Unnamed: 0 int64 0 350k | level_0 int64 0 351k | ApplicationNumber int64 9.75M 96.1M | ArtUnit int64 1.6k 3.99k | Abstract stringlengths 1 8.37k | Claims stringlengths 3 292k | abstract-claims stringlengths 68 293k | TechCenter int64 1.6k 3.9k |
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349,300 | 350,174 | 16,757,977 | 1,765 | The method includes obtaining a first set of support and confidence parameters, identifying a first set of VNFs of a plurality of VNFs of the communication network based on the first set of support and confidence parameters, and determining association information by mining rules within VNFs of the first set of VNFs using the support and confidence parameters. A second set of VNFs, of the plurality of VNFs, are then selected based on the association information, and an operation of the communication network is controlled using the first set of VNFs and the second set of VNFs. | 1. A method of selecting virtual network functions (VNFs) to control an operation of a communication network, comprising:
obtaining, by at least one first processor, a first set of support and confidence parameters; identifying, by the at least one first processor, a first set of VNFs of a plurality of VNFs of the communication network based on the first set of support and confidence parameters; determining, by the at least one first processor, association information by mining rules within VNFs of the first set of VNFs using the support and confidence parameters; selecting, by the at least one first processor, a second set of VNFs of the plurality of VNFs based on the association information; and controlling, by the at least one first processor, an operation of the communication network using the first set of VNFs and the second set of VNFs. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting of the second set of VNFs accomplishes this selection without choosing any VNFs, of the plurality of VNFs, that belong to the first set of VNFs. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying of the first set of VNFs includes,
filtering a plurality of data mining rules for the communication network, using the first set of support and confidence parameters, to derive a first set of data mining rules, data mining the plurality of VNFs to identify the first set of VNFs using the first set of data mining rules. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the obtaining of the first set of support and confidence parameters includes,
obtaining support parameters that represent a frequency of inference information within previous slice instance datasets, and obtaining confidence parameters that represent a reliability of the inference information, the inference information including inferences between the plurality of data mining rules and the previous slice instance datasets. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the identifying of the first set of VNFs further includes,
comparing the support parameters and the confidence parameters to the plurality of VNFs to identify the first set of VNFs from the plurality of VNFs, the first set of VNFs being VNFs that have high support and high confidence. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the identifying of the first set of VNFs further includes,
adding a fixed set of VNFs to the first set of VNFs, the fixed set of VNFs being VNFs that a network operator previously assigns to a particular VNF service. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining of the association information includes,
adjusting the first set of support and confidence parameters to derive a second set of support and confidence parameters. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the adjusting of the first set of support and confidence parameters includes deriving a second set of data mining rules using at least one of statistical rules from the first set of VNFs and network operator preferences. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the selecting of the second set of VNFs includes,
applying the second set of support and confidence parameters to the plurality of VNFs, selecting VNFs with low support to be in the second set of VNFs. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the support and confidence parameters includes extracting meta data from previous data slices to derive the support and confidence parameters. 11. A network node, comprising:
a memory storing computer-readable instructions; and at least one first processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions such that the at least one first processor is configured to, obtain a first set of support and confidence parameters, identify a first set of VNFs of a plurality of VNFs of the communication network based on the first set of support and confidence parameters, determine association information by mining rules within VNFs of the first set of VNFs using the support and confidence parameters, select a second set of VNFs of the plurality of VNFs based on the association information, and control an operation of the communication network using the first set of VNFs and the second set of VNFs. 12. The network node of claim 11, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to select the second set of VNFs without choosing any VNFs, of the plurality of VNFs, that belong to the first set of VNFs. 13. The network node of claim 11, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to identify the first set of VNFs by,
filtering a plurality of data mining rules for the communication network, using the first set of support and confidence parameters, to derive a first set of data mining rules, data mining the plurality of VNFs to identify the first set of VNFs using the first set of data mining rules. 14. The network node of claim 13, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to obtain the first set of support and confidence parameters by,
obtaining support parameters that represent a frequency of inference information within previous slice instance datasets, and obtaining confidence parameters that represent a reliability of the inference information, the inference information including inferences between the plurality of data mining rules and the previous slice instance datasets. 15. The network node of claim 14, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to identify the first set of VNFs by,
comparing the support parameters and the confidence parameters to the plurality of VNFs to identify the first set of VNFs from the plurality of VNFs, the first set of VNFs being VNFs that have high support and high confidence. 16. The network node of claim 13, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to identify the first set of VNFs by,
adding a fixed set of VNFs to the first set of VNFs, the fixed set of VNFs being VNFs that a network operator previously assigns to a particular VNF service. 17. The network node of claim 14, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to determine the association information by,
adjusting the first set of support and confidence parameters to derive a second set of support and confidence parameters. 18. The network node of claim 17, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to adjust the first set of support and confidence parameters by,
deriving a second set of data mining rules using at least one of statistical rules from the first set of VNFs and network operator preferences. 19. The network node of claim 17, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to select the second set of VNFs by,
applying the second set of support and confidence parameters to the plurality of VNFs, selecting VNFs with low support to be in the second set of VNFs. 20. The network node of claim 11, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to obtain the support and confidence parameters by,
extracting meta data from previous data slices to derive the support and confidence parameters. | The method includes obtaining a first set of support and confidence parameters, identifying a first set of VNFs of a plurality of VNFs of the communication network based on the first set of support and confidence parameters, and determining association information by mining rules within VNFs of the first set of VNFs using the support and confidence parameters. A second set of VNFs, of the plurality of VNFs, are then selected based on the association information, and an operation of the communication network is controlled using the first set of VNFs and the second set of VNFs.1. A method of selecting virtual network functions (VNFs) to control an operation of a communication network, comprising:
obtaining, by at least one first processor, a first set of support and confidence parameters; identifying, by the at least one first processor, a first set of VNFs of a plurality of VNFs of the communication network based on the first set of support and confidence parameters; determining, by the at least one first processor, association information by mining rules within VNFs of the first set of VNFs using the support and confidence parameters; selecting, by the at least one first processor, a second set of VNFs of the plurality of VNFs based on the association information; and controlling, by the at least one first processor, an operation of the communication network using the first set of VNFs and the second set of VNFs. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting of the second set of VNFs accomplishes this selection without choosing any VNFs, of the plurality of VNFs, that belong to the first set of VNFs. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying of the first set of VNFs includes,
filtering a plurality of data mining rules for the communication network, using the first set of support and confidence parameters, to derive a first set of data mining rules, data mining the plurality of VNFs to identify the first set of VNFs using the first set of data mining rules. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the obtaining of the first set of support and confidence parameters includes,
obtaining support parameters that represent a frequency of inference information within previous slice instance datasets, and obtaining confidence parameters that represent a reliability of the inference information, the inference information including inferences between the plurality of data mining rules and the previous slice instance datasets. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the identifying of the first set of VNFs further includes,
comparing the support parameters and the confidence parameters to the plurality of VNFs to identify the first set of VNFs from the plurality of VNFs, the first set of VNFs being VNFs that have high support and high confidence. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the identifying of the first set of VNFs further includes,
adding a fixed set of VNFs to the first set of VNFs, the fixed set of VNFs being VNFs that a network operator previously assigns to a particular VNF service. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining of the association information includes,
adjusting the first set of support and confidence parameters to derive a second set of support and confidence parameters. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the adjusting of the first set of support and confidence parameters includes deriving a second set of data mining rules using at least one of statistical rules from the first set of VNFs and network operator preferences. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the selecting of the second set of VNFs includes,
applying the second set of support and confidence parameters to the plurality of VNFs, selecting VNFs with low support to be in the second set of VNFs. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the support and confidence parameters includes extracting meta data from previous data slices to derive the support and confidence parameters. 11. A network node, comprising:
a memory storing computer-readable instructions; and at least one first processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions such that the at least one first processor is configured to, obtain a first set of support and confidence parameters, identify a first set of VNFs of a plurality of VNFs of the communication network based on the first set of support and confidence parameters, determine association information by mining rules within VNFs of the first set of VNFs using the support and confidence parameters, select a second set of VNFs of the plurality of VNFs based on the association information, and control an operation of the communication network using the first set of VNFs and the second set of VNFs. 12. The network node of claim 11, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to select the second set of VNFs without choosing any VNFs, of the plurality of VNFs, that belong to the first set of VNFs. 13. The network node of claim 11, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to identify the first set of VNFs by,
filtering a plurality of data mining rules for the communication network, using the first set of support and confidence parameters, to derive a first set of data mining rules, data mining the plurality of VNFs to identify the first set of VNFs using the first set of data mining rules. 14. The network node of claim 13, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to obtain the first set of support and confidence parameters by,
obtaining support parameters that represent a frequency of inference information within previous slice instance datasets, and obtaining confidence parameters that represent a reliability of the inference information, the inference information including inferences between the plurality of data mining rules and the previous slice instance datasets. 15. The network node of claim 14, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to identify the first set of VNFs by,
comparing the support parameters and the confidence parameters to the plurality of VNFs to identify the first set of VNFs from the plurality of VNFs, the first set of VNFs being VNFs that have high support and high confidence. 16. The network node of claim 13, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to identify the first set of VNFs by,
adding a fixed set of VNFs to the first set of VNFs, the fixed set of VNFs being VNFs that a network operator previously assigns to a particular VNF service. 17. The network node of claim 14, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to determine the association information by,
adjusting the first set of support and confidence parameters to derive a second set of support and confidence parameters. 18. The network node of claim 17, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to adjust the first set of support and confidence parameters by,
deriving a second set of data mining rules using at least one of statistical rules from the first set of VNFs and network operator preferences. 19. The network node of claim 17, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to select the second set of VNFs by,
applying the second set of support and confidence parameters to the plurality of VNFs, selecting VNFs with low support to be in the second set of VNFs. 20. The network node of claim 11, wherein the at least one first processor is configured to obtain the support and confidence parameters by,
extracting meta data from previous data slices to derive the support and confidence parameters. | 1,700 |
349,301 | 350,175 | 16,758,006 | 1,613 | The described invention relates, in part, to a water-free, toothbrush-free oral composition in the form of a tablet, comprising neem, xylitol, one or more polymers, optionally magnolia bark extract, and a coating, wherein the tablet is activated in situ by a chewing action and/or by contacting saliva, and methods of use. | 1. A water-free, and rinse-free oral care composition in form of a tablet, comprising:
0. 5%-95% neem; 0. 5%-95% xylitol; 0. 5%-95% one or more polymers, and 0.01%-5% sensate, wherein the tablet is activated in situ by a chewing action and/or by contacting saliva and the sensate component provides a sensorial feel of a clean mouth. 2. The oral care composition of claim 1, further comprising an effervescent agent. 3. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is digestible. 4. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a carboxylic block polymer. 5. The oral care composition of claim 4, wherein the carboxylic block polymer is GantrezS-97BF. 6. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer is an anionic polymer. 7. The oral care composition of claim 6, wherein the anionic polymer comprises one or more of acrylic acid, an ester of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or an ester of methacrylic acid. 8. The oral care composition of claim 7, wherein the anionic polymer is a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid or a copolymer of an ester of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. 9. The oral care composition of claim 1, further comprising an abrasive. 10. The oral care composition of claim 9, wherein the abrasive is a mineral abrasive. 11. The oral care composition of claim 9, wherein the abrasive is selected from the group consisting of: silicic acids, calcium carbonates, calcium phosphates, aluminum oxides and/or hydroxyapatites, sodium metaphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, tricalcium phosphate, dihydrated dicalcium phosphate, micronized silicon, aluminum silicate, calcined alumina, bentonite, surface-active substances (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, and cocamidopropylbetaine), and other siliceous materials, and combinations thereof. 12. The oral care composition of claim 1, further comprising charcoal. 13. The oral care composition of claim 1, further comprising 2-99% of an antibacterial plant extract. 14. The oral care composition of claim 13, wherein the antibacterial plant extract is magnolia bark extract (MBE). 15. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet comprises a contoured surface. 16. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet is between about 0.25 inches to 0.75 inches in diameter. 17. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet is between about 0.1 inches to 0.5 inches thick. 18. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet is about 0.5 inches in diameter and 0.25″ thick. 19. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet comprises a coating. 20. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the neem component, xylitol component and one or more carboxylic block copolymers components are distributed evenly throughout the tablet. 21. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the neem component, xylitol component and one or more carboxylic block copolymers component are distributed in layers throughout the tablet. 22. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more of a flavorant, a pigment, a dye, a whitening agent, an anti-tartar agent, a desensitizing agent, a sensate, a vitamin, a preservative, an enzyme, saliva-stimulating agent, or a mixture thereof. 23. A method for cleaning the surfaces of the oral cavity comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the oral cavity includes the teeth, the tongue, the gums and the cheeks. 25. A method for the treatment or prevention of enamel erosion on a dental surface, comprising contacting the dental surface with the oral care composition of claim 1. 26. A method for the treatment or inhibition of a chemical stain, plaque, and/or tartar on a dental surface, comprising contacting the dental surface with the oral care composition of claim 1. 27. A method for the treatment or inhibition of gum disease comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. 28. A method for the treatment or inhibition of halitosis comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. 29. A method for the inhibition of biofilm formation on a dental surface comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. 30. A method for the treatment or inhibition of bacteria from sticking together and growing into bigger colonies in an oral cavity comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. | The described invention relates, in part, to a water-free, toothbrush-free oral composition in the form of a tablet, comprising neem, xylitol, one or more polymers, optionally magnolia bark extract, and a coating, wherein the tablet is activated in situ by a chewing action and/or by contacting saliva, and methods of use.1. A water-free, and rinse-free oral care composition in form of a tablet, comprising:
0. 5%-95% neem; 0. 5%-95% xylitol; 0. 5%-95% one or more polymers, and 0.01%-5% sensate, wherein the tablet is activated in situ by a chewing action and/or by contacting saliva and the sensate component provides a sensorial feel of a clean mouth. 2. The oral care composition of claim 1, further comprising an effervescent agent. 3. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is digestible. 4. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a carboxylic block polymer. 5. The oral care composition of claim 4, wherein the carboxylic block polymer is GantrezS-97BF. 6. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer is an anionic polymer. 7. The oral care composition of claim 6, wherein the anionic polymer comprises one or more of acrylic acid, an ester of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or an ester of methacrylic acid. 8. The oral care composition of claim 7, wherein the anionic polymer is a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid or a copolymer of an ester of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. 9. The oral care composition of claim 1, further comprising an abrasive. 10. The oral care composition of claim 9, wherein the abrasive is a mineral abrasive. 11. The oral care composition of claim 9, wherein the abrasive is selected from the group consisting of: silicic acids, calcium carbonates, calcium phosphates, aluminum oxides and/or hydroxyapatites, sodium metaphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, tricalcium phosphate, dihydrated dicalcium phosphate, micronized silicon, aluminum silicate, calcined alumina, bentonite, surface-active substances (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, and cocamidopropylbetaine), and other siliceous materials, and combinations thereof. 12. The oral care composition of claim 1, further comprising charcoal. 13. The oral care composition of claim 1, further comprising 2-99% of an antibacterial plant extract. 14. The oral care composition of claim 13, wherein the antibacterial plant extract is magnolia bark extract (MBE). 15. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet comprises a contoured surface. 16. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet is between about 0.25 inches to 0.75 inches in diameter. 17. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet is between about 0.1 inches to 0.5 inches thick. 18. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet is about 0.5 inches in diameter and 0.25″ thick. 19. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the tablet comprises a coating. 20. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the neem component, xylitol component and one or more carboxylic block copolymers components are distributed evenly throughout the tablet. 21. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the neem component, xylitol component and one or more carboxylic block copolymers component are distributed in layers throughout the tablet. 22. The oral care composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more of a flavorant, a pigment, a dye, a whitening agent, an anti-tartar agent, a desensitizing agent, a sensate, a vitamin, a preservative, an enzyme, saliva-stimulating agent, or a mixture thereof. 23. A method for cleaning the surfaces of the oral cavity comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the oral cavity includes the teeth, the tongue, the gums and the cheeks. 25. A method for the treatment or prevention of enamel erosion on a dental surface, comprising contacting the dental surface with the oral care composition of claim 1. 26. A method for the treatment or inhibition of a chemical stain, plaque, and/or tartar on a dental surface, comprising contacting the dental surface with the oral care composition of claim 1. 27. A method for the treatment or inhibition of gum disease comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. 28. A method for the treatment or inhibition of halitosis comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. 29. A method for the inhibition of biofilm formation on a dental surface comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. 30. A method for the treatment or inhibition of bacteria from sticking together and growing into bigger colonies in an oral cavity comprising contacting the oral cavity with the oral care composition of claim 1. | 1,600 |
349,302 | 350,176 | 16,757,972 | 1,766 | An ultra low density film and an ultra low density solid material are produced by the steps of providing a vessel, introducing two immiscible fluids into the vessel, adding nanocrystals to at least one of the two immiscible fluids, applying a shear force to the two immiscible fluids and the nanocrystals in a manner that causes the nanocrystals to self-assemble and form colloidosomes. The colloidosomes amass and evaporation of the two fluids produces dried colloidosomes. The ultra low density self-assembled colloidosomes are hollow self-assembled colloidosomes, which are formed into the ultra-low density film and the ultra-low density solid. | 1. A method of making a film or a solid material, comprising the steps of:
providing a vessel, introducing two immiscible fluids into said vessel, nanocrystals contained in at least one of said two immiscible fluids, applying a shear force to said two immiscible fluids and said nanocrystals a manner that causes said nanocrystals to self-assemble and form colloidosomes, enabling said colloidosomes to amass, and removing said two immiscible fluids to produce dried colloidosomes and make the film or the solid material. 2. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said vessel has a lower portion and wherein said vessel is oriented with gravity aligned to said lower portion of said vessel allowing said colloidosomes to amass in said lower portion of said vessel. 3. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises providing a first electrode in said vessel, providing a second electrode in said vessel, and energizing said first electrode and said second electrode to cause said colloidosomes to migrate to said first electrode and produce a colloidosomes accumulate on said first electrode. 4. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said step of removing said two immiscible fluids to produce dried colloidosomes comprises allowing evaporation of said two immiscible fluids to produce dried colloidosomes. 5. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said two immiscible fluids are oil and water. 6. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said two immiscible fluids are hexane and methanol. 7. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said nanocrystals are metal nanocrystals. 8. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said nanocrystals are oxide nanocrystals. 9. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said nanocrystals are organic nanocrystals. 10. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said nanocrystals are nanocrystals composed of oxides, metals, semiconductors, and organics, and combinations of oxides, metals, semiconductors, and organics. 11. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1. wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises enabling said colloidosomes to amass and form a single layer of colloidosomes. 12. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises enabling said colloidosomes to amass and form multiple layers of colloidosomes, 13. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said step of adding nanocrystals to at least one of said two immiscible fluids comprises adding nanocrystals of a first material to at least one of said two immiscible fluids and adding nanocrystals of a second material to at least one of said two immiscible fluids wherein said first material and said second material are different materials and wherein said dried colloidosomes include both nanocrystals of a first material and nanocrystals of a second material. 14. A method of making a film or a solid material, comprising the steps of:
providing a vessel; providing a stabilized emulsion, wherein said step of providing a stabilized emulsion includes providing two immiscible fluids with nanocrystals in at least one of said two immiscible fluids, applying a shear force to said two immiscible fluids and said nanocrystals in a manner that causes said nanocrystals to self-assemble and form colloidosomes; providing said stabilized emulsion in said vessel; providing a first electrode in said vessel; providing a second electrode in said vessel; energizing said first electrode and said second electrode to charge said colloidosomes causing said colloidosomes to migrate to said first electrode and produce a colloidosomes accumulate on said first electrode; enabling said colloidosomes to amass, and removing said two immiscible fluids to produce dried colloidosomes and make the film or the solid material. 15. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 14 wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises enabling said colloidosomes to amass and form a single layer of colloidosomes. 16. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 14 wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises enabling said colloidosomes to amass and form multiple layers of colloidosomes. 17. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 14 wherein said step of providing two immiscible fluids with nanocrystals in at least one of said two immiscible fluids comprises providing two immiscible fluids with nanocrystals of a first material in at least one of said two immiscible fluids and providing two immiscible fluids with nanocrystals of a second material in at least one of said two immiscible fluids wherein said first material and said second material are different materials. 18. A film or a solid material product, comprising:
self-assemble colloidosomes that form the film or a solid material product. 19. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein said self-assemble colloidosomes are hollow self-assembled colloidosomes. 20. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein the film is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that form a single layer of colloidosomes. 21. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein the film is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that form multiple layers of colloidosomes. 22. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein the film is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that include both nanocrystals of a first material and nanocrystals of a second material. 23. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein the solid material product is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that form multiple layers of colloidosomes. 24. The film or a solid material of claim 18 wherein the solid material product is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that include both nanocrystals of a first material and nanocrystals of a second material. | An ultra low density film and an ultra low density solid material are produced by the steps of providing a vessel, introducing two immiscible fluids into the vessel, adding nanocrystals to at least one of the two immiscible fluids, applying a shear force to the two immiscible fluids and the nanocrystals in a manner that causes the nanocrystals to self-assemble and form colloidosomes. The colloidosomes amass and evaporation of the two fluids produces dried colloidosomes. The ultra low density self-assembled colloidosomes are hollow self-assembled colloidosomes, which are formed into the ultra-low density film and the ultra-low density solid.1. A method of making a film or a solid material, comprising the steps of:
providing a vessel, introducing two immiscible fluids into said vessel, nanocrystals contained in at least one of said two immiscible fluids, applying a shear force to said two immiscible fluids and said nanocrystals a manner that causes said nanocrystals to self-assemble and form colloidosomes, enabling said colloidosomes to amass, and removing said two immiscible fluids to produce dried colloidosomes and make the film or the solid material. 2. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said vessel has a lower portion and wherein said vessel is oriented with gravity aligned to said lower portion of said vessel allowing said colloidosomes to amass in said lower portion of said vessel. 3. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises providing a first electrode in said vessel, providing a second electrode in said vessel, and energizing said first electrode and said second electrode to cause said colloidosomes to migrate to said first electrode and produce a colloidosomes accumulate on said first electrode. 4. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said step of removing said two immiscible fluids to produce dried colloidosomes comprises allowing evaporation of said two immiscible fluids to produce dried colloidosomes. 5. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said two immiscible fluids are oil and water. 6. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said two immiscible fluids are hexane and methanol. 7. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said nanocrystals are metal nanocrystals. 8. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said nanocrystals are oxide nanocrystals. 9. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said nanocrystals are organic nanocrystals. 10. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said nanocrystals are nanocrystals composed of oxides, metals, semiconductors, and organics, and combinations of oxides, metals, semiconductors, and organics. 11. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1. wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises enabling said colloidosomes to amass and form a single layer of colloidosomes. 12. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises enabling said colloidosomes to amass and form multiple layers of colloidosomes, 13. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 1 wherein said step of adding nanocrystals to at least one of said two immiscible fluids comprises adding nanocrystals of a first material to at least one of said two immiscible fluids and adding nanocrystals of a second material to at least one of said two immiscible fluids wherein said first material and said second material are different materials and wherein said dried colloidosomes include both nanocrystals of a first material and nanocrystals of a second material. 14. A method of making a film or a solid material, comprising the steps of:
providing a vessel; providing a stabilized emulsion, wherein said step of providing a stabilized emulsion includes providing two immiscible fluids with nanocrystals in at least one of said two immiscible fluids, applying a shear force to said two immiscible fluids and said nanocrystals in a manner that causes said nanocrystals to self-assemble and form colloidosomes; providing said stabilized emulsion in said vessel; providing a first electrode in said vessel; providing a second electrode in said vessel; energizing said first electrode and said second electrode to charge said colloidosomes causing said colloidosomes to migrate to said first electrode and produce a colloidosomes accumulate on said first electrode; enabling said colloidosomes to amass, and removing said two immiscible fluids to produce dried colloidosomes and make the film or the solid material. 15. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 14 wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises enabling said colloidosomes to amass and form a single layer of colloidosomes. 16. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 14 wherein said step of enabling said colloidosomes to amass comprises enabling said colloidosomes to amass and form multiple layers of colloidosomes. 17. The method of making a film or a solid material of claim 14 wherein said step of providing two immiscible fluids with nanocrystals in at least one of said two immiscible fluids comprises providing two immiscible fluids with nanocrystals of a first material in at least one of said two immiscible fluids and providing two immiscible fluids with nanocrystals of a second material in at least one of said two immiscible fluids wherein said first material and said second material are different materials. 18. A film or a solid material product, comprising:
self-assemble colloidosomes that form the film or a solid material product. 19. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein said self-assemble colloidosomes are hollow self-assembled colloidosomes. 20. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein the film is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that form a single layer of colloidosomes. 21. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein the film is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that form multiple layers of colloidosomes. 22. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein the film is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that include both nanocrystals of a first material and nanocrystals of a second material. 23. The film or a solid material product of claim 18 wherein the solid material product is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that form multiple layers of colloidosomes. 24. The film or a solid material of claim 18 wherein the solid material product is made of hollow self-assemble colloidosomes that include both nanocrystals of a first material and nanocrystals of a second material. | 1,700 |
349,303 | 350,177 | 16,757,965 | 1,766 | The present technology relates to a transmission device, a transmission method, a reception device, and a reception method for securing good communication quality in data transmission using an LDPC code. | 1. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 2/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1800, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 2. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 2/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1800, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 3. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 2/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1800, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 4. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 2/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1800, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 5. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 3/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1440, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 6. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 3/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1440, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 7. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 3/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1440, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 8. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 3/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1440, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 9. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 4/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 10. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 4/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 11. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 4/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 12. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 4/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is | The present technology relates to a transmission device, a transmission method, a reception device, and a reception method for securing good communication quality in data transmission using an LDPC code.1. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 2/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1800, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 2. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 2/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1800, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 3. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 2/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1800, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 4. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 2/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1800, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 5. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 3/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1440, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 6. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 3/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1440, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 7. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 3/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1440, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 8. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 3/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1440, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 9. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 4/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 10. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 4/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 11. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 4/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 12. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 4/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is | 1,700 |
349,304 | 350,178 | 16,757,993 | 1,766 | Variant polypeptides having beta-amylase activity and methods of making and using the enzymes in baking, detergents, personal care products, in the processing of textiles, in pulp and paper processing, in the production of ethanol, lignocellulosic ethanol, or syrups; as viscosity breakers in oilfield and mining industries. | 1. A variant polypeptide having beta-amylase activity, wherein the variant polypeptide is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or at least 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1. 2. A variant polypeptide having beta-amylase activity, wherein the variant polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of: (a) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 364, 366, 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (b) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48, 83, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153 155, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 273, 280, 286, 319, 322, 364, 366 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (b) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48, 83, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153, 155, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 273, 280, 286, 319, 322, 364, 366 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (d) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48 83, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153, 155, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 273, 280, 286, 319, 322, 364, 366 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (e) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48, 83, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153, 155, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 273, 280, 286, 319, 322, 364, 366 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; and, (f) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, at an amino acid residue position number: 48, 51, 56, 57, 59, 60, 80, 115, 133, 137, 139, 151, 173, 175, 177, 178, 179, 185, 187, 204, 207, 211, 229, 233, 235, 237, 238, 247, 251, 252, 253, 262, 305, 231, 318, 351, 354, 396, 398, 401, 430, 431, 470, 472, 478, 484, 485, 488, 490, 495, 496, 497, 500, 508, 522, 531, 536, 540, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity. 3. The variant polypeptide of claim 2, wherein the at least one single amino acid modification is an amino acid substitution, insertion, deletion, or any combination thereof and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity. 4. The variant polypeptide of claim 3, wherein the amino acid substitution is a conservative amino acid substitution. 5. The variant polypeptide of claim 3, wherein the at least one single amino acid modification is an amino acid substitution comprising: K16Q, D19I, D19L, K24D, K24E, D25P, L27Q, L27H, L27C, I28A, K48Q, E48D, D51I, D51L, K56D, K56E, D57P, D57K, L59Q, L59H, L59C, I60A, E80D, C83S, S83C, T101N, Q105L, N107S, C115S, S115C, N119D, T133N, Q137L, N139S, A141R, N143D, S145N, S146P, Y147H, N151D, K153E, Y155H, H155Y, S172T, A173R, N175D, W175R, S177N, S178P, G179D, Y179H, K185E, Y187H, H187Y, A197T, K201E, G203I, S204T, I205M, A206H, W207R, G211D, S215D, F219W, S220W, S220C, C220S, C220L, C220W, Q221M, A229T, N230K, K233E, G235I, I237M, A238H, S247D, F251W, S252L, S252W, S252C, C252S, C252L, C252W, Q253M, N262K, N262G, V273*, A280S, S280A, H286Y, Y286H, V305*, A312S, S312A, Y318H, H318Y, T319S, S319T, C322S, S322C, T351S, S351T, C354S, S354C, A364P, S366H, N369P, A396P, S398H, S398P, D399M, N401P, S430P, D431M, N438Y, N738S, Y440N, S446P, N452D, T453K, A456S, G458D, P463T, P463L, N464D, Y465N, W468C, N470Y, N470S, Y472N, P476L, S478P, N484D, T485K, A488S, G490D, S490T, P495T, P495L, N496D, Y497N, S499P, W500C, T504N, P508L, S508T, S522T, S531P, T536N, S540T, or any combination thereof and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity. 6. A variant polypeptide having beta-amylase activity, wherein the variant polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of: (i) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (c1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, S220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (i1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, S220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (ii) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, S220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (i1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, S220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (iii) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (c1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, S220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (i1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, S220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (iv) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (c1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, C220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (i1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, C220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (v1) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (c1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, 5398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, S220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, S220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (vii) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D51I, L59C, A173R, A396P, N401P, S430P; (b1) D51I, L59C, I60A, S177N, G235I, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (c1) D51I, L59H, Q253M; (d1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P; (e1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P; (f1) D57K, G235I, A396P, N401P, S430P; (g1) D57K, I60A, S252L, Q253M, A396P, N401P; (h1) D57K, L59C, G235I, A396P, N401P, S430P; (i1) D57K, L59C, G235I, A396P, N401P, S430P; (j1) D57K, L59C, G235I, Q253M, A396P, N401P, S430P; (k1) D57K, L59C, I60A, A173R, A396P, N401P, S430P; (11) D57K, L59C, I60A, A173R, A396P, N401P, S430P; (m1) D57K, L59C, S177N, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (n1) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (o1) D57P, L59H, I60A, Q253M; (p1) G235I, A396P, N401P, S430P; (q1) K56E, D57K, L59C, A396P, N369P; (r1) K56E, D57K, L59C, I60A, A173R, A396P, N401P, S430P; (s1) K56E, D57P, L59H, A173R, G235I, S252L, S430P; (t) K56E, L59H, I60A, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (u1) N175D, A229T; (v1) S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (w1) T133N, D431M; (x1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495T; (y1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, N496D, P508L; (z1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495L, Y497N, W500C; (a2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, A488S; (b2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, Y472N; (c2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, G490D; (d2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, S540T; (e2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, T540N; (f2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, S522T; (g2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, S531P; (h2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, N484D; (i2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470S; (j2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, T485K; (k2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, S478P; (l2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, W500C; (m2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, K185E, K233E; (n2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, E48D, N175Y, S178P, K233E; (o2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, N139S, S204T, W207R; (p2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, Q137L, N151D; (q2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495T; (r2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, N496D, P508L; (s2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495L, Y497N, W500C; (t2) D57K, L59C, K185E, K233E, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, N496D, P508L; (u2) D57K, L59C, G235I, Q253M, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495T; (v2) D57K, L59C, G235I, Q253M, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, N496D, P508L; (w2) D57K, L59C, G235I, Q253M, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495L, Y497N, W500C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity. 7. A variant polypeptide having beta-amylase activity, wherein the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, and the variant polypeptide has an increase in enzyme activity, thermostability, pH-stability, or any combination thereof when compared to the beta-amylase of SEQ ID NO:2. 8. A variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, wherein the variant polypeptide is a fragment of the full length amino acid sequence and the fragment has beta-amylase activity. 9. A variant polypeptide comprising a hybrid of at least one variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, and a second polypeptide having amylase activity, wherein the hybrid has beta-amylase activity. 10. A compositions comprising the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7. 11. A composition comprising the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, and a second enzyme. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the second enzyme is selected from the group consisting of: a second beta-amylase, a lipase, an alpha-amylase, a G4-amylase, a xylanase, a protease, a cellulase, a glucoamylase, an oxidoreductase, a phospholipase, and a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. 13. A method of making a variant polypeptide comprising: providing a template nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide variant as in any of claims 1-7, transforming the template nucleic acid sequence into an expression host, cultivating the expression host to produce the variant polypeptide, and purifying the variant polypeptide. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the template nucleic acid is a variant nucleotide of the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the variant nucleotide is a nucleic acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the variant nucleotide encodes a polypeptide having beta-amylase activity. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the expression host is selected from the group consisting of: a bacterial expression system, a yeast expression system, a fungal expression system, and a synthetic expression system. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the bacterial expression system is selected from an E. coli, a Bacillus, a Pseudomonas, and a Streptomyces. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the yeast expression system is selected from a Candida, a Pichia, a Saccharomyces, a Schizosaccharomyces. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the fungal expression system is selected from a Penicillium, an Aspergillus, a Fusarium, a Myceliopthora, a Rhizomucor, a Rhizopus, a Thermomyces, and a Trichoderma. 19. A method of preparing a dough or a baked product prepared from the dough, the method comprising adding one of the variant polypeptides as in any of claims 1-7, to the dough and baking it. 20. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for processing starch. 21. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for cleaning or washing textiles, hard surfaces, or dishes. 22. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for making ethanol. 23. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for treating an oil well. 24. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for processing pulp or paper. 25. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for feeding an animal. 26. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for making syrup. | Variant polypeptides having beta-amylase activity and methods of making and using the enzymes in baking, detergents, personal care products, in the processing of textiles, in pulp and paper processing, in the production of ethanol, lignocellulosic ethanol, or syrups; as viscosity breakers in oilfield and mining industries.1. A variant polypeptide having beta-amylase activity, wherein the variant polypeptide is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or at least 100% identical to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1. 2. A variant polypeptide having beta-amylase activity, wherein the variant polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of: (a) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 364, 366, 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (b) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48, 83, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153 155, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 273, 280, 286, 319, 322, 364, 366 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (b) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48, 83, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153, 155, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 273, 280, 286, 319, 322, 364, 366 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (d) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48 83, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153, 155, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 273, 280, 286, 319, 322, 364, 366 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (e) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6, at an amino acid residue position number: 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 48, 83, 101, 105, 107, 119, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 153, 155, 172, 175, 179, 197, 201, 203, 205, 206, 215, 219, 220, 221, 230, 273, 280, 286, 319, 322, 364, 366 369, 398, 399, 438, 440, 446, 452, 453, 456, 458, 463, 464, 465, 468, 476, 490, 499, 504, 508, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; and, (f) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, wherein the variant polypeptide has at least one single amino acid modification to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, at an amino acid residue position number: 48, 51, 56, 57, 59, 60, 80, 115, 133, 137, 139, 151, 173, 175, 177, 178, 179, 185, 187, 204, 207, 211, 229, 233, 235, 237, 238, 247, 251, 252, 253, 262, 305, 231, 318, 351, 354, 396, 398, 401, 430, 431, 470, 472, 478, 484, 485, 488, 490, 495, 496, 497, 500, 508, 522, 531, 536, 540, or any combination thereof to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity. 3. The variant polypeptide of claim 2, wherein the at least one single amino acid modification is an amino acid substitution, insertion, deletion, or any combination thereof and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity. 4. The variant polypeptide of claim 3, wherein the amino acid substitution is a conservative amino acid substitution. 5. The variant polypeptide of claim 3, wherein the at least one single amino acid modification is an amino acid substitution comprising: K16Q, D19I, D19L, K24D, K24E, D25P, L27Q, L27H, L27C, I28A, K48Q, E48D, D51I, D51L, K56D, K56E, D57P, D57K, L59Q, L59H, L59C, I60A, E80D, C83S, S83C, T101N, Q105L, N107S, C115S, S115C, N119D, T133N, Q137L, N139S, A141R, N143D, S145N, S146P, Y147H, N151D, K153E, Y155H, H155Y, S172T, A173R, N175D, W175R, S177N, S178P, G179D, Y179H, K185E, Y187H, H187Y, A197T, K201E, G203I, S204T, I205M, A206H, W207R, G211D, S215D, F219W, S220W, S220C, C220S, C220L, C220W, Q221M, A229T, N230K, K233E, G235I, I237M, A238H, S247D, F251W, S252L, S252W, S252C, C252S, C252L, C252W, Q253M, N262K, N262G, V273*, A280S, S280A, H286Y, Y286H, V305*, A312S, S312A, Y318H, H318Y, T319S, S319T, C322S, S322C, T351S, S351T, C354S, S354C, A364P, S366H, N369P, A396P, S398H, S398P, D399M, N401P, S430P, D431M, N438Y, N738S, Y440N, S446P, N452D, T453K, A456S, G458D, P463T, P463L, N464D, Y465N, W468C, N470Y, N470S, Y472N, P476L, S478P, N484D, T485K, A488S, G490D, S490T, P495T, P495L, N496D, Y497N, S499P, W500C, T504N, P508L, S508T, S522T, S531P, T536N, S540T, or any combination thereof and the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity. 6. A variant polypeptide having beta-amylase activity, wherein the variant polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of: (i) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (c1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, S220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (i1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, S220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (ii) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, S220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (i1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, S220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (iii) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (c1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, S220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (i1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, S220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (iv) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (c1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, C220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (i1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, C220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, C220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (v1) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D19I, L27C, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (b1) D19I, L27C, I28A, S145N, G203I, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (c1) D19I, L27H, Q221M; (d1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (e1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P; (f1) D25K, G203I, A364P, N369P, 5398P; (g1) D25K, I28A, S220L, Q221M, A364P, N369P; (h1) D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; D25K, L27C, G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (j1) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P; (k1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (l1) D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (m1) D25K, L27C, S145N, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (n1) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (o1) D25P, L27H, I28A, Q221M; (p1) G203I, A364P, N369P, S398P; (q1) K24E, D25K, L27C, A364P, N369P; (r1) K24E, D25K, L27C, I28A, A141R, A364P, N369P, S398P; (s1) K24E, D25P, L27H, A141R, G203I, S220L, S398P; (t1) K24E, L27H, I28A, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (u1) N143D, A197T; (v1) S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P; (w1) T101N, D399M; (X1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (y1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (z1) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (a2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, A456S; (b2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, Y440N; (c2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, G458D; (d2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S508T; (e2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T504N; (f2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S490T; (g2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S499P; (h2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N452D; (i2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438S; (j2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, T453K; (k2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, S446P; (l2) D25K, A364P, N369P, S398P, W468C; (m2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, K153E, K201E; (n2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, E48D, N143Y, S146P, K201E; (o2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N107S, S172T, W175R; (p2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, Q105L, N119D; (q2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (r2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (s2) D25K, L27C, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; (t2) D25K, L27C, K153E, K201E, S220L, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; (u2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, P463T; (v2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, N438Y, N464D, P476L; and (w2) D25K, L27C, G203I, Q221M, A364P, N369P, S398P, S398P, P463L, Y465N, W468C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity; (vii) the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, wherein the variant polypeptide has a combination of amino acid modifications to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, and the combination is selected from the group consisting of: (a1) D51I, L59C, A173R, A396P, N401P, S430P; (b1) D51I, L59C, I60A, S177N, G235I, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (c1) D51I, L59H, Q253M; (d1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P; (e1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P; (f1) D57K, G235I, A396P, N401P, S430P; (g1) D57K, I60A, S252L, Q253M, A396P, N401P; (h1) D57K, L59C, G235I, A396P, N401P, S430P; (i1) D57K, L59C, G235I, A396P, N401P, S430P; (j1) D57K, L59C, G235I, Q253M, A396P, N401P, S430P; (k1) D57K, L59C, I60A, A173R, A396P, N401P, S430P; (11) D57K, L59C, I60A, A173R, A396P, N401P, S430P; (m1) D57K, L59C, S177N, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (n1) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (o1) D57P, L59H, I60A, Q253M; (p1) G235I, A396P, N401P, S430P; (q1) K56E, D57K, L59C, A396P, N369P; (r1) K56E, D57K, L59C, I60A, A173R, A396P, N401P, S430P; (s1) K56E, D57P, L59H, A173R, G235I, S252L, S430P; (t) K56E, L59H, I60A, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (u1) N175D, A229T; (v1) S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P; (w1) T133N, D431M; (x1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495T; (y1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, N496D, P508L; (z1) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495L, Y497N, W500C; (a2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, A488S; (b2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, Y472N; (c2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, G490D; (d2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, S540T; (e2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, T540N; (f2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, S522T; (g2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, S531P; (h2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, N484D; (i2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470S; (j2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, T485K; (k2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, S478P; (l2) D57K, A396P, N401P, S430P, W500C; (m2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, K185E, K233E; (n2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, E48D, N175Y, S178P, K233E; (o2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, N139S, S204T, W207R; (p2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, Q137L, N151D; (q2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495T; (r2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, N496D, P508L; (s2) D57K, L59C, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495L, Y497N, W500C; (t2) D57K, L59C, K185E, K233E, S252L, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, N496D, P508L; (u2) D57K, L59C, G235I, Q253M, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495T; (v2) D57K, L59C, G235I, Q253M, A396P, N401P, S430P, N470Y, N496D, P508L; (w2) D57K, L59C, G235I, Q253M, A396P, N401P, S430P, P495L, Y497N, W500C; wherein the variant polypeptide has beta-amylase activity. 7. A variant polypeptide having beta-amylase activity, wherein the variant polypeptide is an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, and the variant polypeptide has an increase in enzyme activity, thermostability, pH-stability, or any combination thereof when compared to the beta-amylase of SEQ ID NO:2. 8. A variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, wherein the variant polypeptide is a fragment of the full length amino acid sequence and the fragment has beta-amylase activity. 9. A variant polypeptide comprising a hybrid of at least one variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, and a second polypeptide having amylase activity, wherein the hybrid has beta-amylase activity. 10. A compositions comprising the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7. 11. A composition comprising the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, and a second enzyme. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the second enzyme is selected from the group consisting of: a second beta-amylase, a lipase, an alpha-amylase, a G4-amylase, a xylanase, a protease, a cellulase, a glucoamylase, an oxidoreductase, a phospholipase, and a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. 13. A method of making a variant polypeptide comprising: providing a template nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide variant as in any of claims 1-7, transforming the template nucleic acid sequence into an expression host, cultivating the expression host to produce the variant polypeptide, and purifying the variant polypeptide. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the template nucleic acid is a variant nucleotide of the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the variant nucleotide is a nucleic acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to the nucleic acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the variant nucleotide encodes a polypeptide having beta-amylase activity. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the expression host is selected from the group consisting of: a bacterial expression system, a yeast expression system, a fungal expression system, and a synthetic expression system. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the bacterial expression system is selected from an E. coli, a Bacillus, a Pseudomonas, and a Streptomyces. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the yeast expression system is selected from a Candida, a Pichia, a Saccharomyces, a Schizosaccharomyces. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the fungal expression system is selected from a Penicillium, an Aspergillus, a Fusarium, a Myceliopthora, a Rhizomucor, a Rhizopus, a Thermomyces, and a Trichoderma. 19. A method of preparing a dough or a baked product prepared from the dough, the method comprising adding one of the variant polypeptides as in any of claims 1-7, to the dough and baking it. 20. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for processing starch. 21. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for cleaning or washing textiles, hard surfaces, or dishes. 22. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for making ethanol. 23. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for treating an oil well. 24. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for processing pulp or paper. 25. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for feeding an animal. 26. A method of use of the variant polypeptide as in any of claims 1-7, for making syrup. | 1,700 |
349,305 | 350,179 | 16,757,966 | 1,766 | A method in a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. The method comprises obtaining one or more radio link monitoring configurations, each radio link monitoring configuration associated with at least one bandwidth part. The method comprises determining that the UE is to switch from a source bandwidth part to a target bandwidth part. The method comprises performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to an obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part. | 1. A method in a user equipment (UE), comprising:
obtaining one or more radio link monitoring configurations, each radio link monitoring configuration associated with at least one bandwidth part; determining that the UE is to switch from a source bandwidth part to a target bandwidth part; and performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to an obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the one or more radio link monitoring configurations comprises receiving the one or more radio link monitoring configurations in a message from a network node. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each radio link monitoring configuration comprises:
a set of radio resources for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part, wherein the set of radio resources comprises at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource or a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB); and one or more configuration parameters for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part. 5.-6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more configuration parameters for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part comprise one or more of:
one or more filtering parameters; one or more radio link failure timers; an evaluation period; a number of retransmissions before radio link failure is declared; a hypothetical channel configuration; a hypothetical signal configuration; or a mapping function for a measured link quality and a hypothetical channel block error rate. 8.-11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing monitoring of a downlink channel quality of a first bandwidth part and a second bandwidth part, the performing monitoring comprising:
estimating, during a first period of time, a radio link quality of the first bandwidth part according to a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the first bandwidth part; and estimating, during a second period of time, a radio link quality of the second bandwidth part according to a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the second bandwidth part, wherein the second period of time at least partially overlaps with the first period of time. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the first bandwidth part comprises the source bandwidth part; and the second bandwidth part comprises the target bandwidth part. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the monitoring is triggered based on an activation rate of one or more of the first bandwidth part and the second bandwidth part. 15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of radio link monitoring configurations are associated with the target bandwidth part, and the method further comprises:
receiving an instruction via downlink control information to use one of the plurality of radio link monitoring configurations to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the source bandwidth part and the radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part use the same radio resources, and performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part comprises:
using one or more of previously-performed measurements and previously-performed measurement samples to generate out-of-sync and in-sync events. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the source bandwidth part and the radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part use different radio resources. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part comprises:
applying a relation function to one or more of previously-performed measurements and previously-performed measurement samples to generate out-of-sync and in-sync events without resetting a radio link failure timer or a radio link failure counter. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part comprises:
resetting at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein resetting at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter comprises:
resetting a set of radio link failure timers and radio link failure counters associated with radio link monitoring for out-of-synch events; and allowing a set of radio link failure timers and radio link failure counters associated with radio link monitoring for in-synch events to continue. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein resetting at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter comprises:
resetting one or more radio link failure timers without resetting any radio link failure counters. 23.-44. (canceled) 45. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
a receiver; a transmitter; and processing circuitry coupled to the receiver and the transmitter, the processing circuitry configured to:
obtain one or more radio link monitoring configurations, each radio link monitoring configuration associated with at least one bandwidth part;
determine that the UE is to switch from a source bandwidth part to a target bandwidth part; and
perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to an obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part. 46. The UE of claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry configured to obtain the one or more radio link monitoring configurations is further configured to receive the one or more radio link monitoring configurations in a message from a network node. 47. (canceled) 48. The UE of claim 45, wherein each radio link monitoring configuration comprises:
a set of radio resources for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part, wherein the set of radio resources comprises at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource or a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB); and one or more configuration parameters for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part. 49.-50. (canceled) 51. The UE of claim 48, wherein the one or more configuration parameters for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part comprise one or more of:
one or more filtering parameters; one or more radio link failure timers; an evaluation period; a number of retransmissions before radio link failure is declared; a hypothetical channel configuration; a hypothetical signal configuration; or a mapping function for a measured link quality and a hypothetical channel block error rate. 52.-55. (canceled) 56. The UE of claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to perform monitoring of a downlink channel quality of a first bandwidth part and a second bandwidth part, the processing circuitry configured to perform monitoring further configured to:
estimate, during a first period of time, a radio link quality of the first bandwidth part according to a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the first bandwidth part; and estimate, during a second period of time, a radio link quality of the second bandwidth part according to a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the second bandwidth part, wherein the second period of time at least partially overlaps with the first period of time. 57. The UE of claim 56, wherein:
the first bandwidth part comprises the source bandwidth part; and the second bandwidth part comprises the target bandwidth part. 58. The UE of claim 56, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to trigger the monitoring based on an activation rate of one or more of the first bandwidth part and the second bandwidth part. 59. (canceled) 60. The UE of claim 45, wherein a plurality of radio link monitoring configurations are associated with the target bandwidth part, and the processing circuitry is further configured to:
receive an instruction via downlink control information to use one of the plurality of radio link monitoring configurations to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part. 61. The UE of claim 45, wherein a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the source bandwidth part and the radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part use the same radio resources, and the processing circuitry configured to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part is further configured to:
use one or more of previously-performed measurements and previously-performed measurement samples to generate out-of-sync and in-sync events. 62. The UE of claim 45, wherein a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the source bandwidth part and the radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part use different radio resources. 63. The UE of claim 62, wherein the processing circuitry configured to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part is further configured to:
apply a relation function to one or more of previously-performed measurements and previously-performed measurement samples to generate out-of-sync and in-sync events without resetting a radio link failure timer or a radio link failure counter. 64. The UE of claim 62, wherein the processing circuitry configured to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part is further configured to:
reset at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter. 65. The UE of claim 64, wherein the processing circuitry configured to reset at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter is further configured to:
reset a set of radio link failure timers and radio link failure counters associated with radio link monitoring for out-of-synch events; and allow a set of radio link failure timers and radio link failure counters associated with radio link monitoring for in-synch events to continue. 66. The UE of claim 62, wherein the processing circuitry configured to reset at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter is further configured to:
reset one or more radio link failure timers without resetting any radio link failure counters. 67.-88. (canceled) | A method in a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. The method comprises obtaining one or more radio link monitoring configurations, each radio link monitoring configuration associated with at least one bandwidth part. The method comprises determining that the UE is to switch from a source bandwidth part to a target bandwidth part. The method comprises performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to an obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part.1. A method in a user equipment (UE), comprising:
obtaining one or more radio link monitoring configurations, each radio link monitoring configuration associated with at least one bandwidth part; determining that the UE is to switch from a source bandwidth part to a target bandwidth part; and performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to an obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the one or more radio link monitoring configurations comprises receiving the one or more radio link monitoring configurations in a message from a network node. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each radio link monitoring configuration comprises:
a set of radio resources for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part, wherein the set of radio resources comprises at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource or a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB); and one or more configuration parameters for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part. 5.-6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more configuration parameters for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part comprise one or more of:
one or more filtering parameters; one or more radio link failure timers; an evaluation period; a number of retransmissions before radio link failure is declared; a hypothetical channel configuration; a hypothetical signal configuration; or a mapping function for a measured link quality and a hypothetical channel block error rate. 8.-11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing monitoring of a downlink channel quality of a first bandwidth part and a second bandwidth part, the performing monitoring comprising:
estimating, during a first period of time, a radio link quality of the first bandwidth part according to a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the first bandwidth part; and estimating, during a second period of time, a radio link quality of the second bandwidth part according to a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the second bandwidth part, wherein the second period of time at least partially overlaps with the first period of time. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the first bandwidth part comprises the source bandwidth part; and the second bandwidth part comprises the target bandwidth part. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the monitoring is triggered based on an activation rate of one or more of the first bandwidth part and the second bandwidth part. 15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of radio link monitoring configurations are associated with the target bandwidth part, and the method further comprises:
receiving an instruction via downlink control information to use one of the plurality of radio link monitoring configurations to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the source bandwidth part and the radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part use the same radio resources, and performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part comprises:
using one or more of previously-performed measurements and previously-performed measurement samples to generate out-of-sync and in-sync events. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the source bandwidth part and the radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part use different radio resources. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part comprises:
applying a relation function to one or more of previously-performed measurements and previously-performed measurement samples to generate out-of-sync and in-sync events without resetting a radio link failure timer or a radio link failure counter. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein performing radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part comprises:
resetting at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein resetting at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter comprises:
resetting a set of radio link failure timers and radio link failure counters associated with radio link monitoring for out-of-synch events; and allowing a set of radio link failure timers and radio link failure counters associated with radio link monitoring for in-synch events to continue. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein resetting at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter comprises:
resetting one or more radio link failure timers without resetting any radio link failure counters. 23.-44. (canceled) 45. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
a receiver; a transmitter; and processing circuitry coupled to the receiver and the transmitter, the processing circuitry configured to:
obtain one or more radio link monitoring configurations, each radio link monitoring configuration associated with at least one bandwidth part;
determine that the UE is to switch from a source bandwidth part to a target bandwidth part; and
perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to an obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part. 46. The UE of claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry configured to obtain the one or more radio link monitoring configurations is further configured to receive the one or more radio link monitoring configurations in a message from a network node. 47. (canceled) 48. The UE of claim 45, wherein each radio link monitoring configuration comprises:
a set of radio resources for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part, wherein the set of radio resources comprises at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource or a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB); and one or more configuration parameters for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part. 49.-50. (canceled) 51. The UE of claim 48, wherein the one or more configuration parameters for performing radio link monitoring within its associated bandwidth part comprise one or more of:
one or more filtering parameters; one or more radio link failure timers; an evaluation period; a number of retransmissions before radio link failure is declared; a hypothetical channel configuration; a hypothetical signal configuration; or a mapping function for a measured link quality and a hypothetical channel block error rate. 52.-55. (canceled) 56. The UE of claim 45, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to perform monitoring of a downlink channel quality of a first bandwidth part and a second bandwidth part, the processing circuitry configured to perform monitoring further configured to:
estimate, during a first period of time, a radio link quality of the first bandwidth part according to a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the first bandwidth part; and estimate, during a second period of time, a radio link quality of the second bandwidth part according to a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the second bandwidth part, wherein the second period of time at least partially overlaps with the first period of time. 57. The UE of claim 56, wherein:
the first bandwidth part comprises the source bandwidth part; and the second bandwidth part comprises the target bandwidth part. 58. The UE of claim 56, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to trigger the monitoring based on an activation rate of one or more of the first bandwidth part and the second bandwidth part. 59. (canceled) 60. The UE of claim 45, wherein a plurality of radio link monitoring configurations are associated with the target bandwidth part, and the processing circuitry is further configured to:
receive an instruction via downlink control information to use one of the plurality of radio link monitoring configurations to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part. 61. The UE of claim 45, wherein a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the source bandwidth part and the radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part use the same radio resources, and the processing circuitry configured to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part is further configured to:
use one or more of previously-performed measurements and previously-performed measurement samples to generate out-of-sync and in-sync events. 62. The UE of claim 45, wherein a radio link monitoring configuration associated with the source bandwidth part and the radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part use different radio resources. 63. The UE of claim 62, wherein the processing circuitry configured to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part is further configured to:
apply a relation function to one or more of previously-performed measurements and previously-performed measurement samples to generate out-of-sync and in-sync events without resetting a radio link failure timer or a radio link failure counter. 64. The UE of claim 62, wherein the processing circuitry configured to perform radio link monitoring on the target bandwidth part according to the obtained radio link monitoring configuration associated with the target bandwidth part is further configured to:
reset at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter. 65. The UE of claim 64, wherein the processing circuitry configured to reset at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter is further configured to:
reset a set of radio link failure timers and radio link failure counters associated with radio link monitoring for out-of-synch events; and allow a set of radio link failure timers and radio link failure counters associated with radio link monitoring for in-synch events to continue. 66. The UE of claim 62, wherein the processing circuitry configured to reset at least one of a radio link failure timer and a radio link failure counter is further configured to:
reset one or more radio link failure timers without resetting any radio link failure counters. 67.-88. (canceled) | 1,700 |
349,306 | 350,180 | 16,757,997 | 1,766 | There is provided a weight bearing device for being located overhead to support the weight of a load applied to the device in use. Embodiments comprise a reel for winding up or unwinding a support belt for supporting the load, the reel being rotatable about a first axis of rotation. An actuator element is provided for being driven about a second axis of rotation to drive a locking mechanism to lock the reel against unwinding of the support belt when the weight of the load is applied to the support belt. The reel is released by the locking mechanism when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. Methods for use of the device are also provided. | 1. A weight bearing device for being located overhead to support the weight of a load applied to the device in use, the device comprising:
a reel for winding up or unwinding a support belt for supporting the load, the reel being rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a locking mechanism for locking the reel against rotation about the first axis of rotation and thereby unwinding of the support belt; and an actuator element for being driven about a second axis of rotation to drive the locking mechanism to lock the rotation of the reel when the weight of the load is applied to the support belt, and wherein the reel is released by the locking mechanism when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a pulley wheel for being rotated to drive rotation of the reel to wind up or unwind the support belt in the absence of the weight of the load being applied to the support belt; and a pulley belt passing about the pulley wheel and arranged for being pulled to drive the rotation of the pulley wheel. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the first axis of rotation is defined by a rotatably mounted main shaft, and wherein the reel and the pulley wheel are fixedly mounted on the main shaft. 4. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a damping system for damping the locking of the reel by the locking mechanism, and wherein the damping system is configured to drive disengagement of the locking mechanism to permit rotation of the reel for unwinding of the belt from the reel, when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. 5. (canceled) 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the actuator element is disposed in an offset position with respect to the second axis of rotation and is arranged to be driven about the second axis of rotation with application of force to the actuator element by the support belt upon the weight of the load being applied to the support belt. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism comprises:
at least one ratchet wheel arranged to rotate about the first axis of rotation with the rotation of the reel; and at least one pawl pivotable about the second axis of rotation into engagement with the ratchet wheel to lock the reel. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the actuator element is disposed in an offset position with respect to the second axis of rotation and is arranged to be driven about the second axis of rotation with application of force to the actuator element by the support belt upon the weight of the load being applied to the support belt, and wherein the pawl is located to be driven into engagement with the ratchet wheel by the rotation of the actuator element about the second axis of rotation. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the device further comprises the support belt, and the support belt hangs from the reel and wraps about one side of the actuator for applying the force to the actuator element to drive the actuator element about the second axis of rotation. 10. The device according claim 8, further comprising a damping system for damping the engagement of the ratchet wheel by the at least one pawl, and wherein the damping system is configured to drive disengagement of the pawl from the ratchet wheel when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. 11. (canceled) 12. The device according to claim 10, wherein the damping system comprises a lever arm for being rotated in one direction about the second axis of rotation to a working position when the actuator element is driven about the second axis by the support belt, and the lever arm is biased against said rotation into its working position to thereby dampen the engagement of the ratchet wheel by the pawl. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the damping system further comprises a pair of permanent magnets for being moved relative to one another into a magnetically repelling relationship to bias the lever arm against rotation into its working position. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the one said magnet is disposed for being moved into the magnetically repelling relationship with the other one of the magnets with the rotation of the lever arm, the magnetic repulsion between the magnets being sufficient to drive the magnets apart to rotate the lever arm about the second axis of rotation in an opposite direction to release the pawl from engagement with the ratchet wheel upon the weight of the load being removed from the support belt. 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the one said magnet is mounted to the lever arm and the other one of the magnets is mounted in a fixed position. 16. (canceled) 17. The device according to claim 8, wherein the second axis is defined by a rotatably mounted ancillary shaft, and the pawl and the lever arm are fixedly mounted on the ancillary shaft. 18. The device according to claim 8, wherein the actuator element comprises a shaft member, and an end region of the at least one pawl is mounted to the shaft member for driving of the pawl about the second axis of rotation when with the shaft member is driven about the second axis of rotation. 19-21. (canceled) 22. The device according to claim 1, wherein the support belt includes a coupling component on a free end of the support belt for coupling of a load bearing element to the support belt. 23. The device according to claim 22, wherein the load bearing element is a hoist for facilitating raising and/or carrying of the load. 24. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is configured for being mounted on an overhead track for movement of the device along the track. 25. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises one or more rollers for mounting on an overhead track to permit rolling of the device along the track on the one or more rollers. 26. The device according to claim 25, wherein the device comprises at least one pair of opposed said rollers. 27. The device according to claim 1, wherein the load is a person. 28. A weight bearing device located overhead to support the weight of a load applied to the device in use, the device comprising:
a support belt for supporting the load; a reel for winding up or unwinding the support belt, the reel being rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a locking mechanism for locking the reel against rotation about the first axis of rotation and thereby unwinding of the support belt; and an actuator element for being driven about a second axis of rotation to drive the locking mechanism to lock the rotation of the reel when the weight of the load is applied to the support belt, and wherein the reel is released by the locking mechanism when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. 29-39. (canceled) 40. The device according to claim 28, wherein the device is mounted on an overhead track for permitting movement of the device along the track. 41-49. (canceled) 50. A method for raising and/or carrying a load, comprising: providing a weight bearing device, the device having a support belt for supporting the load; a reel for winding up or unwinding the support belt, the reel being rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a locking mechanism for locking the reel against rotation about the first axis of rotation and thereby unwinding of the support belt; and an actuator element for being driven about a second axis of rotation to drive the locking mechanism to lock the rotation of the reel when the weight of the load is applied to the support belt, and wherein the reel is released by the locking mechanism when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt; and
raising and/or lifting the load whilst using the device to support the weight of the load via the support belt of the device. 51. The method according to claim 50, wherein the load is a person | There is provided a weight bearing device for being located overhead to support the weight of a load applied to the device in use. Embodiments comprise a reel for winding up or unwinding a support belt for supporting the load, the reel being rotatable about a first axis of rotation. An actuator element is provided for being driven about a second axis of rotation to drive a locking mechanism to lock the reel against unwinding of the support belt when the weight of the load is applied to the support belt. The reel is released by the locking mechanism when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. Methods for use of the device are also provided.1. A weight bearing device for being located overhead to support the weight of a load applied to the device in use, the device comprising:
a reel for winding up or unwinding a support belt for supporting the load, the reel being rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a locking mechanism for locking the reel against rotation about the first axis of rotation and thereby unwinding of the support belt; and an actuator element for being driven about a second axis of rotation to drive the locking mechanism to lock the rotation of the reel when the weight of the load is applied to the support belt, and wherein the reel is released by the locking mechanism when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a pulley wheel for being rotated to drive rotation of the reel to wind up or unwind the support belt in the absence of the weight of the load being applied to the support belt; and a pulley belt passing about the pulley wheel and arranged for being pulled to drive the rotation of the pulley wheel. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the first axis of rotation is defined by a rotatably mounted main shaft, and wherein the reel and the pulley wheel are fixedly mounted on the main shaft. 4. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a damping system for damping the locking of the reel by the locking mechanism, and wherein the damping system is configured to drive disengagement of the locking mechanism to permit rotation of the reel for unwinding of the belt from the reel, when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. 5. (canceled) 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the actuator element is disposed in an offset position with respect to the second axis of rotation and is arranged to be driven about the second axis of rotation with application of force to the actuator element by the support belt upon the weight of the load being applied to the support belt. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism comprises:
at least one ratchet wheel arranged to rotate about the first axis of rotation with the rotation of the reel; and at least one pawl pivotable about the second axis of rotation into engagement with the ratchet wheel to lock the reel. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the actuator element is disposed in an offset position with respect to the second axis of rotation and is arranged to be driven about the second axis of rotation with application of force to the actuator element by the support belt upon the weight of the load being applied to the support belt, and wherein the pawl is located to be driven into engagement with the ratchet wheel by the rotation of the actuator element about the second axis of rotation. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the device further comprises the support belt, and the support belt hangs from the reel and wraps about one side of the actuator for applying the force to the actuator element to drive the actuator element about the second axis of rotation. 10. The device according claim 8, further comprising a damping system for damping the engagement of the ratchet wheel by the at least one pawl, and wherein the damping system is configured to drive disengagement of the pawl from the ratchet wheel when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. 11. (canceled) 12. The device according to claim 10, wherein the damping system comprises a lever arm for being rotated in one direction about the second axis of rotation to a working position when the actuator element is driven about the second axis by the support belt, and the lever arm is biased against said rotation into its working position to thereby dampen the engagement of the ratchet wheel by the pawl. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the damping system further comprises a pair of permanent magnets for being moved relative to one another into a magnetically repelling relationship to bias the lever arm against rotation into its working position. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the one said magnet is disposed for being moved into the magnetically repelling relationship with the other one of the magnets with the rotation of the lever arm, the magnetic repulsion between the magnets being sufficient to drive the magnets apart to rotate the lever arm about the second axis of rotation in an opposite direction to release the pawl from engagement with the ratchet wheel upon the weight of the load being removed from the support belt. 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the one said magnet is mounted to the lever arm and the other one of the magnets is mounted in a fixed position. 16. (canceled) 17. The device according to claim 8, wherein the second axis is defined by a rotatably mounted ancillary shaft, and the pawl and the lever arm are fixedly mounted on the ancillary shaft. 18. The device according to claim 8, wherein the actuator element comprises a shaft member, and an end region of the at least one pawl is mounted to the shaft member for driving of the pawl about the second axis of rotation when with the shaft member is driven about the second axis of rotation. 19-21. (canceled) 22. The device according to claim 1, wherein the support belt includes a coupling component on a free end of the support belt for coupling of a load bearing element to the support belt. 23. The device according to claim 22, wherein the load bearing element is a hoist for facilitating raising and/or carrying of the load. 24. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is configured for being mounted on an overhead track for movement of the device along the track. 25. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises one or more rollers for mounting on an overhead track to permit rolling of the device along the track on the one or more rollers. 26. The device according to claim 25, wherein the device comprises at least one pair of opposed said rollers. 27. The device according to claim 1, wherein the load is a person. 28. A weight bearing device located overhead to support the weight of a load applied to the device in use, the device comprising:
a support belt for supporting the load; a reel for winding up or unwinding the support belt, the reel being rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a locking mechanism for locking the reel against rotation about the first axis of rotation and thereby unwinding of the support belt; and an actuator element for being driven about a second axis of rotation to drive the locking mechanism to lock the rotation of the reel when the weight of the load is applied to the support belt, and wherein the reel is released by the locking mechanism when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt. 29-39. (canceled) 40. The device according to claim 28, wherein the device is mounted on an overhead track for permitting movement of the device along the track. 41-49. (canceled) 50. A method for raising and/or carrying a load, comprising: providing a weight bearing device, the device having a support belt for supporting the load; a reel for winding up or unwinding the support belt, the reel being rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a locking mechanism for locking the reel against rotation about the first axis of rotation and thereby unwinding of the support belt; and an actuator element for being driven about a second axis of rotation to drive the locking mechanism to lock the rotation of the reel when the weight of the load is applied to the support belt, and wherein the reel is released by the locking mechanism when the weight of the load is removed from the support belt; and
raising and/or lifting the load whilst using the device to support the weight of the load via the support belt of the device. 51. The method according to claim 50, wherein the load is a person | 1,700 |
349,307 | 350,181 | 16,757,976 | 1,766 | An electronic apparatus according to an embodiment includes an input receiver configured to receive a user input; a voice receiver configured to receive a voice command; a processor configured to control to, based on a user input corresponding to an execution of a certain function of the electronic apparatus being received instead of an utterance of a first voice command corresponding to the execution of the certain function, carry out the certain function and carry out a guide operation for the utterance of the first voice command. | 1. An electronic apparatus comprising:
an input receiver configured to receive a user input; a voice receiver configured to receive a voice command; a processor configured to control to, based on a user input corresponding to an execution of a certain function of the electronic apparatus being received instead of an utterance of a first voice command corresponding to the execution of the certain function, carry out the certain function and carry out a guide operation for the utterance of the first voice command. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to identify whether the guide operation is to be carried out based on at least one of a utterance history of the first voice command or a performance history of the guide operation. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the first voice command being not uttered after the performance of the guide operation, identify whether the guide operation is to be continuously carried out or terminated based on a number of times that the certain function has been carried out by the user input. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the first voice command being not uttered after the performance of the guide operation, identify whether the guide operation is to be continuously carried out or terminated based on a number of times that the guide operation has been carried out. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to initialize a number of times that the certain function has been carried out by the user input or a number of times that the guide operation has been carried out. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the certain function being carried out according to the utterance of the first voice command after the performance of the guide operation, identify whether the guide operation is to be carried out based on a time elapsed after the utterance of the first voice command. 7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to identify the utterance history of the first voice command or the performance history of the guide operation according to users. 8. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a communicator configured to communicate with a server,
wherein the processor is configured to, based on information received from the server, identify whether there is the utterance history of the first voice command or the performance history of the guide operation. 9. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a communicator configured to communicate with a server,
wherein the processor is configured to transmit information on the at least one of the utterance history of the first voice command or the performance history of the guide operation to the server. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a display,
Wherein the processor is configured to, based on the user input corresponding to the execution of the certain function being received, control the display to display an image of the certain function. 11. A computer program product comprising:
a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor, wherein when being executed by the processor, the instructions are configured to, based on a user input corresponding to an execution of a certain function of the electronic apparatus being received instead of an utterance of a first voice command corresponding to the execution of the certain function, carry out the certain function and carry out a guide operation for the utterance of the first voice command. 12. A control method of an electronic apparatus comprising:
receiving a user input corresponding to an execution of a certain function of the electronic apparatus instead of an utterance of a first voice command corresponding to the execution of the certain function; carrying out the certain function; and carrying out a guide operation for the utterance of the first voice command. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the carrying out the guide operation comprises identifying whether the guide operation is to be carried out based on at least one of a utterance history of the first voice command or a performance history of the guide operation. 14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
based on the first voice command being not uttered after the performance of the guide operation, identifying whether the guide operation is to be continuously carried out or terminated based on a number of times that the certain function has been carried out by the user input. 15. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
based on the first voice command being not uttered after the performance of the guide operation, identifying whether the guide operation is to be continuously carried out or terminated based on a number of times that the guide operation has been carried out. | An electronic apparatus according to an embodiment includes an input receiver configured to receive a user input; a voice receiver configured to receive a voice command; a processor configured to control to, based on a user input corresponding to an execution of a certain function of the electronic apparatus being received instead of an utterance of a first voice command corresponding to the execution of the certain function, carry out the certain function and carry out a guide operation for the utterance of the first voice command.1. An electronic apparatus comprising:
an input receiver configured to receive a user input; a voice receiver configured to receive a voice command; a processor configured to control to, based on a user input corresponding to an execution of a certain function of the electronic apparatus being received instead of an utterance of a first voice command corresponding to the execution of the certain function, carry out the certain function and carry out a guide operation for the utterance of the first voice command. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to identify whether the guide operation is to be carried out based on at least one of a utterance history of the first voice command or a performance history of the guide operation. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the first voice command being not uttered after the performance of the guide operation, identify whether the guide operation is to be continuously carried out or terminated based on a number of times that the certain function has been carried out by the user input. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the first voice command being not uttered after the performance of the guide operation, identify whether the guide operation is to be continuously carried out or terminated based on a number of times that the guide operation has been carried out. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to initialize a number of times that the certain function has been carried out by the user input or a number of times that the guide operation has been carried out. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the certain function being carried out according to the utterance of the first voice command after the performance of the guide operation, identify whether the guide operation is to be carried out based on a time elapsed after the utterance of the first voice command. 7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to identify the utterance history of the first voice command or the performance history of the guide operation according to users. 8. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a communicator configured to communicate with a server,
wherein the processor is configured to, based on information received from the server, identify whether there is the utterance history of the first voice command or the performance history of the guide operation. 9. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a communicator configured to communicate with a server,
wherein the processor is configured to transmit information on the at least one of the utterance history of the first voice command or the performance history of the guide operation to the server. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a display,
Wherein the processor is configured to, based on the user input corresponding to the execution of the certain function being received, control the display to display an image of the certain function. 11. A computer program product comprising:
a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor, wherein when being executed by the processor, the instructions are configured to, based on a user input corresponding to an execution of a certain function of the electronic apparatus being received instead of an utterance of a first voice command corresponding to the execution of the certain function, carry out the certain function and carry out a guide operation for the utterance of the first voice command. 12. A control method of an electronic apparatus comprising:
receiving a user input corresponding to an execution of a certain function of the electronic apparatus instead of an utterance of a first voice command corresponding to the execution of the certain function; carrying out the certain function; and carrying out a guide operation for the utterance of the first voice command. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the carrying out the guide operation comprises identifying whether the guide operation is to be carried out based on at least one of a utterance history of the first voice command or a performance history of the guide operation. 14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
based on the first voice command being not uttered after the performance of the guide operation, identifying whether the guide operation is to be continuously carried out or terminated based on a number of times that the certain function has been carried out by the user input. 15. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
based on the first voice command being not uttered after the performance of the guide operation, identifying whether the guide operation is to be continuously carried out or terminated based on a number of times that the guide operation has been carried out. | 1,700 |
349,308 | 350,182 | 16,757,968 | 1,766 | The present invention relates to an isolated polypeptide having beta-lactamase activity and nucleic acid sequences encoding the polypeptide. The isolated polypeptide of the invention is a VIM-2 variant with improved properties such as improved protease stability, stability in intestinal medium, improved activity against one or more antibiotics, improved specific activity and/or improved production in a host cell. | 1. A polypeptide having beta-lactamase activity, which comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, said polypeptide comprising:
a substitution at each of positions 10 and 22; a substitution at each of positions 10 and 34; a substitution at each of positions 10 and 130; a substitution at each of positions 10, 22 and 34; a substitution at each of positions 10, 22 and 130; a substitution at each of positions 10, 34 and 130; or a substitution at each of positions 10, 22, 34 and 130, 2. The polypeptide according to claim 1, which comprises at least one modification selected from the following:
V10A; Q22H or Q22N; Q34R; and E130D. 3. The polypeptide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the residue corresponding to the first residue of SEQ ID NO:1 is replaced with a methionine residue. 4. The polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a signal peptide at its N-terminal end. 5. The polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a truncation at its N-terminal or C-terminal end as compared to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1. 6. The polypeptide according to claim 5, which comprises:
a C-terminal truncation of residues 237-240 of SEQ ID NO:1; a C-terminal truncation of residues 236-240 of SEQ ID NO:1; or a C-terminal truncation of residues 235-240 of SEQ ID NO:1. 7. The polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:4 to 23 or a fragment thereof having beta-lactamase activity. 8. An isolated nucleic acid sequence comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. A nucleic acid construct comprising the nucleic acid sequence of claim 8, operably linked to one or more control sequences that direct the expression of the polypeptide in a suitable expression host. 10. A recombinant host cell, comprising the nucleic acid construct of claim 9. 11. A composition comprising the polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 7. 12. The composition of claim 11, which is orally administrable and is able to release the polypeptide in a desired part of the intestine, in particular in the jejunum, the ileum, the caecum or the colon. 13. A kit-of-parts comprising
(a) the polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 7 or the composition of any one of claims 11 to 12; and (b) a beta-lactam antibiotic which is sensitive to said polypeptide of (a) or contained in the composition of (a); for separate, sequential or simultaneous administration. 14. The polypeptide of claims 1 to 7, for use as a medicament. 15. The polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 7, the composition of any one of claims 11 to 12, the kit-of-parts of claim 13 or the recombinant host cell of claim 10, for use in a method for inactivating a beta-lactam antibiotic in a subject in need thereof. 16. The polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 7, the composition of any one of claims 11 to 12, the kit-of-parts of claim 13 or the host cell of claim 10, for use in a method for treating a bacterial infection wherein said polypeptide or said composition or said host cell is for use in combination with a beta-lactam antibiotic which is sensitive to said polypeptide. | The present invention relates to an isolated polypeptide having beta-lactamase activity and nucleic acid sequences encoding the polypeptide. The isolated polypeptide of the invention is a VIM-2 variant with improved properties such as improved protease stability, stability in intestinal medium, improved activity against one or more antibiotics, improved specific activity and/or improved production in a host cell.1. A polypeptide having beta-lactamase activity, which comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, said polypeptide comprising:
a substitution at each of positions 10 and 22; a substitution at each of positions 10 and 34; a substitution at each of positions 10 and 130; a substitution at each of positions 10, 22 and 34; a substitution at each of positions 10, 22 and 130; a substitution at each of positions 10, 34 and 130; or a substitution at each of positions 10, 22, 34 and 130, 2. The polypeptide according to claim 1, which comprises at least one modification selected from the following:
V10A; Q22H or Q22N; Q34R; and E130D. 3. The polypeptide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the residue corresponding to the first residue of SEQ ID NO:1 is replaced with a methionine residue. 4. The polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a signal peptide at its N-terminal end. 5. The polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a truncation at its N-terminal or C-terminal end as compared to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1. 6. The polypeptide according to claim 5, which comprises:
a C-terminal truncation of residues 237-240 of SEQ ID NO:1; a C-terminal truncation of residues 236-240 of SEQ ID NO:1; or a C-terminal truncation of residues 235-240 of SEQ ID NO:1. 7. The polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:4 to 23 or a fragment thereof having beta-lactamase activity. 8. An isolated nucleic acid sequence comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the polypeptide according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. A nucleic acid construct comprising the nucleic acid sequence of claim 8, operably linked to one or more control sequences that direct the expression of the polypeptide in a suitable expression host. 10. A recombinant host cell, comprising the nucleic acid construct of claim 9. 11. A composition comprising the polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 7. 12. The composition of claim 11, which is orally administrable and is able to release the polypeptide in a desired part of the intestine, in particular in the jejunum, the ileum, the caecum or the colon. 13. A kit-of-parts comprising
(a) the polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 7 or the composition of any one of claims 11 to 12; and (b) a beta-lactam antibiotic which is sensitive to said polypeptide of (a) or contained in the composition of (a); for separate, sequential or simultaneous administration. 14. The polypeptide of claims 1 to 7, for use as a medicament. 15. The polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 7, the composition of any one of claims 11 to 12, the kit-of-parts of claim 13 or the recombinant host cell of claim 10, for use in a method for inactivating a beta-lactam antibiotic in a subject in need thereof. 16. The polypeptide of any one of claims 1 to 7, the composition of any one of claims 11 to 12, the kit-of-parts of claim 13 or the host cell of claim 10, for use in a method for treating a bacterial infection wherein said polypeptide or said composition or said host cell is for use in combination with a beta-lactam antibiotic which is sensitive to said polypeptide. | 1,700 |
349,309 | 350,183 | 16,757,956 | 1,766 | An annular bracket for the external tensioning of a tower segment, in particular a tower segment of a wind power plant, to an external tensioning system of a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power plant, to a tower section of a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power plant, to a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power plant, to a wind power plant, and to an assembly method of an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, preferably for a hybrid tower of a wind power plant. An annular bracket for the external tensioning of a tower segment, in particular a tower segment of a wind power plant, with a connector element for the connection of a tensioning element, a bearing element for the transmission of a tensioning force to a tower segment, and an annular force transmission element for the transmission of the tensioning force between the connector element and the bearing element, the bearing element being at a greater spacing in the radial direction from a longitudinal axis of the annular bracket than the connector element, is described. | 1. An annular bracket for the external tensioning of a tower segment, comprising:
a connector element for connecting a tensioning element; a bearing element for transmitting a tensioning force to a tower segment; and an annular force transmission element for transmitting the tensioning force between the connector element and the bearing element, wherein the bearing element is at a greater spacing, in a radial direction, from a longitudinal axis of the annular bracket than the connector element. 2. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein a spacing of the connector element from the longitudinal axis in the radial direction is less than or equal to an internal radius of a tower segment. 3. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein a spacing of the bearing element from the longitudinal axis in the radial direction is less than or equal to an external radius of a tower segment or is greater than an internal radius of the tower segment. 4. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular force transmission element has an upper belt and a lower belt. 5. The annular bracket as claimed in in claim 1, wherein the annular force transmission element has an inner web and an outer web. 6. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inner web has a through opening for receiving the tensioning element, the outer web has a through opening for receiving the tensioning element, and
wherein the annular force transmission element has an upper belt having a through opening for receiving the tensioning element, and a lower belt having a through opening for receiving the tensioning element. 7. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular force transmission element comprises a bracket thrust latch arrangement for engaging into an upper and a lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement. 8. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the force transmission element is of an integral configuration or has a plurality of bracket segments. 9. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of bracket segments have a connecting arrangement for connecting the plurality of bracket segments among one another on at least one end side in a circumferential direction. 10. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular bracket comprises one or more materials among: steel, cast iron, and concrete. 11. An external tensioning system of a hybrid tower, comprising:
the annular bracket as claimed in claim 1; and a tensioning element having a connector head at a first end for transmitting a tensioning force to the connector element, and a brace at a second end for transmitting the tensioning force to a lower tower segment. 12. A tower section of a hybrid tower, comprising:
an upper tower segment with a radially inwardly directed shoulder; the annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular bracket forms part of an external tensioning system, wherein the annular bracket is arranged on the radially inwardly directed shoulder in an interior portion of the upper tower segment; a lower tower segment arranged below the upper tower segment; and a tensioning element arranged using a brace of the external tensioning system, the tensioning element being configured for bracing the tower section. 13. A hybrid tower, comprising the tower section as claimed in claim 12. 14. A wind power plant, comprising the hybrid tower as claimed in claim 11. 15. A method of assembling an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, comprising:
arranging an annular bracket with a bearing element of the external tensioning system on a shoulder in an interior of an upper tower segment; fastening the annular bracket with the bearing element of the external tensioning system on the shoulder in the interior of the upper tower segment; arranging a tensioning element with a connector head of the external tensioning system on a connector element of the annular bracket; fastening the tensioning element with the connector head of the external tensioning system to the connector element of the annular bracket; arranging the tensioning element by a brace of the external tensioning system on a lower tower segment; and fastening the tensioning element by the brace of the external tensioning system on the lower tower segment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the hybrid tower is a wind power plant. 17. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tower segment is a tower segment of a wind power plant. | An annular bracket for the external tensioning of a tower segment, in particular a tower segment of a wind power plant, to an external tensioning system of a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power plant, to a tower section of a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power plant, to a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power plant, to a wind power plant, and to an assembly method of an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, preferably for a hybrid tower of a wind power plant. An annular bracket for the external tensioning of a tower segment, in particular a tower segment of a wind power plant, with a connector element for the connection of a tensioning element, a bearing element for the transmission of a tensioning force to a tower segment, and an annular force transmission element for the transmission of the tensioning force between the connector element and the bearing element, the bearing element being at a greater spacing in the radial direction from a longitudinal axis of the annular bracket than the connector element, is described.1. An annular bracket for the external tensioning of a tower segment, comprising:
a connector element for connecting a tensioning element; a bearing element for transmitting a tensioning force to a tower segment; and an annular force transmission element for transmitting the tensioning force between the connector element and the bearing element, wherein the bearing element is at a greater spacing, in a radial direction, from a longitudinal axis of the annular bracket than the connector element. 2. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein a spacing of the connector element from the longitudinal axis in the radial direction is less than or equal to an internal radius of a tower segment. 3. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein a spacing of the bearing element from the longitudinal axis in the radial direction is less than or equal to an external radius of a tower segment or is greater than an internal radius of the tower segment. 4. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular force transmission element has an upper belt and a lower belt. 5. The annular bracket as claimed in in claim 1, wherein the annular force transmission element has an inner web and an outer web. 6. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 5, wherein the inner web has a through opening for receiving the tensioning element, the outer web has a through opening for receiving the tensioning element, and
wherein the annular force transmission element has an upper belt having a through opening for receiving the tensioning element, and a lower belt having a through opening for receiving the tensioning element. 7. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular force transmission element comprises a bracket thrust latch arrangement for engaging into an upper and a lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement. 8. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the force transmission element is of an integral configuration or has a plurality of bracket segments. 9. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of bracket segments have a connecting arrangement for connecting the plurality of bracket segments among one another on at least one end side in a circumferential direction. 10. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular bracket comprises one or more materials among: steel, cast iron, and concrete. 11. An external tensioning system of a hybrid tower, comprising:
the annular bracket as claimed in claim 1; and a tensioning element having a connector head at a first end for transmitting a tensioning force to the connector element, and a brace at a second end for transmitting the tensioning force to a lower tower segment. 12. A tower section of a hybrid tower, comprising:
an upper tower segment with a radially inwardly directed shoulder; the annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular bracket forms part of an external tensioning system, wherein the annular bracket is arranged on the radially inwardly directed shoulder in an interior portion of the upper tower segment; a lower tower segment arranged below the upper tower segment; and a tensioning element arranged using a brace of the external tensioning system, the tensioning element being configured for bracing the tower section. 13. A hybrid tower, comprising the tower section as claimed in claim 12. 14. A wind power plant, comprising the hybrid tower as claimed in claim 11. 15. A method of assembling an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, comprising:
arranging an annular bracket with a bearing element of the external tensioning system on a shoulder in an interior of an upper tower segment; fastening the annular bracket with the bearing element of the external tensioning system on the shoulder in the interior of the upper tower segment; arranging a tensioning element with a connector head of the external tensioning system on a connector element of the annular bracket; fastening the tensioning element with the connector head of the external tensioning system to the connector element of the annular bracket; arranging the tensioning element by a brace of the external tensioning system on a lower tower segment; and fastening the tensioning element by the brace of the external tensioning system on the lower tower segment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the hybrid tower is a wind power plant. 17. The annular bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tower segment is a tower segment of a wind power plant. | 1,700 |
349,310 | 350,184 | 16,757,987 | 1,766 | Provided are a headgear stand and a headgear cleaner that is small-sized and has low power consumption, and that is capable of sterilizing and deodorizing headgear made of any material. A headgear cleaner 1-1 is provided with an ozone generator 2 and a voltage supply part 5. The ozone generator 2 is constituted from an ozone generator body 3-1 and a connecting part 4. The ozone generator body 3-1 forms a shape in which twelve leaf parts extend radially. The voltage supply part 5 supplies a voltage necessary for generating ozone to the ozone generator 2. | 1. (canceled) 2. A headgear cleaner comprising: an approximately semispherical hull-shaped ozone generator formed of flexible material and capable of receiving headgear such as a helmet thereon; and a voltage supply part for supplying a voltage required to generate ozone to the ozone generator, wherein
the ozone generator has a dielectric and one or more pairs of electrodes, at least one electrode of each pair of electrodes is covered with the dielectric, and the voltage supply part is arranged to supply a voltage required to generate ozone to the one or more pairs of electrodes of the ozone generator, and wherein the ozone generator comprises: multiple leaf parts extending radially from a top portion and curved downward to have an approximately semispherical hull shape as a whole; and a connecting part that is connected to lower end portions of the multiple circularly arranged leaf parts to keep the overall shape of the multiple leaf parts in the approximately semispherical hull shape. 3. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
the ozone generator can be developed, by detaching the connecting part, into a planar shape in which the multiple leaf parts extend radially from a central portion that corresponds to the top portion. 4. A headgear cleaner comprising: an approximately semispherical hull-shaped ozone generator formed of flexible material and capable of receiving headgear such as a helmet thereon; and a voltage supply part for supplying a voltage required to generate ozone to the ozone generator, wherein
the ozone generator has a dielectric and one or more pairs of electrodes, at least one electrode of each pair of electrodes is covered with the dielectric, and the voltage supply part is arranged to supply a voltage required to generate ozone to the one or more pairs of electrodes of the ozone generator, and wherein the ozone generator comprises: multiple leaf parts having multiple circularly connected lower end portions and curved upward to have an approximately semispherical hull shape as a whole; and a connecting part that connects all upper end portions of the multiple leaf parts at a top portion and connects specific adjacent ones of the leaf parts to keep the overall shape of the multiple leaf parts in the approximately semispherical hull shape. 5. The headgear cleaner according to claim 4, wherein
the ozone generator can be developed, by detaching the connecting part, into a planar shape in which the multiple leaf parts are arranged laterally with the multiple lower end portions connected. 6. A headgear cleaner comprising: an approximately semispherical hull-shaped ozone generator formed of flexible material and capable of receiving headgear such as a helmet thereon; and a voltage supply part for supplying a voltage required to generate ozone to the ozone generator, wherein
the ozone generator has a dielectric and one or more pairs of electrodes, at least one electrode of each pair of electrodes is covered with the dielectric, and the voltage supply part is arranged to supply a voltage required to generate ozone to the one or more pairs of electrodes of the ozone generator, and wherein the ozone generator comprises multiple annular parts and a connecting part connecting the annular parts, the annular parts are each set to have a lower opening portion with a size greater than that of an upper opening portion, the lower opening portion of an upper one of the annular parts is set to have a size approximately equal to that of the upper opening portion of a lower one of the annular parts that is connected to the upper annular part, the multiple annular parts are disposed in series downward from a top portion with the lower opening portion of the upper annular part fitted on the upper opening portion of the lower annular part, and the connecting part connects the upper annular part and the lower annular part in a manner movable up and down. 7. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
the dielectric of the ozone generator is formed of polymeric resin having a permittivity equal to or higher than 3 and a dielectric breakdown voltage equal to or higher than 15 kV/mm. 8. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
a spacer is provided on the surface of the ozone generator for keeping the distance between the surface of the ozone generator and the inner surface of the headgear equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 9. The headgear cleaner according to claim 8, wherein
the spacer is a protrusion provided in a manner protruding from the surface of the ozone generator and having a height equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 10. The headgear cleaner according to claim 8, wherein
the spacer is a linear object attached to the surface of the ozone generator and having a height equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 11. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
the pair of electrodes of the ozone generator are each formed in a comb shape and comb teeth of each of the pair of electrodes are engaged with each other at regular intervals. 12. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
one electrode of each pair of electrodes of the ozone generator is housed in the dielectric, while the other electrode, having a number of holes or a comb shape, is disposed on the dielectric facing the one electrode. 13. (canceled) 14. A headgear cleaner comprising: an approximately semispherical hull-shaped ozone generator formed of flexible material and capable of receiving headgear such as a helmet thereon; and a voltage supply part for supplying a voltage required to generate ozone to the ozone generator, wherein
the ozone generator has a dielectric and one or more pairs of electrodes, at least one electrode of each pair of electrodes is covered with the dielectric, and the voltage supply part is arranged to supply a voltage required to generate ozone to the one or more pairs of electrodes of the ozone generator, and wherein a spacer is provided on the surface of the ozone generator for keeping the distance between the surface of the ozone generator and the inner surface of the headgear equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 15. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
the spacer is a protrusion provided in a manner protruding from the surface of the ozone generator and having a height equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 16. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
the spacer is a linear object attached to the surface of the ozone generator and having a height equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 17. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
the pair of electrodes of the ozone generator are each formed in a comb shape and comb teeth of each of the pair of electrodes are engaged with each other at regular intervals. 18. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
one electrode of each pair of electrodes of the ozone generator is housed in the dielectric, while the other electrode, having a number of holes or a comb shape, is disposed on the dielectric facing the one electrode. 19. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
the dielectric of the ozone generator is formed of polymeric resin having a permittivity equal to or higher than 3 and a dielectric breakdown voltage equal to or higher than 15 kV/mm. | Provided are a headgear stand and a headgear cleaner that is small-sized and has low power consumption, and that is capable of sterilizing and deodorizing headgear made of any material. A headgear cleaner 1-1 is provided with an ozone generator 2 and a voltage supply part 5. The ozone generator 2 is constituted from an ozone generator body 3-1 and a connecting part 4. The ozone generator body 3-1 forms a shape in which twelve leaf parts extend radially. The voltage supply part 5 supplies a voltage necessary for generating ozone to the ozone generator 2.1. (canceled) 2. A headgear cleaner comprising: an approximately semispherical hull-shaped ozone generator formed of flexible material and capable of receiving headgear such as a helmet thereon; and a voltage supply part for supplying a voltage required to generate ozone to the ozone generator, wherein
the ozone generator has a dielectric and one or more pairs of electrodes, at least one electrode of each pair of electrodes is covered with the dielectric, and the voltage supply part is arranged to supply a voltage required to generate ozone to the one or more pairs of electrodes of the ozone generator, and wherein the ozone generator comprises: multiple leaf parts extending radially from a top portion and curved downward to have an approximately semispherical hull shape as a whole; and a connecting part that is connected to lower end portions of the multiple circularly arranged leaf parts to keep the overall shape of the multiple leaf parts in the approximately semispherical hull shape. 3. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
the ozone generator can be developed, by detaching the connecting part, into a planar shape in which the multiple leaf parts extend radially from a central portion that corresponds to the top portion. 4. A headgear cleaner comprising: an approximately semispherical hull-shaped ozone generator formed of flexible material and capable of receiving headgear such as a helmet thereon; and a voltage supply part for supplying a voltage required to generate ozone to the ozone generator, wherein
the ozone generator has a dielectric and one or more pairs of electrodes, at least one electrode of each pair of electrodes is covered with the dielectric, and the voltage supply part is arranged to supply a voltage required to generate ozone to the one or more pairs of electrodes of the ozone generator, and wherein the ozone generator comprises: multiple leaf parts having multiple circularly connected lower end portions and curved upward to have an approximately semispherical hull shape as a whole; and a connecting part that connects all upper end portions of the multiple leaf parts at a top portion and connects specific adjacent ones of the leaf parts to keep the overall shape of the multiple leaf parts in the approximately semispherical hull shape. 5. The headgear cleaner according to claim 4, wherein
the ozone generator can be developed, by detaching the connecting part, into a planar shape in which the multiple leaf parts are arranged laterally with the multiple lower end portions connected. 6. A headgear cleaner comprising: an approximately semispherical hull-shaped ozone generator formed of flexible material and capable of receiving headgear such as a helmet thereon; and a voltage supply part for supplying a voltage required to generate ozone to the ozone generator, wherein
the ozone generator has a dielectric and one or more pairs of electrodes, at least one electrode of each pair of electrodes is covered with the dielectric, and the voltage supply part is arranged to supply a voltage required to generate ozone to the one or more pairs of electrodes of the ozone generator, and wherein the ozone generator comprises multiple annular parts and a connecting part connecting the annular parts, the annular parts are each set to have a lower opening portion with a size greater than that of an upper opening portion, the lower opening portion of an upper one of the annular parts is set to have a size approximately equal to that of the upper opening portion of a lower one of the annular parts that is connected to the upper annular part, the multiple annular parts are disposed in series downward from a top portion with the lower opening portion of the upper annular part fitted on the upper opening portion of the lower annular part, and the connecting part connects the upper annular part and the lower annular part in a manner movable up and down. 7. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
the dielectric of the ozone generator is formed of polymeric resin having a permittivity equal to or higher than 3 and a dielectric breakdown voltage equal to or higher than 15 kV/mm. 8. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
a spacer is provided on the surface of the ozone generator for keeping the distance between the surface of the ozone generator and the inner surface of the headgear equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 9. The headgear cleaner according to claim 8, wherein
the spacer is a protrusion provided in a manner protruding from the surface of the ozone generator and having a height equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 10. The headgear cleaner according to claim 8, wherein
the spacer is a linear object attached to the surface of the ozone generator and having a height equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 11. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
the pair of electrodes of the ozone generator are each formed in a comb shape and comb teeth of each of the pair of electrodes are engaged with each other at regular intervals. 12. The headgear cleaner according to claim 2, wherein
one electrode of each pair of electrodes of the ozone generator is housed in the dielectric, while the other electrode, having a number of holes or a comb shape, is disposed on the dielectric facing the one electrode. 13. (canceled) 14. A headgear cleaner comprising: an approximately semispherical hull-shaped ozone generator formed of flexible material and capable of receiving headgear such as a helmet thereon; and a voltage supply part for supplying a voltage required to generate ozone to the ozone generator, wherein
the ozone generator has a dielectric and one or more pairs of electrodes, at least one electrode of each pair of electrodes is covered with the dielectric, and the voltage supply part is arranged to supply a voltage required to generate ozone to the one or more pairs of electrodes of the ozone generator, and wherein a spacer is provided on the surface of the ozone generator for keeping the distance between the surface of the ozone generator and the inner surface of the headgear equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 15. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
the spacer is a protrusion provided in a manner protruding from the surface of the ozone generator and having a height equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 16. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
the spacer is a linear object attached to the surface of the ozone generator and having a height equal to or smaller than 10 mm. 17. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
the pair of electrodes of the ozone generator are each formed in a comb shape and comb teeth of each of the pair of electrodes are engaged with each other at regular intervals. 18. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
one electrode of each pair of electrodes of the ozone generator is housed in the dielectric, while the other electrode, having a number of holes or a comb shape, is disposed on the dielectric facing the one electrode. 19. The headgear cleaner according to claim 14, wherein
the dielectric of the ozone generator is formed of polymeric resin having a permittivity equal to or higher than 3 and a dielectric breakdown voltage equal to or higher than 15 kV/mm. | 1,700 |
349,311 | 350,185 | 16,757,984 | 1,766 | A thermal sensor module, comprising: a housing, wherein the housing comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the housing is hollow and configured to allow a fluid to flow into the housing through the first end and exit through the second end; a heat source, wherein the heat source is disposed at a central axis of the housing and traverses at least partially through the housing; and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned in the housing to measure temperature of the fluid flowing in the housing. | 1. A thermal sensor module, comprising:
a housing, wherein the housing comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the housing is hollow and configured to allow a fluid to flow into the housing through the first end and exit through the second end; a heat source, wherein the heat source is disposed at a central axis of the housing and traverses at least partially through the housing; and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned in the housing to measure temperature of the heat source. 2. The thermal sensor module of claim 1, wherein the heat source is selected from a group consisting of a heat pump, heating tape, heating wiring, resistance based, microwave-based, laser flashing or radiant heat based, coiled induction heat based, a heat exchange mechanism, and a combination thereof. 3. The thermal sensor module of claim 1, wherein the heat source comprises:
an optical fiber; a conductive cable, wherein the optical fiber is disposed within the conductive cable; and an insulating layer, wherein the conductive cable is disposed within the insulating layer. 4. The thermal sensor module of claim 3, wherein the conductive cable comprises graphite fibers, epoxy, or combinations thereof. 5. The thermal sensor module of claim 4, wherein the conductive cable further comprises copper wires, heating wires, thermocouples, or combinations thereof. 6. The thermal sensor module of claim 3, wherein the insulating layer comprises a material selected from a group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, ceramics, glass, and combinations thereof. 7. The thermal sensor module of claim 3, wherein the insulating layer is a uniform layer of polyether ether ketone. 8. The thermal sensor module of claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of temperature sensors within the thermal sensor module, wherein at least one of the plurality of temperature sensors is disposed on the housing, wherein remaining temperature sensors of the plurality of temperature sensors are disposed within the heat source. 9. The thermal sensor module of claim 8, wherein the temperature sensors disposed within the heat source are Fiber Bragg Gratings, wherein the Fiber Bragg Gratings are disposed within the optical fiber. 10. The thermal sensor module of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is an optical fiber interrogated using optical frequency-domain reflectometry. 11. A method for determining a thermophysical property of a fluid, comprising:
disposing a sensor package downhole into a wellbore with a conveyance; receiving a sample of the fluid with a thermal sensor module disposed within the sensor package; applying heat to the sample of the fluid with a heat source disposed within a housing of the thermal sensor module; measuring the temperature of the heat source with a temperature sensor disposed on or within the heat source; and determining a thermal conductivity of the sample of the fluid. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving the sample of the fluid comprises of pumping the sample of the fluid through the thermal sensor module to model a flowing fluid. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving the sample of the fluid comprises of containing the sample of the fluid within the thermal sensor module to model a static fluid. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising of measuring a temperature of the sample of the fluid with at least one temperature sensor. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one temperature sensor is disposed within the heat source. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the heat source comprises an optical fiber disposed within a conductive cable, wherein the conductive cable is disposed within an insulating layer, wherein the at least one temperature sensor is a Fiber Bragg Grafting disposed within the optical fiber. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the insulating layer is a uniform layer of polyether ether ketone. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein applying heat to the sample of the fluid comprises of applying a current in a pulsed mode. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising of determining a specific heat capacity of the sample of the fluid with the thermal conductivity. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the temperature sensor is a fiber optic cable. | A thermal sensor module, comprising: a housing, wherein the housing comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the housing is hollow and configured to allow a fluid to flow into the housing through the first end and exit through the second end; a heat source, wherein the heat source is disposed at a central axis of the housing and traverses at least partially through the housing; and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned in the housing to measure temperature of the fluid flowing in the housing.1. A thermal sensor module, comprising:
a housing, wherein the housing comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the housing is hollow and configured to allow a fluid to flow into the housing through the first end and exit through the second end; a heat source, wherein the heat source is disposed at a central axis of the housing and traverses at least partially through the housing; and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned in the housing to measure temperature of the heat source. 2. The thermal sensor module of claim 1, wherein the heat source is selected from a group consisting of a heat pump, heating tape, heating wiring, resistance based, microwave-based, laser flashing or radiant heat based, coiled induction heat based, a heat exchange mechanism, and a combination thereof. 3. The thermal sensor module of claim 1, wherein the heat source comprises:
an optical fiber; a conductive cable, wherein the optical fiber is disposed within the conductive cable; and an insulating layer, wherein the conductive cable is disposed within the insulating layer. 4. The thermal sensor module of claim 3, wherein the conductive cable comprises graphite fibers, epoxy, or combinations thereof. 5. The thermal sensor module of claim 4, wherein the conductive cable further comprises copper wires, heating wires, thermocouples, or combinations thereof. 6. The thermal sensor module of claim 3, wherein the insulating layer comprises a material selected from a group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, ceramics, glass, and combinations thereof. 7. The thermal sensor module of claim 3, wherein the insulating layer is a uniform layer of polyether ether ketone. 8. The thermal sensor module of claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of temperature sensors within the thermal sensor module, wherein at least one of the plurality of temperature sensors is disposed on the housing, wherein remaining temperature sensors of the plurality of temperature sensors are disposed within the heat source. 9. The thermal sensor module of claim 8, wherein the temperature sensors disposed within the heat source are Fiber Bragg Gratings, wherein the Fiber Bragg Gratings are disposed within the optical fiber. 10. The thermal sensor module of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is an optical fiber interrogated using optical frequency-domain reflectometry. 11. A method for determining a thermophysical property of a fluid, comprising:
disposing a sensor package downhole into a wellbore with a conveyance; receiving a sample of the fluid with a thermal sensor module disposed within the sensor package; applying heat to the sample of the fluid with a heat source disposed within a housing of the thermal sensor module; measuring the temperature of the heat source with a temperature sensor disposed on or within the heat source; and determining a thermal conductivity of the sample of the fluid. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving the sample of the fluid comprises of pumping the sample of the fluid through the thermal sensor module to model a flowing fluid. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving the sample of the fluid comprises of containing the sample of the fluid within the thermal sensor module to model a static fluid. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising of measuring a temperature of the sample of the fluid with at least one temperature sensor. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one temperature sensor is disposed within the heat source. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the heat source comprises an optical fiber disposed within a conductive cable, wherein the conductive cable is disposed within an insulating layer, wherein the at least one temperature sensor is a Fiber Bragg Grafting disposed within the optical fiber. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the insulating layer is a uniform layer of polyether ether ketone. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein applying heat to the sample of the fluid comprises of applying a current in a pulsed mode. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising of determining a specific heat capacity of the sample of the fluid with the thermal conductivity. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the temperature sensor is a fiber optic cable. | 1,700 |
349,312 | 350,186 | 16,757,967 | 1,766 | A process for preparation of a porous carbon material using an improved amphiphilic species. Also disclosed are a porous carbon material, devices comprising the porous carbon material and use of an amphiphilic compound for the preparation of a porous carbon material. The process for preparing a porous carbon material comprises the process steps: (a) providing a carbon source comprising a first carbon source compound; (b) providing an amphiphilic species comprising a first amphiphilic compound, the first amphiphilic compound comprising two or more adjacent ethylene oxide-based repeating units; (c) contacting the carbon source and the amphiphilic species to obtain a precursor; and (d) heating the precursor to obtain the porous carbon material. | 1. A process for preparing a porous carbon material comprising the process steps:
a. providing a carbon source comprising a first carbon source compound; b. providing an amphiphilic species comprising a first amphiphilic compound, the first amphiphilic compound comprising two Or more adjacent ethylene oxide based repeating units; c. contacting the carbon source and the amphiphilic species to obtain a precursor; and d. heating the precursor to obtain the porous carbon material. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first amphiphilic compound comprises more than 10 wt. % of ethylene oxide based repeating units, based on the total weight of the first amphiphilic compound. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first amphiphilic compound. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first amphiphilic compound comprises a further repeating unit. 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the further repeating unit is based on one selected from the group consisting of: propylene oxide, butylene oxide, ethylene, propylene and butylene. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first carbon source compound comprises a ring. 7. The process according to claim 6, wherein the first carbon source compound comprises an aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl groups connected thereto. 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first carbon source compound is a novolac resin. 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the amount by weight of carbon source to the amount by weight of the amphiphilic species is in the range from 1:10 to 10:1. 10. The process according to claim 1, wherein heating step d. is started within 1 hour of the contacting step c. 11. The process according to claim 1, wherein the heating step d. is performed at a temperature in the range from 700 to 3000° C. 12. A porous carbon material obtained by process of claim 1. 13. A porous carbon material having a pore diameter distribution with a mode in the range from 50 to 280 nm. 14. A porous carbon material having at least one of the following features:
a. A total pore volume in the range from 0.4 to 2.8 cm3/g for pores having a diameter in the range from 10 nm to 10000 nm; b. A BETTOTAL in the range from 10 to 1,000 m2/g; c. A BETMICRO in the range from 0 to 650 m2/g; d. A skeletal density in the range from 1.9 to 2.1 g/cm3; and e. A d50 for primary particle diameter in the range from 300 nm to 100 μm. 15. A device comprising the porous carbon material according to claim 12. 16. A process of using an amphiphilic compound for the preparation of a porous carbon material, wherein the amphiphilic compound comprises two or more adjacent ethylene oxide based repealing units. 17. A process of using the porous carbon material according to claim 12, for improving the properties of an electrical device. 18. The process according to claim 1, wherein the precursor does not comprise more than 1 part by weight, based on 100 parts of carbon source, of a cross-linking agent. 19. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first amphiphilic compound has a molecular weight of more than 300 Daltons. 20. The process according to claim 19, wherein the first amphiphilic compound comprises more than 200 Daltons of ethylene oxide based repeating units. | A process for preparation of a porous carbon material using an improved amphiphilic species. Also disclosed are a porous carbon material, devices comprising the porous carbon material and use of an amphiphilic compound for the preparation of a porous carbon material. The process for preparing a porous carbon material comprises the process steps: (a) providing a carbon source comprising a first carbon source compound; (b) providing an amphiphilic species comprising a first amphiphilic compound, the first amphiphilic compound comprising two or more adjacent ethylene oxide-based repeating units; (c) contacting the carbon source and the amphiphilic species to obtain a precursor; and (d) heating the precursor to obtain the porous carbon material.1. A process for preparing a porous carbon material comprising the process steps:
a. providing a carbon source comprising a first carbon source compound; b. providing an amphiphilic species comprising a first amphiphilic compound, the first amphiphilic compound comprising two Or more adjacent ethylene oxide based repeating units; c. contacting the carbon source and the amphiphilic species to obtain a precursor; and d. heating the precursor to obtain the porous carbon material. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first amphiphilic compound comprises more than 10 wt. % of ethylene oxide based repeating units, based on the total weight of the first amphiphilic compound. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first amphiphilic compound. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first amphiphilic compound comprises a further repeating unit. 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the further repeating unit is based on one selected from the group consisting of: propylene oxide, butylene oxide, ethylene, propylene and butylene. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first carbon source compound comprises a ring. 7. The process according to claim 6, wherein the first carbon source compound comprises an aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl groups connected thereto. 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first carbon source compound is a novolac resin. 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the amount by weight of carbon source to the amount by weight of the amphiphilic species is in the range from 1:10 to 10:1. 10. The process according to claim 1, wherein heating step d. is started within 1 hour of the contacting step c. 11. The process according to claim 1, wherein the heating step d. is performed at a temperature in the range from 700 to 3000° C. 12. A porous carbon material obtained by process of claim 1. 13. A porous carbon material having a pore diameter distribution with a mode in the range from 50 to 280 nm. 14. A porous carbon material having at least one of the following features:
a. A total pore volume in the range from 0.4 to 2.8 cm3/g for pores having a diameter in the range from 10 nm to 10000 nm; b. A BETTOTAL in the range from 10 to 1,000 m2/g; c. A BETMICRO in the range from 0 to 650 m2/g; d. A skeletal density in the range from 1.9 to 2.1 g/cm3; and e. A d50 for primary particle diameter in the range from 300 nm to 100 μm. 15. A device comprising the porous carbon material according to claim 12. 16. A process of using an amphiphilic compound for the preparation of a porous carbon material, wherein the amphiphilic compound comprises two or more adjacent ethylene oxide based repealing units. 17. A process of using the porous carbon material according to claim 12, for improving the properties of an electrical device. 18. The process according to claim 1, wherein the precursor does not comprise more than 1 part by weight, based on 100 parts of carbon source, of a cross-linking agent. 19. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first amphiphilic compound has a molecular weight of more than 300 Daltons. 20. The process according to claim 19, wherein the first amphiphilic compound comprises more than 200 Daltons of ethylene oxide based repeating units. | 1,700 |
349,313 | 350,187 | 16,757,974 | 1,766 | [Problem] A technology capable of reducing feeling of wrongness in display of a virtual object, while suppressing recognizability of the virtual object from degrading, is awaited. [Solution] Provided is an information processing device that includes: a position acquisition section that acquires a position of a virtual object in a real space, having been determined on the basis of a recognition result of a real space corresponding to an image captured by an imaging device; and a display control section that controls display of at least a boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object, and a feature of a real object that resides in the real space and is away from the position of the virtual object. | 1. An information processing device comprising:
a position acquisition section that acquires a position of a virtual object in a real space, having been determined on the basis of a recognition result of the real space corresponding to an image captured by an imaging device; and a display control section that controls display of at least a boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object, and a feature of a real object that resides in the real space and is away from the position of the virtual object. 2. The information processing device of claim 1,
wherein, in a case where the virtual object and the real object are in a first positional relation, the display control section displays at least the boundary of the virtual object differently from a case where the virtual object and the real object are in a second positional relation which is different from the first positional relation. 3. The information processing device of claim 2,
wherein, in a case where the positional relation between the virtual object and the real object changes from the first positional relation to the second positional relation, in response to a motion of a field of view of a user to whom the virtual object is presented, the display control section modifies the display of at least the boundary of the virtual object. 4. The information processing device of claim 1,
wherein the display control section calculates a predicted strength of a feeling of delay in display of the virtual object, on the basis of the feature of the real object, and controls the display of at least the boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object and the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display. 5. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section brings the position of the virtual object away from the real object. 6. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section modifies a shape of the virtual object. 7. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section gives a motion to the virtual object, or, enhances the motion of the virtual object. 8. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section modifies at least either color or luminance of the virtual object closer to at least either color or luminance of the real object. 9. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section reduces recognizability of the boundary of the virtual object. 10. The information processing device of claim 1,
wherein the feature of the real object contains at least either shape or motion of the real object. 11. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display, on the basis of the feature of the real object and the feature of the virtual object. 12. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the real object contains a position of a straight line that composes the real object, the feature of the virtual object contains a position of the virtual object, and the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display more largely, as the position of the virtual object and the position of the straight line that composes the real object become closer. 13. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the real object contains a direction of a straight line that composes the real object, the feature of the virtual object contains a direction of the a straight line that composes the virtual object, and the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display more largely, as an angle between the direction of the straight line that composes the virtual object and the direction of the straight line that composes the real object becomes smaller. 14. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the virtual object contains at least either shape or motion of the virtual object. 15. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the real object contains a color of the real object, the feature of the virtual object contains a color of the virtual object, and the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display more largely, as the color of the real object and the color of the virtual object become less similar. 16. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the real object contains luminance of the real object, the feature of the virtual object contains luminance of the virtual object, and the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display more largely, as a difference between the luminance of the real object and the luminance of the virtual object becomes larger. 17. The information processing device of claim 1,
wherein the display control section controls display of at least the boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of a motion of a virtual camera calculated from a recognition result of the real space. 18. The information processing device of claim 17,
wherein in a case where the motion of the virtual camera exceeds a predetermined motion, the display control section modifies display of at least the boundary of the virtual object. 19. An information processing method comprising:
acquiring a position of a virtual object, having been determined on the basis of a position of a virtual camera having been calculated on the basis of recognition result of a real space corresponding to an image captured by an imaging device; and controlling display of at least a boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object, and a feature of a real object that resides in the real space. 20. A program that functionalizes a computer as an information processing device, the information processing device comprising:
a position acquisition section that acquires a position of a virtual object, having been determined on the basis of a position of a virtual camera having been calculated on the basis of recognition result of a real space corresponding to an image captured by an imaging device; and a display control section that controls display of at least a boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object, and a feature of a real object that resides in the real space. | [Problem] A technology capable of reducing feeling of wrongness in display of a virtual object, while suppressing recognizability of the virtual object from degrading, is awaited. [Solution] Provided is an information processing device that includes: a position acquisition section that acquires a position of a virtual object in a real space, having been determined on the basis of a recognition result of a real space corresponding to an image captured by an imaging device; and a display control section that controls display of at least a boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object, and a feature of a real object that resides in the real space and is away from the position of the virtual object.1. An information processing device comprising:
a position acquisition section that acquires a position of a virtual object in a real space, having been determined on the basis of a recognition result of the real space corresponding to an image captured by an imaging device; and a display control section that controls display of at least a boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object, and a feature of a real object that resides in the real space and is away from the position of the virtual object. 2. The information processing device of claim 1,
wherein, in a case where the virtual object and the real object are in a first positional relation, the display control section displays at least the boundary of the virtual object differently from a case where the virtual object and the real object are in a second positional relation which is different from the first positional relation. 3. The information processing device of claim 2,
wherein, in a case where the positional relation between the virtual object and the real object changes from the first positional relation to the second positional relation, in response to a motion of a field of view of a user to whom the virtual object is presented, the display control section modifies the display of at least the boundary of the virtual object. 4. The information processing device of claim 1,
wherein the display control section calculates a predicted strength of a feeling of delay in display of the virtual object, on the basis of the feature of the real object, and controls the display of at least the boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object and the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display. 5. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section brings the position of the virtual object away from the real object. 6. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section modifies a shape of the virtual object. 7. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section gives a motion to the virtual object, or, enhances the motion of the virtual object. 8. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section modifies at least either color or luminance of the virtual object closer to at least either color or luminance of the real object. 9. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein in a case where the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display exceeds a threshold value, the display control section reduces recognizability of the boundary of the virtual object. 10. The information processing device of claim 1,
wherein the feature of the real object contains at least either shape or motion of the real object. 11. The information processing device of claim 4,
wherein the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display, on the basis of the feature of the real object and the feature of the virtual object. 12. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the real object contains a position of a straight line that composes the real object, the feature of the virtual object contains a position of the virtual object, and the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display more largely, as the position of the virtual object and the position of the straight line that composes the real object become closer. 13. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the real object contains a direction of a straight line that composes the real object, the feature of the virtual object contains a direction of the a straight line that composes the virtual object, and the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display more largely, as an angle between the direction of the straight line that composes the virtual object and the direction of the straight line that composes the real object becomes smaller. 14. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the virtual object contains at least either shape or motion of the virtual object. 15. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the real object contains a color of the real object, the feature of the virtual object contains a color of the virtual object, and the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display more largely, as the color of the real object and the color of the virtual object become less similar. 16. The information processing device of claim 11,
wherein the feature of the real object contains luminance of the real object, the feature of the virtual object contains luminance of the virtual object, and the display control section calculates the predicted strength of the feeling of delay in display more largely, as a difference between the luminance of the real object and the luminance of the virtual object becomes larger. 17. The information processing device of claim 1,
wherein the display control section controls display of at least the boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of a motion of a virtual camera calculated from a recognition result of the real space. 18. The information processing device of claim 17,
wherein in a case where the motion of the virtual camera exceeds a predetermined motion, the display control section modifies display of at least the boundary of the virtual object. 19. An information processing method comprising:
acquiring a position of a virtual object, having been determined on the basis of a position of a virtual camera having been calculated on the basis of recognition result of a real space corresponding to an image captured by an imaging device; and controlling display of at least a boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object, and a feature of a real object that resides in the real space. 20. A program that functionalizes a computer as an information processing device, the information processing device comprising:
a position acquisition section that acquires a position of a virtual object, having been determined on the basis of a position of a virtual camera having been calculated on the basis of recognition result of a real space corresponding to an image captured by an imaging device; and a display control section that controls display of at least a boundary of the virtual object, on the basis of the position of the virtual object, and a feature of a real object that resides in the real space. | 1,700 |
349,314 | 350,188 | 16,758,011 | 1,748 | The present invention provides a parallel method for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape and a mechanism for same, so as to regulate continuous output of an adhesive and intermittent movement in packaging work, so that during a short pause of placing an electronic component, a continuously output adhesive is prevented from being repeatedly applied at a fixed position of a carrier tape. In this way, excessive application of an adhesive can be avoided, and it can be further ensured that the quality of packaging is not affected by an excessive amount of an adhesive. | 1-22. (canceled) 23. A parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape, comprising:
an application unit, having at least one application end, used to output an adhesive; a combining unit, being separate from the application unit; a first strip, being a continuously extending strip body, passively starting with a first supply end, sequentially passing through the application unit and the combining unit, and ending with a collecting end, wherein when the first strip passes through the application unit, a combining surface on a side of the first strip faces the application end, so that the application unit may apply the adhesive on the combining surface by using the application end, when the application unit applies the adhesive on the combining surface, the first strip continuously passes through the application unit in a first movement, and when passing through the combining unit, the first strip intermittently passes through the combining unit in a second movement; and a second strip, being a continuously extending strip body, and passively starting with a second supply end, passing through the combining unit, and ending with the collecting end, wherein when the second strip passes through the combining unit, a strip surface on a side of the second strip faces the combining surface, so that the adhesive on the combining surface combines the first strip and the second strip. 24. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 23, further comprising a first power portion and a second power portion, wherein the first power portion provides a power to drive the first strip to make the first movement, and the second power portion provides a power to drive the first strip to make the second movement. 25. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 24, wherein the second strip and the first strip synchronously pass through the combining unit in the second movement. 26. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 25, wherein the power provided by the second power portion at the same time drives the second strip to make the second movement. 27. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 23, further comprising a stretching portion, held against a to-be-used segment, between the application unit and the combining unit, of the first strip, and being opposite a support surface on another side of the combining surface, to support the first strip. 28. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 27, wherein the stretching portion is displaceable. 29. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 28, further comprising a first power portion, providing a power and applying the power on the first strip via the stretching portion, to drive the first strip to make the first movement. 30. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 24, wherein the first power portion is a fluid pressure cylinder piece. 31. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 29, wherein the first power portion is a fluid pressure cylinder piece. 32. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 29, wherein the stretching portion has a roller column, indirectly fixed at a force output shaft of the first power portion, and is rollably connected on the support surface of the first strip through a column surface on a circumferential side. 33. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 23, further comprising a braking portion, used to stop movement of the first strip between the first supply end and the application unit. 34. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 33, wherein when the braking portion stops the movement of the first strip between the first supply end and the application unit, the application unit synchronously stops outputting the adhesive. 35. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 33, wherein when a portion, between the first supply end and the application unit, of the first strip is braked by the braking portion, the first strip still continues to pass through the combining unit in the second movement. 36. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 35, wherein a speed of the first movement is greater than a speed of the second movement, so that a to-be-used segment, between the application unit and the combining unit, of the first strip has an increased length. 37. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 23, further comprising a drying portion, located between the application unit and the combining unit and adjacent to the application unit, and used to dry the adhesive on the first strip. 38. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 37, wherein the drying portion uses thermal energy for drying. | The present invention provides a parallel method for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape and a mechanism for same, so as to regulate continuous output of an adhesive and intermittent movement in packaging work, so that during a short pause of placing an electronic component, a continuously output adhesive is prevented from being repeatedly applied at a fixed position of a carrier tape. In this way, excessive application of an adhesive can be avoided, and it can be further ensured that the quality of packaging is not affected by an excessive amount of an adhesive.1-22. (canceled) 23. A parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape, comprising:
an application unit, having at least one application end, used to output an adhesive; a combining unit, being separate from the application unit; a first strip, being a continuously extending strip body, passively starting with a first supply end, sequentially passing through the application unit and the combining unit, and ending with a collecting end, wherein when the first strip passes through the application unit, a combining surface on a side of the first strip faces the application end, so that the application unit may apply the adhesive on the combining surface by using the application end, when the application unit applies the adhesive on the combining surface, the first strip continuously passes through the application unit in a first movement, and when passing through the combining unit, the first strip intermittently passes through the combining unit in a second movement; and a second strip, being a continuously extending strip body, and passively starting with a second supply end, passing through the combining unit, and ending with the collecting end, wherein when the second strip passes through the combining unit, a strip surface on a side of the second strip faces the combining surface, so that the adhesive on the combining surface combines the first strip and the second strip. 24. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 23, further comprising a first power portion and a second power portion, wherein the first power portion provides a power to drive the first strip to make the first movement, and the second power portion provides a power to drive the first strip to make the second movement. 25. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 24, wherein the second strip and the first strip synchronously pass through the combining unit in the second movement. 26. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 25, wherein the power provided by the second power portion at the same time drives the second strip to make the second movement. 27. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 23, further comprising a stretching portion, held against a to-be-used segment, between the application unit and the combining unit, of the first strip, and being opposite a support surface on another side of the combining surface, to support the first strip. 28. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 27, wherein the stretching portion is displaceable. 29. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 28, further comprising a first power portion, providing a power and applying the power on the first strip via the stretching portion, to drive the first strip to make the first movement. 30. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 24, wherein the first power portion is a fluid pressure cylinder piece. 31. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 29, wherein the first power portion is a fluid pressure cylinder piece. 32. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 29, wherein the stretching portion has a roller column, indirectly fixed at a force output shaft of the first power portion, and is rollably connected on the support surface of the first strip through a column surface on a circumferential side. 33. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 23, further comprising a braking portion, used to stop movement of the first strip between the first supply end and the application unit. 34. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 33, wherein when the braking portion stops the movement of the first strip between the first supply end and the application unit, the application unit synchronously stops outputting the adhesive. 35. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 33, wherein when a portion, between the first supply end and the application unit, of the first strip is braked by the braking portion, the first strip still continues to pass through the combining unit in the second movement. 36. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 35, wherein a speed of the first movement is greater than a speed of the second movement, so that a to-be-used segment, between the application unit and the combining unit, of the first strip has an increased length. 37. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 23, further comprising a drying portion, located between the application unit and the combining unit and adjacent to the application unit, and used to dry the adhesive on the first strip. 38. The parallel mechanism for packaging an electronic component and coating an adhesive on a carrier tape according to claim 37, wherein the drying portion uses thermal energy for drying. | 1,700 |
349,315 | 350,189 | 16,758,004 | 1,748 | A method of optimizing a machining simulation condition includes a step of receiving a setting condition of a machine tool at the time of performing a prescribed machining detail, a step of calculating a first machining result that is a machining result assumed when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition, a step of acquiring a second machining result that is a machining result when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition, and a step of evaluating a degree of coincidence between the first machining result and the second machining result, and repeatedly performs the calculation of the first machining result while changing the precondition of the calculation until the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value. | 1. A method of optimizing a machining simulation condition by a computer, the method comprising:
a step of receiving a setting condition of a machine tool at the time of performing a prescribed machining detail; a step of calculating a first machining result that is a machining result assumed when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; a step of causing the computer to acquire a second machining result that is a machining result when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; a step of evaluating a degree of coincidence between the first machining result and the second machining result; and a step of changing a precondition of the calculation, wherein the computer repeatedly executes the calculation of the first machining result while changing the precondition of the calculation until the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value. 2. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 1,
wherein in the step of changing the precondition of the calculation, the precondition of the calculation is adjusted on the basis of measurement information on the precondition of the calculation measured when the machine tool performs machining under the setting condition. 3. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 1,
wherein in the step of calculating the first machining result, the machining detail and the setting condition are input and the first machining result is calculated on the basis of a prescribed machining simulation model. 4. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3,
wherein the setting condition is a value that is calculated by an inverse analysis on the basis of the machining simulation model and the machining detail. 5. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3,
wherein the setting condition is a representative value of a range of the setting condition that is calculated by an inverse analysis on the basis of the machining simulation model and the machining detail. 6. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3,
wherein the precondition of the calculation includes at least one of a parameter related to a performance of the machine tool included in the machining simulation model and a parameter related to a material of an object to be machined included in the machining simulation model. 7. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 1, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 8. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3,
wherein the machine tool is a laser machining apparatus. 9. A machining simulation device comprising:
a reception unit that receives a setting condition of a machine tool at the time of executing a prescribed machining detail; a calculation unit that calculates a first machining result that is a machining result assumed when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; an acquisition unit that acquires a second machining result that is a machining result when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; an evaluation unit that evaluates a degree of coincidence between the first machining result and the second machining result; and a change unit that changes a precondition of the calculation, wherein the calculation unit repeatedly performs the calculation of the first machining result while changing the precondition of the calculation until the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value. 10. A machining simulation system comprising:
a machine tool; and the machining simulation device according to claim 9, wherein the machining simulation device acquires a machining detail and a setting condition in machining executed by the machine tool to optimize a machining simulation condition. 11. A program for causing a computer to execute a method of optimizing a machining simulation condition, the program causes a computer to execute
a step of receiving a setting condition of a machine tool at the time of executing a prescribed machining detail; a step of calculating a first machining result that is a machining result assumed when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; a step of causing the computer to acquire a second machining result that is a machining result when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; a step of evaluating a degree of coincidence between the first machining result and the second machining result; and a step of changing a precondition of the calculation,
wherein the computer repeatedly performs the calculation of the first machining result while changing the precondition of the calculation until the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value. 12. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 2,
wherein in the step of calculating the first machining result, the machining detail and the setting condition are input and the first machining result is calculated on the basis of a prescribed machining simulation model. 13. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 4,
wherein the precondition of the calculation includes at least one of a parameter related to a performance of the machine tool included in the machining simulation model and a parameter related to a material of an object to be machined included in the machining simulation model. 14. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 5,
wherein the precondition of the calculation includes at least one of a parameter related to a performance of the machine tool included in the machining simulation model and a parameter related to a material of an object to be machined included in the machining simulation model. 15. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 2, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 16. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 17. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 4, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 18. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 5, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 19. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 6, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 20. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 4,
wherein the machine tool is a laser machining apparatus. | A method of optimizing a machining simulation condition includes a step of receiving a setting condition of a machine tool at the time of performing a prescribed machining detail, a step of calculating a first machining result that is a machining result assumed when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition, a step of acquiring a second machining result that is a machining result when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition, and a step of evaluating a degree of coincidence between the first machining result and the second machining result, and repeatedly performs the calculation of the first machining result while changing the precondition of the calculation until the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value.1. A method of optimizing a machining simulation condition by a computer, the method comprising:
a step of receiving a setting condition of a machine tool at the time of performing a prescribed machining detail; a step of calculating a first machining result that is a machining result assumed when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; a step of causing the computer to acquire a second machining result that is a machining result when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; a step of evaluating a degree of coincidence between the first machining result and the second machining result; and a step of changing a precondition of the calculation, wherein the computer repeatedly executes the calculation of the first machining result while changing the precondition of the calculation until the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value. 2. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 1,
wherein in the step of changing the precondition of the calculation, the precondition of the calculation is adjusted on the basis of measurement information on the precondition of the calculation measured when the machine tool performs machining under the setting condition. 3. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 1,
wherein in the step of calculating the first machining result, the machining detail and the setting condition are input and the first machining result is calculated on the basis of a prescribed machining simulation model. 4. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3,
wherein the setting condition is a value that is calculated by an inverse analysis on the basis of the machining simulation model and the machining detail. 5. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3,
wherein the setting condition is a representative value of a range of the setting condition that is calculated by an inverse analysis on the basis of the machining simulation model and the machining detail. 6. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3,
wherein the precondition of the calculation includes at least one of a parameter related to a performance of the machine tool included in the machining simulation model and a parameter related to a material of an object to be machined included in the machining simulation model. 7. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 1, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 8. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3,
wherein the machine tool is a laser machining apparatus. 9. A machining simulation device comprising:
a reception unit that receives a setting condition of a machine tool at the time of executing a prescribed machining detail; a calculation unit that calculates a first machining result that is a machining result assumed when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; an acquisition unit that acquires a second machining result that is a machining result when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; an evaluation unit that evaluates a degree of coincidence between the first machining result and the second machining result; and a change unit that changes a precondition of the calculation, wherein the calculation unit repeatedly performs the calculation of the first machining result while changing the precondition of the calculation until the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value. 10. A machining simulation system comprising:
a machine tool; and the machining simulation device according to claim 9, wherein the machining simulation device acquires a machining detail and a setting condition in machining executed by the machine tool to optimize a machining simulation condition. 11. A program for causing a computer to execute a method of optimizing a machining simulation condition, the program causes a computer to execute
a step of receiving a setting condition of a machine tool at the time of executing a prescribed machining detail; a step of calculating a first machining result that is a machining result assumed when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; a step of causing the computer to acquire a second machining result that is a machining result when the machine tool performs machining under the received setting condition; a step of evaluating a degree of coincidence between the first machining result and the second machining result; and a step of changing a precondition of the calculation,
wherein the computer repeatedly performs the calculation of the first machining result while changing the precondition of the calculation until the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value. 12. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 2,
wherein in the step of calculating the first machining result, the machining detail and the setting condition are input and the first machining result is calculated on the basis of a prescribed machining simulation model. 13. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 4,
wherein the precondition of the calculation includes at least one of a parameter related to a performance of the machine tool included in the machining simulation model and a parameter related to a material of an object to be machined included in the machining simulation model. 14. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 5,
wherein the precondition of the calculation includes at least one of a parameter related to a performance of the machine tool included in the machining simulation model and a parameter related to a material of an object to be machined included in the machining simulation model. 15. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 2, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 16. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 3, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 17. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 4, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 18. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 5, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 19. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 6, further comprising:
a step of accumulating the precondition of the calculation when the degree of coincidence is equal to or more than a prescribed threshold value; and a step of calculating an optimum value of the precondition of the calculation on the basis of the accumulated precondition of the calculation. 20. The method of optimizing the machining simulation condition according to claim 4,
wherein the machine tool is a laser machining apparatus. | 1,700 |
349,316 | 350,190 | 16,757,979 | 1,748 | A buckle that includes a frame with a first slot and a tongue assembly with a second slot. A terminal section of a strap can be passed through the first and second slots and turned back on itself to form a loop. | 1. A buckle comprising:
a frame comprising a forward strikebar and comprising a rearward portion that comprises a first laterally-extending slot; a tongue assembly comprising a rearward portion from which forwardly extends at least one elongate tongue, the rearward portion of the tongue assembly comprising a second laterally-extending slot and the tongue assembly exhibiting an axis of rotation about which the tongue assembly is rotatable relative to the frame,
wherein the frame and the tongue assembly are configured so that the first and second laterally-extending slots are superimposable with each other so that a terminal section of a strap can be passed through the first and second laterally-extending slots and turned back on itself to form a loop;
and,
wherein the frame and the tongue assembly are configured so that the axis of rotation of the tongue assembly does not pass through any portion of the frame. 2. The buckle of claim 1 wherein the axis of rotation of the tongue assembly is proximate a rear end of the tongue assembly and is at least generally aligned with a lateral axis of the tongue assembly and with a lateral axis of the frame. 3. The buckle of claim 1 wherein the rearward portion of the frame comprises a first laterally-oriented rear crossbar and wherein the rearward portion of the tongue assembly comprises a second laterally-oriented rear crossbar with a long axis that is at least substantially aligned with a long axis of the first laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the frame. 4. The buckle of claim 3 wherein the buckle comprises at least one cincture that co-encircles a laterally-extending portion of the first laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the frame and a portion of the second laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the tongue assembly so as to hold the first and second laterally-oriented rear crossbars in proximity to each other while allowing the tongue assembly to rotate about the axis of rotation. 5. The buckle of claim 4 wherein the at least one cincture is an elongated annular sleeve that extends along, and co-encircles, at least about 60% of an elongate length of the first rear crossbar and at least about 60% of an elongate length of the second rear crossbar. 6. An assembly comprising the buckle of claim 3 and further comprising a strap comprising a slotless terminal section that is passed through the first and second laterally-extending slots of the buckle and is turned back on itself and fastened to itself to form a terminal loop, which terminal loop co-encircles a laterally-extending portion of the first laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the frame and a laterally-extending portion of the second laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the tongue assembly so as to hold the first and second rear crossbars in proximity to each other while allowing the tongue assembly to rotate about the axis of rotation. 7. The assembly of claim 6 wherein the tongue assembly is not connected to the frame, or held in proximity to the frame, by anything other than the terminal loop of the slotless terminal section of the strap. 8. The buckle of claim 3 wherein the frame further comprises a laterally-oriented intermediate crossbar located between the forward strikebar of the frame and the first, laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the frame, and wherein a rearward edge of the intermediate crossbar of the frame and a forward edge of the rear crossbar of the frame respectively define forward and rearward boundaries of the first, laterally-extending slot of the frame. 9. The buckle of claim 8 wherein the intermediate crossbar of the frame and the rear crossbar of the frame each extend continuously across an entire lateral extent of the frame between first and second siderails of the frame. 10. The buckle of claim 3 wherein the rearward portion of the tongue assembly comprises a laterally-oriented intermediate crossbar from which the forwardly-extending elongate tongue integrally extends, and wherein a rearward edge of the intermediate crossbar of the tongue assembly and a forward edge of the rear crossbar of the tongue assembly respectively define forward and rearward boundaries of the second, laterally-extending slot of the tongue assembly. 11. The buckle of claim 10 wherein the rear crossbar and the intermediate crossbar of the tongue assembly each extend continuously across an entire lateral width of the rearward portion of the tongue assembly between first and second siderails of the tongue assembly. 12. The buckle of claim 11 wherein the rear crossbar and intermediate crossbar of the tongue assembly, the first and second siderails of the tongue assembly, and the forwardly-extending elongate tongue of the tongue assembly, are all integral portions of a rigid, single, integral tongue assembly. 13. The buckle of claim 12 wherein the rigid, single, integral tongue assembly is a single piece of stamped metal. 14. The buckle of claim 1 wherein the rear crossbar and the forward strikebar of the frame, and the first and second siderails of the frame, are all are all integral portions of a rigid, single, integral frame. 15. The buckle of claim 14 wherein the single, integral frame is a single piece of stamped metal. 16. An assembly comprising the buckle of claim 1 and comprising a strap including a slotless terminal section that is passed through the first and second laterally-extending slots of the buckle and turned back on itself and fastened to itself to form a terminal loop, and wherein no portion of the tongue assembly passes through any portion of the slotless terminal section of the strap. 17. The assembly of claim 16 wherein the slotless terminal section of the strap is fastened to itself by stitching. 18. The assembly of claim 16 wherein the strap is an elongate strap and wherein the slotless terminal section of the elongate strap is a first terminal section that is at a first, buckle end of the elongate strap; and, wherein the elongate strap comprises a second terminal section at a second end of the elongate strap that opposes the first, buckle end, the second terminal section of the elongate strap comprising a series of apertures spaced along an elongate length of the second terminal section, each of which apertures is configured to allow the forwardly-extending elongate tongue of the buckle to pass thereinto in order to buckle the second end of the elongate strap to the first, buckle end of the elongate strap. 19. The assembly of claim 16 wherein the slotless terminal section of the strap is at a buckle end of a first strap; and, wherein the assembly further comprises a second strap that is a separate strap from the first strap, the second strap being an elongate strap comprising a terminal section comprising a series of apertures spaced along an elongate length of the terminal section of the second strap, each of which apertures is configured to allow the forwardly-extending elongate tongue of the buckle to pass thereinto in order to buckle the second strap to the first strap. 20. A safety harness comprising a strap with the buckle of claim 1 attached thereto. | A buckle that includes a frame with a first slot and a tongue assembly with a second slot. A terminal section of a strap can be passed through the first and second slots and turned back on itself to form a loop.1. A buckle comprising:
a frame comprising a forward strikebar and comprising a rearward portion that comprises a first laterally-extending slot; a tongue assembly comprising a rearward portion from which forwardly extends at least one elongate tongue, the rearward portion of the tongue assembly comprising a second laterally-extending slot and the tongue assembly exhibiting an axis of rotation about which the tongue assembly is rotatable relative to the frame,
wherein the frame and the tongue assembly are configured so that the first and second laterally-extending slots are superimposable with each other so that a terminal section of a strap can be passed through the first and second laterally-extending slots and turned back on itself to form a loop;
and,
wherein the frame and the tongue assembly are configured so that the axis of rotation of the tongue assembly does not pass through any portion of the frame. 2. The buckle of claim 1 wherein the axis of rotation of the tongue assembly is proximate a rear end of the tongue assembly and is at least generally aligned with a lateral axis of the tongue assembly and with a lateral axis of the frame. 3. The buckle of claim 1 wherein the rearward portion of the frame comprises a first laterally-oriented rear crossbar and wherein the rearward portion of the tongue assembly comprises a second laterally-oriented rear crossbar with a long axis that is at least substantially aligned with a long axis of the first laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the frame. 4. The buckle of claim 3 wherein the buckle comprises at least one cincture that co-encircles a laterally-extending portion of the first laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the frame and a portion of the second laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the tongue assembly so as to hold the first and second laterally-oriented rear crossbars in proximity to each other while allowing the tongue assembly to rotate about the axis of rotation. 5. The buckle of claim 4 wherein the at least one cincture is an elongated annular sleeve that extends along, and co-encircles, at least about 60% of an elongate length of the first rear crossbar and at least about 60% of an elongate length of the second rear crossbar. 6. An assembly comprising the buckle of claim 3 and further comprising a strap comprising a slotless terminal section that is passed through the first and second laterally-extending slots of the buckle and is turned back on itself and fastened to itself to form a terminal loop, which terminal loop co-encircles a laterally-extending portion of the first laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the frame and a laterally-extending portion of the second laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the tongue assembly so as to hold the first and second rear crossbars in proximity to each other while allowing the tongue assembly to rotate about the axis of rotation. 7. The assembly of claim 6 wherein the tongue assembly is not connected to the frame, or held in proximity to the frame, by anything other than the terminal loop of the slotless terminal section of the strap. 8. The buckle of claim 3 wherein the frame further comprises a laterally-oriented intermediate crossbar located between the forward strikebar of the frame and the first, laterally-oriented rear crossbar of the frame, and wherein a rearward edge of the intermediate crossbar of the frame and a forward edge of the rear crossbar of the frame respectively define forward and rearward boundaries of the first, laterally-extending slot of the frame. 9. The buckle of claim 8 wherein the intermediate crossbar of the frame and the rear crossbar of the frame each extend continuously across an entire lateral extent of the frame between first and second siderails of the frame. 10. The buckle of claim 3 wherein the rearward portion of the tongue assembly comprises a laterally-oriented intermediate crossbar from which the forwardly-extending elongate tongue integrally extends, and wherein a rearward edge of the intermediate crossbar of the tongue assembly and a forward edge of the rear crossbar of the tongue assembly respectively define forward and rearward boundaries of the second, laterally-extending slot of the tongue assembly. 11. The buckle of claim 10 wherein the rear crossbar and the intermediate crossbar of the tongue assembly each extend continuously across an entire lateral width of the rearward portion of the tongue assembly between first and second siderails of the tongue assembly. 12. The buckle of claim 11 wherein the rear crossbar and intermediate crossbar of the tongue assembly, the first and second siderails of the tongue assembly, and the forwardly-extending elongate tongue of the tongue assembly, are all integral portions of a rigid, single, integral tongue assembly. 13. The buckle of claim 12 wherein the rigid, single, integral tongue assembly is a single piece of stamped metal. 14. The buckle of claim 1 wherein the rear crossbar and the forward strikebar of the frame, and the first and second siderails of the frame, are all are all integral portions of a rigid, single, integral frame. 15. The buckle of claim 14 wherein the single, integral frame is a single piece of stamped metal. 16. An assembly comprising the buckle of claim 1 and comprising a strap including a slotless terminal section that is passed through the first and second laterally-extending slots of the buckle and turned back on itself and fastened to itself to form a terminal loop, and wherein no portion of the tongue assembly passes through any portion of the slotless terminal section of the strap. 17. The assembly of claim 16 wherein the slotless terminal section of the strap is fastened to itself by stitching. 18. The assembly of claim 16 wherein the strap is an elongate strap and wherein the slotless terminal section of the elongate strap is a first terminal section that is at a first, buckle end of the elongate strap; and, wherein the elongate strap comprises a second terminal section at a second end of the elongate strap that opposes the first, buckle end, the second terminal section of the elongate strap comprising a series of apertures spaced along an elongate length of the second terminal section, each of which apertures is configured to allow the forwardly-extending elongate tongue of the buckle to pass thereinto in order to buckle the second end of the elongate strap to the first, buckle end of the elongate strap. 19. The assembly of claim 16 wherein the slotless terminal section of the strap is at a buckle end of a first strap; and, wherein the assembly further comprises a second strap that is a separate strap from the first strap, the second strap being an elongate strap comprising a terminal section comprising a series of apertures spaced along an elongate length of the terminal section of the second strap, each of which apertures is configured to allow the forwardly-extending elongate tongue of the buckle to pass thereinto in order to buckle the second strap to the first strap. 20. A safety harness comprising a strap with the buckle of claim 1 attached thereto. | 1,700 |
349,317 | 350,191 | 16,757,988 | 1,748 | An image analysis device may obtain target image data representing a target image which is an analysis target, specify (m×n) partial images sequentially by scanning the target image data, wherein the (m×n) partial images are constituted of m partial images aligned along a first direction and n partial images aligned along a second direction, generate first probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and the first object data in the memory, and reduce the target image data so as to generate reduced image data. The image analysis device may execute image analysis according to a convolutional neural network by using the reduced image data as K pieces of channel data corresponding to K channels and using the first probability data as one piece of channel data corresponding to one channel, and output a result of the image analysis. | 1. An image analysis device comprising:
a memory configured to store first object data representing a first object; an obtaining unit configured to obtain target image data representing a target image which is an analysis target, wherein the target image data includes (M×N) pixels constituted of M pixels aligned along a first direction and N pixels aligned along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the M being an integer of 3 or greater, and the N being an integer of 3 or greater, and wherein each pixel of the (M×N) pixels indicates K values corresponding to K channels, the K being an integer of 1 or greater; a specifying unit configured to specify (m×n) partial images sequentially by scanning the target image data, wherein the (m×n) partial images are constituted of m partial images aligned along the first direction and n partial images aligned along the second direction, the m being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the M, and the n being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the N; a generating unit configured to generate L pieces of additional channel data including first probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and the first object data in the memory, the L being an integer of 1 or greater, wherein the first probability data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, and wherein each pixel of the (m×n) pixels included in the first probability data indicates a value related to a probability that one partial image corresponding to the pixel includes the first object; a reducing unit configured to reduce the target image data so as to generate reduced image data, wherein the reduced image data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, wherein (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to (K+L) channels are generated by using the reduced image data as K pieces of channel data corresponding to the K channels and using the L pieces of additional channel data as L pieces of channel data corresponding to L additional channels; an analysis unit configured to execute an image analysis according to a convolutional neural network by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data, wherein
the image analysis includes executing a convolutional layer process by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to the (K+L) channels and (K+L) pieces of pattern data prepared in advance and corresponding to the (K+L) channels,
each piece of the (K+L) pieces of pattern data includes (m′×n′) pixels constituted of m′ pixels aligned along the first direction and n′ pixels aligned along the second direction, the m′ being an integer less than the m, and the n′ being an integer less than the n, and
the convolutional layer process includes a process of specifying, for each of the (K+L) channels, a match ratio between a target pixel group in a piece of channel data corresponding to the channel and a piece of the pattern data corresponding to the channel; and
an output unit configured to output a result of the image analysis. 2. The image analysis device according to claim 1, wherein
the K channels are three channels of RGB. 3. The image analysis device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
the memory is further configured to store second object data representing a second object different from the first object,
the generating unit is further configured to generate the L pieces of additional channel data further including second probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and the second object data in the memory, wherein the second probability data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, and each pixel of the (m×n) pixels included in the second probability data indicates a value related to a probability that one partial image corresponding to the pixel includes the second object, and
the (K+L) pieces of channel data are generated by using the L pieces of additional channel data including the first probability data and the second probability data. 4. The image analysis device according to claim 1, wherein
the first object is a predetermined cell. 5. A computer program for realizing an image analysis device, the computer program causing a computer of the image analysis device to function as:
an obtaining unit configured to obtain target image data representing a target image which is an analysis target, wherein the target image data includes (M×N) pixels constituted of M pixels aligned along a first direction and N pixels aligned along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the M being an integer of 3 or greater, and the N being an integer of 3 or greater, and wherein each pixel of the (M×N) pixels indicates K values corresponding to K channels, the K being an integer of 1 or greater; a specifying unit configured to specify (m×n) partial images sequentially by scanning the target image data, wherein the (m×n) partial images are constituted of m partial images aligned along the first direction and n partial images aligned along the second direction, the m being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the M, and the n being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the N; a generating unit configured to generate L pieces of additional channel data including first probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and first object data representing a first object, the L being an integer of 1 or greater, wherein the first probability data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, and each pixel of the (m×n) pixels included in the first probability data indicates a value related to a probability that one partial image corresponding to the pixel includes the first object; a reducing unit configured to reduce the target image data so as to generate reduced image data, wherein the reduced image data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, wherein (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to (K+L) channels are generated by using the reduced image data as K pieces of channel data corresponding to the K channels and using the L pieces of additional channel data as L pieces of channel data corresponding to L additional channels; an analysis unit configured to execute an image analysis according to a convolutional neural network by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data, wherein
the image analysis includes executing a convolutional layer process by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to the (K+L) channels and (K+L) pieces of pattern data prepared in advance and corresponding to the (K+L) channels,
each piece of the (K+L) pieces of pattern data includes (m′×n′) pixels constituted of m′ pixels aligned along the first direction and n′ pixels aligned along the second direction, the m′ being an integer less than the m, and the n′ being an integer less than the n, and
the convolutional layer process includes a process of specifying, for each of the (K+L) channels, a match ratio between a target pixel group in a piece of channel data corresponding to the channel and a piece of the pattern data corresponding to the channel; and
an output unit configured to output a result of the image analysis. 6. A method of analyzing an image, the method comprising:
an obtaining step of obtaining target image data representing a target image which is an analysis target, wherein the target image data includes (M×N) pixels constituted of M pixels aligned along a first direction and N pixels aligned along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the M being an integer of 3 or greater, the N being an integer of 3 or greater, and wherein each pixel of the (M×N) pixels indicates K values corresponding to K channels, the K being an integer of 1 or greater; a specifying step of specifying (m×n) partial images sequentially by scanning the target image data, wherein the (m×n) partial images are constituted of m partial images aligned along the first direction and n partial images aligned along the second direction, the m being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the M, and the n being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the N; a generating step of generating L pieces of additional channel data including first probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and first object data representing a first object, the L being an integer of 1 or greater, wherein the first probability data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, and each pixel of the (m×n) pixels included in the first probability data indicates a value related to a probability that one partial image corresponding to the pixel includes the first object; a reducing step of reducing the target image data so as to generate reduced image data, wherein the reduced image data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, wherein (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to (K+L) channels are generated by using the reduced image data as K pieces of channel data corresponding to the K channels and using the L pieces of additional channel data as L pieces of channel data corresponding to L additional channels; an analysis step of executing an image analysis according to a convolutional neural network by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data, wherein
the image analysis includes executing a convolutional layer process by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to the (K+L) channels and (K+L) pieces of pattern data prepared in advance and corresponding to the (K+L) channels,
each piece of the (K+L) pieces of pattern data includes (m′×n′) pixels constituted of m′ pixels aligned along the first direction and n′ pixels aligned along the second direction, the m′ being an integer less than the m, and the n′ being an integer less than the n, and
the convolutional layer process includes a process of specifying, for each of the (K+L) channels, a match ratio between a target pixel group in a piece of channel data corresponding to the channel and a piece of the pattern data corresponding to the channel; and
an output step of outputting a result of the image analysis. | An image analysis device may obtain target image data representing a target image which is an analysis target, specify (m×n) partial images sequentially by scanning the target image data, wherein the (m×n) partial images are constituted of m partial images aligned along a first direction and n partial images aligned along a second direction, generate first probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and the first object data in the memory, and reduce the target image data so as to generate reduced image data. The image analysis device may execute image analysis according to a convolutional neural network by using the reduced image data as K pieces of channel data corresponding to K channels and using the first probability data as one piece of channel data corresponding to one channel, and output a result of the image analysis.1. An image analysis device comprising:
a memory configured to store first object data representing a first object; an obtaining unit configured to obtain target image data representing a target image which is an analysis target, wherein the target image data includes (M×N) pixels constituted of M pixels aligned along a first direction and N pixels aligned along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the M being an integer of 3 or greater, and the N being an integer of 3 or greater, and wherein each pixel of the (M×N) pixels indicates K values corresponding to K channels, the K being an integer of 1 or greater; a specifying unit configured to specify (m×n) partial images sequentially by scanning the target image data, wherein the (m×n) partial images are constituted of m partial images aligned along the first direction and n partial images aligned along the second direction, the m being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the M, and the n being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the N; a generating unit configured to generate L pieces of additional channel data including first probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and the first object data in the memory, the L being an integer of 1 or greater, wherein the first probability data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, and wherein each pixel of the (m×n) pixels included in the first probability data indicates a value related to a probability that one partial image corresponding to the pixel includes the first object; a reducing unit configured to reduce the target image data so as to generate reduced image data, wherein the reduced image data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, wherein (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to (K+L) channels are generated by using the reduced image data as K pieces of channel data corresponding to the K channels and using the L pieces of additional channel data as L pieces of channel data corresponding to L additional channels; an analysis unit configured to execute an image analysis according to a convolutional neural network by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data, wherein
the image analysis includes executing a convolutional layer process by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to the (K+L) channels and (K+L) pieces of pattern data prepared in advance and corresponding to the (K+L) channels,
each piece of the (K+L) pieces of pattern data includes (m′×n′) pixels constituted of m′ pixels aligned along the first direction and n′ pixels aligned along the second direction, the m′ being an integer less than the m, and the n′ being an integer less than the n, and
the convolutional layer process includes a process of specifying, for each of the (K+L) channels, a match ratio between a target pixel group in a piece of channel data corresponding to the channel and a piece of the pattern data corresponding to the channel; and
an output unit configured to output a result of the image analysis. 2. The image analysis device according to claim 1, wherein
the K channels are three channels of RGB. 3. The image analysis device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
the memory is further configured to store second object data representing a second object different from the first object,
the generating unit is further configured to generate the L pieces of additional channel data further including second probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and the second object data in the memory, wherein the second probability data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, and each pixel of the (m×n) pixels included in the second probability data indicates a value related to a probability that one partial image corresponding to the pixel includes the second object, and
the (K+L) pieces of channel data are generated by using the L pieces of additional channel data including the first probability data and the second probability data. 4. The image analysis device according to claim 1, wherein
the first object is a predetermined cell. 5. A computer program for realizing an image analysis device, the computer program causing a computer of the image analysis device to function as:
an obtaining unit configured to obtain target image data representing a target image which is an analysis target, wherein the target image data includes (M×N) pixels constituted of M pixels aligned along a first direction and N pixels aligned along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the M being an integer of 3 or greater, and the N being an integer of 3 or greater, and wherein each pixel of the (M×N) pixels indicates K values corresponding to K channels, the K being an integer of 1 or greater; a specifying unit configured to specify (m×n) partial images sequentially by scanning the target image data, wherein the (m×n) partial images are constituted of m partial images aligned along the first direction and n partial images aligned along the second direction, the m being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the M, and the n being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the N; a generating unit configured to generate L pieces of additional channel data including first probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and first object data representing a first object, the L being an integer of 1 or greater, wherein the first probability data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, and each pixel of the (m×n) pixels included in the first probability data indicates a value related to a probability that one partial image corresponding to the pixel includes the first object; a reducing unit configured to reduce the target image data so as to generate reduced image data, wherein the reduced image data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, wherein (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to (K+L) channels are generated by using the reduced image data as K pieces of channel data corresponding to the K channels and using the L pieces of additional channel data as L pieces of channel data corresponding to L additional channels; an analysis unit configured to execute an image analysis according to a convolutional neural network by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data, wherein
the image analysis includes executing a convolutional layer process by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to the (K+L) channels and (K+L) pieces of pattern data prepared in advance and corresponding to the (K+L) channels,
each piece of the (K+L) pieces of pattern data includes (m′×n′) pixels constituted of m′ pixels aligned along the first direction and n′ pixels aligned along the second direction, the m′ being an integer less than the m, and the n′ being an integer less than the n, and
the convolutional layer process includes a process of specifying, for each of the (K+L) channels, a match ratio between a target pixel group in a piece of channel data corresponding to the channel and a piece of the pattern data corresponding to the channel; and
an output unit configured to output a result of the image analysis. 6. A method of analyzing an image, the method comprising:
an obtaining step of obtaining target image data representing a target image which is an analysis target, wherein the target image data includes (M×N) pixels constituted of M pixels aligned along a first direction and N pixels aligned along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the M being an integer of 3 or greater, the N being an integer of 3 or greater, and wherein each pixel of the (M×N) pixels indicates K values corresponding to K channels, the K being an integer of 1 or greater; a specifying step of specifying (m×n) partial images sequentially by scanning the target image data, wherein the (m×n) partial images are constituted of m partial images aligned along the first direction and n partial images aligned along the second direction, the m being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the M, and the n being an integer of 2 or greater and less than the N; a generating step of generating L pieces of additional channel data including first probability data by using the (m×n) partial images and first object data representing a first object, the L being an integer of 1 or greater, wherein the first probability data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, and each pixel of the (m×n) pixels included in the first probability data indicates a value related to a probability that one partial image corresponding to the pixel includes the first object; a reducing step of reducing the target image data so as to generate reduced image data, wherein the reduced image data includes (m×n) pixels constituted of m pixels aligned along the first direction and n pixels aligned along the second direction, wherein (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to (K+L) channels are generated by using the reduced image data as K pieces of channel data corresponding to the K channels and using the L pieces of additional channel data as L pieces of channel data corresponding to L additional channels; an analysis step of executing an image analysis according to a convolutional neural network by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data, wherein
the image analysis includes executing a convolutional layer process by using the (K+L) pieces of channel data corresponding to the (K+L) channels and (K+L) pieces of pattern data prepared in advance and corresponding to the (K+L) channels,
each piece of the (K+L) pieces of pattern data includes (m′×n′) pixels constituted of m′ pixels aligned along the first direction and n′ pixels aligned along the second direction, the m′ being an integer less than the m, and the n′ being an integer less than the n, and
the convolutional layer process includes a process of specifying, for each of the (K+L) channels, a match ratio between a target pixel group in a piece of channel data corresponding to the channel and a piece of the pattern data corresponding to the channel; and
an output step of outputting a result of the image analysis. | 1,700 |
349,318 | 350,192 | 16,757,992 | 1,748 | The present disclosure provides a measurement gap indication method, a measurement gap receiving method, a user equipment and a network device. The measurement gap indication method includes: obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment operates with a target parameter; and transmitting the indication information to a network device. The target parameter includes at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal. | 1. A measurement gap indication method comprising:
obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter; transmitting the indication information to a network device; wherein the target parameter comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the target parameter comprises the carrier, the carrier comprises: center frequency and bandwidth;
when the target parameter comprises the bandwidth part, the bandwidth part comprises at least one of identification information of the bandwidth part, center frequency, offset value according to preset reference frequency, occupied bandwidth and subcarrier spacing. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, comprises:
obtaining measurement-related information and configuration information of the target parameter configured by the network device for the UE; and according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, obtaining the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter. 4.-5. (canceled) 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, obtaining the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter, comprises:
according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, determining whether a measurement gap is required when operating with the target parameter and performing a target measurement, thereby obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required corresponding to a plurality of target parameters; the target measurement comprises at least one of: intra-frequency measurement, inter-frequency measurement, inter-system measurement, switched beam measurement and layer-1 measurement. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein after the step of transmitting the indication information to a network device, the method further comprises:
receiving measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with the plurality of target parameters transmitted by the network device; or, receiving measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with an activated target parameter transmitted by the network device. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
when determining that the measurement gap is not needed for the target parameter, transmitting indication information of measurement gap not required to the network device. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, obtaining the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter, comprises:
according to the measurement-related information and configuration information, determining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating with an activated target parameter and performing target measurement; wherein the target measurement comprises at least one of: intra-frequency measurement, inter-frequency measurement, inter-system measurement, switched beam measurement and layer-1 measurement. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein after the step of transmitting the indication information to a network device, the method further comprises:
receiving measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with the activated target parameter transmitted by the network device. 11. (canceled) 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, the method further comprises:
receiving measurement gap configuration information configured for the UE transmitted by the network device; wherein the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, comprises: according to the measurement gap configuration information, obtaining indication information of measurement gap not required when the UE operates with the target parameter; wherein the measurement gap configuration information comprises measurement gap configuration information for all measurements or measurement gap configuration information for some measurements. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the target parameter comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part and bandwidth part combination; the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, comprises:
according to supported carrier frequency band, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target carrier and performing a target measurement; according to supported carrier frequency band combination, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target carrier combination and performing a target measurement; according to supported bandwidth part, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target bandwidth part and performing a target measurement of first measurement item configured for other bandwidth part; according to supported bandwidth part, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target bandwidth part and performing a target measurement of second measurement item configured for other bandwidth part; according to supported bandwidth part combination, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target bandwidth part combination and performing a target measurement of first measurement item configured for other bandwidth part combination; according to supported bandwidth part combination, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target bandwidth part combination and performing a target measurement of second measurement item configured for other bandwidth part combination; wherein the target measurement comprises at least one of: intra-frequency measurement, inter-frequency measurement, inter-system measurement, switched beam measurement and layer-1 measurement; the first measurement item comprises: carrier, bandwidth part or reference signal; the second measurement item comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein after the step of transmitting the indication information to a network device, the method further comprises:
receiving measurement gap configuration information, wherein the measurement gap configuration information is fed back by the network device according to the indication information. 15. (canceled) 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the indication information indicates that the measurement gap is required, the indication information comprises: type information of the measurement gap that the UE expects to be configured by the network device. 17. A measurement gap receiving method comprising:
receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE); wherein the indication information is determined when the UE operates with a target parameter; the target parameter comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the step of receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE), comprises:
transmitting measurement-related information and configuration information of the target parameter to the UE; receiving the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter, which is determined by the UE according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information and transmitted by the UE. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein when the indication information is indication information of whether a measurement gap is required corresponding to a plurality of target parameters, the method further comprises:
transmitting measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with the plurality of target parameters to the UE; or, transmitting measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with an activated target parameter to the UE. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein before the step of receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE), the method further comprises:
transmitting measurement gap configuration information configured for the UE to the UE; wherein the measurement gap configuration information comprises measurement gap configuration information for all measurements or measurement gap configuration information for some measurements; wherein the step of receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE), comprises: receiving indication information of measurement gap not required transmitted by the UE. 21. The method according to claim 17, wherein after the step of receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE), the method further comprises:
feeding back the measurement gap configuration information to the UE according to the indication information. 22.-37. (canceled) 38. A user equipment (UE) comprising: a memory, a processor, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor; wherein the program is executed by the processor to implement steps of a measurement gap indication method that includes:
obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter; transmitting the indication information to a network device; wherein the target parameter comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal. 39.-44. (canceled) 45. A network device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor; wherein the program is executed by the processor to implement steps of the method according to claim 17. 46. (canceled) 47. The UE according to claim 38, wherein when the program is executed by the processor to implement the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, the processor is further used to implement steps of:
obtaining measurement-related information and configuration information of the target parameter configured by the network device for the UE; and according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, obtaining the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter. | The present disclosure provides a measurement gap indication method, a measurement gap receiving method, a user equipment and a network device. The measurement gap indication method includes: obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment operates with a target parameter; and transmitting the indication information to a network device. The target parameter includes at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal.1. A measurement gap indication method comprising:
obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter; transmitting the indication information to a network device; wherein the target parameter comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the target parameter comprises the carrier, the carrier comprises: center frequency and bandwidth;
when the target parameter comprises the bandwidth part, the bandwidth part comprises at least one of identification information of the bandwidth part, center frequency, offset value according to preset reference frequency, occupied bandwidth and subcarrier spacing. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, comprises:
obtaining measurement-related information and configuration information of the target parameter configured by the network device for the UE; and according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, obtaining the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter. 4.-5. (canceled) 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, obtaining the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter, comprises:
according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, determining whether a measurement gap is required when operating with the target parameter and performing a target measurement, thereby obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required corresponding to a plurality of target parameters; the target measurement comprises at least one of: intra-frequency measurement, inter-frequency measurement, inter-system measurement, switched beam measurement and layer-1 measurement. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein after the step of transmitting the indication information to a network device, the method further comprises:
receiving measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with the plurality of target parameters transmitted by the network device; or, receiving measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with an activated target parameter transmitted by the network device. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
when determining that the measurement gap is not needed for the target parameter, transmitting indication information of measurement gap not required to the network device. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, obtaining the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter, comprises:
according to the measurement-related information and configuration information, determining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating with an activated target parameter and performing target measurement; wherein the target measurement comprises at least one of: intra-frequency measurement, inter-frequency measurement, inter-system measurement, switched beam measurement and layer-1 measurement. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein after the step of transmitting the indication information to a network device, the method further comprises:
receiving measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with the activated target parameter transmitted by the network device. 11. (canceled) 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, the method further comprises:
receiving measurement gap configuration information configured for the UE transmitted by the network device; wherein the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, comprises: according to the measurement gap configuration information, obtaining indication information of measurement gap not required when the UE operates with the target parameter; wherein the measurement gap configuration information comprises measurement gap configuration information for all measurements or measurement gap configuration information for some measurements. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the target parameter comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part and bandwidth part combination; the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, comprises:
according to supported carrier frequency band, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target carrier and performing a target measurement; according to supported carrier frequency band combination, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target carrier combination and performing a target measurement; according to supported bandwidth part, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target bandwidth part and performing a target measurement of first measurement item configured for other bandwidth part; according to supported bandwidth part, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target bandwidth part and performing a target measurement of second measurement item configured for other bandwidth part; according to supported bandwidth part combination, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target bandwidth part combination and performing a target measurement of first measurement item configured for other bandwidth part combination; according to supported bandwidth part combination, obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when operating at a target bandwidth part combination and performing a target measurement of second measurement item configured for other bandwidth part combination; wherein the target measurement comprises at least one of: intra-frequency measurement, inter-frequency measurement, inter-system measurement, switched beam measurement and layer-1 measurement; the first measurement item comprises: carrier, bandwidth part or reference signal; the second measurement item comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein after the step of transmitting the indication information to a network device, the method further comprises:
receiving measurement gap configuration information, wherein the measurement gap configuration information is fed back by the network device according to the indication information. 15. (canceled) 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the indication information indicates that the measurement gap is required, the indication information comprises: type information of the measurement gap that the UE expects to be configured by the network device. 17. A measurement gap receiving method comprising:
receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE); wherein the indication information is determined when the UE operates with a target parameter; the target parameter comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the step of receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE), comprises:
transmitting measurement-related information and configuration information of the target parameter to the UE; receiving the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter, which is determined by the UE according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information and transmitted by the UE. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein when the indication information is indication information of whether a measurement gap is required corresponding to a plurality of target parameters, the method further comprises:
transmitting measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with the plurality of target parameters to the UE; or, transmitting measurement gap configuration information required when the UE operates with an activated target parameter to the UE. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein before the step of receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE), the method further comprises:
transmitting measurement gap configuration information configured for the UE to the UE; wherein the measurement gap configuration information comprises measurement gap configuration information for all measurements or measurement gap configuration information for some measurements; wherein the step of receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE), comprises: receiving indication information of measurement gap not required transmitted by the UE. 21. The method according to claim 17, wherein after the step of receiving indication information of whether a measurement gap is required transmitted by a user equipment (UE), the method further comprises:
feeding back the measurement gap configuration information to the UE according to the indication information. 22.-37. (canceled) 38. A user equipment (UE) comprising: a memory, a processor, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor; wherein the program is executed by the processor to implement steps of a measurement gap indication method that includes:
obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter; transmitting the indication information to a network device; wherein the target parameter comprises at least one of carrier, carrier frequency band combination, bandwidth part, bandwidth part combination and reference signal. 39.-44. (canceled) 45. A network device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor; wherein the program is executed by the processor to implement steps of the method according to claim 17. 46. (canceled) 47. The UE according to claim 38, wherein when the program is executed by the processor to implement the step of obtaining indication information of whether a measurement gap is required when a user equipment (UE) operates with a target parameter, the processor is further used to implement steps of:
obtaining measurement-related information and configuration information of the target parameter configured by the network device for the UE; and according to the measurement-related information and the configuration information, obtaining the indication information of whether the measurement gap is required when the UE operates with the target parameter. | 1,700 |
349,319 | 350,193 | 16,757,991 | 1,748 | A downhole tool may comprise a tool body that is a structural support for the downhole tool, an upper arm attached at one end to the tool body, a pad attached at an opposite end of the upper arm, a lower arm attached at one end to a sliding block and attached to the pad at an opposite end of the lower arm, and a passive arm connected to the lower arm and the tool body. A method may comprise disposing a downhole tool into a borehole, applying a force to a passive arm, applying a second force from the passive arm to the lower arm in response to the force applied to the passive arm, and moving the lower arm and the passive arm in a longitudinal direction along an axis of the downhole tool. | 1. A downhole tool comprising:
a tool body that is a structural support for the downhole tool; an upper arm attached at one end to the tool body; a pad attached at an opposite end of the upper arm; a lower arm attached at one end to a sliding block and attached to the pad at an opposite end of the lower arm; and a passive arm connected to the lower arm and the tool body. 2. The downhole tool of claim 1, further comprising one or more pins that connect the upper arm to the tool body and the pad. 3. The downhole tool of claim 2, the one or more pins connect the lower arm to the tool body and the sliding block. 4. The downhole tool of claim 1, further comprising a spring in which the sliding block is connected to at one end and an actuator is connected at the opposite end of the spring. 5. The downhole tool of claim 4, wherein an actuator moves the spring and in turn the sliding block through the spring. 6. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the passive arm is connected at one end to the tool body by a pin and connected to the lower arm by a second pin. 7. The downhole tool of claim 6, wherein the second pin is placed within a slot that is formed in the lower arm. 8. The downhole tool of claim 7, wherein the second pin is moveable along a longitudinal length of the slot. 9. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the passive arm is attached inside the lower arm. 10. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the passive arm is attached outside the lower arm. 11. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the pad further comprises one or more electrodes. 12. A method comprising:
disposing a downhole tool into a borehole, the downhole tool comprises:
an upper arm attached to the downhole tool at one end and a pad attached to an opposite end of the upper arm;
a lower arm attached to the downhole tool at one end and the pad at an opposite end of the lower arm; and
a passive arm attached to the downhole tool at one end and the lower arm at an opposite end of the passive arm;
applying a force to a passive arm; applying a second force from the passive arm to the lower arm in response to the force applied to the passive arm; and moving the lower arm and the passive arm in a longitudinal direction along an axis of the downhole tool. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising applying a second force to the upper arm. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising moving the upper arm and the lower arm in the longitudinal direction along the axis of the downhole tool. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising moving the pad radially inward. 16. A downhole tool comprising:
a tool body that is a structural support for the downhole tool; a pad; a lower arm attached at one end to a sliding block and attached to the pad at an opposite end of the lower arm; and a passive arm connected to the lower arm and the tool body. 17. The downhole tool of claim 16, wherein the lower arm includes a slot. 18. The downhole tool of claim 17, wherein the passive arm includes a pin that is placed within the slot. 19. The downhole tool of claim 18, wherein the pin moves longitudinally within the slot. 20. The downhole tool of claim 19, wherein the passive arm is positioned inside the lower arm. | A downhole tool may comprise a tool body that is a structural support for the downhole tool, an upper arm attached at one end to the tool body, a pad attached at an opposite end of the upper arm, a lower arm attached at one end to a sliding block and attached to the pad at an opposite end of the lower arm, and a passive arm connected to the lower arm and the tool body. A method may comprise disposing a downhole tool into a borehole, applying a force to a passive arm, applying a second force from the passive arm to the lower arm in response to the force applied to the passive arm, and moving the lower arm and the passive arm in a longitudinal direction along an axis of the downhole tool.1. A downhole tool comprising:
a tool body that is a structural support for the downhole tool; an upper arm attached at one end to the tool body; a pad attached at an opposite end of the upper arm; a lower arm attached at one end to a sliding block and attached to the pad at an opposite end of the lower arm; and a passive arm connected to the lower arm and the tool body. 2. The downhole tool of claim 1, further comprising one or more pins that connect the upper arm to the tool body and the pad. 3. The downhole tool of claim 2, the one or more pins connect the lower arm to the tool body and the sliding block. 4. The downhole tool of claim 1, further comprising a spring in which the sliding block is connected to at one end and an actuator is connected at the opposite end of the spring. 5. The downhole tool of claim 4, wherein an actuator moves the spring and in turn the sliding block through the spring. 6. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the passive arm is connected at one end to the tool body by a pin and connected to the lower arm by a second pin. 7. The downhole tool of claim 6, wherein the second pin is placed within a slot that is formed in the lower arm. 8. The downhole tool of claim 7, wherein the second pin is moveable along a longitudinal length of the slot. 9. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the passive arm is attached inside the lower arm. 10. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the passive arm is attached outside the lower arm. 11. The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the pad further comprises one or more electrodes. 12. A method comprising:
disposing a downhole tool into a borehole, the downhole tool comprises:
an upper arm attached to the downhole tool at one end and a pad attached to an opposite end of the upper arm;
a lower arm attached to the downhole tool at one end and the pad at an opposite end of the lower arm; and
a passive arm attached to the downhole tool at one end and the lower arm at an opposite end of the passive arm;
applying a force to a passive arm; applying a second force from the passive arm to the lower arm in response to the force applied to the passive arm; and moving the lower arm and the passive arm in a longitudinal direction along an axis of the downhole tool. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising applying a second force to the upper arm. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising moving the upper arm and the lower arm in the longitudinal direction along the axis of the downhole tool. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising moving the pad radially inward. 16. A downhole tool comprising:
a tool body that is a structural support for the downhole tool; a pad; a lower arm attached at one end to a sliding block and attached to the pad at an opposite end of the lower arm; and a passive arm connected to the lower arm and the tool body. 17. The downhole tool of claim 16, wherein the lower arm includes a slot. 18. The downhole tool of claim 17, wherein the passive arm includes a pin that is placed within the slot. 19. The downhole tool of claim 18, wherein the pin moves longitudinally within the slot. 20. The downhole tool of claim 19, wherein the passive arm is positioned inside the lower arm. | 1,700 |
349,320 | 350,194 | 16,757,998 | 1,748 | This steering control device is provided with a microcomputer. The microcomputer includes: a basic assist component calculation unit for calculating a basic assist component; an angle command value calculation unit for calculating an angle command value; an angle feedback control unit that calculates an assist command value via angle feedback control in which a pinion angle is made to follow the angle command value; and a control signal generation unit that generates a motor control signal on the basis of the assist command value. The basic assist component calculation unit includes: a torque command value calculation unit for calculating a torque command value that is a target value for steering torque to be input by a driver; and a torque feedback control unit that calculates the basic assist component via torque feedback control in which the steering torque is made to follow the torque command value. | 1. A steering control device comprising a controller that controls driving of a motor using a steering torque input by a driver to steer a steering mechanism such that a steerable wheel of a vehicle steers, the motor being a generation source of an assist force applied to the steering mechanism, wherein
the controller includes
a basic assist component calculator that calculates a basic assist component using the steering torque, the basic assist component being a basic component of the assist force that should be generated by the motor,
an angle command value calculator that calculates an angle command value using a drive torque, the angle command value corresponding to a target value of a rotation angle of a rotary shaft convertible into a steerable angle of the steerable wheel, the drive torque being an additional value of the steering torque and the basic assist component and being input to the steering mechanism,
an angle feedback controller that calculates an assist command value by executing angle feedback control such that the rotation angle follows the angle command value, the assist command value corresponding to a target value of the assist force, and
a control signal generator that generates a motor control signal using the assist command value, the motor control signal being necessary for driving the motor, and
the basic assist component calculator includes
a torque command value calculator that calculates a torque command value using the drive torque, the torque command value corresponding to a target value of the steering torque that should be input by the driver, and
a torque feedback controller that calculates the basic assist component by executing torque feedback control such that the steering torque follows the torque command value. 2. The steering control device according to claim 1, wherein the angle command value calculator calculates the angle command value using a model expression represented so as to relate the drive torque to the rotation angle. 3. The steering control device according to claim 2, wherein the angle command value calculator includes a compensation component calculator that calculates a compensation component that compensates the assist command value so as to be optimized to a state of the vehicle or a state of the steering mechanism for the vehicle. | This steering control device is provided with a microcomputer. The microcomputer includes: a basic assist component calculation unit for calculating a basic assist component; an angle command value calculation unit for calculating an angle command value; an angle feedback control unit that calculates an assist command value via angle feedback control in which a pinion angle is made to follow the angle command value; and a control signal generation unit that generates a motor control signal on the basis of the assist command value. The basic assist component calculation unit includes: a torque command value calculation unit for calculating a torque command value that is a target value for steering torque to be input by a driver; and a torque feedback control unit that calculates the basic assist component via torque feedback control in which the steering torque is made to follow the torque command value.1. A steering control device comprising a controller that controls driving of a motor using a steering torque input by a driver to steer a steering mechanism such that a steerable wheel of a vehicle steers, the motor being a generation source of an assist force applied to the steering mechanism, wherein
the controller includes
a basic assist component calculator that calculates a basic assist component using the steering torque, the basic assist component being a basic component of the assist force that should be generated by the motor,
an angle command value calculator that calculates an angle command value using a drive torque, the angle command value corresponding to a target value of a rotation angle of a rotary shaft convertible into a steerable angle of the steerable wheel, the drive torque being an additional value of the steering torque and the basic assist component and being input to the steering mechanism,
an angle feedback controller that calculates an assist command value by executing angle feedback control such that the rotation angle follows the angle command value, the assist command value corresponding to a target value of the assist force, and
a control signal generator that generates a motor control signal using the assist command value, the motor control signal being necessary for driving the motor, and
the basic assist component calculator includes
a torque command value calculator that calculates a torque command value using the drive torque, the torque command value corresponding to a target value of the steering torque that should be input by the driver, and
a torque feedback controller that calculates the basic assist component by executing torque feedback control such that the steering torque follows the torque command value. 2. The steering control device according to claim 1, wherein the angle command value calculator calculates the angle command value using a model expression represented so as to relate the drive torque to the rotation angle. 3. The steering control device according to claim 2, wherein the angle command value calculator includes a compensation component calculator that calculates a compensation component that compensates the assist command value so as to be optimized to a state of the vehicle or a state of the steering mechanism for the vehicle. | 1,700 |
349,321 | 350,195 | 16,757,983 | 1,748 | The present disclosure related to a method for screening compounds having the ability to prevent, treat or reduce malodor development on body surfaces. In particular, the method screens for compounds having the ability of preventing sweat malodor development caused by malodor causing volatile acid compounds and/or malodor causing volatile sulphur compounds. The present disclosure is based on a sensitive analytical method to determine the presence of the precursors of malodor causing volatile acid compounds and/or malodor causing volatile sulphur compounds present in sweat, which are metabolised by bacteria, such as, for example, Cornebacteria or Staphylococci to malodor causing volatile acid compounds and malodor causing volatile sulphur compounds. | 1. A method,
wherein the method identifies compounds having the ability to prevent, treat, or reduce malodor development on body surfaces, the method comprising the steps of:
a. contacting a subject with a test compound;
b. collecting a sample comprising at least one malodor causing volatile compound from the headspace of the axilla of a subject;
c. adsorbing the collected sample onto an adsorbent material; and
d. determining, in the adsorbed collected sample, the amount of at least one malodor causing volatile compound selected from the group consisting of: 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (3M2H), 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA), and 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (MSH),
wherein the determining step is performed by thermal desorption GC/MS, and wherein the test compound prevents, treats, or reduces malodor development on body surfaces if the amount of the at least one malodor causing volatile compound is lower, compared an amount of the amount of the at least one malodor causing volatile compound in a sample collected from a non-treated subject. 2. A method,
wherein the method identifies compounds having the ability to prevent, treat, or reduce malodor development on body surfaces, the method comprising the steps of:
a. contacting a subject with a test compound;
b. collecting a sample comprising at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound from a sample of clothing obtained from a subject;
c. extracting the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound from the collected sample of the subject's clothing with a solvent;
d. forming an ester of the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound;
e. extracting the ester of the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound, thereby forming an extracted sample, and
f. determining, in the extracted sample, the amount of at least one ester of the malodor causing volatile acid compound selected from the group consisting of: 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (3M2H), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA),
wherein the determining step is performed by GC-MS/MS, and wherein the test compound prevents, treats, or reduces malodor development on body surfaces if the amount of the extracted ester of the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound is lower, compared an amount of the amount of the extracted ester of the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound in a sample collected from a non-treated subject. | The present disclosure related to a method for screening compounds having the ability to prevent, treat or reduce malodor development on body surfaces. In particular, the method screens for compounds having the ability of preventing sweat malodor development caused by malodor causing volatile acid compounds and/or malodor causing volatile sulphur compounds. The present disclosure is based on a sensitive analytical method to determine the presence of the precursors of malodor causing volatile acid compounds and/or malodor causing volatile sulphur compounds present in sweat, which are metabolised by bacteria, such as, for example, Cornebacteria or Staphylococci to malodor causing volatile acid compounds and malodor causing volatile sulphur compounds.1. A method,
wherein the method identifies compounds having the ability to prevent, treat, or reduce malodor development on body surfaces, the method comprising the steps of:
a. contacting a subject with a test compound;
b. collecting a sample comprising at least one malodor causing volatile compound from the headspace of the axilla of a subject;
c. adsorbing the collected sample onto an adsorbent material; and
d. determining, in the adsorbed collected sample, the amount of at least one malodor causing volatile compound selected from the group consisting of: 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (3M2H), 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA), and 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (MSH),
wherein the determining step is performed by thermal desorption GC/MS, and wherein the test compound prevents, treats, or reduces malodor development on body surfaces if the amount of the at least one malodor causing volatile compound is lower, compared an amount of the amount of the at least one malodor causing volatile compound in a sample collected from a non-treated subject. 2. A method,
wherein the method identifies compounds having the ability to prevent, treat, or reduce malodor development on body surfaces, the method comprising the steps of:
a. contacting a subject with a test compound;
b. collecting a sample comprising at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound from a sample of clothing obtained from a subject;
c. extracting the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound from the collected sample of the subject's clothing with a solvent;
d. forming an ester of the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound;
e. extracting the ester of the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound, thereby forming an extracted sample, and
