line?	The second law of thermodynamics says that enthropy always increases. I believe we model time based on said law, because there's a clear distinction between lower and higher enthropy . Whether time acts as a spiral or line depends on it's rate of change. Meaning if enthropy increases in a linear fashion, then it acts as a line. Not sure how we can describe time as a spiral in it's natural definition, although, as human beings we might experience time as a spiral. If I understand correctly, "spiral" in this context means that time progresses slower as it expands , assuming we start in the middle. This description might be correct for us earthlings, as space only gets colder and colder - meaning everything in the universe becomes a bit slower, including the earth's spin; so it might take a lot longer for us to witness dusk to dawn. [MinutePhysics on time and enthropy] This is mostly just what I come to think of at the top of my headNeither. Time is probably something like a "foam" combined with space with a lot of distortions in it but no one's sure. It's certainly not a line.
When did a tax break ("we'll take less of your money") become synonymous with a subsidy ("we'll give you someone else's money")?	I cannot answer the "when" part but can address the "why" part. People think of a subsidy as a deviation from the status quo, not from a baseline of zero. So if government has decided to tax everyone at 10% and this becomes the norm, and then government decides to cut a certain party's taxes, it can be thought of as mathematically equivalent to taxing that party at 10% and also giving them a payment. Since this is ELI5 I will make no attempt to turn this into a discussion of right and wrong, etc., but that's why the term is seen by some people as valid in this usageI already posted once, but I thought of a more "ELI5" way to do this: Say Alice and Bob each owe $50 to George. George likes Alice better than Bob, so he wants to give her $10. He has two ways he can do this: 1. He can take the $50 from each of them, and then give $10 to Alice . 2. He can just say "Hey Alice, remember that $50 you owed me? Make it $40." If you can see how these two situations are exactly the same for every person involved, then you can see why a tax credit is the same as a subsidy.
Why do I often wake up a few seconds or minutes before my alarm goes off?	Your'e body recognizes patterns and acts accordingly. If you ever want to try to maximize your sleep schedule, try going to bed and waking up at the same time 7 days a week. I started around new years and haven't used an alarm since March. Humans are awesome.When I used a hammer and bell [alarm] I would wake up before it went off and stare at it in growing terror for a couple seconds before quickly leaping out of bed to disable itYour body got used to it, so it wakes up around that time, even if no alarm goes off.Still, keep using your alarm, just in casePlease check out [Circadian Rythm] Wiki will explain better than IIt is mostly an observation bias - 2 big factors in making it seem like you do this more often than not - 1: remembering waking near your alarm time is a stronger memory than the days when it doesn't happen. 2: There is a slight bias to already be well enough rested by knowing in advance that you need a certain amount of sleep and thus you strive to go to bed near your ideal "bedtime" so that waking near your "alarmtime" is more likely.
What happens to truck drivers when they're transporting consumable goods and they wreck destroying all of the content transported?	They have special insurance to cover the value of any goods being transported. Meaning if there is a truck hauling a tank of cement dust, and it breaks open and it loses it all, their insurance covers it, but then they pay higher premiums, like auto insurance.
As a heavy alcoholic why my hands shake when I'm sober but don't shake when I drink.	Alcohol works by altering the level of neurotransmitters, or making them work better or worse in your system. There are two kinds of neurotransmitters, inhibitory and excitatory. The inhibitiory kind are enhanced by the alcohol, and the excitatory are diminished. These alterations cause the nerves that are firing off your muscles to also calm down. This is why the shaking goes away, as well as the other calming effects that alcohol producesPSA: As already mentioned, a severe alcoholic suddenly abstaining from alcohol can experience severe, possibly fatal, DTs . It is not recommended to quit alcohol cold turkey. Seek professional help. Some hospital pharmacies will have a bottle of cheap vodka on hand. While usually used to treat antifreeze poisoning, it may also be given IV to treat admitted patients having seizures due to withdrawal. Alcohol is one of the few drugs where withdrawal can directly lead to deathyour alcohol has altered your GABA system, basically the "brakes" to your whole system. The constant alcohol in your system has taken the place of your GABA thus when you stop drinking, your body doesn't have enough of the naturally occurring molecule to switch the "brakes" on. When you drink again, the brakes get applied and you feel calm. Good luck, it takes a long time and is a hell of a ride to get back to normal. It can be done though.I find if I have a good meal I dont shake as much in the morning, And the hard stuff is worse for me than beer and wine, in particular white wine is good, red is not so much.I drink because I won't sleep at night unless I do and thats worse than trembling hands.
