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How people program "Angry Birds"-like physics and collision detection.
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I'm going to make some mock-code here. This is not real code, this is just so you can understand basically what's happening. object Bird { centerX = 50 centerY = 50 width = 20 height = 20 } building.frontEdge = 100 while { centerX = centerX + centerY = centerY + bird.frontEdge = center + if { do whatever for a collision } In reality, it's much more complicated, as the objects aren't prefect squares, and the physics calculations are more defined, but that's basically what happens. The bird is kept track of, where its shape is defined as different coordinates. If any of the coordinates are the same as the coordinates of the object it's supposed to hit, then a collision has happened.
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What is the purpose of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?
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It addresses two issues. First, it's a "good neighbor" policy. It's hard to fight graft and corruption when the funding for the graft and corruption is coming from another country. The US wants to be able to say "not our fault" when other countries bitch about how they can't control graft and corruption. Second, it avoids all sorts of loopholes. Can't bribe someone in the US? Bribe their brother in Uzbeckibeckibeckistan instead. Not being able to bribe anyone anywhere means there's no loopholes.
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- Why does it seem like the same WiFi network that quickly loads virtually any website on a desktop or laptop struggles to load Google in even a dozen seconds on a smartphone?
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I have an iPhone and have this problem too, sometimes, my phone won't search using the url/search bar or load _URL_0_. I don't know why this happens, but the only way I can get it to work again is to go on Bing or Yahoo and search for Google and click on it, after this, everything turns back to normal.
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Why do we love members of our family that aren't our parents?
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Because, evolutionarily speaking, they share a good bit of your genetic material. Furthermore, we're a social species. We basically lived in extended family groups for a lot of our history.Because we tend to love people who give us love. Family members typically do so in abundance, consistently through time and in unconditional waysThe same benefits that you get for loving your parents you get for loving other family members and in loving close friends.
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What is the use of a birth certificate?
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It proves you were born here and are a citizen. Without one, and without a record of one, they could try and deport you as an illegal immigrant. It also, you know, proves your age. For age-related things like getting into public school and getting a drivers licenseTo sign your kids up to play soccer. They are freakishly serious about this. A copy will not do!!
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why t-shirt companies place their tags that rip a hole in the t-shirt if you take it out and cause discomfort if you dont?
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1) So you can't remove the branding for the company 2) it's just how tags are for some people, they don't bother me, but they do some
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how does a ship with sails travel in a direction that opposes the wind, or the current of the water?
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The keel pushes against the water 90 degrees from the tipping axel of the boat kinda counteracting the force of the wind against the sail. Imagine this at around 130 or so degrees apart, the net force overall pushes the boat in the forwards direction. _URL_0_ More in depth explication.
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How do GPS satellites work and how does relativity effect them?
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Each GPS satellite transmits a signal that includes pseudorandom code and the state vector of the satellite. The same signal is generated by the GPS receiver. When the two signals are compared, the one from the satellite will be found to lag behind the one of the receiver because of the time it took for the signal to travel from the satellite to the receiver. This will indicate that the receiver is somewhere on the sphere that surrounds the satellite and is of a radius equal to the travel distance of the signal. Repeat this process with another satellite and we will have narrowed down the location to the doughnut formed by the intersection of the two spheres. Repeat with a third satellite and we will have narrowed the location of the receiver to two possible points. Often one of these points will be illogical so the solution can be defined. Sometimes a fourth satellite is needed. As for relativity it's pretty boring: the satellites are built to run at 10.22999999543 MHz on the ground so that when they're in orbit under the influence of velocity time dilation and a slightly larger amount of negative gravitational time dilation , they will run at 10.23 MHz.
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What would actually happen to your eyes if you stopped blinking completely?
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Your eyes would dry out and crack, become infected, and eventually rot right out of your skull. If it didn't kill you then the open wound would eventually scar over.
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If we all have a voice inside our head, at what point does it become a sign of schizophrenia?
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When the voice is not your voice. We all know our own inner voice. Imagine an uncontrollable foreign voice speaking in your head. That's schizophrenia.
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The concept of white privilege to someone like me who is not white
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White privilege does not mean that ever single white person enjoys advantages over every single person of other ethnicities. It's mostly referring to two things: * White neighborhoods are, in general, better off economically than minority communities - and tend to receive better education/police services.* Racism is subtle, but real. Little things like promotions at work, traffic stops, you name it - individually they're often in grey areas but in aggregate they show a clear preference towards whites. Those sort of things are also somewhat regional. Some regions of the US are fairly integrated and more beyond that stuff, some *way* less so. A wealthy family immigrating into a well to do integrated neighborhood in SoCal or something probably won't see that, but that's not exactly the typical experience of immigrants from Latin America.
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Do words in tonal languages (Chinese, Thai, etc) lose their tones when sung?
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For Chinese the answer is yes. Listeners infer the meaning of the words by their context, rather than their tone. I assume it is the same for other tonal languages. The same sort of tone-loss can happen when people simply speak really fast, too.
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What happens at the molecular level when a paper is cut by a scissor?
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I'm not sure how to word this given the limitation of a molecular level explanation, but you could say that the scissor's force is strong enough such that the electrons of the scissors repel the electrons of the paper enough to form a cut.Scissors exert shear force on paper fibers and tear them apart. This involves both simply pulling apart the fibers from their woven configuration, and actually breaking the fibers which would be breaking chemical bonds.
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How are rock songs constructed?
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> How exactly does the guitar interact with the bass, rhythm and vocals. Generally speaking, one instrument plays a lead melody, while all other instrumentation and vocals play harmonically-compatible parts which *support* that melody. On their own these supportive instruments do not play parts that could be considered distinct melodies, as they're designed to accent the lead melody. More complex rock music, and a great deal of music from other genres , will feature instruments playing completely *separate* but harmonically-compatible melodies, each of which could stand on its own as a distinct melody. If you require more information than that, I don't think your question is really ELI5 appropriate. You'll need to start learning music theory thoroughly, and from the ground-up. And [this] is as good as any place to start.
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Creatures like hermit crabs and snails thay move from shell to shell through their lives
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Snails don't change shells, they make their own. Hermit crabs will find abandoned shells from other animals, shells of dead animals, or will often kill snails to take their shells.
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Why don't I notice myself falling asleep?
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Your brain shuts down most functions while going into sleep mode. The function we're most interested in here is the long term memory. For example can you remember the dreams you had the last 7 days? How about last night? Probably not. You do however typically remember those dreams right as you wake up. It kind of works the same way. The part of your brain that store's memories gets shut down. Thus you are not able to recollect the act of falling asleep.
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how do we determine currency conversions?
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This was asked before: _URL_0_ See if that post answers your questionToday, rates are generally determined through supply and demand . Some piece of news, say a drop in the price of oil or an increase in unemployment, makes that currency less desirable, so it's value respective to other currencies that haven't had any issues drops. Other countries will "peg" their currency to another currency, say 6 Chinese Yuan to 1 USD. This means their central bank has a sizable hoard of the foreign currency , and are willing to exchange it for some set amount of their own currency. The central banks of the EU, as another example, pegged their currencies to the Euro, establishing its initial value. ---- Initially, nations used the gold standard, so it all came down to how much gold a nation had in its reserves. You just look at how much X gold is worth in each currency and that's the effective currency exchange ratio. After WWII, a lot of countries didn't have enough money to keep going, so they signed agreements pegging their currencies to the dollar , and the dollar to a gold standard. But as time went on, it was impossible to sustain. So eventually, in 1973, Nixon takes the US off the gold standard, and all nation's currencies are eventually free to do as they please: float, peg, etc.
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why, after years of civil war, is NOW the tipping point where so many Syrians are fleeing to Europe?
