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I can read a sentence like "I bluit my husoe in Eanngld" due to cognitive ability but I can't understand it verbally, why?
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Because verbal and visual patterns are recognized differently. Visually, you can recognize "Eanngld" as "England," but verbally "Ean" has little relation to "Eng" and "ngld" has almost no relation to "land," assuming you can pronounce them properly. "Bluit" sounds nothing like "built" , so it's difficult to make that leap. "Husoe" has an extra syllable in there compared to "house" , so that won't make the translation at allMuch of our visually ability to read is tied processing the first and last letters of words, often just skimming the letters in the middle. But verbally, we have to process the sounds in order. You would get the reverse effect with "I uilt y ouse n ngland", which would be easier to understand verbally.
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Tor vs VPN vs Zenmate, and can/should we use all of them at the same time?
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Think of the Internet as a mail service Tor would be like putting your mail in a very strong safe, sending it to a random guy, which takes off the "from" address and replaces it with his own, then securing the rest of the address information fingerprints) and gives it to another random guy, and so on until it gets sent to the recipient. VPNs, however, would be more like sending your mail to a super-secure mailing system, then arriving at the system's HQ, before sending the information to the recipient. Zenmate is a VPN. Combining both of them is a BAD idea, unless you want to step off legal boundaries [Source]', "I use a VPN and Tor and that isn't safe?
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Please tell me the difference between effects and affect? I searched on Google but that isn't helping. Please give examples
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A lot of people have told you that effect is a noun and affect is a verb. Unfortunately it's not that simple. Both words can be used as both nouns and verbs. Affect as a noun is pretty rare nowadays, and it's fine in an ELI5 answer to basically ignore it, but effect as a verb is somewhat common. **Effect as a noun:** Asking her for a kiss didn't have the effect I wanted. *An effect is a result* **Affect as a verb:** You affect the bees when you destroy the flowers. *To affect something is to cause an effect on that thing* **Effect as a verb:** The candidate says that he wants to effect change in Washington. *To effect something is to cause that thing to result* **Affect as a noun:** Juliet's affects towards Romeo were generally positive. *An affect towards something is a feeling brought about by that thing*", 'Just think of the term "special effects", which are things . The other one is the verb. Yeah, there are exceptions, but very few people use them, like "to effect change" means to cause or bring about change, but again, this is not that common. You will never hear affect as a noun anymore, unless reading older literatureThe Arrow Affected the Aardvark. The Effect was Eye-popping. This mnemonic is handy for most use cases of affect/effectSo the effects of googling the differences did not affect your definitions?
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Why are we told to ice injuries?
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I can't be 100% sure without my resources in front of me, but I believe it is to help reduce blood flow, which would be carrying proteins that stimulate inflammation . Also, overloading nerves with sensations of cold help lower the amount of pain recognised by the brain. That being said, I have heard/read that ice does not penetrate as deep as once thought, and therefore outside of superficial changes, it does little to help reduce inflammation and pain in joints and muscles. *please feel free to correct any of my mistakes!
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homelessness and Skid Row in LA
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Mental illness. Persistently homeless people tend to have mental illnesses and there aren't enough places to treat them, so they end up congregating together on the streets.Another factor is location. Most months of the year, LA has pretty good weather, so it much easier to sleep outside without rain, snow, or excess humidity. Other areas also bus their homeless to LA to "solve" the problem in their city, but really just transfer it to LA. Edit: I should also mention Skid Row was sort of set aside by LA as a place for the homeless to stay in LA. The idea was they wouldn't go to the other, more desirable, neighborhoods, and the city wouldn't sell the real estate they were sort of squatting on to be redeveloped. They also made sure any homeless aid programs had to be located nearby, so they wouldn't have a reason to leave.For LA in particular, housing costs are the driver. There's generally going to be a 'baseline' homeless population of people who have one or more major impediments to taking care of themselves. However, as you raise the cost of living in an area, you sweep up more and more people getting priced out.
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When someone gets hit by a speeding car, what actually kills them? Is it the impact itself? The part where they fly high and snap in circles? Impact from hitting the ground?
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So take a minute and imagine yourself tripping and falling in a way that breaks your wrist. You were walking along, tripped on a rock, and tried to catch yourself on your way down. All of the energy of your falling had to go somewhere. Your reaction focused it on your wrist, and it was just too much. So your wrist broke. It's not hard to imagine a car moving at 40mph has a -lot- of energy. That's a lot of weight, moving at a decent clip. Think about having to slam on the brakes at 40mph, and how hard you and your brakes are working to stop that car. So put all of that energy into your body all at once. If you put it into your legs, your legs will probably break, with energy to spare. The remaining energy is dissipated as you land somewhere and bruise a lot of your body. That's probably survivable. But what if that remaining energy went into your head, because that was the next thing to impact? Or all of that energy went directly into your torso where so many of your soft vital tissues are? This starts to sound like really bad news. That's why it's so complicated. All of that energy is going -somewhere-, and some subtle changes will make the difference between bruises and fatal wounds. PSA, as the wife of a volunteer firefighter: Wear your seatbelts and helmets, folks. Take it easy in shitty weather. Don't drive when you really shouldn't Accidents are going to happen, but they're a whole lot easier on everyone if they end up being low-energy.
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The difference between psychologist, psychiatrist, and therapist
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it's levels of training, and what the training focused on. therapist is a general term for anybody who gives therapy. This can be a pastor who only graduated from high school, a psychologist, or a psychiatrist. a psychologist is someone who got a master's or a PhD in psychology, counseling, or therapy- in other words, a college degree + extra training. They focus on talk and behavior therapy and go in-dept on more theoretical aspects of mental illness and treatment. a psychiatrist is a medical doctor- just like a pediatrician specializes in kids, an oncologist specializes in cancer, a psychiatrist specializes in mental illness. Like all doctors, they went to college, then 4 years of the same kind of medical school, where they learned all about what can go wrong with the human body. After med school, they did a psychiatry residency and learned how to be a psychiatrist. whether or not you see a psychologist or a psychiatrist for your mental illness depends on what you want. The #1 difference is that as MDs, psychiatrists can prescribe medication, psychologists cannot , mainly because they didn't go to 4 years of med school to learn everything about the human body, so they don't have the background to understand exactly what the drugs do. Alternatively, psychiatrists give therapy, but their therapy training is not nearly as extensive and intense, and they don't have time to see every patient for hours of therapy. So the two professions are not in competition with each other- they are a partnership that work together to help the patient. *edit- I might add that only PhD level psychologists can prescribe, they can only prescribe psychiatric meds and the training to do so takes about 4 years to complete, keeping in mind that getting a PhD in psychology takes at least 6 years after college.
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How do sites like Groupon and LivingSocial work?
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Their basic model is they call up a business, say "hey, if you give 50% off coupons, and give us 50% of your revenue whenever someone uses that coupon, we'll advertise you on our site". That's right, the deal for the business is they will make 1/4 the amount of money they would usually make for each sale with that coupon. Given that a lot of businesses operate at a 5% margin, this is a huge loss for that business. Groupon, however, is making the same amount of money as the business each time a coupon is used, but their costs are virtually zero. So groupon's profit margin on a coupon is something like 95%. Why would a business take such a terrible deal? Usually it's a business that wants to get a bigger customer base and traditional advertising hasn't worked. They figure that, even just giving away their product, will generate enough return customers that it's worth it. Of course, if too many people get the coupons and not enough of them come back, it can be financial suicide for the business. This is the problem for Groupon - they got famous for these amazing deals, but a lot of businesses that used Groupon suffered huge losses from tons of people getting the coupons and none of them coming back later. . A lot of places have wised up to this and Groupon is having a harder time convincing companies to sign up. I believe LivingSocial has a similar model but I do not know for sure.
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Why do photographs sell for millions of dollars when the photographer could just release a duplicate at any time?
