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The first SHA1 collision by Google
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SHA1 is a hash algorithm. It takes some data, runs it through complicated math, and gets something like a fingerprint. You always get the same fingerprint for the same data, but you can't get the data from the fingerprint. SHA1 only produces a fingerprint of 160 bits . That's like 40 hexadecimal numbers long. There are only so many combinations of 160 bits. That means sometimes different data will have the same fingerprint. Ideally, it's should be nearly impossible to get a specific fingerprint *on purpose*. If you see a fingerprint, you shouldn't be able to figure out what data you need to result in that fingerprint. The only way would be to keep trying random data over and over until it matches. The guys at Google have done math wizardry to come up with a shortcut. Now it takes less time to find a matching fingerprint. Why does this matter? Let's say your password is "Dog123" and the hash is "ABCDF". Computers usually store the hash of a password and just compare it to the hash of what you typed in. Instead of trying all possible passwords until they get "Dog123", they can cheat and find out "ILikeDogs321" has the same hash. It's not your password, but since your computer only compares the hash it still works. You might also use a hash to verify the software you downloaded is the software you wanted. This method potentially allows someone like the NSA to insert a virus into software, but make it appear as if it's not been tampered with since the hashes match.
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why do people kiss mouth to mouth to express their love to each other, and has this method always been the way (if we don't count sex)?
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_URL_0_This video captures a lot of the reasons why we kiss, though kissing is hypothesized to be a learned behavior rather than an instinctual one. Mainly due to not all human tribes being documented as kissers, wherein it's thought that kissing may have originated from mothers kiss-feeding their babies. Another hypothesize is that kissing may in fact be instinctual considering animals such as the Bonobo and the Chimpanzee monkey kiss as means of social interaction. Kissing, by humans at least, is believed to be traced from India all the way back as far as 326 BC. The main reason why we kiss is because our lips house a lot of sensitive nerve endings, resulting in a wave of information being sent to the brain during a kiss; aka, it's a pleasurable feeling. The secondary reason for kissing is to swap pheromones and bacteria with potential mates.
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Why do we regrow flesh, but not bones
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We do regrow bone. When a bone breaks, bone cells regrow to bridge the break and heal the bone.
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Why do most public toilet doors open inwards?
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Bathrooms can be crowded. Don't want doors flying open and hitting people, or just being in the way in general.
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Why do robotic arms for amputees move so slowly? How can we make them faster/more responsive?
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We could, but the problem isn't the mechanical part, it's controlling the limb. There are a lot of different ways a prosthesis can interface with humans. Most of them are not accurate enough to allow faster/more responsive movements without destroying accuracy. Also, movements that require proprioception/some sort of feedback are a lot harder to do with an artificial limb.
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How does facial recognition work?
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Forget faces for a second and think about bar codes. A bar code scanner can scan along a line and identify when and where the pattern goes from black to white and vice versa, and derive information from the bars. Take this and expand it to a facial scanner. A facial scanner will scan a face looking for similar inflection points - where the cheekbones are, nose size, nose shape , brow height, eye socket size, etc, and come up with a data set that, hopefully, represents the face uniquely . If a scan matches a data set on file within tolerance, you have a recognized faceBasically it takes the characteristics of your face, such as: eye colour, lip shape, nose shape, chin width, cheek depth, jaw shape and compares it to the image it has of you. If it receives a mach above a pre-programmed certainty than it will accept that the image it is looking at is the same as the image it has in its storage.
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Why do we hear/learn so much about The Holocaust, but so little about other large genocides (Armenian, Cambodian, etc)?
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Mostly eurocentrism in history classes . The Khmer Rouge and the Armenian genocide are less important to Europe's history and that happens to be where history classes tend to focus.
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Why can't we have better umbrellas?
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What kind of crap umbrellas have you been using?Rain can come from varying degrees, depending on wind, making a complete water-shield difficult to make. The properties that allow an umbrella to repel water, such as making it out of hydrophic materials, may not be ideal for creating an umbrella that also repels ultraviolet rays perfectly.There are awesome umbrellas that can withstand hurricanes without breaking. You just can't afford them
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Why don't video games load when minimized?
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This has to do with how memory is allocated right? Imagine this, you only have two hands . If one hand is holding a banana and another hand is holding a stuffed animal, the painting behind you won't paint itself.
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Why do Racecars have a sequential gearbox and street cars don't? What's the difference?
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_URL_0_ Sequential gearboxes are very difficult to use on the street because they don't have synchromesh, or synchros. When a transmission shifts, all the gears are spinning at different speeds relative to one another. Synchros help this along, so you don't have to be a professional driver to drive a manual. On race cars that don't have synchros, usually the engine is designed to work in tandem with the gearbox to cut power to the engine while shifting to match engine speed to gearbox speed. Racecars also use straight cut gears, because regular gears are [helical] meaning the teeth are angled. When a transmission is taking torque from the engine, the angled helical gears are trying to push the gears forward and backward instead of spinning them. To combat this, designers made the transmission cases heavy and thick, which added a lot of weight. Straight cut gears solved this problem because they don't push the gears forward or backward, they just spin them. Because they don't get knocked around as much, racing cases can be much slimmer and don't need to be as strong. Though, straight cut gears also make shifting much more difficult for the everyday driver.
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Why do only some plants make tea?
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If you want to be proper about it, you can only make "tea" from [Camellia sinensis]. All your other \'herbal teas\' are called "tisanes". You can take pretty much any plant, dry it & cut it up & then soak it in hot/boiling water. If you want, you could try drinking it. The problem is that not all of them are going to taste good & many of them will be poisonous. The stuff we make tea out of are the plants that taste good, are safe to use and/or have desirable medicinal effectsAny plant can be used to make tea, and many are used to do so.
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When an ant bites me, is it because it's constantly biting every surface it walks on, or does it know that it's on a living thing?
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Ants bite because they feel intimidated or that the nest is in danger, even if it's not in danger in YOUR mind, the ant doesn't know that you're not a threat, and will bite and sting in defense. The ant does know that you're a living thing, but it doesn't know that you're not a threat.Ants bite anything either edible or a threat. If you stick a piece of straw into the hole of a nest, you will pull it out with a bunch of soldiers attacking the bloodthirsty piece of grassIF it is a fire ant they bite you no matter where you because they are the assholes of the ant world and live with a chip on their shoulder, on the other hand harvester ants we have out here in west Texas if you are not messing with their nest will crawl right over you with out a care', "I saw an ant eat a rattlesnake. actually it was like a thousand ants and the snake was already dead and placed on top the fire ants' home. Reduced to bones in 24 hours.
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How does the mothers stomach "deflate" back to normal after giving birth?
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Simple answer over a number of weeks it will start to recede, but there is the risk of stretch-marks on the stomach where the skin has stretched to accommodate the baby and then is no longer as taut as it once was when it recedes back. Suffice to say that during labour the biggest thing stretching her 'stomach' comes out, shortly followed by the placenta/after-birth . That ends the point when most of the volume has been displaced but it still takes several weeks for the stomach to recede fully and it often doesn't fully get back to where it first started pre-pregnancy .
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If someone touched our internal organs, would we be able to feel it like we do our skin?
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Not really. They tend to lack the nerves that we use on our skin to feel. For example, brain surgery can be performed on a conscious patient with little anesthesia because the brain doesn't register sensation on itself, if that makes sense. That being said I believe some of our internal organs do register pain, so it would probably hurt a lot.
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The A not B Error
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Not entirely sure what you're asking the error _actually_ is the child picking the wrong box - namely the one it had learned before - instead of the one it saw the toy disappear under. It means that it doesn't understand that the object is hidden by the box; it works only from the previous experience "picking box A produces a toy".
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What do pharmacists actually do besides moving pills from one bottle to another bottle?