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They aren't fleeing, really. They're looking for a higher standard of living. If they were simply looking for shelter from war, they would not go to Germany. [Look at this map.] There are perhaps near a dozen countries, all of which are not at war, between Syria and Germany. Most go through Hungary, which is not as welcoming. However, the EU says they have to be registered in the country that they first arrive in. They don't stay in Hungary, they are going through Austria to Germany. That makes them immigrants, not refugees. Aside from the viral photos of dead children, which someone took the time to, instead of burying the child, take a high resolution photo, there are thousands of videos of them rioting on the streets and being generally cunts. A video was uploaded to youtube the other day of Syrian "refugees" throwing rocks at train station workers as they ran for Germany. They are doing this because Germany is advertising it. They, as well as Sweden, are literally putting up billboards advertising their countries. Norway and Denmark on the other hand are literally advertising for them to go away. they don't listen to Norway or Denmark. Why would they, when they can get free housing, food, shelter, and schooling at the cost of tax paying Germans and Swedes?
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Why is it not long after you wake up, it's very difficult to remember the more interesting dreams you had?
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Memories created in dreams almost immediately gets mixed up. They are created when the part of your brain that handles common logic isn't operating. The moment you wake up and that part of your brain starts to work on all of last night's memories to make sense of it all. The thing is how do you know that what you think you dreamt isn't just your brain making up what it wants to think based on a random set of nonsense.
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why do girls or guys put naked pictures of themselves on the internet ?
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1. Attention/validation/excitement;2. It's just a normal picture to them and the fact they are naked isn't an issue for them;3. They were paid at some point, but has been distributed by others freely;4. It was never meant for public dissemination but some asshole decided to put it out there;", 'Maybe a better question would be Why is nudity so taboo? Everyone has a body. Why is it so necessary that we cover ourselves and not let others see the skin on some parts of our bodies?
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How Does Stephen Hawking's Chair Work?
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Hawking suffers from motor neuron disease, and over time, he's become more and more paralysed. Early on in the disease's progression, his students were able to understand him , but as his disease progressed he's needed other solutions. In the mid-80's he had a tracheotomy, and lost his ability to talk verbally completely, which is when he switched to using a device with a single button that allowed him to spell our words. Some of the first text-to-speech software was installed on his chair, and because that voice has become tied to him, he's left it even though it sounds quite robotic and there's better sounding solutions these days. His disease has progressed to the point where he can no use his hand to control the button, and now uses a system that operates off his cheek muscles. _URL_0_
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Why is it that when you drink cranberry juice it creates a sort of texture in your mouth, but other juices do not?
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Some drinks/foods have something inside them called Tannins. Tannins bind with the proteins in your saliva on your tongue and cheeks, changing the surface of your mouth by taking away some of the natural coating that is normally thereCranberries contain large concentrations of a class of compounds called tannins, that bind strongly to proteins. They bind to residual proteins on the tongue, creating the dry texture that comes with drinking cranberry juice or wine.
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Why do judges and lawyers in the UK still wear those ridiculous wigs in court?
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Why do priests wear their collars backwards? Why do businessmen wear a strip of fabric around their necks that have no function? Why do chefs wear that puffy hat ? I think labeling something as "ridiculous is a bit subjective', "It's traditional and entirely optional. If the judge chooses to wear his wig and gown, then so do the barristers . Not all judges choose to wear them all the time, e.g. they are considered to be intimidating to children, so aren't worn in custody cases or criminal cases where a child is a witness. However, they tried to reform the court dress code a few years ago and there was overwhelming opposition to doing away with robes and wigs. There is a rank system within the legal system, and all the ranks wear different outfits, from junior counsel to QCs, judges and High Court judges. A law practitioner is given a ceremonial robe and wig when he is promoted through the ranks, but these are available to buy for day-to-day court appearances. The wearing of robes and wigs comes from the fact that the UK is a monarchy, and the court is owned by the Crown. Wigs have been worn by the aristocracy in the presence of the monarch since the 17th century. Now the protocol only applies to legal professionals and Lords . When you are in court, you are technically in the presence of the Queen, even though she's not in the building. Just one of those fussy UK traditions that refuses to die.
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How do animal eggs get their nutrients?
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The yolk contains the nutrients needed for the animal to grow. Think of the yolk as the place a of the egg. The fetus is attached by an umbilical cord to the yolk. By the time the animal is fully grown, the yolk nutrients have been used up.
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How does a compiler work and what language is a compiler written in?
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A compiler is basically just a translator. It turns one language into another one, just like a hypothetical machine that could translate English into Japanese. The output of a compiler is typically the computer's machine code. Compilers usually have a few pieces. * The lexer. This turns sequences of characters into tokens. For instance, the lexer may see this as input: "w
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What happens to people who were previously charged with illegal possession of marijuana after a new law legalizes it?
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It depends on the exact nature of the new law. All else being equal, they may still be convicted, or if already convicted may still be imprisoned, because they broke the law *as it stood at the time*. However, recognising that this is kind of silly where a law is introduced that basically says "welp, we shouldn't have had that other law in the first place", legislatures may put provisions in the law that cause pending prosecutions to be dropped, and may even automatically commute the sentences of people already convicted. This, though, is by no means guaranteed. All of that actually applies to *anything* that becomes legal after having previously been legal, not just possession of cannabisThey are still guilty of that crime, unless there is a law or executive action that provides clemency for those peopleIf I get it ticket for driving the wrong way on a one-way street, and they change it to a two-way street the next day, I still broke the law, and the ticket is still valid. The same is true with marijuana laws. Many states are *choosing* to drop pending cases, and are offering those convicted early release. But they are under no legal obligation to do soYou are responsible for the laws that are on the books at the time of the offense. The only exception to this is if a new law passes that is specifically written to retroactively rescind prosecutions and convictions of people previously caught under the law.
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The reason behind Colorado county secession vote today
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Many states have tensions between urban areas, which tend to be more liberal, and rural areas, which tend to be more conservative. In Colorado, which in recent years has trended liberal, legalized pot, banned high-capacity magazines, etc, the rural conservatives are particularly distraught. Of course, it's rather superficial. To secede from a state you need approval of that state and the federal government, and that is not going to happen. Basically they are just having a pointless ballot referendum on how annoyed they are at being on the losing side of various elections.I 've heard it been described as an attempt by the more conservative districts to send a message to the more liberal legislature that they are unhappy with the current state of government. Most commentators do not think that it is a serious movement towards an independent "North Colorado"I would also like to tack onto this if this has any religious implications?
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How do tape recorders adjust for the differences in spool sizes?
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The speed of the tape isn't controlled by the speed that the reels turn, it's the other way around. Part of the tape path, usually just after the heads, is a cylindrical drive called the [capstan], and a pinch roller to hold the tape against the capstan. The capstan turns at a constant speed and *that* is what determines how fast the tape moves. The feed reel and the take-up reel turn at whatever speed it takes to feed/take up the tape at the speed determined by the capstan.
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How substances like gasoline are able to store so much energy
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Hydrocarbon chains are made of carbon and hydrogen. When these substances undergo combustion, the carbon atoms bond with external oxygen to form CO2, and the hydrogen atoms bond with external oxygen to form H2O. Every time a complex molecule becomes a simpler molecule, energy is released -- the CO2 and H2O molecules are at a lower energy state. Petroleum is only able to form under considerable heat and pressure. So, in a sense, burning gasoline is kind of like releasing all that pent up heat and pressure that the petroleum underwent while it was below ground.The energy released by the combustion of petroleum was originally collected from the sun by plankton and other microorganisms through photosynthesis, and stored chemically in their cells, which were compressed and transformed into petroleum. This process went on for billions of years. It's not like wind or hydroelectric, where the sun heats up something and puts something into motion, which we humans can then capture with turbines, but if we don't it just dissipates. Petroleum was just piling up and getting ever more concentrated for billions of years. And now we just dig it out of the ground and burn it up.
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If teachers have to spend so much money out of pocket on school supplies for class why don't they just stop?
