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how does photons work?
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While this requires a lot of explanation, it's a bit of a long story. Photons are basically a particle which is massless, which means it has no mass, hence why it can travel as fast as it can. However, that doesn't mean we can't interact with it. The problem is that photons are always moving. Fast. Really fast. As fast as.. well, you get the picture. However, scientists figured out they can slow them down, and hence, recently have been able to stop them. This is kind of like trying to build something out of water. You can't. It's always flowing. But if you freeze it, you can then manipulate it into structures.
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Why do I seem to enjoy my music more when it's louder?
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Increasing the volume removes the background noise, so the only thing you hear is the music. Nothing to distract your enjoyment and no sounds from your surrounding add to your music.My guess, alongside with what others have stated, is that your brain will concentrate more on the louder music. Your brain devotes much of it's attention to really about one thing at a time. Ever caught yourself turning down your music in your car when you're trying to concentrate on a critical navigation point or when you need to pay closer attention to the road? Loud music isn't making the signs any less clearer to read.
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How does film finance work?
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Sort of like investing in a start up. Agents and marketers present a desirable package of talent: writer, actors, directors to the studios. Who then secure funding via their own accounts or by getting loans from banks. Then, the studio hires a production company or makes the film in house. They release the film to exhibitors . Then the returns come in and they repay the loan and hopefully turn a profit.
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What happens if the child of a US president wants to hang out with their friends?
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[There won’t be a hand held, a first kiss or a high school dance that the Secret Service won’t attend]They hang out with their friends. They're just protected by secret service. I 'd go to parties at Yale under Bush and Barbara would go out like any other college student. Detail would follow, stay outside the party for the most part, and I think there were 1-2 "student" agents providing close protection usuallyWas curious how many secret service agents were employed "The Secret Service employs approximately\xa03,200\xa0special agents,1,300\xa0Uniformed Division officers, and more than\xa02,000\xa0other technical, professional and administrative support personnel."', "There's actually a really interesting documentary about this. [Worth a watch if you have the time]", 'Check out the documentary "First Kid" starring Sinbad. That's basically what the whole movie is aboutIt is highly limited. They may be able to get permission to have them over to the residence side as it is fairly separated from the West Wing where business is done, but it would not be able to happen often. They can go visit or hang out with friends in public places but they will have their Secret Service protection detail with them.
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Why is it that when you turn on a heater and suck in the air coming out of it, it feels dry?
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Hot air has a higher capacity for water. So if you heat up a volume of air the *relative* humidity goes down even though the absolute amount of water stays the same. Therefore the warm air can take up more moisture and that can come from your skin and other tissues, so you feel that it's drying you.Hot air is less dense. The particles in the air are farther apart and can accomodate more water molecules among them, compared to cold air. So when hot air touches you, it absorbs some of your water and you feel like you are drying.
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Who's clashing with whom in Egypt, what are the biggest issues, and how bad is it likely to be?
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Many will disagree, but IMO the elite thought they could do better than Mubarak. They are demonstrably wrong. The Muslim Brotherhood , have been working for nearly a century against more secular rule, and effectively represents a majority of the populace . They were great as an oppressed majority, but they can't handle the country. Let there be no doubt, Mursi was democratically elected, and attempts to remove him are in every sense anti-democratic. The opposition will furiously argue against that, but IMO it's hypocrisy. Not that I have any problem with that. I'm pro-secular, but I'm not going to pretend minority rule is going to be 'democratic' If they get what they want, you will see another powerful president like Mubarak or Al Maliki within 5 years, and he'll never leave office. Take it to the bank. They're headed towards civil war now, and all that matters is which side the Army ends up on.
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How come cats and dogs don't pet each other?
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My cats "pet" each other all the time. They are always licking each other. It's not as if they have hands that are suited for petting. While they might only do it to keep each other clean, it sure seems as if they are showing affection sometimes. And when I'm petting them, they'll lick me back, even though I clearly don't have fur that needs cleaning.they do - put its not as clear as it would be from us,a cat or dog rubbing up against u is 'petting' u, most mammals that are close will seek physical affection from eachother
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Why did the Equal Pay Act fail?
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I think you mean the Paycheck Fairness Act. That's the bill in congress now. The Equal Pay Act was passed successfully in 1963. Opponents of the Paycheck Fairness Act point out that the premise behind it is flawed because it doesn't account for *actually performing the same job* correcting for that shows women make 96% of that of men. Adding additional procedural clauses to an existing act is kinda minor, and the effect is a little bit more burden on the employers paperwork if the have to prove something. So it's just become a party talking point, and failed based on party lines. If you ask me, further correction in men-women's pay difference can only be corrected by steering women into the same professions and doing something about maternity leave & day care.Because the premise behind the need for the act is likely flawed.It's not about being sexist at all. Milton Friedman does a good job of explaining why equal pay for equal work isn't a good platform. Basically if a male is preferable to a female for a job the only advantage the female would have for getting that particular job is offering to work for less money. With the equal pay act you would be denying the female the opportunity for the job because they would have to pay either employee the same amount, the employer would obviously go with the the more preferable employee and not even consider the female. Here's a link to the video for a more in depth look: _URL_0_
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why do household electronic appliance settings go OFF, HI, LO?
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There are two cases for this, one using electronic devices, and one using gas powered , and they both share the same reason as to why it's beneficial to start with "high" in some cases. You can do a home experiment with a dimmer switch and incandescent light bulb that will explain it. If you have a dimmer switch set to low and turn it on, the lightbulb probably will not light. Turn it up till the bulb turns on, and then reduce switch and it dims without turning off. What gives? Every electric circuit has an activation potential, similar to static friction: a minimum voltage that has to be exceeded before it can turn on. Once current is flowing, the voltage can drop without issue, so long as it's above the minimum to maintain the flow, a value less than the initial activation potential. This works the same with gas flow - you need enough flowing to get it started, then can turn down the gas and keep the flame alive once self sustaining. Rheostats on electronics that start at "high", and gas valves that do similar, usually offer "low" settings less than the activation level needed. As such, starting with them on "high" allows for the current / gas flow to begin before turning down the flow for better precision. Rheostats that start at low have a low setting that is greater than the activation potential needed to begin flow, and hence have no problems.
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Are welfare services a state responsibility?
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I would give 2 reasons: 1) people who are desperate and not provisioned for end up going into a life of crime and banditry. Of course, the alternative is starving to death and they don't have anything to lose now. This is bad for society as a whole. 2) all welfare spent helps grow the economy. Since welfare payments are small, the receivers will not have a savings margin. Everything they get will go into buying food, paying rent and bills, etc. that's good for the economy as almost all the money put into welfare is being circulated into a large range of industries.This seems more like a political question than an explanation for a five year old This issue is up for debate all the timeThe short answer is yes. The long answer is YEEEEEEEEEEEEEEESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS.
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Does the immune system only protect against foreign agents like virus or bacteria, or is it also beneficial to fight diseases such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure etc.?
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Yes. You are developing potentially cancerous cells all the time and your immune system is destroying them all the time, too. Cancer cells are your own cells, mutated, and your immune system usually recognizes them as diseased and kills them off. Developing cancer can sometimes be worsened by a weakened immune system that wasn't able to fight off the cancer. Likewise, if you have a compromised immune system, you're at higher risk of developing cancer. Like people who get organ transplants and have to take immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their life are at greater risk of cancer. Type 1 diabetes is caused by your immune system-its an autoimmune disease in which your own immune system attacks and kills your own pancreatic cells that produce insulin. So in that case, no, the immune system is not helpful. So it varies. The immune system doesn't help with high blood pressure.
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Why is the basic unit in angular measurement the right angle?
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The "basic unit" in angular measurement is either the degree or the radian. It is not "the right angle." A right angle is just an angle that has certain special properties .
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What causes the noise a flame makes when blowing in the wind?