f. determining, in the extracted sample, the amount of at least one ester of the malodor causing volatile acid compound selected from the group consisting of: 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (3M2H), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA),
wherein the determining step is performed by GC-MS/MS, and wherein the test compound prevents, treats, or reduces malodor development on body surfaces if the amount of the extracted ester of the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound is lower, compared an amount of the amount of the extracted ester of the at least one malodor causing volatile acid compound in a sample collected from a non-treated subject. | 1,700 |
349,322 | 350,196 | 16,757,994 | 1,748 | The present disclosure relates to a cutting insert, and a cutting insert according to the present disclosure comprises: an upper surface and a lower surface oriented in opposite directions; a first and a second shorter side surface connecting the upper surface and the lower surface to each other and oriented in opposite directions; a first and a second longer side surfaces connecting the upper surface and the lower surface to each other, connecting the first and the second shorter side surfaces to each other, oriented in opposite directions, and being longer than the first and the second shorter side surfaces; and a through hole extending through the upper surface and the lower surface, wherein when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface has two side portions, each side portion having an inclined shape with reference to the center portion. | 1. A cutting insert comprising:
an upper surface and a lower surface oriented in opposite directions; a first shorter side surface and a second shorter side surface connecting the upper surface and the lower surface to each other and oriented in opposite directions; a first longer side surface and a second longer side surface connecting the upper surface and the lower surface to each other, connecting the first shorter side surface and the second shorter side surface to each other, oriented in opposite directions, and being longer than the first and the second shorter side surfaces; a through hole extending through the upper surface and the lower surface; a shorter cutting edge provided at a boundary between the upper surface and the first shorter side surface; a first corner cutting edge provided at a boundary between the upper surface and a corner connecting the first longer side surface and the first shorter side surface; and a second corner cutting edge provided at a boundary between the upper surface and a corner connecting the second longer side surface and the first shorter side surface, wherein, when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface has a shape such that both sides are inclined with reference to a center portion thereof. 2. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface has a shape such that the center portion thereof is convexly protruded. 3. The cutting insert according to claim 2, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface comprises: a convex portion which is convexly protruded and which forms a center portion; first and second inclined sections forming both sides with reference to the convex portion and gradually inclined toward an inside of the upper surface as further away from the convex portion; and first and second concave portions which are concavely recessed and which form end portions of the first and second inclined sections. 4. The cutting insert according to claim 2, wherein,
when viewed in a section cut along a vertical direction from the upper surface to the lower surface, the first longer side surface forms a vertical angle with the upper surface. 5. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first shorter side surface has an outwardly convex shape, and one side with reference to a center portion of the first shorter side surface forms an acute angle with one of the inclined sides of the first longer side surface. 6. The cutting insert according to claim 5, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first shorter side surface has a curved shape as a whole or a shape that combines a curved line and a straight line. 7. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein,
when viewed toward the first shorter side surface, the shorter cutting edge has a curved shape as a whole or a shape that combines a curved line and a straight line. 8. The cutting insert according to claim 7, wherein,
when viewed toward the first shorter side surface, the first corner cutting edge is positioned higher than the second corner cutting edge, and a highest portion of the shorter cutting edge is positioned closer to the first corner cutting edge than the second corner cutting edge. 9. The cutting insert according to claim 7, wherein,
when viewed toward the first shorter side surface, the first corner cutting edge is positioned lower than the second corner cutting edge, and a highest portion of the shorter cutting edge is positioned closer to the second corner cutting edge than the first corner cutting edge. 10. The cutting insert according to claim 7, wherein,
when viewed toward the first shorter side surface, the first and second corner cutting edges are positioned at the same height, and a highest portion of the shorter cutting edges is positioned closer to a center than the first and second corner cutting edges. 11. The cutting insert according to claim 7, wherein,
when viewed toward the first longer side surface, the first shorter side surface forms a vertical angle with the upper surface. 12. The cutting insert according to claim 11, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the shorter cutting edge has a curved shape that is outwardly convex. 13. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface has a shape such that a center portion thereof is concavely recessed. 14. The cutting insert according to claim 13, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface comprises: a concave portion which is concavely recessed and which forms a center portion; and first and second inclined sections forming both sides with reference to the concave portion and being gradually inclined outward the upper surface as further away from the concave portion. 15. The cutting insert according to claim 14, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, each of the first and second inclined sections has a straight shape. 16. The cutting insert according to claim 13, wherein,
when viewed in a section cut along a vertical plane from the upper surface to the lower surface, the first longer side surface forms a vertical angle with the upper surface. 17. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the upper surface is rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees with respect to a center thereof. 18. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein
the upper and lower surfaces have the same shape as each other, each of the upper and lower surfaces is rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees with respect to a center thereof, each of the first and second shorter side surfaces is rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees with respect to a center thereof, and each of the first and second longer side surfaces is rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees with respect to a center thereof. 19. A cutting tool having, mounted therein, the cutting insert according to claim 1, comprising:
a first seat surface on which the lower surface is placed; a second seat surface on which the first longer side surface is placed; and a third seat surface on which the first shorter side surface is placed, wherein the second seat surface has a first longer side inclined surface and a second longer side inclined surface on which both sides of the first longer side surface are respectively seated. 20. A cutting tool having, mounted therein, the cutting insert according to claim 5, comprising:
a first seat surface on which the lower surface is placed; a second seat surface on which the first longer side surface is placed; and a third seat surface on which the first shorter side surface is placed, wherein the second seat surface has a first longer side inclined fastening surface and a second longer side inclined fastening surface on which both sides of the first longer side surface are respectively seated, the third seat surface has a shorter side inclined fastening surface on which the one side of the first shorter side surface is seated and which is adjacent to an outer circumferential surface of the cutting tool, and the shorter side inclined fastening surface forms an acute angle with any one of the first longer side inclined fastening surface and the second longer side inclined fastening surface. | The present disclosure relates to a cutting insert, and a cutting insert according to the present disclosure comprises: an upper surface and a lower surface oriented in opposite directions; a first and a second shorter side surface connecting the upper surface and the lower surface to each other and oriented in opposite directions; a first and a second longer side surfaces connecting the upper surface and the lower surface to each other, connecting the first and the second shorter side surfaces to each other, oriented in opposite directions, and being longer than the first and the second shorter side surfaces; and a through hole extending through the upper surface and the lower surface, wherein when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface has two side portions, each side portion having an inclined shape with reference to the center portion.1. A cutting insert comprising:
an upper surface and a lower surface oriented in opposite directions; a first shorter side surface and a second shorter side surface connecting the upper surface and the lower surface to each other and oriented in opposite directions; a first longer side surface and a second longer side surface connecting the upper surface and the lower surface to each other, connecting the first shorter side surface and the second shorter side surface to each other, oriented in opposite directions, and being longer than the first and the second shorter side surfaces; a through hole extending through the upper surface and the lower surface; a shorter cutting edge provided at a boundary between the upper surface and the first shorter side surface; a first corner cutting edge provided at a boundary between the upper surface and a corner connecting the first longer side surface and the first shorter side surface; and a second corner cutting edge provided at a boundary between the upper surface and a corner connecting the second longer side surface and the first shorter side surface, wherein, when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface has a shape such that both sides are inclined with reference to a center portion thereof. 2. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface has a shape such that the center portion thereof is convexly protruded. 3. The cutting insert according to claim 2, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface comprises: a convex portion which is convexly protruded and which forms a center portion; first and second inclined sections forming both sides with reference to the convex portion and gradually inclined toward an inside of the upper surface as further away from the convex portion; and first and second concave portions which are concavely recessed and which form end portions of the first and second inclined sections. 4. The cutting insert according to claim 2, wherein,
when viewed in a section cut along a vertical direction from the upper surface to the lower surface, the first longer side surface forms a vertical angle with the upper surface. 5. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first shorter side surface has an outwardly convex shape, and one side with reference to a center portion of the first shorter side surface forms an acute angle with one of the inclined sides of the first longer side surface. 6. The cutting insert according to claim 5, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first shorter side surface has a curved shape as a whole or a shape that combines a curved line and a straight line. 7. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein,
when viewed toward the first shorter side surface, the shorter cutting edge has a curved shape as a whole or a shape that combines a curved line and a straight line. 8. The cutting insert according to claim 7, wherein,
when viewed toward the first shorter side surface, the first corner cutting edge is positioned higher than the second corner cutting edge, and a highest portion of the shorter cutting edge is positioned closer to the first corner cutting edge than the second corner cutting edge. 9. The cutting insert according to claim 7, wherein,
when viewed toward the first shorter side surface, the first corner cutting edge is positioned lower than the second corner cutting edge, and a highest portion of the shorter cutting edge is positioned closer to the second corner cutting edge than the first corner cutting edge. 10. The cutting insert according to claim 7, wherein,
when viewed toward the first shorter side surface, the first and second corner cutting edges are positioned at the same height, and a highest portion of the shorter cutting edges is positioned closer to a center than the first and second corner cutting edges. 11. The cutting insert according to claim 7, wherein,
when viewed toward the first longer side surface, the first shorter side surface forms a vertical angle with the upper surface. 12. The cutting insert according to claim 11, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the shorter cutting edge has a curved shape that is outwardly convex. 13. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface has a shape such that a center portion thereof is concavely recessed. 14. The cutting insert according to claim 13, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, the first longer side surface comprises: a concave portion which is concavely recessed and which forms a center portion; and first and second inclined sections forming both sides with reference to the concave portion and being gradually inclined outward the upper surface as further away from the concave portion. 15. The cutting insert according to claim 14, wherein,
when viewed toward the upper surface, each of the first and second inclined sections has a straight shape. 16. The cutting insert according to claim 13, wherein,
when viewed in a section cut along a vertical plane from the upper surface to the lower surface, the first longer side surface forms a vertical angle with the upper surface. 17. The cutting insert according to claim 1,
wherein the upper surface is rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees with respect to a center thereof. 18. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein
the upper and lower surfaces have the same shape as each other, each of the upper and lower surfaces is rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees with respect to a center thereof, each of the first and second shorter side surfaces is rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees with respect to a center thereof, and each of the first and second longer side surfaces is rotationally symmetrical by 180 degrees with respect to a center thereof. 19. A cutting tool having, mounted therein, the cutting insert according to claim 1, comprising:
a first seat surface on which the lower surface is placed; a second seat surface on which the first longer side surface is placed; and a third seat surface on which the first shorter side surface is placed, wherein the second seat surface has a first longer side inclined surface and a second longer side inclined surface on which both sides of the first longer side surface are respectively seated. 20. A cutting tool having, mounted therein, the cutting insert according to claim 5, comprising:
a first seat surface on which the lower surface is placed; a second seat surface on which the first longer side surface is placed; and a third seat surface on which the first shorter side surface is placed, wherein the second seat surface has a first longer side inclined fastening surface and a second longer side inclined fastening surface on which both sides of the first longer side surface are respectively seated, the third seat surface has a shorter side inclined fastening surface on which the one side of the first shorter side surface is seated and which is adjacent to an outer circumferential surface of the cutting tool, and the shorter side inclined fastening surface forms an acute angle with any one of the first longer side inclined fastening surface and the second longer side inclined fastening surface. | 1,700 |
349,323 | 350,197 | 16,757,995 | 1,748 | A pump and motor assembly (20) includes a centrifugal pump (30), a bent axis hydraulic pump 58, and a wet-type drive motor (228). The motor has a rotor and a stator that are submerged in hydraulic fluid for full lubrication and cooling. A drive shaft 66 is driven by the motor. The centrifugal pump has a rotatable impeller (50) for pumping hydraulic fluid from an inlet (48) to the bent axis hydraulic pump. The centrifugal pump also pumps fluid to the motor for lubrication and cooling. The bent axis hydraulic pump pumps the fluid and discharges the fluid from the system. The centrifugal pump and the bent axis hydraulic pump are rotatable along a common rotational axis R1 that is angled relative to the rotational axis R2 of the drive shaft. | 1. A pump assembly comprising:
an inlet port; a discharge port; a centrifugal pump assembly having a housing that defines an interior chamber in fluid communication with the inlet port, an outlet, and an impeller rotatable within the interior chamber, the impeller being connected to a rotatable drive shaft that rotates the impeller, wherein the impeller pumps hydraulic fluid from the inlet port to the outlet; and a cylinder barrel and piston assembly rotationally coupled to the impeller and the drive shaft, the cylinder barrel and piston assembly being in fluid communication with the outlet of the centrifugal pump assembly, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly pumps hydraulic fluid toward the discharge port, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the centrifugal pump assembly are rotatable about a first rotational axis and the drive shaft is rotatable about a second rotational axis, the first rotational axis and the second rotational axis being angled relative to each other. 2. The pump assembly according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly includes a cylinder barrel having at least one bore, at least one piston moveable within the bore, and at least one timing gear, wherein the piston and the cylinder barrel are connected to the drive shaft through the timing gear for rotation with the drive shaft. 3. The pump assembly according to claim 2, wherein the centrifugal pump assembly includes an impeller shaft connected between the impeller and the cylinder barrel, and an impeller shaft guide pin that surrounds at least part of the impeller shaft and extends through the cylinder barrel. 4. The pump assembly according to claim 3, wherein the centrifugal pump assembly includes a bushing spacer mounted on the impeller shaft adjacent the impeller within the interior chamber. 5. The pump assembly according to claim 1 further comprising an inducer arranged in the interior chamber of the centrifugal pump assembly, the inducer being interposed between the inlet port and the impeller. 6. The pump assembly according to claim 1 further comprising at least two impellers arranged in the interior chamber of the centrifugal pump assembly. 7. (canceled) 8. The pump assembly according to claim 1 further comprising a cylinder barrel housing that is integrated with the centrifugal pump assembly, the cylinder barrel housing having a cylindrical main body that is arranged along the first rotational axis of the centrifugal pump assembly and a flange wall that is arranged along the second rotational axis of the drive shaft. 9. The pump assembly according to claim 8, wherein the housing of the centrifugal pump assembly is secured around the cylindrical main body of the cylinder barrel housing, wherein the cylindrical main body has a protruding lip that extends over the flange wall to secure the cylindrical main body to the flange wall. 10. (canceled) 11. A pump assembly comprising:
a drive shaft; a centrifugal pump assembly including a centrifugal pump housing having an interior chamber and an impeller that is connected to the drive shaft and rotatable within the interior chamber of the centrifugal pump housing by rotation of the drive shaft; and a cylinder barrel and piston assembly including a cylinder barrel housing that is integrated with the centrifugal pump assembly, a cylinder barrel rotationally coupled to the impeller, and at least one piston that is moveable within the cylinder barrel and coupled to the drive shaft, the cylinder barrel and piston assembly being in fluid communication with the centrifugal pump housing, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the centrifugal pump assembly are rotatable about a first rotational axis and the drive shaft is rotatable about a second rotational axis, the first rotational axis and the second rotational axis being angled relative to each other, and wherein the cylinder barrel housing includes a cylindrical main body that is arranged along the first rotational axis and a flange wall that is secured to the cylindrical main body and arranged along the second rotational axis. 12. The pump assembly according to claim 11 further comprising:
an impeller shaft connected between the impeller and the cylinder barrel;
a guide pin that surrounds at least part of the impeller shaft and extends through the cylinder barrel; and
a bushing spacer mounted on the impeller shaft adjacent the impeller within the interior chamber. 13. The pump assembly according to claim 11 further comprising:
a plurality of tapered roller bearings arranged on the drive shaft;
at least one shaft seal arranged on the drive shaft; and
a casing that houses the tapered roller bearings and the shaft seal, the casing having a wall engageable with the flange wall of the cylinder barrel house. 14. (canceled) 15. A pump and motor assembly comprising:
a motor assembly including a motor housing defining a motor chamber, a motor having a rotor and a stator that are arranged within the motor chamber and submerged in hydraulic fluid, and a drive shaft driven by the motor; a centrifugal pump assembly including a centrifugal pump housing having an interior chamber, an inlet, and an outlet, an impeller rotatable within the interior chamber of the centrifugal pump housing, wherein the impeller pumps hydraulic fluid from the inlet to the outlet; and a cylinder barrel and piston assembly rotationally coupled to the impeller and the drive shaft, the cylinder barrel and piston assembly being in fluid communication with the outlet of the centrifugal pump assembly, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly pumps hydraulic fluid received from the centrifugal pump assembly and discharges the hydraulic fluid, wherein the centrifugal pump assembly and the cylinder barrel and piston assembly are rotatable about a first rotational axis and the drive shaft and the motor assembly are rotatable about a second rotational axis, the first rotational axis and the second rotational axis being angled relative to each other. 16. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 15, wherein the stator has an outer diameter with a plurality of crescent-shaped slots through which hydraulic fluid flows into the motor chamber. 17. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 15 further comprising a lubrication connector in fluid communication between the outlet of the centrifugal pump assembly and the motor housing for providing lubrication or cooling flow from the impeller to the motor assembly. 18. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 17, wherein the centrifugal pump assembly includes an adjustable orifice that is fluidly connected between the outlet of the centrifugal pump assembly and the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the lubrication connector for directing hydraulic fluid to the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the lubrication connector, the adjustable orifice being fluidly connected with the motor assembly for receiving hydraulic fluid from the motor and re-directing the hydraulic fluid to the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the lubrication connector. 19. (canceled) 20. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 15 further comprising:
an impeller shaft coupled between the impeller and the cylinder barrel and piston assembly, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly is rotationally coupled to the drive shaft and the impeller shaft;
a guide pin that surrounds at least part of the impeller shaft and extends through the cylinder barrel and piston assembly; and
a bushing spacer mounted on the impeller shaft adjacent the impeller within the interior chamber. 21. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 15, wherein the motor assembly includes a motor side impeller that is in fluid communication with the impeller of the centrifugal pump assembly and is rotatable about the second rotational axis in an opposite rotational direction relative to a rotational direction of the impeller of the centrifugal pump assembly, and a discharge port in fluid communication with the motor side impeller,
wherein during a forward flow operation of the pump and motor assembly, the inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly is configured to intake a low pressure fluid into the pump and motor assembly and the discharge port is configured to discharge high pressure fluid out of the pump and motor assembly, and wherein during a reverse flow operation of the pump and motor assembly, the discharge port of the motor assembly is configured to intake a low pressure fluid into the pump and motor assembly and the inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly is configured to discharge a high pressure fluid out of the pump and motor assembly. 22. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 21 further comprising:
a motor cooling forward flow path that is fluidly connected between the centrifugal pump assembly and the motor assembly; and
a discharge forward flow path that is fluidly connected between the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the motor side impeller,
wherein during the forward flow operation, the motor cooling forward flow path is configured to receive low pressure fluid flowing from the centrifugal pump assembly to the motor assembly and the discharge forward flow path is configured to receive high pressure fluid flowing from the cylinder barrel and piston assembly to the motor side impeller, and
wherein during the reverse flow operation, the discharge forward flow path is configured to receive low pressure fluid flowing from the motor side impeller to the cylinder barrel and piston assembly. 23. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 22 further comprising:
a first check valve arranged between the motor cooling forward flow path and the motor assembly, the first check valve being in an open position during the forward flow operation and in a closed position during the reverse flow operation; and
a second check valve arranged between the discharge forward flow path and the motor assembly, the second check valve being in a closed position during the forward flow operation and in an open position during the reverse flow operation. 24. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 23 further comprising:
a first flow return line fluidly connected between the motor assembly and the inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly;
a second flow return line fluidly connected between the motor assembly and the discharge port;
a third check valve arranged between the flow return line and the inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly, the third check valve being in an open position during the forward flow operation and in a closed position during the reverse flow operation; and
a fourth check valve arranged between the second flow return line and the discharge port, the fourth check valve being in a closed position during the forward flow operation and in an open position during the reverse flow operation. | A pump and motor assembly (20) includes a centrifugal pump (30), a bent axis hydraulic pump 58, and a wet-type drive motor (228). The motor has a rotor and a stator that are submerged in hydraulic fluid for full lubrication and cooling. A drive shaft 66 is driven by the motor. The centrifugal pump has a rotatable impeller (50) for pumping hydraulic fluid from an inlet (48) to the bent axis hydraulic pump. The centrifugal pump also pumps fluid to the motor for lubrication and cooling. The bent axis hydraulic pump pumps the fluid and discharges the fluid from the system. The centrifugal pump and the bent axis hydraulic pump are rotatable along a common rotational axis R1 that is angled relative to the rotational axis R2 of the drive shaft.1. A pump assembly comprising:
an inlet port; a discharge port; a centrifugal pump assembly having a housing that defines an interior chamber in fluid communication with the inlet port, an outlet, and an impeller rotatable within the interior chamber, the impeller being connected to a rotatable drive shaft that rotates the impeller, wherein the impeller pumps hydraulic fluid from the inlet port to the outlet; and a cylinder barrel and piston assembly rotationally coupled to the impeller and the drive shaft, the cylinder barrel and piston assembly being in fluid communication with the outlet of the centrifugal pump assembly, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly pumps hydraulic fluid toward the discharge port, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the centrifugal pump assembly are rotatable about a first rotational axis and the drive shaft is rotatable about a second rotational axis, the first rotational axis and the second rotational axis being angled relative to each other. 2. The pump assembly according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly includes a cylinder barrel having at least one bore, at least one piston moveable within the bore, and at least one timing gear, wherein the piston and the cylinder barrel are connected to the drive shaft through the timing gear for rotation with the drive shaft. 3. The pump assembly according to claim 2, wherein the centrifugal pump assembly includes an impeller shaft connected between the impeller and the cylinder barrel, and an impeller shaft guide pin that surrounds at least part of the impeller shaft and extends through the cylinder barrel. 4. The pump assembly according to claim 3, wherein the centrifugal pump assembly includes a bushing spacer mounted on the impeller shaft adjacent the impeller within the interior chamber. 5. The pump assembly according to claim 1 further comprising an inducer arranged in the interior chamber of the centrifugal pump assembly, the inducer being interposed between the inlet port and the impeller. 6. The pump assembly according to claim 1 further comprising at least two impellers arranged in the interior chamber of the centrifugal pump assembly. 7. (canceled) 8. The pump assembly according to claim 1 further comprising a cylinder barrel housing that is integrated with the centrifugal pump assembly, the cylinder barrel housing having a cylindrical main body that is arranged along the first rotational axis of the centrifugal pump assembly and a flange wall that is arranged along the second rotational axis of the drive shaft. 9. The pump assembly according to claim 8, wherein the housing of the centrifugal pump assembly is secured around the cylindrical main body of the cylinder barrel housing, wherein the cylindrical main body has a protruding lip that extends over the flange wall to secure the cylindrical main body to the flange wall. 10. (canceled) 11. A pump assembly comprising:
a drive shaft; a centrifugal pump assembly including a centrifugal pump housing having an interior chamber and an impeller that is connected to the drive shaft and rotatable within the interior chamber of the centrifugal pump housing by rotation of the drive shaft; and a cylinder barrel and piston assembly including a cylinder barrel housing that is integrated with the centrifugal pump assembly, a cylinder barrel rotationally coupled to the impeller, and at least one piston that is moveable within the cylinder barrel and coupled to the drive shaft, the cylinder barrel and piston assembly being in fluid communication with the centrifugal pump housing, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the centrifugal pump assembly are rotatable about a first rotational axis and the drive shaft is rotatable about a second rotational axis, the first rotational axis and the second rotational axis being angled relative to each other, and wherein the cylinder barrel housing includes a cylindrical main body that is arranged along the first rotational axis and a flange wall that is secured to the cylindrical main body and arranged along the second rotational axis. 12. The pump assembly according to claim 11 further comprising:
an impeller shaft connected between the impeller and the cylinder barrel;
a guide pin that surrounds at least part of the impeller shaft and extends through the cylinder barrel; and
a bushing spacer mounted on the impeller shaft adjacent the impeller within the interior chamber. 13. The pump assembly according to claim 11 further comprising:
a plurality of tapered roller bearings arranged on the drive shaft;
at least one shaft seal arranged on the drive shaft; and
a casing that houses the tapered roller bearings and the shaft seal, the casing having a wall engageable with the flange wall of the cylinder barrel house. 14. (canceled) 15. A pump and motor assembly comprising:
a motor assembly including a motor housing defining a motor chamber, a motor having a rotor and a stator that are arranged within the motor chamber and submerged in hydraulic fluid, and a drive shaft driven by the motor; a centrifugal pump assembly including a centrifugal pump housing having an interior chamber, an inlet, and an outlet, an impeller rotatable within the interior chamber of the centrifugal pump housing, wherein the impeller pumps hydraulic fluid from the inlet to the outlet; and a cylinder barrel and piston assembly rotationally coupled to the impeller and the drive shaft, the cylinder barrel and piston assembly being in fluid communication with the outlet of the centrifugal pump assembly, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly pumps hydraulic fluid received from the centrifugal pump assembly and discharges the hydraulic fluid, wherein the centrifugal pump assembly and the cylinder barrel and piston assembly are rotatable about a first rotational axis and the drive shaft and the motor assembly are rotatable about a second rotational axis, the first rotational axis and the second rotational axis being angled relative to each other. 16. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 15, wherein the stator has an outer diameter with a plurality of crescent-shaped slots through which hydraulic fluid flows into the motor chamber. 17. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 15 further comprising a lubrication connector in fluid communication between the outlet of the centrifugal pump assembly and the motor housing for providing lubrication or cooling flow from the impeller to the motor assembly. 18. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 17, wherein the centrifugal pump assembly includes an adjustable orifice that is fluidly connected between the outlet of the centrifugal pump assembly and the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the lubrication connector for directing hydraulic fluid to the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the lubrication connector, the adjustable orifice being fluidly connected with the motor assembly for receiving hydraulic fluid from the motor and re-directing the hydraulic fluid to the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the lubrication connector. 19. (canceled) 20. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 15 further comprising:
an impeller shaft coupled between the impeller and the cylinder barrel and piston assembly, wherein the cylinder barrel and piston assembly is rotationally coupled to the drive shaft and the impeller shaft;
a guide pin that surrounds at least part of the impeller shaft and extends through the cylinder barrel and piston assembly; and
a bushing spacer mounted on the impeller shaft adjacent the impeller within the interior chamber. 21. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 15, wherein the motor assembly includes a motor side impeller that is in fluid communication with the impeller of the centrifugal pump assembly and is rotatable about the second rotational axis in an opposite rotational direction relative to a rotational direction of the impeller of the centrifugal pump assembly, and a discharge port in fluid communication with the motor side impeller,
wherein during a forward flow operation of the pump and motor assembly, the inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly is configured to intake a low pressure fluid into the pump and motor assembly and the discharge port is configured to discharge high pressure fluid out of the pump and motor assembly, and wherein during a reverse flow operation of the pump and motor assembly, the discharge port of the motor assembly is configured to intake a low pressure fluid into the pump and motor assembly and the inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly is configured to discharge a high pressure fluid out of the pump and motor assembly. 22. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 21 further comprising:
a motor cooling forward flow path that is fluidly connected between the centrifugal pump assembly and the motor assembly; and
a discharge forward flow path that is fluidly connected between the cylinder barrel and piston assembly and the motor side impeller,
wherein during the forward flow operation, the motor cooling forward flow path is configured to receive low pressure fluid flowing from the centrifugal pump assembly to the motor assembly and the discharge forward flow path is configured to receive high pressure fluid flowing from the cylinder barrel and piston assembly to the motor side impeller, and
wherein during the reverse flow operation, the discharge forward flow path is configured to receive low pressure fluid flowing from the motor side impeller to the cylinder barrel and piston assembly. 23. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 22 further comprising:
a first check valve arranged between the motor cooling forward flow path and the motor assembly, the first check valve being in an open position during the forward flow operation and in a closed position during the reverse flow operation; and
a second check valve arranged between the discharge forward flow path and the motor assembly, the second check valve being in a closed position during the forward flow operation and in an open position during the reverse flow operation. 24. The pump and motor assembly according to claim 23 further comprising:
a first flow return line fluidly connected between the motor assembly and the inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly;
a second flow return line fluidly connected between the motor assembly and the discharge port;
a third check valve arranged between the flow return line and the inlet of the centrifugal pump assembly, the third check valve being in an open position during the forward flow operation and in a closed position during the reverse flow operation; and
a fourth check valve arranged between the second flow return line and the discharge port, the fourth check valve being in a closed position during the forward flow operation and in an open position during the reverse flow operation. | 1,700 |
349,324 | 350,198 | 16,758,019 | 1,748 | The present invention is based on a novel concept for finding the optimum expression level of a therapeutic gene for inducing the largest therapeutic effect without any adverse reaction. An object of the present invention is to develop an immuno-viral therapeutic vector exerting the optimal therapeutic effect while ensuring high safety. The present invention provides, for example, an oncolytic virus comprising an immunity-inducing gene operably linked to the downstream of E2F promoter or a promoter having an activity equivalent thereto, wherein at least one promoter for nucleic acids encoding an element essential for viral replication or assembly is replaced with a promoter for an organ specific highly expressed factor or with a promoter for a cancer cell specific highly expressed factor. | 1. An oncolytic virus comprising an immunity-inducing gene operably linked to the downstream of E2F promoter (E2Fp) or a promoter having activity equivalent thereto. 2. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the promoter having activity equivalent to E2F promoter (E2Fp) is survivin promoter, Aurora kinase A gene promoter, or Aurora kinase B gene promoter. 3. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the promoter is E2F promoter (E2Fp) or survivin promoter. 4. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the promoter is E2F promoter (E2Fp). 5. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the immunity-inducing gene is cytokine gene. 6. The oncolytic virus of claim 5, wherein the cytokine gene is a gene of any one cytokine selected from a group consisting of Activin A, ANGPTL5, BAFF, BD-2(β-Defensin-2), BD-3(β-Defensin-3), BDNF, BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-10, CCL1, CCL2(MCP-1), CCL3(MIP-1α), CCL4(MIP-1β), CCL5(RANTES), CCL6, CCL7(MCP-3), CCL8(MCP-2), CCL9(MIP-1γ), CCL11(Eotaxin-1), CCL12(MCP-5), CCL13(MCP-4), CCL14, CCL15(MIP-1δ), CCL16, CCL17(TARC), CCL18(PARC), CCL19(MIP-3β), CCL20(MIP-3α), CCL21(Exodus-2), CCL22, CCL23, CCL24(Eotaxin-2), CCL25(TECK), CCL26(MIP-4α), CCL27, CCL28, CO40-Ligand(TRAP), CD137(4-1BB)-Ligand, CNTF, CT-1, CX3CL1(Fractalkine), CXCL1(GRO1), CXCL2(MIP-2α, GRO2), CXCL3(MIP-2β, GRO3), CXCL4(PF4), CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12(SDF-1α), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17, DKK-1, DLL1, EGFs, EG-VEGF(Prokineticin 1), FasL, FGF-1(acidic FGF), FGF-2(basic FGF), FGF-3, FGF-4(HGBF-4), FGF-5, FGF-6, FGF-7(KGF, HBGF-7), FGF-8, FGF-9 (HBGF-9), FGF-10 (KGF-2), FGF-11, FGF-12, FGF-13, FGF-14, FGF-16, FGF-17, FGF-18, FGF-19, FGF-20, FGF-21, FGF-22, FGF-23, Flt3-Ligand, Galectin-1, Galectin-3, G-CSF, GDF-11, GDNF, GM-CSF, HB-EGF, HGF, IFN-α2a, IFN-α2b, IFN-β1a, IFN-β1b, IFN-γ1b, IGF-1, IGF-2, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8(CXCL8), IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-24, IL-25, IL-26, IL-27, IL-28, IL-29, IL-30, IL-31, IL-32, IL-33, IL-34, IL-35, IL-36, IL-37, IL-38, LIF, M-CSF, MIF, NGF-β, Noggin, NT-3(NTF-3), NT-4(NTF-4), Oncostatin M, OPG(TNFRSF11B), PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, Pleiotrophin, Prolactin(Mammotropin), RANKL, R-Spondin-1, R-Spondin-2, R-Spondin-3, SCF(c-kit Ligand), SHH(C24II), TGF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β3, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO(MDGF), TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF, XCL1, and XCL2. 7. The oncolytic virus of claim 6, wherein the cytokine gene is GM-CSF. 8. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein at least one promoter for nucleic acids encoding an element essential for viral replication or assembly is replaced with a promoter for an organ specific highly expressed factor or with a promoter for a cancer cell specific highly expressed factor. 9. The oncolytic virus of claim 8, wherein the promoter for an organ specific highly expressed factor is selected from a group consisting of an albumin promoter, α-fetoprotein promoter, prostate specific antigen (PSA) promoter, mitochondrial creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, myelin basic protein (MB) promoter, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter. 10. The oncolytic virus of claim 8, wherein the promoter for a cancer cell specific highly expressed factor is selected from a group consisting of a telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter, hypoxia responsive element (HRE) promoter, Grp78 promoter, L-Plastin promoter, hexokinase II promoter, survivin promoter, and Aurora kinase promoter. 11. The oncolytic virus of claim 10, wherein the promoter for the cancer cell specific highly expressed factor is survivin promoter, human Aurora kinase A promoter, or human Aurora kinase B promoter. 12. The oncolytic virus of claim 10, wherein the promoter for the cancer cell specific highly expressed factor is survivin promoter. 13. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the oncolytic virus is adenovirus. 14. The oncolytic virus of claim 13, wherein the at least one element essential for viral replication or assembly is selected from a group consisting of E1A, E1AΔ24, E1B and E1BΔ55K. 15. The oncolytic virus of claim 13, wherein the at least one element essential for viral replication or assembly is E1A. 16. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, which further comprises an expression cassette including nucleic acids encoding a cytotoxic factor or a therapeutic factor operably linked to an exogeneous promoter. 17. A therapeutic agent for cancer, comprising the oncolytic virus of claim 1. 18. A method of treatment of cancer, comprising administration of the oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the method results in less damage to non-targeted cells. 19. The method of claim 18 for use in a treatment of cancer which comprises an administration of the cytokine expressing oncolytic virus to cancer cells of a subject, wherein an amount of the cytokine in spleen or serum of the subject administered with the oncolytic virus is lower than that of a subject administered with another oncolytic virus carrying the immunity-inducing gene operably linked to the downstream of CA promoter or RSV promoter. 20. The method of claim 18 for use in a treatment of cancer which comprises an administration of the cytokine expressing oncolytic virus to cancer cells of a subject, wherein the cytokine in spleen of the subject administered with the oncolytic virus disappears faster than that of a subject administered with another oncolytic virus carrying the immunity-inducing gene operably linked to the downstream of CA promoter or RSV promoter. | The present invention is based on a novel concept for finding the optimum expression level of a therapeutic gene for inducing the largest therapeutic effect without any adverse reaction. An object of the present invention is to develop an immuno-viral therapeutic vector exerting the optimal therapeutic effect while ensuring high safety. The present invention provides, for example, an oncolytic virus comprising an immunity-inducing gene operably linked to the downstream of E2F promoter or a promoter having an activity equivalent thereto, wherein at least one promoter for nucleic acids encoding an element essential for viral replication or assembly is replaced with a promoter for an organ specific highly expressed factor or with a promoter for a cancer cell specific highly expressed factor.1. An oncolytic virus comprising an immunity-inducing gene operably linked to the downstream of E2F promoter (E2Fp) or a promoter having activity equivalent thereto. 2. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the promoter having activity equivalent to E2F promoter (E2Fp) is survivin promoter, Aurora kinase A gene promoter, or Aurora kinase B gene promoter. 3. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the promoter is E2F promoter (E2Fp) or survivin promoter. 4. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the promoter is E2F promoter (E2Fp). 5. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the immunity-inducing gene is cytokine gene. 6. The oncolytic virus of claim 5, wherein the cytokine gene is a gene of any one cytokine selected from a group consisting of Activin A, ANGPTL5, BAFF, BD-2(β-Defensin-2), BD-3(β-Defensin-3), BDNF, BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-10, CCL1, CCL2(MCP-1), CCL3(MIP-1α), CCL4(MIP-1β), CCL5(RANTES), CCL6, CCL7(MCP-3), CCL8(MCP-2), CCL9(MIP-1γ), CCL11(Eotaxin-1), CCL12(MCP-5), CCL13(MCP-4), CCL14, CCL15(MIP-1δ), CCL16, CCL17(TARC), CCL18(PARC), CCL19(MIP-3β), CCL20(MIP-3α), CCL21(Exodus-2), CCL22, CCL23, CCL24(Eotaxin-2), CCL25(TECK), CCL26(MIP-4α), CCL27, CCL28, CO40-Ligand(TRAP), CD137(4-1BB)-Ligand, CNTF, CT-1, CX3CL1(Fractalkine), CXCL1(GRO1), CXCL2(MIP-2α, GRO2), CXCL3(MIP-2β, GRO3), CXCL4(PF4), CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12(SDF-1α), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17, DKK-1, DLL1, EGFs, EG-VEGF(Prokineticin 1), FasL, FGF-1(acidic FGF), FGF-2(basic FGF), FGF-3, FGF-4(HGBF-4), FGF-5, FGF-6, FGF-7(KGF, HBGF-7), FGF-8, FGF-9 (HBGF-9), FGF-10 (KGF-2), FGF-11, FGF-12, FGF-13, FGF-14, FGF-16, FGF-17, FGF-18, FGF-19, FGF-20, FGF-21, FGF-22, FGF-23, Flt3-Ligand, Galectin-1, Galectin-3, G-CSF, GDF-11, GDNF, GM-CSF, HB-EGF, HGF, IFN-α2a, IFN-α2b, IFN-β1a, IFN-β1b, IFN-γ1b, IGF-1, IGF-2, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8(CXCL8), IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-24, IL-25, IL-26, IL-27, IL-28, IL-29, IL-30, IL-31, IL-32, IL-33, IL-34, IL-35, IL-36, IL-37, IL-38, LIF, M-CSF, MIF, NGF-β, Noggin, NT-3(NTF-3), NT-4(NTF-4), Oncostatin M, OPG(TNFRSF11B), PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, Pleiotrophin, Prolactin(Mammotropin), RANKL, R-Spondin-1, R-Spondin-2, R-Spondin-3, SCF(c-kit Ligand), SHH(C24II), TGF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β3, TNF-α, TNF-β, TPO(MDGF), TRAIL, TSLP, VEGF, XCL1, and XCL2. 7. The oncolytic virus of claim 6, wherein the cytokine gene is GM-CSF. 8. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein at least one promoter for nucleic acids encoding an element essential for viral replication or assembly is replaced with a promoter for an organ specific highly expressed factor or with a promoter for a cancer cell specific highly expressed factor. 9. The oncolytic virus of claim 8, wherein the promoter for an organ specific highly expressed factor is selected from a group consisting of an albumin promoter, α-fetoprotein promoter, prostate specific antigen (PSA) promoter, mitochondrial creatine kinase (MCK) promoter, myelin basic protein (MB) promoter, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter. 10. The oncolytic virus of claim 8, wherein the promoter for a cancer cell specific highly expressed factor is selected from a group consisting of a telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter, hypoxia responsive element (HRE) promoter, Grp78 promoter, L-Plastin promoter, hexokinase II promoter, survivin promoter, and Aurora kinase promoter. 11. The oncolytic virus of claim 10, wherein the promoter for the cancer cell specific highly expressed factor is survivin promoter, human Aurora kinase A promoter, or human Aurora kinase B promoter. 12. The oncolytic virus of claim 10, wherein the promoter for the cancer cell specific highly expressed factor is survivin promoter. 13. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the oncolytic virus is adenovirus. 14. The oncolytic virus of claim 13, wherein the at least one element essential for viral replication or assembly is selected from a group consisting of E1A, E1AΔ24, E1B and E1BΔ55K. 15. The oncolytic virus of claim 13, wherein the at least one element essential for viral replication or assembly is E1A. 16. The oncolytic virus of claim 1, which further comprises an expression cassette including nucleic acids encoding a cytotoxic factor or a therapeutic factor operably linked to an exogeneous promoter. 17. A therapeutic agent for cancer, comprising the oncolytic virus of claim 1. 18. A method of treatment of cancer, comprising administration of the oncolytic virus of claim 1, wherein the method results in less damage to non-targeted cells. 19. The method of claim 18 for use in a treatment of cancer which comprises an administration of the cytokine expressing oncolytic virus to cancer cells of a subject, wherein an amount of the cytokine in spleen or serum of the subject administered with the oncolytic virus is lower than that of a subject administered with another oncolytic virus carrying the immunity-inducing gene operably linked to the downstream of CA promoter or RSV promoter. 20. The method of claim 18 for use in a treatment of cancer which comprises an administration of the cytokine expressing oncolytic virus to cancer cells of a subject, wherein the cytokine in spleen of the subject administered with the oncolytic virus disappears faster than that of a subject administered with another oncolytic virus carrying the immunity-inducing gene operably linked to the downstream of CA promoter or RSV promoter. | 1,700 |
349,325 | 350,199 | 16,757,999 | 1,748 | The present invention relates to a suckable and/or melt-in-mouth tablet based on hyaluronic chondroitin sulphate and/or salts thereof. | 1. A composition for oral use in the solid form of a suckable and/or melt-in-mouth and/or mouth dissolving tablet or the like, comprising:
I) a mixture which comprises or, alternatively, consists of:
a hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and
a chondroitin, or a salt thereof
and, optionally, II) at least one food or pharmaceutical grade excipient or additive; said composition being for use:
i) in a method for the treatment of disorders or symptoms caused or provoked by gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), or
ii) in a method for the treatment of extraesophageal disorders or symptoms caused by the upflow of gastric contents and/or gastric vapours from the stomach to the oral cavity (also known as refluxate, which comprises pepsin, acid and/or mildly acidic or non-acidic but irritating contents), or
iii) in a method for the treatment of ulcers or lacerations provoked in the gastric mucosa (stomach lining), in the esophageal mucosa, in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa or in the tissues lining the oral cavity, so as to protect the mucosa and the tissues from the damage provoked thereto
in subjects in a state of need for said treatments. 2. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said solid form of a chewable and/or suckable and/or melt-in-mouth and/or orally dissolving tablet, or the like, has the function of causing the dissolution of at least said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof and in the saliva of the subjects to whom said composition is administered so as to form a viscous gel that adheres to the mucosa of the various anatomical parts from the oral cavity to the stomach by swallowing of said gel. 3. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, both have an average molecular weight comprised from greater than 1 KDa to less than 1,000 KDa. 4. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is a linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; more preferably said linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to about 600 KDa. 5. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is the hyaluronic acid having the CAS no. 9004-61-9. 6. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is in the form of a salt, wherein said salt is a hyaluronate of an alkali metal or a hyaluronate of an alkaline earth metal; said salt is preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of sodium hyaluronate, potassium hyaluronate, calcium hyaluronate and magnesium hyaluronate. 7. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said salt is sodium hyaluronate; it is preferably sodium hyaluronate having CAS no. 9067-32-7. 8. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, is a chondroitin or a chondroitin sulphate or a chondroitin sulphate sodium, wherein said chondroitin is of animal origin or of another origin, wherein said chondroitin of animal origin is extracted from an animal selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: chickens, bovines, swine, fish and crustaceans, preferably crabs, lobsters or prawn shells. 9. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, has an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, preferably has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to 600 KDa. 10. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin is a chondroitin sulphate; preferably, said chondroitin sulphate is at least 90% chicken chondroitin sulphate sodium. 11. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said mixture can also comprise a basic substance with antacid properties; preferably, said substance with antacid properties is a substance selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of a salt of a cation of an alkali metal, or a cation of an alkaline earth metal, or a cation of a metal (III) wherein said salt is in the form of an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a silicate, a trisilicate, a sulphate or a citrate. 12. The composition for use according to claim 11, wherein said cation of an alkali metal, or a cation of an alkaline earth metal, or a cation of a metal (III) present in said salt as a basic substance with antacid properties is selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: sodium cation, potassium cation, calcium cation, magnesium cation or aluminium cation; said cation of an alkaline earth metal is preferably the magnesium cation. 13. The composition for use according to claim 11, wherein said salt, as a basic substance with antacid properties, is selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or, magnesium trisilicate or mixtures thereof; said salt is preferably magnesium trisilicate in a hydrate form, such as CAS no. 14987-04-3 (EINECS no. 239-076-7); said salt is preferably aluminium hydroxide on its own or aluminium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight; or magnesium hydroxide on its own or magnesium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight; or magnesium trisilicate on its own or magnesium trisilicate and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight. 14. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said mixture can further comprise also a proton pump inhibitor compound PPI; said proton pump inhibitor compound is selected from the group comprising, or alternatively, consisting of: omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole sodium, ilaprazole and tenatoprazole, more preferably omeprazole. 15. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said composition is administered to subjects who also undergo a concomitant treatment with PPIs; the PPIs are preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole sodium, ilaprazole and tenatoprazole. 16. A method of treatment, comprising:
orally administering a composition of claim 1 to a subject, wherein the subject has: i) a disorder or symptom caused or provoked by gastroesophageal reflux (GERD); ii) an extraesophageal disorders or symptom caused by the upflow of gastric contents and/or gastric vapours from the stomach to the oral cavity (also known as refluxate, which comprises pepsin, acid and/or mildly acidic or non-acidic but irritating contents); or iii) an ulcer or laceration provoked in the gastric mucosa (stomach lining), in the esophageal mucosa, in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa or in the tissues lining the oral cavity, so as to protect the mucosa and the tissues from the damage provoked thereto. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, both have an average molecular weight comprised from greater than 1 KDa to less than 1,000 KDa. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein said hyaluronic acid is a linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; more preferably said linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to about 600 KDa. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein said hyaluronic acid is the hyaluronic acid having the CAS no. 9004-61-9. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein said hyaluronic acid is in the form of a salt, wherein said salt is a hyaluronate of an alkali metal or a hyaluronate of an alkaline earth metal; said salt is preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of sodium hyaluronate, potassium hyaluronate, calcium hyaluronate and magnesium hyaluronate. | The present invention relates to a suckable and/or melt-in-mouth tablet based on hyaluronic chondroitin sulphate and/or salts thereof.1. A composition for oral use in the solid form of a suckable and/or melt-in-mouth and/or mouth dissolving tablet or the like, comprising:
I) a mixture which comprises or, alternatively, consists of:
a hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and
a chondroitin, or a salt thereof
and, optionally, II) at least one food or pharmaceutical grade excipient or additive; said composition being for use:
i) in a method for the treatment of disorders or symptoms caused or provoked by gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), or
ii) in a method for the treatment of extraesophageal disorders or symptoms caused by the upflow of gastric contents and/or gastric vapours from the stomach to the oral cavity (also known as refluxate, which comprises pepsin, acid and/or mildly acidic or non-acidic but irritating contents), or
iii) in a method for the treatment of ulcers or lacerations provoked in the gastric mucosa (stomach lining), in the esophageal mucosa, in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa or in the tissues lining the oral cavity, so as to protect the mucosa and the tissues from the damage provoked thereto
in subjects in a state of need for said treatments. 2. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said solid form of a chewable and/or suckable and/or melt-in-mouth and/or orally dissolving tablet, or the like, has the function of causing the dissolution of at least said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof and in the saliva of the subjects to whom said composition is administered so as to form a viscous gel that adheres to the mucosa of the various anatomical parts from the oral cavity to the stomach by swallowing of said gel. 3. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, both have an average molecular weight comprised from greater than 1 KDa to less than 1,000 KDa. 4. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is a linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; more preferably said linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to about 600 KDa. 5. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is the hyaluronic acid having the CAS no. 9004-61-9. 6. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is in the form of a salt, wherein said salt is a hyaluronate of an alkali metal or a hyaluronate of an alkaline earth metal; said salt is preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of sodium hyaluronate, potassium hyaluronate, calcium hyaluronate and magnesium hyaluronate. 7. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said salt is sodium hyaluronate; it is preferably sodium hyaluronate having CAS no. 9067-32-7. 8. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, is a chondroitin or a chondroitin sulphate or a chondroitin sulphate sodium, wherein said chondroitin is of animal origin or of another origin, wherein said chondroitin of animal origin is extracted from an animal selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: chickens, bovines, swine, fish and crustaceans, preferably crabs, lobsters or prawn shells. 9. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, has an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, preferably has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to 600 KDa. 10. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin is a chondroitin sulphate; preferably, said chondroitin sulphate is at least 90% chicken chondroitin sulphate sodium. 11. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said mixture can also comprise a basic substance with antacid properties; preferably, said substance with antacid properties is a substance selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of a salt of a cation of an alkali metal, or a cation of an alkaline earth metal, or a cation of a metal (III) wherein said salt is in the form of an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a silicate, a trisilicate, a sulphate or a citrate. 12. The composition for use according to claim 11, wherein said cation of an alkali metal, or a cation of an alkaline earth metal, or a cation of a metal (III) present in said salt as a basic substance with antacid properties is selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: sodium cation, potassium cation, calcium cation, magnesium cation or aluminium cation; said cation of an alkaline earth metal is preferably the magnesium cation. 13. The composition for use according to claim 11, wherein said salt, as a basic substance with antacid properties, is selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or, magnesium trisilicate or mixtures thereof; said salt is preferably magnesium trisilicate in a hydrate form, such as CAS no. 14987-04-3 (EINECS no. 239-076-7); said salt is preferably aluminium hydroxide on its own or aluminium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight; or magnesium hydroxide on its own or magnesium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight; or magnesium trisilicate on its own or magnesium trisilicate and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight. 14. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said mixture can further comprise also a proton pump inhibitor compound PPI; said proton pump inhibitor compound is selected from the group comprising, or alternatively, consisting of: omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole sodium, ilaprazole and tenatoprazole, more preferably omeprazole. 15. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said composition is administered to subjects who also undergo a concomitant treatment with PPIs; the PPIs are preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole sodium, ilaprazole and tenatoprazole. 16. A method of treatment, comprising:
orally administering a composition of claim 1 to a subject, wherein the subject has: i) a disorder or symptom caused or provoked by gastroesophageal reflux (GERD); ii) an extraesophageal disorders or symptom caused by the upflow of gastric contents and/or gastric vapours from the stomach to the oral cavity (also known as refluxate, which comprises pepsin, acid and/or mildly acidic or non-acidic but irritating contents); or iii) an ulcer or laceration provoked in the gastric mucosa (stomach lining), in the esophageal mucosa, in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa or in the tissues lining the oral cavity, so as to protect the mucosa and the tissues from the damage provoked thereto. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, both have an average molecular weight comprised from greater than 1 KDa to less than 1,000 KDa. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein said hyaluronic acid is a linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; more preferably said linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to about 600 KDa. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein said hyaluronic acid is the hyaluronic acid having the CAS no. 9004-61-9. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein said hyaluronic acid is in the form of a salt, wherein said salt is a hyaluronate of an alkali metal or a hyaluronate of an alkaline earth metal; said salt is preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of sodium hyaluronate, potassium hyaluronate, calcium hyaluronate and magnesium hyaluronate. | 1,700 |
349,326 | 350,200 | 16,757,996 | 1,748 | The present invention relates to a chewable and/or suckable and/or melt-in-mouth tablet based on hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate and/or salts thereof. | 1. A composition for oral use in the solid form of a suckable and/or melt-in-mouth and/or mouth dissolving tablet or the like, comprising:
I) a mixture which comprises or, alternatively, consists of:
a hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and
a chondroitin, or a salt thereof and, optionally,
a basic substance with antacid properties selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of a salt of a cation of an alkali metal or of a cation of an alkaline earth metal or of a cation of a metal (III), wherein said salt is in the form of an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a silicate, a trisilicate, a sulphate or a citrate, and, optionally,
a proton pump inhibitor compound—PPI selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole sodium, ilaprazole and tenatoprazole;
and, optionally, II) at least one food or pharmaceutical grade excipient or additive; 2. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said solid form of a solid form of a chewable and/or suckable and/or melt-in-mouth and/or orally dissolving tablet, or the like, has the function of causing the dissolution of
said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof and, optionally, said basic substance with antacid properties and, optionally, said proton pump inhibitor compound—PPI 3. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, both have an average molecular weight comprised from greater than about 1 KDa to less than about 1,000 KDa. 4. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is a linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; more preferably said linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to 600 KDa. 5. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is the hyaluronic acid having the CAS no. 9004-61-9. 6. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is in the form of a salt, wherein said salt of hyaluronic acid is a hyaluronate of an alkali metal or a hyaluronate of an alkaline earth metal; said salt of hyaluronic acid is preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of sodium hyaluronate, potassium hyaluronate, calcium hyaluronate and magnesium hyaluronate. 7. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said salt of hyaluronic acid is sodium hyaluronate; it is preferably sodium hyaluronate having CAS no. 9067-32-7. 8. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, is a chondroitin or a chondroitin sulphate or a chondroitin sulphate sodium, wherein said chondroitin is of animal origin or of another origin, wherein said chondroitin of animal origin is extracted from an animal selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: chickens, bovines, swine, fish and crustaceans, preferably crabs, lobsters or prawn shells. 9. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, has an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, preferably as an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to 600 KDa. 10. the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin is a chondroitin sulphate; preferably, said chondroitin sulphate is at least 90% chicken chondroitin sulphate sodium. 11. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said cation of an alkali metal, or cation of an alkaline earth metal, or cation of a metal (III) present in said salt as a basic substance with antacid properties is selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: sodium cation, potassium cation, calcium cation, magnesium cation or aluminium cation; said cation of an alkaline earth metal is preferably the magnesium cation. 12. The composition for use according to claim 11, wherein said salt, as a basic substance with antacid properties, is selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate and mixtures thereof; said salt is preferably magnesium trisilicate or magnesium trisilicate in a hydrate form, preferably magnesium trisilicate hydrate having the CAS no. 14987-04-3 (EINECS no. 239-076-7); said salt is preferably aluminium hydroxide on its own or aluminium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight; or magnesium hydroxide on its own or magnesium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight; or magnesium trisilicate on its own or magnesium trisilicate and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight. 13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said mixture is present in said composition in an amount comprised from 10% by weight to 80% by weight, relative to the final weight of the composition; said mixture is preferably present in said composition in an amount comprised from 30% by weight to 60% by weight, relative to the final weight of the composition. 14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said mixture comprises or, alternatively, consists of:
a hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, in an amount comprised from 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight; preferably from 0.5% by weight to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture; a chondroitin, or a salt thereof, in an amount comprised from 20% by weight to 80% by weight; preferably from 30% by weight to 70% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture and, optionally; an antacid substance in an amount comprised from 10% by weight to 50% by weight; preferably from 20% by weight to 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture and, optionally; a proton pump inhibitor compound, in an amount comprised from 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture; preferably from 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture. 15. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said subjects belong to a sub-population of patients diagnosed with GERD who have proven to be nonresponsive or poorly responsive to previous treatments carried out by administering alginates, wherein said alginates are preferably sodium alginate or potassium alginate or magnesium alginate. 16. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for use in subjects who also undergo a concomitant treatment with PPIs; the PPIs are preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole sodium, ilaprazole and tenatoprazole, more preferably omeprazole. 17. The composition according to claim 15, wherein said subjects belong to a sub-population of patients diagnosed with GERD have proven to be nonresponsive or poorly responsive to previous treatments carried out by administering alginates and who are treated with PPIs. 18. A method of treatment comprising:
orally administering a composition of claim 1 to a subject, wherein the subject has:
i) a disorder or symptom caused or provoked by gastroesophageal reflux (GERD);
ii) an extraesophageal disorders or symptoms caused by the upflow of gastric contents and/or gastric vapours from the stomach to the oral cavity (also known as refluxate, which comprises pepsin, acid and/or mildly acidic or non-acidic but irritating contents); or
iii) ulcers or lacerations provoked in the gastric mucosa (stomach lining), in the esophageal mucosa, in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa or in the tissues lining the oral cavity, so as to protect the mucosa and the tissues from the damage provoked thereto;
wherein the subject have proven to be nonresponsive or poorly responsive to previous treatments carried out by administering alginates, wherein said alginates are preferably sodium alginate or potassium alginate or magnesium alginate. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, both have an average molecular weight comprised from greater than about 1 KDa to less than about 1,000 KDa. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein said hyaluronic acid is a linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; more preferably said linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to 600 KDa. | The present invention relates to a chewable and/or suckable and/or melt-in-mouth tablet based on hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate and/or salts thereof.1. A composition for oral use in the solid form of a suckable and/or melt-in-mouth and/or mouth dissolving tablet or the like, comprising:
I) a mixture which comprises or, alternatively, consists of:
a hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and
a chondroitin, or a salt thereof and, optionally,
a basic substance with antacid properties selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of a salt of a cation of an alkali metal or of a cation of an alkaline earth metal or of a cation of a metal (III), wherein said salt is in the form of an oxide, a hydroxide, a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a silicate, a trisilicate, a sulphate or a citrate, and, optionally,
a proton pump inhibitor compound—PPI selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole sodium, ilaprazole and tenatoprazole;
and, optionally, II) at least one food or pharmaceutical grade excipient or additive; 2. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said solid form of a solid form of a chewable and/or suckable and/or melt-in-mouth and/or orally dissolving tablet, or the like, has the function of causing the dissolution of
said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof and, optionally, said basic substance with antacid properties and, optionally, said proton pump inhibitor compound—PPI 3. A composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, both have an average molecular weight comprised from greater than about 1 KDa to less than about 1,000 KDa. 4. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is a linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; more preferably said linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to 600 KDa. 5. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is the hyaluronic acid having the CAS no. 9004-61-9. 6. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said hyaluronic acid is in the form of a salt, wherein said salt of hyaluronic acid is a hyaluronate of an alkali metal or a hyaluronate of an alkaline earth metal; said salt of hyaluronic acid is preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of sodium hyaluronate, potassium hyaluronate, calcium hyaluronate and magnesium hyaluronate. 7. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said salt of hyaluronic acid is sodium hyaluronate; it is preferably sodium hyaluronate having CAS no. 9067-32-7. 8. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, is a chondroitin or a chondroitin sulphate or a chondroitin sulphate sodium, wherein said chondroitin is of animal origin or of another origin, wherein said chondroitin of animal origin is extracted from an animal selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: chickens, bovines, swine, fish and crustaceans, preferably crabs, lobsters or prawn shells. 9. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, has an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, preferably as an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to 600 KDa. 10. the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said chondroitin is a chondroitin sulphate; preferably, said chondroitin sulphate is at least 90% chicken chondroitin sulphate sodium. 11. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said cation of an alkali metal, or cation of an alkaline earth metal, or cation of a metal (III) present in said salt as a basic substance with antacid properties is selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: sodium cation, potassium cation, calcium cation, magnesium cation or aluminium cation; said cation of an alkaline earth metal is preferably the magnesium cation. 12. The composition for use according to claim 11, wherein said salt, as a basic substance with antacid properties, is selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate and mixtures thereof; said salt is preferably magnesium trisilicate or magnesium trisilicate in a hydrate form, preferably magnesium trisilicate hydrate having the CAS no. 14987-04-3 (EINECS no. 239-076-7); said salt is preferably aluminium hydroxide on its own or aluminium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight; or magnesium hydroxide on its own or magnesium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight; or magnesium trisilicate on its own or magnesium trisilicate and sodium bicarbonate in a 2:1 ratio by weight. 13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said mixture is present in said composition in an amount comprised from 10% by weight to 80% by weight, relative to the final weight of the composition; said mixture is preferably present in said composition in an amount comprised from 30% by weight to 60% by weight, relative to the final weight of the composition. 14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said mixture comprises or, alternatively, consists of:
a hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, in an amount comprised from 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight; preferably from 0.5% by weight to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture; a chondroitin, or a salt thereof, in an amount comprised from 20% by weight to 80% by weight; preferably from 30% by weight to 70% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture and, optionally; an antacid substance in an amount comprised from 10% by weight to 50% by weight; preferably from 20% by weight to 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture and, optionally; a proton pump inhibitor compound, in an amount comprised from 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture; preferably from 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mixture. 15. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said subjects belong to a sub-population of patients diagnosed with GERD who have proven to be nonresponsive or poorly responsive to previous treatments carried out by administering alginates, wherein said alginates are preferably sodium alginate or potassium alginate or magnesium alginate. 16. The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for use in subjects who also undergo a concomitant treatment with PPIs; the PPIs are preferably selected from the group comprising or, alternatively, consisting of: omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole sodium, ilaprazole and tenatoprazole, more preferably omeprazole. 17. The composition according to claim 15, wherein said subjects belong to a sub-population of patients diagnosed with GERD have proven to be nonresponsive or poorly responsive to previous treatments carried out by administering alginates and who are treated with PPIs. 18. A method of treatment comprising:
orally administering a composition of claim 1 to a subject, wherein the subject has:
i) a disorder or symptom caused or provoked by gastroesophageal reflux (GERD);
ii) an extraesophageal disorders or symptoms caused by the upflow of gastric contents and/or gastric vapours from the stomach to the oral cavity (also known as refluxate, which comprises pepsin, acid and/or mildly acidic or non-acidic but irritating contents); or
iii) ulcers or lacerations provoked in the gastric mucosa (stomach lining), in the esophageal mucosa, in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa or in the tissues lining the oral cavity, so as to protect the mucosa and the tissues from the damage provoked thereto;
wherein the subject have proven to be nonresponsive or poorly responsive to previous treatments carried out by administering alginates, wherein said alginates are preferably sodium alginate or potassium alginate or magnesium alginate. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said hyaluronic acid, or a salt thereof, and said chondroitin, or a salt thereof, both have an average molecular weight comprised from greater than about 1 KDa to less than about 1,000 KDa. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein said hyaluronic acid is a linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid having an average molecular weight comprised from 200 KDa to 800 KDa; more preferably said linear, branched, cross-linked or substituted hyaluronic acid has an average molecular weight comprised from 400 KDa to 600 KDa. | 1,700 |
349,327 | 350,201 | 16,757,975 | 1,748 | A method for restoring images in a sequence of images, including, when it is applied to a first image in the image sequence: estimating an item of information representing a global motion of a background of the first image with respect to a second image; compensating for said global motion of the background in the second image in order to obtain an adjusted version of the second image, referred to as the adjusted second image; obtaining a contour of an object of the first image by applying a segmentation method using the adjusted second image; using the contour of the object thus obtained in order to estimate an item of information representing a global motion of the object; and applying to the first image an image restoration method using the information representing the estimated global motion of the background and the estimated global motion of the object. | 1. A method for restoring images in a sequence of images comprising a first image and a second image preceding said first image, said first and second images comprising an object in motion on a background, wherein the method comprises, when it is applied to a first image in the sequence of images:
estimating an item of information representing a global motion of a background of the first image with respect to a second image; compensating for the global motion of the background in the second image using said item of information representing the global motion of the background in order to obtain an adjusted version of the second image, referred to as the adjusted second image; obtaining a contour of said object in the first image by applying a segmentation method, said segmentation method being iterative and comprising, during an iteration,
a modification of a contour of the object in the first image obtained during a previous iteration of said segmentation method, referred to as the previous contour, so as to obtain a contour of the object in the first image, referred to as the current contour, such that a cost of the current contour is lower than a cost of the previous contour, a final contour of the object being obtained when a predefined condition for stoppage of said segmentation method is met,
the cost of a contour of the object in the first image being a sum between a first value representing an energy internal to said contour and a second value representing an energy external to said contour,
the energy external to said contour being equal to a weighted sum of an energy dependent on a global motion of the object between the first image and the adjusted second image and an energy, referred to as the contour energy, corresponding to a sum of values of gradient moduli calculated for pixels in a second set of pixels belonging to the current contour of the object;
a value representing the energy dependent on a global motion of the object between the first image and the second image being calculated in the form of a sum of differences between values representing pixels in a first set of pixels of the first image belonging to the current contour and values representing pixels situated at the same spatial positions as the pixels in the first set of pixels in the second image;
estimating an item of information representing a global motion of the object delimited by said contour obtained; and applying to the first image an image restoration method for replacing, for at least each pixel of the first image belonging to the object delimited by said contour obtained, each component of said pixel with a component equal to a weighted sum of said component of said pixel and of at least one component of a pixel of at least the second image matched with said pixel of the first image using the information representing the estimated global motion of the background and the estimated global motion of the object. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in order to calculate the value representing the energy internal to the current contour, a first local derivative and a second local derivative of the contour are calculated for pixels in a third set of pixels of the current image belonging to the current contour of the object, said value representing the internal energy being a function of said calculated derivatives. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first, second and third sets of pixels are identical, and each set comprises at least one subpart of the pixels of the current image belonging to the current contour of the object. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during a first iteration of said method, an initial contour of the object in the current image is obtained from a final contour obtained during an application of the segmentation method to the reference image or from a contour specified by an operator in the reference image. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during each estimation of an item of information representing a global motion, an item of information representing the form and the position of the object is obtained, said information representing the form and the position of the object being used for masking pixels that are not to be taken into account in said estimation. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, following the estimation of said item of information representing the global motion of the object, referred to as the first item of information, a filtering is applied to said first item of information in order to guarantee regular variations in the motion of the object between two successive images in the sequence of images, said filtering comprising the following steps:
determining a first matrix for estimating a motion of the object in a reference frame centred on a barycentre of the object in the first image and a second matrix for estimating a motion of the object in a reference frame centred on a barycentre of the object in the adjusted second image; using the first and second matrices for calculating an item of information representing the motion of the object in said reference frame, referred to as the second item of information, from said first item of information; using the second item of information for obtaining a third matrix representing translation components of the motion of the object; using the second item of information and the third matrix for obtaining a fourth matrix representing components of the motion of the object other than the translation components; obtaining a filtered version of the third matrix, referred to as the filtered third matrix, by calculating a weighted sum between the third matrix and a previous filtered third matrix obtained when said method is implemented on the second image; obtaining a filtered version of the fourth matrix, referred to as the current filtered fourth matrix, by calculating a weighted sum between the fourth matrix and a previous filtered fourth matrix obtained when the method is implemented on the second image; and obtaining an item of information representing a filtered global motion of the object by using the first and second matrices, the current filtered third matrix and the current filtered fourth matrix. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second item of information is calculated as follows:
dH k Object =V k −1 ·dH k Object ·V k-1 where Vk is the first matrix, Vk-1 is the second matrix, dHk Object the first item of information and dHk Object the second item of information. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the third matrix is calculated as follows:
H k t=ApproxT(V k −1 ·dH k Object ·V k-1) where Hk t is the third matrix and ApproxT(X) is an approximation in translation of the homographic matrix X. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the fourth matrix is calculated as follows:
H k h =H k t−1 ·V k −1 ·dH k Object ·V k-1 where Hk h is the fourth matrix. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the current filtered third matrix is calculated as follows:
H k t Filt =α·H k-1 t Filt +(1−α)H k t
where Hk t Filt is the current filtered third matrix, Hk-1 t Filt is the previous filtered third matrix obtained when said method is implemented on the second image and α is a predefined constant lying between 0 and 1. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the current filtered fourth matrix is calculated as follows:
H k h Filt =β·1+(1−β)H k h
where Hk h Filt is the current filtered fourth matrix, I is an identity matrix and β is a predefined constant lying between 0 and 1. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the item of information representing a filtered global motion of the object is calculated as follows:
dH k Object Filt =V k ·H k t Filt ·H k h Filt ·V k-1 −1. 13. A device for restoring images in a sequence of images comprising a first image and a second image preceding said first image, said first and second images comprising an object in motion on a background, wherein the device comprises, when it is applied to a first image in the sequence of images electronic circuitry for:
estimating an item of information representing a global motion of a background of the first image with respect to a second image; compensating for the global motion of the background in the second image using said item of information representing the global motion of the background in order to obtain an adjusted version of the second image, referred to as the adjusted second image; obtaining a contour of said object of the first image by applying a segmentation method, said segmentation method being iterative and comprising, during an iteration, modifying a contour of the object in the first image obtained during a previous iteration of said segmentation method, referred to as the previous contour, so as to obtain a contour of the object in the first image, referred to as the current contour, such that a cost of the current contour is lower than a cost of the previous contour, a final contour of the object being obtained when a predefined condition for stoppage of said segmentation method is met, the cost of a contour of the object in the first image being a sum between a first value representing an energy internal to said contour and a second value representing an energy external to said contour, the energy external to said contour being equal to a weighted sum of an energy dependent on a global motion of the object between the first image and the adjusted second image and an energy, referred to as the contour energy, corresponding to a sum of values of gradient moduli calculated for pixels in a second set of pixels belonging to the current contour of the object; a value representing the energy dependent on a global motion of the object between the first image and the second image being calculated in the form of a sum of differences between values representing pixels in a first set of pixels of the first image belonging to the current contour and values representing pixels situated at the same spatial positions as the pixels in the first set of pixels in the second image; estimating an item of information representing a global motion of the object delimited by said contour obtained; and applying an image restoration method for applying to the first image an image restoration method for replacing, for at least each pixel of the first image belonging to the object delimited by said contour obtained, each component of said pixel with a component equal to a weighted sum of said component of said pixel and of at least one component of a pixel of at least the second image matched with said pixel of the first image using the information representing the estimated global motion of the background and the estimated global motion of the object. 14. (canceled) 15. A non transitory storage medium storing a computer program comprising instructions for implementing, by a device (52), the method according to claim 1, when said program is executed by a processor of said device. | A method for restoring images in a sequence of images, including, when it is applied to a first image in the image sequence: estimating an item of information representing a global motion of a background of the first image with respect to a second image; compensating for said global motion of the background in the second image in order to obtain an adjusted version of the second image, referred to as the adjusted second image; obtaining a contour of an object of the first image by applying a segmentation method using the adjusted second image; using the contour of the object thus obtained in order to estimate an item of information representing a global motion of the object; and applying to the first image an image restoration method using the information representing the estimated global motion of the background and the estimated global motion of the object.1. A method for restoring images in a sequence of images comprising a first image and a second image preceding said first image, said first and second images comprising an object in motion on a background, wherein the method comprises, when it is applied to a first image in the sequence of images:
estimating an item of information representing a global motion of a background of the first image with respect to a second image; compensating for the global motion of the background in the second image using said item of information representing the global motion of the background in order to obtain an adjusted version of the second image, referred to as the adjusted second image; obtaining a contour of said object in the first image by applying a segmentation method, said segmentation method being iterative and comprising, during an iteration,
a modification of a contour of the object in the first image obtained during a previous iteration of said segmentation method, referred to as the previous contour, so as to obtain a contour of the object in the first image, referred to as the current contour, such that a cost of the current contour is lower than a cost of the previous contour, a final contour of the object being obtained when a predefined condition for stoppage of said segmentation method is met,
the cost of a contour of the object in the first image being a sum between a first value representing an energy internal to said contour and a second value representing an energy external to said contour,
the energy external to said contour being equal to a weighted sum of an energy dependent on a global motion of the object between the first image and the adjusted second image and an energy, referred to as the contour energy, corresponding to a sum of values of gradient moduli calculated for pixels in a second set of pixels belonging to the current contour of the object;
a value representing the energy dependent on a global motion of the object between the first image and the second image being calculated in the form of a sum of differences between values representing pixels in a first set of pixels of the first image belonging to the current contour and values representing pixels situated at the same spatial positions as the pixels in the first set of pixels in the second image;
estimating an item of information representing a global motion of the object delimited by said contour obtained; and applying to the first image an image restoration method for replacing, for at least each pixel of the first image belonging to the object delimited by said contour obtained, each component of said pixel with a component equal to a weighted sum of said component of said pixel and of at least one component of a pixel of at least the second image matched with said pixel of the first image using the information representing the estimated global motion of the background and the estimated global motion of the object. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in order to calculate the value representing the energy internal to the current contour, a first local derivative and a second local derivative of the contour are calculated for pixels in a third set of pixels of the current image belonging to the current contour of the object, said value representing the internal energy being a function of said calculated derivatives. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first, second and third sets of pixels are identical, and each set comprises at least one subpart of the pixels of the current image belonging to the current contour of the object. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during a first iteration of said method, an initial contour of the object in the current image is obtained from a final contour obtained during an application of the segmentation method to the reference image or from a contour specified by an operator in the reference image. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during each estimation of an item of information representing a global motion, an item of information representing the form and the position of the object is obtained, said information representing the form and the position of the object being used for masking pixels that are not to be taken into account in said estimation. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, following the estimation of said item of information representing the global motion of the object, referred to as the first item of information, a filtering is applied to said first item of information in order to guarantee regular variations in the motion of the object between two successive images in the sequence of images, said filtering comprising the following steps:
determining a first matrix for estimating a motion of the object in a reference frame centred on a barycentre of the object in the first image and a second matrix for estimating a motion of the object in a reference frame centred on a barycentre of the object in the adjusted second image; using the first and second matrices for calculating an item of information representing the motion of the object in said reference frame, referred to as the second item of information, from said first item of information; using the second item of information for obtaining a third matrix representing translation components of the motion of the object; using the second item of information and the third matrix for obtaining a fourth matrix representing components of the motion of the object other than the translation components; obtaining a filtered version of the third matrix, referred to as the filtered third matrix, by calculating a weighted sum between the third matrix and a previous filtered third matrix obtained when said method is implemented on the second image; obtaining a filtered version of the fourth matrix, referred to as the current filtered fourth matrix, by calculating a weighted sum between the fourth matrix and a previous filtered fourth matrix obtained when the method is implemented on the second image; and obtaining an item of information representing a filtered global motion of the object by using the first and second matrices, the current filtered third matrix and the current filtered fourth matrix. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second item of information is calculated as follows:
dH k Object =V k −1 ·dH k Object ·V k-1 where Vk is the first matrix, Vk-1 is the second matrix, dHk Object the first item of information and dHk Object the second item of information. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the third matrix is calculated as follows:
H k t=ApproxT(V k −1 ·dH k Object ·V k-1) where Hk t is the third matrix and ApproxT(X) is an approximation in translation of the homographic matrix X. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the fourth matrix is calculated as follows:
H k h =H k t−1 ·V k −1 ·dH k Object ·V k-1 where Hk h is the fourth matrix. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the current filtered third matrix is calculated as follows:
H k t Filt =α·H k-1 t Filt +(1−α)H k t
where Hk t Filt is the current filtered third matrix, Hk-1 t Filt is the previous filtered third matrix obtained when said method is implemented on the second image and α is a predefined constant lying between 0 and 1. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the current filtered fourth matrix is calculated as follows:
H k h Filt =β·1+(1−β)H k h
where Hk h Filt is the current filtered fourth matrix, I is an identity matrix and β is a predefined constant lying between 0 and 1. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the item of information representing a filtered global motion of the object is calculated as follows:
dH k Object Filt =V k ·H k t Filt ·H k h Filt ·V k-1 −1. 13. A device for restoring images in a sequence of images comprising a first image and a second image preceding said first image, said first and second images comprising an object in motion on a background, wherein the device comprises, when it is applied to a first image in the sequence of images electronic circuitry for:
estimating an item of information representing a global motion of a background of the first image with respect to a second image; compensating for the global motion of the background in the second image using said item of information representing the global motion of the background in order to obtain an adjusted version of the second image, referred to as the adjusted second image; obtaining a contour of said object of the first image by applying a segmentation method, said segmentation method being iterative and comprising, during an iteration, modifying a contour of the object in the first image obtained during a previous iteration of said segmentation method, referred to as the previous contour, so as to obtain a contour of the object in the first image, referred to as the current contour, such that a cost of the current contour is lower than a cost of the previous contour, a final contour of the object being obtained when a predefined condition for stoppage of said segmentation method is met, the cost of a contour of the object in the first image being a sum between a first value representing an energy internal to said contour and a second value representing an energy external to said contour, the energy external to said contour being equal to a weighted sum of an energy dependent on a global motion of the object between the first image and the adjusted second image and an energy, referred to as the contour energy, corresponding to a sum of values of gradient moduli calculated for pixels in a second set of pixels belonging to the current contour of the object; a value representing the energy dependent on a global motion of the object between the first image and the second image being calculated in the form of a sum of differences between values representing pixels in a first set of pixels of the first image belonging to the current contour and values representing pixels situated at the same spatial positions as the pixels in the first set of pixels in the second image; estimating an item of information representing a global motion of the object delimited by said contour obtained; and applying an image restoration method for applying to the first image an image restoration method for replacing, for at least each pixel of the first image belonging to the object delimited by said contour obtained, each component of said pixel with a component equal to a weighted sum of said component of said pixel and of at least one component of a pixel of at least the second image matched with said pixel of the first image using the information representing the estimated global motion of the background and the estimated global motion of the object. 14. (canceled) 15. A non transitory storage medium storing a computer program comprising instructions for implementing, by a device (52), the method according to claim 1, when said program is executed by a processor of said device. | 1,700 |
349,328 | 350,202 | 16,757,986 | 1,748 | An automatic switching device is described to switch on an electric heater based on a user wearing a down jacket and switch off the electric heater based on the user not wearing a down jacket. The automatic switching is based on an image collection unit collecting an image of the user, and an image processing unit processing the image to determine if down jacket is in the image. The image collection unit may be adjusted to a position so that it may collect the image between a shoulder and a waist of the user. The adjustment of the position is based on a measured distance between the image collection unit and a floor by an ultrasonic transducer. Since the velocity of sound in air varies with the ambient temperature, a temperature unit is utilized to detect the ambient temperature so that an accurate velocity of sound may be retrieved from a table. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. An automatic switching device configured to be installed onto an electric heater, wherein the electric heater comprises a base, a body, one or more heating elements, and a power cord configured to be plugged into a power outlet to provide power supply to the electric heater, the automatic switching device comprising:
an image collection unit configured to be installed onto the body of the electric heater, and configured to collect an image of a user from where the electric heater is situated; an ultrasonic transmitting unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, and configured to transmit an ultrasonic signal towards a floor; an ultrasonic receiving unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit and next to the ultrasonic transmitting unit, and configured to receive the ultrasonic signal reflected from the floor; a temperature unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, the temperature unit comprising:
a temperature sensor configured to detect an ambient air temperature around where the electric heater is situated; and
a non-volatile storage medium storing a table of velocities of sound in air corresponding to different temperatures;
an embedded processor configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, and configured to calculate a distance between the image collection unit and the floor based on:
a velocity of sound in air based on a comparison of a temperature detected by the temperature sensor and the table of velocities of sound in air corresponding to different temperatures; and
a period of time from a time the ultrasonic signal is transmitted by the ultrasonic transmitting unit towards the floor to a time the ultrasonic signal is reflected from the floor and received by the ultrasonic receiving unit;
an adjustment unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, and configured to adjust, based on the calculated distance between the image collection unit and the floor, a position of the image collection unit such as that the image collection unit may collect the image of the user between a shoulder and a waist of the user, wherein the adjusting the position of the image collection unit comprises adjusting the position of the image collection unit to a predetermined position stored in the non-volatile storage medium; an image processing unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, and configured to process the image of the user to determine whether the user is wearing a down jacket, the image processing unit comprising:
a homomorphic filtering device configured to be coupled to the image collection unit, and configured to receive the image of the user and execute a homomorphic filtering process of the image to obtain a corresponding homomorphically filtered image, wherein the higher the noise of the image is, the greater the homomorphic filtering of the image is;
an equalization processing device configured to be coupled to the homomorphic filtering device, and configured to receive the homomorphically filtered image and execute a histogram equalization process of the homomorphically filtered image to obtain a corresponding histogram equalization image;
a first threshold fetching device configured to be coupled to the equalization processing device, and configured to receive the histogram equalization image and confirm an overall division threshold corresponding to the histogram equalization image based on a distribution of a pixel value of each pixel in the histogram equalization image;
a first parameter analysis device configured to be coupled to the equalization processing device, and configured to receive the histogram equalization image and execute a contrast analysis of the histogram equalization image to obtain and output a corresponding contrast;
a first division processing device configured to be coupled to the first parameter analysis device, and configured to receive the contrast and execute an image division process of the histogram equalization image based on the contrast to obtain a plurality of sub-images, wherein the higher the contrast is, the larger the quantity of the sub-images is;
a second threshold fetching device configured to be coupled to the first division processing device, and configured to receive the plurality of sub-images and confirm a sub-area division threshold corresponding to each of the sub-images based on a distribution of a pixel value of each pixel in each sub-image;
a first numerical value adjusting device configured to be coupled to the second threshold fetching device and the first threshold fetching device, and configured to receive the overall division threshold and each sub-area division threshold and execute a numerical value adjustment for each sub-area division threshold based on the overall division threshold to obtain an adjusted sub-area division threshold for each sub-image;
a second division processing device configured to be coupled to the first numerical value adjusting device, and configured to execute a combining process of each of the sub-images with a high adjusted sub-area division threshold to obtain a combined image;
a linear filter device configured to be coupled to the second division processing device, and configured to receive the combined image and execute a linear filtering process of the combined image to obtain and output a corresponding linearly filtered image;
a signal recognition device configured to be coupled to the linear filter device, and configured to receive the linearly filtered image, recognize an edge resolution of the linearly filtered image, issue a strong edge control signal when the edge resolution is over-limit, and issue a weak edge control signal when the edge resolution is not over-limit;
a trigger processing device configured to be coupled to the signal recognition device, and configured to execute an edge enhancement of the linear filtered image corresponding to the edge resolution when receiving the weak edge control signal, wherein the larger the edge resolution of the trigger processing device, the smaller the strength of the edge enhancement of the linear filtered image corresponding to the edge resolution, and output a trigger processing image obtained after executing the edge enhancement of the linear filtered image corresponding to the edge resolution; and
an object recognition device configured to be coupled to the trigger processing device, and configured to receive the trigger processing image, execute an object recognition of the trigger processing image in order to recognize each object pattern from the trigger processing image, and use an image characteristic of each object pattern as an input of a neural network, wherein the neural network uses each trained parameter to output an object type corresponding to each object pattern, wherein the object recognition device outputs a down jacket existence signal when the object type corresponding to the object pattern is a down jacket, and wherein the object recognition device further outputs a down jacket non-existence signal when the object type corresponding to the object pattern is a non-down jacket; and
a switching unit configured to switch on the electric heater after receiving the down jacket existence signal. 10. The automatic switching device of claim 9, wherein the trigger processing device is configured to stop the implementation of the linear filtered image and the corresponding edge enhancement of the edge resolution when receiving the strong edge control signal. 11. The automatic switching device of claim 9, wherein the executing the numerical value adjustment for each sub-area division threshold to obtain the adjusted sub-area division threshold for each sub-image is further based on a difference between the overall division threshold and each sub-area division threshold. 12. The automatic switching device of claim 11, wherein the executing the numerical value adjustment for each sub-area division threshold to obtain the adjusted sub-area division threshold for each sub-image is further based on a condition that the each adjusted sub-area division threshold is equal to one quarter of the sum of each sub-area division threshold and the difference between the overall division threshold and each sub-area division threshold. | An automatic switching device is described to switch on an electric heater based on a user wearing a down jacket and switch off the electric heater based on the user not wearing a down jacket. The automatic switching is based on an image collection unit collecting an image of the user, and an image processing unit processing the image to determine if down jacket is in the image. The image collection unit may be adjusted to a position so that it may collect the image between a shoulder and a waist of the user. The adjustment of the position is based on a measured distance between the image collection unit and a floor by an ultrasonic transducer. Since the velocity of sound in air varies with the ambient temperature, a temperature unit is utilized to detect the ambient temperature so that an accurate velocity of sound may be retrieved from a table.1-8. (canceled) 9. An automatic switching device configured to be installed onto an electric heater, wherein the electric heater comprises a base, a body, one or more heating elements, and a power cord configured to be plugged into a power outlet to provide power supply to the electric heater, the automatic switching device comprising:
an image collection unit configured to be installed onto the body of the electric heater, and configured to collect an image of a user from where the electric heater is situated; an ultrasonic transmitting unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, and configured to transmit an ultrasonic signal towards a floor; an ultrasonic receiving unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit and next to the ultrasonic transmitting unit, and configured to receive the ultrasonic signal reflected from the floor; a temperature unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, the temperature unit comprising:
a temperature sensor configured to detect an ambient air temperature around where the electric heater is situated; and
a non-volatile storage medium storing a table of velocities of sound in air corresponding to different temperatures;
an embedded processor configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, and configured to calculate a distance between the image collection unit and the floor based on:
a velocity of sound in air based on a comparison of a temperature detected by the temperature sensor and the table of velocities of sound in air corresponding to different temperatures; and
a period of time from a time the ultrasonic signal is transmitted by the ultrasonic transmitting unit towards the floor to a time the ultrasonic signal is reflected from the floor and received by the ultrasonic receiving unit;
an adjustment unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, and configured to adjust, based on the calculated distance between the image collection unit and the floor, a position of the image collection unit such as that the image collection unit may collect the image of the user between a shoulder and a waist of the user, wherein the adjusting the position of the image collection unit comprises adjusting the position of the image collection unit to a predetermined position stored in the non-volatile storage medium; an image processing unit configured to be installed onto the image collection unit, and configured to process the image of the user to determine whether the user is wearing a down jacket, the image processing unit comprising:
a homomorphic filtering device configured to be coupled to the image collection unit, and configured to receive the image of the user and execute a homomorphic filtering process of the image to obtain a corresponding homomorphically filtered image, wherein the higher the noise of the image is, the greater the homomorphic filtering of the image is;
an equalization processing device configured to be coupled to the homomorphic filtering device, and configured to receive the homomorphically filtered image and execute a histogram equalization process of the homomorphically filtered image to obtain a corresponding histogram equalization image;
a first threshold fetching device configured to be coupled to the equalization processing device, and configured to receive the histogram equalization image and confirm an overall division threshold corresponding to the histogram equalization image based on a distribution of a pixel value of each pixel in the histogram equalization image;
a first parameter analysis device configured to be coupled to the equalization processing device, and configured to receive the histogram equalization image and execute a contrast analysis of the histogram equalization image to obtain and output a corresponding contrast;
a first division processing device configured to be coupled to the first parameter analysis device, and configured to receive the contrast and execute an image division process of the histogram equalization image based on the contrast to obtain a plurality of sub-images, wherein the higher the contrast is, the larger the quantity of the sub-images is;
a second threshold fetching device configured to be coupled to the first division processing device, and configured to receive the plurality of sub-images and confirm a sub-area division threshold corresponding to each of the sub-images based on a distribution of a pixel value of each pixel in each sub-image;
a first numerical value adjusting device configured to be coupled to the second threshold fetching device and the first threshold fetching device, and configured to receive the overall division threshold and each sub-area division threshold and execute a numerical value adjustment for each sub-area division threshold based on the overall division threshold to obtain an adjusted sub-area division threshold for each sub-image;
a second division processing device configured to be coupled to the first numerical value adjusting device, and configured to execute a combining process of each of the sub-images with a high adjusted sub-area division threshold to obtain a combined image;
a linear filter device configured to be coupled to the second division processing device, and configured to receive the combined image and execute a linear filtering process of the combined image to obtain and output a corresponding linearly filtered image;
a signal recognition device configured to be coupled to the linear filter device, and configured to receive the linearly filtered image, recognize an edge resolution of the linearly filtered image, issue a strong edge control signal when the edge resolution is over-limit, and issue a weak edge control signal when the edge resolution is not over-limit;
a trigger processing device configured to be coupled to the signal recognition device, and configured to execute an edge enhancement of the linear filtered image corresponding to the edge resolution when receiving the weak edge control signal, wherein the larger the edge resolution of the trigger processing device, the smaller the strength of the edge enhancement of the linear filtered image corresponding to the edge resolution, and output a trigger processing image obtained after executing the edge enhancement of the linear filtered image corresponding to the edge resolution; and
an object recognition device configured to be coupled to the trigger processing device, and configured to receive the trigger processing image, execute an object recognition of the trigger processing image in order to recognize each object pattern from the trigger processing image, and use an image characteristic of each object pattern as an input of a neural network, wherein the neural network uses each trained parameter to output an object type corresponding to each object pattern, wherein the object recognition device outputs a down jacket existence signal when the object type corresponding to the object pattern is a down jacket, and wherein the object recognition device further outputs a down jacket non-existence signal when the object type corresponding to the object pattern is a non-down jacket; and
a switching unit configured to switch on the electric heater after receiving the down jacket existence signal. 10. The automatic switching device of claim 9, wherein the trigger processing device is configured to stop the implementation of the linear filtered image and the corresponding edge enhancement of the edge resolution when receiving the strong edge control signal. 11. The automatic switching device of claim 9, wherein the executing the numerical value adjustment for each sub-area division threshold to obtain the adjusted sub-area division threshold for each sub-image is further based on a difference between the overall division threshold and each sub-area division threshold. 12. The automatic switching device of claim 11, wherein the executing the numerical value adjustment for each sub-area division threshold to obtain the adjusted sub-area division threshold for each sub-image is further based on a condition that the each adjusted sub-area division threshold is equal to one quarter of the sum of each sub-area division threshold and the difference between the overall division threshold and each sub-area division threshold. | 1,700 |
349,329 | 350,203 | 16,758,025 | 1,748 | A component shortage detection device detects a component shortage of a tape feeder installed in a component mounting device. The component shortage detection device includes a sensor, configured to detect the tape, and provided at a position that is a midpoint of a tape transportation path of the tape feeder and upstream of a component extraction position by a component mounting head in a tape transportation direction. The component shortage detection device further includes a residual quantity calculation unit configured to calculate a component residual quantity of the tape during a mounting operation; and a determination unit configured to determine whether a component shortage occurs on a basis of output information from the sensor and the component residual quantity when the head fails in extraction of the component. | 1. A component shortage detection device for detecting a component shortage of a tape feeder installed in a component mounting device, the component shortage detection device comprising:
a sensor provided at a position that is a midpoint of a tape transportation path of the tape feeder and upstream of a component extraction position by a component mounting head in a tape transportation direction, the sensor being configured to detect the tape; a residual quantity calculator configured to calculate a component residual quantity of the tape during a mounting operation; and a determination processor configured to determine whether the component shortage occurs on a basis of output information from the sensor and the component residual quantity when the head fails in extraction of the component. 2. The component shortage detection device according to claim 1, wherein
the determination processor is configured to determine presence of the tape on a basis of the output information from the sensor, determine that the component shortage occurs when the tape is not present, and determine whether the component shortage occurs on a basis of the component residual quantity when the tape is present. 3. The component shortage detection device according to claim 2, wherein
when the component residual quantity is equal to or less than a preset threshold, the determination processor determines that the component shortage occurs. 4. The component shortage detection device according to claim 1, further comprising
a first setting unit configured to set to which of the output information from the sensor and the component residual quantity priority is given when the determination processor determines whether the component shortage occurs, wherein when the first setting unit is set to give priority to the output information from the sensor, the determination processor determines presence of the tape on a basis of the output information from the sensor, determines that the component shortage occurs when the tape is not present, and determines whether the component shortage occurs on a basis of the component residual quantity when the tape is present. 5. The component shortage detection device according to claim 4, wherein
when the first setting unit is set to give priority to information regarding the component residual quantity, the determination processor determines that the component shortage occurs when the component residual quantity is equal to or less than a preset threshold. 6. The component shortage detection device according to claim 3, further comprising a second setting unit configured to change a value of the threshold. 7. The component shortage detection device according to claim 1, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 8. The component shortage detection device according to claim 7, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 9. The component shortage detection device according to claim 5, further comprising
a second setting unit configured to change a value of the threshold. 10. The component shortage detection device according to claim 2, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 11. The component shortage detection device according to claim 3, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 12. The component shortage detection device according to claim 4, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 13. The component shortage detection device according to claim 5, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 14. The component shortage detection device according to claim 6, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 15. The component shortage detection device according to claim 9, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 16. The component shortage detection device according to claim 10, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 17. The component shortage detection device according to claim 11, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 18. The component shortage detection device according to claim 12, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 19. The component shortage detection device according to claim 13, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 20. The component shortage detection device according to claim 14, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. | A component shortage detection device detects a component shortage of a tape feeder installed in a component mounting device. The component shortage detection device includes a sensor, configured to detect the tape, and provided at a position that is a midpoint of a tape transportation path of the tape feeder and upstream of a component extraction position by a component mounting head in a tape transportation direction. The component shortage detection device further includes a residual quantity calculation unit configured to calculate a component residual quantity of the tape during a mounting operation; and a determination unit configured to determine whether a component shortage occurs on a basis of output information from the sensor and the component residual quantity when the head fails in extraction of the component.1. A component shortage detection device for detecting a component shortage of a tape feeder installed in a component mounting device, the component shortage detection device comprising:
a sensor provided at a position that is a midpoint of a tape transportation path of the tape feeder and upstream of a component extraction position by a component mounting head in a tape transportation direction, the sensor being configured to detect the tape; a residual quantity calculator configured to calculate a component residual quantity of the tape during a mounting operation; and a determination processor configured to determine whether the component shortage occurs on a basis of output information from the sensor and the component residual quantity when the head fails in extraction of the component. 2. The component shortage detection device according to claim 1, wherein
the determination processor is configured to determine presence of the tape on a basis of the output information from the sensor, determine that the component shortage occurs when the tape is not present, and determine whether the component shortage occurs on a basis of the component residual quantity when the tape is present. 3. The component shortage detection device according to claim 2, wherein
when the component residual quantity is equal to or less than a preset threshold, the determination processor determines that the component shortage occurs. 4. The component shortage detection device according to claim 1, further comprising
a first setting unit configured to set to which of the output information from the sensor and the component residual quantity priority is given when the determination processor determines whether the component shortage occurs, wherein when the first setting unit is set to give priority to the output information from the sensor, the determination processor determines presence of the tape on a basis of the output information from the sensor, determines that the component shortage occurs when the tape is not present, and determines whether the component shortage occurs on a basis of the component residual quantity when the tape is present. 5. The component shortage detection device according to claim 4, wherein
when the first setting unit is set to give priority to information regarding the component residual quantity, the determination processor determines that the component shortage occurs when the component residual quantity is equal to or less than a preset threshold. 6. The component shortage detection device according to claim 3, further comprising a second setting unit configured to change a value of the threshold. 7. The component shortage detection device according to claim 1, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 8. The component shortage detection device according to claim 7, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 9. The component shortage detection device according to claim 5, further comprising
a second setting unit configured to change a value of the threshold. 10. The component shortage detection device according to claim 2, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 11. The component shortage detection device according to claim 3, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 12. The component shortage detection device according to claim 4, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 13. The component shortage detection device according to claim 5, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 14. The component shortage detection device according to claim 6, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 15. The component shortage detection device according to claim 9, further comprising
a memory configured to store information that allows identification of a tape transportation status in the tape transportation path when the component mounting device undergoes operation stop when at least one of interruption of the operation of the component mounting device and turning off of power of the component mounting device is defined as the operation stop of the component mounting device, wherein when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor determines the presence of the tape in the tape transportation path on a basis of the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status when the operation stops in addition to the output information from the sensor. 16. The component shortage detection device according to claim 10, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 17. The component shortage detection device according to claim 11, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 18. The component shortage detection device according to claim 12, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 19. The component shortage detection device according to claim 13, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. 20. The component shortage detection device according to claim 14, further comprising
a flag setting processor configured to set a flag when first component supply with the tape is performed after the tape is installed in the tape feeder, wherein the memory is configured to store a flag setting status about the tape feeder as the information that allows identification of the tape transportation status, and when the operation of the component mounting device is resumed after the operation stop, the determination processor takes the flag setting status stored in the memory into consideration, and always determines that the tape is present in the tape transportation path when the flag is set. | 1,700 |
349,330 | 350,204 | 16,758,023 | 1,748 | Knowledge tree group management means that manages at least one knowledge tree, and knowledge entry management means that manages at least one knowledge entry existing for each of the knowledge trees are provided. Each of the knowledge entries includes a knowledge entry attribute description describing an attribute related to the knowledge entry and a knowledge entry parent-child relationship link describing a parent-child relationship with another knowledge entry of the knowledge tree. The knowledge entry attribute description includes a reference link to a knowledge entry belonging to a different or an identical knowledge tree or to an entry attribute description of the knowledge entry. | 1. A knowledge management system, in recording and managing knowledge, comprising:
knowledge tree group management means that manages at least one knowledge tree; and knowledge entry management means that manages at least one knowledge entry existing for each of the knowledge trees, wherein each of the knowledge entries comprises a knowledge entry attribute description describing an attribute related to the knowledge entry, and a knowledge entry parent-child relationship link describing a parent-child relationship with another knowledge entry of the knowledge tree, and the knowledge entry attribute description comprises a reference link to a knowledge entry belonging to a different or an identical knowledge tree or to an entry attribute description of the knowledge entry. 2. The information management system according to claim 1, wherein
the blockchain supports a user-defined schema written on a basis of an object-oriented language, the user-defined schema comprises a user-defined script for a smart contract execution and a user-defined profile that comprises a result of the smart contract execution, and a hash value of the user-defined script generates the first transaction signature. 3. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising knowledge entry attribute description inheriting means that inherits an entry attribute description of a parent knowledge entry to an entry attribute description of a child knowledge entry in the parent-child relationship. 4. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising reference characteristic management means that manages reference strength and a script to be executed upon reference in the reference link. 5. The knowledge management system according to claim 4, wherein the reference strength is changed according to observation frequency in the reference characteristic management means. 6. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising external document reference means that refers to an external document or an external document group related to the entry attribute description in the reference link. 7. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising namespace management means that manages a plurality of knowledge tree groups by dividing it by a namespace in the knowledge tree group management means. 8. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising knowledge export means that extracts any part of a namespace, a knowledge tree, a knowledge entry, an entry attribute description, a parent-child relationship link constituting the knowledge management system to create a knowledge management subset, and exports the knowledge management subset to another knowledge management system. 9. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising knowledge import means that imports the knowledge management subset extracted by the knowledge export means or the knowledge management subset from a separately constructed knowledge management system, and reconfigures a namespace, a knowledge tree, a knowledge entry, an entry attribute description, and a parent-child relationship link. 10. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising user authority management means that manages execution authority for creating, editing, deleting, and referring functions of each of the namespace, the knowledge tree, the knowledge entry, the knowledge entry attribute category, the knowledge entry attribute description, and the parent-child relationship link for each user. 11. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising knowledge browsing means that browses a parent-child relationship between the knowledge entries and contents of a knowledge attribute description of the knowledge entry in the knowledge management system. 12. The knowledge management system according claim 1 further comprising: knowledge inquiry receiving means that receives an inquiry about recorded and managed contents; and a knowledge inquiry response means that responds to contents of the inquiry in the knowledge management system. 13. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising search scope management means that manages a creation user of each of the namespace, the knowledge tree, the knowledge entry, the entry attribute description, the parent-child relationship link, and excludes a part of the knowledge management system created by a specific user or user group from a search target range of the browsing and the knowledge inquiry or, conversely, sets only a part of the knowledge management system created by a specific user or user group as a search target range of the browsing and the knowledge inquiry. | Knowledge tree group management means that manages at least one knowledge tree, and knowledge entry management means that manages at least one knowledge entry existing for each of the knowledge trees are provided. Each of the knowledge entries includes a knowledge entry attribute description describing an attribute related to the knowledge entry and a knowledge entry parent-child relationship link describing a parent-child relationship with another knowledge entry of the knowledge tree. The knowledge entry attribute description includes a reference link to a knowledge entry belonging to a different or an identical knowledge tree or to an entry attribute description of the knowledge entry.1. A knowledge management system, in recording and managing knowledge, comprising:
knowledge tree group management means that manages at least one knowledge tree; and knowledge entry management means that manages at least one knowledge entry existing for each of the knowledge trees, wherein each of the knowledge entries comprises a knowledge entry attribute description describing an attribute related to the knowledge entry, and a knowledge entry parent-child relationship link describing a parent-child relationship with another knowledge entry of the knowledge tree, and the knowledge entry attribute description comprises a reference link to a knowledge entry belonging to a different or an identical knowledge tree or to an entry attribute description of the knowledge entry. 2. The information management system according to claim 1, wherein
the blockchain supports a user-defined schema written on a basis of an object-oriented language, the user-defined schema comprises a user-defined script for a smart contract execution and a user-defined profile that comprises a result of the smart contract execution, and a hash value of the user-defined script generates the first transaction signature. 3. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising knowledge entry attribute description inheriting means that inherits an entry attribute description of a parent knowledge entry to an entry attribute description of a child knowledge entry in the parent-child relationship. 4. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising reference characteristic management means that manages reference strength and a script to be executed upon reference in the reference link. 5. The knowledge management system according to claim 4, wherein the reference strength is changed according to observation frequency in the reference characteristic management means. 6. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising external document reference means that refers to an external document or an external document group related to the entry attribute description in the reference link. 7. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising namespace management means that manages a plurality of knowledge tree groups by dividing it by a namespace in the knowledge tree group management means. 8. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising knowledge export means that extracts any part of a namespace, a knowledge tree, a knowledge entry, an entry attribute description, a parent-child relationship link constituting the knowledge management system to create a knowledge management subset, and exports the knowledge management subset to another knowledge management system. 9. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising knowledge import means that imports the knowledge management subset extracted by the knowledge export means or the knowledge management subset from a separately constructed knowledge management system, and reconfigures a namespace, a knowledge tree, a knowledge entry, an entry attribute description, and a parent-child relationship link. 10. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising user authority management means that manages execution authority for creating, editing, deleting, and referring functions of each of the namespace, the knowledge tree, the knowledge entry, the knowledge entry attribute category, the knowledge entry attribute description, and the parent-child relationship link for each user. 11. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising knowledge browsing means that browses a parent-child relationship between the knowledge entries and contents of a knowledge attribute description of the knowledge entry in the knowledge management system. 12. The knowledge management system according claim 1 further comprising: knowledge inquiry receiving means that receives an inquiry about recorded and managed contents; and a knowledge inquiry response means that responds to contents of the inquiry in the knowledge management system. 13. The knowledge management system according to claim 1, further comprising search scope management means that manages a creation user of each of the namespace, the knowledge tree, the knowledge entry, the entry attribute description, the parent-child relationship link, and excludes a part of the knowledge management system created by a specific user or user group from a search target range of the browsing and the knowledge inquiry or, conversely, sets only a part of the knowledge management system created by a specific user or user group as a search target range of the browsing and the knowledge inquiry. | 1,700 |
349,331 | 350,205 | 16,853,559 | 3,647 | A rodent having elements that are visually attractive to rodents. The trap incorporates nesting material, which is attractive to female mice. The trap may also include one or more stalk-like elements which are visually attractive to mice. | 1) A rodent trap, comprising:
a snap mechanism configured to trap a rodent; a trigger plate configured to selectively maintain the snap mechanism in a set position; a bait cup configured to receive a bait plug; a bait plug comprising a scented substance, the bait plug having an upper segment and a lower segment, whereby the lower segment is configured to be seated within the bait cup and the upper segment is configured to be positioned below the trigger plate; a pocket formed in the upper segment of the bait plug that is configured to receive nesting material. 2) The rodent trap of claim 1, whereby the lower segment of the bait plug comprises a cylindrical segment. 3) rodent trap of claim 1, whereby the upper segment comprises a disc-shaped segment comprising an upper face and a surround edge, whereby the pocket is formed in the upper face. 4) rodent trap of claim 2, whereby the cylindrical segment is tapered. | A rodent having elements that are visually attractive to rodents. The trap incorporates nesting material, which is attractive to female mice. The trap may also include one or more stalk-like elements which are visually attractive to mice.1) A rodent trap, comprising:
a snap mechanism configured to trap a rodent; a trigger plate configured to selectively maintain the snap mechanism in a set position; a bait cup configured to receive a bait plug; a bait plug comprising a scented substance, the bait plug having an upper segment and a lower segment, whereby the lower segment is configured to be seated within the bait cup and the upper segment is configured to be positioned below the trigger plate; a pocket formed in the upper segment of the bait plug that is configured to receive nesting material. 2) The rodent trap of claim 1, whereby the lower segment of the bait plug comprises a cylindrical segment. 3) rodent trap of claim 1, whereby the upper segment comprises a disc-shaped segment comprising an upper face and a surround edge, whereby the pocket is formed in the upper face. 4) rodent trap of claim 2, whereby the cylindrical segment is tapered. | 3,600 |
349,332 | 350,206 | 16,758,009 | 3,647 | Methods of using isotopic biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using isotopic biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein. | 1. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
prior to the treatment:
(i) administering to the subject a composition having isotope-labeled propionate;
(ii) collecting breath samples from the subject at a plurality of time points after step (i);
(iii) measuring the 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of the breath samples from step (ii);
(iv) determining a first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate based on the measured 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of step (iii) and measured CO2 production rate;
following the treatment:
(v) administering to the subject a composition having isotope-labeled propionate;
(vi) collecting breath samples from the subject at a plurality of time points after step (v);
(vii) measuring the 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of the breath samples from step (vi);
(viii) determining a second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate based on the measured 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of step (vii) and measured CO2 production rate; and
comparing the first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate with the second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate, wherein an increase in the second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate compared to the first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate indicates efficacy of the treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is a liver-directed treatment. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises administering to the subject a liver-directed gene transfer vector. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy, cell therapy, small molecules, enzyme specific chaperonins, engineered microbes/microbiome, mRNA therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, genome editing, read-through agents, stem cell therapies, chaperones, ERT, or any other processes that could improve MUT or PCC activity or propionate oxidation or associated mitochondrial dysfunction. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), propionic acidemia (PA), isovaleric acidemia, glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1), beta-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG), 3-Methylglutaconic acidemia or 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency (MGA), D-2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (D2-HGA), Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (ICBD), L-2-Hydroxy-glutaricaciduria (L2HGA), Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency aka Maionic Acidemia (MA), Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD, holocarboxylase synthetase), and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase Deficiency (HIBCH). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is methylmalonic acidemia or propionic acidemia. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism or a cobalamin metabolic and transport disorder causing MUT deficiency. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by isolated methylmalonyl-CoA mutase due to (MUT), MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC deficiency, or mut, cblA, cblB, cblD variant 2 classes of MMA. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the cobalamin metabolic and transport disorders is selected from the group consisting of patients with MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, TC2, CD320, AMN deficiency, cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, TCBLR and Imerslund-Graesbeck forms of combined MMAemia-hyperhomocysteinemia. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism causing PCC deficiency. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (PCC) due to mutations in PCCA or PCCB. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein isotope-labeled propionate is administered in the amount of less than or equal to about 10 μmol/kg body weight. 14-16. (canceled) 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the isotope-labeled propionate is sodium 1-13C-propionate. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the CO2 production rate in step (iv) is measured by an indirect calorimetry cart on the same day prior to step (i), wherein the CO2 production rate in step (viii) is measured by an indirect calorimetry cart on the same day prior to step. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition having isotope-labeled propionate is orally administered. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition having isotope-labeled propionate is administered via gastric route. 21-22. (canceled) 23. A method for improving hepatic enzyme activity in a subject having an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
prior to a treatment:
(i) administering to the subject a composition having sodium isotope-labeled propionate;
(ii) collecting breath samples from the subject at a plurality of time points after step (i);
(iii) measuring 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of the breath samples from step (ii);
(iv) determining a first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate based on the measured 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of step (iii) and measured CO2 production;
administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia after step (ii); following the treatment:
(v) orally administering to the subject a composition having isotope-labeled propionate;
(vi) collecting breath samples from the subject at a plurality of time points after step (v);
(vii) measuring 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of the breath samples from step (vi);
(viii) determining a second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate based on the measured 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of step (vii) and measured CO2 production rate;
discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate after treatment compared to the first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate before the treatment. 24. The method of claim 23, where in the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, Glutaryl CoA Dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase, Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase, Multiple carboxylase, and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase. 25-30. (canceled) 31. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
After the treatment:
(i) administering an isotope-labeled metabolite to the subject wherein the isotope-labeled metabolite is 1-13C-propionate, 1-13C-glycine, or 1-13C-methionine;
(ii) measuring a level of an isotope-labeled product of the isotope-labeled metabolite in exhaled breath of the subject following administration of the isotope-labeled metabolite;
(iii) comparing the measured level of isotope-labeled product of the isotope-labeled metabolite in the subject to a predetermined level;
wherein an increase in the measured level of isotope-labeled product compared to the predetermined level indicates efficacy of the treatment. 32-37. (canceled) | Methods of using isotopic biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using isotopic biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein.1. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
prior to the treatment:
(i) administering to the subject a composition having isotope-labeled propionate;
(ii) collecting breath samples from the subject at a plurality of time points after step (i);
(iii) measuring the 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of the breath samples from step (ii);
(iv) determining a first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate based on the measured 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of step (iii) and measured CO2 production rate;
following the treatment:
(v) administering to the subject a composition having isotope-labeled propionate;
(vi) collecting breath samples from the subject at a plurality of time points after step (v);
(vii) measuring the 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of the breath samples from step (vi);
(viii) determining a second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate based on the measured 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of step (vii) and measured CO2 production rate; and
comparing the first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate with the second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate, wherein an increase in the second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate compared to the first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate indicates efficacy of the treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is a liver-directed treatment. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises administering to the subject a liver-directed gene transfer vector. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy, cell therapy, small molecules, enzyme specific chaperonins, engineered microbes/microbiome, mRNA therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, genome editing, read-through agents, stem cell therapies, chaperones, ERT, or any other processes that could improve MUT or PCC activity or propionate oxidation or associated mitochondrial dysfunction. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), propionic acidemia (PA), isovaleric acidemia, glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1), beta-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG), 3-Methylglutaconic acidemia or 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency (MGA), D-2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (D2-HGA), Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (ICBD), L-2-Hydroxy-glutaricaciduria (L2HGA), Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency aka Maionic Acidemia (MA), Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD, holocarboxylase synthetase), and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase Deficiency (HIBCH). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is methylmalonic acidemia or propionic acidemia. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism or a cobalamin metabolic and transport disorder causing MUT deficiency. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by isolated methylmalonyl-CoA mutase due to (MUT), MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC deficiency, or mut, cblA, cblB, cblD variant 2 classes of MMA. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the cobalamin metabolic and transport disorders is selected from the group consisting of patients with MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, TC2, CD320, AMN deficiency, cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, TCBLR and Imerslund-Graesbeck forms of combined MMAemia-hyperhomocysteinemia. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism causing PCC deficiency. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (PCC) due to mutations in PCCA or PCCB. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein isotope-labeled propionate is administered in the amount of less than or equal to about 10 μmol/kg body weight. 14-16. (canceled) 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the isotope-labeled propionate is sodium 1-13C-propionate. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the CO2 production rate in step (iv) is measured by an indirect calorimetry cart on the same day prior to step (i), wherein the CO2 production rate in step (viii) is measured by an indirect calorimetry cart on the same day prior to step. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition having isotope-labeled propionate is orally administered. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition having isotope-labeled propionate is administered via gastric route. 21-22. (canceled) 23. A method for improving hepatic enzyme activity in a subject having an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
prior to a treatment:
(i) administering to the subject a composition having sodium isotope-labeled propionate;
(ii) collecting breath samples from the subject at a plurality of time points after step (i);
(iii) measuring 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of the breath samples from step (ii);
(iv) determining a first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate based on the measured 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of step (iii) and measured CO2 production;
administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia after step (ii); following the treatment:
(v) orally administering to the subject a composition having isotope-labeled propionate;
(vi) collecting breath samples from the subject at a plurality of time points after step (v);
(vii) measuring 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of the breath samples from step (vi);
(viii) determining a second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate based on the measured 13CO2/12CO2 ratio of step (vii) and measured CO2 production rate;
discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the second isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate after treatment compared to the first isotope-labeled propionate oxidation rate before the treatment. 24. The method of claim 23, where in the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, Glutaryl CoA Dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase, Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase, Multiple carboxylase, and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase. 25-30. (canceled) 31. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
After the treatment:
(i) administering an isotope-labeled metabolite to the subject wherein the isotope-labeled metabolite is 1-13C-propionate, 1-13C-glycine, or 1-13C-methionine;
(ii) measuring a level of an isotope-labeled product of the isotope-labeled metabolite in exhaled breath of the subject following administration of the isotope-labeled metabolite;
(iii) comparing the measured level of isotope-labeled product of the isotope-labeled metabolite in the subject to a predetermined level;
wherein an increase in the measured level of isotope-labeled product compared to the predetermined level indicates efficacy of the treatment. 32-37. (canceled) | 3,600 |
349,333 | 350,207 | 16,758,003 | 2,413 | The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and a device for performing an adaptive bundling transmission in wireless communication system, the method comprising: generating a uplink (UL) data to be transmitted for an uplink grant of a Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) process; performing a new HARQ transmission of the UL data with resetting a counter of the HARQ process, performing a HARQ retransmission of the UL data, if the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein the counter is counted each time a HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein if the counter is equal to or larger than a threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed with bundling transmission. | 1. A method for a communication device operating in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
generating a uplink (UL) data to be transmitted for an uplink grant of a Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) process; performing a new HARQ transmission of the UL data with resetting a counter of the HARQ process, performing a HARQ retransmission of the UL data, if the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein the counter is counted each time a HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein based on the counter being equal to or larger than a threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed with bundling transmission. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein based on the counter being smaller than the threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed without bundling transmission. 3. The method according to claim 1, based on an Acknowledgement (ACK) for the new HARQ transmission of the UL data being not received or uplink grant for retransmission for the UL data being received, the communication device considers that the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed with bundling transmission, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data are repeated in a bundling period related to the bundling transmission. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein being the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed without bundling transmission, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data are performed via a single transmission. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed with bundling transmission, the UE increments the counter by either 1 or a size of a bundling period related to the bundling transmission. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the UL data is a Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) including at least one MAC Service Data Unit (SDU). 8. A communication device for operating in a wireless communication system, the communication device comprising:
a memory; and a processor operably coupled with the memory and configured to: generate a uplink (UL) data to be transmitted for an uplink grant of a Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) process; perform a new HARQ transmission of the UL data with resetting a counter of the HARQ process, perform a HARQ retransmission of the UL data, if the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein the counter is counted each time a HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein based on the counter being equal to or larger than a threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed with bundling transmission. 9. The communication device according to claim 8, wherein based on the counter being smaller than the threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed without bundling transmission. 10. The communication device according to claim 8, based on an Acknowledgement (ACK) for the new HARQ transmission of the UL data being not received or uplink grant for retransmission for the UL data being received, the processor considers that the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails. 11. The communication device according to claim 8, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed with bundling transmission, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data are repeated in a bundling period related to the bundling transmission. 12. The communication device according to claim 11, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed without bundling transmission, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data are performed via a single transmission. 13. The communication device according to claim 8, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed with bundling transmission, the UE increments the counter by either 1 or a size of a bundling period related to the bundling transmission. 14. The communication device according to claim 8, wherein the UL data is a Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) including at least one MAC Service Data Unit (SDU). | The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and a device for performing an adaptive bundling transmission in wireless communication system, the method comprising: generating a uplink (UL) data to be transmitted for an uplink grant of a Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) process; performing a new HARQ transmission of the UL data with resetting a counter of the HARQ process, performing a HARQ retransmission of the UL data, if the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein the counter is counted each time a HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein if the counter is equal to or larger than a threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed with bundling transmission.1. A method for a communication device operating in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
generating a uplink (UL) data to be transmitted for an uplink grant of a Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) process; performing a new HARQ transmission of the UL data with resetting a counter of the HARQ process, performing a HARQ retransmission of the UL data, if the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein the counter is counted each time a HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein based on the counter being equal to or larger than a threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed with bundling transmission. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein based on the counter being smaller than the threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed without bundling transmission. 3. The method according to claim 1, based on an Acknowledgement (ACK) for the new HARQ transmission of the UL data being not received or uplink grant for retransmission for the UL data being received, the communication device considers that the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed with bundling transmission, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data are repeated in a bundling period related to the bundling transmission. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein being the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed without bundling transmission, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data are performed via a single transmission. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed with bundling transmission, the UE increments the counter by either 1 or a size of a bundling period related to the bundling transmission. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the UL data is a Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) including at least one MAC Service Data Unit (SDU). 8. A communication device for operating in a wireless communication system, the communication device comprising:
a memory; and a processor operably coupled with the memory and configured to: generate a uplink (UL) data to be transmitted for an uplink grant of a Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) process; perform a new HARQ transmission of the UL data with resetting a counter of the HARQ process, perform a HARQ retransmission of the UL data, if the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein the counter is counted each time a HARQ transmission of the UL data fails, wherein based on the counter being equal to or larger than a threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed with bundling transmission. 9. The communication device according to claim 8, wherein based on the counter being smaller than the threshold, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data is performed without bundling transmission. 10. The communication device according to claim 8, based on an Acknowledgement (ACK) for the new HARQ transmission of the UL data being not received or uplink grant for retransmission for the UL data being received, the processor considers that the new HARQ transmission of the UL data fails. 11. The communication device according to claim 8, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed with bundling transmission, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data are repeated in a bundling period related to the bundling transmission. 12. The communication device according to claim 11, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed without bundling transmission, the HARQ retransmission of the UL data are performed via a single transmission. 13. The communication device according to claim 8, wherein based on the HARQ retransmission of the UL data being performed with bundling transmission, the UE increments the counter by either 1 or a size of a bundling period related to the bundling transmission. 14. The communication device according to claim 8, wherein the UL data is a Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) including at least one MAC Service Data Unit (SDU). | 2,400 |
349,334 | 350,208 | 16,758,005 | 2,413 | A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions readable and executable by a workstation (18) including at least one electronic processor (20) to perform an image reconstruction method (100). The method includes: operating a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging device (12) to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis for frames along an axial direction with neighboring frames overlapping along the axial direction wherein the frames include a frame (k), a preceding frame (k−1) overlapping the frame (k), and a succeeding frame (k+1) overlapping the frame (k); reconstructing an image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1). | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions readable and executable by a workstation including at least one electronic processor to perform an image reconstruction method, the method comprising:
operating a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging device to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis for frames along an axial direction with neighboring frames overlapping along the axial direction wherein the frames include a frame (k), a preceding frame (k−1) overlapping the frame (k), and a succeeding frame (k+1) overlapping the frame (k); and reconstructing an image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1). 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the reconstruction of the image of the frame (k) is performed during acquisition of imaging data for a second succeeding frame (k+2) which succeeds the succeeding frame (k+1). 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) includes:
reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data for lines of response intersecting at least one area defined by an overlap between the frame (k) and the preceding frame (k−1) and an overlap between the frame (k) and the succeeding frame (k+1). 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 3, wherein reconstructing the frame (k) using data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data for lines of response intersecting areas defined by an overlap between the frame (k) and the preceding frame (k−1) and an overlap between the frame (k) and the succeeding frame (k+1). 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, further including:
reconstructing an image of the preceding frame-(k−1) during acquisition of imaging data for the succeeding frame (k+1) using imaging data from the preceding frame (k−1), a second preceding frame (k−2) preceding the frame (k−1), and the frame (k). 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 5, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) includes:
using the image of the preceding frame (k−1) reconstructed using imaging data from the frames (k−2), (k−1), and (k) in estimating localization of electron-positron annihilation events along lines of response that intersect frame (k−1). 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 5, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
during acquisition of imaging data for the frame (k+2), generating an image estimate for the frame (k+1) using only the imaging data for the frame (k+1); and
using the image estimate for the frame (k+1) in estimating localization of electron-positron annihilation events along lines of response that intersect frame (k+1). 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operating acquires the imaging data as list mode imaging data and reconstructing the frame (k) using data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
reconstructing the frame (k) using the list mode data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1). 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein:
the operating includes operating the PET imaging device to acquire the imaging data with frame acquisition times for the frames (k−1), (k), and (k+1) which are not all the same; and reconstructing the frame (k) includes using a ratio of frame acquisition times to compensate for the frame acquisition times for the frames (k−1), (k), and (k+1) not being all the same. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operating includes operating the PET imaging device to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis with neighboring frames overlapping with at least 35% overlap along the axial direction. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10 wherein the method further includes:
reconstructing images for all frames acquired during the operating wherein the reconstructing includes reconstructing the image of the frame (k); and
combining the images for all frames acquired during the operating to generate a final image wherein the combining does not include knitting images for neighboring frames together in image space. 12. An imaging system, comprising:
a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging device; and at least one electronic processor programmed to:
operate the PET imaging device to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis for frames along an axial direction with neighboring frames overlapping along the axial direction wherein the frames include a frame (k), a preceding frame (k−1) overlapping the frame (k), and a succeeding frame (k+1) overlapping the frame (k); and
reconstruct an image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1);
wherein the reconstruction of the image of the frame (k) is performed during acquisition of imaging data for a second succeeding frame (k+2) which succeeds the succeeding frame (k+1). 13. The imaging system of claim 12, wherein reconstructing the frame (k) using data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data for lines of response intersecting areas defined by an overlap between the frame (k) and the preceding frame (k−1) and an overlap between the frame (k) and the succeeding frame (k+1). 14. The imaging system of claim 12, further including:
reconstructing an image of the preceding frame (k−1) during acquisition of imaging data for the succeeding frame (k+1) using imaging data from the preceding frame (k−1), a second preceding frame (k−2) preceding the frame (k−1), and the frame (k). 15. The imaging system of claim 14, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) includes:
using the image of the preceding frame (k−1) reconstructed using imaging data from the frames (k−2), (k−1), and (k) in estimating localization of electron-positron annihilation events along lines of response that intersect frame (k−1). 16. The imaging system of claim 14, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
during acquisition of imaging data for the frame (k+2), generating an image estimate for the frame (k+1) using only the imaging data for the frame (k+1); and
using the image estimate for the frame (k+1) in estimating localization of electron-positron annihilation events along lines of response that intersect frame (k+1). 17. The imaging system of claim 12, wherein the operating acquires the imaging data as list mode imaging data and reconstructing the frame (k) using data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
reconstructing the frame (k) using the list mode data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1). 18. The imaging system of claim 12, wherein:
the operating includes operating the PET imaging device to acquire the imaging data with frame acquisition times for the frames (k−1), (k), and (k+1) which are not all the same; and reconstructing the frame (k) includes using a ratio of frame acquisition times to compensate for the frame acquisition times for the frames (k−1), (k), and (k+1) not being all the same. 19. The imaging system of claim 12, wherein the method further includes:
reconstructing images for all frames acquired during the operating wherein the reconstructing includes reconstructing the image of the frame (k); and combining the images for all frames acquired during the operating to generate a final image wherein the combining does not include knitting images for neighboring frames together in image space. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions readable and executable by a workstation including at least one electronic processor (20) to perform an image reconstruction method, the method comprising:
operating a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging device to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis for frames along an axial direction with neighboring frames overlapping along the axial direction wherein the frames include a frame (k), a preceding frame (k−1) overlapping the frame (k), and a succeeding frame (k+1) overlapping the frame (k); and reconstructing an image of the frame (k) using imaging data for lines of response intersecting areas defined by an overlap between the frame (k) and the preceding frame (k−1) and an overlap between the frame (k) and the succeeding frame (k+1); wherein the reconstruction of the image of the frame (k) is performed during acquisition of imaging data for a second succeeding frame (k+2) which succeeds the succeeding frame (k+1). 21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the method further includes:
reconstructing images for all frames acquired during the operating wherein the reconstructing includes reconstructing the image of the frame (k); and combining the images for all frames acquired during the operating to generate a final image wherein the combining does not include knitting images for neighboring frames together in image space. | A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions readable and executable by a workstation (18) including at least one electronic processor (20) to perform an image reconstruction method (100). The method includes: operating a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging device (12) to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis for frames along an axial direction with neighboring frames overlapping along the axial direction wherein the frames include a frame (k), a preceding frame (k−1) overlapping the frame (k), and a succeeding frame (k+1) overlapping the frame (k); reconstructing an image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1).1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions readable and executable by a workstation including at least one electronic processor to perform an image reconstruction method, the method comprising:
operating a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging device to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis for frames along an axial direction with neighboring frames overlapping along the axial direction wherein the frames include a frame (k), a preceding frame (k−1) overlapping the frame (k), and a succeeding frame (k+1) overlapping the frame (k); and reconstructing an image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1). 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the reconstruction of the image of the frame (k) is performed during acquisition of imaging data for a second succeeding frame (k+2) which succeeds the succeeding frame (k+1). 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) includes:
reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data for lines of response intersecting at least one area defined by an overlap between the frame (k) and the preceding frame (k−1) and an overlap between the frame (k) and the succeeding frame (k+1). 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 3, wherein reconstructing the frame (k) using data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data for lines of response intersecting areas defined by an overlap between the frame (k) and the preceding frame (k−1) and an overlap between the frame (k) and the succeeding frame (k+1). 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, further including:
reconstructing an image of the preceding frame-(k−1) during acquisition of imaging data for the succeeding frame (k+1) using imaging data from the preceding frame (k−1), a second preceding frame (k−2) preceding the frame (k−1), and the frame (k). 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 5, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) includes:
using the image of the preceding frame (k−1) reconstructed using imaging data from the frames (k−2), (k−1), and (k) in estimating localization of electron-positron annihilation events along lines of response that intersect frame (k−1). 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 5, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
during acquisition of imaging data for the frame (k+2), generating an image estimate for the frame (k+1) using only the imaging data for the frame (k+1); and
using the image estimate for the frame (k+1) in estimating localization of electron-positron annihilation events along lines of response that intersect frame (k+1). 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operating acquires the imaging data as list mode imaging data and reconstructing the frame (k) using data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
reconstructing the frame (k) using the list mode data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1). 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein:
the operating includes operating the PET imaging device to acquire the imaging data with frame acquisition times for the frames (k−1), (k), and (k+1) which are not all the same; and reconstructing the frame (k) includes using a ratio of frame acquisition times to compensate for the frame acquisition times for the frames (k−1), (k), and (k+1) not being all the same. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operating includes operating the PET imaging device to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis with neighboring frames overlapping with at least 35% overlap along the axial direction. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10 wherein the method further includes:
reconstructing images for all frames acquired during the operating wherein the reconstructing includes reconstructing the image of the frame (k); and
combining the images for all frames acquired during the operating to generate a final image wherein the combining does not include knitting images for neighboring frames together in image space. 12. An imaging system, comprising:
a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging device; and at least one electronic processor programmed to:
operate the PET imaging device to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis for frames along an axial direction with neighboring frames overlapping along the axial direction wherein the frames include a frame (k), a preceding frame (k−1) overlapping the frame (k), and a succeeding frame (k+1) overlapping the frame (k); and
reconstruct an image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1);
wherein the reconstruction of the image of the frame (k) is performed during acquisition of imaging data for a second succeeding frame (k+2) which succeeds the succeeding frame (k+1). 13. The imaging system of claim 12, wherein reconstructing the frame (k) using data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data for lines of response intersecting areas defined by an overlap between the frame (k) and the preceding frame (k−1) and an overlap between the frame (k) and the succeeding frame (k+1). 14. The imaging system of claim 12, further including:
reconstructing an image of the preceding frame (k−1) during acquisition of imaging data for the succeeding frame (k+1) using imaging data from the preceding frame (k−1), a second preceding frame (k−2) preceding the frame (k−1), and the frame (k). 15. The imaging system of claim 14, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) includes:
using the image of the preceding frame (k−1) reconstructed using imaging data from the frames (k−2), (k−1), and (k) in estimating localization of electron-positron annihilation events along lines of response that intersect frame (k−1). 16. The imaging system of claim 14, wherein reconstructing the image of the frame (k) using imaging data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
during acquisition of imaging data for the frame (k+2), generating an image estimate for the frame (k+1) using only the imaging data for the frame (k+1); and
using the image estimate for the frame (k+1) in estimating localization of electron-positron annihilation events along lines of response that intersect frame (k+1). 17. The imaging system of claim 12, wherein the operating acquires the imaging data as list mode imaging data and reconstructing the frame (k) using data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1) further includes:
reconstructing the frame (k) using the list mode data from the frame (k), the preceding frame (k−1), and the succeeding frame (k+1). 18. The imaging system of claim 12, wherein:
the operating includes operating the PET imaging device to acquire the imaging data with frame acquisition times for the frames (k−1), (k), and (k+1) which are not all the same; and reconstructing the frame (k) includes using a ratio of frame acquisition times to compensate for the frame acquisition times for the frames (k−1), (k), and (k+1) not being all the same. 19. The imaging system of claim 12, wherein the method further includes:
reconstructing images for all frames acquired during the operating wherein the reconstructing includes reconstructing the image of the frame (k); and combining the images for all frames acquired during the operating to generate a final image wherein the combining does not include knitting images for neighboring frames together in image space. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions readable and executable by a workstation including at least one electronic processor (20) to perform an image reconstruction method, the method comprising:
operating a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging device to acquire imaging data on a frame by frame basis for frames along an axial direction with neighboring frames overlapping along the axial direction wherein the frames include a frame (k), a preceding frame (k−1) overlapping the frame (k), and a succeeding frame (k+1) overlapping the frame (k); and reconstructing an image of the frame (k) using imaging data for lines of response intersecting areas defined by an overlap between the frame (k) and the preceding frame (k−1) and an overlap between the frame (k) and the succeeding frame (k+1); wherein the reconstruction of the image of the frame (k) is performed during acquisition of imaging data for a second succeeding frame (k+2) which succeeds the succeeding frame (k+1). 21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the method further includes:
reconstructing images for all frames acquired during the operating wherein the reconstructing includes reconstructing the image of the frame (k); and combining the images for all frames acquired during the operating to generate a final image wherein the combining does not include knitting images for neighboring frames together in image space. | 2,400 |
349,335 | 350,209 | 16,758,035 | 2,413 | [Overview] [Problem to be Solved] To provide a wireless communication device that is able to easily switch to an existing system when a new system is constructed by employing a communication scheme using a millimeter wave. [Solution] There is provided a wireless communication device including a first communication controller that executes communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband, a second communication controller that executes communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband, and a connection controller that provides, via the first line, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer. | 1. A wireless communication device comprising:
a first communication controller that executes communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband; a second communication controller that executes communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband; and a connection controller that provides, via the first communication controller, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer. 2. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the connection controller provides the information regarding charging by writing the information regarding charging to a command for performing connection control of the first line as the command of the physical layer. 3. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, further comprising
a charging information controller that manages the information regarding charging to be provided via the first communication controller or the second communication controller. 4. The wireless communication device according to claim 3, wherein the charging information controller performs an authentication process regarding charging with a communication partner. 5. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where authentication regarding charging performed via the first line is erroneous, the charging information controller switches to authentication performed through the second line. 6. A wireless communication device comprising:
a first communication controller that executes communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband; a second communication controller that executes communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband; and a connection controller that receives, via the first communication controller, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer. 7. The wireless communication device according to claim 6, wherein the connection controller receives the information regarding charging which is written in a command for performing connection control of the first line as the command of the physical layer. 8. The wireless communication device according to claim 6, further comprising
a charging information controller that manages the information regarding charging to be received via the first communication controller or the second communication controller. 9. The wireless communication device according to claim 8, wherein the charging information controller performs an authentication process regarding charging with a communication partner. 10. The wireless communication device according to claim 9, wherein, in a case where authentication regarding charging performed via the first line is erroneous, the charging information controller switches to authentication performed through the second line. 11. A wireless communication device comprising
a connection controller that manages a first packet type in which connection or disconnection of a line that uses a radio wave of a millimeter waveband is performed and a second packet type in which provision of information regarding charging is performed as a portion of a MAC command. 12. The wireless communication device according to claim 11, wherein the connection controller performs communication of the MAC command by using a transmission scheme having a link margin larger than a link margin of ordinary data transmission. 13. A wireless communication method comprising:
executing communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband; executing communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband; and providing, via the first line, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer. 14. A wireless communication method comprising:
executing communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband; executing communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband; and receiving, via the first line, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer. 15. A wireless communication method comprising
managing a first packet type in which connection or disconnection of a line that uses a radio wave of a millimeter waveband is performed and a second packet type in which provision of information regarding charging is performed as a portion of a MAC command. | [Overview] [Problem to be Solved] To provide a wireless communication device that is able to easily switch to an existing system when a new system is constructed by employing a communication scheme using a millimeter wave. [Solution] There is provided a wireless communication device including a first communication controller that executes communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband, a second communication controller that executes communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband, and a connection controller that provides, via the first line, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer.1. A wireless communication device comprising:
a first communication controller that executes communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband; a second communication controller that executes communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband; and a connection controller that provides, via the first communication controller, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer. 2. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the connection controller provides the information regarding charging by writing the information regarding charging to a command for performing connection control of the first line as the command of the physical layer. 3. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, further comprising
a charging information controller that manages the information regarding charging to be provided via the first communication controller or the second communication controller. 4. The wireless communication device according to claim 3, wherein the charging information controller performs an authentication process regarding charging with a communication partner. 5. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where authentication regarding charging performed via the first line is erroneous, the charging information controller switches to authentication performed through the second line. 6. A wireless communication device comprising:
a first communication controller that executes communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband; a second communication controller that executes communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband; and a connection controller that receives, via the first communication controller, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer. 7. The wireless communication device according to claim 6, wherein the connection controller receives the information regarding charging which is written in a command for performing connection control of the first line as the command of the physical layer. 8. The wireless communication device according to claim 6, further comprising
a charging information controller that manages the information regarding charging to be received via the first communication controller or the second communication controller. 9. The wireless communication device according to claim 8, wherein the charging information controller performs an authentication process regarding charging with a communication partner. 10. The wireless communication device according to claim 9, wherein, in a case where authentication regarding charging performed via the first line is erroneous, the charging information controller switches to authentication performed through the second line. 11. A wireless communication device comprising
a connection controller that manages a first packet type in which connection or disconnection of a line that uses a radio wave of a millimeter waveband is performed and a second packet type in which provision of information regarding charging is performed as a portion of a MAC command. 12. The wireless communication device according to claim 11, wherein the connection controller performs communication of the MAC command by using a transmission scheme having a link margin larger than a link margin of ordinary data transmission. 13. A wireless communication method comprising:
executing communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband; executing communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband; and providing, via the first line, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer. 14. A wireless communication method comprising:
executing communication control through a first line using a radio wave of a millimeter waveband; executing communication control through a second line using a radio wave of a band other than the millimeter waveband; and receiving, via the first line, information regarding charging by using a command of a physical layer. 15. A wireless communication method comprising
managing a first packet type in which connection or disconnection of a line that uses a radio wave of a millimeter waveband is performed and a second packet type in which provision of information regarding charging is performed as a portion of a MAC command. | 2,400 |
349,336 | 350,210 | 16,758,021 | 2,413 | It is aimed to provide a harness component capable of preventing liquid penetration from between conductors of wires to a mating connector on which a connector case is mounted, and improving workability and productivity during manufacturing. A harness component (1) includes a connector case (7), a plurality of connector terminals (2) arranged in the connector case (7), a plurality of wires (3) electrically connected to the connector terminals (2) and sealing members (5) arranged in clearances between mounting portions (24) formed on the respective connector terminals (2) and the connector case (7). An outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion (24) and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing member (5) and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member (5) and an inner peripheral surface of the connector case (7) are in close contact with each other. The connector terminal (2) is formed with a penetration preventing portion (251) for preventing liquid penetration. | 1. A harness component, comprising:
a connector case; connector terminals arranged in the connector case; wires respectively electrically connected to the connector terminals; and a sealing member arranged in a clearance between a mounting portion formed on the connector terminal, a solid conductor portion of the wire or a relay conductor composed of one conductor for relaying the connector terminal and the wire and the connector case. 2. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the sealing member is arranged in the clearance between the mounting portion of the connector terminal and the connector case; a penetration preventing portion for preventing liquid penetration is formed in the mounting portion or a part located on a side opposite to a side connected to the wire across the mounting portion in the connector terminal, and an outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing member are in close contact with each other, and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member and an inner peripheral surface of the connector case are in close contact with each other. 3. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the sealing member is arranged in the clearance between the mounting portion of the conductor portion and the connector case; the mounting portion is made of a solid material preventing liquid penetration, and an outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing member are in close contact with each other, and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member and an inner peripheral surface of the connector case are in close contact with each other. 4. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the sealing member is arranged in the clearance between the mounting portion of the relay conductor and the connector case; and an outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing member are in close contact with each other, and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member and an inner peripheral surface of the connector case are in close contact with each other. 5. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the connector case is provided with insertion holes, the connector terminals being inserted respectively into the insertion holes, and the sealing members mounted respectively on the mounting portions, and are arranged respectively in the insertion holes and are held in close contact with an outer peripheral surface of the respective mounting portions and an inner peripheral surface of the respective insertion holes. 6. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the connector case is provided with insertion holes, the connector terminals being inserted respectively into the isertion holes, and a communication hole communicating with the insertion holes, sealing member includes seal arrangement holes, the mounting portions being arranged respectively in the seal arrangement holes, and an outer peripheral surface of each of the mounting portions and an inner peripheral surface of each of the of seal arrangement holes are in close contact with each other, and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member and an inner peripheral surface of the communication hole are in close contact with each other. 7. The harness component of claim 2, wherein:
the wire includes bundled conductors and an insulating coating layer coating the conductors, the mounting portion is formed to have a tubular shape in a part of the connector terminal in a longitudinal direction, and the penetration preventing portion is a bottom portion in an arrangement hole, the conductor portion of the wire being arranged in the arrangement hole, the arrangement hole including an inside of the mounting portion. 8. The harness component of claim 7, wherein:
the connector terminal is formed by a bent plate, the mounting portion is formed as a tubular portion rolled into a tube in the plate, and the arrangement hole is formed inside the tubular portion and the bottom portion is formed by a closing portion obtained by deforming a part of the tubular portion. 9. The component of claim 3, wherein:
the wire is a single-core wire including one conductor and an insulating coating layer coating the conductor, and the mounting portion is formed by a part of the conductor projecting from an end part of the insulating coating layer in the single-core wire. 10. The component of claim 4, wherein:
the relay conductor is formed into a shaft shape, the relay conductor and the wire are coupled by a connection terminal including a first connecting portion connected to the relay conductor and a second connecting portion connected to the wire, and the connection terminal is formed with a projection configured to contact with an insertion hole of the connector case. | It is aimed to provide a harness component capable of preventing liquid penetration from between conductors of wires to a mating connector on which a connector case is mounted, and improving workability and productivity during manufacturing. A harness component (1) includes a connector case (7), a plurality of connector terminals (2) arranged in the connector case (7), a plurality of wires (3) electrically connected to the connector terminals (2) and sealing members (5) arranged in clearances between mounting portions (24) formed on the respective connector terminals (2) and the connector case (7). An outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion (24) and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing member (5) and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member (5) and an inner peripheral surface of the connector case (7) are in close contact with each other. The connector terminal (2) is formed with a penetration preventing portion (251) for preventing liquid penetration.1. A harness component, comprising:
a connector case; connector terminals arranged in the connector case; wires respectively electrically connected to the connector terminals; and a sealing member arranged in a clearance between a mounting portion formed on the connector terminal, a solid conductor portion of the wire or a relay conductor composed of one conductor for relaying the connector terminal and the wire and the connector case. 2. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the sealing member is arranged in the clearance between the mounting portion of the connector terminal and the connector case; a penetration preventing portion for preventing liquid penetration is formed in the mounting portion or a part located on a side opposite to a side connected to the wire across the mounting portion in the connector terminal, and an outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing member are in close contact with each other, and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member and an inner peripheral surface of the connector case are in close contact with each other. 3. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the sealing member is arranged in the clearance between the mounting portion of the conductor portion and the connector case; the mounting portion is made of a solid material preventing liquid penetration, and an outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing member are in close contact with each other, and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member and an inner peripheral surface of the connector case are in close contact with each other. 4. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the sealing member is arranged in the clearance between the mounting portion of the relay conductor and the connector case; and an outer peripheral surface of the mounting portion and an inner peripheral surface of the sealing member are in close contact with each other, and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member and an inner peripheral surface of the connector case are in close contact with each other. 5. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the connector case is provided with insertion holes, the connector terminals being inserted respectively into the insertion holes, and the sealing members mounted respectively on the mounting portions, and are arranged respectively in the insertion holes and are held in close contact with an outer peripheral surface of the respective mounting portions and an inner peripheral surface of the respective insertion holes. 6. The harness component of claim 1, wherein:
the connector case is provided with insertion holes, the connector terminals being inserted respectively into the isertion holes, and a communication hole communicating with the insertion holes, sealing member includes seal arrangement holes, the mounting portions being arranged respectively in the seal arrangement holes, and an outer peripheral surface of each of the mounting portions and an inner peripheral surface of each of the of seal arrangement holes are in close contact with each other, and an outer peripheral surface of the sealing member and an inner peripheral surface of the communication hole are in close contact with each other. 7. The harness component of claim 2, wherein:
the wire includes bundled conductors and an insulating coating layer coating the conductors, the mounting portion is formed to have a tubular shape in a part of the connector terminal in a longitudinal direction, and the penetration preventing portion is a bottom portion in an arrangement hole, the conductor portion of the wire being arranged in the arrangement hole, the arrangement hole including an inside of the mounting portion. 8. The harness component of claim 7, wherein:
the connector terminal is formed by a bent plate, the mounting portion is formed as a tubular portion rolled into a tube in the plate, and the arrangement hole is formed inside the tubular portion and the bottom portion is formed by a closing portion obtained by deforming a part of the tubular portion. 9. The component of claim 3, wherein:
the wire is a single-core wire including one conductor and an insulating coating layer coating the conductor, and the mounting portion is formed by a part of the conductor projecting from an end part of the insulating coating layer in the single-core wire. 10. The component of claim 4, wherein:
the relay conductor is formed into a shaft shape, the relay conductor and the wire are coupled by a connection terminal including a first connecting portion connected to the relay conductor and a second connecting portion connected to the wire, and the connection terminal is formed with a projection configured to contact with an insertion hole of the connector case. | 2,400 |
349,337 | 350,211 | 16,758,039 | 2,413 | The present technology relates to a solid-state imaging device and electronic equipment to suppress degradation of Dark characteristics. A photoelectric converting unit configured to perform photoelectric conversion, and a PN junction region including a P-type region and an N-type region on a side of a light incident surface of the photoelectric converting unit are included. Further, on a vertical cross-section, the PN junction region is formed at three sides including a side of the light incident surface among four sides enclosing the photoelectric converting unit. Further, a trench which penetrates through a semiconductor substrate in a depth direction and which is formed between the photoelectric converting units each formed at adjacent pixels is included, and the PN junction region is also provided on a side wall of the trench. The present technology can be applied, for example, to a backside irradiation type CMOS image sensor. | 1. A solid-state imaging device comprising:
a photoelectric converting unit configured to perform photoelectric conversion; and a PN junction region including a P-type region and an N-type region on a side of a light incident surface of the photoelectric converting unit. 2. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein, on a vertical cross-section, the PN junction region is formed at three sides including a side of the light incident surface among four sides enclosing the photoelectric converting unit. 3. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a trench that penetrates through a semiconductor substrate in a depth direction and is formed between the photoelectric converting units each formed at adjacent pixels, wherein the PN junction region is also provided on a side wall of the trench. 4. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 3,
wherein the PN junction region formed on the side wall of the trench and the PN junction region formed on the side of the light incident surface of the photoelectric converting unit are made a continuous region. 5. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the photoelectric converting unit is an N-type region, and concentration of N-type impurities in the N-type region of the PN junction region is a same level or higher than concentration of N-type impurities of the photoelectric converting unit. 6. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein an active region adjacent to the photoelectric converting unit is a P-type region, and concentration of P-type impurities in the P-type region of the PN junction region is higher than concentration of P-type impurities of the active region. 7. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein concentration of N-type impurities of the N-type region is between 1e15 cm-3 and 1e17 cm-3. 8. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein concentration of P-type impurities of the P-type region is between 1e16 cm-3 and 1e17 cm-3. 9. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein a plurality of vertical transistor trenches is provided at a transfer transistor, and lengths of the plurality of vertical transistor trenches are different. 10. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 9,
wherein at least one vertical transistor trench among the plurality of vertical transistor trenches is in contact with the PN junction region. 11. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 9,
wherein at least one vertical transistor trench among the plurality of vertical transistor trenches is formed to a position deeper than equal to or greater than ½ of the photoelectric converting unit. 12. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the P-type region and the N-type region are solid-phase diffused layers. 13. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the PN junction region is formed so as to cover a backside of the photoelectric converting unit except part of the backside. 14. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the PN junction region is discontinuously formed on a backside of the photoelectric converting unit. 15. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the P-type region and the N-type region are regions formed by solid-phase diffusion being performed at a cavity formed using a silicon on nothing (SON) technology. 16. Electronic equipment on which a solid-state imaging device is mounted,
wherein the solid-state imaging device includes a photoelectric converting unit configured to perform photoelectric conversion, and a PN junction region including a P-type region and an N-type region on a side of a light incident surface of the photoelectric converting unit. | The present technology relates to a solid-state imaging device and electronic equipment to suppress degradation of Dark characteristics. A photoelectric converting unit configured to perform photoelectric conversion, and a PN junction region including a P-type region and an N-type region on a side of a light incident surface of the photoelectric converting unit are included. Further, on a vertical cross-section, the PN junction region is formed at three sides including a side of the light incident surface among four sides enclosing the photoelectric converting unit. Further, a trench which penetrates through a semiconductor substrate in a depth direction and which is formed between the photoelectric converting units each formed at adjacent pixels is included, and the PN junction region is also provided on a side wall of the trench. The present technology can be applied, for example, to a backside irradiation type CMOS image sensor.1. A solid-state imaging device comprising:
a photoelectric converting unit configured to perform photoelectric conversion; and a PN junction region including a P-type region and an N-type region on a side of a light incident surface of the photoelectric converting unit. 2. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein, on a vertical cross-section, the PN junction region is formed at three sides including a side of the light incident surface among four sides enclosing the photoelectric converting unit. 3. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a trench that penetrates through a semiconductor substrate in a depth direction and is formed between the photoelectric converting units each formed at adjacent pixels, wherein the PN junction region is also provided on a side wall of the trench. 4. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 3,
wherein the PN junction region formed on the side wall of the trench and the PN junction region formed on the side of the light incident surface of the photoelectric converting unit are made a continuous region. 5. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the photoelectric converting unit is an N-type region, and concentration of N-type impurities in the N-type region of the PN junction region is a same level or higher than concentration of N-type impurities of the photoelectric converting unit. 6. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein an active region adjacent to the photoelectric converting unit is a P-type region, and concentration of P-type impurities in the P-type region of the PN junction region is higher than concentration of P-type impurities of the active region. 7. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein concentration of N-type impurities of the N-type region is between 1e15 cm-3 and 1e17 cm-3. 8. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein concentration of P-type impurities of the P-type region is between 1e16 cm-3 and 1e17 cm-3. 9. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein a plurality of vertical transistor trenches is provided at a transfer transistor, and lengths of the plurality of vertical transistor trenches are different. 10. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 9,
wherein at least one vertical transistor trench among the plurality of vertical transistor trenches is in contact with the PN junction region. 11. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 9,
wherein at least one vertical transistor trench among the plurality of vertical transistor trenches is formed to a position deeper than equal to or greater than ½ of the photoelectric converting unit. 12. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the P-type region and the N-type region are solid-phase diffused layers. 13. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the PN junction region is formed so as to cover a backside of the photoelectric converting unit except part of the backside. 14. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the PN junction region is discontinuously formed on a backside of the photoelectric converting unit. 15. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,
wherein the P-type region and the N-type region are regions formed by solid-phase diffusion being performed at a cavity formed using a silicon on nothing (SON) technology. 16. Electronic equipment on which a solid-state imaging device is mounted,
wherein the solid-state imaging device includes a photoelectric converting unit configured to perform photoelectric conversion, and a PN junction region including a P-type region and an N-type region on a side of a light incident surface of the photoelectric converting unit. | 2,400 |
349,338 | 350,212 | 16,758,000 | 2,413 | A method to assign a service flow classification for a client device that is performed at a network interface device includes accessing a configuration file having an interface mask, and correlating interface mask bit values with at least one port of the network interface. The network interface device associates the client device with the at least one port of the network interface device and assigns a service flow classification based on the interface mask bit values for an access request received by the network interface device from the client device. The network interface device then communicates with a virtual local area network mapping device using the service flow classification. The virtual local area network mapping device maps the service flow into a VLAN for the service flow of the client device. | 1. A method performed at a network interface device, the method comprising:
accessing configuration data representative of an interface mask, and correlating data values of the interface mask with ports of the network interface device; associating a client device with one of the ports of the network interface device; assigning a service flow classification based on the data values for an access request received by the network interface device from the client device; and communicating with a virtual local area network mapping device using the service flow classification. 2. A network interface device comprising at least one processor configured to perform:
accessing configuration data representative of an interface mask, and correlating data values of the interface mask with ports of the network interface device; associating a client device with one of the ports of the network interface device; assigning a service flow classification based on the data values for an access request received by the network interface device from the client device; and communicating with a virtual local area network mapping device using the service flow classification. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein accessing the configuration data representative of the interface mask comprises accessing a configuration file having an interface mask containing a plurality of bit values corresponding to local area network ports within a cable modem or gateway. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the interface mask is a cable modem interface mask. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the client device comprises associating the client device or a virtual internal host with at least one of a plurality of local area network ports of the network interface device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the client device is connected to an external local area network port and the virtual internal host is a logical virtual interface embedded within a cable modem or gateway. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating with a virtual local area network mapping device comprises communicating with one of a cable media converter or a cable modem termination system. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating with a virtual local area network mapping device comprises communicating using an RF cable interface of the network interface device to the virtual local area network mapping device, wherein the virtual local area network mapping device maps the assigned service flow classification into a virtual local area network for the client device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the RF cable interface of the network interface device is a DOCSIS interface of a cable modem or gateway. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual local area network mapping device is a cable media converter or a cable modem termination system and the client device is one of a laptop or a personal computer. 11. The method of claim 1, further configured for, in a cable media converter or cable modem termination system, assigning the service flow of the client device to a specific virtual local area network, wherein the client device or an internal host instance of a cable modem or gateway communicates with a head-end network using the specific assigned virtual local area network. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein assigning the service flow of the client device to a specific virtual local area network comprises applying an administrator mapping for a service flow of the cable modem or gateway to a specific virtual local area network according to a policy. 13. The network device of claim 2, wherein the network interface device comprises a cable modem or gateway. 14.-15. (canceled) 16. An apparatus comprising:
a local area network port that connects to a client device; a storage device that stores a configuration file having an interface mask; a processor that connects to the storage device that accesses the interface mask and correlates an interface mask bit value with the local area network port; the processor that associates the client device with the local area network port, the processor assigning a service flow classification based on the interface mask bit value for an access request received by the apparatus from the client device; and a transmitter/receiver that communicates with a virtual local area network mapping device using the service flow classification. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the storage device stores a configuration file having an interface mask containing a plurality of bit values corresponding to local area network ports within a cable modem or gateway. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the interface mask is a cable modem interface mask. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor associates the client device or a virtual internal host of the apparatus with at least one of a plurality of local area network ports of the apparatus. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the client device is connected to an external local area network port and the virtual internal host is a logical virtual interface embedded within a cable modem or gateway. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transmitter/receiver communicates with one of a cable media converter or a cable modem termination system. 22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transmitter/receiver communicates using an RF cable interface of the apparatus to the virtual local area network mapping device, wherein the virtual local area network mapping device maps the assigned service flow classification into a virtual local area network for the client device. 23.-26. (canceled) | A method to assign a service flow classification for a client device that is performed at a network interface device includes accessing a configuration file having an interface mask, and correlating interface mask bit values with at least one port of the network interface. The network interface device associates the client device with the at least one port of the network interface device and assigns a service flow classification based on the interface mask bit values for an access request received by the network interface device from the client device. The network interface device then communicates with a virtual local area network mapping device using the service flow classification. The virtual local area network mapping device maps the service flow into a VLAN for the service flow of the client device.1. A method performed at a network interface device, the method comprising:
accessing configuration data representative of an interface mask, and correlating data values of the interface mask with ports of the network interface device; associating a client device with one of the ports of the network interface device; assigning a service flow classification based on the data values for an access request received by the network interface device from the client device; and communicating with a virtual local area network mapping device using the service flow classification. 2. A network interface device comprising at least one processor configured to perform:
accessing configuration data representative of an interface mask, and correlating data values of the interface mask with ports of the network interface device; associating a client device with one of the ports of the network interface device; assigning a service flow classification based on the data values for an access request received by the network interface device from the client device; and communicating with a virtual local area network mapping device using the service flow classification. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein accessing the configuration data representative of the interface mask comprises accessing a configuration file having an interface mask containing a plurality of bit values corresponding to local area network ports within a cable modem or gateway. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the interface mask is a cable modem interface mask. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the client device comprises associating the client device or a virtual internal host with at least one of a plurality of local area network ports of the network interface device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the client device is connected to an external local area network port and the virtual internal host is a logical virtual interface embedded within a cable modem or gateway. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating with a virtual local area network mapping device comprises communicating with one of a cable media converter or a cable modem termination system. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein communicating with a virtual local area network mapping device comprises communicating using an RF cable interface of the network interface device to the virtual local area network mapping device, wherein the virtual local area network mapping device maps the assigned service flow classification into a virtual local area network for the client device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the RF cable interface of the network interface device is a DOCSIS interface of a cable modem or gateway. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual local area network mapping device is a cable media converter or a cable modem termination system and the client device is one of a laptop or a personal computer. 11. The method of claim 1, further configured for, in a cable media converter or cable modem termination system, assigning the service flow of the client device to a specific virtual local area network, wherein the client device or an internal host instance of a cable modem or gateway communicates with a head-end network using the specific assigned virtual local area network. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein assigning the service flow of the client device to a specific virtual local area network comprises applying an administrator mapping for a service flow of the cable modem or gateway to a specific virtual local area network according to a policy. 13. The network device of claim 2, wherein the network interface device comprises a cable modem or gateway. 14.-15. (canceled) 16. An apparatus comprising:
a local area network port that connects to a client device; a storage device that stores a configuration file having an interface mask; a processor that connects to the storage device that accesses the interface mask and correlates an interface mask bit value with the local area network port; the processor that associates the client device with the local area network port, the processor assigning a service flow classification based on the interface mask bit value for an access request received by the apparatus from the client device; and a transmitter/receiver that communicates with a virtual local area network mapping device using the service flow classification. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the storage device stores a configuration file having an interface mask containing a plurality of bit values corresponding to local area network ports within a cable modem or gateway. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the interface mask is a cable modem interface mask. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor associates the client device or a virtual internal host of the apparatus with at least one of a plurality of local area network ports of the apparatus. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the client device is connected to an external local area network port and the virtual internal host is a logical virtual interface embedded within a cable modem or gateway. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transmitter/receiver communicates with one of a cable media converter or a cable modem termination system. 22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transmitter/receiver communicates using an RF cable interface of the apparatus to the virtual local area network mapping device, wherein the virtual local area network mapping device maps the assigned service flow classification into a virtual local area network for the client device. 23.-26. (canceled) | 2,400 |
349,339 | 350,213 | 16,758,027 | 2,413 | A method for calculating wellbore casing wear is provided that includes determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment, calculating a casing shape within the open hole wellbore segment based on one or more casing attributes, determining whether or not the casing shape exceeds the wellbore boundary, calculating casing wear based on the boundary of the open hole wellbore segment if the casing shape is determined to exceed the wellbore boundary, otherwise calculating the casing wear parameter based on the casing shape if the casing shape is determined not to exceed the wellbore boundary, and storing the casing wear parameter on a computer readable medium. | 1. A method for calculating wellbore casing wear comprising:
determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment; calculating a casing shape within the open hole wellbore segment based on one or more casing attributes; determining whether or not the casing shape exceeds the wellbore boundary; calculating casing wear based on the boundary of the open hole wellbore segment if the casing shape is determined to exceed the wellbore boundary; otherwise calculating the casing wear based on the casing shape if the casing shape is determined not to exceed the wellbore boundary; and storing the casing wear parameter on a computer readable medium. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more casing attributes includes a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating a casing shape utilizes continuous beam theory. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment is at least partially based on a tortuosity parameter of the open hole wellbore segment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment is based at least in part on survey data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more casing attributes includes a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight and wherein the step of calculating a casing shape utilizes continuous beam theory. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment is based at least in part on survey data. 8. A method comprising:
receiving a wellbore tortuosity for one or more open hole wellbore segments; calculating a wellbore boundary for the one or more open hole wellbore segments using the wellbore tortuosity; calculating a casing deflection within the one or more open hole wellbore segments based at least in part on one or more casing attributes; determining whether or not the casing deflection exceeds the wellbore boundary; calculating casing wear based on a wellbore tortuosity parameter if the casing deflection is outside the wellbore boundary; calculating the casing wear based on a deformed casing shape if the casing deflection is inside the wellbore boundary; calculating the casing wear based on an adjusted casing shape parameter if the casing deflection is outside the wellbore boundary; and recording the casing wear on one or more tangible, non-volatile computer-readable media thereby creating a casing wellbore wear product. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the one or more casing attributes includes a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of calculating a casing deflection utilizes continuous beam theory. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of calculating a boundary of an open hole wellbore segment is at least partially based on a tortuosity of the one or more open hole wellbore segments. 12. The method of claim 8, the step of calculating a casing deflection within the one or more open hole wellbore segments is based at least in part on one or more casing attributes and the wellbore tortuosity. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more casing attributes includes a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight and wherein the step of calculating a casing deflection utilizes continuous beam theory. 14. A system for assessing wellbore casing wear comprising:
an information handling system comprising:
at least one memory operable to store computer-executable instructions;
at least one communications interface to access the at least one memory; and
at least one processor configured to access the at least one memory via the at least one communications interface and execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive one or more wellbore tortuosity inputs for one or more open hole wellbore segments; calculate a wellbore boundary based on the one or more wellbore tortuosity inputs; calculate a casing shape within the one or more open hole wellbore segments based on one or more casing attributes; determine whether or not the casing shape exceeds the wellbore boundary; calculate a casing wear parameter based on the wellbore boundary of the one or more open hole wellbore segments if the casing shape is determined to exceed the wellbore boundary; otherwise calculate the casing wear parameter based on the casing shape if the casing shape is determined not to exceed the wellbore boundary; and store the casing wear on a computer readable medium. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more casing attributes include a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-executable instructions to calculate a casing shape utilizes continuous beam theory. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-executable instructions to receive one or more wellbore tortuosity inputs for one or more open hole wellbore segments receives the one or more tortuosity inputs from a wellbore survey data. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions to determine a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment is based at least in part on survey data. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the computer-executable instructions to calculate a casing shape utilizes continuous beam theory. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-executable instructions to calculate a casing shape within the one or more open hole wellbore segments is based on one or more casing attributes and the one or more wellbore tortuosity inputs. | A method for calculating wellbore casing wear is provided that includes determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment, calculating a casing shape within the open hole wellbore segment based on one or more casing attributes, determining whether or not the casing shape exceeds the wellbore boundary, calculating casing wear based on the boundary of the open hole wellbore segment if the casing shape is determined to exceed the wellbore boundary, otherwise calculating the casing wear parameter based on the casing shape if the casing shape is determined not to exceed the wellbore boundary, and storing the casing wear parameter on a computer readable medium.1. A method for calculating wellbore casing wear comprising:
determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment; calculating a casing shape within the open hole wellbore segment based on one or more casing attributes; determining whether or not the casing shape exceeds the wellbore boundary; calculating casing wear based on the boundary of the open hole wellbore segment if the casing shape is determined to exceed the wellbore boundary; otherwise calculating the casing wear based on the casing shape if the casing shape is determined not to exceed the wellbore boundary; and storing the casing wear parameter on a computer readable medium. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more casing attributes includes a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating a casing shape utilizes continuous beam theory. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment is at least partially based on a tortuosity parameter of the open hole wellbore segment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment is based at least in part on survey data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more casing attributes includes a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight and wherein the step of calculating a casing shape utilizes continuous beam theory. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of determining a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment is based at least in part on survey data. 8. A method comprising:
receiving a wellbore tortuosity for one or more open hole wellbore segments; calculating a wellbore boundary for the one or more open hole wellbore segments using the wellbore tortuosity; calculating a casing deflection within the one or more open hole wellbore segments based at least in part on one or more casing attributes; determining whether or not the casing deflection exceeds the wellbore boundary; calculating casing wear based on a wellbore tortuosity parameter if the casing deflection is outside the wellbore boundary; calculating the casing wear based on a deformed casing shape if the casing deflection is inside the wellbore boundary; calculating the casing wear based on an adjusted casing shape parameter if the casing deflection is outside the wellbore boundary; and recording the casing wear on one or more tangible, non-volatile computer-readable media thereby creating a casing wellbore wear product. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the one or more casing attributes includes a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of calculating a casing deflection utilizes continuous beam theory. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of calculating a boundary of an open hole wellbore segment is at least partially based on a tortuosity of the one or more open hole wellbore segments. 12. The method of claim 8, the step of calculating a casing deflection within the one or more open hole wellbore segments is based at least in part on one or more casing attributes and the wellbore tortuosity. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more casing attributes includes a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight and wherein the step of calculating a casing deflection utilizes continuous beam theory. 14. A system for assessing wellbore casing wear comprising:
an information handling system comprising:
at least one memory operable to store computer-executable instructions;
at least one communications interface to access the at least one memory; and
at least one processor configured to access the at least one memory via the at least one communications interface and execute the computer-executable instructions to:
receive one or more wellbore tortuosity inputs for one or more open hole wellbore segments; calculate a wellbore boundary based on the one or more wellbore tortuosity inputs; calculate a casing shape within the one or more open hole wellbore segments based on one or more casing attributes; determine whether or not the casing shape exceeds the wellbore boundary; calculate a casing wear parameter based on the wellbore boundary of the one or more open hole wellbore segments if the casing shape is determined to exceed the wellbore boundary; otherwise calculate the casing wear parameter based on the casing shape if the casing shape is determined not to exceed the wellbore boundary; and store the casing wear on a computer readable medium. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more casing attributes include a casing length, a casing stiffness, and a casing self-weight. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-executable instructions to calculate a casing shape utilizes continuous beam theory. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-executable instructions to receive one or more wellbore tortuosity inputs for one or more open hole wellbore segments receives the one or more tortuosity inputs from a wellbore survey data. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions to determine a wellbore boundary for an open hole wellbore segment is based at least in part on survey data. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the computer-executable instructions to calculate a casing shape utilizes continuous beam theory. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-executable instructions to calculate a casing shape within the one or more open hole wellbore segments is based on one or more casing attributes and the one or more wellbore tortuosity inputs. | 2,400 |
349,340 | 350,214 | 16,758,024 | 2,413 | The preset disclosure discloses a display substrate and a display device. The display substrate includes a signal line. The display substrate further includes: a discharge-limiting component, and an orthographic projection of the discharge-limiting component on the base substrate of the display substrate and an orthographic projection of the signal line on the base substrate at least partially overlap. | 1. A display substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a signal line provided on the base substrate; a first discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate; wherein an orthographic projection of the first discharge-limiting component on the base substrate of the display substrate and an orthographic projection of the signal line on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 2. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the orthographic projection of the first discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of an end portion of the signal line on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 3. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein the display substrate further comprises a passivation layer covering the signal line; the first discharge-limiting component is directly formed on a surface of the passivation layer away from the signal line, and the orthographic projection of the first discharge-limiting component on the base substrate covers the orthographic projection of the end portion of the signal line on the base substrate. 4. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first discharge-limiting component has an elongated shape along an extending direction of the signal line, and has a portion extending beyond the end portion of the signal line. 5. The display substrate according to claim 4, wherein, along the extending direction of the signal line, a length of the portion of the first discharge-limiting component extending beyond the end portion of the signal line is greater than or equal to about 0.5 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm. 6. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the signal line has a polyline shape and comprises at least one bending portion, the orthographic projection of the first discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the bending portion of the signal line on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 7. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the display substrate further comprises a second discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate, a lead for signal line provided on the base substrate, and a connection via for connecting the signal line to the lead for signal line; an orthographic projection of the second discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the connection via on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 8. The display substrate according to claim 7, wherein the orthographic projection of the second discharge-limiting component on the base substrate covers the orthographic projection of the connection via on the base substrate. 9. The display substrate according to claim 8, wherein the display substrate further comprises a passivation layer covering the signal line and the connection via; the second discharge-limiting component is directly formed on a surface of the passivation layer away from the signal line. 10. The display substrate according to claim 7, wherein the display substrate further comprises:
a first electrostatic protection line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection unit connected to the signal line and the first electrostatic protection line respectively; and a third discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate; wherein, an orthographic projection of the third discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the first electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 11. The display substrate according to claim 10, wherein the first electrostatic protection line is connected to a common electrode line. 12. The display substrate according to claim 11, wherein the display substrate further comprises:
a fourth discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate; and a second electrostatic protection unit connected to the first electrostatic protection line and the common electrode line respectively; wherein, an orthographic projection of the fourth discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the second electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 13. The display substrate according to claim 12, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth discharge-limiting components each comprise a resin member. 14. The display substrate according to claim 12, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth discharge-limiting components each have a thickness of about 1 μm to about 3 μm in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 15. The display substrate according to claim 12, wherein the signal line comprises a gate line and/or a data line. 16. A display substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a signal line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection unit connected to the signal line and the first electrostatic protection line respectively; and a discharge-limiting component; wherein an orthographic projection of the discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the first electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 17. The display substrate according to claim 16, wherein the orthographic projection of the discharge-limiting component on the base substrate covers the orthographic projection of the first electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate. 18. The display substrate according to claim 17, wherein the first electrostatic protection line is connected to a common electrode line. 19. The display substrate according to claim 18, wherein the display substrate further comprises:
a second electrostatic protection unit connected to the first electrostatic protection line and the common electrode line respectively; and another discharge-limiting component; wherein, an orthographic projection of the another discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the second electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. A display substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a signal line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection line provided on the base substrate; a common electrode line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection unit connected to the signal line and the first electrostatic protection line respectively; a second electrostatic protection unit connected to the first electrostatic protection line and the common electrode line respectively; and a discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate; wherein an orthographic projection of the discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the second electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) | The preset disclosure discloses a display substrate and a display device. The display substrate includes a signal line. The display substrate further includes: a discharge-limiting component, and an orthographic projection of the discharge-limiting component on the base substrate of the display substrate and an orthographic projection of the signal line on the base substrate at least partially overlap.1. A display substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a signal line provided on the base substrate; a first discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate; wherein an orthographic projection of the first discharge-limiting component on the base substrate of the display substrate and an orthographic projection of the signal line on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 2. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the orthographic projection of the first discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of an end portion of the signal line on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 3. The display substrate according to claim 2, wherein the display substrate further comprises a passivation layer covering the signal line; the first discharge-limiting component is directly formed on a surface of the passivation layer away from the signal line, and the orthographic projection of the first discharge-limiting component on the base substrate covers the orthographic projection of the end portion of the signal line on the base substrate. 4. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first discharge-limiting component has an elongated shape along an extending direction of the signal line, and has a portion extending beyond the end portion of the signal line. 5. The display substrate according to claim 4, wherein, along the extending direction of the signal line, a length of the portion of the first discharge-limiting component extending beyond the end portion of the signal line is greater than or equal to about 0.5 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm. 6. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the signal line has a polyline shape and comprises at least one bending portion, the orthographic projection of the first discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the bending portion of the signal line on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 7. The display substrate according to claim 1, wherein the display substrate further comprises a second discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate, a lead for signal line provided on the base substrate, and a connection via for connecting the signal line to the lead for signal line; an orthographic projection of the second discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the connection via on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 8. The display substrate according to claim 7, wherein the orthographic projection of the second discharge-limiting component on the base substrate covers the orthographic projection of the connection via on the base substrate. 9. The display substrate according to claim 8, wherein the display substrate further comprises a passivation layer covering the signal line and the connection via; the second discharge-limiting component is directly formed on a surface of the passivation layer away from the signal line. 10. The display substrate according to claim 7, wherein the display substrate further comprises:
a first electrostatic protection line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection unit connected to the signal line and the first electrostatic protection line respectively; and a third discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate; wherein, an orthographic projection of the third discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the first electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 11. The display substrate according to claim 10, wherein the first electrostatic protection line is connected to a common electrode line. 12. The display substrate according to claim 11, wherein the display substrate further comprises:
a fourth discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate; and a second electrostatic protection unit connected to the first electrostatic protection line and the common electrode line respectively; wherein, an orthographic projection of the fourth discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the second electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 13. The display substrate according to claim 12, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth discharge-limiting components each comprise a resin member. 14. The display substrate according to claim 12, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth discharge-limiting components each have a thickness of about 1 μm to about 3 μm in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate. 15. The display substrate according to claim 12, wherein the signal line comprises a gate line and/or a data line. 16. A display substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a signal line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection unit connected to the signal line and the first electrostatic protection line respectively; and a discharge-limiting component; wherein an orthographic projection of the discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the first electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 17. The display substrate according to claim 16, wherein the orthographic projection of the discharge-limiting component on the base substrate covers the orthographic projection of the first electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate. 18. The display substrate according to claim 17, wherein the first electrostatic protection line is connected to a common electrode line. 19. The display substrate according to claim 18, wherein the display substrate further comprises:
a second electrostatic protection unit connected to the first electrostatic protection line and the common electrode line respectively; and another discharge-limiting component; wherein, an orthographic projection of the another discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the second electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. A display substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a signal line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection line provided on the base substrate; a common electrode line provided on the base substrate; a first electrostatic protection unit connected to the signal line and the first electrostatic protection line respectively; a second electrostatic protection unit connected to the first electrostatic protection line and the common electrode line respectively; and a discharge-limiting component provided on the base substrate; wherein an orthographic projection of the discharge-limiting component on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the second electrostatic protection unit on the base substrate at least partially overlap. 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) 26. (canceled) | 2,400 |
349,341 | 350,215 | 16,758,036 | 1,783 | A display device includes a plurality of arrayed light output sections 21 covered with a laminated structure 30; the laminated structure 30 includes a plurality of laminated layers, a light output surface 30A is flat, and plural recessed and projected sections 52 are formed on an interface of at least one layer (recessed and projected section forming layer 51) positioned in the laminated structure 30. | 1. A display device including a plurality of arrayed light output sections covered with a laminated structure, wherein
the laminated structure includes a plurality of laminated layers, and a light output surface is flat, and plural recessed and projected sections are formed on an interface of at least one layer positioned in the laminated structure. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the laminated structure includes a light passing region through which light outputted from each of the light output sections passes and a light non-passing region which is positioned outside the light passing region and which blocks passage of the light outputted from the light output section, and the at least one layer positioned in the laminated structure is positioned in the light non-passing region, and a recessed and projected section is formed on an interface on a light output side of the at least one layer positioned in the laminated structure. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein
the layer on which the plural recessed and projected section are formed includes a material that blocks passage of light. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
0<α≤θc/2 is satisfied in which θc is a critical angle to air of a material constituting a layer that adjoins, on a light output side, the layer on which the plural recessed and projected sections are formed and a is a maximum inclination of a slope of each of the recessed and projected sections. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
a value of a is between one degree and two degrees. 6. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
a cross-section of a slope cut by a virtual plane including an axis of each of the recessed and projected sections includes a curve. 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
an antireflection membrane is formed on the light output surface of the laminated structure. 8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
a planar shape of each of the recessed and projected sections includes at least one type of shape selected from a group including a plurality of concentric circles, a plurality of concentric rectangles, a plurality of concentric polygons, a set of a plurality of line segments extending radially, a plurality of dots regularly arrayed, and a set of line segments that are line-asymmetric, point-asymmetric, and rotationally asymmetric. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plural recessed and projected sections is placed on a vertex of a rectangle, on a vertex of a hexagon, or radially. 10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
outside light incident from the light output surface of the laminated structure is reflected by the layer on which the plural recessed and projected sections are formed and is outputted from the light output surface of the laminated structure. 11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the light output sections include light emitting diodes. 12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the light output sections include semiconductor laser elements. 13. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the light output sections include electroluminescence elements. 14. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the light output sections include liquid crystal display elements. | A display device includes a plurality of arrayed light output sections 21 covered with a laminated structure 30; the laminated structure 30 includes a plurality of laminated layers, a light output surface 30A is flat, and plural recessed and projected sections 52 are formed on an interface of at least one layer (recessed and projected section forming layer 51) positioned in the laminated structure 30.1. A display device including a plurality of arrayed light output sections covered with a laminated structure, wherein
the laminated structure includes a plurality of laminated layers, and a light output surface is flat, and plural recessed and projected sections are formed on an interface of at least one layer positioned in the laminated structure. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the laminated structure includes a light passing region through which light outputted from each of the light output sections passes and a light non-passing region which is positioned outside the light passing region and which blocks passage of the light outputted from the light output section, and the at least one layer positioned in the laminated structure is positioned in the light non-passing region, and a recessed and projected section is formed on an interface on a light output side of the at least one layer positioned in the laminated structure. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein
the layer on which the plural recessed and projected section are formed includes a material that blocks passage of light. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
0<α≤θc/2 is satisfied in which θc is a critical angle to air of a material constituting a layer that adjoins, on a light output side, the layer on which the plural recessed and projected sections are formed and a is a maximum inclination of a slope of each of the recessed and projected sections. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
a value of a is between one degree and two degrees. 6. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
a cross-section of a slope cut by a virtual plane including an axis of each of the recessed and projected sections includes a curve. 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
an antireflection membrane is formed on the light output surface of the laminated structure. 8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
a planar shape of each of the recessed and projected sections includes at least one type of shape selected from a group including a plurality of concentric circles, a plurality of concentric rectangles, a plurality of concentric polygons, a set of a plurality of line segments extending radially, a plurality of dots regularly arrayed, and a set of line segments that are line-asymmetric, point-asymmetric, and rotationally asymmetric. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plural recessed and projected sections is placed on a vertex of a rectangle, on a vertex of a hexagon, or radially. 10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
outside light incident from the light output surface of the laminated structure is reflected by the layer on which the plural recessed and projected sections are formed and is outputted from the light output surface of the laminated structure. 11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the light output sections include light emitting diodes. 12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the light output sections include semiconductor laser elements. 13. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the light output sections include electroluminescence elements. 14. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the light output sections include liquid crystal display elements. | 1,700 |
349,342 | 350,216 | 16,758,026 | 1,783 | The present disclosure provides a heart sound monitoring device and a method for acquiring a heart sound signal. The heart sound monitoring device of the present disclosure includes: a plurality of heart sound sensors, configured to correspond to different heart sound auscultation positions in a region to be monitored and be capable of collecting vibration signals generated when the different heart sound auscultation positions are vibrated; and a heart sound locator, configured to determine a primary heart sound sensor and a secondary heart sound sensor in the plurality of heart sound sensors according to characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors. | 1. A heart sound monitoring device, comprising:
a plurality of heart sound sensors, configured to correspond to different heart sound auscultation positions in a region to be monitored and be capable of collecting vibration signals generated when the different heart sound auscultation positions are vibrated; and a heart sound locator, configured to determine a primary heart sound sensor and a secondary heart sound sensor in the plurality of heart sound sensors according to characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors. 2. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the heart sound monitoring device comprises at least one sensor dense distribution region and a sensor sparse distribution region surrounding the sensor dense distribution region, and
a distribution density of the heart sound sensors located in the sensor dense distribution region is greater than a distribution density of the heart sound sensors located in the sensor sparse distribution region. 3. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 2, wherein an area of a vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor dense distribution region is smaller than an area of a vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor sparse distribution region. 4. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 3, wherein the area of the vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor dense distribution region is in a range of 1 cm2 to 1.5 cm2, and the area of the vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor sparse distribution region is in a range of 2 cm2 to 3 cm2. 5. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 2, wherein a shape of a peripheral contour of the sensor dense distribution region in the heart sound monitoring device is a shape of a projection of the heart on a plane. 6. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of heart sound sensors has an identical area of a vibration sensing region and is arranged uniformly in an array. 7. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of heart sound sensors is linked as an entirety through a flexible material. 8. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the heart sound locator is configured to:
acquire the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors within a first preset period of time; calculate heart sound envelopes corresponding to the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors at a plurality of time points within the first preset period of time; calculate heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors; and determine, in the spectrum information about the heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors, at least one heart sound sensor corresponding to a heart sound component having a center frequency point whose difference from the preset center frequency point of the region to be monitored falls within a preset numerical range and having the highest spectral energy, as the primary heart sound sensor. 9. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the heart sound locator is further configured to determine a preset number of heart sound sensors surrounding the primary heart sound sensor as the secondary heart sound sensors. 10. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the heart sound monitoring device further comprises a heart sound analyzer, which is configured to:
acquire the vibration signals collected by the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor within a second preset period of time; calculate a signal average value of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors comprised in the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor at a preset time point within the second preset period of time, a plurality of preset time points being provided and each of the plurality of preset time points corresponding to one of the signal average value; calculate heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; calculate heart sound components corresponding to the signal average value and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; and compare the spectrum information about the heart sound components with preset standard spectrum information corresponding to the region to be monitored, and acquire the heart sound signal of the region to be monitored according to a comparison result. 11. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 10, wherein the heart sound monitoring device further comprises a displayer, which is configured to display the heart sound signal of the region to be monitored in a graphic or curve form. 12. A method for acquiring a heart sound signal by configuring a heart sound monitoring device comprising a plurality of heart sound sensors and a heart sound locator, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of heart sound sensors at different heart sound auscultation positions in the region to be monitored, and acquiring vibration signals generated when the different heart sound auscultation positions are vibrated and collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors; and using the heart sound locator to determine a primary heart sound sensor for heart sound monitoring in the region to be detected and a preset number of a secondary heart sound sensors surrounding the primary heart sound sensor in the plurality of heart sound sensors according to characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heart sound monitoring device further comprises a heart sound analyzer, and the method further comprises:
using a heart sound analyzer to monitor vibration signals of the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor; calculating a signal average value of vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors comprised in the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensors; and determining a heart sound signal corresponding to the region to be monitored according to the signal average value. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein when a plurality of heart sound sensors are provided at different heart sound auscultation positions in the region to be monitored, the plurality of heart sound sensors is arranged in a preset arrangement mode, and the arrangement mode comprises:
allowing the plurality of heart sound sensors to have an identical area of a vibration sensing region and to be arranged uniformly in an array; or allowing the plurality of heart sound sensors to comprise at least one sensor dense distribution region and a sensor sparse distribution region surrounding the sensor dense distribution region, an area of the vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor dense distribution region being smaller than an area of the vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor sparse distribution region, and a distribution density of the heart sound sensors located in the sensor dense distribution region being greater than a distribution density of the heart sound sensors located in the sensor sparse distribution region. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the using the heart sound locator to determine a primary heart sound sensor and a secondary heart sound sensor in the plurality of heart sound sensors comprises:
acquiring the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors within a first preset period of time; calculating heart sound envelopes corresponding to the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors at a plurality of time points within the first preset period of time; calculating heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors; and determining, in the spectrum information about the heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors, at least one heart sound sensor corresponding to a heart sound component having a center frequency point whose difference from the preset center frequency point of the region to be monitored falls within a preset numerical range and having the highest spectral energy, as the primary heart sound sensor. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the using the heart sound analyzer to monitor vibration signals of the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor and determining the heart sound signal of the region to be monitored comprises:
acquiring the vibration signals collected by the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor within a second preset period of time; calculating a signal average value of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors comprised in the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor at a preset time point within the second preset period of time, a plurality of the preset time points being provided and each of the plurality of preset time points corresponding to one of the signal average value; calculating heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; calculating heart sound components corresponding to the signal average value and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; and comparing the spectrum information about the heart sound components with preset standard spectrum information corresponding to the region to be monitored, and acquire a heart sound signal corresponding to the region to be monitored. 17. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 4, wherein a shape of a peripheral contour of the sensor dense distribution region in the heart sound monitoring device is a shape of a projection of the heart on a plane. 18. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of heart sound sensors has an identical area of a vibration sensing region and is arranged uniformly in an array. 19. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the heart sound locator is configured to:
acquire the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors within a first preset period of time; calculate heart sound envelopes corresponding to the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors at a plurality of time points within the first preset period of time; calculate heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors; and determine, in the spectrum information about the heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors, at least one heart sound sensor corresponding to a heart sound component having a center frequency point whose difference from the preset center frequency point of the region to be monitored falls within a preset numerical range and having the highest spectral energy, as the primary heart sound sensor. 20. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the heart sound monitoring device further comprises a heart sound analyzer, which is configured to:
acquire the vibration signals collected by the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor within a second preset period of time; calculate a signal average value of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors comprised in the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor at a preset time point within the second preset period of time, a plurality of preset time points being provided and each of the plurality of preset time points corresponding to one of the signal average value; calculate heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; calculate heart sound components corresponding to the signal average value and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; and compare the spectrum information about the heart sound components with preset standard spectrum information corresponding to the region to be monitored, and acquire the heart sound signal of the region to be monitored according to a comparison result. | The present disclosure provides a heart sound monitoring device and a method for acquiring a heart sound signal. The heart sound monitoring device of the present disclosure includes: a plurality of heart sound sensors, configured to correspond to different heart sound auscultation positions in a region to be monitored and be capable of collecting vibration signals generated when the different heart sound auscultation positions are vibrated; and a heart sound locator, configured to determine a primary heart sound sensor and a secondary heart sound sensor in the plurality of heart sound sensors according to characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors.1. A heart sound monitoring device, comprising:
a plurality of heart sound sensors, configured to correspond to different heart sound auscultation positions in a region to be monitored and be capable of collecting vibration signals generated when the different heart sound auscultation positions are vibrated; and a heart sound locator, configured to determine a primary heart sound sensor and a secondary heart sound sensor in the plurality of heart sound sensors according to characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors. 2. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the heart sound monitoring device comprises at least one sensor dense distribution region and a sensor sparse distribution region surrounding the sensor dense distribution region, and