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When artists sell pieces for this much, part of the sale includes a guarantee about how many copies of the work they will reproduce. If the artist were to go on and make more, presumably the first purchaser could take the artist to court and null the sale, forcing them to return the money.Because a lot of professional film photographers did, and still do, develop their own prints, and the developing process is, in itself, an art, using various methods in ways that can't easily be exactly reproduced time and time again. It's possible even that the artist DID produce multiple copies of this piece, but only chose to keep the one that he felt was best taken AND best developed. Source: saw it on TV or something", 'It would devalue the one that was sold for 3.9 million and then no one would ever buy their photographs again ', "When an artist makes any type of a artwork of which there can be more than one, like photographs, etches, screenprints or even bronze statues, they decide beforehand how many they will produce and properly number these works before hand. This is called editioning. So if you decide to only produce ten of something you will indicate so by numbering each work out of ten Sometimes a series might also include artist proofs, versions the artist made while still working on the piece and changing things up a bit those will be marked with an 'AP' and a number. Usually the earlier numbers in a series will be worth more since whatever your using to create your series with will degrade and warp with use so earlier versions tend to contain more detail. A larger edition means each individual work will be worth less but there's more to sell. Some serious collectors might not even consider buying a nice work from an unknown artist if the edition is too big. An artist needs to consider many pros and cons when deciding how large to make their edition. If an artist is dishonest about their editioning word will eventually get out and it will negatively effect their career and credibility.
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Why is the range from boiling to "absolute hot" much, much longer than the range from freezing to absolute cold?
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How many banana peels could you have in your front lawn? It is pretty clear there is a minimum number, namely zero. But what is the maximum number? Is a tower of banana peels one mile high still *in* your front yard? Do they still count as banana peels if the ones on the bottom are crushed into sludge? Is there any point where adding one more banana peel will put the pile beyond the definition of *in*? Temperature works the same way. It represents the average amount of kinetic energy an object's molecules have, essentially how fast are they be-bopping around. It is pretty clear there is a minimum speed, zero , achieved at absolute zero. But there is no clear cut absolute hot, it all comes done to how your define temperature. If an substance's average kinetic energy is too high for molecules to hold together, does temperature still mean anything? What if it is too high for atoms to exist? Subatomic particles? If you really needed an upper bound, take all the energy in the entire universe, put it all in one place, and recreate The Big Bang. The first 10^-43 seconds after the Big Bang is known as the Planck Epoch, and is the smallest amount of time the modern physics can represent in any meaningful way. During that brief epoch, the temperature of the fledgling universe would have been over 10^32 C. You really can't get any hotter than that.The real question you should be asking is, "why do temperatures that we as humans frequently interact with fall so much closer to the low end of observable temperatures in the universe?". The answer to this question is that, in order for solid matter to exist, the system can't be too hot. As more heat is added to a system the molecules gain more kinetic energy and intermolecular bonds break, which doesn't allow for solid matter to exist.Because you choose to think of freezing point as what should be the middle. It's like saying why is A-D a shorter than D-Z.
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the value of USD vs the euro. If the dollar is worth more than the euro, does that mean I have more money if I go over to Europe?
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I have lived all over the world while still getting paid in dollars so I think I can answer this. In short yes, if you convert your dollars to the local currency you will have more than you would in dollars. The longer answer is that even if you have more Euro doesn't mean that you could buy the same amount of stuff as you could with the relatively smaller amount of dollars. There is something called purchasing power parity, and it is used to describe the "worth" of a currency in what can be bought with it. There is something called the "big mac index" and it basically illustrates how many hours you would have to work in a day to purchase a big mac. So if I have 3 dollars, got to Europe and exchange that for 5 euro. but a big mac is 3 dollars in the US and 5 Euro in Germany, then my 3 dollars are "worth" the same as the 5 euros. This is a massive oversimplification but this is ELI5 and I think it illustrates the point fairly well, if not at exactly a 5 year old level.Many things in the US are cheaper than here in Europe . A few years ago when the Euro was more worth than the US Dollar, companies would charge the same price for products with a different currency . Now it's different, Apple raised its prices to earn the same money in Euro as in US Dollar. And so do other companies. You probably won't be able to buy more here than in the US .
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how do trees know when to grow leaves?
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Generally it has to do with the change in daylight, not with the change in temperature although that may have some small effect in some species.
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Suicide Squad movie. Is is some kind of alternate universe? Who are they?
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The suicide squad are a group of villains who have been held by the government an are given the option to fight for there country. They mainly do it so they can get reduced prison time or to get some freedom. The reason there called the suicide squad is because the missions are suicide missions a lot of the time and they have bombs implanted in there body incase they try to escape. Hope that helps. I don't read the comics so that's what I know", 'DC is trying to construct a shared cinematic universe like Marvel has. The only movie in that universe so far is Man of Steel but Batman V Superman will be in it and so will Suicide Squad. DC is building a roadmap of future movies that will share the same continuity but those plans are still pretty vague. The only thing I think is really clearly on that list beyond the two upcoming films is a Justice League movie. All the rest seem very much "in flux".Suicide Squad is a group of villans imprisoned by batman, superman, green arrow, that are given the option to fight or live out their days in a box. The missions are all pretty much 0 success chance. What might be confusing: The shows on CW, ignore them. While they are DC, they are occuring in a different dimension . The Christopher Nolan Dark Knight Series, ignore it. Different dimension. Basically, any DC movie that isn't Man of Steel, you can ignore. That is the only movie that is occuring in this universe, at this time. When compared to marvel, EVERY marvel movie since 2005 ) is all occuring in the same dimension. This includes Daredevil on Netflix. This can make it very confusing to follow DC movies, while Marvel movies kind of make more sense.just found this post from [/ShadowLink_89], you might find it helpful: _URL_1_
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Why does Zalgo text seem to display everywhere regardless of localization?
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Zalgo text takes advantage of tricks built into unicode. Unicode is a standard for how text in all the world's major languages should be handled. It includes support not just for the latin alphabet but quite a few writing systems, including ones where text goes in other directions than left-to-right. On modern computers and technology, supporting unicode is pretty much required if you want your device to be usable globally. Unicode has some characters built into it that aren't "real" letters, but indicate "this next symbol goes above/below the previous one" or "this next stretch of text is vertical, not horizontal." It's intended for languages where that happens but if you cram a bunch of those characters together you can get weird effects like the zalgo text. Because unicode just changes how characters are arranged, it can't really be used for glitches or code exploits, so nobody loses sleep over "if I try really hard I can make this messaging app look weird."
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Why do some people get dizzy/feel uneasy while reading or using an electronic device while in a car
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My LI5 explanation - You work out where you are and how you are moving from both your eyes, and the motion detection organs in your ears. When you are in a car, your eyes see the device in front of you, and it does not appear to be moving. But your ears pick up all the movement of the car. So your eyes are saying \'You are still\', your ears are telling you \'You are moving,\', and your brain looks at your eyes, and looks at your ears, and says, "You're sick!". And so you are.
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Why has Botswana done so well compared to the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa?
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Tiny country with giant diamond reserves and made a deal with DeBeers early on where Botswana gets 70% of the money and DeBeers runs the diamond mines for them. A lot of African countries kicked all the whites out after independence and that hurt their economies. That wasn't likely to happen in Botswana as their first leader was married to a white woman. The Tswana tribe that dominates the country is known for having their act together. Most Tswana live in South Africa and their Homelands were the most successful ones during Apartheid.Probably the most mineral-rich country in Africa is DRC. They have the worst infrastructure as well. Yes, Botswana does well because of diamonds, but mainly because they have managed to build a society where corruption is not tolerated.
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What happens when the breath gets knocked out of you?
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This happens when you are punched in the center of your belly, around the navel area. Two things happen: 1: Your diaphragm gets forcibly compressed , forcing air out of your lungs. The diaphragm is a large muscle in your belly used to breathe, so striking it forces air out of the lungs, such as in the Heimlich maneuver. 2: You are also being struck in what's called your solar plexus, a large collection of nerves centered in your belly. The shock causes a tremor of energy to pass through your entire nervous system. Similar to taking a blow to the spine , this causes a short period of minor paralysis as your nervous system is temporarily overloaded, causing you to not be able to breathe in again to replace the breathe that was forced out when your diaphragm was struck.
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Why does your throat hurt when you chug down carbonated drinks repetitively?
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Our bodies have sensory receptors that allow us to feel and respond to things like pressure, changes in temperature, light, and pain. "Nociceptor" is the specific type of sensory receptor that allows us to experience pain. Carbonated drinks have a high content of carbon dioxide that our body isn't used to. Nociceptors perceive that CO2 as an excess of stimuli , and transmit the feeling as pain to your brain. . This article might help: _URL_0_
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How is Grand Theft Auto allowed to use cars that are almost exactly like real cars?