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I have a pharmacist friend and I wanted to know this once, too. Their role is not of any particular service directly to you. Yes, they can give advice, and yes, they're educated in medicine interactions, but that's almost entirely not important. Most of the technical work is done by computers. There are too many meds and too many combinations for a pharmacist to be effective except for the most common of combinations. What they are good for is consulting with your doctor. Your doc will assign you stupid drugs and combinations because that's not where he specializes. The pharmacist will call them back and sort things out. They are also good for bitching and fighting with your insurance company. There is a lot in that department you don't know is going on. Long story short, your insurance company is a corporate dick enterprise. And for that, I thank them. Pharmacists also act as a boundary between doctors and pharmaceutical companies. That way, a doctor isn't going to prescribe you shit you don't need and get kickbacks. Finally, there is only ever one pharmacist on the clock at a time, the rest are techs. The pharmacist is the one that has to sign off on every prescription. They are the ones with legal responsibility for what you get.
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Can needles and vials that have been discarded after medicinal uses (for example, immunizations) be recycled, and if not, why not, and what happens to them?
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You wouldn't want to directly reuse them because when you stick them into someone you might contaminate them with whatever diseases or infections the patient has. You might be able to reuse them if you sterilized them first but this usually isn't practical. The cost of a hypodermic needle simply isn't high enough that it's worth going through the effort to sterilize and reuse them. You could recycle them and melt them down for the metal and reuse that metal to make something else. But, there simply isn't much metal in a needle and so it might not make sense from an economic perspective to recycle them.
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What is the difference between real time notifications and push notifications?
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with real time notifications, the device constantly checks the server to see if there is something new. With push notifications, the server sends a notification to the device that there is something new, prompting it to download it. push notifications are usually preferred, as it doesn't constantly check the server it is connected to, using less data traffic. This is particularily useful on mobile units with limited data plans.
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The difference in scale between the first flight and the moon landing compared to the difference between the moon landing and a manned mission to Alpha Centauri?
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The moon is about 238,900 miles away. If you were to drive there , at, we'll say around highway speeds, 70mph, it'd take you about 142 days to get there, or almost 40% of one year. To get there today, you'd have had to have left around November 29th of last year. If you were to drive the same speed to alpha centauri, it'd take you about 42 million years. To get there today, you'd have to have left when Antarctica had rainforests, the animals of the world were filling in the niches left by the extinction of the dinosaurs, the poles were temperate, and Greenland had crocodiles. The oldest estimates for anatomically modern humans tend to run around 200,000 years ago, and that time is 210 times older than that. edit: Removed a bad calc.From the Earth to the Moon is 238,900 miles. That is a pretty long way right? Well from the Earth to Alpha Centauri is 4.367 light years which 1 light year is 5.879x10^12 miles. So Alpha Centauri is 25,672,000,000,000 miles away. Roughly 1:100,000,000 ratio.To accomplish a moon landing, all you need is equipment and personnel that can survive a harsh environment for a few days. For a manned mission to Alpha Centauri, you'd effectively need to create a self-contained world that could function indefinitely. To put this in perspective, Voyager 1 is about 20 billion kilometers from Earth. This is approximately 0.25% of the way to Alpha Centauri. It took Voyager 1 40 years to reach that distance. So it would likely take 20,000 years or so to reach Alpha Centauri. There would also be significant concerns over regions of space beyond the protection of the sun that would likely cause considerable damage to spacecraft.Flying to the moon is like you walking from one room to another. Flying to Alpha Centuri is like you walking from New York to California.
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How animals can evolve to copy colors around them into their own bodies?
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Say you have a species of some kind of wild predator. Let's say they're wolflike animals that live in a savannah like grassland. These wolves come mostly in dark browns and black. The dark brown ones are most likely to be able to feed themselves because they blend in to the tan grasses just a little bit better. Their prey can't see them coming, and they can hide from enemies better too. Over many many years there get to be fewer and fewer wolves that are black because they aren't as good at surviving and therefore aren't as good at breeding as the brown ones. Genes aren't perfect; they mutate randomly as the generations go on. Some of these mutations may be detrimental: albino individuals stick out like a sore thumb to prey and so aren't as likely to contribute to the gene pool, and short-legged wolves might be too slow to catch prey, etc. One random mutation we get that is useful in this case is that occasionally a pup is born who is tan in color. Just like before with the brown wolves being better than black, the tan wolves have a leg up over the dark wolves.
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Can URL's be written in other alphabets?
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Yes, it is possible. You can make a URL in the persian alphabet if you want. All UTF-8 Characters are supported. If you don't have a persian keyboard you need a virtual keyboard to access it. However, you have to be clear about the definition of URL. The following line is a perfectly 'valid' URL. file://users/me/chinese/漢字 I suspect you are more interested if it is about internet. When you surf to a website the URL looks something like. _URL_0_ * Clearly the http:// is fixed.* You have less freedom in the domain name. . But ICANN are experimenting with international characters. But in principle reddit can create subdomains with exotic characters.* /r/eli5 is called the path. The owner of a website can create a path that contains chinese characters. An example Suppose you could create the 漢字-subreddit. If reddit would allow such a name you could acces the subreddit at both URL'S. 漢字._URL_1_ www._URL_1_/r/漢字 **HTML**If you press ctrl-U you see the HTML source. In one of the first lines you'll find something like charset=UTF-8 The designer of the website can choose the desired character set. If he chooses a character-set that supports other alphabets. He can write your website in other alphabets. **TL:DR; YES!!**
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Aren't there any noise-cancelling headphones or earpieces Brian Johnson could wear and still perform?
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Not at our current technology levels. Noise-cancelling headphones work by analyzing the noise around you and then emitting the same noise but out of phase in order to cancel out the sound waves. This works when the noise is a constant, predictable pattern as the analyze-and-emit part of the headphones needs a few seconds to work its techno-magic. So that doesn't work in the case of being in the center of loud music, where the noise levels will constantly shift in pattern and intensity. Plus I imagine there's upper-limits to how much noise they can cancel, and rock shows are *very* loud. Simply put, the headphones wouldn't be able to keep up with the music.
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Why do we capitalize the beginning of sentences?
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**TL;DR: It adds a lot of visibility to the hard-to-see period and double-space for sentences that are starting in the middle of a big paragraph.** In most fiction, standard English novels are divided into chapters/sections, and those into paragraphs, and those into sentences. All of these transitions benefit and make a book more readable if there's a very easy visual way to identify them. Chapters are often organized around a thematic breaking point, such as a change in location or the passage of a little time or the transfer of the point of view from Character A to Character B. Usually new chapters get a new page, a unique header, or both, and those are highly visible. Paragraphs break apart dialogue and descriptions. You start a new paragraph when a different character starts talking, or when you've described something like an event or a place or an interaction across one or more sentences and it's time to move on to the next topic. Usually, paragraphs start a new line and are indented a bit, and that's highly visible too. Sentences are a part of a simple or complex thought or description, sometimes short and sometimes longer. You tell when a sentence ends by THREE indicators: when you see a period, a double-space after that period, and capitalization of the next word. There's THREE, not one or two, because there's often quite a few sentences jumbled together in larger paragraphs and a period or double-space might not be enough to truly see it, particularly when reading quickly. So they capitalize the first letter to help some more. We didn't always have sentences so clearly illustrated in our literature. Some medieval texts have no periods or stops of any sort and they're incredibly hard to read.To make it more obvious that it is the beginning of a new sentence. It prevents having to differentiate between a period and a comma to know for sure.
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Do Canadians have the same rights and freedoms as Americans?
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The US and Canada have different legal systems. While many rights and freedoms overlap between both countries you should never apply any legal advice regarding the US into the Canadian system.In general, your rights when dealing with the police here are similar to what exists in the US. There are significant differences though. Whenever this sort of question comes up, I like to refer people to the [Canadian Civil Liberties Association's guide] to this subject.
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What is a scientific explanation for "The Hum" phenomena that the low-frequency, unexplainable noise that is heard throughout the world?
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> What is a scientific **explanation** for "The Hum" phenomena that the low-frequency, **unexplainable** noise that is heard throughout the world? You just answered your own question. There is currently no explanation.
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How does Estonia have relatively low income inequality despite having a flat tax?
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Estonia, and a lot of former Soviet countries have a lot of foreign direct investment, so the insanely rich people benefitting from their economy are in Germany and Sweden. Also as part of the conversion from Communism, many employees of those countries received shares or other forms of equity or profit sharing in the companies they worked for, helping distribute income. Estonia also has a land and property tax system which offsets the flat tax on income, so you pay less on income taxes, but if you own rental properties or factories or other things like that, you'll be paying tax, while in some places like the US often large tax breaks are given to encourage that type of thing. The small size or Estonia also plays some part, with only 1.35 Million people 'The top 1% of the top 1%' is like 100 dudes, and those dudes are very likely to leave the country.