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Teachers are kind of strange in that they care about the children under their charge and also care about their jobs. Kind of crazy I know', "Former high school teacher here. Two thoughts come to mind. 1) Nobody gets into teaching for the money. If you're a teacher, you probably have some sense that people deserve equitable access to education and educational resources. It's difficult to ask someone whose job requires deep empathy to ignore problems that have clear solutions. Do I want to pay for classroom supplies? No. But they are necessary and a reliable alternative hasn't presented itself. I'll pay for them, report the cost on my taxes*, and do my best to ensure those kids aren't being cheated. 2) You're probably thinking too small here. The cost of pencils or paper isn't breaking teachers; it's technology. I know a lot of teachers that have to pay for their own computers, printers, projectors, document cameras and scanners because reliable ones aren't made available to them through the school or district**. Pairing technology with interactive teaching strategies can reduce the [achievement gap] and drastically improve classroom management, but so few low-income schools have access to those materials. We know how to fix the problem of education in America. We're just not willing to spend the money. *Teachers are capped on tax returns for teaching supplies. I recoup less than a fifth of what I spend in a year. **If they're made available, many of them have usage caps that prevent them from being functional for your given class sizes .
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why are YouTube videos not available to My country (u.s)
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Copyright issues. One company might have copyright laws registered in the US, but not in, say, Russia. So Youtube might block that video in the US because the company can sue them for hosting the video in the US, but won't in other countries.
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What sound properties do different musical instruments have different from each other?
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This has a lot to do with overtones and resonance. Resonance is pretty self-explanatory: how well something resonates throughout a room or building due to the sound waves bouncing and amplifying for a short period of time. Overtones are what make a sound "thick." When an instrument plays a note, there is a dominant pitch that registers. However, there is also normally other pitches that "surround" that pitch to make it sound fuller. Think of a male falsetto note, or Pavarotti hitting that same note. One is thin without many overtones, and one is huge and thick. If you play a note around a middle C on a piano and on a trumpet and a well-trained tenor sings the same note, none of these three things will sound the same as you have mentioned. This is because the piano has a fairly thin sound , the trumpet uses its brass make-up to increase resonance and overtones, and a tenor would use his entire chest and nasal cavity to resonate the sound a fill an opera house. This applies for all musical instruments with some louder, thinner-sounding, thicker-sounding, irritating, warm and colorful etc.. This isn't a conclusive answer to your question but it is a little knowledge that I know and I hope it's helpful.
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Why don't more satellites get damaged from space debris?
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While there is a lot of trash around, space is huuuuuge. And the chances of something beeing hit are pretty small. This map shows you all the sattelites in earth orbit _URL_0_ and just look at how much space there is inbetween them.There is a lot of space debris up there actually. It's just the vast dimensions we are handling up there make it realy unlikely for debris the size of a few centimeters, or even meters to hit something. Also most bigger pieces are constantly tracked and most satelites and the ISS can dodge them by changing their orbit slightly if the probability of an impact gets too big. It still happens sometimes.Happens more than i would have thought Being hit by tiny chips of paint, aluminum, steel, and other types of space garbage is a regular part of Shuttle missions, according to data maintained by Johnson Space Center’s Hypervelocity Impact Technology Facility. In 54 missions from STS-50 through STS-114, space junk and Wiki_box4meteoroids hit the Shuttle’s windows 1,634 times necessitating 92 window replacements. In addition, the Shuttle’s radiator was hit 317 times, actually causing holes in the radiator’s facesheet 53 timesFor satellites people have already answered you but in the case of the ISS, debris is a constant issue that has to be managed. Trash hits the station frequently and the astronauts have to go around the station with their suits and fix the possible damagesI feel like a pretty good number of "why doesn't happen to objects in space" questions can be answered with "Because space is massive and mostly empty space."
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Why don't humans (and other organisms) evolve into perfect beings?
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All evolution does is adapt you to survive and reproduce in your surroundings. If thats the end goal, humans pretty much are perfectFittest means, "reproduces the most." It does not mean physically perfect. Insects are fitter than any other form of animal life on the planet because they are the most numerous. Plants are fitter than insects, and bacteria rule supreme in our world. Anyway, to answer your question evolution isn't about perfection, it's about "good enough." Often times there are advantages and drawbacks to new adaptations, so when a species evolves in one direction they may improve in some areas and get worse in others. As long as adaptations allow a species to continue reproducing those adaptations remain regardless of whatever flaws they may hold.Survival of the fittest is an old concept. More realistic is 'survival of the good enough.' If you are good enough to survive, you tend to. It's also a fluid environment. Other organisms aren't sitting still while we evolve. The environment isn't unchanging. What is 'most fit' today is not necessarily most fit tomorrow.
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Why does direct deposit take upwards of two weeks to activate yet opening a credit account can take 20 minutes at a store?
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Assuming we're talking about direct deposit of a paycheck, it's likely your job that is causing the delay and not the bank. Businesses have to have their payroll and financial booking in order before they can pay you. They might not be able to handle financial changes on short notice for a variety of reasons. If they aren't able to do it within a week, then they have to push it to the next week since you probably only get paid once a week.
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Are Brooklyn, Staten Island, Queens, Bronx and Manhattan considered different cities? And what considers them boroughs?
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They're all part of New York City, though they were once separate and individual cities. As for what considers them “boroughs,” that's the colloquial name for the counties which now bear those names. Queens and the Bronx are the same in both cases, but Manhattan is New York county, Staten Island is Richmond county, and Brooklyn is Kings county. I refer you to Wikipedia for more.
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Why do animals like deer, kangaroos and such seem to vaporize when hit by a fast moving car?
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Vaporize? They don't. You can clearly see the bodies after contact. However, the blood is expelled as a loosely compacted liquid which, as liquids do at high velocity, disperses as a mist. Some of the internal organs would go with that, too, as they are very squishy, and squishy things hit by something large and moving fast tend to break into small bits -- especially when compressed quickly by the collapsing bone structure. As for being sent flying In the first video, the animal falls under either the front or the wheel of the vehicle. In the second, it definitely goes flying. Compare that to [this video of a deer] -- hoping it's the one I remember because I can't see videos at work. Should be a deer sent flying as it is hit by the front of the vehicle.The amount of acceleration is simply to high for the animals body to survive intact. Think of it like this. The point where the car hits, gets suddenly accelerated to the speed of the car, while the other side of the animal is still standing still. So before the rest of the body can accelerate to the same speed, the car compresses the animal so pressure inside the skin builds up to a point where the animal nearly explodes.You and every other animal is 70% water mixed with other stuff surrounded by a thin skin. You're essentially a water balloon.
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Why does it feel colder when you get wet?
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when water evaporates off your skin, the water takes some energy from its surroundings in order to change from a liquid to a gas. This is also why sweating makes you cooler. The evaporation of any water, sweat or otherwise, cools you down.
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How do swype keyboard work and how are they so accurate?
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You start on one letter. The computer takes a list of words that start with that letter. You swype to the next letter -the computer eliminates all words that don't have that letter next. You swype to the third letter and it eliminates more words and so on until you have only the word you swyped in. However, your input gets 'fuzzed' a little by fat fingers usually, so the computer is actually taking the group of letters around where your fingers are and creating several concurrent lists using the fuzzy inputs of each position your finger travels to. When you are done swyping it will present to the user the word that most closely matches the positions your finger traveled across, with other options shown that are either similar to the word you swyped in or presenting words that you could have typed if your fingers were a little bit inaccurate in their movements.
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the meaning behind this quote: "Karachi is like Gotham City.. except we have no Batman.. and our Joker lives in London"
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Karachi is currently experiencing some large problems; both in crime, and politically. This is in part due to [Altaf Hussain] who is the founder and leader of the [Muttahida Quami Movement] - a political party in pakistan based in the city of Karachi. The problems surrounding the party are complicated, but politics in Pakistan is often dangerous business involving murder and corruption. A large part of the Muttahida Quami Movement and the leader himself live in the UK due to fear of personal safety. **TL;DR**: Karachi is politically and criminally chaotic much like Gotham, except there is no one to help and the leader of the group of people causing these problems lives in LondonKarachi is in a state of increased violence, with many assassinations recently. Therefore like Gotham but with no Batman. The "Joker" is most likely an elected official currently in London while "Rome burns" back home. I cant be sure. It would be funny of you were from there an knew who the "Joker" wasCoincidentally, I watched [this] today. Give it a watch, it's Vice's take on what's going on in Karachi. The documentary I linked above refers to a politician Altaf Hussain, so "our Joker lives in London" may refer to [this guy], but I'm just guessing.