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because they aren't selling cars. There is nothing proprietary about an image of a car. Just the car itself and the name.
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Why does music trigger vivid memories?
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The hippocampus and the frontal cortex are two large ares in the brain associated with memory and the take in a great deal of imformation every minute. Retrieving it is not always easy. It doesn't simply come when you ask it to. Music helps because it provides a rhythm and rhyme and sometimes alliteration which helps to unlock that information with cues. It is the structure of the song that helps us to remember it, as well as the melody and the image the words provoke.I'm no expert but my best guess would be because different music has all types of feelings and moods which can be related to the same moods and feelings in that of "vivid" memories. Thus your brain triggers a memory because of their similar correlation.
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Why does a four cylinder Harley motorcycle have a low rumble exhaust note like an american V8, but inline four cylinder engines (Honda, Toyota, Volkswagen) have a raspy high exhaust note?
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Harleys have twins, not fours. V twins traditionally have a low, rumbling sound to them compared to the higher revving inline fours. Mainly this is down to the size of the explosion and the frequency. A 1000cc inline four has four, small explosions every revolution, and these combine to form a very high pitched whine when combined with the typical 4-2-1 exhaust. A 1600cc twin has two, large explosions every revolution, giving it that rumble especially with open pipes, one per cylinder. A classic V8 has that deep rumble due to low restrictions in the exhaust pipes, large pistons, and a low idling speed. Inline fours have a higher pitch due to their comparatively smaller pistons, differently designed exhausts, and faster engine speed. The biggest deciding factor of how an engine sounds is the exhaust. A modern V8 sounds very similar to an inline four, as their exhausts are a much more efficient design. With the right exhaust, an engine can sound quiet, loud and raspy, or loud and low, all depending on the tuning.I thought all Harley's were V-Twins? Maybe my google fu failed me. Anyway this wiki article talks about it: _URL_0_ It's all in the firing order. Ferrari V8's have flatplane cranks, so effectively 2 normal Inline 4's put together. Hence the higher pitched rasp compared to American V8's, which are cross plane and have a different firing order, producing a lower, more rumbly note.They are tuned for this sound. Mostly it is the exhaust system design. But engineers have been told by sales persons for years how to make it sound. They are now using the stereo systems in cars to produce artificial engine sounds to sell the carsThe answer is simple, Harley Davidson have never made a 4 cylinder engine. V-twin engines have a distinctive sound because of the firing order.
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What is the purpose of the "rough" pavement outside of grocery stores?
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I know that this type of thing is used in other places as a way of warning blind people that they are near a street or something else dangerous. I'm not sure if that is the purpose at grocery stores, though.
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Why do some people have permanent small red veins in their eyes?
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> I'm assuming that that's normal. How is this called and what's this all about? Yes, they are normal. Our eyes are flesh and need blood, they are called "blood vessels" or "capillaries" and they get the blood to keep our cells alive to and from where it needs to be.
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What does "senpai" mean and what does it mean for Anime fans?
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Senpai roughly translates to "upperclassman." Basically, a senpai is an older student, possibly a mentor, and a "kohai" would be the yonger student, or mentee. The senpai is expected to guide the younger student, while the kohai is expected to do menial tasks for the senpai. It's sort of like a traditional English boarding school hirearchy. The m/n thing I think is just a translation issue.Senpai means Mentor or Upperclassmen. So it's saying I hope my mentor/ older student notices me. Idk about sempai", 'The literal meaning has been explained. As for what it means to anime fans, all that "I hope senpai notices" stuff is a HEAVILY over-used trope in anime, particularly between a young girl and an older-brother figure she is in love withThe spelling shows real vs. the pronunciation. Senpai often sounds like sempai in speech and is sometimes spelled that way, too.
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why do we picture the earth as the northern hemisphere facing upwards rather than downwards?
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Generally, the most powerful nations in the world have been in the northern hemisphere. They made the maps so they put themselves at the topEngland was the first country to map the globe. They are in the northern hemisphere, they oriented the map to their location and they had the most reliable maps. The rest of the world used their maps and now here we are.We don't. Most countries in the southern hemisphere see it the other way around. It just happens that almost all the first world countries - those that make the policies - are in the northern hemisphere. Read this _URL_0_
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How come alcoholism is considered a disease but being addicted to smokes or other substances isn't?
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Technically they are diseases But if you're talking about public perception, it's probably because of how much it affects the person - a chronic smoker can still go about their day-to-day life with fairly little impact. They may take an extra break here and there, and spend lots of cash on cigarettes, but other than that they're fairly normal. Nicotine gives you a buzz, but it doesn't completely shut you down But a chronic drunk? They can't go about their normal day to day life while drunk off their ass, so it has a more immediate impact on them. If they're always drinking, they're likely to lose their job, and from there things spiral downwards. Yes, there are functioning drunks, but even those are still noticeable if you actually interact with them.
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why is Scrabble more popular in English than other languages?
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One possible reason is that while in English-speaking countries, especially the US, Scrabble tournaments were widely played, increasing awareness of the game: this didn't happen so often in other countries. There are sometimes also problems with other languages that make a game made for the English language a bit difficult. Obviously, the number of each letter had to be different and each letter could score differently in different languages, but there were other difficulties as well. In the German game, for example, the rules had to be changed in 1987 because the game was so difficult to play. Not only the rules, but the distribution and scoring of letters. In the original rules, players drew 8 tiles, but only uninflected forms of words were allowed. What this is means is this: in German, a verb like "machen" can have many different forms: "mache
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Why does a propane fire have that last "blow" when the gas supply is turned off?
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The proper ratio of air and propane causes it to burn nicely, like when you are cooking on your bbq. But when close off the gas supply you decrease the propane to air ratio and it makes a less stable. This causes a more volatile ratio of the two gasses and it explodes. Research stoichiometric ratios and upper and lower explosive limits.
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Why does birth control make some women depressed?
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Incase you wanted more information, let me give it a shot. Birth control works by increasing and decreasing hormones in the body. There are several different things going on, but the main thing is changing estrogen and progestin in the body. The change in estrogen levels is linked to several problems, weight gain, lack on energy, increase in acne, mood swings.. so although there's no definitive proof birth control can cause depression, there are many things birth control is linked to. However, taking the pill every day at the same time is a HUGE factor . By taking it regularly every day your body will regulate the hormones in the body, leveling them out and lowering risk of possible side effects. Some women take longer than others to adjust, and others may have to stop taking the pill all together due to complications . So if a women is feeling down after starting birth control, reminding her to stay strict on the time she takes it, and maybe encourage her to talk to her doctor about a different kind of pill . It can also take as long as 7 weeks for your body to adjust and regulate itself.
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Why do microwaves make my fish sticks mushy?
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Microwaves heat food mostly by exciting the water molecules in it. Water can only be heated to 100C before it becomes water vapor. So, microwaves generally don't heat your food beyond that temperature. But, ovens get much hotter and so can really create a crisp texture by evaporating the water out of the food.
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Why do people prefer kiosks over cashiers?
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This is in response to the news about McDonalds yes? Mostly for me it's less stressful in a way. I can just flip through the menu without feeling like I'm making anyone wait on me, but that's a very personal and subjective thing. What I do notice is that with McDonald's there's usually more kiosks available in a store compared to the old amount of cashiers. For example, a local Mickey D's here had 4 cashiers. There's now only two and 8 kiosks, and this has reduced the amount of time I need to wait for my turn to order siginificantly.
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Why does the Russian goverment still dislike the United States?
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This is just me but the U.S. has a very arrogant position on WW2 and how we saved the day once we joined in the war. In reality Russia suffered millions of more casualties with America being around 500 thousand I think, the Nazis ravished half of Russia and the only reason they didn't completely annihilate them was because of the unfamiliar cold terrain and Russian citizen began to fight back in terrible battles. The battle for Stalingrad being the first I think, I might be wrong. Also most countries governments don't get along with the U.S. because we're an asshole of a country sad to say. Just my personal thoughts and opinions, I'm sure their are plenty of other reasons I don't know of.
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Ok, so im still confused about stocks. Explain Li5
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You buy a stock at $5 and then a year later when the company is doing better, the price of the stock increases to $8 and then you sell it! so you make $3!', "redsunglasses2134 is right. Also, most stocks allow you to vote on company decisions, and if you have more then 50% then you're in control.