What is DNS cache poisoning?	So imagine you've got a massive phone book with everyone's names and phone numbers in. If you think you might need a particular persons number often , you might write a copy of Bobs number down on a sticky note instead of going and taking the time to find their number in the phone book each time. It saves you time and effort. This is your 'cache'. Now imagine that your evil house mate comes along and replaces that sticky note with a different one with the same name but a different phone number. Next time you go to call Bob, you don't bother with the book and just look at the sticky note that you thought you had. Only its been tampered with, and thus you end up calling someone else. And that person you call pretends to be Bob. Now without realising it you could be telling someone else something you only originally intended to tell Bob.
how come some random people start singing the same song suddenly which iam humming inside my brain	The song you have in your head may be a song you heard on an advert on the television - and many people watch TV, so they might have seen the same advert as you. It's the same radio and even some television shows. If there's a song on any of them that's catchy; it will have more than likely gotten stuck in some people's heads. Advertising companies use catchy songs to get you to remember the advert. So even if you thought that the advert had no affect on you, or you heard it in passing, you may find yourself humming the song.
How does the martian surface have pebbles?	Weathering still takes place on Mars, it just does so much more slowly than it does on Earth. That said, water is believed to have been active fairly recently in Gale Crater , and those pebbles may very well be water-deposited .
Why do most of African countries are still dirt poor despite having massive natural resources.?	* Corruption * Neo colonialism * Instability* Countries region vs ethnic region* Not so much arable land and generally global harsh conditions. You could check this [out.]Bad resource distribution, mismanagement, corruption, civil wars, etc. therr are a lot of ethnic groups even within one country with opposing views so long term stability is a hard goal', "Because of instability. There's no stable business infrastructure, or workforce to make use of the resources, so nobody can get to them.
Those websites that don't let you navigate away from, close, or go to a different page.	Web browsers have a few features that allow webmasters to program things to happen when someone tries to leave. They are intended to be used for good; for example, you have an online word processor, and if you leave before saving your work, it can warn you that it will be lost. But they can also be used for evil. It massively pisses off users, so no reputable site would do it, but many sketchy sites have no reputation to lose, so they use it for one last chance to try to sell you something. You may have to click "no" a few times, but the people that make web browsers are aware of this tactic, and after a few they give you an option to ignore any further attempts by the site to keep you there.
Can someone explain this effect where a camera picks up the "reflection" of the eclipse, but not the eclipse itself? (Video and images inside)	It's lens flare. Lens flare happens when you point a camera at a very bright light source, usually the sun. Some of the light from that source bounces around the lens, creating multiple images of the source along with rings, starbursts and other effects. A movie camera has a very complicated lens made up of many parts, so it can create pretty spectacular lens flare -- traditionally, directors and camera operators did everything they could to minimize lens flare, but these days it's often created deliberately to add atmosphere. Your phone has a very simple lens, so you're only getting the one reflection. The light source itself -- the sun -- is still far too bright for the sensor, so it's overexposed and smudged out so you can't see the eclipse at all. But the reflection is much, much fainter so you can see the shape very clearly indeed.
Why do fans cool us down if they're just moving the hot air around?	you make air hotter and wetter. Yes you, you stinky human. You're sweating. you're producing heat. These things move from you to the air. But they move slower, the closer you are to the heat and moisture of the air. Heat and moisture transmit more readily to the air the greater the difference. So the advantage of the fan, is it takes the hot wet air you've gone and contributed to, and moves it away. Instead you're left with new, cooler, dryer air. And so your body can move heat and wetness to it faster. Thus cooling you.