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When something burns it isn't actually the solid or liquid that burns. It first off gases or evaporates creating a gas that is flammable. This gas however is too rich to burn immediately it rises and mixes with air until it makes a mix that can burn. If you look at a log for example you will see a very small space between the surface of the log and where the flame starts. When you blow or the wind blows you increase this mixing of flammable gas and oxygen creating a more rapid burning that essentially creates a series of small explosions. Edit: the crackle too is due to more rapid boiling of pockets of water in the wood which causes it to expand and pop the structure it is contained in.
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Why is it harder for women to lose weight than it is men.
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Men have a higher basal metabolism, we're taller and have more muscles. In addition men look like they're gaining and losing weight faster since most of our fat is on the belly while women have it spread out on some plump and nice places as well.
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- how do chameleons change their colors?
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Firstly, i just want to say that it's a common misconception that they do this to camouflage themselves against a background. In fact, chameleons mostly change color to regulate their temperatures or to signal their intentions to other chameleons. Now to the actual ELI5:The outermost layer of a chameleons skin is transparent, below that layer there are several layers of skin that contain specialized cells called Chromatophores, the Chromatophores at each level is filled with sacs of different pigments. The deepest layer contains melanophores, which are filled with brown melanin . Atop that layer are cells called iridophores, which have a blue pigment that reflects blue and white light. Layered on top of those cells are the xanthophores and erythrophores, which contain yellow and red pigments, respectively. Normally, the pigments are locked away inside tiny sacs within the cells. But when a chameleon experiences changes in body temperature or mood, its nervous system tells specific chromatophores to expand or contract. This changes the color of the cell. By varying the activity of the different chromatophores in all the layers of the skin, the chameleon can produce a whole variety of colors and patterns. For instance, an excited chameleon might turn red by fully expanding all his erythrophores, blocking out the other colors beneath them. A calm chameleon, on the other hand, might turn green by contracting his erythrophores and allowing some of the blue-reflected light from his iridophores to mix with his layer of somewhat contracted yellow xanthophores. With these layers of cells, some chameleons are capable of producing a dazzling array of reds, pinks, yellows, blues, greens, and browns. These bold statements won't help them blend into the background, but they will allow them to get their message across to other chameleons loud and clear.
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Why does tan/sunburnt skin appear lighter briefly after pressing down on it?
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The skin is red due to increased blood flow near the surface. By pressing down on the skin you force blood out of the thin capillaries, similar to squeezing a sponge. In doing so you reduce the visible blood and change the color.
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Why does it require more energy to not care what people think vs caring?
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This one really depends on what kind of person you are in the first place. For example, I find it much more draining to care what people think than I do to just ignore them.It's likely that you're just an empathetic person, meaning you are prone to caring about others and about other's perceptions of you. There really isn't much you can do about it, short of dramatic trauma.There is a portion of the human brain dedicated to empathy -- your brain literally tries to duplicate the emotions being experienced by people around you, based on your observations. This increases our ability to survive as a social species. Choosing to ignore it means struggling internally against a portion of your own brain.
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a Library in computer terms
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Libraries are various pieces of code someone else has already written. They leave an API to allow others to interface with that code. This allows programmers to focus on their task so they don't have to re-implement the same algorithms someone else has made over and over. Also, it allows access to parts of code that general programmers may not be as familiar with .
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why the turn signals of 2 cars will always sync at one point.
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Those metronomes are on a shifting table, that's why they sync up. For cars, I can give you math to show why they might sync up, and why they may never sync up. For simplicity, say car A blinks every 2s, and car B blinks every 3s. 2 * 3 = 6, so they will converge at 6s. Now cars blink in the decimal places, but you can multiply any 2 numbers to find a point at which they converge. However, this assumes they started at the same time. In our example, if car A started .5s after car B, they will never converge. The rate at which the signal blinks is determined by a capacitor that charges and discharges at a fairly set rate. It's different for every car.
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Why was Half Life 3 never created/released?
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According to numerous interviews with Valve over the years, the company has a very "flat" structure. In most companies, you have employees reporting to a manager, a manager reporting to a director, a director reporting to a VP, a VP reporting to a C-level executive, the C-level execs reporting to a president , and the president reporting to the board of directors . This is normal "tiered" or "hierarchal" management structure. Other business, like Valve, have a "flat" structure, where there are very few managers and fewer still LAYERS of management. In addition to having a flat management structure, Valve largely allows their employees to work on whatever projects they want to work on. So based on the information we have about Valve's structure and the independence of their work force apparently no one wants to work on it.Because your post isn't asking a simplified conceptual explanation, but rather for an answer, it has been removed. You should try /r/answers, /r/askreddit or even one of the more specialized answers subreddits like /r/askhistorians, /r/askscience or others too numerous and varied to mention. Rest assured this doesn't make your question *bad*, it just makes it more appropriate for another subreddit. Good luck!
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Why is symmetry so prevalent in nature and animals etc?
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Why store two completely separate sets of instructions when you can just build the same body part backwards? For complex animals it also helps with balance and locomotion by keeping their center of mass actually centered.
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Why are carbonated drinks so satisfying, especially when you are really thirsty?
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I used to buy simple carbonated water by the case. Then I bought a seltzer bottle . Now I have a Soda Stream. I adore carbonated water. Really cold carbonated water satisfies my thirst like nothing else. I think it's because the bubbles sort of 'sting' the back of my palate when drinking, it's a very specific feeling that I associate with ultimate refreshment, that cold, sharp, slightly acidic feeling tingling the back of my mouth and throat. It hurts so good. Maybe this is related to the temperature, as well—really cold liquid tends to taste better than warmer liquids when you're really thirsty, that initial 'sting' as the cold liquid hits the back of your throat seems to be a similar sensation to the carbonation 'sting.'", 'Non-American here, but I *get* the question somewhat. It can feel quite subjective about whether carbonated water quenches your thirst better, but I think what really happens is that when you drink carbonated water, the gas bubbles slide down your throat and burst there with their "fizzling" sensation. That tickles your throat and stimulates the nerves there to promote some relief , and that's what causes you to feel like it's much more satisfying. On an absolute "thirst quenching" level though, it's the fluid level that counts and well, carbonated drinks are probably on-par with plain water for that.Canadianguy, carbonated water is maybe Alberta thing? I drank carbonated water all the time and it was always at my friends houses too. I'm definitely not fancy. And I am totally curious why it feels so awesome to take a huge long drink of suuuper cold soda.
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How time travel could possibly work?
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When you get closer to the speed of light time passes faster for you but for everybody not traveling that fast it would not. You could go on a journey 1 lightyear away at the speed of light and come back to find it nothing like you had left itTime travels slower the faster you go. Time also slows down the more gravity there is. Using either of those you could go into the future just by time passing slower for you than the rest of the universe.
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Why are planets/moons/stars perfectly round?
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Quite simply: gravity. Once you get above a certain size, gravity is strong enough that it will even deform an object into a sphere, which minimizes the gravitational potential energy on the object . It isn't perfectly round though. Mountains an valleys produce imperfections in the surface and spin produces a bulge, making the term for an object like the Earth an approximate oblate spheroid.
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Why is the CDC not allowed to research gun control/gun violence?
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They say it's because they believe that CDC should be limited to studying diseases and gun violence isn't a disease. However, they also believe that the results of the study will be used to support more stringent gun control laws, which is probably closer to the real reason.
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Why do (generally) quiet things seem to sound louder at night?
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Mostly due to less background noise. Your apartment/house is most likely quieter at midnight compared to an office environment or daily activities surrounding you. There's likely less activity going on at midnight, less cars going by, less people talking, etc. For example, if you're in an office during the day, there are co-workers talking, heating/cooling systems running , maybe some traffic going by, and so on. Each sound on its own won't register as loud or bothersome, but they will all add up. That added level of background noise means you'll have to turn up the volume to hear your source more clearly. Another example from an audio engineering perspective -- If you're recording, say, a guitar by itself at a certain volume, it may appear loud. But when you add in drums and bass, suddenly the guitar doesn't sound as loud and it gets lost in the mix. Audio engineers need to be aware of this when it comes to "headroom" and "dynamic range" because you can't just turn everything up without impacting signal-handling capabilities. You might need to turn something else *down*. EDIT: speeling
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Why are stuffed animals so comforting, especially for children?