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If botox is the most lethal substance known to man, how and why do we use it for cosmetic surgery?
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its all about controlled dosage. understanding how long it remains active in the system. Spacing injections both by time and location to stay within safe margins. The concentration of Botox injected in patients is around 0.75 ng per 100 units, or roughly 1/5 of the estimated lethal dose in humans. Typical injection of 4 units. 20-30 units per session. 360 units per 36 month period is the recommended limitThe US company Allergan, Inc. required less than one gram of raw botulinum toxin neurotoxin to "supply the world's requirements for 25 indications approved by Government agencies around the world". . The drug product is simply vastly diluted. Botulinum toxin works by inhibiting neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions, ie signals from your brain won't reach your muscles. Small, local applications of botox work by inhibiting muscles in the area which cause wrinkling, thus smoothing things out. I used to work as a fermentation scientist and have a bit of experience growing *C. botulinum* and producing the botulinum toxin. Shoot if you have any more questions and I'll try and helpEssentially it is safe because it is injected in such small amounts and injected directly into the muscles, not into your vascular system. If it was injected into your vascular system it would have a very toxic effect, which is part of the reason getting Botox is a procedure, not an at home application.
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How does purple shampoo work?
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Hair stylist for 10 years here. The purple pigment is not a bleach or a magic chemical or marketing plot. Think about This in terms of light reflection. If the hair has warm undertones, the hair will look yellow/orange depending on the lightness level of the blonde. If you cancel out the warm undertone by using purple pigment, the light reflection will be more of a neutral to cool undertone. This making the hair appear more "white" or neutral.
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How does Winamp generate its visualisations?
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With the raw audio data, you will only get the loudness of the audio at a specific point in time If you analyze/convert the raw data using [Fourier Transform], you can calculate which frequencies are used and how strong those frequencies are. This can be done in real-time using a method known as Fast Fourier Transform . You then use this data to build your visuals, for example low frequencies can be darker colours as opposed to mid to higher frequencies. I wrote a [web demo] a while back. Unfortunately, it requires Microsoft Silverlight to work
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How does Data capping effect Gamers?
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The data required to play video games is quite small compared to the amount of data needed to stream video. The bigger issue that data download caps have on gamers is for downloading the digital versions of games and the resulting patches. Games nowadays are approaching the limits of Bluray disks . Star Citizen supposedly will have a [100 GB client]. Even if you do not download the digital version of games, video game patches are getting quite large as well. [The Witcher 3's 1.1 patch came in at 15 GB]. If you have a library of many games, just downloading the patches over the span of a month will push you towards your download cap. Lastly, in terms of live-streams, you are generally uploading data rather than downloading. I'm not sure if it counts against the download cap but it should be at roughly the same data rate as someone viewing the stream.
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How are skyscrapers or tall buildings demolished?
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'Twas oft asked here. Ye may enjoy these: 1. [ELI5:What's the end of life plan for skyscrapers? ]1. [ELI5: How do big cities demolish old skyscrapers without damaging buildings around it? ]1. [ELI5:How will they tear down skyscrapers like the Freedom Tower or Sears tower in a heavily populated area? ]1. [ELI5: How do skyscrapers get demolished? ]1. [ELI5: What happens when its time to demolish a skyscraper? ]1. [ELI5: How would the controlled demolition of an extremely tall skyscraper in a dense urban environment work? ]1. [ELI5: How do they take skyscrapers down in new york city ]", 'Instead of exploding them, they are imploded. A lot of bombs are placed at specific locations and blown up at the same time. the explosions happen in such a way that the blast is directed inward, instead of outward. So the building falls into itself in the middle.
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Why do we swallow?
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Saliva is basically a lubricant for your mouth and throat. If you chose to spit your saliva out instead of swallowing it you would be spitting all day everyday. As far as feeling the need to produce saliva or not it is your body's natural reaction to the situation you find yourself in, much like having to sweat when you over heat.
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Why are Uber and Lyft fighting regulations they put in place (i.e. fingerprinting in Houston and Austin)?
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Because all these regulations being proposed increase costs and make it more of a hassle to get drivers and passengers. Uber and Lyft are mostly successful due to lack of regulation on services like theirs once regulation starts to catch up they'll be no better off than Taxis and they lose their competitive pricing edge. So they're going to want to fight any regulations people try to put on them", 'Uber and Lyft are both based on making money on an industry which is overpriced due to the influence of a government monopoly on the cab industry. The government regulations tend to bring their businesses under greater government control, which is a rather obvious move to do to them exactly what occurred to the cab companies which have made them uncompetitive. The success of Uber and Lyft has come about because they operate almost without regulation, and so they of course want to fight any attempt to wrap them up in legal red tape. This also would ultimately add a lot of overhead costs in obtaining and maintaining those records, which drives down their profitsYou seem to be misunderstanding the article. ELI5 version: City has an old law. Uber did not help write or support "old law." Uber now wants them to replace "old law" with their "new law" that benefits them.
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How come unknown amateur rappers get charged and convicted over "crime" lyrics, but rich famous rappers like 50 Cent, the Game, lil' Wayne and Snoop Dogg don't?
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lol well the mainstream artists you named generally don't really get themselves into trouble. accepted as fiction.Name an amateur rapper who has been convicted over "crime" lyricsMostly because allot of main stream artists rap about shit they have never done. Like Rick Ross slingin yayo while in reality he was a correctional officer which is decidedly not "gangsta".
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Why do we dress the way we dress?
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Culturally relative aesthetics combined with personal preference. People tend to dress in a way that they feel makes them look good or attractive or simply dress for physical comfort.
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Why can't people withdraw their money from a bank that goes bankrupt? Specifically those regular savings accounts? That supposedly have no such risk as it's a saving, not an investment.
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Any money you put into a bank they use to lend to others. If they go bankrupt then they have absolutely nothing left and your money is gone', "Banks use a fractional reserve system. For the sake of simplicity, let's say the bank has two customers, a saver and a borrower. The saver deposits $10,000. The bank can turn around and lend most of that money out. Let's say the borrower gets $9000 on a 10 year loan. The bank has $1000 left in the vault. If the saver want his $10,000 now, the bank has a problem and so does the saver.
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Why do we only start to see fog yards away from where we are standing and not at our feet?
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If fog is very very thick, you can see it at your feet. The nature of fog is that you can see through some of it but not all of it . So, when you don't see it at your feet, it's because you're seeing *through* the stuff that is at your feet. You *can* see it farther away because you've looked through enough of it to notice the effect. Basically, fog scatters light. If it's not super thick, you must look through a few yards of it to notice that the light is being scattered. Either that or it's made of spirits who can't stand to be in contact with living beings so they stay away from you.
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How do waterfalls have a continuous stream of water?
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This is true only for some waterfalls. The permanent waterfalls we normally think of are usually located in lower stream of areas which receive enough rainfall or snow year after year. The area is called "drainage basin" at means all the water from this area eventually flows into the same place, the same river. This area can be huge. For example the drainage area of the Mississippi river is [huge]. With the water for the river coming from a large area, generally the local weather patterns balance each other in the way that the total amount of water in the river stays within a certain limit. So in these cases the question is very much the same as how do rivers have a continuous stream of water. However there are a lot of waterfalls which dry up during dry season and again are waterfalls during monsoon season. So this really depends on the climate. And there are a lot of temporal waterfalls that exist only for a short while. For example [these impressive waterfalls] at The Grand Canyon are only temporary, as they do not get a continuous stream of waterThey are fed by rivers, which are also continuous. Rivers are fed by a mixture of rain, snowmelt , and seepage from the ground. Some do run dry, but most are fed by a large enough area with enough rain that they do not -- and the wet ground acts to smooth out the dry spells.
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Latency in video games, why is there lag?
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This is simplified, so excuse me if I miss a few things or get some steps out of order. Say you're in an FPS game. You see a guy and decide to shoot at him. You click your mouse to fire. Your computer picks up this signal from the mouse and translates it to a click. This click is then processed by the game application as "fire." The game calculates your current position, your weapon, what properties it has assigned to the ballistics, and then fires the gun. The game encapsulates this information into a stream of network packets and sends it off to a server somewhere which is hosting the game. Along the way it travels through routers, modems, switches, and all sorts of tech to get to the final server. The server picks up these packets and analyzes them, processing that you pressed "fire." It then takes the trajectory of the bullet and matches it against where other players are in the game, and calculates whether you hit them or not. It deducts that health value from the player you hit , updates their relative position, and sends all of this information back to your PC. The packets go through the same series of network stuff back to your PC. Your PC takes these packets, sends them to the game application which analyzes them, and processes that click of your mouse to fire. All of the above takes time - time that translates into a delay between when you pressed fire and got the result. BONUS QUESTION: Sure. Faster computers, faster tech, light computing, etc. But there will always be *some* delay no matter what.