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Why is it that Russians are never (or barely ever) referred to as Asians, even though Russia is technically part of the continent Asia?
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Most Russians live in what is considered by most maps to be Europe. However, far more importantly than that, most Russians are ethnic Slavs and are far, far more culturally connected to Europe than any Asian culture.You've been misinformed your whole life, but not intentional.The country you know as Russia is a European country because it started off as a [European country.] Everything else was conquered/bought/claimed. Today, most Russians live in the European part, not spread out.Russia as a country evolved out of Ukraine, and expanded east before splitting up into smaller countries. Almost all of that eastern part is uninhabited thoughOK so there is no Asian continent and there is no European continent. Both of what we call "Europe" and "Asia" exist on the Eurasian continental plate so geologically speaking they are the same continent. This means that the line between asia europe is historically ethnic cultural one. In this sense Russia has existed in the European realm since about the bronze age. Russia is not really influenced by the eastern world until the Tartars begin serious raids on Russian territory.Russia is essentially a European country. The Russian ethnicity comes from Europe, most of the population lives in the European part of Russia, and the Asian parts are relatively recent conquests. Many ethnic Russians have settled in the east, but there are also many indigenous people who look more 'Asian'.
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What would happen if a civilian took the laws in their own hands (Catching criminals, helping the police etc.). Are there any legal restricitions against doing this, like Batman does?
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Canadian lawyer here. This depends massively on the jurisdiction you are in. In Canada, anyone is allowed to arrest someone they find committing an indictable offence , but there are certain restrictions. For example, if I'm going to arrest someone, I have to directly find them committing the crime. A cop can arrest someone if they have reasonable grounds to believe the person committed the offence; the cop doesn't have to catch the guy red-handed. The big problem with what Batman does is that most of his ass-kicking isn't arresting people, it's just ass-kicking. Or, to use the language of the criminal law, "assault causing bodily harm". The two main reasons that police will dissuade citizens from catching criminals on their own are that you're likely to get yourself shot or stabbed eventually, and there's a chance you could somehow screw up a chain of evidence or deprive the arrested person of their rights, which could mean that the prosecution can't succeed.There are two main legal restrictions. First, much of what the police do is illegal for a regular citizen. Police can detain people on reasonable suspicion, while more citizen's arrest laws usually require you to witness a crime. So a what would be to the police a routine stop, for you would be false imprisonment, or even kidnapping, and if you used force, assault. Second, police have what is called *qualified immunity* when performing their duties. That means if they make a mistake and something bad happens, they are not personally liable. Ordinary citizens do not. If you tried to effect a citizens arrest, and accidently injured a bystander, you could be financially responsible, even if the arrest was justified.
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Back in the old days of Minecraft Modding, why did we need to delete the "META-INF" folder to avoid a black screen?
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Meta-Inf is an address book of sorts. Minecraft will attempt to index everything in that address book. When modding old-school style, we replace files in the minecraft.jar itself. That will lead to some disrepancies in the addresses and whatnot. Minecraft then crashes cause it can't find what it expects. By deleting Meta-Inf, you effectively just tell it not to double check addresses, and everything runs as it should
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What is the "life expectancy" of the human civilisation?
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That's way too complicated to possibly predict, and as far as we know, there's likely not anything we could do to ourselves that would wipe us out completely, even if it would be catastrophic. Some humans somewhere would somehow limp to survival. Although we do know that at some point, increasing solar radiation will make the Earth uninhabitable, but that's like a billion years from now so it's nothing to worry about for now. I would say it's extremely likely there will still be humans in 10,000 years. Will the year 12014 look as good as the year 2014? Who knows. It depends on whether or not we get our act together and tackle all the problems that are easily solvable if we stop being a bunch of dumbasses. It's seriously not that hard to completely dismantle all nuclear weapons, institute 100% clean and renewable energy worldwide, end hunger and extreme poverty. But for the life of us, the people in power can't seem to get it done. But humans won't die out that soon. Global agricultural-industrial-information capitalist civilization may die if we don't solve these problems, but humans themselves ain't going anywhere, even if we have to revert to primitive agriculture or even hunting and gathering.Honestly, there are thousands of predictions for this. You have millions of variables that could alter the timeline hugely. Read this Wikipedia entry: _URL_0_Out of all the various possibilities, I like the idea that we continue to evolve, and okay so sure, while we end up as no longer *Homo Sapiens Sapiens*, "we" are still around. There are still people, you know? There's still love and music and compassion, and still hate and noise and brutality. There's still sentient life experiencing itself.
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Why does it take so long for new video game consoles to be produced?
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Consoles are typically sold at a loss to encourage people to buy them. This increases the install base, and developers want to target the largest audiences possible to maximize sales. Developers have to pay a licensing fee to the console manufacturers to release a game on their platform. So the reason it takes a while between generations is because the manufacturers need to make back their loss on sales and production time and then wait to turn their profits on the games soldThey have assembly lines producing the console and any changes require the assembly line to be changed & also games to be coded to take advantage of the upgraded hardware
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what's the difference between torque and brake horse power?
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Torque and HP are related by an equation: HP = torque * RPMs / 5252 Torque is the amount of twisting force available at that moment at the wheel. HP is the amount of energy the engine is able to produce, and they are in a fixed relationship with each other. When people argue about torque vs. horsepower for cars, it's usually because they don't understand that the two things are linked. For acceleration from a low speed, an engine which develops a lot of Torque at low RPMS will also be generating more power at that RPM. Given that you're usually making some sort of trade-off in any situation, those engines tend to generate less torque as their RPMs increase and therefore less power. Engines with their peak HP at high RPMs generally have trouble accelerating at low speeds because the RPM of the engine is necessarily low as it's attached to the wheels.
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Does the heat index (or wind chill) objectively effect the human body?
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Before I answer your question, I want to address your 99 vs. 100 degrees C example. Water will evaporate, very quickly, at 99 degrees C. It just won't quite reach boiling . Now, what causes the heat index is temperature *and* humidity. The amount of moisture already in the air. We cool ourselves off by sweating. The sweat evaporates from our hot skin, and as it evaporates it carries some of that heat with it, cooling down our bodies. However, the more humid the air the harder it is for sweat to evaporate. The air is already full of droplets of water, so there's no room for our sweat to move into the air. Because of this our excess heat can't be carried away, and we start to overheat more easily than if it was the same temperature without the humidity. Our internal heat rises more quickly because our coolant system can't function properly. With windchill, the moving air carries away heat from the surface of our skin, causing our bodies to lose it more quickly, thus lowering our body temperature. As an aside, this is why "dry heat" is so dangerous. Because there's virtually no moisture in the air, our sweat evaporates very quickly and we have an easier time of maintaining a healthy body temperature. However, it's still hot and we're sweating so much that you're rapidly losing water, with can very quickly lead to dehydration.
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Why do modern TVs seem to increase the framerate of video, even when to footage is decades old?
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Modern televisions have a setting that is usually turned on by default that causes this effect. The way it does it is by looking at two frames in the image, seeing what the differences are, and "guessing" what another frame between the two would look like if it was there when the show was recorded. The TV then creates this extra frame, and gives the appearance of the TV show or film being recorded at 48-60 FPS.
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Short Film Industry. How do short films make money? How much do the directors/producers/actors earn on average?
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They generally don't unless you win an award. They're usually funded by art grants or private investors as a proof of concept for the director and/or crew's talents.