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Children are inherently social, so they will instinctively seek out things with facial features: eyes, ears, mouths, noses. The feeling of not being alone is calming, especially for infants and toddlers. Fuzzy and furry things are warm, which also provides a sense of comfort and being in a group. Cuddle up with your teddy, soon it will be warm like momma's embrace. We make them with simple colors so they aren't disorienting, with soft materials and rounded edges so they are approachable and easy to handle. We also size them so kids can carry them around, cuddle, and not be intimidated by something larger than they are. A doll has human features, but won't likely be as warm and cuddly. A fluffy blanket is warm, but less helpful with alone-ness. Combine both, and you have a great companion for when you wake up in the middle of the night and parents are asleep.
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What are ultraviolet photographs? How do they "convert" the ultraviolet to seeable wavelengths?
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Ultraviolet photographs are photographs that have recorded only ultraviolet light. As for how ultraviolet is 'converted' so we can see it, it doesn't really work like that. Photography works by using a chemical that reacts when light hits it. For example, black and white film photography works by coating celluloid film with a silver halide solution. Wherever light hits the film, the silver halides become opaque or to make it as simple as possible, the film gets darker wherever light hits it, but stays clear there light doesn't hit. Ultraviolet photography doesn't really 'convert' anything. You're just using film or a digital sensor that only reacts to ultraviolet light. The image is created in the same way as normal, just with a wavelength of light we can't see with the naked eye.Ultraviolet photographs are photographs taken with ultraviolet light. We convert them to seeable wavelengths by having a computer shift all the wavelengths down such that the most energetic of ultraviolet light observed is linked to the most energetic visible light, so violet, and so on.
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How are Sitcoms that are taped in front of a live audience taped? How long does it take?
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It will vary from show to show, so I will stick to answering specifically for Seinfeld. It was generally filmed in chronological order, but anything filmed off site was filmed in advance and shown to the audience on screens to get the 'laugh track'. Although if they didn't like the audience laugh they would still use canned laughter, but most of the laughs are genuine A lot of 'outdoor' scenes were actually filmed in the studio as well.They had a few blocks of NY streetscapes set up. If you pay attention when watching you can notice the scenery repeating. It would take about 3-4 hours to film an episode but this varied wildly depending on the storyboards. It was only ever meant to take a couple of hours but I don't think they ran on time once in their entire history. The actors that weren't prepping for a scene would interact with the audience between takes to keep them interested.
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Why does depression cause loss of appetite in some, while being blamed for overeating in others?
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There isn't just one chemical or even just one set of chemicals that causes depression. If there were, depression would be very easy to treat. Every depression is different, because it's just a symptom of various things going wrong in a person's brain.
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Why do I need to drink water more often than eat food?
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We use water for all sorts of things in our body, food is pretty simple, broken down and used or stored. food can be stored in different forms, water cannot be stored as easily. so we have to replenish more often because we cant store it as easily.
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How is colour added to photos dating from before the time of coloured photos?
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Very talented Photoshop users. There is no color in black and white, so you have to add it yourself.Adding colours like paint. There is no way to revive the original colour because there WAS no original colour, the film was only black and white. Many of the colours in re-touched photos are completely wrong and down to artistic interpretation. EDIT: Here's a video of the process _URL_0_
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When someone has extreme sleep deprivation, why do they get hallucinations?
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By normal function of your cells, your body will accumulate waste products and chemicals which disrupt normal bodily functions. Your body has evolved hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of chemical reactions to deal with these waste products. Some of them are seriously complicated, involving multiple sequential reactions to safely convert dangerous chemicals into safely stored or excreted waste. When you sleep, your brain releases melatonin to heal and clean your brain while it's powered down. Restrict this, and your brain will start to malfunction in a similar way to how it would if you ingested hallucenogens because the chemicals they release are shaped similar to the one generated from sleep deprivation.
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What's counter torque and why is it needed to make a helicopter fly?
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A helicopter flies by using an engine to spin a primary rotor, but that rotor has inertia so when trying to spin it there is a force pushing back that tries to spin the helicopter body too. Counter torque is provided by the tail rotor and ensures that only the main rotor rotates around the shaft and the body of the helicopter isn't also spinning around the shaft. This is why a helicopter that loses the tail rotor starts spinning out of control
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Why does salt water help heal wounds?
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**It acts as a mild antibacterial , allowing your body to focus on repair rather than disinfection.** Cells, including bacteria, cannot manually control their hydration, they depend on the diffusion of water through their membranes . The high salt concentration in the salt water draws out water *out* of the bacteria, leaving them in a shrunken, dehydrated state that makes it hard for them to replicate. In essence, it makes them weaker and easier for your immune system to clear up. However, many bacteria can produce slimy coverings that limit osmosis. This is why salt water is not a fool proof treatment of open-wounds, but a home treatment that can help for small cuts and scratches that can seal relatively quickly.
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Why is the shadow of my lenses black?
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A lense changes the direction of light. A convex lense refracts light so that it gets closer together afterwards. You would use a convex lense to light a fire from sunlight. This is used in glasses where the lense in the human eye cannot contract enough to focus the light effectively onto the retina at the back of the eye. The further away an object is to more dissipated the light is that comes from it and so the lense in your eyes have to work harder and be more convex to focus properly. For many people our lense cannot contract enough and we become 'short sighted'. For some people, the lense in our eye is *too* convex and refracts the light coming in too much to the point that we have to work really hard when looking at objects that are close to us but not so hard for objects further away . To compensate for this we wear glasses with a *concave* )( lense. A concave lense refracts light outwards. When you go to the optician they measure exactly how 'out of sorts' your lenses in each eye are and fit lenses in your glasses or contacts that do the exact opposite. Regarding the shadow on your glasses, my guess is that you long sighted and the light coming through your lenses is being refracted away or you are very shortsighted and the light is being focused on a point between your lense and the desk. Your friends who are shortsighted and/or have a lower prescription than you will have different amounts of shadow.
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Why can't Solar Panels be at a 0° (Parallel to the ground) Instead of at an Angle?
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The sun is never directly overhead north or south of the tropics, so it'll be less efficient. Panels in North America and Europe should tilt south to get the best exposure angle. There's also the issue of dirt and debris collecting on a flat surface.
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How can loans from small credit unions have much lower interest rates than loans from large international banks?
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Credit unions typically don't make a large profit and, for several reasons, they typically have lower operating costs/payroll. Because of this, they can give out lower rates and make less money.International banks report to shareholders who demand certain returns . Consequently, they are in the business of generating loans with the highest returns the market offers. Credit Unions are not-for-profit and in the business of offering financial services to their members . Therefore they offer loans at low rates, even if they could charge moreI work at a decently large credit union for the state, and we have incredibly strict acceptance standards for loans. You have to have a very good credit history, reliable income, healthy bank standing, you have to be an American citizen to even open an account etcetc. This is to prevent loan defaults and because we are not for profit, meaning all of the money we make goes back to the community, the people that work here and the members of the credit union. The bankers often get angry because people will be declined even though they would have been a great qualifier at a large bank like Wells Fargo.
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what would happen during a nuclear winter?
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First of all, you should know that nuclear winter is not settled science. The thought is that bombs that detonated over cities would cause a firestorm in that city which would lead to a huge amount of soot and ash being sent up into the atmosphere. That soot & ash would partially block sunlight and dramatically cool the planet, cause widespread crop failures and alterations in local rainfall patterns which would just make things worse. If all of that happened then a lot of people would starve, more would try to move somewhere "safe" or at least warm and unstable societies would have a very tough time. Even major nations could be driven to war or collapse. The thing is that the above is dependent on a set of assumptions about how much soot & ash would be released. The assumptions are themselves dependent on observations of the Dresden firestorm in WWII and the bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki. In the first instance, there is no evidence that nuclear weapons would produce the sort of firestorm that the sustained incendiary bombing caused in Dresden. That's not to say it can't happen but we just don't have any evidence of it. In the second instance, Hiroshima & Nagasaki were primarily wooden buildings which were highly flammable. Modern cities are composed of reinforced concrete and glass. No modern city has undergone a firestorm event and we aren't about to test out a nuke to see if it would. So nuclear winter, if it occurred would be very bad. Things is that the science behind what a nuclear winter actually is, is not itself on very firm ground.