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why do cheap restaurants often only have canned soda for sale instead of fountain soda, when the fountain soda has a much higher rate of return?
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There is only a higher rate of return if you have a lot of customers purchasing it. There is a lot of overhead cost that goes into fountains that isn't there with cans. I'm going to pull some numbers out of the air just for example purposes.Say it costs $1000 for that machine, $25 for the syrup and, I don't know, $5 for the cups.That means the restaurant has to pay $1030 right now. If they just go to Walmart and buy a 24 pack of canned soda, that costs $12 right now . So, now the restaurant opens and say their first week they make $27 in soda sales . If they have sufficient capitol, this isn't too big of a problem for the soda fountain guy because eventually he'll see a return on his investment . At that point, he finally starts to actually see profit off of the soda fountain. If you don't have the length of a pregnancy to wait to see profits then that soda machine is going to seem like a bad investment to you.It has a higher rate of return, but it also has a much higher up front cost. Cheap restaurants might not have the capital needed to buy one when they first open, and are saving up until they can afford to.Because they don't have the money/space to install a fountain. Or they don't sell enough pop to want to have to worry about maintaining it/changing syrup bags/cleaning/etc.A fountain requires a largish initial investment, and often a contract with a soda company. Cans require a trip to the grocery store.
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When taking a bath, why doesn't the water feel as hot to my hands than it does to my legs/body?
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The palms of the hands have thicker skin than the rest of the body. Also the hands are always exposed to the elements and so desesitized to temperature. It probably also has to do with hot/cold receptors in the skin as wellIf you wore gloves all the time this would not be the case. Your hands stay exposed more than almost any other part of your body
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- Why does stepping on Lego hurt so bad?
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It's smaller, so the pressure doesn't get distributed across your skin. Smaller, sharper objects tend to hurt more. It doesn't help that LEGOs are almost completely edges.
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Since there are foods proven to prevent cancer, why aren't they prescribed as part of the diet for cancer patients?
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Firstly, there are no foods that have been proven to prevent cancer. There are foods that have been associated with a lower risk of cancer. Secondly, there's no point in preventing something that's already happened. Something that reduces the risk of something isn't the same thing as a cure once you have it, in much the same way as putting a fireproof suit on a burn victim will heal him.You have a false assumption. There are no foods proven to prevent cancer. There are foods that seem to make the risks of cancer lower for some people, but it does not work for all people and they are not sure what components of the food make it seem to work for people. Even if they did prevent cancer, preventing something is not the same as curing somethingUsing brakes before hitting the wall prevents your car from crashing into it, but will not repair it afterward.Preventing cancer and curing it are very different concerns. Staying away from people with the flu is a great way to avoid getting the flu, but it's not going to make you feel any better if you're already sick.
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Why only some people get spontaneous nose bleeds?
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Humidity can affect the capillaries in your nose and if the air around you is too dry the mucus surrounding your capillaries can dry up exposing your capillaries more', "The nose contains many very very small blood vessels called capillaries. There are many of these all over your body, but the nose is a very sensitive area. It's pretty easy to accidentally break those capillaries, and they are easily affected by dry air or even sneezing too hard. There is a genetic condition that leads to even weaker capillaries, but it is extremely rare - if you don't have many family members getting random nosebleeds there's no reason to look into it.
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Why does steel wool burn so quickly and easily?
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Steel wool burns *relatively* easily for steel because it has a lot of surface area so it heats easily and most importantly can be exposed to lots of oxygen. If you came here from the gif though it's a bit misleading. Either through editing or luck, that wool was a lot cleaner than most. This is a more typical attempt._URL_0_
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is the world really having more instances of violence and terrorism or is the media just creating that illusion?
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More instances on what sort of timeline? The world is probably the least violent it has been since the beginning of written history. However, over the last year or so there has been a slight uptick in violent behavior. We're still nowhere near the levels we were at 100 years ago. With regard to ww3. Personally I think it's already happening and the future will look back on the time period starting with the first Gulf War as one continuous conflict. But that's purely speculative on my part.
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How are big items loaded in to a submarine.
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The normal accesses to the boat are removable, making a much larger hole for loading items in or out. Anything larger than those openings require cutting and welding the hull.This is my favorite question I've seen all day Reddit's curiosity never ceases to amaze me. They plan those things before they finish the sub. They could also probably dismantle the fridge and put it back together inside the sub. Or just specially-designed things that can be taken apart.There are special tube ports for loading the torpedoes. The refrigerator components can be assembled inside. Submarines have changed over the years. The limit on mission is often the food. Large tin cans were stacked on the floor. Sailors walked on them until they were consumed. After everything was loaded potatoes were stored in one of the access hatches. If they went bad the smell was awful. Showers were very limited. The generator rooms were hot. There was a reason they were called pig boats. Nuclear submarines have a lot of power. So they can desalinate a lot of water. Much better dutyI would think it depends on what that big item is and where it is installed in the submarine. Replacing the nuclear reactor would require some serious reconstruction. A fridge on a sub is likely a custom fridge assembled from modular components that fit through a hatch.
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What is so special about mitochondria that allows respiration to be so efficient compared to the efficiency we can achieve when burning fossil fuels?
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Less energy is lost as heat because the process traps energy in chemicals, which are then used to energize processes on a molecular level, rather than using the heat as the energy of the system to move mechanical components. Most real-world engines lose energy due to friction and heat loss to the environment. Respiration minimizes energy losses to heat. Respiration isn't 90, 70, or even 50 percent efficient, it just gets much closer to the real-world maximum efficiency, which is about the best you can hope for in a cellular environment.
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. What happens when rubbing alcohol expires?
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The alcohol itself will tend to evaporate past the cap, lowering the percentage of alcohol to water. Also, it can start to leach the plastic from the walls of the bottle.Things have expiration dates because **everything in that category** has an expiration date. Rubbing alcohol is considered a drug/medical supply and, as such, is mandated to have some sort of expiration date on it. While it could potentially evaporate or whatnot, it's not really significant. The manufacturer just puts a date on it to comply with the law.When exposed to the atmosphere the isopropanol can form peroxides, now its also likely the reagent will become more acidic and water concentration in the product will increase. I’m sure with a bit of internet research you can find a solid answer but as a new chemist Ive only ever had to be concerned with peroxides forming in bulk drums of it which we use up within a months time so it never has tested positive on the peroxide strips. Sorry I’m not too specific but formation of peroxides is def a possibility after air exposure unless its kept under nitrogen gas storage so the small bottle in your cabinets is more likely to experience degradation. With it being so cheap at the pharmacy you should just toss it and buy a new bottleThe dates on most products have no legal meaning, they are generally chosen by the manufacturer for their own reasons . I don't doubt that rubbing alcohol undergoes chemical changes over time, but I doubt it expires on a time-scale relevant to you.
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Why do old movies often have a single hair in the frame?
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This is likely a fault that is introduced either during the copying of a film, or during the telecine that converts a film onto tape or a digital format for television. Some of these telecines are done very cheaply, allowing faults like that to remain.
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Why do Walgreens and CVS, two nearly identical pharmacies, so often set up shop across the street from one another?
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It's often that those locations are areas that are convenient for shoppers to access, and thus the benefit they get from being near major roads or a commercial area outweighs being right next to their competition.How many times have you seen a major intersection with gas stations on all 4 corners? The answer is there is sufficient market demand to support both stores. There used to be a starbucks across the street from a starbucks. _URL_0_ Management must have run the numbers a few times over the years, and felt running two locations in close proximity was worth the added expense.
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How does YouTube determine when to play ads?
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They haunt the people without Adblock with ads until they decide to download it. It's all a big ploy
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How does an emulator work?
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The trick here is that you have to emulate the original hardware, and that's why you usually need high specs in the computer were you're running the emulator. You need to run the Switch OS on an enviroment that the Switch OS believes is the actual hardware, chip, memory, input/output devices. You don't need to make an OS, what you need is to build/have the actual hardware. Hope this makes sense. The problem is not building the OS, the problem is building the hardware where the OS runs.