Why does my brain prefer songs that rhyme to ones that don't?	It's probably a lot more to do with how you identify rhythm in song. You like the once that rhyme because that adds to the rhythm of the song, and is easier for you to identify. The language center in your brain might be slightly larger than the music one
Why are eating disorders only classified as psychological?	An eating disorder--one of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder--is a psychiatric diagnosis. Food in an eating disorder is only the tip of the iceberg. It really centres on thoughts and feelings about control, self-worth, comfort, etc. The eating part is the result of the psychological part.
Why are dried spaghetti strands the length they are?	I always snap mine in half and so does eveybody i know. Why not make a half size version if many are doing this. Unless it really is just us
How come China population is so huge if Mao's Great Leap Forward killed 45 Million just less than 60 years ago?	China's population had been in the hundreds of millions for [centuries] before that. A lot of people died under Mao, but eventually they got things like food production under control, the [birth rate] spiked and people didn't die of famine, so you had huge population increases. In the end, their population roughly doubled over the second half of the 20th century, which isn't actually so far removed from the US, which saw it's own population grow by about 85% over the same period of time.It was large enough before that, that the natural population growth of the country overcame the loss.
How come playing a game in split screen doesn't destroy performance?	Yes, and a lot of games that used to offer split screen don't anymore such as call of duty and Halo. When splitting screens each display only is half the resolution as usual, which is easier to render. Also, many games actually cap the framerate when playing split screen resulting in a much less smooth game. Mario kart and Halo did this.
When you eat animal fat, how does your body turn it into human fat?	It's not initially human fat. Everything we eat is broken down by enzymes into smaller bits. Proteins become amino acids, and fats become glycerol and fatty acids . Any of those can be used by cells to make energy. The thing about fatty acids is that if they're not used by our cells to make ATP at the time we eat and digest, they can simply become fat in our body when they are moved to our existing fat cells.Not directly. Your body rips up your food into individual molecules, and then uses these molecules to build the parts it needs.
Why would people prefer life in prison without the possibility of parole, over the death penalty?	Everyone says, they would prefer dying over doing something. However, most people change their minds once death is an option_URL_0_ Nasrudin was caught in the act and sentenced to die. Hauled up before the king, he was asked by the Royal Presence: "Is there any reason at all why I shouldn't have your head off right now?" To which he replied: "Oh, King, live forever! Know that I, the mullah Nasrudin, am the greatest teacher in your kingdom, and it would surely be a waste to kill such a great teacher. So skilled am I that I could even teach your favorite horse to sing, given a year to work on it." The king was amused, and said: "Very well then, you move into the stable immediately, and if the horse isn't singing a year from now, we'll think of something interesting to do with you." As he was returning to his cell to pick up his spare rags, his cellmate remonstrated with him: "Now that was really stupid. You know you can't teach that horse to sing, no matter how long you try." Nasrudin's response: "Not at all. I have a year now that I didn't have before. And a lot of things can happen in a year. The king might die. The horse might die. I might die. "And, who knows? Maybe the horse will sing."', "They're dying slower, but only in the sense that every person is slowly dying. They still get to watch tv, read books, masturbate, exercise. The alternative is the vast unknown of death, which is scary.
When a orchestra conductor is waving around his stick while the orchestra is playing, why does he do that and Is there a method as to how he does it.	There is a precise reason. It's to keep time for the musicians as well as give cues to perform certain actions. While it is possible to have everybody keep time on their own, having a conductor to maintain pace, give cues, etc is helpful. At least it's how I see it when I would conduct.
Why don't police officers use rubber bullets?	Rubber bullets hurt, but they don't stop people who don't want to be stopped. Lead bullets do.
the point of changing your network's password if it can be hacked anyway.	What's the point of locking your door at night if someone can break it down or enter through the window anyways? Why not leave your keys in the car if someone can break in and hotwire it anyways? It's a deterrent. There's no point in a hacker to spend hours and hours trying to get into your home network when there's such little potential payoff if they were to break the encryption. So they're not going to bother. If it's wide open and it's zero effort, or you're using default passwords which takes them 10 seconds to look up? Then you're making it a lot more appealing.You can't "just hack" a network password unless you're using a simple password or an outdated encryption system like WEP. With modern encryption and a strong password, it would take decades for someone to hack itWifi Passwords can be hacked, but they can only be hacked with the proper tools. Changing them means that a Wifi thief has to rerun their program to infiltrate the password. It is also better, because all of those programs start with basic letters and numbers first. This is why that several years ago companies started requiring a "special character" in your password. This makes it harder to infiltrate.