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how is hacking into driverless cars going to be prevented?
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The easiest way to prevent hacking is to secure any access point into the car's information systems. There's three channels through which you could try and hack it - communicate to it wirelessly, communicate to it on a wired connection like a USB port, or physically install or change some components. If your car doesn't communicate with anything wirelessly or is set up so that it doesn't receive any instructions, only data, through that type of connection, it'll be a lot tougher to hack and you'd pretty much need it parked and with some physical access to it. It may be possible but it'd be tough. P.S. I don't consider sending it a false map to send it off course, for example, to be hacking the car. That's sabotaging the data it receives, not actively interfering with its operating process.Think of all the incredibly sensitive and/or valuable electronics we interact with every day which are connected to the internet, but have a physical presence: * ATMs* jumbo jets* Redbox DVD rental kiosks* traffic signals* pacemakers* Electronic toll collection systems The manufacturers of these systems have a strong incentive to prevent people from hacking them, and as a result we don't see headlines like "men with laptops take control of Airbus autopilot". Manufacturers of driverless cars have the same incentives, and will take similar security measures.
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Why is it that every time I buy solar landscape lights they only work for a couple of months (even with cleaning the solar panels)?
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It's probably not a problem with the solar panels. Many have internal batteries to store the energy from the day and deliver it at night. After many charge/discharge cycles and temperature extremes of hot and cold, the batteries aren't as good anymore. And the batteries they include probably aren't the best. Another possibility is that water has seeped in and corroded some of the electronics. As long as they last up to the warranty, the company doesn't care. And if it's after that, you'll buy a new one.
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Why are roses so expensive.
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The same reason diamonds are: perceived significance or value. Diamonds aren't actually worth much; they're just supercompressed carbon that happens to occur naturally under certain circumstances. People just think they're rare and valuable when they're natural, and cheap when they're man-made, despite being structurally and molecularly identical. The same principle of perceived value applies to roses; no doubt their bright color, pleasant fragrance, and use in every romantic book/movie ever made probably contributes to that perception but it's just that, a perception.
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What is a snap election, and why doesn't it exist in the US?
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Often times in parliamentary systems of government the prime minister or other head of government must have elections every set number of years, just like in the US system, but they also allow for them to call for elections at a time of their choosing prior to the normal time between elections. This is very useful for when some major national decision needs to occur, and the ruling party thinks they are at an advantage concerning that decision. The election somewhat becomes a national referendum on that issue, with the people voting to put people into government that agree with them about that issue. So if the US system had snap elections maybe Obama would have called one early on in the health care debate, or Bush might have called one before the wars in Afghanistan or Iraq. The purpose would be to present an position on how the government would move forward, in contrast to the opposition party, and let the people support that ideal by voting enough people for the controlling party to push forward their agenda.
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Why do we still use USB and not fibre optic for file transfer. My Soundbar uses fibre optic, so it can't be a cost issue.
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USB is * cheaper * bidirectional by default * can carry multiple signals at the same time * can be split into multiple USB ports through hubs * has more compact controllers and interfaces And last but not least * can carry power, because it's made of copper wiring which is VERY important for just about any peripheral. Without USB powering a peripheral, you'd have an extra power cable. In fact, they are drastically increasing the power transfer capability in USB Type C cables, so that soon you'll be able to charge your laptop and tablet PC just like you do your phone. as mentioned in this thread, fibre is only used where the limits of copper are a hindrance. This is * Where speed is very important * Where great distances need to be bridged
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Why is a beautiful view beautiful?
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Answer: Much has been written on the subject of esthetics, it's a major branch of philosophy. One good avenue of inquiry is to check our different ideals and attitudes across culture lines, look for universals. Likely a very subjective item.
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Why do we need economic growth and why is it considered bad if an economy does not grow?
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Think of it in terms of loaning money to a friend. If your friend is about to start a great new job, you'll happily loan them money. But if your friend is about to lose their job, you'll be much more hesitant because you're worried they won't be able to pay the loan back. When taken across an economy, this means that if the economy stops growing, credit dries up. Instead of loaning money, people simply save their money. But while stuffing your money under the mattress might be individually good in terms of hedging against future needs, it isn't doing any *work* sitting under your mattress. It's not contributing to the economy, producing more goods and services. Most specifically, it's not enabling the creation of new enterprises that might grow the economy. What results is a death spiral of credit. People stop loaning money, so the economy shrinks and more people stop loaning money, etc. Eventually, you no longer have an economy and just have a bunch of people with mattresses full of money they can't use for anything because nothing is being produced or sold.
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How do all those one-way-rental trucks (U-Haul etc) get back to where they came from?
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In NZ we get a lot of tourists driving campers from Auckland and flying out of Christchurch. They pay people to drive them back. They generally get paid to drive to Picton and board them on a boat then get bussed back . They are picked up in Wellington by another mob who drive them to Auckland and then get flown back to Wellington to do it all again.My parents used to own a service station and rent trucks- initially U-Haul, then Ryder, and finally, Budget. The truck company gave our station a computer that was hooked up to a nationwide network. When a customer needed a truck that we didn't have, we would drive to the closest facility with one and bring it back for them to rent. The customer drove it to their destination and it became the inventory of that station for someone to rent from there. Fun fact: when I was a teenager , I worked for my parents in the summer. We lived in South Carolina. To rent a Budget truck from us to move up north was around 39.00 a day . To move from NY to SC- around 119.00. The amount of northerners moving to the south was astounding. We hardly ever moved anyone up north.* pricing if more people are moving from New York to Pennsylvania, you can get a rental in the other direct very inexpensively* they hire guys to drive or fly out and bring vehicles back
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I assume Turkey's attack on the Syrian government is in violation of international law, if so does that negate our nato obligations when syria, iran, or russia strikes back?
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Wait so Turkey are attacking both Assad's regime and the Kurdish rebels? What the hell is their game? _URL_0_", 'I love this question. It's basically, "Explain like I'm 5: international politics and treaty law.
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What is the difference between [i.e. Their roles and responsibilities] (in countries that have both) a president and prime minister?
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The Prime Minister runs the country. The President is a more ceremonial role. This is grossly oversimplified, and it may vary from country to country, but in general that sums it up.The Prime Minister heads the government. The government is made up of the legislators whose party wins the most seats or a coalition of smaller parties who are able to have the most legislative seats by teaming up. So a Prime Minister is a head legislator, like Harry Reid/Pelosi, and they're usually also the top member of the largest political party. They're in charge of getting laws made and filling all the important state offices President is usually a ceremonial position, where they're technically the head of state but uninvolved in day to day governance. Sometimes this all gets jumbled though, as in Russia, where the President technically has more power and the prime minister less, but in reality where Putin has power no matter where he's sitting.
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if the NSA can reach 75% of the internet, then what about the deep web and the crimes that go on there?
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First: The NSA may see that someone is asking for child pornography but they don't see *who* is asking. For example because they use TOR. Second: The amount of data the NSA has is so big, that it's simply not worth to investigate every single small crime. They probably only look for terrorism and maybe big distributors of cp, waepons or drugs.
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How did "state of the art" end up meaning "The latest technology"?
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> The origin of the concept of "state of the art" took place in the beginning of the twentieth century.[3] The earliest use of the term "state of the art" documented by the Oxford English Dictionary dates back to 1910, from an engineering manual by Henry Harrison Suplee , an engineering graduate , titled Gas Turbine: progress in the design and construction of turbines operated by gases of combustion. The relevant passage reads: "In the present state of the art this is all that can be done". The term, "art", itself refers to the useful arts, skills and methods relating to practical subjects such as manufacture and craftsmanship, rather than in the sense of the performing arts and the fine arts.[4] > Over time, use of the term increased in all fields where this kind of art has a significant role.[5] In this relation it has been quoted by the author that "Although eighteenth century writers did not use the term, there was indeed in existence a collection of scientific and engineering knowledge and expertise that can be identified as the state of the art for that time".[5] > Despite its actual meaning, which does not convey technology that is ahead of the industry, the phrase became so widely used in advertising that a 1985 article described it as "overused", stating that "[i]t has no punch left and actually sounds like a lie".[6] A 1994 essay listed it among "the same old tired clichés" that should be avoided in advertising.[7] [Source]
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why does our eyesight get blurry after playing a rhythm game?