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Does the use of numbers and special characters in passwords actually make them more effective than longer, simpler passwords?
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Cracking passwords is hard, theoretically it can take millions of years. So, if you want to guess a password, you 'd start with e.g. english words, or already known passwords , just because that is what most people are using. If you have more time , you 'd probably try letters and numbers, because humans tend to use those the most. Cracking an 10 letter password with special characters is not often worth the effort, but neither is e.g. a combination of 4 random words . I 'd say, both passwords you gave as an example are pretty secure for most things, but the first one would take a lot longer to guess just because of its length. Edit: Reddit, you disappoint me! _URL_0_simple, adding another slot adds exponentially more combinations than adding another character the formula is all follows Number of Permutations = nPk = /!) n = number of characters k = number of slots _URL_1_ So Say I had to come up with a 5 character password with ONLY the 26 letters of the alphabet I would do this: /! = **7,893,600** combinations now if I had SIX slots that number would be: /! = **165,765,600** combinations Now for simplicity sake say I added 20 special characters to my existing 26 letters of the alphabet still with five slots I would still only have /! = **164,490,480** combinations or about 1.5 million less combinations than I would have from just adding another slot to my original 5 slot password
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Karnaugh Maps. I don't get them.
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Well, it sounds like you understand how to construct one, and maybe even how to use it, but don't understand why it works? To put it simply, when you draw circles around areas on the map that are the same, you are graphically doing algebraic simplification. For example, imagine a truth table where one column is all 1's, and everything else is 0's. That means that the 1 states are completely defined by the variables that define that column, and the variables that make up the rows don't matter. They cancel out of the equation. To illustrate this, let's make a 4 function K-map, where AB are the columns and CD are the rows. Set the following states to 1, everything else to 0: ABCD = 0000 ABCD = 0001 ABCD = 0011 ABCD = 0010 This is the same thing as saying the output state is 1 if and only if 0000 OR 0001 OR 0011 OR 0010 When you make this map, you'll see that the leftmost column is all 1's, and the output state is 0 everywhere else. So we know that the output function is simply 1 when A=0 AND B=0, and it is 0 at all other times. We could have figured this out from simplifying this using Boolean algebra. We decided before that OUTPUT = 0000 OR 0001 OR 0011 OR 0010 So let's simplify it: OUTPUT = AND Since the stuff inside of the right covers all possible states of CD, it is always 1. OUTPUT = AND OUTPUT = OUTPUT = AND
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Why does the iPhone 7+ have 2 front cameras?
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It doesn't, it has 2 rear-facing cameras. One is the normal 28mm focal length and the other is 2x at 56mm . This simply means you have a lens that is more "zoomed" in without losing quality. [This should help]. So, you can see 2x as far without cropping. They aren't the first, I forget the phones, but one has a normal one and a super wide angle fish-eye and a different phone has a second identical camera that's monochrome , this allows it to capture more detail by overlaying the color information, so color accuracy is the same but there is more detailThey have different lenses, so one of them lets you double the zoom level without losing image quality.
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Why is Reddit composed mostly of male, middle class liberals?
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Reasonable conjecture: Because young teenagers tend to be more liberal. Also, reddit draws a lot of focus towards technology related issues, which men are on average more interested in. Finally, middle class americans have more free time to blow on reddit then lower class americans. Also, upper class americans are less numerousThis is a very broad generalization based on a very small sampling, but in my personal experience, the Republicans that I know who have tried Reddit get bored / annoyed very quickly. They're not interested in "discussion" or "dialog" or "the conversation". Reddit looks like a giant mess to them, and they're more interested in easy answers anyway, ones that they already agree with. They're right, you're wrong, there's no point in talking about it. One of them hangs out of some of the more obscure gaming subreddits, but that's it. I couldn't get one of them to spend any time on here at all, even on /r/Cincinnati which is a town he's ape about. TL;DR - Repub friends think that all of Reddit needs a TL;DR that agrees with them.This is a faulty assumpton. Honestly there are a lot more women than you'd expect. Also, the UK, and most of Europe is fairly active on here. More than I've seen I'm sure. I only notice because they talk funny. Also, what makes you think they are all middle class? Certainly you could expect a bias towards people who can afford an internet/cell connection, but that hardly tells me their income. Unless you've done a survey, I'm not sure your assumption is accurate.
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Why isn't cold water cooling a "thing" for houses?
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One major problem is condensation on the radiators. You would need a drain pan beneath each one and drain tubes running to the outside or house sewer pipes. Central AC has a single drain. Window units drain the water outside. Plus you would need fans on the radiators to get effficient coolingYou can in fact buy this. It is called a *ductless* or *split* or *mini split* air conditioner. It delivers cold fluid from an outdoor cooling unit, to an indoor blowing unit. Here are some. _URL_3_ _URL_0_ _URL_1_ _URL_2_', "This is a thing, it's used in every large building you have ever been in, like every hotel, convention center, auditorium, etc. Your home system uses freon in a pipe running between a compressor outdoors and an air handler inside your house. That's probably only a distance of 50 feet or so. Imagine you had a 500 foot run, that would be ten times as much expensive freon you would have to pump into it, and ten times as much to replace if it sprung a leak. So instead they just make that same 50 foot run to the indoors, then they use the cold freon to chill down water to 50 degrees or so. Then they can pump that chilled water anywhere in the hotel and use it to cool down whatever needs cooling. If there is a leak in that piping all you are losing is a bit of water, not a lot of expensive freon gas. But it ads another layer of complexity with an additional water system and lots more piping. So, it never caught on in residential. Could it be done? Sure, but it would be spending money for no good reason, the all Freon system is well developed and relatively inexpensive.
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Why is it that Bolivia is almost always a N/A country in data maps.
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i have some theories1. like you said they are no interested in participating in SOME stadistics 2. the company is not interested in studying bolivia 3. the reseachers cancelled / could not finish the research
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Why are vehicles capable of going faster than the fastest speed limits if they're not intended for racing?
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It has to do with engine's optimal running temperature. If an engine's top speed is limited to 55 miles per hour, that means it's usually running at 100% capacity just to meet the maximum highway speed limit. Over a long time, running at 100% capacity will result in a lot of wear-and-tear, overheating, and possibly meltdown of engine. If the engine's top speed is 120 mph, then running at 55 mphs is only like 50% capacity, so lot less strain on the motor/engine. So the engines are over designed to allow for the average highway speed to be in the optimal zone for engine running efficiency. I agree with you though, electric cars of the future won't have this problem of optimal running efficiency, so they can be designed to have limits on speed without affecting motor longveity/durability/efficiency/.
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How does counting work in base systems higher than base 10? Or is base 10 the highest number system we have?
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We use base 16 when programming computers. In order for that to work, we need 16 different "digits" - so when we run out after 9 we use letters of the alphabet. So if you're counting in base 16, it goes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, c, d, e, f, 10. "10" in base 16 really means the number 16, the same way "10" in base 2 means the number 2. Likewise, "100" in base 16 means the number 256, or 16x16. Really you can have a number system with any base you like. The "base" just means how many digits you can count through until you have to roll over to the next place.Bases higher than 10 use letters ). For example, counting in base 16 goes like this: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 Hexadecimal is the highest frequently-used base , but any number can be used as a base. I can convert a number into, say, base 1,274,576,738 if I want to. BTW, [all bases are base 10]. ;)
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Why is it that people from different countries can play on the US national team?
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Dual citizenship individuals can play for either countrys national team. Sometimes players from countries with strong leagues chooses to play for a slightly weaker national team because, hey, at least they get to play in the championships. For example, there's usually a bunch of Canadian-Italians in the Italian national hockey team .
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How do Geologists determine where a dig site should be?