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Why do 15 fps video clips looks sped up and 60 fps clips look like they're slowed down?
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That happens when the video player plays doesn't adjust for the frame rate of the recording device. For example, your TV plays at 30fps, but the source material is recorded at 60fps. Now if you want to watch your video at a "normal" speed, every other frame from the source material has to be dumped so you end up seeing 30fps. However, if the video player doesn't actually dump the frames and just plays them at 30fps, then it takes twice as long to get through the frames, thus your video becomes slowed down. This is how your slo-mo videos are generated. If you record at a lower frame rate, then the video player has to duplicate frames instead.
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if two different phones/tablets/computers are running the exact same OS, how is it possible that one device can experience a bug/glitch but not the other device when performing the exact same task?
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1: A mechanical defect in the device. This could be something as large as a bad piece of solder on a board to as small as an actual defect in a chip, or anything in between. 2: Random cosmic ray strike. High energy particles from space can hit sensitive electronics and "flip" a bit from a 1 to a 0 or vice versa, changing the software encoded by that bit. 3: User error. Causes too numerous to enumerate. 4: Corruption of data. During the process of downloading and installing the software an error was introduced which was not detected by the error-checking schemes. Could have been caused by random transient currents in the wires, by errors or misconfigurations of devices in the network, etc.The OS may have different programs, and those programs may be in different states. For instance, suppose iPad 1 allows location services and iPad 2 has explicitly disabled them. Also, suppose that when an app tries to use location services on an iPad that doesn't allow them, the system glitches up . With the first iPad the glitch will not be experienced when running the app, but with the second it will, even though the hardware and OS is identical.
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Why does drinking alcohol usually make you wake up unusually early the next morning?
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This is a great question I would love to know the answer to. Its not thirst, or dehydration for me. Its waking up 4 or 5 hours after falling asleep and ready to start the whole day. Cant fall back asleep. And then, 3 hours later I feel like absolute shit.
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How do scientists determine how much fat, proteins, and carbohydrates there is in any product?
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I'm sure you won't be surprised to learn that this is determined by many analytical chemistry methods. I'll give a few examples, though you can check out [this page] for more detailed information. **Fat**: Fatty acids are first extracted from a substance by solubilization in an [organic solvent], then either chemically modified with a tag that enables them to be quantified in a [colorimetric assay], or individually identified and quantified by [gas chromatography]. **Proteins**: An early and still-used approach is the Kjeldahl method, first described in the late 19th century. First the sample is digested in sulfuric acid using CuSO4/TiO2 catalysts, which frees the nitrogen contained in peptide bonds and converts it to ammonia . The ammonia is distilled into a trapping solution, [titrated], and its concentration is determined by reference to a standard solution. A mixture of pure proteins is known to contain about 16% nitrogen, so total protein is calculated from the measured nitrogen by multiplying by a conversion factor of 100/16 = 6.25. **Sugars:** Enzymatic methods predominated historically. For example, H2O2 is produced by the oxidation of glucose by the enzyme glucose oxidase. By adding some additional reagents, this can be quantified by spectrophometry, though it obviously only works for glucose. For more complex mixtures of sugars, gas-liquid chromatography or [high-performance liquid chromatography ] is used.
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Why can't cellular radio waves be divided for unlimited data carrying?
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The narrower the channel, the less information you can send down it reliably. Using your freeway example, you could take a 3 lane highway and give yourself 24 bike lanes but nobody'd be getting anywhere very quickly.The smaller you make the signal, the more complex your recieving station needs to be, and the more susceptible it becomes to noise, as well as interference from other radio stations. Still, new technologies have succeeded in more effectively using available bandwith. For example, Digital radio is, in the near future, going to replace FM radio. _URL_0_Because any real-life channel will have noise. How fast you can transmit in the presence of noise is dictated by the Shannon-Hartley Theorem, and here is an ELI5 of *that*: _URL_1_
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Why is the Tracey Morgan car accident getting a federal investigation?
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That National Transportation Safety Board regularly assists state authorities with highway accident investigations. This is usually in the form of technical assistance, and is very different from if an agency like the FBI got involvedNTSB is involved with any DOT Licensee accident which includes a fatality I do believeIts probably because of the drivers licenses involved. If it was his personal car and he was driving, there probably wouldnt be an investigation, but since it was a professional driver driving his limo and a professional truck driver, there will probably be charges and/or lawsuits happening and someone is to blameYeah there are plenty of times the NTSB has helped investigate big highway accidents involving buses and tanker trucks, etc.
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How do insects survive winter? How does the common housefly live through months of freezing to come back next year?
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There are micro climates around. By this I mean that there will be little pockets around where they can survive. Think of a large wholesale fruit market where it is never allowed to freeze. Flies can survive there. There are also many other places, kitchens, trash collection points inside buildings, and other places where they can survive. Besides, they fly, they can fly North, and reproduce quickly. Monarch butterflies migrate for thousands of miles each year. Flies can too. Certain species cannot live in the North. Fire ants cannot move further North. They cannot survive the winter. So even though hay is brought North from Fire ant country they do not establish colonies. I skipped transportation of flies in trucks and cars. The Formosan termite also cannot move North.
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How do bats, whales, dolphins, etc. differentiate their echolocation clicks from others?
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Mostly pitch. While they'll all be within a particular range, each bat varies its own voice by a tiny fraction and listens for that particular pitch. Bat voices can be between 40ish to 120ish thousand Hz, which gives a huge range for an individual to pick from. [Some quick research] reveals other tricks. For example, *basically* the bat will make a much weaker sound mixed with the harmonic of the call. No bat, not even itself, will hear that sound as it reflects back, but the bat that makes the call will hear it in the same way you hear your own voice inside your skull. Then, its brain knows which part of the harmonic is missing, so if it hears others calling in the same harmonic, but with that part still there, the bat knows that wasn't his call. Instead, he specifically listens for the same harmonic but missing that key part that was too soft to hear. Whales use very very *low* pitches, far lower than any other animal is looking for. And whales are few enough and far apart enough that each one usually has a distinct voice. Dolphins use similar tricks, as well as listening for the particular pattern of clicks, almost using unique "words" to echolocate and only listening for the "word" they used. It's worth noting that a lot of this processing happens unconsciously in their brains. A bat doesn't just hear all the noise and pick out his own voice, his brain literally filters every other bat voice out so it's like he can't even hear them.
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How is salt "Kosher"?
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It's not *Kosher* salt, it's Kosher*ing* salt, i.e. salt used for Koshering. The salt is used for draining the blood out of meat, and the larger grain size makes it better suitable for the job than ordinary table salt.
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What is the relationship between resolution (pixels) and the dimensions of a printed photo?
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The measurement you are looking for is dots-per-inch, or DPI. Let's use some easy numbers Imagine you had a picture that was 1,000 x 1,000 pixels. That picture would actually contain 1 million pixels, or what modern marketing called 1 megapixel. If you tried to print it 10" x 10", you would have 100 dots per inch . On the other hand, if you tried printing a 5" x 5" print, you would have 200 dots per inch and the picture would look much clearer. Ideally, you want at least 300 dots per inch for quality prints. Since real images are rarely square, you have to choose one dimension to work with, usually the width. A 12-megapixel image is usually 4368 by 2912 pixels. So, if you want to print a 4x6, you end up with 4368 / 6 = 728 DPI That is about double the quality that you actually need to print. To answer your question, you can work the other way, too, with some algrbra. If 300 DPI is acceptable to you: 4368 / x = 300 DPI 300x = 4368 x = 14.5" And since y = 2/3 x, y = 9.7" So, maintaining a minimum of 300 DPI, the biggest picture you could print is 14.5" x 9.7" You could print it larger with lower quality, and the smaller you print it, the better it would look. On the other hand, if your printer prints at 300 or 360 DPI maximum, having a picture with more detail will not help. That turned into a long answer! Hope it helps The typical rule of thumb is to not go lower than 300 DPI. Typically a 12 megapixel image is 4000x3000 which would translate to a 13.3" X 10" image with little to no loss is quality. You can go larger than this but you will be sacrificing some qualityHow far will the poster be from a normal viewing distance? 200DPI is good for a poster, even 150DPI is fine. A 15x20 will look perfect at a normal viewing distance.