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It could be the motion aftereffect. This is an effect of video games, specifically rhythm based games like guitar hero and rockband, where our eyes adapt to the moving stimulus in the game as baseline. When you shift your focus to a stationary object, it will look "wavy" and will probably appear to be going up. This is because our eyes expect the stationary object to be moving, so when it is not moving our eyes compensate by saying oh it must be moving up then .You probably aren't blinking enough. With rhythm games you tend not to take your eyes of whatever, and then when you suddenly look away it's painful or blurry. This in general is a problem with all screens, and even has a condition called Computer Vision Syndrome
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; How do television channels work in the UK? How does everyone with a TV paying a fee work?
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They can't, obviously. Some decades ago, they claimed to have "TV detector vans" which would patrol the streets and could detect if a TV was switched on in any home, but that was just a ruse to scare people into paying up. However, they do know which properties have valid TV licences and which don't. If you suddenly stop buying a TV licence, they'll likely send somebody round to ask. If you deny you have a TV and they think you're lying, and if they think it's even worth bothering with, they can get a search warrant.It's just a tax that you have to pay. When you buy a TV the store has to inform the TV licensing authority who then checks on a database to see if you have a licence to watch it. If not, they send a guy to your house to talk to you The TV licence is technically only needed for BBC broadcasts, . You also need one if you listen to the radio. However you will be liable for a penalty if you watch a non BBC station without a licence, as they assume you de-tuned your BBC stations . Some European countries are trying to change the legislation so you need a TV licence for digital broadcasts, which includes YouTube tv shows, Netflix / HBO go and purchase for iTunes. IIRC only Sweden has actually implemented this though. The TV detector vans are utter BS and were just a scare tactic.
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Please explain what happens with a fly in a car when it crashes. (When the fly is flying inside the car)
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The cage that is your car suddenly decelerates. You, your doggy, and lunch that was laying on the front seat continue to travel forward at 135 Km/h and get to meet the windshield inasfar as you weren't buckled up in which case the buckle yanks you painfully and you'll probably break a few ribs. You, your doggy and lunch have relatively much mass. It takes some force to get you to stand still with respect to the car after it has suddenly stopped. This force applied to your bodies is likely to hurt you. The fly, maybe not so much. It is much lighter, so the forces involved to its body are much less. Granted, it has a much smaller body so relatively, the forces will be still pretty brutal. Enter the scale effect. Small things have a much better strength to weight ratio than large things. Your cat can easily leap onto the kitchen counter, being twice its height in size. Imagine you jumping onto the roof of your house from a stand still. The fly, being very much smaller that you are will experience the same sudden deceleration but be able to cope with it much better. All in all, it will probably not suffer one single bruise.
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Why does sound pitch down in tone when speeding past you (front to back)?
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It's the Doppler Effect. Basically when sound source is moving toward you, the sound waves get bunched up, making the sound higher pitched. When the source is moving away from you, the sound waves get stretched out, making it sound lower pitched.Doppler effect - the sounds waves will compress slightly as the vehicle travels toward you, since the velocity of the car and the sound is in the same direction. Closer sound waves = higher frequency = higher pitch. As the car travels away from you, the sound waves are slightly less compressed, due to the fact the velocity of the sound and car are in different directions. Less close sound waves = lower frequency = lower pitchOh haha. I feel silly now. Thanks though :)
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Do companies like coke change their recipes without telling anyone?
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I'm not an expert in this area, but I heard once that coke cans have the same recipe all over the world, coming from a factory in the USA, and coke bottles are produced locally, with things like locally sourced water. Maybe it has something to do with that?", 'You enjoying coke more previously is more to do with you, I read somewhere as you age your tongue changes the ratio of bitter/sweet taste receptors making you prefer things you used to hate and hate things you used to love Not entirely helpful, but I have a friend who used to work for Coke and according to him, there are only seven people in the whole world who know the actual recipe.Don't they do that when their patent has ran out? Just a tiny bit to make another patent?
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How does power affect speakers in regards to volume?
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When you change the power you're just rotating something in the circuit that changes the amplitude of the wave that the circuit uses.
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Why do small birds hop instead of walking like larger birds?
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Hopping is the gait used by birds that mostly jump from branch to branch. Walking is the gait used by birds that spend plenty of time on the ground. _URL_0_
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Why are some types of animals just naturally aggressive, while others are docile?
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Animals have the same "fight of flight" response as us and they evolved by surviving. The fight of flight response is how you body evolved to deal with danger and stay alive. Obviously not all animals will do both in that moment. Prey animals like a dear have few offensive options, and their species has instead evolved to be fast and nimble, and their skittish nature is them having learned to use that skill. An animal like that would really only attack if it was truly cornered. An animal with some defensive capabilities like a skunk would be quick to use their trait. And a predator would also be more likely to fight an adversary because they have the capability to kill and often fight for rank and territory. A large animal like a bear will often attack when scared. They are not mindless killers, savagely hunting down humans, but will not think twice about taking a swipe at the hiker who surprised them around the corner on the trail. Animals also have different relations to humans. They can learn that we are something to fear, some know that they can benefit off of the food and trash we leave around. Others learn to ignore us. The bears in Yellowstone park for example know that they can exploit hunters and campers for the food they carry. Thy rarely are looking to hunt and kill a person when they can grab an easier snack. People just often get in the way. The bears up in the Yukon have a much different relationship with people. We are more strange and unknown. They may only see hunters and know that we mean harm. And dense amounts of people with food and trash are fewer and far between.
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Why is "Jason" used almost exclusively as a given name, when most other names with a "-son" suffix are surnames?
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The name Jason comes from the ancient Greek word meaning "healer". It is not connected to the English suffix "son", meaning "son of". It's nothing more than coincidence that it's written and pronounced the same way.
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What accounts for the price difference and quality of gas from different stations? (chevron or shell stations seem to be a bit pricier when compared to say 7/11 or am/pm)
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supermarkets *tend* to subsidize their petrol. a little. because they know that if you come in for gas, you're more likely to head into the store to pick up some stuff, and if you came IN for stuff, you're more likely to buy gas on the way out. then you get the BIG refiner owned and operated sites. BP. ESSO. TEXACO. the big ones, that own and operate their own stations. they get their own gas directly from their own refineries, shipped with their own trucks. they have the least overheads, and the least profit margins, as they're only trying to out compete other A+ producers. then you get the smaller, but still massive chains, who can afford to buy their gas in bulk, when the prices are lower, and store it, for when they need it.. after all they increase the prices IMMEDIATELY it goes up, but wait a while when it drops.. to maximise profit. then you get the small guys who have to buy a tank of gas, pay for it to get shipped quite some distance, and charge what they can. they have to pay their staff, pay to have it shipped, and don't have a corporate overlord to bail them out if one month is a little lean. plus there's the "proximity to a freeway paradox". you'll notice that there's a price curve, wherein gas prices are lowest a certain driving distance away from a freeway where prices are lowest. CLoser to that, and they have enough traffic that they can increase the prices a little, because they're the last station before the freeway, and people tend to check late. further away from the freeway, and they have to pay more for increased shipping, and can increase the price for a "convenience fee". i.e, they can put the prices up because they're the only station in the area.
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Why did predatory lizards not evolve binocular vision like mammals?
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As a general rule predators have eyes at the front and prey species have eyes at the sides. Most lizards are both predator and prey. If the risk of being eaten outweighs the advantages of binocular vision, there is no advantage in binocular vision.Evolution doesn't have a goal, or a pinnacle to aim for. Even if it did, there's nothing to say that binocular vision is inherently better than monocular vision. For example, while binocular vision is great for depth perception, it limits the field of view. Lizards with monocular vision can usually move their eyes independently giving a much wider field of view. There's also the consideration that major physiological changes may have negative effects during the embryonic stage. In other words, the changes necessary to alter the eyes can't be made without causing other changes that prevent the embryo from forming successfully. There is a certain amount of 'scaffolding' involved in the embryonic stage which it may be impossible to alter.I would have thought that lizards do have binocular vision. It is how they judge distance to prey etc when hunting. In fact any animal with two separate eyes that have fields of vision that overlap would have binocular vision. So not a mammalian only trait.