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I'm a civil engineer, but I work with soil stratigraphy so I can answer this. The history is important to determining what is in the ground, so yes, you are correct. Geologists also look at air photos to see if anything catches their eye. A lot of unique geographic features also mean there is a chance of something cool nearby. For example, diamonds are generally only found in things called kimberlite pipes, which are formed from volcanoes. After a geologist has identified an area, people are sent out of the location. Soil samples are taken, and analysed to see if it shows any signs that there might be something more. If the test results come back and it warrants more investigation, ground penetrating radar is used as well as boreholes. Boreholes are drilling in the ground and noting what comes back up. How do they know how much a mine will be worth? They can drill a bunch of boreholes and see the thicknesses of the layers, and combine that with some estimation techniques and some intuition and education, and you've got an estimate. In school I learned how to read air photos, but I haven't used it since. Nowadays I occasionally work with boreholes, and modeling subsurface layers, estimating how much stuff is in them, and if we can reuse it or have to dig it all up.
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In Space, how can we measure how fast spacecraft is flying?
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Don't quote mee but if you are in a ship from earth you would send a signal towards earth and if you already know how fast that signal is, you can calculate how much time for the signal would hit a receiver on earth and get back to you. For example you could send 2 signals to earth one minute between each other, the first signal would be your reference and the 2nd one would the one you calculate from
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How much info can a website glean from websites open in other browser tabs?
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Websites can't see what you're doing in other tabs, as that would be a major browser security issue. However, many websites contain Facebook "Like" buttons, or Facebook comments sections. If you're logged in to Facebook , the Facebook elements on those pages can see that you're logged in, and Facebook can keep track of what websites you visit.Generally no. A browser code cannot access another window tab .. unless that window/tab is opened by this window/tab's code. That's not how Facebook gathers it's data. They gather data because other websites embed Facebook code for serving ads and someone pays them to do it. So when you go to www._URL_0_, that site tells your browser to go run code from Facebook that records your IP, device, browser, and other info and that you visited _URL_0_
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Why is Wikipedia considered an "unreliable" source?
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Wikipedia is not a source. A source is where something is created. Wikipedia just collects information and presents in an easily usable format. None of the Wikipedia contributors create information just for Wikipedia. In fact, it's against the rules of Wikipedia to create information for the site. If you're asked for the source of some information, even if you first read about it on Wikipedia, Wikipedia is not the source. You need to cite the place where Wikipedia got the information from.It is becoming a lot more accepted than once before. As the previous comment said, it is user generated information, that anyone can access and modify, and a look back at some funny screencaps from the site suggest that this happens a lot for fun, and can be dangerous. A professor of mine once told me a student gathered a known constant for a presentation and the constant had been modified during the time he accessed Wikipedia, but changed soon after. Even though it was fixed quickly, that student still got the false information it had. Sadly, internet trolling/people who think they are correct have a fair bit of power over Wikipedia, making it an unwise info source. However, using Wikipedia as a gateway to reliable sources is a fairly good idea as the external links can usually be verified easierWikipedia is as reliable as any other encyclopedia . But when you are doing a research project, an encyclopedia is not a "source." At best, it is a good way to get familiar with the subject you are studying, and maybe point you in the direction of a few good sources. Actual sources are things like primary sources and academic sources . Of course, what a legitimate source is depends on what you are studying, but it is almost never an encyclopediaBecause anyone can make a change to an article. Not even an account is required to make changes to an article. However, Wikipedia CAN point you in the direction of reliable sources.
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What would happen if mosquitoes went extinct?
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[Nature: \'Ecology: A world without mosquitos\ "Yet in many cases, scientists acknowledge that the ecological scar left by a missing mosquito would heal quickly as the niche was filled by other organisms. Life would continue as before — or even better."', "Overpopulation probably but not much else. They're useless.As humans we do not rely on mosquitos for anything directly, yet we need other species of animals to survive as a whole. Mosquitos are great food for bats, and other insects, which are then eaten by other bats, insects, and birds. We would see a decline in the majority of the animal populationSpiders eat Mosquitos in the summertime. Would hurt their food supply.Well, I know that mosquitos are a HUGE source of food for many bats here in North America. I would wager that we would see a considerable decline in the number of bats. But that's just a guess, of course.There's a lot [biomass and food web links] tied up in mosquitoes and underwater mosquito larvae. *Views differ on what would happen if that biomass vanished. Bruce Harrison, an entomologist at the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources in Winston-Salem estimates that the number of migratory birds that nest in the tundra could drop by more than 50% without mosquitoes to eat. Other researchers disagree. Cathy Curby, a wildlife biologist at the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Fairbanks, Alaska, says that Arctic mosquitoes don't show up in bird stomach samples in high numbers, and that midges are a more important source of food. "We may overestimate the number of mosquitoes in the Arctic because they are selectively attracted to us," she says.*
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what are the little stars that appear on our vision sometimes?
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The retina lines the inside of your eye and is responsible for sensing light. The light sensing part are the photoreceptor cells that send signals through your optic nerve to your brain so you perceive that light. However, these photoreceptor cells can also fire from physical stimulus. The transparent gel-like fluid in your eye known as the vitreous can move around and press on the retina with quick movement or hits to your head. This will make your photoreceptor cells fire randomly so that you think you are seeing something but it shows up as spots. Likewise, if you stand up from a sitting or lying down position very quickly, your blood pressure in your head will suddenly decrease. This may produce changes in the eye that can mistakenly fire the photoreceptors, making you see stars. Seeing stars when you move your head too quickly isn't normal so you might want to check with an eye doctor just to make sure everything is ok.
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- why do the bubble in Guinness look like they’re going down?
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Actually they do go down. The bubbles in the center of the glass move up, creating a flow of the beer sort of like a hurricane. It’s shaped like a donut and the bubbles on the outside are pulled down and then into the center where they rise and form that awesome creamy beer headTo expand on other answers: 75% nitrogen, 25% CO2 is used, rather than CO2. To be dispensed correctly, Guinness uses a different type of coupler , one referred to as a "U System." This coupler has a restrictor plate in it which forces the nitrogen blend through small holes, decreasing the size of the bubbles and the nitrogen mix doesn't dissolve in liquid as easily as standard CO2. Since the bubbles are smaller and don't dissolve as easily, you get the behavior where the bubbles in the middle go upward, creating the corresponding down-flow along the sides. Additionally in regular beers, imperfections in the glass help to pull the dissolved gases out of the beer, which is why you'll see spots on the sides which seem to have bubbles streaming upward from them. With Guinness, taking into account the smaller bubbles and the content of the bubbles , the imperfections in the glass don't bring the gases out of the beer. So the smaller bubbles ride downward on the current created by the upward movement in the middle.
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why aren't films released at the same time worldwide?
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Part of it might be promotional - they want the actors at press events and on talk shows the week leading up to the release, and they can't be in two countries at once. Also, the films being released any given weekend probably differ in importance from country to country, and film studios take competition into account when they choose a date, and holidays/peak movie-going weekends can differ, too.
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What is fire and what gives it color?
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Fire is what we call the effect we see upon combustion. Combustion is the release of energy from a substance as heat. This is only one form of energy, and that's why it's possible to have varying intensity of temperature and brilliance, and reactions that give off energy more in, say, the IR spectrum . The color has to do with the frequency of the light energy being given off when excited electrons jump from a valence shell farther from the nucleus to one closer . Different elements have different valence electron configurations, which is how putting copper in a flame changes the colour to green. This is based off of my chemistry class, so I'm not a professional. I hope someone corrects me if I'm wrong, but I'm pretty sure I'm correct conceptually.
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How did countries determine what voltage to use in their electricity systems?
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NA was the first to set up power grids large scale. Europe and everywhere else started later, starting later allowed them to have access to more efficient equipment so 220V was the standard. It's to expensive and a hassle to switch from 120V to 220V so thats what your household is stuck with.
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- How pliable are our genes to simple short term activities?
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The short answer is some of them are very pliable but that the total number of such genes is still unknown. This works because genes have a whole suite of elements which form part of the gene but are not **directly** related to coding for the protein or enzyme that most people think is the usual product of the gene. There are *promoter* and *repressor* regions which are usually located close to the main coding sequence but "upstream" - that is if you read the DNA in order, you will encounter the promoter before the main portion of the gene. Promoters and repressors respond to a variety of triggers including chemicals, specific concentrations of chemicals and metabolic breakdown products . When one of these triggers reaches some threshold amount, the promoter/repressor exerts its effect on the main coding sequence. Now you might say that, with the entire human genome mapped, that it should be easy to figure out the promoters & repressors. Unfortunately that's not the case because sometimes the region is far from the main coding gene, sometimes it is not present at all and sometimes it actually forms part of another gene or there may be one promoter/repressor for a whole suite of genes. The possibilities are virtually limitless.