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Will an antenna produce visible light?
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If you pump enough energy into that antenna, assuming its metal, it will produce red then orange then yellow visible lightYes, but. To work properly, antennas need to be roughly as large as a wavelength of the wave, and must be connected to a circuit that creates oscillating voltages at the same frequency as the wave. For visible light, that means an antenna half the size of a bacterium, connected to a circuit that oscillates 200,000 times faster than the clock rate of our fastest computers. Good luck!', "Yes. If you introduce enough energy to cause the antenna to produce visible light, it will. That's basically what an old incandescent light bulb is. A bit of wire, and enough energy to make it produce visible light. The antenna will melt or burn away very quickly, because heat is generated too. You're putting enough electricity into a piece of metal to make it glowing hot.
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Why a wheel turning at high speed appears to be turning the other way round?
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If you take a basic wall clock and watch the minute hand, it moves very slowly, doing one rotation every 60 minutes. However, if you take a camera, and leave it to take a picture of the clock every hour, and watch those pictures like a movie, you'll think it doesn't move at all. Now take that camera and make it take a picture every 61 minutes. Every picture it takes, the minute hand will have an extra minute to move, so will have gone slightly around the clock. Do it the other way around, and take a picture every 59 minutes. Even though it has moved forward, it looks like it has only moved back a little bit. Basically a similar thing is happening between your eye and the wheel at a significantly faster rate. Your eye is a bit trickier than just taking a photo on a regular basis, but the basic principles here are more or less the same.
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Homomorphic encryption. What is it and what is it not?
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Basically it's an encryption scheme where you can perform operations on the encrypted data and get a result that when decrypted using the same method as decrypting the source data will result in the same output as if those operations had been performed on the original unencrypted data. This means that encrypted data can be given to an untrusted party to be processed without them being aware of what the data they're processing is. This is in contrast to conventional schemes where the party doing the processing needs to have an unencrypted copy of the data, inherently reducing the security of the whole process.
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The differences between aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen
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aspirin: blood thinner. this is why it's effective for heart disease. ibuprofin: anti-inflammatory. that's why it's effective for swollen things. tylenol: general pain killer. that's why it's better for generic/non-specific pain. that's about as simple as i can make it.Aspirin and Ibuprofen are Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs . They relieve pain by reducing inflammation and swelling. Acetaminophen acts primarily by blocking pain receptors in the central nervous system . This is why NSIADs are generally recommended over Acetaminophen for muscle and joint pain, and Acetaminophen more for general pain. Most of the other differences between the specific drugs are things like side effects and other interactions TIL that people in the US dont call paracetemol paracetemol Acetominophen acts on the liver and you should not drink on this or any medicine containing it . However it can be taken without food. Ibuprofen activates in the stomach, so you should not take this if you suffer from ulcers or stomach issues. Be sure to take with food. Ibu actually has theraputic value and will help a swolen injury heal, Tylenol really just masks the pain.Ibuprofen: reduce inflammation, fever, and pain. Aspirin: reduce inflammation, fever, and pain. . It's also given to people with arthritis. Acetaminophen: reduces pain and fever. Like previously mentioned, be careful how much acetaminophen you take; it's harsh on your liver. Also, make sure to not take these with other things that might thin your blood: alcohol, many herbal remedies have blood thinning properties, etc. Edit: wording
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How does a fly keep buzzing around my head when I'm traveling at 30 knots in a boat?
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The air around you is also travelling at 30 knots.When you're going along in your boat, unless your on the front, you are kept in a bubble of air. [Here is a good example] of airflow for a big truck. If you look at the back the air is almost completely stationary. Granted the air does move around a bit, its not enough and its not constantly moving in one direction so the fly is able to still stay, albeit difficult for them.
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What is the purpose behind the common "crescent" shaped ice cube?
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Crescent-shaped ice cubes are easy for a machine to remove from the tray. After they're done freezing, a mechanical arm swings in a circle and pushes them out of the tray. Cube-shaped trays are a bit harder to automatically remove the ice from them.
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Are current microwaves ovens much different than the ones from the 80s?
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A little more robust and elegant in their electrical design, but they work the same way. A lot of components in things like microwaves get switched out over time as we become more and more capable of doing things digitally and don't have to rely on analog. This results in better performance, more even heating in this case, and more energy efficiency, but essentially, no. It's the same thing. edit: phrasing", 'Besides more energy efficient and design, humidity sensors are really the only thing. The microwave has certain presets and will auto-cook the food based on preset and weight . Mine has this and makes a perfect bag of popcorn every time . Also, more even heating , though this is not a universal statement.
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If you have a tattoo and the layer off skin came off where it was, would the tatoo be removed?
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if the wound is deep enough yes. [There was a time when tattoos were removed by implanting an inflatable bag under the skin next to the tattoo and gradually filling it with saline over a period of weeks expanding the tissue]. When there was sufficient tissue the implant would be removed and the tattoo excised then the [extra tissue] would be moved over and sutured in the place of the tattoo.
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Why dont companies like Sony/Microsoft add backwards compatibility for their consoles?
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It's more than 'adding the code', it's adding *a lot* of code. The new consoles have completely different hardware that basically makes them incompatible with running previous generation games. Don't think of this as xbone trying to run xbox360, think of this as PC trying to running xbox360 and you've got the same obstacles. A whole emulation software would need to be developed and implemented into the console, which would take up space, time, and money. The first PS2 was able to be backwards compatible because the literally shoved a PS1 into the console. Later they were able to develop an emulator program for it. The Xbox360 has emulation programs for classic xbox titles as well into a format the 360 could understand), and even then it wasn't 100% perfect. And the emulation program gets harder and more complicated because the games being used are complex. And what would all that money and time yield for either company? Its not exactly a selling point, and if you want to use the older games, then you can buy the older consoles to do so. If anything, adding backwards compatibility will hurt sales of the older units . TL;DR - backwards compatibility takes time and money that neither company seems interested in investing.
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Why do we have 10 fingers and not 8?
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Because we evolved from fish that had 5 bones in their fins. All vertebrates follow the same pattern - 1 bone, 2 bones, lots of bones. As to why the fish had 5 fin-bones, it was probably simply how it evolved - the optimal number of fin-bones to maintain the fin structure.To be fair, if we had 8 fingers, you'd be asking why we don't have 10 or 6. Evolution doesn't think. It's just a mechanism that helps good solutions propagate. If 5 bones in each side fins work in a fish, it will likely keep that basic structure as the fins evolve into front feet, then hands, unless some mutation for more or less finger bones proves better.
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What is Rick Perry being indicted for?
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You know how a school bully might threaten to beat you up if you don't give him your lunch money? Governor Perry is accused of doing sort of the same thing by threatening to not give a woman's department money if she didn't resign from office. Since it was the governor doing it, he should know better. This would be the same as your school principal demanding that you give him your lunch money or he'll make sure you fail all your classes. School districts don't like it when principals do that, and grand juries don't like it when governors do that.
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If the months are based on the phases of the moon why are some months longer than others?
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Because the number of days it takes to go from 'full moon' to 'full moon' doesn't evenly match up with the time it takes to go from 'lowest sunrise' to 'lowest sunrise'. And that's OK. Why February? Because the calendar used to start in the spring, and February used to be 'the last month of the year'. So any days which needed to be added or subtracted, would come from there. That way, the spring equinox would always be on the same day each year.
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How do ships stay afloat even when carrying thousands of tons of cargo?
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By displacing more tons of water than the ship+cargo weighs. That's why they have to be so strong, to keep enough water out.
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how is it that (according to my plant bio textbook) glucose and fructose have identical molecular formulas? Isn't the purpose if molecular formulas to be unique identifiers?