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Why does coffee make me so jittery when served black but has little effect when served with cream and sugar?
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It may well be that that is your expectation and so you feel that way. There's no real reason for this to happen.A variation on the placebo effect would be my guessThe fat in dairy products slows down the absorption rate of the caffeine.Coffee /caffeine directly affects the central nervous system. When the CNS becomes hyped up, adrenaline is introduced, via the adrenal glands, to the blood stream and attempts to use all immediately available sugar to turn the glucose to fuel, hence a drop in blood sugar. When you add cream and sugar, especially cream, it reduces this affect because the immediately available blood glucose is reduced because the cream breaks down more slowly into glucose since it contains fat, which becomes glucose and fatty acids when it does break down.Sugar breaks down to glucose very rapidly.. I.e. cream is higher on the glycemic index. You would momentarily feel the same if you just put sugar in your coffee but the affects would be the same as black coffee because of how rapidly sugar breaks down to glucose and the rapid absorption the CNS requires from the adrenal response.I always drink my coffee with cream to delay the jittery effect and keep the caffeine buzz longer because it will stay longer in my system by adding cream. Tldr: it's about how the adrenal glands react to caffeine and your current blood glucose level. *wording/typo
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Why do you always see the remains of truck tires on the highway?
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Highway trucks tend to do a ridiculous amount of mileage in a year. Upwards of 80,000 miles even. Before going into any more detail its just good to know that the truck is the tractor and the trailer is just the trailer. Now everyday before the driver gets onto the road he/she must to a pre trip inspection. The tractor's tires are usually fine since the driver know how much they have driven on them. The problem here is the trailer's tires. These are often overlooked and are mostly changed when they are way overdue. The problem is companies do not like taking the trailers out of service in order to change the tires. Since the rear tires of the trailer are placed side by side in a dually configuration. [Like in this picture] if one tire blows then the other is there as a backup. TL;DR Companies cheap, dont replace trailer tires since they are duallies. wait til last minute
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Why can't we eat other people?
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Any pathogen in your meal is going to be something that's already perfectly adapted to living in human beings. This isn't really the case with, say, fish. That's the main problem. Your risk isn't terribly high, but somewhat higher than it would be eating something else.
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What happens when I adjust a VCR's tracking?
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Curse_of_kintave is wrong. Well, he's right about the signal being encoded diagonally on the tape and being read/written with heads in a spinning drum that is tilted, effectively making the heads tracking the diagonal signal on the tape. It's a clever trick to encode way more signal on a relatively slow moving tape, hence having compact cassettes. Now, all of that is cool, but every time the tape goes through the VCR, it is stretched a tiny bit. As the tape is stretched, the angle of the signal on the tape changes. Imagine drawing oblique lines on a rubber band and stretch that rubber band. That's exactly what happens. When you adjust tracking, you effectively change the tilt of the head so that it matches the angle of the signal on the tape.
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Why linux-based OS are supposedly less susceptible to virii than Windows?
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two important reasons First of all there are just fewer viruses are programmed that target Linux. this isn't so much a feature of Linux itself being more secure, just a consequence of it being less attractive for criminals to try and attack. There are more Windows systems in the world than Linux systems. Its a bigger target. Second, Linux has a different user permissions and security model than Windows. In Linux all of the most important commands require permission from a special user named _root_. in a properly configured system _root_ isn't actually an account belonging to a particular human, its an account reserved for system level operations . A human user will have their own account and can gain temporary permission to act as if they are _root_ if necessary, but activating that temporary permission requires entering a password. If the virus program doesn't have the password to gain _root_ permission then it just won't be able to do much damage. This isn't to say that there aren't Linux exploits and security vulnerabilities, just that the way the system is designed is pretty good at containing the potential damage that can be done from a compromised user. As long as the password for _root_ is secure the system should be able to recover from a virus pretty easily, with the worst consequence being some possible loss of specific user account data, but not a corruption of the whole system.If you write viruses for a living, and 99% of the world uses windows while and 1% uses linux, which operating system are you going to go after?
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Why is it so easy to find a comfortable position in bed during morning but hard at night?
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I was going to say because you've already gotten a full night of sleep. But she went all sciency", 'When you're asleep your body releases chemicals in your body to keep yourself still and asleep. When you wake up by accident a few hours before your alarm, it's easy to go back to sleep because you body still has all these chemicals. In the evening you're still awake and alert and your body might not "know" that you're about to go to sleep. This is why it's useful to avoid bright electronics or food in the half-hour before your sleep.
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The Troubles, or the Northern Ireland Conflict
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The 1960s saw the beginnings of a civil rights movement among Catholics in Northern Ireland who sought an end to discrimination they faced at the hands of the British government. The main thing the civil rights campaigners were looking for was the idea of '1 man, 1 vote'. This is important as Protestant business owners often had more than 1 vote. Similarly, they sought an end to gerrymandering. The Protestants/Unionists, while being in the majority in Northern Ireland were the minority when you take into account the Republic of Ireland's population. Therefore the Protestants in N.Ireland at the time of the civil rights movement, felt that any concessions to the civil rights campaign, might lead on the long run to a United Ireland and the erosion of their British identity.
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Why is the name Jesus fairly common in Latin America but uncommon in English-speaking countries?
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It has to do with translation. The English version of Jesus is Joshua. So if you're named Josh or Joshua, that's the same as being named Jesus.The guy in the bible's name is יֵשׁוּעַ we did a thing where if you want to write that in english to be the god guy you write it as Jesus, if you want to write and say it as your name it's Joshua. Like, because in hebrew it's Yeshu\'a which is said like joshua, but greeks spell it Iesous which looks like you 'd say it like "jesus" so it historically turned into a weird mess of competing ideas how you say the name that eventually turned into different names in english but not in other languages.Because the English name is Joshua. Avast ye! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: why don't a lot of christians name their children Jesus the same way a lot of Muslims name their children Mohammed? ] ^1. [ELI5:Why is the name Jesus so common in Latin America and the Lusophone nations, but not in the rest of the Christian world? ] ^1. [How come English speakers dont name their kids Jesus, but Spanish speakers do? ] ^1. [ELI5:Why are not there just people called Jesus outside the Hispanic countries? ] ^1. [ELI5: Why is it common for Hispanic Christians to name their children Jesús, but you very seldom see Christians of other heritages named Jesus? ] ^1. [ELI5: Why Americans won't name their sons Jesus? ] ^
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How does your body know to reject only a specific food when you're sick?
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> How did my body perfectly separate the fish from everything else I ate at the same time? It's really not supposed to do that.
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What exactly is a Bonsai tree and how do they get them so tiny?
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It's a regular tree, but put in a small pot, and trimmed consistently in such a way as to keep it under a certain size. There are techniques to get it to grow into the shape you want, but basically it's just a regular tree or cutting that's been restricted in size.Bonsai trees are regular trees and shrubs which have been reduced in size - often by selective pruning. They are not often grown UP to be bonsai from seed, but are cut DOWN and wired into shape. /r/bonsai mod
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Developed nation, undeveloped nation, first world, third world: what information do these terms convey, and how do We use them correctly?
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TECHNICALLY the first world are developed capitalist nations that were vaguely alligned with the US after ww2, basically anyone on the US side in the cold war, and the 2nd world are all those nations alligned with the USSR after ww2 i.e. communist nations. The 3rd world is anyone who remained neutral. Due to the nature of the conflict nearly every developed nation had "picked sides" so the 3rd world tends to refer to underdeveloped nations who simply had no stake in this game, however this leads to developed nations like ireland and finland to be technically 3rd world.
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What is the purpose of the human orgasm beyond reproduction?