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I read somewhere it's impossible to overdose on melatonin. But, what would happen if I consumed an entire bottle at one time?
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I was laying in bed sleeping when I woke up adrenaline pumping fully alert. I couldn't move, I was paralyzed. My body didn't do the "feels like I have a million pound weight" deal, just didn't do crap. Standing over me was a demon dressed in a white dress. I 've heard stories of the white light, etc. I thought this was the end. I must have died in my sleep. It seemed like 30 seconds. I was scared shitless. Reality was it was 2 seconds. I had sleep paralysis. The huge dosage of melatonin I took made it where I still had the chemical that paralyzes you so you don't act out dreams in me when I woke up. Melatonin is a hormone, not a drug, so overdosing is different. But I'll be damned if I ever take too much ever again.Well, it can cause a number of unpleasant side effects. The most mild of the side effects are nausea and daytime drowsiness. There's also a risk of Paranoia, Delusions, Hallucinations, and Seizures, so don't try to find out.
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Why do I see the same length of my body in the mirror no matter how far I am from the mirror?
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What do you mean by "length of my body"? Do you mean you see yourself as the same height? You see yourself as the same height because you are still the same height. looking in a mirror is like looking at a person on the other side of a piece of glass, standing as far from the glass as you. Since they're still the same height, they'll still appear to be the same height.
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What are the differences between mechanical keyboard switches?
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Mechanical switches differ not only in actuation force, but also in the profile of that force. A switch might be designed to require a high force to begin moving, but then it lightens up. Or it can be made to get heavier as you push it. They can also differ in how much force it takes to keep them depressed, and with how much force they come up with. The design of the actuation in that article effects all of these.Red keyboards have no tactile feedback when pressing the key down. This does a couple things, it makes it easier to push the key and it makes the keyboard a lot quieter. The positives to this is that for some people they finding gaming to be a bit easier because the keys are able to be pressed more quickly. Some people find the lack of feedback distracting and hard to tell the precise moment that the key is pressed that you'd get with a more pronounced actuation point. Blue keyboards are basically the old school heavy, press, clanky keyboards. They are loud and you have to clank down the keys to get them to press. Old school keyboardists prefer this type of keyboard. Browns are a cross between the two. Some tactile feedback, not a lot, not too loud, but not quiet either.
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the speed of light through different materials.
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That's an error a lot of people make. Light itself doesn't slow down, it only appear to slow down. Light isn't bouncing around inside the material, because it that would be the case, then light would be scarttered in all direction when exiting the material and there would be a randomness in the apparent speed of light depending on how many time each photon bounced. And it isn't being slow down like a person through deep mud because atoms are mostly empty space, so most photon woudn't be affected by the material. The answer is that when light enter a material it will lose energy to the atoms. Those atoms will absorb some of that energy and will remit light themself. All those smaller wave will create a sort of interference with the initial wave and the net total of all those wave will create a wave travelling slowler than the speed of light, even if all the individual wave travel at the speed of light. It's a bit like adding a bunch of vectors together.
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Why are we circumcised?
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From what I understand, it was a religious reason to Jewish folks, but it became more mainstream when John Kellogg recommended it to prevent masturbation. I may be wrong, but that's what I understand of the subject.
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What is the difference between techno and electronic?
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Techno originates from the 80s in Detroit. It sounds dark, industrial, and sometimes depressing. A good example is Prodigy - Breathe: _URL_1_ Electronic is a catch-all term for all music that uses electronic instruments. "Electronica" is not a genre. It is a marketing buzzword from the 90s when electronic music became more mainstream. You can find more information here: _URL_0_
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Why are so many universities selective with admissions if more students means more revenue?
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Imagine you have a movie theater that seats 200 people. There's a popular movie coming out. Would you sell 800 tickets to the show? I mean, that'e more revenue, right? Well, yeah, but you can't handle that many people. So, capacity and infrastructure are part of it. Another part is that limiting the number of students helps them maintain the cachet as an in-demand school. You can be pickier, take the most promising students, and keep a reputation for being a quality institution.
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If residential solar is such a good investment, how come 95% percent of homes don't have it yet?
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Probably because it takes 10 - 20 years until you have your costs cut and start to make profits since solar panels aren't cheap at all. Here in germany the goverment was support solar panel companies but have since cut those supports.high initial cost, low rate of return, and the systems are fairly complicated, making any possible damages capable of quickly consuming any potential benefit.Residential solar is still a bad investment. It is a large capital expenditure today, with a 10+ year break-even. There's considerable risk involved ", 'My HOA actually has it banned. Fucking commies.Something I haven't seen yet: We also keep hearing that it's half as expensive as it was yesterday, and it'll be 50% cheaper tomorrow. Who's going to buy it today with promises like that?
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Why do so many airline pilots have alcohol problems?
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Poor pay, irregular hours, spending time away from family, stressful environment and lack of rest to name a few.I think your premise is false. If this were true, it wouldn't make the news. I think the fact that it happens so rarely is what makes it newsworthy.
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Why did some animals become mainstream pets?
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They were the easiest to tame and domesticate. Also, some had actual uses beyond "companion".Dogs that liked to be around humans did better than those who didn't. Eventually dogs lived in our villages and ate our garbage in exchange for offering us some protection.Pets are a fairly recent development. In the meaning of keeping an animal for poor enjoyment, rather than usefulness. Apart from birds, which have been kept for much longer for pure enjoyment. Most of what we keep as pets now used to be kept as working animals. And food . Keeping rodents and reptiles/spiders as pets is even newer. Wealth and more leisure time is probably the biggest factor. We now have the money to feed animals that we have no need in keeping and the leisure time to spend time with them for fun.Like a king charles cavalier spaniel. I can picture one of those mother fuckers purched on a throne in the 15th centur the same way he plops himself on the high pillow my parents place for him in the middle of the couch. He knows who the boss is and he doesn't give two squirts of piss about you if you ain't it.
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Why is it so incredibly difficult to hold in a bowel movement?
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The anus is an involuntary scphincter. When you try to hold in your poops you are controlling muscles around the anus but not the anus itself. Once there is enough internal pressure the anus will relax and there is nothing you can do about itThe real question is why the pressure goes away completely if you hold it in long enough. I wish it was like that when you have to pee.
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How big is an atom?
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Let's try with size comparisons. For reference, the average measures I'll use are as follows: the diameter of a grain of sand is 0.2 millimetres, the diameter of an atom is about 200 picometres, and the diameter of the nucleus alone is 10 femtometres. Now for the comparison: If a grain of sand was the size of planet earth then the diameter of an atom would be 40 feet and the nucleus would be smaller than this -- > • < -- The nucleus is where all the neutrons and protons are. The rest of the atom size is made of the electron cloud orbiting around the nucleus. In other words, mostly emptiness.
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Why (or how) do certain mobile apps and programs make phones heat up and drain battery so quickly? And how does fixing a certain string of code fix that?
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Most of the time, most parts of your phone aren't being used, or aren't being used fully. - The GPS chip is switched off when you're not using location services - The cellular data chip goes into a lower power mode when you're not sending/receiving data - Even the processor isn't used very much when the app is just waiting for user input, and can be slowed down However, all of these rely on the app telling the operating system what services they're using, and when they've finished with them. So a bug can result in the operating system leaving some hardware switched on, or in a higher power mode, even when it's not needed, because the app hasn't told the operating system it's not using that piece of hardware any more.
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How does ADHD affect the brain?