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Just like you can assemble Legos into any number of shapes, molecules can also be put together differently. So while both glucose and fructose have the same number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, the molecules are assembled differently and thus they are different chemicalsThe are called isomers, molecules with the same atoms but arranged differently. The basic formula C*_6_*H*_12_*O*_6_*, is an incomplete description of an molecule, especially organic molecules. More descriptive methods are needed to capture the difference between isomers like glucose and fructose.Molecular formulas aren't unique identifiers. They tell you exactly how many atoms of each element are present in the molecule, but even something as simple as C2H6O can be either [ethanol] or [dimethyl ether]
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Why is it easier to balance on a bike when you're going faster?
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Smaller corrections are needed to maintain the center of balance. [Here] is a really interesting thread on the interactions between wheel gyro effect and front fork angle which explains a lot of the mechanics of balancing a bike.
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why are organizations trying to send people to live on mars and not on closer places like the moon?
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Mars has atmosphere and accessible water and soil that could be conditioned to grow crops with a lot of work and is a place a person could live with some work. the moon has vacuum and radiation and micrometeorites and horrible staticy sandpaper for ground.
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Why are people preoccupied with order and detail called "anal" or "anal retentive".
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Because he hypothesized that issues during this developmental stage would carry over into adulthood, manifested as an obsession over detail and exerting inordinate control over ones environment.
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What happens when you melt a magnet.
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LI5: The magnet will stop behaving magnetically once it hits a certain temperature . Then it'll simply behave like a piece of metal and melt LI20: Let me know if there is interests, not typing an explanation for the hell of it, though it's not extremely complicated.
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How people learn to hack.
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You've played video games right? Ever played a video game so much you know it backwards and forwards and know every little niche here and there and have all the maps memorized? People who know how to break into other computer systems are exactly like that but with operating systems. When you know a video game so well as I explained you learn little tricks, loop holes, and bugs. You learn how to use the game in a way that the developers didn't intend and or foresee. You use this in the game to your advantage to get more kills or win. People learn computer systems in the same way you learn the game, they play with it a lot. They learn the programming language it was built on and how all the protocols it uses work, like tcp/ip. They create their own programs, or use someone elses , to interact with the system and manipulate it or to take advantage of a loophole/bug. Quick example, ever heard of a sql injection? See the search reddit form to the right? Generally you would enter the term you want to search for and the polite codes goes off to the database and runs some commands and searches for entries matching what you entered and returns the result. On some unpatched, unproperly setup systems you can enter sql code into the field and instead of doing what it was intended the database will instead run those commands which could be hostile, such as returning password tables. That was a simple example, but it's all about understanding the system so well you can recognize loopholes and how to circumvent rules.
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How music is stored on CD's and then played back
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like ur a pretty smart 5yo: a recording machine listens to the music as it's being played, and turns it into numbers. it records thousands of different numbers every second to represent the changing volume of the music. these numbers are written down very small on a CD, in a spiral that goes around and around and from the inside of the CD near the hole to the outside edge. your CD player reads the numbers that are written on the disk, and using a speaker it pushes air around to those places at those times. the speaker makes a similar vibration like the original sound, and the vibrating air reaches your ear and sounds like music!
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Why can't current be defined as co-directional with the flow of electrons?
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Because current is the flow of charge, not electrons. The particles that allow for the flow of charge are called "charge carriers" and electrons happen to have a negative charge, so current flows in the opposite direction of electrons. Electrons aren't the only charge carriers. In semiconductors for example, you have both free electrons and places for electrons to go which can act as charge carriers. In your body, positively charged potassium ions act as charge carriers. Essentially electric current is defined without caring about what carries the charge, just the direction the charge moves.
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How does the heart send more blood to one area when needed if all the veins are one "circle" system?
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The heart pumps faster to send blood faster during these times, but the vessels dilating and contracting are what determines where the "more" blood goes . This is done by nerve signals from the area that needs it to the brain telling the brain "hey we need more blood here stat!" Heart pumps faster, vessels dilate in the area you need the blood and contract elsewhere. Voila! More bloodThe act of sending more blood to an area is through a process called vasodilation. Your blood vessels are able to constrict or expand, thus allowing a greater volume of blood through them. One example of this is for instance blushing - the redness of your cheeks is caused by capillary veins in your face dilating to allow more blood into the area, thus giving the skin a reddish hue. Also note that a headache can have a multitude of reasons for occuring; a larger amount of blood being sent to it is only one cause, and changes in the amount of blood traveling to the brain does not always cause a headacheThe blood vessels have smooth muscle in their walls. These muscles will squeeze more based on their innervation. It is not the heart which directs this but the autonomic nervous system, the unconscious part or your nerves.
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how come an HD Youtube video can load in a reasonable amount of time but a GIF an exceptionally long time?
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GIF was never meant for video and people that post them don't optimize them so they are huge and slow.
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Why can a human limb not sense its own weight?
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You can feel its weight. However you just get used to it after years. Think about it externally: if you never wear a watch, and then you put on a big heavy one your arm feels heavy because of that extra weight.Now let's say you wear that watch every day. You even sleep and shower in it. Eventually, wearing the watch feels normal and your arm no longer feels like it is moving weight. Now the watch breaks and you have to leave it at a repair shop for a few days. Your arm suddenly feels much lighter and naked.
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Why do some working Americans believe their money they earn goes to welfare/foodstamps/govt assistance?
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Because it does. All taxes go into the general fund and are distributed from there so on the ELI5 level anybody who pays taxes, pays a percentage of everything the government pays out as the government does not make its own moneyGlad to help! Like most things in life the realities of individual circumstances differ greatly from the perceived stereotypes of the whole. But the graph linked above shows the breakdown of each dollar paid into the system.
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How exactly does a nail keep two wooden planks together?
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Friction. The nail breaks the wood fivers apart causing mini sized splintery pieces around the nail that when they try to return to their original position, grip onto the nail tightlyMany nails are driven in to block sideways motion of the boards. While a nail can be trusted to stay in its hole even if upside down, the real strength of the nail bonding is that it resists sidewards movement. Once in its hole it will not move sideways through the wood. A header board above wall studs has nails driven through it to keep the studs in place. They will not move from their attachment site. Walls will be built with header and footer boards. Most often they are built while the studs are laying on the floor. The header and footer are nailed into the studs between them. Then the wall can be raised and carried to its final position. The nails will not pull out during this. But the strength of the wall is that the nails will not move sideways. To really keep a fastener from pulling out screws are used. Ceiling sheet rock is put up with screws for this reason.
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How did the first person with HIV/AIDS become infected?
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This is impossible to accurately answer because obviously nobody can be 100% certain. But the most likely vector would be from somebody coming into contact with infected monkey blood, which then entered that person's bloodstream, presumably through a pre-existing cut or abrasion. Many species of monkeys and apes are common food animals in parts of Africa, so it's highly likely that people would be regularly encountering monkey blood. Although HIV doesn't live for long once its host dies, if a freshly-slaughtered monkey bled onto a human being, that human could then become infected with the virus.The theory is that the disease passed from monkeys or apes to humans. It may have been through somebody butchering or handling the carcass of an infected animalMost likely from eating bushmeat infected with simian immunodeficiency virus
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My popcorn is listed as 240 calories unpopped, 220 calories popped. Where do those 20 calories go?
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Some of the moisture, oils, and husk escape when the kernels pop. Not eating the husk or oils would reduce the calories vs the unpopped kernels since part of them is basically missing.Calories are a measure of energy not 'fat', some of this energy will be burned off through the cooking process.
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How do hypodermic needles penetrate your skin without punching out a "core" of flesh?
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They are cut on a slant, so they slice a slit instead of cutting a coreYou make a tiny hole, and then spread it open -- you don't make one big circular "core" all at once. How?: The needle tip is tapered and comes to a sharp point. So the tip is what makes the initial puncture, and the hole is simply expanded as you push the rest of the needle tip in. Edit: A picture would probably help -- Google "bevel" Well, for one, because the edges of the hole at the end of the needle are not sharpened. Imagine a 2" thick pipe with 1/2" thick walls that someone neatly sawed through at a 60 degree angle - that's what the end of a needle looks like. The edges are flat, they're not great for biting into things. The end of a needle is a pointy wedge with a hole in its side, it pushes tissue out of the way. What you're describing is basically a tissue punch, and they have to be specially designed for the job - they're usually very short, so they don't bend, and treated so tissue doesn't stick to them. And they're very expensive, compared to needles. Like, a disposable punch might be several dollars, while a pack of 100 needles might be 10 bucks.
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What is the difference between the estimated 120,000 libraries in the US and Google making all books freely available online in their entirety?