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There is no purpose beyond reproduction. Orgasms feel good, and that makes people want to have sex. Wanting to have sex makes people have more sex. And that makes people have more kids . Which means that more of the next generation consists of people who also enjoy orgasms. If a creature existed that didn't enjoy sex, it wouldn't have sex, and would therefore quickly go extinct.Orgasms are good for our moods, blood pressure and in men keep the sperm fresh. Self care, basically.
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Why do you have to pay penalities for not having health insurance that is not wanted nor needed?
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It incentives people to buy into health insurance when they are healthy. The more people that buy into health insurances the more the cost of premium is driven down. The hope is that if everyone has health insurance then it will be cheap for people that do need it. Then one day when you need your health insurance and you cant work do to your medical issue you can still pay for itBecause there is no way to know that health insurance is "not needed". You can't know that you're not going to get a serious illness, disease doesn't work that way. So, there is a need for a mechanism to cause young, healthy people to buy something they aren't sure they need. It's just like car insurance, the law says you have to have it.Because the only way a law like the Affordable Care Act works is if healthy people get insurance. If only the people who actually use a lot of healthcare services get insurance, and the insurance companies can't freely deny coverage or set prices, then they go bankrupt. The whole idea behind insurance is that the 99% of people who don't need it at any given time are paying for the 1% of people who do. Of course the solution to that is to remove the profit motive and simply tax everyone for a government-run system like Britain's NHS.
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Why, when I fall asleep with my socks on, does my foot hair hurt to move in the morning?
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This probably won't be like you're 5 but I'll try Your body hairs have their own little [muscles]. It is possible that keeping your socks on all night leaves these muscles "strained"--different than their normal resting length--which causes discomfort by morning. disclaimer: this is speculation based on 1 year of medical school', "Sorry you didn't get any good answers, I am interested to know as well. As a guy with extremely hairy legs, I get the same feeling when wearing long socks/leggings
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Why the supply shortage of PC memory?
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demand has gone up dramatically. in last decade, there's been exploding increase in cloud computing, cryptocurrency, IOT, realtime services. all requiring copious amounts of computing power as well as storage. in previous years, suppliers sold extra inventory to cover demand. there's no more overstock inventory. prices go up.
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Why do explosions, more specifically huge gnarly fireballs, produce the mushroom cloud shape?
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The column rising up is caused by air convection. It's really hot there so the air rises up. The air in the center is hotter than at the edge of the column, so it moves faster. It also wants to spread out so pushes out over the top of the column, forcing it to curl outwards into a mushroom shape. [Here's an article on it]
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what happens to everyone in Federal prison for Marijuana felonies if / when Weed becomes legal for recreational use?
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probably given early release. at least the lower level non violent ones. It was still illegal at the time they were convicted, so the convictions will still stand. But i doubt the govt will want to waste money keeping them in.No. It was still illegal at the time they were caught performing the act. Whether or not it's still illegal at some later time has no bearing on their sentencing at that time.Just because it became legal? Nothing. They broke the law. There could be legislation that follows that addresses those in prison for marijuana though.No, they wouldn't. They broke the law. Also, most people in prison for it would have been dealers, not just users.
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Why do my tooth filings sting when I bite aluminum and other metals?
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Putting metal in your mouth creates a rudimentary battery, it sends light electrical current through your mouth setting off the nerve endings in your teeth and obviously fillings conduct better than plain teeth so the feeling in fillings is strongerI think the real question here is, why are you chewing on metal?', "You're inducing voltage through making a galvanic cell in your mouth, I'd bet.It is called galvanic shock. Your saliva act as an electrolyte for the aluminium and your tooth filling.
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Why do water bottles have expiration dates on them?
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It's the expiration date, generally, for the container the water's in, not the water itself. Leaching and whatnot.
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why are birds and butterflies so brightly colored and patterned, with blues and greens and reds, but not any mammals?
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There are two ways to answer this question; proximate and ultimate. The proximate answer is that mammals lack the genes to make most kinds of structural pigments. Many of the really bright, iridescent colors of animals are structural. Mammals are generally limited in the kinds of pigments they have available, and very few can produce blues or greens of any sort. As syd said, it may be difficult to produce these colors with less rigid structures . Ultimately, _most_ brightly colored animals use their bright colors to communicate with others of the same species. The ancestor of all mammals was nocturnal and probably did not make heavy use of vision. To this day most mammal species do not use vision as their central means of communication, instead relying on scent and sound. Most mammals have relatively poor color perception as well, especially on the red end of the spectrum. So there has been little pressure for them to evolve new colorful displays or to keep those ancestral genes for structural colors, because they just don't need them as much. The exception to all of this is the old-world primates, which are active during the day, have full color vision, and have some of the most colorful displays of all mammals . The other main use of bright colors is as a warning that a species is either poisonous or venomous, but very few mammals are either of those things.
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Why Catholics so anti birth control
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They want large families to further spread the reach of catholicism. Same with many other religions. Bigger families = more followers = more control = more powerTo Catholics, sex should only be about procreation. Not for "having fun. "
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why do some things smell exactly like they taste, whilst others do not?
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First: Taste consists of five individual tastes: Sweet, sour, salty, bitterness and "umami" . Second: Smell is different in that it senses way more than 5 different molecules. Third: Both senses are affected by other senses. To prove this statement see this publication: _URL_0_ They essentially colored white wine red and fooled oenology students into thinking they were drinking red wine. The way something can smell different than it tastes, is because of the combination of senses during each process. When we smell something at a distance our sense of taste is left out, but we still use the sense of sight to help us determine what it smells like. When we taste the food we begin dissolving it and breaking it up inside our mouth, in which case there's the potential for more different types of molecules to come off the bits of food being brought by air-circulation up into our nose from within the internal nasal cavity in our mouth. So when we taste the food, we use more senses than when we just smell it. And therefore our brain is under no obligation to conclude the experience should be the same in both cases. One could in fact very easily argue that almost nothing tastes the way it smells for this reason. I'm sure someone has, even.Smell in composition with taste and tactile sense come together to form what you generalized as taste in the title. We can't actually smell how food tastes or exactly how sweet, sour, salty, bitter, fatty, watery or meaty it is. What we smell is a composition of many fragrant chemicals that we strongly associate with those tastes. The saliva and chewing in your mouth can release or create some of chemicals that were inaccessible if you tried to just smell them from the original product so food can change how it smells within your internal nasal cavity. Also actual taste from taste buds on your tongue can overpower what you smelled before putting the food in your mouth.
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So Boehner's Debt Ceiling Bill Has a Balanced Budget Amendment... What's So Bad About That?
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I'll do my best to keep this politically neutral. The arguments against are as follows: - There is a school of economic thought that says the best way out of a recession or an economic slowdown is government spending. The government spends money on roads and infrastructure, education and so forth. In the short term, this puts people to work which gives them money to spend at the shops and boosts consumer confidence. In the long term, America becomes better equipped to prosper when the economy ticks up. The problem is, a recession sees a decrease in how much money a Government takes in, meaning it has less money to spend to do these things. Many economists believe that it is ok for a government to go "into the red " during these periods and this amendment would forbid it. - The government currently has a very large debt. A balanced budget constitutional amendment would force the government to balance the budget next year. This would mean instantaneously closing an incredibly large budget gap. This would require incredibly deep cuts to social programs or tax increases. Various commentators have described the former as disastrous and questioned the viability of passing the latter with such a large bloc in Congress having pledged to oppose any new taxes under any circumstances. - In an emergency, such as a gigantic national disaster or a war, the government may need to run a deficit just to cope. World War II was an example of this. This amendment would tie the governments hands.The answer to this question will vary differently depending on what somebody's core political beliefs are.
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How do animals know they could camoflauge themselves within their environment?
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They don’t, they don’t know they exist, they just have instincts: impulses that evolved as naturally as their camouflaged flesh did. Cuttlefish have impulses to hide in the sand and to change their skin colour and patterns to match their surroundings, but they don’t ‘think’ about doing it, it just comes as naturally as being born with colour changing skin does. It’s just an impulse, like a sneeze or the desire to eat or have sex.