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You know the story of the ant and the grasshopper? The ant works hard, plans for the future, prepares and stores food for winter. Grasshopper fucks around all summer, procrastinates, does whatever he wants and when winter comes he's caught off guard and underprepared. Well, in the brain of an ADHD person, the ant is having a nap and the grasshopper is running the show. They have difficulty with executive function Basically the part of the brain that tells you "that's a bad idea" or "you shouldn't do that" or "you should be doing " is under active. This is why stimulants are used to treat ADHD. They give the ant part of the brain a jolt and help him rein in the grasshopper.No one here has really gotten to is the core of your question. Though u/tacofeet probably came pretty close. The short of it is this: You have an deficit of norepinephrine and dopamine all over the brain but specifically in the prefrontal cortex. This area is responsible for planning, decision making, etc so if you don't have enough of these neurotransmitters it makes doing those things very difficult. Other areas of the brain that are effected lead to the decrease in drive, motivation, wakefulness, attention, and all the other symptoms of the disorder. Like was said before, stimulants help to tread ADHD by increasing the norepinephrine and dopamine output from neurons. As someone with the disorder, I recommend reading in to it because it's very interesting!
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Why are almonds cheaper in milk form?
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> Doesn't it take way more almonds to make a half gallon of milk then 6oz of raw almonds? Not "way more", no. Depending on the recipe, I 've seen something like 6oz - 8oz of almonds for half a gallon of almond milk. And keep in mind that you don't need almonds in great condition. If you're buying almonds to eat, you probably want them to be whole and unbroken, and that's going to command a slightly higher price. But for almond milk, the appearance doesn't matter, since they're going to be ground up anywayIt has water as well, which makes up a significant portion of the weight and is much cheaper than almondsAlmost milk is not "milked almonds", it's almonds and water. Additionally, you can use almonds that wouldn't be cosmetically acceptable for sale for eating as snack-almonds. You can use bits and pieces and parts and ugly onesAlso, almond flour is made from the remainder of the almonds after milking, so they can make some additional money by selling that.
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When I pee, am I peeing out the water I drank recently, or the water I drank yesterday to make room for the new water?
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When you drink water, it eventually becomes part of your blood. Your kidney regulates your blood pressure by drawing out water from the blood, which gets excreted as urine. So it's not really possible to differentiate water you drank now from water you drank earlier or even water your body produced.Imagine it like pouring glasses of water into a barrel with a spigot on the bottom. What you pee out is a mixture of the water you drank last week, the water you drank yesterday, and the water you drank 20 min agoWhy is it when I goto the pub and have a couple of pints I "break the seal" and literally have to go every 10 minutes?The water that you pee out is water that has been sent to your bladder via the kidneys. This is mostly removed from your blood. Water takes some time to go from being drank to making its way into your blood. Your kidneys also only remove water at a certain rate. Depending on how fast those two processes occur, some of the water you just drank could be peed out. Most of it though is water that you drank at an earlier time.You pee out the water in your body which your kidneys think is too much there.This water in your body has been drunk by you.The water you drink gets absorbed by your intestines.When it gets absorbed, it doesn't just stay there in a large blob, it comes through in very tiny parts which will become part of your bodies fluid. So it is all mixed once it got absorbed.
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Human babies are a luxury?
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Our large brains mean we have to be expelled from the body before we grow too large to fit through the birth canal, so as a result we have to do a lot of our growing outside the body. Our brains are also the reason why we have and can use weapons to prevent being eaten by a lionBecause we are a K selected species: [_URL_1_] As for the question of whether human babies are a luxury . perhaps look at carrying capacity overall for planet earth:_URL_0_
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Seeing all of these Harambe & Deez Nuts votes in the presidental elections, What would happen if one of them actually got the majority of the votes?
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If the person behind the name *was* eligible, then he or she could get the job. In the last election in the UK, Lord Buckethead stood against Prime Minister Theresa May in her constituency: if he had one, she would have lost the PM job , and he would have become an MPHarambe is not human, and is deceased so does not qualify. All votes to him are void. Deez Nuts is not the real name of the child, and they are under 35 and so not eligible. All votes to him are also void. So the electors for that State would give their vote to the eligible candidate with the most votes.
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How can movies shot in the 1980s and 1990s be released on HD platforms such as Bluray?
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Yes, the original 35 mm film had much higher resolution than Blu-ray. Remember, they were meant to be shown on a huge cinema size screen if you put up a Blu-ray movie on a 20 meter wide screen it wouldn't look nice.Thoses movies were filmed on film. 35mm film. This is a pretty good stuff in fact.We you you realease a movie in VHS or DVD, you take the film and transfer it to the desired format. But you often lose quality in the process : its like encoding an audio CD to mp3. To produce a good quality blue ray, they just take the original film and redo the whole transfer process.Just to put this into perspective HD video on bluray is 1920x1080 pixels. That is just over 2 megapixels. 35mm film doesn't translate precisely to megapixels, but it has effective resolutions in the range of 25-100 mega pixels. And 70mm film has about 4 times the resolution of 35mm film. So if you have a good archival copy of a film, that has been properly stored, it will be somewhere between 10 times and 200 times as sharp as bluray. There is no problem making excellent bluray versions of these films.
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Before electronic currency, how did central banks, e.g the Fed, pay for the production of legal tender (bills/coins)?
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Electronic bookkeeping was not the first time balances were written down rather than represented with physical objects. Did you think that when I deposited $50 in a bank in 1950, that exact $50 bill was kept in the vault until I asked for it back? No, they took the bill, added it to their stash, and added 50 to the number next to my name. Did you think that, to give my son money for college in 1970, I would have to literally drive across the country with $1000 in a suitcase and hand it to the Bursar? You do know that checks predate electronics, right? All the Fed had to do back in the day was take the materials that were to be used to print the money, and pay for them with a debit on their account, and a credit on their supplier's account. Same with the laborers. Tim Berners-Lee did a lot of great things, but he didn't invent writing down numbers.
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How do planes land safely on seemingly not safe days?
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Airplanes are much heavier than cars, so they slip less. It's the same reason a heavier car won't slide off the highway as easily as a smaller car. Plus, the runways are very long and very straight, so they're designed to have lots of room for stopping ", 'Most jets also have some form of anti-skid protection, specifically designed to keep the plane under control on a wet runwayAlong with these other answers, nearly all the runways commercial aviation uses are grooved so water can runoff easier.
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If I go back a couple of hundred generations I would have more direct ancestors than there were people alive on the planet: How is this possible?
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Incest o/ edit: to clarify: At some point multiple of these positions in your tree of origin are occupied by the same person.
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Why do toe nails typically have fungus while fingernails usually don't?
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Toenails often are confined in a dark, warm, moist environment — inside your shoes — where fungi can thrive.Toes usually have less blood flow than do fingers, making it harder for your body's immune system to detect and stop infection.
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How are tyres attached to wheels?
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In car tires, there's a steel wire that's on the edge of the rubber tire. This wire is forced over the lip of the car wheel when mounting the tire. Then tension of the wire combined with friction of the rubber and air pressure seals the tire to the wheel. In some off-road wheels, a securing ring of bolts is used called a beadlock.
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why do you always get a distinct feeling/smell/ thing when you get struck in the nose or face?
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I don't think the exact cause is known, but shocks to the brain - which could come through a blow to your face - can produce these odd taste sensations. They're common in concussions. Presumably a taste center in the brain is being knocked and playing up. You should get any potential concussion checked out in case there's a serious injury.
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Why do Americans use 'mom' and not mum also change other words?
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For the same reason you don't use Ye Old English like you read in Shakespeare's plays, or even the most obscure English from way before that. Language change, and that's fleek, it's lit, it's groovy, and it's far out, man.Mom is the older shortening of "Mother". As with many things it is the British not the Americans that changed thingsA lot of so-called "Americanisms" were actually the original British word that died out or changed in the mother country, but were preserved in America. Or, as in the case of "fall/autumn" for example, there were kind of two words for the same thing, and a different one ended up getting preserved in each country.To expand on the other answer, one of the big sources of difference between US & other instances of English is that when the printing press was first getting really popular, spelling and the possible uses of particular letters wasn't yet standardized. Different writers, editors, and publishers would adhere to different standards or make up their own, particularly due to the influence of our large multilingual immigrant population. However! That all changed in the US mainly thanks to Noah Webster, who spent most of his life creating and revising a dictionary specifically intended to standardize English as it was used in America. He chose to break with the prevailing trends in UK English to better solidify the American identity as distinct from our progenitors, and in addition to his efforts with the Webster dictionary, he also made readers and other texts for early American schools. I know that English in the UK actually went through a lot of changes as well since that time, but you'd need to get more info on that subject from somebody else.Mum? Filthy Cockney. I only refer to her as Mater.