What do the two guys in the middle of the bobsled do?	They contribute to the initial acceleration of the bobsled, and help steer by leaningI realize this is late, but figured I 'd elaborate for you all. There are 2 major categories for bobsled brakemen. Strong guys and fast guys. Granted, all of the world class ones are both, but depending on their sports background the individual might lean more towards strength over speed and vice versa. #2 guy gets in the sled pretty early. He's generally on the stronger side vs. speed side since he gets 1 less step to help accelerate the sled. The #3 guy is most likely the most well rounded of the 3 guys pushing the sled. This is because there is no one pushing the bobsled on that side with him. He's all by his lonesome pushing on the right side. This means he has to be both fast and strong. Sometimes this guy will push from the side in 4-man, but from the brakes in 2-man. The #4 guy gets the "sled out of the hole." There doesn't seem to be an agreed upon "size" or "type" for what makes a good brakeman. Examples: Curt Tomasevicz 230lbs, really powerful but not a lot of top end speed. Has a Gold medal from Vancouver. Chris Fogt, 215lbs, lots of top end speed and really fast. Holds the ice house record from the brakes in Calgary. Source: I'm a member of the US Bobsled & Skeleton FederationBecause it is impossible for only two men to carry a broken down bobsled in front of a cheering crowd as defiant tears of triumph fall down their cheeks.
Are the chewing sounds you hear while you're chewing magnified or what you actually sound like chewing?	Not really amplified, but directly routed into your ears by your jawbone. While in contrast to third parties they get dampened by the meat around your mouth so keep your pie hole shut while chewing. EDIT: also obviously the volume gets greatly reduced simply by distance, considering sounds drop of with a square function with distance.
What is "Cultural Marxism"?	Understanding any Marxist idea through its definition is tricky. What it means in practice is that any social concept or policy is focused on issues emulating two of the core concepts of original Marxist thought i.e. class struggle and exploitation. Also very importantly in Marxist thought the solution to the problems is always state control and regulation aiming at re-shaping the society rather than simply fighting the symptoms. This is why Marxism fits so well with : * feminists - men vs women, discrimination * green movements - capitalism vs nature, exploitation of resources , * race and minority activists - majority vs minority, discrimination. Now look at what sort of goals those groups have - promoting political correctness, forcibly changing people's preferences etc, changing how people view things - rather than just focusing on protecting those violated rights of minorities, women etc. That is in essence the translation of Marxian ideas onto cultural grounds. The claim that cultural marxists want to introduce socialism through back door as someone else stated here is incorrect. Socialism is just the expression of Marxist ideas in an economic dimension. Marxism went far beyond that - it was a comprehensive view of how society should behave. There was Marxist art, Marxist science, Marxist language a whole new Marxist reality. If you don't want to dig into sources take it from someone who grew up with Marx and Lenin on a huge poster in a classroom. Also if I can have a personal recommendation: avoid cultural Marxism like the plague. It's a deeply flawed ~~philosophy~~ quasi-religious movement that will produce the same disastrous results in culture and society as it did in economy. It's a very bad way of both understanding and solving very real issues. EDIT: formatting
I understand "heat" but what creates "coldness"? What makes up the cold waves that I feel when I put my hand near an ice block?	The temperature of the ice block affects the air around it. It cools the air immediately around it, which makes it more dense, and thus heavier, and it falls to ground. When it does this, it displaces other air. Meanwhile, more hot air has taken the place of the cold air, which becomes cold and falls. This creates a very small current of air around the ice block in very small waves.