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Why do birds come back after they've wintered in the south?
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They come back for the same reason they went south in the first place, the biological advantage of living in a comfortable temperature. In the winter they go south to avoid the harsh cold and in the summer they fly back north to avoid the intense heat.
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why does putting a wooden spoon over a pot of boiling, foaming pasta get rid of the foam?
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Steam condenses on the surface of the spoon and drips back into the pot, breaking the bubbles before it can foam up too far.
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At recycling sorting facilities, how are tiny objects such as shredded paper sorted?
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They use pretty advanced machines with different technologies like optical detection, magnets, air brushes, centrifuges or even chemical methods to sort different materials. Plastics for example can be separated by a optical spectral analysis, as the material can be identified by a difference in the spectrum of reflected electromagnetic waves. But the rest that cannot be sorted is probably just burned in a furnace or dropped in a landfillPretty sure it all goes into a vat of water and turned into pulp, but in the tank the paper gets wet and sinks, the plastic and wood float and are scraped offShredded paper will float an is skimmed off. Heavier material is then sent over a magnetic conveyor that pulled out the iron and steel. The it is then sorted by density in increasingly denser baths of magnetic media and then sorted by size by giant vibrating screens. It can be further sorted by eddy current rotors that make metal like aluminum jump over dividers or optical systems that can recognize different colors and use air jets to separate
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Why does your arm go "dead" if you sleep on it?
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Don't listen to anyone who says you cut off the circulation. What's really happening is that you 've compressed a nerve, usually where it passes close to a bone What happens is that the brain stops receiving a signal from that nerve, so starts to ignore it. When you wake up and try to move the limb, it takes a little bit for the nervous system to "reset" and find it again, which is why it feels numb at first, then starts to tingle as it comes back. Remember, if you pinch a major nerve, it affects everything down, so hit it in the elbow and your whole forearm and hand go numb. But I 'd still take a "dead" arm any day over the annoying thing that happens when, for example, you sit on a bicycle seat for too long and your crotch goes to sleep. That one is not pleasant. It's not necessarily dangerous as long as you don't damage the nerve, but it's not really fun, either.
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The tree falling in the forest..
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It is a demonstration of a question that can NEVER be answered. If we extend 'nobody is around to hear it' to mean 'nobody listens to it in any way' , then there is no way that we can ever determine whether a tree makes a sound or not unless we observe it, and then we are only observing it while it is in a state of 'being observed'. Therefore while it seems like a straightforward or 'silly' question, you can never prove that a tree falling over DOES make a sound when nobody is there to hear it. It's designed to make you think about the world we live in.What is a sound? Philosophers and other thinkers ask questions like this to get at the deepest meaning of the universe and human thought. Is a sound something you hear? Then if there is no one around to hear it, even though it would of made a sound for you to hear, no one did. Is a sound a "thing"? If so, does it mean that a sound can be in the forest without anyone there to hear it? Is the contents of a locked safe there when you can't see it? Sometimes, questions like this are answered satisfactorily when new science is uncovered. We now know that sound is a vibration of air that hits our eardrums. If sound is a vibration of air, then it doesn't matter if no one is there to hear it, it still happened.It's an overused example of a [koan] Generally, they're not really questions that are looking for answers. They're more statements that you should contemplate. Often they're unsolvable, confusing or contradictory. When you hear them you should be confused since they don't make sense. By just experiencing that confusion and becoming comfortable with it, you break out of the way you normally think about things and eventually it helps you with the confusing and often contradictory aspects of life.
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Why does sunscreen go on completely white but if you rub your skin a couple minutes later it is in completely black clumps?
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That's your skin coming off. Try exfoliating some and then try it. When skin is pulled off and balled up and mixed with your skins natural oil it turns dark. Most noticably if you have dark skin or are in the sun often.
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how do your local, run of mill drug dealers make any profit from the drugs they deal?
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They buy them for a certain price from a bigger dealer and then sell them to customers for a higher price. The difference in the two prices is their profit.According to Freakonomics they don't make hardly any money at all. See [here]: > A foot soldier had plenty in common with a McDonald’s burger flipper or a Wal-Mart shelf stocker. In fact, most of J. T.’s foot soldiers also held minimum-wage jobs in the legitimate sector to supplement their skimpy illicit earnings. The leader of another crack gang once told Venkatesh that he could easily afford to pay his foot soldiers more, but it wouldn’t be prudent. “You got all these niggers below you who want your job, you dig?” he said. “So, you know, you try to take care of them, but you know, you also have to show them you the boss. You always have to get yours first, or else you really ain’t no leader. If you start taking losses, they see you as weak and shit.”", 'I jsed to sell weed years ago. I used to get 40oz a month at £150/oz and sold at £10 a gram and still it was a better deal then everyone else . Made a nice bit of prodit and paid for 2 trips to thailand a year.
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How did lower framerates become associated with higher quality?
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The issue is more about motion interpolation on TVs that really bothers me. Mostly because it makes me feel like I'm on the set while they are shooting rather than allowing me enough "distance" from the material to feel immersed._URL_0_
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Why do we call Napoleon by his first name while other military leaders like George Washington or Erwin Rommel are referred to by their first names?
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Napoleon styled himself as Napoleon I when he was Emperor of the French. Which is also why his son called himself Napoleon II and why his nephew called himself Napoleon III. Napoleon saw himself as closer to royalty than to a military leader. We don't refer to kings and queens by their surnames, we use their first names - Richard I, Louis XIV, Elizabeth II, etc.
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Why the USA has such high rape rate beign a developed country?
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Getting accurate crime statistics is difficult, and comparing statistics between countries is even more difficult. Rape is probably one of the most difficult comparisons to make, because of the massive cultural differences in how it's defined by the criminal laws as well as how comfortable victims are reporting it and how the police respond when they do. That said, the UNODC data showed the US having a rape rate that was pretty comparable to other developed countries, like Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, and Belgium.Sweden, Australia, and Belgium all have higher rates, and New Zealand and Iceland have comparable rates. So I am not sure your assumption is accurate.
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How can you eat the same thing for breakfast every day and not get sick of it, but this doesn't apply to lunch or dinner?
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Can you? I certainly do not have the same breakfast everyday without getting sick of it. What breakfast do you eat every day?The purpose of various meals comes from a time when physical labor was the norm. Breakfast was an easy to prepare high energy meal that can be eaten quickly before you go off to toil in the fields. Lunch was a small, often portable meal that can be eaten during a break from toiling in the fields. Dinner was a large meal that could be eaten at leisure after you were done toiling in the fields. As such, culturally our expectations for variety and quality is lower with breakfast and lunch than it is for dinnerI would say it depends on the person. I can eat the same cereal each morning without an issue. However, my brother thinks it has to be something different each day. I don't have the explanation you're looking for, but I can confirm that the "Cookies and Cream" cereal is just as delicious as it was yesterday. .
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How can hair color be yellow, red, white but not green, blue or purple naturally?
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Melanin pigments are what give our hair color and they fall in the black/brown/red spectrum.It all has to do with Melanins yellow black brown are all colors that the body can make while white is the absents of a pigment and grey is just a little pigment . The reason we don't have other colored hair is our bodies don't know how.TL;DR our bodies don't know how to make proteins of those colors", 'Not all coloring is caused by pigments. Sometimes it has to do with the way light is refracted and reflected that makes something appear to be that color . “The blues and bright greens of many parrots are produced by constructive interference of light reflecting from different layers of structures in feathers .”
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How do supermarkets decide what items go on sale and when?
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They follow a calendar, supply & demand. Harvest time produce goes on special pies, turkeys go on sale for the holidays, eggs go on sale for Halloween, beers go on sale all the time for picnics, New Years, etc.
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why aren't traffic signs and lanes around the world universally the same?
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Two reasons: 1). They were all developed individually and there is little incentive to go uniform. And if there was, who's would you adopt? Any attempt would likely be ignored by the US anyhow. 2). There are going to be differences anyhow due to things like different road conditions and localization. Counties Luke to control these things and as long as the local population understand it that's all they need to know. Visitors can accommodate like they do with anything else.
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