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Why do I sometimes 'hear' my heart beat through my ear when I lay my ear on a pillow?
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You are hearing your pulse as it travels through your ear. The pillow blocks out most external sound, and you laying at rest causes you to focus on certain things.
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Why when I press on my skin it leaves a white spot for a couple of seconds?
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You have tiny blood vessels near the surface of your skin . When you push on your skin you force blood out of them. When you release it takes a fraction of a second for the blood to return.It's called capillary refill and one of the many simple tests a doctor or clinic might make, push and see how long it takes for color to come back.Blood. You squeeze it out of your skin, and then it comes back when you relieve the pressure.
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When animals are pregnant and then give birth, does the mother understand what is happening?
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Before you answer this question you have to answer "What do animals understand?". There is limited evidence that animals have the same self-awareness that humans do. _URL_0_ Skip to about 5 minutes for an explanation on the explanatory gap and the 'theory of mind\'.
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Why aren't people electrocuted during a flash flood/storm?
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Being electrocuted in the water isn't easy. I know you get told a lot about not taking a bath during a lightning storm. But chances are even if you did, nothing would happen. There are still thigns taller than you, still a whole lot of places for electricity to conduct more readily, and a lot of space between you and the lightning even in a close strike. Its not that dangerous to be honest. But in certain circumstances, specific ones, it can really hurt or kill you. When you have a flood, its highly unlikely for all the worst things to happen at the same time in any given place.Ive been electrocuted in a flood. It was about a 5ft radius around the washer machine. It was a sharp tingle and I was confused at first. Sometimes when passing by it made my leg jerk a bit. Somehow the ceiling fans got all weird too. They would straight up electrocute your arm upon pulling the string and youd have to yank away.
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How do simple traffic stops/calls escalate to deadly force for police officers/offenders so frequently?
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The thing is that its not frequent. They dont report the millions of traffic stops that operate smoothly. They find the one or two that escalated and report the crap out of it until people start to believe that cops are killing black people for no reason or drug dealers are gunning down cops on the regular. & nbsp; Situations escalate when either a criminal doesnt want to go to jail and he's armed, or the suspect and officer fail to communicate properly, someone gets scared and someone gets shot.
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What is the source of heat for the Earths core?
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> What is the source of heat for the Earths core? A small portion is residual heat from the initial collapse of material into the gravity well of Earth, but the majority at this point is from radioactive decay of heavy elements in the coreThe majority comes from radioactive decay. There are various elements in the core which are not stable; slowly, over time, they decay into lighter, more stable elements. This doesn't produce much heat per volume, but that heat has nowhere to go; the crust makes for a very effective "blanket" to keep that heat inside. That, combined with the sheer size of the planet, means that the core is hot enough to be molten . Other sources of heat include the residual heat from Earth's formation and tidal heating from the moon. For tidal heating, note that the moon doesn't pull all parts of Earth equally: the side closest to the moon feels the moon's gravity slightly stronger than the side farthest away. This leads to Earth squishing a bit , which means some friction internal to the planet. Some celestial bodies feel this effect so strongly that it is sufficient to melt their core on its own; Jupiter's moon Io is a notable case of this. The relative size, distance, and mass of the moon means that it wouldn't be enough to keep Earth's mantle molten on its own.
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Why iOS update is 75MB but requires 1.5GB to install?
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Because that 75 MB contains 3kb of changes to make to this 1MB file, and 2kb of changes to make to this 2MB file, etc etc. when it installs, it has to load the original file, duplicate it, apply the changes, and then return the file to its original place and delete the original. So why don't they just do this one file at a time, instead of doing them all at once? I am guessing this has to do with safety. If you do it one file at a time and the process gets interrupted, you can end up with a half-applied update and completely bricked phone. OTOH, if you store all the modified files until the last second, there is a much smaller chance of the process being interrupted at a crucial point, and he phone can more easily fall back to its previous functional state.
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Why does the combination of a fedora/trilby, graphic tee, and shorts make my skin crawl?
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You've probably gotten such a negative/weird view of these people from Reddit so when you finally saw one you had a pre-determined opinion.
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Muscular tone. Why do muscles get harder? How? Why do they get 'soft' faster than they get hard. What's the difference with muscular mass?
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The fibers aren't really getting "tougher" they are getting larger. Muscle fibers are composed of smaller structures called myofilaments . It is the creation of more myofilaments which causes muscle growth or what we in science call hypertrophy. When you exercise, you damage the protein in the muscle. This sends signals for your body rebuild. If given the right materials, you're body will repair itself and then add a little more growing larger than before. When you lose what you refer to as muscle tone. It is really just the muscle fibers getting smaller. We call this atrophy. Essentially, you lose what you don't use. This is where the phrase "use it or lose it" holds true. It is much, much more complex than this. However, this is my ELI5 version. If you have any other questions ask away. source: master's student in kinesiology: emphasis in exercise physiology
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How does head lice start?
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Head lice is a great example of how infection can spread. It doesn't spontaneously happen. Someone carries it, and passes it on. You and your family are lice free. Your 2 kids go to school, one in daycare, one in kindergarten. The kindergarten and daycare are also lice free. Your kid goes to the museum and plays dress up with other kids they've never met before. One child who tries on the roman centurion helmet before your child has lice. Your child now has lice. Playing with your second kid at home, they pass it on to them. Both your children go to school and pass it on to kids they play with. Each of those kids passes it on to their siblings. One of those kids goes to Disney Land and tries on a bunch of Mickey hats, passing it on to the next child that tries on the hat. The process starts again. Rapid control and elimination is the solution. The faster you get an infectious disease or parasite under control, the less it can spread. Some species of pubic lice have been all but eliminated in parts of the western world due to the popularity of trimming or removing pubic hair. Without a habitat, the species died. If it became fashionable to shave your children's heads until they were teenagers, head lice would see a similar species collapse.
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What is a Caveat?
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The most common usage of the word is used as a warning. An example would be "You should update your computer firmware with the caveat that if you do it in the wrong order you could brick your system."', "It is the Latin for 'beware'. The phrase 'caveat emptor' translates as 'buyer beware' . So a caveat has come to mean 'something to be aware of'.It's like a warning. "he added the caveat [the warning] that the results still had to be corroborated"
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In regards to colleges/universities, how does "tenure" protect someone from being fired?
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I'm far from an expert, but I believe it's essentially an employment term that acknowledges an advanced academic skill set and offers permanent employment to retain access to those skills even if they're not currently required or aren't meeting any desired output criteria. I think it effectively protects you against being made redundant and adds a lot of red tape, rather than actually making it so that you literally *cannot* be fired. I'm sure if a tenured professor committed some act of gross misconduct or breached their employment terms in some significant way they'd end up just as fired as anyone else, right?
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Will the number of atheists increase as time goes on?
How would a society where atheists are the largest group behave?
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> How would a society where atheists are the largest group behave? Like Norway.There's an atheist awakening that's only local to the United States, where the proportion of open atheists currently raises as time goes on. In other parts of the western world, atheism is already well established, and sometimes even the norm. This can answer your last question: there *are* countries where atheists are the largest group, such as in Northern Europe. Just have a look at them.The number of ANY particular demographic is likely to increase as time goes on. Athiests, Catholics, clowns, ferret ranchers more people = more of the various types of people, see? Now, whether the *percentage* of people who are atheists will go up that's a different question, and given that they don't have any kind of proliferation doctrine it seems unlikely. This, by the way, is utterly not an appropriate ELI5 post. More like AskReddit. Fair question for discussion, certainly, but it doesn't have an "answer" per seOne of the biggest mistakes people make in regards to morality and ethics is tie it to religion. They then assume that an atheistic society would be necessarily immoral. Nothing could be further from the truth. Morality has absolutely nothing to do with religion and those that study ethics generally scoff at the idea of theological ethics.