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Why are so many people against the trans pacific partnership?
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1) Secrecy. Even though it's in its final draft. No one outside senate can see it. 2) 500 people in 28 workgroups drafted it. 85% of them are corporate executives and lobbyists. 3) It's reported to have a section that allow corporations to sue governments for damages and over turn regulations. 4) Past experience. These type of secret trade deals always seem to be sweetheart deals for particular industries and not the public as a whole. Our last trade deal in Asia was with S Korea. S Korea agreed to buy our farm products in return for low tariffs on their exports. US agriculture industry made some money, but on the whole US trade deficit with Korea jumped 80%.
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What extremists are trying to prove backing their actions with religion?
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They aren't backing their actions with religion, that is what the western media does. They clearly state the geopolitical reasons behind their actions However very few people in the west want to hear that sad reality and instead scream "muslim and jihad" over and over until they drown out any intelligent discussion.
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If Israeli citizens cannot enter Saudi Arabia, what happens if an Israeli Muslim wants to visit Mecca?
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Jordan will issue temporary passports for Israeli Muslims going on the Hajj. I used to work with someone who did thatKnow a few Israelis that needed to go to Malaysia for business. They got special travel papers. $$$$$ > > > > religious persecutionWhen I went to Saudi Arabia I found out that if you have ever even been to Israel you cannot enter SaudiELI5 Um why is Saudi Arabia not letting Israeli citizens in?', "Follow up question. Can Israelis with a dual citizenship use their other passport to enter Saudi or other such countries? Let's assume they were born in Israel .I work in customs, Saudi is so anti Israel that shipments from Saudi have statements like " we certify these goods are 100% free of Israeli products"I heard Palestinians have the same troubles at Israeli checkpoints when they want to visit the next Israeli town to see relatives. Ask them how they deal with it.Is it also true that if you've been to Lebanon, you can't go to Israel?
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Christmas music really just seems to be the same 20 or so songs covered by 100s of artists. Why does no one ever release new Christmas songs?
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Nostalgia is a big part. [Our buddies over at XKCD point out] that the big chunk of christmas pop songs came out right then the baby boomers were born, making these tunes part of their childhoodChristmas music occupies this weird space in the musical industry. It's all about the songs and the tradition. It all stems from singing carols. The rest of the music industry is driven by the artists. "Taylor Swift's new album!" is generally how these things are advertised. New Christmas music does get made. There's *Believe* by Josh Groban, which is a "new" Christmas song. Relatively speaking. It was written in the last 20 years.I tried playing some more modern stuff a few years ago and immediately faced wholesale revolt from my family. Everything about the holidays is ritual, and tradition. It's not about new things, it's about doing the same old things. Occasionally new songs will make it into the Christmas canon, but for the most part tradition rules the holidays.
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How is it that creatures like octopuses don't ever sleep, when humans and other animals can't seem to function without it?
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Octopuses do [sleep] and in fact enter into REM sleep just like mammals. Although scientists haven't identified all the reasons why animals **must** sleep, we are closer to answers. We know now that part of the reason we sleep is to [clear out waste products] in the brain.
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Why does white bread crisp quicker compared to brown bread when toasted?
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It's made mostly from white bleached flour and is generally lighter in both appearance and density than most brown breads. The latter are generally coarser and heavier, and have more of the doesn't-burn-so-easily parts of the wheat grain in them like the grain's skin, particularly "whole grain" types of bread or most artisan types that can often be much denser. So it takes longer for them to heat up, reach the burning point of the material that's in them, and lose enough water content on their outside surface to show the charring.
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Why do Americans refer to the Republican Party as the Grand Old Party, when the Democratic Party is 16 years older?
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According to Wikipedia: > The term "Grand Old Party" is a traditional nickname for the Republican Party, and the abbreviation "GOP" is a commonly used designation. The term originated in 1875 in the *Congressional Record*, referring to the party associated with the successful military defense of the Union as "this gallant old party"; the following year in an article in the *Cincinnati Commercial*, the term was modified to "grand old party". The first use of the abbreviation is dated 1884. By the way, the Democratic Party is actually 26 years older, not 16 years older.
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Why did cell phones used to have external antennas? Why are they no longer needed?
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It has a lot to do with the carrier frequency between the towers and your phone. The antenna size is pretty much related to the frequency of the carrier wave that transmits the information. Old phones used stuff close to 900 mhz, systems now a'days use frequencies closer to 1900 mhz which allows for smaller antenna to be used. Changes in antenna design have also impacted their size. Old phones used simple linear dipole antenna designs , now a'days more complex designs are used which allow for the same intensity of signal while taking up less linear space.
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The psychology of fake martial arts
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It's essentially the same psychology behind a faith healer or any kind of communal magic. It's a low level mass hypnosis. They believe in his ability and thus when he strikes, they "feel" it. There will be different levels of belief, but as they see others take the magic punches, whatever belief they already had get's reinforced. A faith healer "heals" someone by the smacking on of hands , and it engenders a wave of compliance, so that others believe they are also healed. It's like stage hypnotism. Very rarely is the group on stage actually put under, but they believe they are, so they act like they are. I used to train with a guy who literally believed his martial arts training had given him the ability to read minds. Like, he quit sparring in tournaments because he thought he had an unfair advantage. He didn't, of course, but because that is part of what he was focusing on during his training, he believed that he had developed this abilityI really enjoyed watching the MMA fighter. Throughout the fight his body language seemed to say "you're sure you want to go through with this? OK, here we go"1) I think people blindly follow leaders because they want to feel like they belong and have meanings in their lives. These leaders provide them with purpose. Whether its a martial arts teacher or religion or whatever group people tend to follow and believe what is told to them. To question your leader would be the same as questioning your own belief system, your purpose, your reality which is very difficult for people to do. 2)I think the Master believed his own BS because there was no one to question his skills. His followers were buying into it, so he believed he really was that powerful. Sam Harris wrote an article about martial artists and the delusions that commonly emerge, even used the same video. Check it out: _URL_0_
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Why are we getting less rain as the oceans become hotter and not more?
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Who is "we?" Some places are getting less rain and some are getting more. Weather isn't one thing.Come and spend a week in the UK. If we get anymore rain they'll need to change its name to the Underwater Kingdom. It rains here waaay more than it used to. A month's worth in a day type of thing. I live in Glasgow and they've been upgrading the sewers for the past few years to increase capacity. Edit: Some of my massive dumps may be contributing to the sewer thing.
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do animals of the same species use different methods for bringing up their offsprings, just like humans do?
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Nearly every animal that raises its young will have its own take on the matter, even if the changes might be relatively small sometimes. Take cats, for example: One cat may decide the best hiding place to give birth is under the stairs, while another hides under the guest-room bed. One will let them fight it out, while another will make sure the runt at least gets a bit of milk. One will pretty much freak out when where all the extra food was going is discovered while another brings the furballs to meet her masters as soon as they can safely move about. Even what to chase, whether it's lethally cold to sleep outside, and what to idiotically chew on that they shouldn't will be taught to these kittens by example. Some of it is by necessity and some of it by choice: licking the salt off chips and then pushing them back into the bag is not something every kitten learns to do, but one or two of them may learn and keep the habit from mother! These may be small changes, but they make the upbringing increasingly different especially once the kitten's own inclinations and experiences are tossed in: you'll get different preferences as to whom they'd rather sleep on, the ones that eat cheese, the ones that vomit up grass every other day, the skittish ones, the one that jumps into the shower with you, the ultra-social one that quickly learns it can get pats and treats from everyone that comes into the house, the ones that completely ignore their job of chasing down flies, and so on and so forth. And that's just cats!
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why do so many people dislike rain?
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I actually agree with you, OP. I live in NYC, and I really like the way the city looks in the rain. It might have something to do with my name being Storm lol
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Why is it painful to move your leg after it goes numb?