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Libraries own, and allow use of, only one copy of a book at a time. They have the right to do this because they physically own one copy of the book, which is the right to use one copy of the book. Because objects. Google also owns only one copy of each book, but is making snippets available to possibly thousands of people simultaneously. The argument, in its simplest form, is that this is copying the book, which is illegal.
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Describe Hinduism and its principles to me.
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This is a large subject to which I cannot entirely do justice, but I will mention some of the more distinguishing features of Hinduism. Hinduism is a very ancient, polytheistic religion having a large number of deities. There are 3 particularly important dieties, Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer. All other deities are aspects of those 3. One curious aspect of Hinduism is that not only do human beings live many life times, dying and then being reincarnated, but so do the gods; new incarnations of deities are known as avatars. A central concept of Hinduism is that people accrue a spiritual characteristic known as karma, by virtue of the good or bad things that they do. People with good karma will consequently be reincarnated in a more favorable circumstance than in their present life, while people with bad karma will be punished by being reincarnated in worse circumstance, which can go to the extreme of being reincarnated as an animal rather than as a person. This concept is also the basis of the caste system. High caste people are thought to deserve their special privileges because it is their good karma which caused them to be born into a high caste family, while people of low caste deserve their less privileged existence because that is their karma. It is a very clever justification for a very abusive social practice, and it can be compared to the argument made by European monarchs, that they rule by divine right. Obvious, if God did not want them to be monarchs, they wouldn't be, so therefore they must be entitled to their lives of absolute power and privilege.
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Why is creating a male contraceptive pill so challenging?
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I literally heard about this on the radio yesterday so i may be able to help. A male one is in development currently in Australia and has had effective trials on mice in labs showing that it is able to be effective with no major side effects. The difficulty is that a male pill has to stop every single sperm, which males produce millions of, from entering the female's egg, if one gets through, the pill can be redundant, however, a female contraceptive needs to simply stop one egg. So its much easier to stop one egg then millions of sperm through a pill, which is why the female pill has been around since the 60s while the male one is still being developed. Additionally, there is a lot of negative feedback from consumers on it currently.
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Why do crickets get quiet around humans, considering we aren't one of their predators?
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When a lumbering monstrosity twenty thousand times your size clomps past, you may want to hush for a second and let the beast pass without trouble. Sure a human is unlikely to stoop down and eat a cricket these days, but that's not true for all animals. Laying low while unfathomably bigger animals pass is a good survival strategy that most flightless insects have adopted.
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}What is it that causes hair to turn gray?
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The reason is that, the older you get, more hydrogen peroxide builds up in your body because it can't break it down that fast anymore. The hydrogen peroxide, in turn, destroys an enzyme that builds up melanine, the chemical compound that colors your hair, skin etc. Your body hair does not grow as fast as head hair does, which might be the reason for head hair to lose color faster.Does stress have an impact as well, or is that just a psychological connection we make "Oh the stress is making my hair go grey" that actually bears no relevance to the speed at which you go grey?
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Why you only get caught for illegally downloading some things, but not others?
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Pure luck. You just happened to be downloading the file at a time when the copyright police were tracking you.
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why do we put our hands over our mouth when we eat something hot? [psychology]
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Because we tend to open our mouths to breathe when we eat something hot, and we're already conditioned to cover our open mouths .
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Why don't humans go into heat?
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Most animals have evolved this behavior so that their young one's growth coincides with the seasonal availability of food/resources. This also creates a cycle of birth and deaths that overlap so that the young can grow. This seasonal cycle is what we call being in heat. Humans don't have to because we are smart and make use of what we can to survive. So sex is more recreational than utilitarian.
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How exactly does an acne cream like 'Neutrogena On the Spot' work to help heal and diminish pimples and what does it really do?
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There are two types of medications used in these. Benzoyl peroxide. This helps dry out junk clogging the pore so that the environment inside the pore is less awesome for bacteria because it lets in oxygen. BP also dries up everything not pore, making your face a wasteland of dead skin chunks and redness that *may for some people* make skin more prone to further infection. Go with lowest %. Salicylic acid. Breaks down the bonds that hold gunk over the pores, making the outer 'shell' of the pimple separate so oxygen can get in and make the pore less awesome for bacteria. Helps reduce fluid and swelling - so the size of the pimple may go down. A dab on the spot overnight works quite well. 2% is pretty good for a face/body wash that many like for preventing breakouts without drying out their skin. I use other stuff because these two have wrecked the acid mantle of my skin in the past. The acid mantle is the true hero. Exfoliate and lubricate. Oil is not the enemy. _URL_0_
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Why do dogs hate it when you blow in their faces, but love sticking their heads out the window?
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Dogs stick their head out the windows of moving vehicles because of the abundance of new, wonderful smells. Dogs can't resist new, unfamiliar smells, and the open road is full of them! Contrast that will blowing your concentrated blast of breath into a dogs nostril! :)
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What is a leap year, and why do we have it?
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Because the rotation of the Earth is not related to the orbit around the sun we get some discrepancies in our calender when we try to use one to count the other. Our calender has 365 days in a year but it actually takes the Earth about 365.25 days to complete one year. So ever year the days and seasons get roughly .25 days out of sync with our calender. To fix this we add an extra day to the calender every four years to try and fix the error and realign our calender to the actual orbit of the Earth. But even this isn't good enough as it isn't exactly 365.25 days there are some hanging decimals that build up and over the course of about 400 years we have to do another correction. So every year that ends in 00 doesn't get a leap year unless it is divisible by 400. so 1900 and 2100 did not have leap years but 2000 did. This fixes the accuracy of the calender for another 8000 or so years and since that is longer than recorded history we haven't bothered to fix it for future inaccuracies.
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When one company buys another, where does that money go?
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A company is either owned privatly or publicly . If its a private company, the owners get the money paid into their bank accounts which they will then use to go and buy big houses and speed boats. If its a public company, the owners of the shares get the value of their shares paid into their accounts in exchange for their share - the smaller share holders will smile at making a nice profit, the bigger share holders will go and buy big houses and speed boats. Sometimes it wont be a cash only deal, often it will be cash plus stock. In which case, the guy selling gets the cash and also gets signed over a load of shares which they can do with as they please. Either way, someone somewhere will be buying big houses and speedboats.
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Why are our brains really good at noticing bizarre circumstances while awake, but not while asleep?
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When you are asleep, a specific part of you brain is not used. That part of your brain is what controls things as common sense and spotting the abstract. I remember studying this in my psychology class but its been a while so i might be off.
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If I practice normal motor skills with my non-dominant hand, will it ever be as good as my dominant is naturally?
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It depends a bit. A lot of us lefties are pretty much forced to use our right hand in various situations and as a result we are sometimes better with some tools using our right hand. I write with my left hand, use scissors with my left hand but prefer to hold a screwdriver in my right hand. Probably because the tool pockets on my first pair of workshop pants were all on the right side and it made more sense to use the hand I already held the tool in.Ironically, I prefer I hold my Hitachi power tools in my left hand. This suggests that all it takes is to teach yourself well enough with the non-dominant hand is a lot of practice. In reality, you have a lot of use for it if you work in a mechanical field, so if you really need it often you probably already have *some* of this ability honed to usefulness.Everyone has different a potential, but there's no hard neurological limit to the dexterity you can learn to inherit with your non-dom hand. There will likely always be some innate preference; flinching and protective stances and other instinctual motions, like moving to catch a falling object, will probably continue to show preference for your dominant hand. But given continual practice, your non-dom hand can become every bit as dextrous as your left. Some schools of thought even believe that "handedness" is more cultural and nurtured than it is strictly biological, but the science isn't completely clear about handedness yet.
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If alcohol is supposed to impair judgement, why do politicians and businessmen drink during meetings?
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I do not know of any formal meetings where politicians imbibe. Businessmen do it for the same reason anyone else does: it makes you relaxed, and less confrontation, unless you imbibe too much. But that is kind of old school business. Yes, it does still happen, but most companies have policies against any sort or alcohol intake during company time.Drinking is not a yes/no, black-and-white question. It's quite possible to have a small drink and feel no effects whatsoever, or maybe a bit more and feel a bit more congenial. In TV shows and movies you might see people having a shot of whisky, as an example of what I mean. But no, drinking until you're impaired when there's serious business to attend to would not look good.
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