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Kneeling during/sitting in national anthem disrespect to armed forces?
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It's only disrespecting the armed forces in a super roundabout way. In the US, we stand to pay respect to the flag, which represents the US. If you're in uniform you also salute. Maybe other professions as well, like police and firefighters, but I don't know for sure. Our military fights for the US, and in some cases comes home covered by that same flag. I don't consider it as disrespecting our armed forces personally. I just think he's a dickhead. I don't think ANYONE is super proud of America right now, what with the candidates we've chosen for ourselves, but the courtesy is to stand and remove any headgear. Personally speaking, there's lots of things I think are atrocious about America, but that's why we need to strive always to make America better. I still manage to stand on my feet when the anthem is played, because America is imperfect, but I work to make it more so. Essentially, the dude acted like a teenager getting punished, acting out because he didn't like a situation.
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How can companies own the rights or patent a chemical?
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A government must exist that creates laws that say such ownership is legal, then it's sold to that company from the government. Some things are not legal as property in some countries so a patent is different in every single country and a patent in one country does not transfer legally to be a patent in another country.
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how do you make a Haiku?
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A Haiku is a poem written in a 3 line format. It doesn't need to rhyme, or have rhythm or anything like that. It literally only needs to follow the pattern of syllables per line 5 7 5. This is a haiku. This line has more syllables. Than the first and last. is a Haiku.
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why do some countries (such as the U.K.) drive on the opposite side of the road as the U.S.? When the car was invented, why was no standard created?
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Driving on the side of the road was decided way before the invention of the car. If I remember correctly the UK drives on the left because when everybody had swords and road around in horse and carriages they would ride on the left so they could joust with their favoured right hand should they need too. Over time this just became the norm and it stuck. No reason to change itFirst of all, the standard was invented long before the invention of the car, and it developed differently from coutrry to country. Secondly, the car was invented, reinvented, and reimagined by many companies, many times in many different countries. The companies sold to the local market, so they designed their cars to fit the domestic laws.it varies between country. in the US it was a practical concern. horse drawn loads were driven by men with whips. since they were right handed, sitting on the left gave them more space. since they're sitting on the left side of the vehicle, they could more easily manage passing on the left, where they had full view of the wheels and horses."Why was no standard created?" as with many things, there was no one sole decider to set the standard. So people just did whatever worked, and there isn't always just one way that works.
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ELI(foreign)5: Why is Boy Scouts of America such a big deal?
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The Boy Scouts is like an after-school club that kids can join. A lot of boys are in the Boy Scouts - it's very popular. They do fun things, like learn how to light fires, and tie knots, and navigate. They work on projects which, when they finish them, they get a [badge], which they can sew to the vest of their Boy Scout uniform. When they get old enough, they can do a very big, difficult project to become an [Eagle Scout], which can help them get into college easier. Currently, the Boy Scouts are in the news for [denying gays membership]. Edit: Wording.The Boy Scouts is an extracurricular organization that is a big part of the culture of America because it has been so old and popular. Previous generations of kids would join it not only to get taught survival skills, but also life skills and "moral values" through volunteer work and learning skills. This earns them badges for their accomplishments. It's like being a more practical and dedicated choirboy. The problem is that they discriminate against homosexuals, atheists and agnostics, which conflict with today's and the future's moral values. They are permitted to do this because they are a private religious organizationWhat specific aspect of the BSA are you talking about? Scouting is a world-wide thing, with each country having slightly different rules.It's something of a tradition for kids to join the boy scouts.
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Morning wood, and if a similar phenomenon occurs in women
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There are a few theories about why this happens but scientists aren't exactly sure the cause of morning wood. Women will also get clitoral erections in the morning but they're not as noticeable.If I recall correctly the penis being flaccid is a reflex, at sleep the reflex is partially inhibited, thus creating temporary erections in varying intensity throughout the night.
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The USPS suffered a $5.3 billion loss in the most recent quarter of this year, is there a possibility that the Postal Service could go out of business? What happens then?
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If the USPS gets in too bad of a financial situation, the US government will have to reabsorb it; there are way too many things the government needs it for to just let it go out of business.USPS isn't a business, it's a service. This distinction ***must*** be made. USPS gets most of their funds from postal products that they sell, and they get very little tax money.A conservative scam to crush the post office since many postal employees vote democraticHere is a good long analysis of the [issue]
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Why can't the UN's blue helmets intervene with force when the situation calls for it?
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This is actually my debate topic for this month! Technically, they can, it just has to follow the 3 principles of peacekeeping. They must [1] have the consent of the host country [2] Impartiality in their dealings , to protect the civilians without furthering the conflict and [3] Non-Use of Force Except in Self Defense or Defense of the Mandate, So they can only use force if they are being threatened, the civilians are directly being threatened currently, or the U.N. Security Council authorizes offensive actions ', "Perhaps the biggest reason that they don't intervene is that there are five countries with different agendas who all have veto power. If any one of them doesn't want UN action, the UN won't go in.
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Why do toddlers like to see their own reflections so much?
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"It looks like me, but I'm right here, it moves the same as me too, I must observe the specimen."', "There's lots of theories about how mirrors and seeing oneself in a reflection is important to an infant's development. [Lacan's theory of the 'mirror stage'. ]
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What will happen if a skinny guy lifts lots of weights without eating a ton?
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He'll get leaner and stronger, but not much bigger and not as much stronger as he would were he to eat more.A lot of "skinny" guys are out of shape and actually carry some body fat. While I was wrestling, we had a trainer that would occasionally do body fat measurements. A lot of skinny guys, just starting out would routinely roll in with 12-18% body fat. During initial training these guys would get stronger, but their weight would drop some as they shed the fat. Then after some time they would level out, get looking pretty ripped and return 5% body fat measurements while sitting pretty close to the weight they started atFrom the standpoint of a dietitian, he would need to be eating more protein the repair the muscles that get "injured" or "ripped" because of the physical activity so he would most likely just lose weight and not build much muscle at all. He 'd also be very fatigued due to burning more than he's taking in.
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How come when you take a picture of your computer screen on a cell phone/digital camera all the pixels show up?
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Well the reason is simple. When you see a monitor it is actually projecting more than one image at any given time. This is how we create motion. Without getting into to much detail you can push your mouse and the little arrow will move around. So what is actually happening here is multiple images are being displayed and thus you have movement! So when you take a picture you are only grabbing one frame of the screen. With a fancy camera you can take a long exposure shot by adjusting the shutter speed function and will have a more rich looking image of your screen.
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I just don't understand Citizens United.
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First of all, Corporate Personhood was established in the late 1800s, way before Citizens United. And secondly, your question has nothing to do with your example. The issue with Citizens United had to do with Campaign Finance. Before the case, there were limits on what an entity could do in terms of Broadcasting political ads before an election, they were limited within 30 days of a primary, 60 for a general election. The SCOTUS overturned previous cases, which essentially allowed entities like SuperPACs to broadcast political ads like anyone else. It is still illegal for them to donate directly to a campaign fund, but that point is moot, since the major point of campaign funds is to raise funds for ads, so by simply being able to pay, produce and broadcast political ads on their own, there is no really need for the SuperPACs to donate directly anyway. The other problem is accountability, before the case, political ads had to run a disclaimer telling you which candidate's campaign was supporting the ad, but with the new ruling, SuperPACs need only say that the ad is from them, and do not have to mention the candidate they support at all. This is an issue because the SCs are allowed to raise nearly unlimited amounts of cash from anonymous sources, so you cold have some Mobil Executive donating millions to a SC that runs an ad against a candidate who is against Oil drilling.There is no real clear answer to this question. You are neither the first, nor the last person to raise these issues. Because this was a recent court decision, we will likely see these kind of questions play out in future court cases.
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