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I assume you're referring to the pins and needles feeling? Your foot "falling asleep" results in pressure being put on different nerves or blood vessels so electrical impulses/nutrients and oxygen can't be sent to the limb. So when you adjust your position and relieve that pressure, the nerves start to function again. But it's like rebooting a computer, it doesn't all happen at once, so the pressure receptors and pain receptors go a little crazy for a few minutes until chemical equilibrium is restored. Just wiggle your toes to get the fluids pumping and will be over soon.This happens to me all the time when I sit on the crapper for more than 20 minutes. Hurts like a motherf'er after the numb feeling goes away.
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why does McDonalds coke taste different than all other Coke?
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McDonalds dispensed coke is made from a syrup that mixes with carbonated liquid when you activate the dispenser. Sometimes it tastes really off because they're getting to the end of the container of syrup and it's getting weak.Two things: 1) Each place sets their own CO2 to syrup ratio, so all places are a little different. 2) Ice absorbs aromas and smells from the air, so the mix of items that they are cooking and frying makes places taste different. Most restaurants soda comes in as just straight syrup and is mixed with CO2 on the fly. Not mixed beforehand. This is hall bar guns and soda fountains work. As a result the consistency can tend be off, to much or too little syrup on CO2 will change the taste slightly. Fountain soda also just tends to taste different than bottled soda which can taste differently than canned soda. I work for Pepsi and might drink a little too much soda in my life.
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Why do boxers get injured more often than Muay Thai/Kickboxers who fought more often?
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Boxing has a smaller target zone, so more hits to the same area. Especially the head. Boxing uses big fat gloves to protect your hands so you can hit full force, even when punching the head which would ordinarily break your hand. Without those gloves, they have to hit lighter. They can also hit other areas like legs to slow the opponent down in muay Thai. Watch an old match before the adoption of modern sized boxing gloves. A lot fewer head shots, more maneuvering, more body blows. Fifteen round fights were a lot more common than now. *** There may be other aspects, social ones as well. If fighting is your only way to prevent your family starving, you'll fight injured. Maybe social pressure to not acknowledge injuries and anyone who accepts a doctor stop is a wimp.
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why can't you drink an object floating in a glass of liquid?
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The object is floating in the water. As you tilt the glass to drink, the object continues to float in the liquid , which means the object will go up as you tilt your glass. This is why it's hard to swallow an ice cube, unless you take large gulps.
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I can't really feel the difference between -20F and 32F as much as I can feel the difference between 70F and 80F. Why?
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How cold it feels has less to do with the absolute temperature of the air around you and more to do with *how fast* heat moves out of your body into that air. See, your sense of temperature is all about something called *thermoregulation.* For reasons of chemistry, your body works best when it's within a fairly narrow range of temperatures —\xa0a couple degrees north or south of optimal. But your body can't just reach that temperature and stay there, because your body is constantly generating heat. In order to stay within that optimal temperature range, your body has to constantly dump heat into its environment. And what's more, it must do so at a more-or-less constant *rate.* The rate at which your body dumps heat into the environment depends on the temperature of the air around you, yes …\xa0but it *also* depends on *other* factors, like the humidity of the air and whether the air's moving . So how cold it feels out has less to do with how cold the air *actually is* outside than it does with other factors, like humidity and wind speed and how much heat your body is producing at the time and so on and so on.
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Why do some animals/humans stand still when something dangerous is approaching them?
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A lot of animals have pretty bad eyesight compared to humans. This means by standing still you can be harder to see. Movement though is easy to see even with poorer eyesight. Cars haven't existed for long enough for there to be a greatly increased change in behaviour if it'd be selected for at all. They still have to not be eaten by predators which is still the leading cause of death for animals. Cars don't kill that many.
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Why does scratching an itch feel so good, but the same pressure/force on a non-itch site feel painful?
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Scratching an itch makes it feel better because the scratches send more signals to the brain than the itch in that particular spot, and the feeling of the scratches distracts your brain from the itch. It doesn't hurt because you're focused on getting rid of the itch. Itching is essentially small amounts of pain signals.That fact that this is 11h old and has no comments make me want to study itchiness.
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Why would Snapchat turn down $3 billion dollars in cash from Facebook?
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Assuming it was purely a business decision: They're expecting their payout from holding onto it longer, either in direct profits or in a future offer, to be larger.
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What exactly is it that causes some women to die during child birth?
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Sometimes she dies from an injury which induces labour. These tend to be things such as a car accident, a physical assault, etc. But in general the actual cause of death is that they bleed out. Either the child is a breach birth, or they already have internal bleeding, or they have a serious wound and combined with the stress put on the body during labour, it just gives out.
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What is the sensation of spice? Sweet and sour are tastes, but what is spice?
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Short answer : It's pain. Spice comes from capsaicin stimulating receptors on your tongue. Those receptors perceive it as an irritant, which over time is associated as the taste sensation of spice. People with an insensitivity to pain can't taste spice, and in the same way, people who can't tolerate spice simply feel a lot of pain when they eat spicy food.
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Why are almost all songs played at major league baseball games played by an organ and why do they still do it?
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Baseball stadiums were originally built before they had audio systems. So to have music that everyone could hear you needed a loud instrument, and that is what an organ was. Even when they added sound systems it was still higher quality and less expensive to use an organ. It has now been used for so long that it is a part of the atmosphere/feel of watching the sport and expected as part of the tradition of going to the game. Few modern stadiums use a physical organ, and most use a synth organ either fully run by computer or played on an electric keyboard and then pumped out through the sound systemPipe organs are quite loud. They make a level of sound that can fill a baseball stadium. Back in the olden days this was more cost effective than the audio amplifiers and speakers of the time. Now it's just nostalgia for those olden days when baseball was "America's Pastime"Although pipe organ versions are still played out of tradition you will notice many professional parks play music. How much they play of each is just preference of the ball clubs. In basketball we are starting to see DJs that actually have a presence playing the music. Saw a profile on the Raptors official DJ the other night. He said the players let him know what they like and dislike but he gets to choose the tunes.They're actually called calliopes! It's a specific type of organ. It's the same kind of instrument as they used to have on carnival carousels. Calliopes became popular as a sport accompaniment because they were able to produce a large variety of sounds at a loud volume . Calliopes were favored over other instruments capable of the same thing because of their relatively smaller size to full pipe organs and because of its cheerful and somewhat silly tone. Like pianos, they could also play themselves with prewritten sheet music , so an announcer need only feed the right music in instead of playing out all of the music.
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How are new elements discovered/created?
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They take two smaller atoms and smash them together. If they can do it with just enough force and hit it in just the right way, then the two atoms will overcome the electromagnetic force, and the strong nuclear force will takeover, and bind all the protons and neutrons into a new nucleus. So if you take a titanium atom and smash it into a berkelium atom you can end up with a new atom of 119 protons. The new atoms tend to be highly unstable and often only last a fraction of a second, so detecting them is a lot trickier, what they often do is look at what types of decay the elements underwent , and verifying those observations against what the math is telling us should happen, and what previous chemistry experiments have taught us. But once one groups discovers a new element they will need their worked verified by an independent group of scientists to confirm if the results are real or not.New elements themselves are created in a phenomenon called Nucleosynthesis, Meaning through high energy nuclear events in the cosmic realm elemental nuclei and energy are simply fused together in a lot larger quantities than we can make ourselves, This gave birth to a lot more common elements that we know now such as magnesium and nickel. What you're probably referring to however is not as grandiose as that but rather lab-created, where we smash predictable elements into eachother to 'add everything up' for it to become a 'new' element. You can't just do this with everything however, some 'created' elements are unstable and therefor radioactive until they decay down into a non-radioactive element.
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Why is salt added to boiling vegetables?
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I'm pretty sure salt is added to boiling vegetables just for flavour rather than for some reason like this. If you boil something it *is* going to lose flavour into the water so perhaps it's to improve the flavour a bit to counteract that. That's why I add salt to boiling things anyway.
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Why do some webites hide the price until you add it to the cart?