How is a dead body disfigured after being submerged in water for a long period of time?	Typically, bacteria in the water rots in the body and emits gases. The gases usually bloat the body quite large, making it disfigured and smelly.Any word picture we can give you is going to be a lot worse than if you just looked a photo or even read a report on a drowning. \r\rGenerally after a very long period of time a human body in a natural body of water would be essentially a skeleton with some scrappy films of tissue stuck to the bone. Bugs and fish are pretty good at getting stuff clean. Less healthy bodies of water full of algae would leave the body looking like a overly ripe poached apple, all wrinkles and bulges.\r\rSide note OP are you writing for something and want to adapt any possible descriptions so you don't have too?
How can you "feel" someone behind or near you?	There's no special ability to detect people outside of your line of sight other than your normal senses. These may not always be immediately apparent to you, for instance you might hear a disturbance and turn to look and see a human. It's also reasonable there's a degree of confirmation bias at work. If you think something is near you, look, and nothing is there, you forget about it. If you look and there's an unexpected person, then it sticks out in your memory. If you don't notice a person, and don't look, then there's nothing to remember in the first place. Thus when you review your memory, you see a string of unfailing human detection that doesn't really match the reality.Be prepared for a lot of lazy explanations about auras/energy or other silly stuff. To "feel" someone's presence is likely based on tiny subconscious stimuli. Whether it be heat, sound, vibrations in the floor, etc etc. This isn't always immediately apparent as things are presented to our conscious brain in subtle and ambiguous ways. Hence that feeling of presence. It's not always correct either, see agency detection for further readingYou can actually sense a change in temperature due to body heat. You can also feel the lack of air flow. This is not sight. But it is perception.
Were there more serial killers in the 20th century or did the media just pay more attention to them?	Short answer is Yes. Longer answer is, not, really: We're only 15 Years into the 21th Century, so, yes of course there were more Serial Killers in the entire 20th Centuryas opposed to the 21th. But that doesn't mean that there will be less serial killers coming in the next 85 Years.
How did people get their hands on the terrain we live on?	Land used to be a free resource, just like air or sun light. When the first humans started traveling and settling around the world, they would pick grounds usually near rivers and settled there. Those grounds wouldn't belong to anybody as they would be the first ones there. After they've settled in and changed the landscape to their needs, they would need to protect them from others that wanted it. Once they've started to protect them you can say it belonged to them. At some point communities started to unite with each other and gather more ground to increase their strength in front of others that wanted the land. Started with tribes and ended up with the European Union . Long story short, all the land was taken by somebody . Across the history, getting new land meant taking it from someone else. That meant that the one with more soldiers or/and better guns would kill the other and take his land . Because people always want MORE or what others have, a free resource became a private one. If air could be occupied in the same manner we would be in big big trouble.
How come smoking weed for me intensifies my pain rather than masks it like it does for other people?	First off : you might simply be using the wrong strain. Different strains have different effects. It doesn't seem to be terribly clear cut - the genetics of sativa and indica strains have huge levels of crossovers, and are rarely exactly what they're claimed to be. But as a general rule look for an Indica as opposed to a Sativa . The other possible reason, is that you naturally don't get as much benefit from it as other people. For some people weed helps mask pain, especially if it distracts them. On the other hand, if weed tends to make you slightly more alert, and slightly more aware of what's hurting, it may make the pain more noticeable, albeit not "intensified". It's like the opposite of using distraction for pain relief.
Are there any disorders that involve an altered perception of the rate of time?	[This might interest you.] I know at the least some disorders cause you to "lose" time in the sense that you blacked out and can't remember what you did. I'm just adding useless text to my comment here because for some reason this sub thinks you cannot give a concise and meaningful answer. Must have long winded mods or something. I also think this might be better suited to /r/askscience.
Why do some people like a certain taste/smell while others don't like it (or even hate it)?	That's a product of education, upbringing, customs, flavors and food you are familiar with Also perseverance. Have you hear that "tonic water is an acquired taste"? You have to keep drinking it until you taste other things that the initial bitterness and end up liking it. And there are certain tastes that can only be noticed by the bearers of a certain gene. _URL_0_

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