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Manufacturers can enforce something called a "minimum advertised price" on their products through contracts with retailers. Basically, the retailers have to sign a contract that says they can't advertise the product below a certain price. Manufacturer's do this to ensure that their products sell at a certain price. It's particularly important for manufacturer's who also do retail, like Apple. Apple wants to sell iPhones in its stores for a certain price and wants other stores to sell iPhones as well, but not at a lower price. However, this only affects the advertised price. You can still sell the item for less as long as you don't advertise the lower price. When you click the item to put it in your cart, you can see the price because it's not longer an advertised price; it's the price you're about the be chargedThe manufacturers have agreements with retailers - including Amazon - that say that the item can't be advertised below a certain price. The receiver in that article, for example, has a retail price of $600. Onkyo may have as part of their sales contract that it can't be advertised for less than $550. Amazon has a lot of buying power, though, and the wholesale cost might only be $350, so they 've decided that it makes more sense to sell it for $425 or something. They are still making a profit on the item, so they are happy. But their agreement with Onkyo means they can't list it for that price, because that would constitute advertising. If it was a brick-and-mortar store, there would be a sign saying "ask for price"; the online equivalent to asking for the price is adding it to your cart. If you aren't ready to buy at that price, you can remove it from the cart and choose something else.You won't see this in Europe as Minimum Advertised Pricing is illegal in the EU, as any form of price fixing between manufacturer and supplier is prohbited by competition law.
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If an identical twin commits a murder, how does DNA evidence prove which of the twins it would be?
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It doesn't. But they don't have identical fingerprints, which can sometimes be used to differentiate which twin was at the scene. And there's other kinds of evidence that can be used. For example, if I had a twin who committed a murder in Fort Worth at 3PM and our DNA is there, but I have multiple witnesses and security camera footage showing I was working in Dallas from noon to 8, that points to her being the guilty party. The hypothetical twin might be able to mimic me on camera, but it's extremely doubtful that she could fool the co-worker and regular-customer witnesses.
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When I sleep in the sun, why is my vision blue when I wake up?
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It's because you 've been looking at red -- or at least your eyes have -- while you 've been asleep. If you close your eyes on a sunny day, some sunlight is still getting through the lids, and it's tinted red because that's the color that makes it through. Because your eyes have been flooded with red light while you're asleep, they get lazy and "forget" how to see red temporarily. When you open your eyes, for a while you aren't seeing red, and the effect is that everything looks bluish. It's very similar to the negative after-image you get after staring at something for a long time. Here's a classic [optical illusion] that demonstrates the effect.
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Why is there all this focus on advanced encryption/decryption technology but we still can't decypher some older things like the zodiac cypher?
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It's possible that the zodiac cipher is some form of one-time pad cipher, which is mathematically unbreakable. It's a cipher that has its uses, but is usually less practical than modern asymmetrical key ciphers that are still insanely difficult to break but easier to properly implement.
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How do Fighter Jets, packed tightly in a hangar, move without damaging one another?
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IIRC from when I was in the Navy, you need 5 people to move an aircraft. 1 to drive, 1 to walk at the nose, 1 at the tail, and 1 on each wing. Here’s a little video of moving an aircraft at night from the flight deck to the hanger deck of an aircraft carrier. _URL_0_', "They pull them with little tugs, and don't start them until they are all set up on the ramp.When I was in, there was an officer specifically in charge of mapping everything out using little model aircraft on a large surface with the various dimensions drawn out. They were up in the "control tower" overlooking the flight deck. They always knew which aircraft were ready for flight and what was down for maintenance, out for flights, etc. Most aircraft are designed with folding wings or propellers making it much easier to pack everything in. Also, there are various markings painted on to the flight deck to help keep things tidy.
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When you have to pee, why does the sound of running water make you have to pee more?
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Unscientific answer? Pavlov. You associate a stimulus with an action, so when you receive that stimulus, you act. Like you're 5 . Lets say you have a puppy. Every time you give the puppy a treat, you get a chair and pull it over to the cabinet so you can get the treats down from the shelf. When you give the puppy the treat, it uses drool in its mouth to soften the treat to eat it. After you give the puppy enough treats by getting them from the self with the chair, the puppy will think that anytime you move the chair over to the shelf, it will get a treat and automatically start drooling. When you associate the sound of peeing to the action of peeing, you eventually associate the sound of running water to the action of peeing, and it makes you have to pee.
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what's happening to egg whites when they whip from running to fluffy?
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Think of whipping up a sink of soapy water. The foam forms because of bubbles of air being trapped by the enhanced surface tension. Egg Whites are just like that but their surface tension is even higher allowing even smaller bubbles to be locked in. If you were to view the results under magnification you would see that its really just a very fine foam.A couple of things happen. First, you're introducing air into the mixture. This doesn't make them fluff up right away though. Egg whites are full of proteins, which are long molecules that are all sort of curled up into a ball. Getting air bubbles into the mixture causes them to uncurl so they can get tangle with their neighbors. This makes a network of protein that gives the egg whites stiffness, the same way they get hard when you cook them. All this time you've been whipping air into the mixture, but once the proteins denature it can hold the air bubbles in it without them just bubbling back out. That's where the fluffiness comes from: all the air getting trapped throughout the egg whites.
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Why do we get nauseated when we see others hurl?
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It's because humans originated as groups of individuals who often ate together. If someone vomited because of bad food, it was better in the long run for other people to vomit too, just in case they had eaten the same food.
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How is it that I've been writing for almost my entire life, yet my handwriting has barely improved since I was a child?
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Because you haven't practiced improving it. You've just been doing it the same way. I know people who have played golf for 40 years, they still suck at it. Because they just play. You _could_ improve your penmanship, but your would have to practice enough so that your muscle memory would use your new improved technique.
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What is an OpenPGP Public Key?
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Some forms of encryption, like PGP, use asymmetric keys. That is, for any person participating in messaging, there are two keys. You can use either to encrypt the message, and the recipient uses the other to decrypt it. The two keys are called public and private. The private key is secret; only you know it and you never give it to anyone else. The public key is available to anyone who wants it. I want to send a message to Bob. I use Bob's public key to encrypt it. Only Bob's private key can decrypt it, so no one else can read it. I want to send a message to Bob, and I want him to know it was from me. I encrypt it with my private key, and he decrypts it with my public key. This proves that I sent it. However, since my public key is known, anyone can decrypt it to read it. I want to send a message to Bob, signing it so that he knows I sent it but also securing it from any other readers. I encrypt the message with my private key AND Bob's public key. He decrypts it using my public key and his own private key. Only I can have sent it, and only he can open it.
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When my character in a first-person video game falls from a large height, I get the sensation of falling in real life.
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You rely significantly on vision to inform your brain about where you are, and your relationship to your environment . This is why you may feel the sensation of moving backwards if you're parked next to a large vehicle and it begins to pull away. If it fills your field of view, your brain interprets this as you moving relative to your environment . If the visual effect continued for a while longer, your brain would probably "check" against other senses like your inner ear/balance and determine you aren't actually moving, and it is you environment or at least your field of view which is changing. But for a little while, your vision can trick you into thinking you're moving.
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Why does salt cause corrosion on hard surfaces such as concrete?
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Salt lowers the freezing point of water and will allow liquid brine to fill tiny cracks in the material. Then as it becomes diluted the freezing temperature rises and the water will freeze, forcing the cracks open. Over time this will break down the surface of the material.
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Living vicariously through someone else
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I am assuming that you are asking about what the phrase means, rather than how to do it. Living vicariously through someone else means taking someone else's experiences as your own. An example of this is the situation where you wished you could travel to another country but can't. If your friend goes traveling and you spend time finding out where they are going, having them keep you posted, follow along on a map or on line, look at their posts and pictures, etc., you are trying to have the experience as if you were there yourself.
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Why does it seem Democrats support higher taxes, but Republicans support lower taxes?
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That's a fundamental difference between fiscal left and right . Left = bigger government, more regulation, more services, more taxes required. Right = lower taxes, lower regulation, requiring smaller government and fewer services.There are two classes of thought behind this. * Raise taxes higher on the "rich" to pay for social and infrastructure * Lower taxes rates, which will allow people to spend more. More money spent in theory generate more total tax. In practicality, it is more complex than the far left and the far right realize. Probably somewhere in between.
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[Biology] What happens to our bodies when we "warm up" before working out?
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Gets your heart pumping harder and dilates your blood vessels, which gives your muscles a fresh supply of oxygen. This increases their effectiveness, delays lactic acid buildup, makes your muscles more limber, and makes it less likely you will pass out.
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