a distribution density of the heart sound sensors located in the sensor dense distribution region is greater than a distribution density of the heart sound sensors located in the sensor sparse distribution region. 3. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 2, wherein an area of a vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor dense distribution region is smaller than an area of a vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor sparse distribution region. 4. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 3, wherein the area of the vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor dense distribution region is in a range of 1 cm2 to 1.5 cm2, and the area of the vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor sparse distribution region is in a range of 2 cm2 to 3 cm2. 5. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 2, wherein a shape of a peripheral contour of the sensor dense distribution region in the heart sound monitoring device is a shape of a projection of the heart on a plane. 6. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of heart sound sensors has an identical area of a vibration sensing region and is arranged uniformly in an array. 7. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of heart sound sensors is linked as an entirety through a flexible material. 8. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the heart sound locator is configured to:
acquire the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors within a first preset period of time; calculate heart sound envelopes corresponding to the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors at a plurality of time points within the first preset period of time; calculate heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors; and determine, in the spectrum information about the heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors, at least one heart sound sensor corresponding to a heart sound component having a center frequency point whose difference from the preset center frequency point of the region to be monitored falls within a preset numerical range and having the highest spectral energy, as the primary heart sound sensor. 9. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the heart sound locator is further configured to determine a preset number of heart sound sensors surrounding the primary heart sound sensor as the secondary heart sound sensors. 10. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the heart sound monitoring device further comprises a heart sound analyzer, which is configured to:
acquire the vibration signals collected by the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor within a second preset period of time; calculate a signal average value of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors comprised in the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor at a preset time point within the second preset period of time, a plurality of preset time points being provided and each of the plurality of preset time points corresponding to one of the signal average value; calculate heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; calculate heart sound components corresponding to the signal average value and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; and compare the spectrum information about the heart sound components with preset standard spectrum information corresponding to the region to be monitored, and acquire the heart sound signal of the region to be monitored according to a comparison result. 11. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 10, wherein the heart sound monitoring device further comprises a displayer, which is configured to display the heart sound signal of the region to be monitored in a graphic or curve form. 12. A method for acquiring a heart sound signal by configuring a heart sound monitoring device comprising a plurality of heart sound sensors and a heart sound locator, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of heart sound sensors at different heart sound auscultation positions in the region to be monitored, and acquiring vibration signals generated when the different heart sound auscultation positions are vibrated and collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors; and using the heart sound locator to determine a primary heart sound sensor for heart sound monitoring in the region to be detected and a preset number of a secondary heart sound sensors surrounding the primary heart sound sensor in the plurality of heart sound sensors according to characteristics of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heart sound monitoring device further comprises a heart sound analyzer, and the method further comprises:
using a heart sound analyzer to monitor vibration signals of the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor; calculating a signal average value of vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors comprised in the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensors; and determining a heart sound signal corresponding to the region to be monitored according to the signal average value. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein when a plurality of heart sound sensors are provided at different heart sound auscultation positions in the region to be monitored, the plurality of heart sound sensors is arranged in a preset arrangement mode, and the arrangement mode comprises:
allowing the plurality of heart sound sensors to have an identical area of a vibration sensing region and to be arranged uniformly in an array; or allowing the plurality of heart sound sensors to comprise at least one sensor dense distribution region and a sensor sparse distribution region surrounding the sensor dense distribution region, an area of the vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor dense distribution region being smaller than an area of the vibration sensing region of the heart sound sensor located in the sensor sparse distribution region, and a distribution density of the heart sound sensors located in the sensor dense distribution region being greater than a distribution density of the heart sound sensors located in the sensor sparse distribution region. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the using the heart sound locator to determine a primary heart sound sensor and a secondary heart sound sensor in the plurality of heart sound sensors comprises:
acquiring the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors within a first preset period of time; calculating heart sound envelopes corresponding to the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors at a plurality of time points within the first preset period of time; calculating heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors; and determining, in the spectrum information about the heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors, at least one heart sound sensor corresponding to a heart sound component having a center frequency point whose difference from the preset center frequency point of the region to be monitored falls within a preset numerical range and having the highest spectral energy, as the primary heart sound sensor. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the using the heart sound analyzer to monitor vibration signals of the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor and determining the heart sound signal of the region to be monitored comprises:
acquiring the vibration signals collected by the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor within a second preset period of time; calculating a signal average value of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors comprised in the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor at a preset time point within the second preset period of time, a plurality of the preset time points being provided and each of the plurality of preset time points corresponding to one of the signal average value; calculating heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; calculating heart sound components corresponding to the signal average value and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; and comparing the spectrum information about the heart sound components with preset standard spectrum information corresponding to the region to be monitored, and acquire a heart sound signal corresponding to the region to be monitored. 17. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 4, wherein a shape of a peripheral contour of the sensor dense distribution region in the heart sound monitoring device is a shape of a projection of the heart on a plane. 18. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of heart sound sensors has an identical area of a vibration sensing region and is arranged uniformly in an array. 19. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the heart sound locator is configured to:
acquire the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors within a first preset period of time; calculate heart sound envelopes corresponding to the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors at a plurality of time points within the first preset period of time; calculate heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors; and determine, in the spectrum information about the heart sound components corresponding to the plurality of heart sound sensors, at least one heart sound sensor corresponding to a heart sound component having a center frequency point whose difference from the preset center frequency point of the region to be monitored falls within a preset numerical range and having the highest spectral energy, as the primary heart sound sensor. 20. The heart sound monitoring device of claim 9, wherein the heart sound monitoring device further comprises a heart sound analyzer, which is configured to:
acquire the vibration signals collected by the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor within a second preset period of time; calculate a signal average value of the vibration signals collected by the plurality of heart sound sensors comprised in the primary heart sound sensor and the secondary heart sound sensor at a preset time point within the second preset period of time, a plurality of preset time points being provided and each of the plurality of preset time points corresponding to one of the signal average value; calculate heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; calculate heart sound components corresponding to the signal average value and spectrum information about the heart sound components according to the heart sound envelopes corresponding to the signal average value; and compare the spectrum information about the heart sound components with preset standard spectrum information corresponding to the region to be monitored, and acquire the heart sound signal of the region to be monitored according to a comparison result. | 1,700 |
349,343 | 350,217 | 16,853,752 | 1,783 | A method includes defining a virtual space including a virtual camera, a first operation object, a second operation object, and a target object. The method includes moving the virtual camera in accordance with a movement of a head-mounted display (HMD). The method includes moving the first operation object in accordance with a movement of a first part of a user's body. The method includes moving the second operation object in accordance with a movement of a second part of the user's body. The method includes selecting the target object in response to detecting a predetermined movement of the first part. The method includes deforming the target object in response to movement of the second operation object following selection of the target object. The method includes generating visual field image data based on the virtual camera. The method includes displaying a visual-field image based on the visual field image data. | 1. A method comprising:
identifying virtual space data for defining a virtual space, wherein the virtual space includes a virtual camera, a first operation object, a second operation object, and a target object; moving the virtual camera within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a head-mounted display (HMD); moving the first operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a first part of a user's body other than a head of the user; moving the second operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a second part of the user's body other than the head of the user; selecting the target object in response to detecting a predetermined movement of the first part; deforming the target object in response to movement of the second operation object following selection of the target object; defining a visual field of the virtual camera; generating visual field image data based on the visual field; and displaying a visual-field image on the HMD based on the visual field image data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the target object in response to the first operation object contacting the target object touch in the virtual space. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising deforming the target object based on in a direction in which the second operation object is moved after the second operation object contacts the target object touch in the virtual space. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising updating coordinate information of the target object based on the direction in which the second operation object is moved. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising changing, in response to moving the second operation object in a predetermined direction by a predetermined distance, the coordinate information so as to move in the predetermined direction by a half of the predetermined distance. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying, in response to selection of the target object, a direction indication for indicating a deformation direction in which the target object is deformed based on the movement of the second operation object relative to the target object. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising removing the direction indication in response to detection of the movement of the second operation object. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
defining a visual-field coordinate system of the virtual camera to be moved in accordance with the detected movement of the HMD, wherein the visual-field coordinate system comprises a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, and a depth direction; identifying the deformation direction of the target object as at least one of the vertical direction, the horizontal direction or the depth direction in response to selection of the target object. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising inhibiting the deformation direction from changing regardless of a change in an orientation of the target object in response to movement of the first operation object after the deformation direction is identified. 10. A system comprising:
a head-mounted display (HMD); a non-transitory computer readable medium for storing instructions; and a processor connected to the non-transitory computer readable medium and the HMD, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for:
identifying virtual space data for defining a virtual space, wherein the virtual space includes a virtual camera, a first operation object, a second operation object, and a target object;
moving the virtual camera within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of the HMD;
moving the first operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a first part of a user's body other than a head of the user;
moving the second operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a second part of the user's body other than the head of the user;
selecting the target object in response to detecting a predetermined movement of the first part;
deforming the target object in response to movement of the second operation object following selection of the target object;
defining a visual field of the virtual camera;
generating visual field image data based on the visual field; and
instructing the HMD to display a visual-field image based on the visual field image data. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions for selecting the target object in response to the first operation object contacting the target object touch in the virtual space. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for deforming the target object based on in a direction in which the second operation object is moved after the second operation object contacts the target object touch in the virtual space. 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions for updating coordinate information of the target object based on the direction in which the second operation object is moved. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for changing, in response to moving the second operation object in a predetermined direction by a predetermined distance, the coordinate information so as to move in the predetermined direction by a half of the predetermined distance. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for instructing the HMD to display, in response to selection of the target object, a direction indication for indicating a deformation direction in which the target object is deformed based on the movement of the second operation object relative to the target object. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for removing the direction indication in response to detection of the movement of the second operation object. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for:
defining a visual-field coordinate system of the virtual camera to be moved in accordance with the detected movement of the HMD, wherein the visual-field coordinate system comprises a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, and a depth direction; identifying the deformation direction of the target object as at least one of the vertical direction, the horizontal direction or the depth direction in response to selection of the target object. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for inhibiting the deformation direction from changing regardless of a change in an orientation of the target object in response to movement of the first operation object after the deformation direction is identified. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a processor perform:
identifying virtual space data for defining a virtual space, wherein the virtual space includes a virtual camera, a first operation object, a second operation object, and a target object; moving the virtual camera within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a head-mounted display (HMD); moving the first operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a first part of a user's body other than a head of the user; moving the second operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a second part of the user's body other than the head of the user; selecting the target object in response to detecting a predetermined movement of the first part; deforming the target object in response to movement of the second operation object following selection of the target object; defining a visual field of the virtual camera; generating visual field image data based on the visual field; and displaying a visual-field image on the HMD based on the visual field image data. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions executed by the processor perform selecting the target object in response to the first operation object contacting the target object touch in the virtual space. | A method includes defining a virtual space including a virtual camera, a first operation object, a second operation object, and a target object. The method includes moving the virtual camera in accordance with a movement of a head-mounted display (HMD). The method includes moving the first operation object in accordance with a movement of a first part of a user's body. The method includes moving the second operation object in accordance with a movement of a second part of the user's body. The method includes selecting the target object in response to detecting a predetermined movement of the first part. The method includes deforming the target object in response to movement of the second operation object following selection of the target object. The method includes generating visual field image data based on the virtual camera. The method includes displaying a visual-field image based on the visual field image data.1. A method comprising:
identifying virtual space data for defining a virtual space, wherein the virtual space includes a virtual camera, a first operation object, a second operation object, and a target object; moving the virtual camera within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a head-mounted display (HMD); moving the first operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a first part of a user's body other than a head of the user; moving the second operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a second part of the user's body other than the head of the user; selecting the target object in response to detecting a predetermined movement of the first part; deforming the target object in response to movement of the second operation object following selection of the target object; defining a visual field of the virtual camera; generating visual field image data based on the visual field; and displaying a visual-field image on the HMD based on the visual field image data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the target object in response to the first operation object contacting the target object touch in the virtual space. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising deforming the target object based on in a direction in which the second operation object is moved after the second operation object contacts the target object touch in the virtual space. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising updating coordinate information of the target object based on the direction in which the second operation object is moved. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising changing, in response to moving the second operation object in a predetermined direction by a predetermined distance, the coordinate information so as to move in the predetermined direction by a half of the predetermined distance. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying, in response to selection of the target object, a direction indication for indicating a deformation direction in which the target object is deformed based on the movement of the second operation object relative to the target object. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising removing the direction indication in response to detection of the movement of the second operation object. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
defining a visual-field coordinate system of the virtual camera to be moved in accordance with the detected movement of the HMD, wherein the visual-field coordinate system comprises a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, and a depth direction; identifying the deformation direction of the target object as at least one of the vertical direction, the horizontal direction or the depth direction in response to selection of the target object. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising inhibiting the deformation direction from changing regardless of a change in an orientation of the target object in response to movement of the first operation object after the deformation direction is identified. 10. A system comprising:
a head-mounted display (HMD); a non-transitory computer readable medium for storing instructions; and a processor connected to the non-transitory computer readable medium and the HMD, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for:
identifying virtual space data for defining a virtual space, wherein the virtual space includes a virtual camera, a first operation object, a second operation object, and a target object;
moving the virtual camera within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of the HMD;
moving the first operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a first part of a user's body other than a head of the user;
moving the second operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a second part of the user's body other than the head of the user;
selecting the target object in response to detecting a predetermined movement of the first part;
deforming the target object in response to movement of the second operation object following selection of the target object;
defining a visual field of the virtual camera;
generating visual field image data based on the visual field; and
instructing the HMD to display a visual-field image based on the visual field image data. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions for selecting the target object in response to the first operation object contacting the target object touch in the virtual space. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for deforming the target object based on in a direction in which the second operation object is moved after the second operation object contacts the target object touch in the virtual space. 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions for updating coordinate information of the target object based on the direction in which the second operation object is moved. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for changing, in response to moving the second operation object in a predetermined direction by a predetermined distance, the coordinate information so as to move in the predetermined direction by a half of the predetermined distance. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for instructing the HMD to display, in response to selection of the target object, a direction indication for indicating a deformation direction in which the target object is deformed based on the movement of the second operation object relative to the target object. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for removing the direction indication in response to detection of the movement of the second operation object. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for:
defining a visual-field coordinate system of the virtual camera to be moved in accordance with the detected movement of the HMD, wherein the visual-field coordinate system comprises a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, and a depth direction; identifying the deformation direction of the target object as at least one of the vertical direction, the horizontal direction or the depth direction in response to selection of the target object. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions for inhibiting the deformation direction from changing regardless of a change in an orientation of the target object in response to movement of the first operation object after the deformation direction is identified. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a processor perform:
identifying virtual space data for defining a virtual space, wherein the virtual space includes a virtual camera, a first operation object, a second operation object, and a target object; moving the virtual camera within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a head-mounted display (HMD); moving the first operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a first part of a user's body other than a head of the user; moving the second operation object within the virtual space in accordance with a detected movement of a second part of the user's body other than the head of the user; selecting the target object in response to detecting a predetermined movement of the first part; deforming the target object in response to movement of the second operation object following selection of the target object; defining a visual field of the virtual camera; generating visual field image data based on the visual field; and displaying a visual-field image on the HMD based on the visual field image data. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions executed by the processor perform selecting the target object in response to the first operation object contacting the target object touch in the virtual space. | 1,700 |
349,344 | 350,218 | 16,758,016 | 1,783 | The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing obesity and liver diseases and method for screening a therapeutic agent for liver diseases using changes in the expression of TM4SF5 protein. In particular, the present invention may be usefully used for measuring changes in the expression of TM4SF5 protein in order to diagnose obesity and liver diseases or screen candidate preventive or therapeutic agents for obesity and liver diseases, by confirming that: in a transgenic mouse having over-expressed TM4SF5 protein, characteristics of fatty liver and hepatitis appear as a metabolic disorder occurs, an increase occurs in the expression of at least one mRNA or protein. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver or (fibrosis-associated) nonalcoholic steatohepatitis comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a sample obtained from a suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cell, animal, or patient in which the transcription level of transmembrane 4 L6 family member (TM4SF5) gene or the expression level of TM4SF5 protein is increased as compared to a sample obtained from a normal control group; 2) measuring an expression level of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) mRNA or protein, and/or the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein in the sample selected in step 1); and 3) comparing the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein measured in step 2) with the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3, respectively, of a normal control group sample. 21. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 20, wherein the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein is regulated by SIRT1 (NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1). 22. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver according to claim 20, wherein the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein is increased compared to the normal control group, thereby determining the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in the animal or patient. 23. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 20, wherein a decrease in the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 24. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 20, wherein the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein is regulated by SOCS1 or SOCS3 protein. 25. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver according to claim 20, wherein a decrease in the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic fatty liver. 26. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 20, wherein an increase in the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 27. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver according to claim 22 or claim 25, further comprising a step of measuring the expression of one or more mRNAs or proteins of SREBP1c, SREBP2, CD36, fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1), fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)α, Accβ, low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDLR), proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) γ, PPARα, ApoB100, and Leptin. 28. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or fibrosis-associated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 23 or claim 26, further comprising a step of measuring the expression level of extracellular matrix (ECM), wherein the ECM comprises one or more of α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin), albumin, Vimentin, collagen, laminin or laminin γ2. 29. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 28, wherein and increase in the expression level of extracellular matrix as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 30. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or fibrosis-associated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 23 or claim 26, further comprising a step of comparing the expression levels of one or more of mRNAs or proteins of collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor beta (TGβ)1, vimentin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) 1 (CCL2)], and F4/80 antigen to the normal control group. 31. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 30, wherein an increase of the expression levels of one or more mRNAs or proteins of collagen I, α-SMA, IL-6, TGFβ1, vimentin, TIMP1, TNFα, MCP1, and F4/80 antigen as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 32. A method for screening a candidate substance in vitro for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver comprising the following steps:
1) treating the cells expressing TM4SF5 protein with a test substance for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver to in vitro; 2) measuring an expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the cells of step 1); and 3) selecting a test substance that suppresses the expression of TM4SF5 protein, the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or increases the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein, compared to a control group not treated with the test substance of step 1), thereby selecting an candidate substance in vitro for treatment nonalcoholic fatty liver. 33. A method for screening a candidate substance for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis comprising the following steps:
1) treating transgenic mouse expressing TM4SF5 protein with a test substance for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; 2) measuring an expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the transgenic mouse of step 1); and 3) selecting a test substance that suppresses the expression of TM4SF5 protein, the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, reduces the synthesis of fatty acid, cholesterol, monoacyl-, diacyl- or triacyl-glycerol, and/or reduces liver/body or body weight of the transgenic mouse as compared to a control mouse not treated with the test substance of step 1), thereby selecting the candidate substance. 34. A method for screening a candidate substance in vitro for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis comprising the following steps:
1) treating cells expressing TM4SF5 protein with a test substance for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in vitro; 2) measuring the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the cells of step 1); and 3) selecting a test substance that suppresses the expression of TM4SF5 protein, increases the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or suppresses the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein, as compared to a control group not treated with the test substance of step 1), thereby selecting the candidate substance. 35. A method for screening a candidate substance for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis comprising the following steps:
1) treating a transgenic mouse or patient expressing TM4SF5 protein with a test substance for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to the; 2) measuring the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the transgenic mouse or patient of step 1); and 3) selecting a test substance that suppresses the expression of TM4SF5 protein, increases the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or suppresses the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein, as compared to a control group of transgenic mice or patients, respectively, not treated with the test substance of step 1), thereby selecting the candidate substance. | The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing obesity and liver diseases and method for screening a therapeutic agent for liver diseases using changes in the expression of TM4SF5 protein. In particular, the present invention may be usefully used for measuring changes in the expression of TM4SF5 protein in order to diagnose obesity and liver diseases or screen candidate preventive or therapeutic agents for obesity and liver diseases, by confirming that: in a transgenic mouse having over-expressed TM4SF5 protein, characteristics of fatty liver and hepatitis appear as a metabolic disorder occurs, an increase occurs in the expression of at least one mRNA or protein.1-19. (canceled) 20. A method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver or (fibrosis-associated) nonalcoholic steatohepatitis comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a sample obtained from a suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cell, animal, or patient in which the transcription level of transmembrane 4 L6 family member (TM4SF5) gene or the expression level of TM4SF5 protein is increased as compared to a sample obtained from a normal control group; 2) measuring an expression level of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) mRNA or protein, and/or the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein in the sample selected in step 1); and 3) comparing the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein measured in step 2) with the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3, respectively, of a normal control group sample. 21. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 20, wherein the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein is regulated by SIRT1 (NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1). 22. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver according to claim 20, wherein the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein is increased compared to the normal control group, thereby determining the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in the animal or patient. 23. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 20, wherein a decrease in the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 24. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 20, wherein the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein is regulated by SOCS1 or SOCS3 protein. 25. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver according to claim 20, wherein a decrease in the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic fatty liver. 26. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 20, wherein an increase in the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 27. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver according to claim 22 or claim 25, further comprising a step of measuring the expression of one or more mRNAs or proteins of SREBP1c, SREBP2, CD36, fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1), fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)α, Accβ, low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDLR), proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) γ, PPARα, ApoB100, and Leptin. 28. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or fibrosis-associated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 23 or claim 26, further comprising a step of measuring the expression level of extracellular matrix (ECM), wherein the ECM comprises one or more of α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin), albumin, Vimentin, collagen, laminin or laminin γ2. 29. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 28, wherein and increase in the expression level of extracellular matrix as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 30. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or fibrosis-associated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 23 or claim 26, further comprising a step of comparing the expression levels of one or more of mRNAs or proteins of collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor beta (TGβ)1, vimentin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) 1 (CCL2)], and F4/80 antigen to the normal control group. 31. The method of diagnosing of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis according to claim 30, wherein an increase of the expression levels of one or more mRNAs or proteins of collagen I, α-SMA, IL-6, TGFβ1, vimentin, TIMP1, TNFα, MCP1, and F4/80 antigen as compared to the normal control group indicates that the animal or patient has nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 32. A method for screening a candidate substance in vitro for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver comprising the following steps:
1) treating the cells expressing TM4SF5 protein with a test substance for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver to in vitro; 2) measuring an expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the cells of step 1); and 3) selecting a test substance that suppresses the expression of TM4SF5 protein, the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or increases the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein, compared to a control group not treated with the test substance of step 1), thereby selecting an candidate substance in vitro for treatment nonalcoholic fatty liver. 33. A method for screening a candidate substance for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis comprising the following steps:
1) treating transgenic mouse expressing TM4SF5 protein with a test substance for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; 2) measuring an expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the transgenic mouse of step 1); and 3) selecting a test substance that suppresses the expression of TM4SF5 protein, the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, reduces the synthesis of fatty acid, cholesterol, monoacyl-, diacyl- or triacyl-glycerol, and/or reduces liver/body or body weight of the transgenic mouse as compared to a control mouse not treated with the test substance of step 1), thereby selecting the candidate substance. 34. A method for screening a candidate substance in vitro for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis comprising the following steps:
1) treating cells expressing TM4SF5 protein with a test substance for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in vitro; 2) measuring the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the cells of step 1); and 3) selecting a test substance that suppresses the expression of TM4SF5 protein, increases the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or suppresses the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein, as compared to a control group not treated with the test substance of step 1), thereby selecting the candidate substance. 35. A method for screening a candidate substance for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis comprising the following steps:
1) treating a transgenic mouse or patient expressing TM4SF5 protein with a test substance for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to the; 2) measuring the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein and/or the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in the transgenic mouse or patient of step 1); and 3) selecting a test substance that suppresses the expression of TM4SF5 protein, increases the expression level of SREBP1 mRNA or protein, and/or suppresses the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein, as compared to a control group of transgenic mice or patients, respectively, not treated with the test substance of step 1), thereby selecting the candidate substance. | 1,700 |
349,345 | 350,219 | 16,758,020 | 1,783 | An oil-in-water type emulsion solid cosmetic that causes “adhesion” similar to that of a water-in-oil type emulsion solid cosmetic including wax, while having freshness and a moisturizing effect of an oil-in-water type emulsion substance. An oil-in-water type emulsion solid cosmetic contains (A) at least one hydrophilic thickening agent selected from the group consisting of gellan gum, agar, and copolymers including 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, (B) a higher alcohol, (C) a surfactant, (D) water, and (E) an oil component, wherein the ratio between the blending amount of the (A) hydrophilic thickening agent and the total blending amount of the (B) higher alcohol and the (C) surfactant falls within the range of 3:1-1:9. | 1. An oil-in-water emulsion solid cosmetic, comprising:
(A) at least one hydrophilic thickener selected from a group consisting of a gellan gum, an agar and a copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; (B) a higher alcohol; (C) a surfactant; (D) water; and (E) an oil; wherein a ratio between a content of hydrophilic thickener (A) and a total content of said higher alcohol (B) and surfactant (C) is within a range of 3:1 to 1:9. 2. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
a total content of said hydrophilic thickener (A), said higher alcohol (B) and said surfactant (C) is within a range of 2.0 to 7.5% by mass. 3. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
hydrophilic thickener (A) comprises a gellan gum. 4. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a copolymer that is a cross-linked type N,N-dimethylacrylamide-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (salt) copolymer. 5. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said surfactant (C) comprises at least one member selected from a group consisting of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant. 6. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said surfactant (C) comprises a nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of at least 10. 7. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
a hydrophobic powder dispersed in an inner oil phase thereof. 8. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
a hydrophilic powder dispersed in an outer water phase thereof. 9. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said cosmetic is a skin care cosmetic, a sunscreen or a makeup cosmetic. | An oil-in-water type emulsion solid cosmetic that causes “adhesion” similar to that of a water-in-oil type emulsion solid cosmetic including wax, while having freshness and a moisturizing effect of an oil-in-water type emulsion substance. An oil-in-water type emulsion solid cosmetic contains (A) at least one hydrophilic thickening agent selected from the group consisting of gellan gum, agar, and copolymers including 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, (B) a higher alcohol, (C) a surfactant, (D) water, and (E) an oil component, wherein the ratio between the blending amount of the (A) hydrophilic thickening agent and the total blending amount of the (B) higher alcohol and the (C) surfactant falls within the range of 3:1-1:9.1. An oil-in-water emulsion solid cosmetic, comprising:
(A) at least one hydrophilic thickener selected from a group consisting of a gellan gum, an agar and a copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; (B) a higher alcohol; (C) a surfactant; (D) water; and (E) an oil; wherein a ratio between a content of hydrophilic thickener (A) and a total content of said higher alcohol (B) and surfactant (C) is within a range of 3:1 to 1:9. 2. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
a total content of said hydrophilic thickener (A), said higher alcohol (B) and said surfactant (C) is within a range of 2.0 to 7.5% by mass. 3. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
hydrophilic thickener (A) comprises a gellan gum. 4. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a copolymer that is a cross-linked type N,N-dimethylacrylamide-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (salt) copolymer. 5. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said surfactant (C) comprises at least one member selected from a group consisting of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant. 6. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said surfactant (C) comprises a nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of at least 10. 7. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
a hydrophobic powder dispersed in an inner oil phase thereof. 8. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
a hydrophilic powder dispersed in an outer water phase thereof. 9. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said cosmetic is a skin care cosmetic, a sunscreen or a makeup cosmetic. | 1,700 |
349,346 | 350,220 | 16,758,015 | 3,725 | The embodiments herein provide a modular rosin press device for use with a base clamp device having a pair or opposing rectangular elements, the modular device having a proximal press assembly, distal press assembly, and proximal block assembly. Each press assembly preferably contains a metallic heating component with a channel sized to accept the rectangular elements of the base clamp device. Each press assembly may also include a heating element, insulating plate, ledges which extend inwardly, and ribs of various designs and orientations. | 1. A modular rosin press device for use with a base clamp device having a pair or opposing rectangular elements, the modular device comprising:
a proximal press assembly containing a first metallic heating component with a channel sized to accept the first of the opposing rectangular elements of the base clamp device; a distal press assembly containing a second metallic heating component with a channel sized to accept the second of the opposing rectangular elements of the base clamp device; and a proximal block assembly containing a housing with electronic controls for operating the first and second metallic heating components. 2. The modular device of claim 1 further comprising:
a series of threaded holes placed within the second metallic heating component and oriented perpendicular to the channel. 3. The modular device of claim 1 further comprising:
a pair of L-shaped ribs travelling along the first and second metallic heating components. 4. The modular device of claim 3 wherein:
the L-shaped ribs are positioned symmetrically about a central axis of the channel. 5. The modular device of claim 3 further comprising:
a first heating element positioned between the two L-shaped ribs of the first metallic heating component, and
a second heating element positioned between the two L-shaped ribs of the second metallic heating component. 6. The modular device of claim 1 further comprising:
an opening defined by the underside of the housing 7. The modular device of claim 6 wherein:
the opening is sized to accept a proximal block of a base clamp device. 8. The modular device of claim 1 wherein:
the proximal press assembly is attached to the proximal block assembly. 9. The modular device of claim 1 further comprising:
a pair of notches that run substantially the entire lengths of the first and second metallic heating components. 10. The modular device of claim 9 further comprising:
a first insulating plate positioned within the pair of notches of the first metallic heating component, and
a second insulating plate positioned within the pair of notches of the second metallic heating component. 11. A modular rosin press device comprising:
a proximal press assembly containing
a first metallic heating component with a generally U-shaped cross-section and first central axis travelling down the center of the U-shaped cross-section,
a first L-shaped rib positioned on the first metallic heating component and positioned substantially parallel to the first central axis and on a first side of the first central axis,
a second L-shaped rib positioned on the first metallic heating component and positioned substantially parallel to the first central axis and on an opposing side of the first central axis as the first L-shaped rib, and
a first heating element positioned between the first and second L-shaped ribs of the first metallic heating component;
a distal press assembly containing
a second metallic heating component with a generally U-shaped cross-section and second central axis travelling down the center of the U-shaped cross-section,
a third L-shaped rib positioned on the second metallic heating component and positioned substantially parallel to the second central axis and on a first side of the second central axis,
a fourth L-shaped rib positioned on the second metallic heating component and positioned substantially parallel to the second central axis and on an opposing side of the second central axis as the third L-shaped rib, and
a second heating element positioned between the third and fourth L-shaped ribs of the second metallic heating component;
an assembly containing a housing with electronic controls for operating the first and second heating elements. 12. The modular device of claim 11 further comprising:
a plurality of threaded holes placed within the second metallic heating component and oriented substantially perpendicular to the second central axis. 13. The modular device of claim 11 further comprising:
a top cap attached to a top portion of the first metallic heating component and having a generally rectangular shape; and
a bottom cap attached to a bottom portion of the first metallic heating component and having a U-shape sized and positioned to align generally with the U-shape of the first metallic heating component. 14. The modular device of claim 12 wherein:
the plurality of threaded holes are sized to engage with threaded fasteners which attach the second metallic heating component to the housing. 15. The modular device of claim 11 further comprising:
a first insulating plate positioned above the first heating element when viewing the first metallic heating component as an upright “U”; and
a second insulating plate positioned above the second heating element when viewing the second metallic heating component as an upright “U”. 16. The modular device of claim 11 further comprising:
a pair of ledges which extend inwardly from a top portion of the first metallic heating component. 17. 11. A modular rosin press device comprising:
a proximal press assembly containing
a first metallic heating component with a generally U-shaped cross-section and first central axis travelling down the center of the U-shaped cross-section,
a first pair of ledges which extend inwardly towards the first central axis, and
a first heating element;
a distal press assembly containing
a second metallic heating component with a generally U-shaped cross-section and second central axis travelling down the center of the U-shaped cross-section,
a second pair of ledges which extend inwardly towards the second central axis, and
a second heating element;
an assembly containing a housing with electronic controls for operating the first and second heating elements. 18. The modular device of claim 17 wherein:
the ledges are substantially perpendicular to vertical portions of the U-shaped metallic heating component when viewing the component as an upright “U”. 19. The modular device of claim 17 further comprising:
a first insulating plate positioned between the first heating element and the ledges of the first metallic heating component; and
a second insulating plate positioned between the second heating element and the ledges of the second metallic heating component. 20. The modular device of claim 17 further comprising:
a first pair of L-shaped ribs which surround the first heating element; and
a second pair of L-shaped ribs which surround the second heating element. | The embodiments herein provide a modular rosin press device for use with a base clamp device having a pair or opposing rectangular elements, the modular device having a proximal press assembly, distal press assembly, and proximal block assembly. Each press assembly preferably contains a metallic heating component with a channel sized to accept the rectangular elements of the base clamp device. Each press assembly may also include a heating element, insulating plate, ledges which extend inwardly, and ribs of various designs and orientations.1. A modular rosin press device for use with a base clamp device having a pair or opposing rectangular elements, the modular device comprising:
a proximal press assembly containing a first metallic heating component with a channel sized to accept the first of the opposing rectangular elements of the base clamp device; a distal press assembly containing a second metallic heating component with a channel sized to accept the second of the opposing rectangular elements of the base clamp device; and a proximal block assembly containing a housing with electronic controls for operating the first and second metallic heating components. 2. The modular device of claim 1 further comprising:
a series of threaded holes placed within the second metallic heating component and oriented perpendicular to the channel. 3. The modular device of claim 1 further comprising:
a pair of L-shaped ribs travelling along the first and second metallic heating components. 4. The modular device of claim 3 wherein:
the L-shaped ribs are positioned symmetrically about a central axis of the channel. 5. The modular device of claim 3 further comprising:
a first heating element positioned between the two L-shaped ribs of the first metallic heating component, and
a second heating element positioned between the two L-shaped ribs of the second metallic heating component. 6. The modular device of claim 1 further comprising:
an opening defined by the underside of the housing 7. The modular device of claim 6 wherein:
the opening is sized to accept a proximal block of a base clamp device. 8. The modular device of claim 1 wherein:
the proximal press assembly is attached to the proximal block assembly. 9. The modular device of claim 1 further comprising:
a pair of notches that run substantially the entire lengths of the first and second metallic heating components. 10. The modular device of claim 9 further comprising:
a first insulating plate positioned within the pair of notches of the first metallic heating component, and
a second insulating plate positioned within the pair of notches of the second metallic heating component. 11. A modular rosin press device comprising:
a proximal press assembly containing
a first metallic heating component with a generally U-shaped cross-section and first central axis travelling down the center of the U-shaped cross-section,
a first L-shaped rib positioned on the first metallic heating component and positioned substantially parallel to the first central axis and on a first side of the first central axis,
a second L-shaped rib positioned on the first metallic heating component and positioned substantially parallel to the first central axis and on an opposing side of the first central axis as the first L-shaped rib, and
a first heating element positioned between the first and second L-shaped ribs of the first metallic heating component;
a distal press assembly containing
a second metallic heating component with a generally U-shaped cross-section and second central axis travelling down the center of the U-shaped cross-section,
a third L-shaped rib positioned on the second metallic heating component and positioned substantially parallel to the second central axis and on a first side of the second central axis,
a fourth L-shaped rib positioned on the second metallic heating component and positioned substantially parallel to the second central axis and on an opposing side of the second central axis as the third L-shaped rib, and
a second heating element positioned between the third and fourth L-shaped ribs of the second metallic heating component;
an assembly containing a housing with electronic controls for operating the first and second heating elements. 12. The modular device of claim 11 further comprising:
a plurality of threaded holes placed within the second metallic heating component and oriented substantially perpendicular to the second central axis. 13. The modular device of claim 11 further comprising:
a top cap attached to a top portion of the first metallic heating component and having a generally rectangular shape; and
a bottom cap attached to a bottom portion of the first metallic heating component and having a U-shape sized and positioned to align generally with the U-shape of the first metallic heating component. 14. The modular device of claim 12 wherein:
the plurality of threaded holes are sized to engage with threaded fasteners which attach the second metallic heating component to the housing. 15. The modular device of claim 11 further comprising:
a first insulating plate positioned above the first heating element when viewing the first metallic heating component as an upright “U”; and
a second insulating plate positioned above the second heating element when viewing the second metallic heating component as an upright “U”. 16. The modular device of claim 11 further comprising:
a pair of ledges which extend inwardly from a top portion of the first metallic heating component. 17. 11. A modular rosin press device comprising:
a proximal press assembly containing
a first metallic heating component with a generally U-shaped cross-section and first central axis travelling down the center of the U-shaped cross-section,
a first pair of ledges which extend inwardly towards the first central axis, and
a first heating element;
a distal press assembly containing
a second metallic heating component with a generally U-shaped cross-section and second central axis travelling down the center of the U-shaped cross-section,
a second pair of ledges which extend inwardly towards the second central axis, and
a second heating element;
an assembly containing a housing with electronic controls for operating the first and second heating elements. 18. The modular device of claim 17 wherein:
the ledges are substantially perpendicular to vertical portions of the U-shaped metallic heating component when viewing the component as an upright “U”. 19. The modular device of claim 17 further comprising:
a first insulating plate positioned between the first heating element and the ledges of the first metallic heating component; and
a second insulating plate positioned between the second heating element and the ledges of the second metallic heating component. 20. The modular device of claim 17 further comprising:
a first pair of L-shaped ribs which surround the first heating element; and
a second pair of L-shaped ribs which surround the second heating element. | 3,700 |
349,347 | 350,221 | 16,758,037 | 2,697 | [Solution] A vibration generation device capable of feeding back execution of image capturing to an image capturing person without affecting hand-shake correction control includes: a vibration unit configured to generate vibration; and a vibration control unit configured to perform vibration control on the vibration unit. In accordance with image capturing operation of an image capturing device, the vibration control unit causes the vibration unit to generate vibration at a second frequency band different from a first frequency band that the image capturing device has as a vibration range used for hand-shake correction control. | 1. A vibration generation device comprising:
a vibration unit configured to generate vibration; and a vibration control unit configured to perform vibration control on the vibration unit, wherein in accordance with image capturing operation of an image capturing device, the vibration control unit causes the vibration unit to generate vibration in a second frequency band different from a first frequency band that the image capturing device has as a vibration range used for hand-shake correction control. 2. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration control unit controls a start timing of a vibration duration in which the vibration unit is caused generate vibration in accordance with an exposure duration until the image capturing device ends exposure since the image capturing device starts the exposure. 3. The vibration generation device according to claim 2, wherein the vibration duration at least partially overlaps with the exposure duration. 4. The vibration generation device according to claim 2, wherein the vibration duration includes the exposure duration. 5. The vibration generation device according to claim 2, wherein the vibration duration is included in the exposure duration. 6. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration control unit acquires a control signal related to the vibration from the image capturing device and causes the vibration unit to generate vibration based on the control signal. 7. The vibration generation device according to claim 6, wherein the control signal includes information instructing a start timing of a vibration duration in which the vibration unit is caused to generate vibration. 8. The vibration generation device according to claim 6, wherein the control signal includes information instructing a frequency band in which the vibration unit vibrates. 9. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the second frequency band is 150 Hz to 800 Hz. 10. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the second frequency band is 200 Hz to 400 Hz. 11. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration unit includes a piezoelectric element. 12. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration generation device is provided inside the image capturing device. 13. The vibration generation device according to claim 12, wherein a housing of the image capturing device has a resonance frequency in the second frequency band. 14. The vibration generation device according to claim 12, wherein the vibration generation device is built in a shutter button in the image capturing device. 15. The vibration generation device according to claim 12, wherein the vibration generation device is built in a grip in the image capturing device. 16. A vibration generation method executed by a processor, the method comprising controlling, in accordance with image capturing operation of an image capturing device, a vibration unit at a second frequency band different from a first frequency band that the image capturing device has as a vibration range used for hand-shake correction control. 17. A computer program configured to cause a computer to function as a vibration control device configured to output a vibration instruction at a second frequency band different from a first frequency band that an image capturing device has as a vibration range used for hand-shake correction control. | [Solution] A vibration generation device capable of feeding back execution of image capturing to an image capturing person without affecting hand-shake correction control includes: a vibration unit configured to generate vibration; and a vibration control unit configured to perform vibration control on the vibration unit. In accordance with image capturing operation of an image capturing device, the vibration control unit causes the vibration unit to generate vibration at a second frequency band different from a first frequency band that the image capturing device has as a vibration range used for hand-shake correction control.1. A vibration generation device comprising:
a vibration unit configured to generate vibration; and a vibration control unit configured to perform vibration control on the vibration unit, wherein in accordance with image capturing operation of an image capturing device, the vibration control unit causes the vibration unit to generate vibration in a second frequency band different from a first frequency band that the image capturing device has as a vibration range used for hand-shake correction control. 2. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration control unit controls a start timing of a vibration duration in which the vibration unit is caused generate vibration in accordance with an exposure duration until the image capturing device ends exposure since the image capturing device starts the exposure. 3. The vibration generation device according to claim 2, wherein the vibration duration at least partially overlaps with the exposure duration. 4. The vibration generation device according to claim 2, wherein the vibration duration includes the exposure duration. 5. The vibration generation device according to claim 2, wherein the vibration duration is included in the exposure duration. 6. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration control unit acquires a control signal related to the vibration from the image capturing device and causes the vibration unit to generate vibration based on the control signal. 7. The vibration generation device according to claim 6, wherein the control signal includes information instructing a start timing of a vibration duration in which the vibration unit is caused to generate vibration. 8. The vibration generation device according to claim 6, wherein the control signal includes information instructing a frequency band in which the vibration unit vibrates. 9. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the second frequency band is 150 Hz to 800 Hz. 10. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the second frequency band is 200 Hz to 400 Hz. 11. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration unit includes a piezoelectric element. 12. The vibration generation device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration generation device is provided inside the image capturing device. 13. The vibration generation device according to claim 12, wherein a housing of the image capturing device has a resonance frequency in the second frequency band. 14. The vibration generation device according to claim 12, wherein the vibration generation device is built in a shutter button in the image capturing device. 15. The vibration generation device according to claim 12, wherein the vibration generation device is built in a grip in the image capturing device. 16. A vibration generation method executed by a processor, the method comprising controlling, in accordance with image capturing operation of an image capturing device, a vibration unit at a second frequency band different from a first frequency band that the image capturing device has as a vibration range used for hand-shake correction control. 17. A computer program configured to cause a computer to function as a vibration control device configured to output a vibration instruction at a second frequency band different from a first frequency band that an image capturing device has as a vibration range used for hand-shake correction control. | 2,600 |
349,348 | 350,222 | 16,758,033 | 2,697 | The present invention is related to computer-assisted process design, and an MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method and platform for a typical automobile machined part are disclosed. By taking three-dimensional CAD software as a carrier, an MBD design model, and a process MBD model as a data output, the design flow comprises steps such as establishment of MBD-related standards, creation of an MBD design model, feature classification and creation of a feature library, feature recognition and information extraction, generation of manufacturing elements, clustering of the manufacturing elements and generation of procedures, sequencing of the procedures, and creation of manufacturing features body and procedure models. According to the present invention, the process MBD model integrating procedure models and manufacturing feature bodies can be rapidly generated, visualization of the process design flow can be realized, and the process design efficiency can be improved, thereby laying a foundation for the integration of CAD/CAPP/CAM. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. An MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for a typical automobile machined part, characterized in that, the MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part comprises the following steps of:
by taking three-dimensional CAD software as a carrier, an MBD design model as an unique data input, and a three-dimensional process MBD model as a data output, sequentially carrying out establishment of MBD-related standards, creation of an MBD design model, feature classification and creation of a feature information library, feature recognition and information extraction, generation of manufacturing elements, clustering of the manufacturing elements and generation of procedures, sequencing of the procedures, and creation of manufacturing feature bodies and procedure models; and generating a process MBD model integrating the procedure models and the manufacturing feature bodies to realize visualization of a process design flow: comprising the following steps of: Step 1, establishing MBD-related standards according to requirements for the creation of an MBD design model; Step 2, according to a set of the established MBD standards, determining all process information of part process design, including sizes and dimensional tolerances, geometric tolerances and references, face roughness degrees, technical requirements, process information and attribute annotations, and defining and labelling, in a three-dimensional labeling module of the CAD software, all the information of the process design to complete the creation of the MBD design model; Step 3: according to a design model of a typical part, carrying out attribute customization and feature classification on features of the model, wherein the customized features are classified according to a manufacturing face adjacency graph (MFAG) of the feature, and the classified features include individually manufactured faces, steps, holes, grooves and bosses; and then completing creation of a manufacturing feature information library in an XML file format, wherein the feature information library includes attributes of the customized feature faces and edges in various types, wherein attributes of a face mainly include a type of the face, a normal vector, and inner and outer loop information of the face; and attributes of an edge include a type of the edge, a normal vector, and concavity and convexity of the edge; Step 4: according to a STEP-format file of the part design model, acquiring an attribute adjacency graph (AAG) of a part, deleting all transitional features, blank faces and edges adjacent to the blank faces, and simplifying the attribute adjacency graph of the part to a manufacturing face adjacency graph (MFAG) of a feature; carrying out feature matching on the MFAG and the manufacturing feature information library, and if the matching is successful, recognizing corresponding features; if the matching is not successful, carrying out attribute decomposition on the MFAG, and integrating or dividing corresponding faces to obtain a plurality of feature sub-graphs, then carrying out feature matching on the feature sub-graphs and the manufacturing feature information library, and if the matching is successful, recognizing corresponding features; and for the recognized features, extracting product manufacturing information of each feature manufacturing face, including basic process design information and process auxiliary information, and outputting and storing the product manufacturing information in the XML file format to a background; Step 5: according to content of a process decision rule, extracting feature information from the manufacturing feature information library, and carrying out information mapping on the feature information and a feature manufacturing rule library to complete the creation of a manufacturing element, wherein the manufacturing element comprises all manufacturing information of a feature or a feature face, including a manufacturing element name, a manufacturing feature type, a manufactured portion, a manufacturing method, a manufacturing precision, a manufacturing tool, a manufacturing machine tool, a manufacturing time, a work fixture, a cutting amount, a manufacturing allowance, a main shaft rotation speed and a cutting speed; Step 6, for the manufacturing element created in Step 5, by means of a manufacturing element clustering algorithm based on a weighted attribute fuzzy c-means (WAFCM), according to the influences of different manufacturing attributes on a clustering result, assigning different weights to attributes such as the manufacturing method, the manufacturing precision, the manufacturing tool, the manufacturing machine tool and the work fixture, determining a number of clusters c, an iteration ending threshold c and a number of iterations T, and clustering manufacturing elements with similar manufacturing attributes to generate manufacturing procedures by integration; Step 7, by means of a genetic algorithm, carrying out optimized sequencing on the procedures generated in Step 6 to obtain an optimal procedure sequencing list for the part; and Step 8: with regard to the feature to be manufactured by each procedure, according to a reverse generation thought, using a half-space intersection or parametric modeling method to create, from the MBD design model, a manufacturing feature body of an Nth procedure, wherein a procedure MBD model of the Nth procedure is a collection of the MBD design model and process information of the procedure, and therefore, a procedure model of an (N−1)th procedure is generated by means of carrying out a Boolean addition calculation on the manufacturing feature body and the design model, and on this basis, creating manufacturing feature bodies and procedure models of the remaining procedures, until a final blank model is created, and then completing the creation of the procedure model. 12. The MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part of claim 1, characterized in that, in Step 1, the MBD standards include:
(1) MBD three-dimensional model definition and creation standards, including basic definition and data set completeness requirements for a part MBD model, three-dimensional modeling and assembly requirements for an MBD model, and technical requirements for generating a three-dimensional engineering drawing; (2) MBD three-dimensional labeling standards, including expression of an MBD model data set in a three-dimensional environment, specifically including selection of views of an MBD model, indication of sizes, dimensional tolerances and fits, indication of geometric tolerances and references and face roughness degrees, specifications for drawing a sectional view, part references and arrangement in an MBD assembly model, and specifications for drawing a part list; and (3) MBD process and tooling expression standards, including expression specifications for a metal cutting process and symbols and parameters thereof for a machined part, and expression specifications for positioning and fixing methods and symbols thereof. 13. The MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part of claim 1, characterized in that, Step 6 specifically comprises the following steps of:
firstly, creating a manufacturing element clustering mathematical model based on a weighted attribute fuzzy c-means (WAFCM); defining n manufacturing elements generated based the feature information rule library and the feature manufacturing rule library as n samples in a data set to be clustered, by means of typical fuzzy c-mean clustering analysis, dividing x1, x2, . . . , xn into c fuzzy subsets according to the similarity of manufacturing attributes corresponding to the n manufacturing elements in X, and defining the fuzzy subsets as a procedure set corresponding to the features V={v1, v2, . . . , vc}, i.e. clustering centers of fuzzy clustering; then, according to the classification of the manufacturing attributes of the manufacturing elements in Step 5, defining p manufacturing attributes contained in each sample in the data set X, which are denoted by, as an attribute vector of the n manufacturing elements such that in the WAFCM manufacturing element clustering algorithm, the kth sample point is denoted as xk=(x1k, x2k, . . . , xpk), k∈{1, 2, . . . , n}, and the clustering centers of the manufacturing elements are denoted as vi=(vi1, vi2, . . . , vip), i∈{1, 2, . . . , c}; calculating the influences of information defined by different manufacturing attributes of each clustering sample on the overall clustering, and assigning a weight W to each manufacturing attribute, wherein if a manufacturing attribute provides a positive effect on the clustering of the samples, a relatively large weight is assigned, otherwise a relatively small weight is assigned; then, defining a fuzzy membership matrix U=[uijk]ER, i=1, 2, . . . , c; j=1, 2, . . . , p; k=1, 2, . . . , n, and building an objective function representing weighted similarity between the manufacturing element sample data points and the procedure clustering centers such that on the basis of typical fuzzy c-means clustering, the manufacturing attributes are weighted to obtain an objective function Jm of the modified WAFCM algorithm: in the formula, uijk represents a membership degree of a clustered manufacturing element sample point xk belonging to a vith procedure on a manufacturing attribute j and reflects the similarity degree between the sample point and the clustering center, if uijk is close to 1, it indicates that the degree of belonging to the clustering center is high, and if close to 0, the degree of belonging to the clustering center is low; and m represents a weighted index, m∈(1, +∞), and takes a value of m=2; then, according to a clustering criterion, with constraint conditions of the objective function, finding an optimal (U, V, W) to minimize Jm(U, V, W), including calculating a partial derivative of Jm(U, V, W) with respect to each of U, V, W, and by means of the Lagrange multiplier method, calculating the values of uijk, vij, wj which minimize Jm(U, V, W) according to the constraint conditions, as shown in the following formulas: and finally, solving the WAFCM clustering algorithm: 1) determining input variables of the algorithm, including the manufacturing element data set X, the attribute vector P, the number of clusters c, the weighted index m, the iteration threshold ε, and the maximum number of iterations T, and setting an iteration counter t=0; 2) normalizing the data set X, initializing a membership degree matrix U(0) to satisfy a constraint condition, and setting an initial attribute weight matrix W(0) with each item having an initial value of wj=1/p, wherein p is the number of manufacturing element attributes; 3) continuously updating the membership matrix U(t)=[uijk]t, the prototype matrix V(t)=[vij]t and the attribute weight matrix W(t)=[wj]t according to the formulas uijk, vij, wj; and if t=T or |Jt−Jt−1|≤ε, accumulating the membership degrees of the manufacturing element samples based on each weighted attribute to obtain the membership degrees of the manufacturing element samples for procedure clustering according to a calculation formula as shown in; and determining the procedure to which each manufacturing element belongs according to the membership degrees; otherwise, repeating the step 3). 14. The MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part of claim 1, characterized in that, in Step 7, the manufacturing attributes, such as the manufacturing method, the manufacturing precision, the manufacturing tool, the manufacturing machine tool and the work fixture, of the procedures generated by clustering in the Step 6 are defined as the phenotype of a gene, and the gene is encoded to obtain an initial population with a potential solution; then, based on the principle of “survival of the fittest”, evolution is carried out from generation to generation to generate an optimal individual of the population, wherein in each generation, firstly, the individuals of the population are recombined, then each individual of the population is evaluated according to a fitness function which takes minimizing the manufacturing time as an optimization target, individuals with high fitness are selected and subjected to crossover and mutation operations according to a certain probability to generate a next generation of population, and an optimal individual of the last generation of population is decoded to obtain an approximate optimal solution, i.e. a sequence of procedures;
specifically including the following steps of:
encoding: defining the manufacturing attributes, such as the manufacturing method, the manufacturing precision, the manufacturing tool, the manufacturing machine tool and the work fixture, of the procedures generated by clustering in Step 6 as the phenotype of a gene and encoding the gene by means of a binary encoding method;
initial population obtaining: generating a series of initial code chains by means of a random method to obtain an initial population with a potential solution;
chromosome recombination: according to manufacturing rules and manufacturing attribute constraints, recombining chromosomes of the population before an iteration of initial chromosomes and after each crossover and mutation;
carrying out calculation according to a fitness function which takes minimizing the manufacturing time as an optimization target to evaluate individuals of the population;
crossover: carrying out single-point crossover by selecting individuals with high fitness in the population, selecting breakpoints according to a crossover probability, and carrying out single-point crossover on chromosomes behind the breakpoints to form new chromosomes;
mutation: selecting individuals with high fitness in the population, selecting a plurality of individuals according to a mutation probability, and randomly selecting a gene locus from the selected plurality of individuals to be changed into an allele; and
iteration: generating a new generation of population by each iteration, and when a preset number of iterations is reached or it converges to an optimal solution, ending the calculation; and decoding the optimal individual of the last generation of population to obtain an approximate optimal solution, i.e. the optimal sequence of procedures. 15. The MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part of claim 1, characterized in that, in Step 8, the manufacturing feature body is a collection of volumes to be cut off by each procedure, and for the creation of the manufacturing feature body, a half-space intersection or parametric modeling method is used to obtain the manufacturing feature body according to attribute characteristics and generation modes of the interactive and non-interactive features obtained by classification of the manufacturing features;
wherein features that are recognized by directly carrying out matching on the manufacturing face adjacency graph MFAG of the manufacturing feature and the manufacturing feature information library, are non-interactive features, and the parametric modeling method is directly used to generate the manufacturing feature body; features that are recognized by carrying out attribute decomposition on the manufacturing face adjacency graph NMFAG, integrating or dividing corresponding faces to generate feature sub-graphs, and carrying out matching on the feature sub-graphs and the manufacturing feature information library, are interactive features which do not directly match with any feature pattern, and the half-space intersection method is used to generate the manufacturing feature body; a geometric relationship between the manufacturing feature bodies and the procedure models includes: for a machined part with n procedures, in reverse generation of the procedure models, in the sense of geometric modeling, the procedure model WPMj of a jth procedure is generated by carrying out a Boolean addition calculation on a procedure model WPMj+1 and the manufacturing feature bodies of a (j+1)th procedure, i.e., in the formula, Σ represents a set of types and does not represent a summation operator; 1≤j≤n, 1≤k≤m; represents a kth manufacturing feature body of the (j+1)th procedure, and m is the number of manufacturing feature bodies; and represents a Boolean addition operator; the half-space intersection method: a half-enclosed space is formed by extending and intersection of faces, and for a certain manufacturing feature, a manufacturing face set MFi and an adjacent face set AFj of the manufacturing feature are obtained, and the face sets are extended and intersected to obtain half-space bodies H{MFi} and H{AFj}; the manufacturing feature body is obtained by carrying out a Boolean intersection calculation on the two half-spaces, i.e. the process model is an expression of a collection of the manufacturing feature bodies and the procedure models, and the process MBD model is expressed as follows: in the formula, PIM represents the process MBD model of the machined part; WPMi represents a procedure model of an ith procedure; represents a kth manufacturing feature body of the ith procedure, and m is the number of manufacturing feature bodies; PIi represents process information belonging to the procedure MBD model corresponding to the ith procedure. 16. An MBD-based three-dimensional process designing platform for a typical automobile machined part for implementing the method of claim 1, characterized in that, the MBD-based three-dimensional process designing platform for the typical automobile machined part includes:
an MBD related standard establishing module for establishing MBD-related standards according to requirements for the creation of an MBD design model; an MBD design model creation module for, according to a set of the established MBD standards, determining all process information of part process design, including sizes and dimensional tolerances, geometric tolerances and references, face roughness degrees, technical requirements, process information and attribute annotations, and defining and labelling, in a three-dimensional labeling module of CAD software, all the information of the process design to complete the creation of the MBD design model; an attribute customization and feature classification module for, according to a design model of a typical part, carrying out attribute customization and feature classification on features of the model, wherein the customized features are classified according to a manufacturing face adjacency graph (MFAG) of the feature, and the classified features include individually manufactured faces, steps, holes, grooves and bosses; and then completing creation of a manufacturing feature information library in an XML file format, wherein the feature information library includes attributes of the customized feature faces and edges in various types, wherein attributes of a face mainly include a type of the face, a normal vector, and inner and outer loop information of the face; and attributes of an edge include a type of the edge, a normal vector, and concavity and convexity of the edge; a feature recognition and information extraction module for, according to a STEP-format file of the part design model, acquiring an attribute adjacency graph (AAG) of a part, deleting all transitional features, blank faces and edges adjacent to the blank faces, and simplifying the attribute adjacency graph of the part to a manufacturing face adjacency graph (MFAG) of the feature; carrying out feature matching on the MFAG and the manufacturing feature information library, and if the matching is successful, recognizing corresponding features; if the matching is not successful, carrying out attribute decomposition on the MFAG, and integrating or dividing corresponding faces to obtain a plurality of feature sub-graphs, then carrying out feature matching on the feature sub-graphs and the manufacturing feature information library, and if the matching is successful, recognizing corresponding features; and for the recognized features, extracting product manufacturing information of each feature manufacturing face, including basic process design information and process auxiliary information, and outputting and storing the product manufacturing information in the XML file format to a background; a manufacturing element creation module for, according to content of a process decision rule, extracting feature information from the manufacturing feature information library, and carrying out information mapping on the feature information and a feature manufacturing rule library to complete the creation of a manufacturing element, wherein the manufacturing element comprises all manufacturing information of a feature or a feature face, including a manufacturing element name, a manufacturing feature type, a manufactured portion, a manufacturing method, a manufacturing precision, a manufacturing tool, a manufacturing machine tool, a manufacturing time, a work fixture, a cutting amount, a manufacturing allowance, a main shaft rotation speed and a cutting speed; a manufacturing procedure generation module for, for the created manufacturing element, by means of a manufacturing element clustering algorithm based on a weighted attribute fuzzy c-means (WAFCM), according to the influences of different manufacturing attributes on a clustering result, assigning different weights to attributes such as the manufacturing method, the manufacturing precision, the manufacturing tool, the manufacturing machine tool and the work fixture, determining a number of clusters c, an iteration ending threshold c and a number of iterations T, and clustering manufacturing elements with similar manufacturing attributes to generate manufacturing procedures by integration; a part optimal procedure sequence obtaining module for, by means of a genetic algorithm, carrying out optimized sequencing on the procedures generated by clustering to obtain an optimal procedure sequencing list for the part; and a process model creation module for, with regard to the feature to be manufactured by each procedure, according to a reverse generation thought, using a half-space intersection or parametric modeling method to create, from the MBD design model, a manufacturing feature body of an Nth procedure, wherein a procedure MBD model of the Nth procedure is a collection of the MBD design model and process information of the procedure, generating a procedure model of an (N−1)th procedure by means of carrying out a Boolean addition calculation on the manufacturing feature body and the design model; and creating manufacturing feature bodies and procedure models of the remaining procedures, until a final blank model is created, and then completing the creation of the procedure model. 17. A terminal, characterized in that, the terminal is equipped with a controller implementing an MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for a typical automobile machined part according to claim 1. 18. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions, when the instructions executed on a computer, the computer will perform an MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for a typical automobile machined part according to claim 1 | The present invention is related to computer-assisted process design, and an MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method and platform for a typical automobile machined part are disclosed. By taking three-dimensional CAD software as a carrier, an MBD design model, and a process MBD model as a data output, the design flow comprises steps such as establishment of MBD-related standards, creation of an MBD design model, feature classification and creation of a feature library, feature recognition and information extraction, generation of manufacturing elements, clustering of the manufacturing elements and generation of procedures, sequencing of the procedures, and creation of manufacturing features body and procedure models. According to the present invention, the process MBD model integrating procedure models and manufacturing feature bodies can be rapidly generated, visualization of the process design flow can be realized, and the process design efficiency can be improved, thereby laying a foundation for the integration of CAD/CAPP/CAM.1-10. (canceled) 11. An MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for a typical automobile machined part, characterized in that, the MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part comprises the following steps of:
by taking three-dimensional CAD software as a carrier, an MBD design model as an unique data input, and a three-dimensional process MBD model as a data output, sequentially carrying out establishment of MBD-related standards, creation of an MBD design model, feature classification and creation of a feature information library, feature recognition and information extraction, generation of manufacturing elements, clustering of the manufacturing elements and generation of procedures, sequencing of the procedures, and creation of manufacturing feature bodies and procedure models; and generating a process MBD model integrating the procedure models and the manufacturing feature bodies to realize visualization of a process design flow: comprising the following steps of: Step 1, establishing MBD-related standards according to requirements for the creation of an MBD design model; Step 2, according to a set of the established MBD standards, determining all process information of part process design, including sizes and dimensional tolerances, geometric tolerances and references, face roughness degrees, technical requirements, process information and attribute annotations, and defining and labelling, in a three-dimensional labeling module of the CAD software, all the information of the process design to complete the creation of the MBD design model; Step 3: according to a design model of a typical part, carrying out attribute customization and feature classification on features of the model, wherein the customized features are classified according to a manufacturing face adjacency graph (MFAG) of the feature, and the classified features include individually manufactured faces, steps, holes, grooves and bosses; and then completing creation of a manufacturing feature information library in an XML file format, wherein the feature information library includes attributes of the customized feature faces and edges in various types, wherein attributes of a face mainly include a type of the face, a normal vector, and inner and outer loop information of the face; and attributes of an edge include a type of the edge, a normal vector, and concavity and convexity of the edge; Step 4: according to a STEP-format file of the part design model, acquiring an attribute adjacency graph (AAG) of a part, deleting all transitional features, blank faces and edges adjacent to the blank faces, and simplifying the attribute adjacency graph of the part to a manufacturing face adjacency graph (MFAG) of a feature; carrying out feature matching on the MFAG and the manufacturing feature information library, and if the matching is successful, recognizing corresponding features; if the matching is not successful, carrying out attribute decomposition on the MFAG, and integrating or dividing corresponding faces to obtain a plurality of feature sub-graphs, then carrying out feature matching on the feature sub-graphs and the manufacturing feature information library, and if the matching is successful, recognizing corresponding features; and for the recognized features, extracting product manufacturing information of each feature manufacturing face, including basic process design information and process auxiliary information, and outputting and storing the product manufacturing information in the XML file format to a background; Step 5: according to content of a process decision rule, extracting feature information from the manufacturing feature information library, and carrying out information mapping on the feature information and a feature manufacturing rule library to complete the creation of a manufacturing element, wherein the manufacturing element comprises all manufacturing information of a feature or a feature face, including a manufacturing element name, a manufacturing feature type, a manufactured portion, a manufacturing method, a manufacturing precision, a manufacturing tool, a manufacturing machine tool, a manufacturing time, a work fixture, a cutting amount, a manufacturing allowance, a main shaft rotation speed and a cutting speed; Step 6, for the manufacturing element created in Step 5, by means of a manufacturing element clustering algorithm based on a weighted attribute fuzzy c-means (WAFCM), according to the influences of different manufacturing attributes on a clustering result, assigning different weights to attributes such as the manufacturing method, the manufacturing precision, the manufacturing tool, the manufacturing machine tool and the work fixture, determining a number of clusters c, an iteration ending threshold c and a number of iterations T, and clustering manufacturing elements with similar manufacturing attributes to generate manufacturing procedures by integration; Step 7, by means of a genetic algorithm, carrying out optimized sequencing on the procedures generated in Step 6 to obtain an optimal procedure sequencing list for the part; and Step 8: with regard to the feature to be manufactured by each procedure, according to a reverse generation thought, using a half-space intersection or parametric modeling method to create, from the MBD design model, a manufacturing feature body of an Nth procedure, wherein a procedure MBD model of the Nth procedure is a collection of the MBD design model and process information of the procedure, and therefore, a procedure model of an (N−1)th procedure is generated by means of carrying out a Boolean addition calculation on the manufacturing feature body and the design model, and on this basis, creating manufacturing feature bodies and procedure models of the remaining procedures, until a final blank model is created, and then completing the creation of the procedure model. 12. The MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part of claim 1, characterized in that, in Step 1, the MBD standards include:
(1) MBD three-dimensional model definition and creation standards, including basic definition and data set completeness requirements for a part MBD model, three-dimensional modeling and assembly requirements for an MBD model, and technical requirements for generating a three-dimensional engineering drawing; (2) MBD three-dimensional labeling standards, including expression of an MBD model data set in a three-dimensional environment, specifically including selection of views of an MBD model, indication of sizes, dimensional tolerances and fits, indication of geometric tolerances and references and face roughness degrees, specifications for drawing a sectional view, part references and arrangement in an MBD assembly model, and specifications for drawing a part list; and (3) MBD process and tooling expression standards, including expression specifications for a metal cutting process and symbols and parameters thereof for a machined part, and expression specifications for positioning and fixing methods and symbols thereof. 13. The MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part of claim 1, characterized in that, Step 6 specifically comprises the following steps of:
firstly, creating a manufacturing element clustering mathematical model based on a weighted attribute fuzzy c-means (WAFCM); defining n manufacturing elements generated based the feature information rule library and the feature manufacturing rule library as n samples in a data set to be clustered, by means of typical fuzzy c-mean clustering analysis, dividing x1, x2, . . . , xn into c fuzzy subsets according to the similarity of manufacturing attributes corresponding to the n manufacturing elements in X, and defining the fuzzy subsets as a procedure set corresponding to the features V={v1, v2, . . . , vc}, i.e. clustering centers of fuzzy clustering; then, according to the classification of the manufacturing attributes of the manufacturing elements in Step 5, defining p manufacturing attributes contained in each sample in the data set X, which are denoted by, as an attribute vector of the n manufacturing elements such that in the WAFCM manufacturing element clustering algorithm, the kth sample point is denoted as xk=(x1k, x2k, . . . , xpk), k∈{1, 2, . . . , n}, and the clustering centers of the manufacturing elements are denoted as vi=(vi1, vi2, . . . , vip), i∈{1, 2, . . . , c}; calculating the influences of information defined by different manufacturing attributes of each clustering sample on the overall clustering, and assigning a weight W to each manufacturing attribute, wherein if a manufacturing attribute provides a positive effect on the clustering of the samples, a relatively large weight is assigned, otherwise a relatively small weight is assigned; then, defining a fuzzy membership matrix U=[uijk]ER, i=1, 2, . . . , c; j=1, 2, . . . , p; k=1, 2, . . . , n, and building an objective function representing weighted similarity between the manufacturing element sample data points and the procedure clustering centers such that on the basis of typical fuzzy c-means clustering, the manufacturing attributes are weighted to obtain an objective function Jm of the modified WAFCM algorithm: in the formula, uijk represents a membership degree of a clustered manufacturing element sample point xk belonging to a vith procedure on a manufacturing attribute j and reflects the similarity degree between the sample point and the clustering center, if uijk is close to 1, it indicates that the degree of belonging to the clustering center is high, and if close to 0, the degree of belonging to the clustering center is low; and m represents a weighted index, m∈(1, +∞), and takes a value of m=2; then, according to a clustering criterion, with constraint conditions of the objective function, finding an optimal (U, V, W) to minimize Jm(U, V, W), including calculating a partial derivative of Jm(U, V, W) with respect to each of U, V, W, and by means of the Lagrange multiplier method, calculating the values of uijk, vij, wj which minimize Jm(U, V, W) according to the constraint conditions, as shown in the following formulas: and finally, solving the WAFCM clustering algorithm: 1) determining input variables of the algorithm, including the manufacturing element data set X, the attribute vector P, the number of clusters c, the weighted index m, the iteration threshold ε, and the maximum number of iterations T, and setting an iteration counter t=0; 2) normalizing the data set X, initializing a membership degree matrix U(0) to satisfy a constraint condition, and setting an initial attribute weight matrix W(0) with each item having an initial value of wj=1/p, wherein p is the number of manufacturing element attributes; 3) continuously updating the membership matrix U(t)=[uijk]t, the prototype matrix V(t)=[vij]t and the attribute weight matrix W(t)=[wj]t according to the formulas uijk, vij, wj; and if t=T or |Jt−Jt−1|≤ε, accumulating the membership degrees of the manufacturing element samples based on each weighted attribute to obtain the membership degrees of the manufacturing element samples for procedure clustering according to a calculation formula as shown in; and determining the procedure to which each manufacturing element belongs according to the membership degrees; otherwise, repeating the step 3). 14. The MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part of claim 1, characterized in that, in Step 7, the manufacturing attributes, such as the manufacturing method, the manufacturing precision, the manufacturing tool, the manufacturing machine tool and the work fixture, of the procedures generated by clustering in the Step 6 are defined as the phenotype of a gene, and the gene is encoded to obtain an initial population with a potential solution; then, based on the principle of “survival of the fittest”, evolution is carried out from generation to generation to generate an optimal individual of the population, wherein in each generation, firstly, the individuals of the population are recombined, then each individual of the population is evaluated according to a fitness function which takes minimizing the manufacturing time as an optimization target, individuals with high fitness are selected and subjected to crossover and mutation operations according to a certain probability to generate a next generation of population, and an optimal individual of the last generation of population is decoded to obtain an approximate optimal solution, i.e. a sequence of procedures;
specifically including the following steps of:
encoding: defining the manufacturing attributes, such as the manufacturing method, the manufacturing precision, the manufacturing tool, the manufacturing machine tool and the work fixture, of the procedures generated by clustering in Step 6 as the phenotype of a gene and encoding the gene by means of a binary encoding method;
initial population obtaining: generating a series of initial code chains by means of a random method to obtain an initial population with a potential solution;
chromosome recombination: according to manufacturing rules and manufacturing attribute constraints, recombining chromosomes of the population before an iteration of initial chromosomes and after each crossover and mutation;
carrying out calculation according to a fitness function which takes minimizing the manufacturing time as an optimization target to evaluate individuals of the population;
crossover: carrying out single-point crossover by selecting individuals with high fitness in the population, selecting breakpoints according to a crossover probability, and carrying out single-point crossover on chromosomes behind the breakpoints to form new chromosomes;
mutation: selecting individuals with high fitness in the population, selecting a plurality of individuals according to a mutation probability, and randomly selecting a gene locus from the selected plurality of individuals to be changed into an allele; and
iteration: generating a new generation of population by each iteration, and when a preset number of iterations is reached or it converges to an optimal solution, ending the calculation; and decoding the optimal individual of the last generation of population to obtain an approximate optimal solution, i.e. the optimal sequence of procedures. 15. The MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for the typical automobile machined part of claim 1, characterized in that, in Step 8, the manufacturing feature body is a collection of volumes to be cut off by each procedure, and for the creation of the manufacturing feature body, a half-space intersection or parametric modeling method is used to obtain the manufacturing feature body according to attribute characteristics and generation modes of the interactive and non-interactive features obtained by classification of the manufacturing features;
wherein features that are recognized by directly carrying out matching on the manufacturing face adjacency graph MFAG of the manufacturing feature and the manufacturing feature information library, are non-interactive features, and the parametric modeling method is directly used to generate the manufacturing feature body; features that are recognized by carrying out attribute decomposition on the manufacturing face adjacency graph NMFAG, integrating or dividing corresponding faces to generate feature sub-graphs, and carrying out matching on the feature sub-graphs and the manufacturing feature information library, are interactive features which do not directly match with any feature pattern, and the half-space intersection method is used to generate the manufacturing feature body; a geometric relationship between the manufacturing feature bodies and the procedure models includes: for a machined part with n procedures, in reverse generation of the procedure models, in the sense of geometric modeling, the procedure model WPMj of a jth procedure is generated by carrying out a Boolean addition calculation on a procedure model WPMj+1 and the manufacturing feature bodies of a (j+1)th procedure, i.e., in the formula, Σ represents a set of types and does not represent a summation operator; 1≤j≤n, 1≤k≤m; represents a kth manufacturing feature body of the (j+1)th procedure, and m is the number of manufacturing feature bodies; and represents a Boolean addition operator; the half-space intersection method: a half-enclosed space is formed by extending and intersection of faces, and for a certain manufacturing feature, a manufacturing face set MFi and an adjacent face set AFj of the manufacturing feature are obtained, and the face sets are extended and intersected to obtain half-space bodies H{MFi} and H{AFj}; the manufacturing feature body is obtained by carrying out a Boolean intersection calculation on the two half-spaces, i.e. the process model is an expression of a collection of the manufacturing feature bodies and the procedure models, and the process MBD model is expressed as follows: in the formula, PIM represents the process MBD model of the machined part; WPMi represents a procedure model of an ith procedure; represents a kth manufacturing feature body of the ith procedure, and m is the number of manufacturing feature bodies; PIi represents process information belonging to the procedure MBD model corresponding to the ith procedure. 16. An MBD-based three-dimensional process designing platform for a typical automobile machined part for implementing the method of claim 1, characterized in that, the MBD-based three-dimensional process designing platform for the typical automobile machined part includes:
an MBD related standard establishing module for establishing MBD-related standards according to requirements for the creation of an MBD design model; an MBD design model creation module for, according to a set of the established MBD standards, determining all process information of part process design, including sizes and dimensional tolerances, geometric tolerances and references, face roughness degrees, technical requirements, process information and attribute annotations, and defining and labelling, in a three-dimensional labeling module of CAD software, all the information of the process design to complete the creation of the MBD design model; an attribute customization and feature classification module for, according to a design model of a typical part, carrying out attribute customization and feature classification on features of the model, wherein the customized features are classified according to a manufacturing face adjacency graph (MFAG) of the feature, and the classified features include individually manufactured faces, steps, holes, grooves and bosses; and then completing creation of a manufacturing feature information library in an XML file format, wherein the feature information library includes attributes of the customized feature faces and edges in various types, wherein attributes of a face mainly include a type of the face, a normal vector, and inner and outer loop information of the face; and attributes of an edge include a type of the edge, a normal vector, and concavity and convexity of the edge; a feature recognition and information extraction module for, according to a STEP-format file of the part design model, acquiring an attribute adjacency graph (AAG) of a part, deleting all transitional features, blank faces and edges adjacent to the blank faces, and simplifying the attribute adjacency graph of the part to a manufacturing face adjacency graph (MFAG) of the feature; carrying out feature matching on the MFAG and the manufacturing feature information library, and if the matching is successful, recognizing corresponding features; if the matching is not successful, carrying out attribute decomposition on the MFAG, and integrating or dividing corresponding faces to obtain a plurality of feature sub-graphs, then carrying out feature matching on the feature sub-graphs and the manufacturing feature information library, and if the matching is successful, recognizing corresponding features; and for the recognized features, extracting product manufacturing information of each feature manufacturing face, including basic process design information and process auxiliary information, and outputting and storing the product manufacturing information in the XML file format to a background; a manufacturing element creation module for, according to content of a process decision rule, extracting feature information from the manufacturing feature information library, and carrying out information mapping on the feature information and a feature manufacturing rule library to complete the creation of a manufacturing element, wherein the manufacturing element comprises all manufacturing information of a feature or a feature face, including a manufacturing element name, a manufacturing feature type, a manufactured portion, a manufacturing method, a manufacturing precision, a manufacturing tool, a manufacturing machine tool, a manufacturing time, a work fixture, a cutting amount, a manufacturing allowance, a main shaft rotation speed and a cutting speed; a manufacturing procedure generation module for, for the created manufacturing element, by means of a manufacturing element clustering algorithm based on a weighted attribute fuzzy c-means (WAFCM), according to the influences of different manufacturing attributes on a clustering result, assigning different weights to attributes such as the manufacturing method, the manufacturing precision, the manufacturing tool, the manufacturing machine tool and the work fixture, determining a number of clusters c, an iteration ending threshold c and a number of iterations T, and clustering manufacturing elements with similar manufacturing attributes to generate manufacturing procedures by integration; a part optimal procedure sequence obtaining module for, by means of a genetic algorithm, carrying out optimized sequencing on the procedures generated by clustering to obtain an optimal procedure sequencing list for the part; and a process model creation module for, with regard to the feature to be manufactured by each procedure, according to a reverse generation thought, using a half-space intersection or parametric modeling method to create, from the MBD design model, a manufacturing feature body of an Nth procedure, wherein a procedure MBD model of the Nth procedure is a collection of the MBD design model and process information of the procedure, generating a procedure model of an (N−1)th procedure by means of carrying out a Boolean addition calculation on the manufacturing feature body and the design model; and creating manufacturing feature bodies and procedure models of the remaining procedures, until a final blank model is created, and then completing the creation of the procedure model. 17. A terminal, characterized in that, the terminal is equipped with a controller implementing an MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for a typical automobile machined part according to claim 1. 18. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions, when the instructions executed on a computer, the computer will perform an MBD-based three-dimensional process designing method for a typical automobile machined part according to claim 1 | 2,600 |
349,349 | 350,223 | 16,853,754 | 2,444 | The flexibility of a communication with a chatbot can be increased using a chatbot platform that can be integrated with a plurality of chat channels as well as facilitate communication between users of different chat channels. The platform can host chatbots that can leverage a plurality of resources, including internal and external natural language processors, machine learning, analytics services, and third party services to generate a response to user communications and take actions on behalf of the user. The use of the natural language processing and other additional information allows to generate an appropriate response to user queries, and to thus increase the speed with which user concerns are address. Further, the platform includes a chatbot creation program that allows a quick way to create a large number of customized chatbots without requiring advanced programming skills from the chatbot creator. | 1. A system for facilitating multi-channel conversations, comprising:
a platform comprising a plurality of servers, one or more of the servers configured to establish an interaction between a computing device communicating with the platform via a chat channel and a different computing device communicating with the platform via a different chat channel, establishing the communication comprising:
receive via the chat channel a request from the computing device for the interaction;
receive via the chat channel an identification of a chatroom created on the chat channel;
provide the received identifier to the different chat channel;
receive a request to join the chatroom from the different computing device via the different chat channel;
receive via the chat channel a message posted in the chatroom by the computing device and provide the message to the different computing device via the different chat channel; and
receive via the different chat channel a further message from the different computing device and provide the further message to the chat channel for posting in the chatroom. 2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the chat channel is associated with a communication format and the different chat channel is associated with a different communication format, one or more of the servers configured to:
format the message received from the chat channel into the different communication format prior to providing the communication to the different chat channel; and format the further message into the communication format prior to providing the message to the chat channel for posting in the chatroom. 3. A system according to claim 1, wherein upon receiving the identification of the chatroom, the different chat channel presents the identification of the chatroom for a selection by a user associated with the different computing device and wherein the request to join the chatroom is sent after the different chat channel receives the user selection. 4. A system according to claim 1, wherein the platform hosts a chatbot registered with the chat channel and the different chat channel, one or more of the servers configured to:
generate using the chatbot a response to the message; and provide the response to the computing device via the chat channel. 5. A system according to claim 4, wherein one of the servers is a webhook server associated with the chatbot and wherein the message and the different message are received by the webhook server and the response is sent by the webhook server. 6. A system according to claim 4, one or more of the servers configured to:
identify an intent of a user associated with the message, wherein the response communication is generated based on the intent. 7. A system according to claim 6, wherein identifying the intent comprises generating a clarifying question and sending the clarifying question to the computing device. 8. A system according to claim 7, wherein the clarifying question is generated using a natural language processor. 9. A system according to claim 8, wherein one of the natural language processor is executed by one or more of the servers and the natural language processor is a third party natural language processing service accessed by one or more of the servers. 10. A system according to claim 6, wherein identifying the intent comprises obtaining data regarding a user associated with the computing device and previous interactions of the user with the platform. 11. A method for facilitating multi-channel conversations, comprising:
establishing by a platform comprising a plurality of servers an interaction between a computing device communicating with the platform via a chat channel and a different computing device communicating with the platform via a different chat channel, comprising:
receiving via the chat channel a request from the computing device for the interaction;
receiving via the chat channel an identification of a chatroom created on the chat channel;
providing the received identifier to the different chat channel;
receiving a request to join the chatroom from the different computing device via the different chat channel;
receiving via the chat channel a message posted in the chatroom by the computing device and providing the message to the different computing device via the different chat channel; and
receiving via the different chat channel a further message from the different computing device and providing the further message to the chat channel for posting in the chatroom. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the chat channel is associated with a communication format and the different chat channel is associated with a different communication format, further comprising:
formatting by the platform the message received from the chat channel into the different communication format prior to providing the communication to the different chat channel; and formatting by the platform the further message into the communication format prior to providing the message to the chat channel for posting in the chatroom. 13. A method according to claim 11, wherein upon receiving the identification of the chatroom, the different chat channel presents the identification of the chatroom for a selection by a user associated with the different computing device and wherein the request to join the chatroom is sent after the different chat channel receives the user selection. 14. A method according to claim 11, wherein the platform hosts a chatbot registered with the chat channel and the different chat channel, further comprising:
generating by the platform using the chatbot a response to the message; and providing by the platform the response to the computing device via the chat channel. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein one of the servers is a webhook server associated with the chatbot and wherein the message and the different message are received by the webhook server and the response is sent by the webhook server. 16. A method according to claim 14, further comprising:
identifying by the platform an intent of a user associated with the message, wherein the response communication is generated based on the intent. 17. A method according to claim 16, wherein identifying the intent comprises generating a clarifying question and sending the clarifying question to the computing device. 18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the clarifying question is generated using a natural language processor. 19. A method according to claim 18, wherein one of the natural language processor is executed by one or more of the servers and the natural language processor is a third party natural language processing service accessed by one or more of the servers. 20. A method according to claim 16, wherein identifying the intent comprises obtaining data regarding a user associated with the computing device and previous interactions of the user with the platform. | The flexibility of a communication with a chatbot can be increased using a chatbot platform that can be integrated with a plurality of chat channels as well as facilitate communication between users of different chat channels. The platform can host chatbots that can leverage a plurality of resources, including internal and external natural language processors, machine learning, analytics services, and third party services to generate a response to user communications and take actions on behalf of the user. The use of the natural language processing and other additional information allows to generate an appropriate response to user queries, and to thus increase the speed with which user concerns are address. Further, the platform includes a chatbot creation program that allows a quick way to create a large number of customized chatbots without requiring advanced programming skills from the chatbot creator.1. A system for facilitating multi-channel conversations, comprising:
a platform comprising a plurality of servers, one or more of the servers configured to establish an interaction between a computing device communicating with the platform via a chat channel and a different computing device communicating with the platform via a different chat channel, establishing the communication comprising:
receive via the chat channel a request from the computing device for the interaction;
receive via the chat channel an identification of a chatroom created on the chat channel;
provide the received identifier to the different chat channel;
receive a request to join the chatroom from the different computing device via the different chat channel;
receive via the chat channel a message posted in the chatroom by the computing device and provide the message to the different computing device via the different chat channel; and
receive via the different chat channel a further message from the different computing device and provide the further message to the chat channel for posting in the chatroom. 2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the chat channel is associated with a communication format and the different chat channel is associated with a different communication format, one or more of the servers configured to:
format the message received from the chat channel into the different communication format prior to providing the communication to the different chat channel; and format the further message into the communication format prior to providing the message to the chat channel for posting in the chatroom. 3. A system according to claim 1, wherein upon receiving the identification of the chatroom, the different chat channel presents the identification of the chatroom for a selection by a user associated with the different computing device and wherein the request to join the chatroom is sent after the different chat channel receives the user selection. 4. A system according to claim 1, wherein the platform hosts a chatbot registered with the chat channel and the different chat channel, one or more of the servers configured to:
generate using the chatbot a response to the message; and provide the response to the computing device via the chat channel. 5. A system according to claim 4, wherein one of the servers is a webhook server associated with the chatbot and wherein the message and the different message are received by the webhook server and the response is sent by the webhook server. 6. A system according to claim 4, one or more of the servers configured to:
identify an intent of a user associated with the message, wherein the response communication is generated based on the intent. 7. A system according to claim 6, wherein identifying the intent comprises generating a clarifying question and sending the clarifying question to the computing device. 8. A system according to claim 7, wherein the clarifying question is generated using a natural language processor. 9. A system according to claim 8, wherein one of the natural language processor is executed by one or more of the servers and the natural language processor is a third party natural language processing service accessed by one or more of the servers. 10. A system according to claim 6, wherein identifying the intent comprises obtaining data regarding a user associated with the computing device and previous interactions of the user with the platform. 11. A method for facilitating multi-channel conversations, comprising:
establishing by a platform comprising a plurality of servers an interaction between a computing device communicating with the platform via a chat channel and a different computing device communicating with the platform via a different chat channel, comprising:
receiving via the chat channel a request from the computing device for the interaction;
receiving via the chat channel an identification of a chatroom created on the chat channel;
providing the received identifier to the different chat channel;
receiving a request to join the chatroom from the different computing device via the different chat channel;
receiving via the chat channel a message posted in the chatroom by the computing device and providing the message to the different computing device via the different chat channel; and
receiving via the different chat channel a further message from the different computing device and providing the further message to the chat channel for posting in the chatroom. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the chat channel is associated with a communication format and the different chat channel is associated with a different communication format, further comprising:
formatting by the platform the message received from the chat channel into the different communication format prior to providing the communication to the different chat channel; and formatting by the platform the further message into the communication format prior to providing the message to the chat channel for posting in the chatroom. 13. A method according to claim 11, wherein upon receiving the identification of the chatroom, the different chat channel presents the identification of the chatroom for a selection by a user associated with the different computing device and wherein the request to join the chatroom is sent after the different chat channel receives the user selection. 14. A method according to claim 11, wherein the platform hosts a chatbot registered with the chat channel and the different chat channel, further comprising:
generating by the platform using the chatbot a response to the message; and providing by the platform the response to the computing device via the chat channel. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein one of the servers is a webhook server associated with the chatbot and wherein the message and the different message are received by the webhook server and the response is sent by the webhook server. 16. A method according to claim 14, further comprising:
identifying by the platform an intent of a user associated with the message, wherein the response communication is generated based on the intent. 17. A method according to claim 16, wherein identifying the intent comprises generating a clarifying question and sending the clarifying question to the computing device. 18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the clarifying question is generated using a natural language processor. 19. A method according to claim 18, wherein one of the natural language processor is executed by one or more of the servers and the natural language processor is a third party natural language processing service accessed by one or more of the servers. 20. A method according to claim 16, wherein identifying the intent comprises obtaining data regarding a user associated with the computing device and previous interactions of the user with the platform. | 2,400 |
349,350 | 350,224 | 16,758,029 | 2,643 | By offering this service, a Mobile Operator aims further enhancements of its customers' retention and loyalty, and creation of a new revenue stream. | 1. A method for managing an initiated call between a caller and a roaming callee, where the caller and the callee are both subscribers of the same mobile network operator. This method includes:
a step informing the caller about the callee roaming information, following the step of informing, a step offering the caller a plurality of options to continue with this initiated call, 2. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the roaming information include the location of the callee and the local time at the said location. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein it further comprises, when the caller chooses the first option, a step informing the callee that his is receiving a free of charges call. 4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein it further comprises a step of duplication and update of an existing contact stored in the callee mobile phone to an extended contact. The said existing contact is the contact of the caller, and the extended contact includes the existing contact and a predefined extension. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein it further comprises, when the caller chooses the first option, a step displaying to the callee the extended contact of the caller. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein said plurality of options further includes a second option to continue with the call without assuming the roaming charges, the method further comprises a step of displaying to the callee the said existing contact. 7. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein said plurality of options further includes a third option to hang up. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein it further comprises, when the caller choose the third option, a step informing the callee about an attempted call from the caller and the caller local time. 9. A mobile network including a server (3) for managing an initiated call between a caller and a roaming callee, the caller and the callee being both subscribers of the same mobile network. The server (3) being configured to:
inform the caller about roaming information of the callee, inform the caller about a plurality of options to continue with the initiated call, 10. The mobile network of the preceding claim, wherein it further comprises a Gateway Mobile Switching Center (4) (GMSC) configured, when the caller chooses the first option, to attach to a provided Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) allocated by the Visitor Location Register (VLR) to which the callee is attached, a predefined extended Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number (extended-MSISDN) including the Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN) of the caller and a predefined extension. | By offering this service, a Mobile Operator aims further enhancements of its customers' retention and loyalty, and creation of a new revenue stream.1. A method for managing an initiated call between a caller and a roaming callee, where the caller and the callee are both subscribers of the same mobile network operator. This method includes:
a step informing the caller about the callee roaming information, following the step of informing, a step offering the caller a plurality of options to continue with this initiated call, 2. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the roaming information include the location of the callee and the local time at the said location. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein it further comprises, when the caller chooses the first option, a step informing the callee that his is receiving a free of charges call. 4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein it further comprises a step of duplication and update of an existing contact stored in the callee mobile phone to an extended contact. The said existing contact is the contact of the caller, and the extended contact includes the existing contact and a predefined extension. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein it further comprises, when the caller chooses the first option, a step displaying to the callee the extended contact of the caller. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein said plurality of options further includes a second option to continue with the call without assuming the roaming charges, the method further comprises a step of displaying to the callee the said existing contact. 7. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein said plurality of options further includes a third option to hang up. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein it further comprises, when the caller choose the third option, a step informing the callee about an attempted call from the caller and the caller local time. 9. A mobile network including a server (3) for managing an initiated call between a caller and a roaming callee, the caller and the callee being both subscribers of the same mobile network. The server (3) being configured to:
inform the caller about roaming information of the callee, inform the caller about a plurality of options to continue with the initiated call, 10. The mobile network of the preceding claim, wherein it further comprises a Gateway Mobile Switching Center (4) (GMSC) configured, when the caller chooses the first option, to attach to a provided Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) allocated by the Visitor Location Register (VLR) to which the callee is attached, a predefined extended Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number (extended-MSISDN) including the Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN) of the caller and a predefined extension. | 2,600 |
349,351 | 350,225 | 16,853,771 | 2,643 | A document processing apparatus includes a processor configured to receive purpose information indicating a purpose of creating a document, extract item definition information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information from item definition information stored in a memory for the item definition information in which one or more items to be posted in the document are defined in correspondence with the purpose of creating the document, extract an item value corresponding to each item defined in the extracted item definition information from item information stored in a memory for the item information including the item value of each item, and assign the extracted item value in each predetermined area of the document to create the document. | 1. A document processing apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive purpose information indicating a purpose of creating a document;
extract item definition information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information from item definition information stored in a memory for the item definition information in which one or more items to be posted in the document are defined in correspondence with the purpose of creating the document;
extract an item value corresponding to each item defined in the extracted item definition information from item information stored in a memory for the item information including the item value of each item; and
assign the extracted item value in each predetermined area of the document to create the document. 2. The document processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the item definition information defines information item information including one or more information items indicating an item of information constituting the document; and wherein the information item is associated with an item corresponding to the information item among the one or more items corresponding to the purpose of creating the document. 3. The document processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the memory for the item definition information stores a plurality of pieces of information item information having different combinations of constituent information items in correspondence with an identical purpose. 4. The document processing apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the processor is configured to allow a user to select one piece of information item information from corresponding information item information in a case where a plurality of pieces of information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information is stored in the memory for the item definition information. 5. The document processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the memory for the item definition information stores a plurality of pieces of item configuration information having different combinations of constituent items in correspondence with an identical information item. 6. The document processing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processor is configured to allow the user to select one piece of item configuration information from corresponding item configuration information in a case where a plurality of pieces of item configuration information corresponding to the information item included in the information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information is stored in the memory for the item definition information. 7. The document processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the item information is configured by associating the information item with item configuration information corresponding to the information item and an item value of each item constituting the item configuration information. 8. The document processing apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the processor is configured to allow the user to select one piece of item information from corresponding item information in a case where a plurality of pieces of item information corresponding to the information item included in the information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information is stored in the memory for the item information. 9. The document processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to assign the extracted item value in each area designated by disposition information relating to a disposition of the items to automatically create the document. 10. The document processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the processor is configured to create the document by referring to disposition information in which a disposition of the information items included in the information item information is defined in correspondence with the information item information. 11. The document processing apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein a memory for the disposition information stores a plurality of pieces of disposition information in which the information items included in the information item information are differently assigned in correspondence with identical information item information. 12. The document processing apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the processor is configured to allow the user to select one piece of disposition information from corresponding disposition information in a case where a plurality of disposition information corresponding to the information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information is stored in the memory for the disposition information. 13. The document processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein a memory for the disposition information stores a plurality of pieces of item disposition information in which constituent items are differently assigned in correspondence with an identical information item. 14. The document processing apparatus according to claim 13,
wherein the processor is configured to allow the user to select one piece of item disposition information from corresponding item disposition information in a case where a plurality of pieces of item disposition information corresponding to the information items included in the information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information are stored in the memory for the disposition information. 15. A document processing system comprising:
a processor; an item definition information memory that stores item definition information in which one or more items to be posted in a document are defined in correspondence with a purpose of creating the document; an item information memory that stores item information including an item value of each item; and a disposition information memory that stores disposition information relating to a disposition of the items, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive purpose information indicating the purpose of creating the document;
extract item definition information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information from the item definition information memory;
extract an item value corresponding to each item defined in the extracted item definition information from the item definition information stored in the item information memory; and
assign the extracted item value in each area designated by the disposition information to create the document. 16. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to realize:
a function of receiving purpose information indicating a purpose of creating a document; a function of extracting item definition information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information from item definition information stored in a memory for the item definition information in which one or more items to be posted in the document are defined in correspondence with the purpose of creating the document; a function of extracting an item value corresponding to each item defined in the extracted item definition information from item information stored in a memory for the item information including the item value of each item; and a function of disposing the extracted item value in each predetermined area of the document to create the document. | A document processing apparatus includes a processor configured to receive purpose information indicating a purpose of creating a document, extract item definition information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information from item definition information stored in a memory for the item definition information in which one or more items to be posted in the document are defined in correspondence with the purpose of creating the document, extract an item value corresponding to each item defined in the extracted item definition information from item information stored in a memory for the item information including the item value of each item, and assign the extracted item value in each predetermined area of the document to create the document.1. A document processing apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive purpose information indicating a purpose of creating a document;
extract item definition information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information from item definition information stored in a memory for the item definition information in which one or more items to be posted in the document are defined in correspondence with the purpose of creating the document;
extract an item value corresponding to each item defined in the extracted item definition information from item information stored in a memory for the item information including the item value of each item; and
assign the extracted item value in each predetermined area of the document to create the document. 2. The document processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the item definition information defines information item information including one or more information items indicating an item of information constituting the document; and wherein the information item is associated with an item corresponding to the information item among the one or more items corresponding to the purpose of creating the document. 3. The document processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the memory for the item definition information stores a plurality of pieces of information item information having different combinations of constituent information items in correspondence with an identical purpose. 4. The document processing apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the processor is configured to allow a user to select one piece of information item information from corresponding information item information in a case where a plurality of pieces of information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information is stored in the memory for the item definition information. 5. The document processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the memory for the item definition information stores a plurality of pieces of item configuration information having different combinations of constituent items in correspondence with an identical information item. 6. The document processing apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the processor is configured to allow the user to select one piece of item configuration information from corresponding item configuration information in a case where a plurality of pieces of item configuration information corresponding to the information item included in the information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information is stored in the memory for the item definition information. 7. The document processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the item information is configured by associating the information item with item configuration information corresponding to the information item and an item value of each item constituting the item configuration information. 8. The document processing apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the processor is configured to allow the user to select one piece of item information from corresponding item information in a case where a plurality of pieces of item information corresponding to the information item included in the information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information is stored in the memory for the item information. 9. The document processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to assign the extracted item value in each area designated by disposition information relating to a disposition of the items to automatically create the document. 10. The document processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the processor is configured to create the document by referring to disposition information in which a disposition of the information items included in the information item information is defined in correspondence with the information item information. 11. The document processing apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein a memory for the disposition information stores a plurality of pieces of disposition information in which the information items included in the information item information are differently assigned in correspondence with identical information item information. 12. The document processing apparatus according to claim 11,
wherein the processor is configured to allow the user to select one piece of disposition information from corresponding disposition information in a case where a plurality of disposition information corresponding to the information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information is stored in the memory for the disposition information. 13. The document processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein a memory for the disposition information stores a plurality of pieces of item disposition information in which constituent items are differently assigned in correspondence with an identical information item. 14. The document processing apparatus according to claim 13,
wherein the processor is configured to allow the user to select one piece of item disposition information from corresponding item disposition information in a case where a plurality of pieces of item disposition information corresponding to the information items included in the information item information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information are stored in the memory for the disposition information. 15. A document processing system comprising:
a processor; an item definition information memory that stores item definition information in which one or more items to be posted in a document are defined in correspondence with a purpose of creating the document; an item information memory that stores item information including an item value of each item; and a disposition information memory that stores disposition information relating to a disposition of the items, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive purpose information indicating the purpose of creating the document;
extract item definition information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information from the item definition information memory;
extract an item value corresponding to each item defined in the extracted item definition information from the item definition information stored in the item information memory; and
assign the extracted item value in each area designated by the disposition information to create the document. 16. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to realize:
a function of receiving purpose information indicating a purpose of creating a document; a function of extracting item definition information corresponding to the purpose indicated by the received purpose information from item definition information stored in a memory for the item definition information in which one or more items to be posted in the document are defined in correspondence with the purpose of creating the document; a function of extracting an item value corresponding to each item defined in the extracted item definition information from item information stored in a memory for the item information including the item value of each item; and a function of disposing the extracted item value in each predetermined area of the document to create the document. | 2,600 |
349,352 | 350,226 | 16,853,755 | 2,643 | The present invention relates to a volume-adjustable compensation brassiere that is configured such that a user can conveniently adjust the brassiere to a desired volume. The volume-adjustable compensation brassiere includes: a pair of bra cups formed by arc-shaped lines in a form surrounding the overall protruding breasts; and a wearing band configured to connect the bra cups, to be worn around the chest, and to be fastened at both ends thereof through hook-eye fastening. A plurality of first coupling means is formed on the front of each of the bra cups, and compensation covers are each teamed in a shape covering the overall front of a corresponding one of the bra cups and are each provided with second coupling means configured to be coupled with the first coupling means. | 1. A volume-adjustable compensation brassiere comprising:
a pair of bra cups (100) formed by arc-shaped lines in a form surrounding overall protruding breasts; and a wearing band (200) configured to connect the bra cups (100), to be worn around a chest, and to be fastened at both ends thereof through hook-eye fastening; wherein a plurality of first coupling means (110) is formed on a front of each of the bra cups (100), and compensation covers (300) are each formed in a shape covering the overall front of a corresponding one of the bra cups (100) and are each provided with second coupling means (310) configured to be coupled with the first coupling means (110). 2. The volume-adjustable compensation brassiere of claim 1, wherein the first coupling means (110) of the bra cups (100) and the second coupling means (310) of the compensation covers (300) are each applied as any one of a Velcro tape, a button, and a hook-eye fastener. 3. The volume-adjustable compensation brassiere of claim 1, wherein the compensation covers (300) comprise first compensation covens (300 a), second compensation covers (300 b), and third compensation covers (300 c) having different thicknesses, and thus a user selects and couples the compensation covers (300) having a desired thickness. 4. The volume-adjustable compensation brassiere of claim 3, wherein a thickness of the compensation covers (300) is adjusted by superimposing two or more of each of the first compensation covers (300 a), each of the second compensation covers (300 b), and each of the third compensation covets (300 c) on each other in a longitudinal direction. | The present invention relates to a volume-adjustable compensation brassiere that is configured such that a user can conveniently adjust the brassiere to a desired volume. The volume-adjustable compensation brassiere includes: a pair of bra cups formed by arc-shaped lines in a form surrounding the overall protruding breasts; and a wearing band configured to connect the bra cups, to be worn around the chest, and to be fastened at both ends thereof through hook-eye fastening. A plurality of first coupling means is formed on the front of each of the bra cups, and compensation covers are each teamed in a shape covering the overall front of a corresponding one of the bra cups and are each provided with second coupling means configured to be coupled with the first coupling means.1. A volume-adjustable compensation brassiere comprising:
a pair of bra cups (100) formed by arc-shaped lines in a form surrounding overall protruding breasts; and a wearing band (200) configured to connect the bra cups (100), to be worn around a chest, and to be fastened at both ends thereof through hook-eye fastening; wherein a plurality of first coupling means (110) is formed on a front of each of the bra cups (100), and compensation covers (300) are each formed in a shape covering the overall front of a corresponding one of the bra cups (100) and are each provided with second coupling means (310) configured to be coupled with the first coupling means (110). 2. The volume-adjustable compensation brassiere of claim 1, wherein the first coupling means (110) of the bra cups (100) and the second coupling means (310) of the compensation covers (300) are each applied as any one of a Velcro tape, a button, and a hook-eye fastener. 3. The volume-adjustable compensation brassiere of claim 1, wherein the compensation covers (300) comprise first compensation covens (300 a), second compensation covers (300 b), and third compensation covers (300 c) having different thicknesses, and thus a user selects and couples the compensation covers (300) having a desired thickness. 4. The volume-adjustable compensation brassiere of claim 3, wherein a thickness of the compensation covers (300) is adjusted by superimposing two or more of each of the first compensation covers (300 a), each of the second compensation covers (300 b), and each of the third compensation covets (300 c) on each other in a longitudinal direction. | 2,600 |
349,353 | 350,227 | 16,757,978 | 2,643 | Techniques and apparatus for a control plane design for bandwidth part (BWP) in new radio (NR) are provided. One technique includes sending information with an indication of a BWP capability of a user equipment (UE) to a base station (BS). A configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication is received in response to the indication. Communications are performed on at least one of the set of BWPs. Another technique includes receiving information having an indication of a BWP capability of the UE. A configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication is determined. The configuration is sent to the UE. | 1. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
sending information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE to a base station (BS); receiving, in response to the indication, a configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication; and performing communications on at least one of the set of BWPs. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information further comprises an indication of a carrier aggregation (CA) capability of the UE. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving from the BS a request for one or more capabilities of the UE, wherein the information is sent in response to the request. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one or more component carriers; or the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one of more carrier aggregation (CA) configurations. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises a maximum receive bandwidth of the UE. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of one or more receive bandwidths supported by the UE. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a capability of the UE to switch from at least a first one or more BWPs to at least a second one or more BWPs. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a latency associated with switching from each combination of the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a maximum latency associated with switching from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration is received via a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers at least one of an addition of one or more BWPs to the set of BWPs, a release of one or more BWPs from the set of BWPs, or a reconfiguration of one or more BWPs in the set of BWPs. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises at least one of a default downlink BWP or a default uplink BWP. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the communications comprises retuning and performing a random access procedure on the default uplink BWP. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the random access procedure is performed on the default uplink BWP if a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the random access procedure is a contention-based random access procedure or a contention-free access procedure. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the communications comprises performing a random access procedure on an initial active uplink BWP indicated in system information if the default uplink BWP is not configured and a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the communications comprises:
determining that a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources; after the determination, switching from the current active uplink BWP that does not have random access resources to another uplink BWP that does have random access resources; and performing a random access procedure on the other uplink BWP. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the other uplink BWP is one of a plurality of uplink BWPs configured with random access resources; and the other uplink BWP is not the default uplink BWP. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the communications comprises monitoring for system information and random access response on the default downlink BWP. 20. The method of claim 10, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises:
a set of BWPs for frequency division duplex (FDD) operation; a set of BWPs for time division duplex (TDD) operation; a set of downlink BWPs for supplemental downlink (SDL) operation; or a set of uplink BWPs for supplemental uplink (SUL) operation. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the set of BWPs for FDD operation comprises a default uplink BWP and default downlink BWP for FDD operation; the set of BWPs for TDD operation comprises a default BWP for downlink and uplink; the set of downlink BWPs for SDL operation comprises a default downlink BWP for SDL operation; and the set of uplink BWPs for SUL operation comprises a default uplink BWP for SUL operation. 22. The method of claim 10, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers a release of a first active BWP used by the UE for communications. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein:
performing the communications comprises switching to a default BWP for the communications in response to the release; and the default BWP comprises a default downlink BWP, a default uplink BWP or a default BWP pair for uplink and downlink. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein:
the RRC reconfiguration message comprises an indication of a second active BWP for the UE to use for communication; and performing the communications comprises switching from the first active BWP to the second active BWP for the communications in response to the release. 25. The method of claim 10, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message refrains from releasing an active BWP used by the UE for communication. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein:
performing the communications comprises communicating on a first active BWP in a first cell; detecting at least one of a radio link failure in the first cell, a handover from the first cell or a change in the first cell; and triggering a release of the first active BWP in response to the detection. 27. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending a random access preamble to another BS on an uplink BWP for the other BS; and monitoring for a random access response from BS on a downlink BWP for the other BS. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising receiving a handover command, wherein an indication of the uplink BWP and downlink BWP for the other BS is provided in the handover command. 29. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring for at least one of a paging message or system information in an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 30. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a trigger to switch from an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs to a default downlink BWP of the set of BWPs to monitor for at least one of a paging message or system information; switching from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP in response to the trigger; and monitoring for at least one of the paging message or the system information on the default downlink BWP. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the trigger is received via downlink control information (DCI). 32. The method of claim 30, where the default downlink BWP is a fallback downlink BWP or an initial downlink BWP. 33. A method for wireless communications by a base station (BS), comprising:
receiving, from a user equipment (UE), information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE; determining, based on the indication, a configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication; and sending the configuration to the UE. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the information further comprises an indication of a carrier aggregation (CA) capability of the UE. 35. The method of claim 33, further comprising sending a request for one or more capabilities of the UE, wherein the information is received in response to the request. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein:
the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one or more component carriers; or the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one of more carrier aggregation (CA) configurations. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises a maximum receive bandwidth of the UE. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of one or more receive bandwidths supported by the UE. 39. The method of claim 36, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a capability of the UE to switch from at least a first one or more BWPs to at least a second one or more BWPs. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a latency associated with switching from each combination of the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 41. The method of claim 39, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a maximum latency associated with switching from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 42. The method of claim 33, wherein the configuration is sent via a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers at least one of an addition of one or more BWPs to the set of BWPs, a release of one or more BWPs from the set of BWPs, or a reconfiguration of one or more BWPs in the set of BWPs. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises at least one of a default downlink BWP or a default uplink BWP. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises:
a set of BWPs for frequency division duplex (FDD) operation; a set of BWPs for time division duplex (TDD) operation; a set of downlink BWPs for supplemental downlink (SDL) operation; or a set of uplink BWPs for supplemental uplink (SUL) operation. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein:
the set of BWPs for FDD operation comprises a default uplink BWP and default downlink BWP for FDD operation; the set of BWPs for TDD operation comprises a default BWP for downlink and uplink; the set of downlink BWPs for SDL operation comprises a default downlink BWP for SDL operation; and the set of uplink BWPs for SUL operation comprises a default uplink BWP for SUL operation. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers a release of a first active BWP used by the UE for communications. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message comprises an indication of a second active BWP for the UE to use for communication. 49. The method of claim 42, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message refrains from releasing an active BWP used by the UE for communication. 50. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
receiving a random access preamble from a UE on an uplink BWP for the BS; and sending a random access response to the UE on a downlink BWP for the BS. 51. The method of claim 50, further comprising sending an indication of the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP to the UE via a handover command. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein:
the uplink BWP is a default uplink BWP of the BS; and the BS is a target cell. 53. The method of claim 51, wherein:
the uplink BWP is an initial active uplink BWP of the BS; and the BS is a target cell. 54. The method of claim 53, further comprising sending an indication to find the initial active uplink BWP to the UE via a handover command. 55. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
sending at least one of a paging message or system information to the UE on an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 56. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
triggering the UE to switch from monitoring from a first active downlink BWP to a second downlink BWP for at least one of a paging message or system information; configuring a retuning time for the switch from the first active downlink BWP to the second downlink BWP; and refraining from sending at least one of a paging message or system information during the retuning time. 57. The method of claim 33, further comprising sending at least one of a paging message or system information to the UE on a default downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the default downlink BWP is a fallback downlink BWP or an initial downlink BWP. 59. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the apparatus to a base station (BS); a receiver configured to receive, in response to the indication, a configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication; at least one processor configured to perform communications on at least one of the set of BWPs; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. 60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the information further comprises an indication of a carrier aggregation (CA) capability of the apparatus. 61. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the receiver is further configured to receive from the BS a request for one or more capabilities of the apparatus; and the transmitter transmits the information in response to the request. 62. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one or more component carriers; or the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one of more carrier aggregation (CA) configurations. 63. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises a maximum receive bandwidth of the apparatus. 64. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of one or more receive bandwidths supported by the apparatus. 65. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a capability of the apparatus to switch from at least a first one or more BWPs to at least a second one or more BWPs. 66. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a latency associated with switching from each combination of the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 67. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a maximum latency associated with switching from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 68. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the configuration is received via a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message. 69. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers at least one of an addition of one or more BWPs to the set of BWPs, a release of one or more BWPs from the set of BWPs, or a reconfiguration of one or more BWPs in the set of BWPs. 70. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises at least one of a default downlink BWP or a default uplink BWP. 71. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by retuning and performing a random access procedure on the default uplink BWP. 72. The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the random access procedure is performed on the default uplink BWP if a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources. 73. The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the random access procedure is a contention-based random access procedure or a contention-free access procedure. 74. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by performing a random access procedure on an initial active uplink BWP indicated in system information if the default uplink BWP is not configured and a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources. 75. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by:
determining that a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources; after the determination, switching from the current active uplink BWP that does not have random access resources to another uplink BWP that does have random access resources; and performing a random access procedure on the other uplink BWP. 76. The apparatus of claim 75, wherein:
the other uplink BWP is one of a plurality of uplink BWPs configured with random access resources; and the other uplink BWP is not the default uplink BWP. 77. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by monitoring for system information and random access response on the default downlink BWP. 78. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises:
a set of BWPs for frequency division duplex (FDD) operation; a set of BWPs for time division duplex (TDD) operation; a set of downlink BWPs for supplemental downlink (SDL) operation; or a set of uplink BWPs for supplemental uplink (SUL) operation. 79. The apparatus of claim 78, wherein:
the set of BWPs for FDD operation comprises a default uplink BWP and default downlink BWP for FDD operation; the set of BWPs for TDD operation comprises a default BWP for downlink and uplink; the set of downlink BWPs for SDL operation comprises a default downlink BWP for SDL operation; and the set of uplink BWPs for SUL operation comprises a default uplink BWP for SUL operation. 80. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers a release of a first active BWP used by the apparatus for communications. 81. The apparatus of claim 80, wherein:
the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by switching to a default BWP for the communications in response to the release; and the default BWP comprises a default downlink BWP, a default uplink BWP or a default BWP pair for uplink and downlink. 82. The apparatus of claim 80, wherein:
the RRC reconfiguration message comprises an indication of a second active BWP for the apparatus to use for communication; and the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by switching from the first active BWP to the second active BWP for the communications in response to the release. 83. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message refrains from releasing an active BWP used by the apparatus for communication. 84. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by communicating on a first active BWP in a first cell; detecting at least one of a radio link failure in the first cell, a handover from the first cell or a change in the first cell; and triggering a release of the first active BWP in response to the detection. 85. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the transmitter is further configured to transmit a random access preamble to another BS on an uplink BWP for the other BS; and the at least one processor is configured to monitor for a random access response from the other BS on a downlink BWP for the other BS. 86. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein:
the receiver is further configured to receive a handover command; and an indication of the uplink BWP and downlink BWP for the other BS is provided in the handover command. 87. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to monitor for at least one of a paging message or system information in an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 88. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the receiver is configured to receive a trigger to switch from an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs to a default downlink BWP of the set of BWPs to monitor for at least one of a paging message or system information; and the at least one processor is further configured to:
switch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP in response to the trigger; and
monitoring for at least one of the paging message or the system information on the default downlink BWP. 89. The apparatus of aim 88, wherein the trigger is received via downlink control information (DCI). 90. The apparatus of claim 88, where the default downlink BWP is a fallback downlink BWP or an initial downlink BWP. 91. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive, from a user equipment (UE), information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE; at least one processor configured to determine, based on the indication, a configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication; a transmitter configured to transmit the configuration to the UE; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. 92. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the information further comprises an indication of a carrier aggregation (CA) capability of the UE. 93. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein:
the transmitter is further configured to transmit a request for one or more capabilities of the UE; and the receiver receives the information in response to the request. 94. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein:
the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one or more component carriers; or the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one of more carrier aggregation (CA) configurations. 95. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises a maximum receive bandwidth of the UE. 96. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of one or more receive bandwidths supported by the UE. 97. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a capability of the UE to switch from at least a first one or more BWPs to at least a second one or more BWPs. 98. The apparatus of claim 97, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a latency associated with switching from each combination of the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 99. The apparatus of claim 97, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a maximum latency associated with switching from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 100. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the configuration is sent via a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message. 101. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers at least one of an addition of one or more BWPs to the set of BWPs, a release of one or more BWPs from the set of BWPs, or a reconfiguration of one or more BWPs in the set of BWPs. 102. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises at least me of a default downlink BWP or a default uplink BWP. 103. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises:
a set of BWPs for frequency division duplex (FDD) operation; a set of BWPs for time division duplex (TDD) operation; a set of downlink BWPs for supplemental downlink (SDL) operation; or a set of uplink BWPs for supplemental uplink (SUL) operation. 104. The apparatus of claim 103, wherein:
the set of BWPs for FDD operation comprises a default uplink BWP and default downlink BWP for FDD operation; the set of BWPs for TDD operation comprises a default BWP for downlink and uplink; the set of downlink BWPs for SDL operation comprises a default downlink BWP for SDL operation; and the set of uplink BWPs for SUL operation comprises a default uplink BWP SUL operation. 105. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers a release of a first active BWP used by the UE for communications. 106. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message comprises an indication of a second active BWP for the UE to use for communication. 107. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message refrains from releasing an active BWP used by the UE for communication. 108. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein:
the receiver is further configured to receive a random access preamble from a UE on an uplink BWP for the apparatus; and the transmitter is further configured to transmit a random access response to the UE on a downlink BWP for the apparatus. 109. The apparatus of claim 108, wherein:
the transmitter is further configured to transmit an indication of the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP to the UE via a handover command. 110. The apparatus of claim 109, wherein:
the uplink BWP is a default uplink BWP of the apparatus; and the apparatus is a target cell. 111. The apparatus of claim 109, wherein:
the uplink BWP is an initial active uplink BWP of the apparatus; and the apparatus is a target cell. 112. The apparatus of claim 111, wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit an indication to find the initial active uplink BWP to the UE via a handover command. 113. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit at least one of a paging message or system information to the UE on an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 114. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein:
the at least one processor is further configured to:
trigger the UE to switch from monitoring from a first active downlink BWP to a second downlink BWP for at least one of a paging message or system information; and
configure a retuning time for the switch from the first active downlink BWP to the second downlink BWP; and
the transmitter is further configured to refrain from sending at least one of a paging message or system information during the retuning time. 115. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the transmitter is further configured, to transmit at least one of a paging message or system information to the UE on a default downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 116. The apparatus of claim 115, wherein the default downlink BWP is a fallback downlink BWP or an initial downlink BWP. 117. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for sending information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the apparatus to a base station (BS); means for receiving, in response to the indication, a configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication; and means for performing communications on at least one of the set of BWPs. 118. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for receiving, from a user equipment (UE), information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE; means for determining, based on the indication, a configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication; and means for sending the configuration to the UE. 119. A computer-readable medium having computer executable code stored thereon for wireless communication by an apparatus, the computer executable code comprising:
code for sending information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the apparatus to a base station (BS); code for receiving, in response to the indication, a configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication; and code for performing communications on at least one of the set of BWPs. 120. A computer-readable medium having computer executable code stored thereon for wireless communication by an apparatus, the computer executable code comprising:
code for receiving, from a user equipment (UE), information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE; code for determining, based on the indication, a configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication; and code for sending the configuration to the UE. | Techniques and apparatus for a control plane design for bandwidth part (BWP) in new radio (NR) are provided. One technique includes sending information with an indication of a BWP capability of a user equipment (UE) to a base station (BS). A configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication is received in response to the indication. Communications are performed on at least one of the set of BWPs. Another technique includes receiving information having an indication of a BWP capability of the UE. A configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication is determined. The configuration is sent to the UE.1. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
sending information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE to a base station (BS); receiving, in response to the indication, a configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication; and performing communications on at least one of the set of BWPs. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information further comprises an indication of a carrier aggregation (CA) capability of the UE. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving from the BS a request for one or more capabilities of the UE, wherein the information is sent in response to the request. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one or more component carriers; or the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one of more carrier aggregation (CA) configurations. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises a maximum receive bandwidth of the UE. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of one or more receive bandwidths supported by the UE. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a capability of the UE to switch from at least a first one or more BWPs to at least a second one or more BWPs. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a latency associated with switching from each combination of the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a maximum latency associated with switching from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration is received via a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers at least one of an addition of one or more BWPs to the set of BWPs, a release of one or more BWPs from the set of BWPs, or a reconfiguration of one or more BWPs in the set of BWPs. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises at least one of a default downlink BWP or a default uplink BWP. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the communications comprises retuning and performing a random access procedure on the default uplink BWP. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the random access procedure is performed on the default uplink BWP if a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the random access procedure is a contention-based random access procedure or a contention-free access procedure. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the communications comprises performing a random access procedure on an initial active uplink BWP indicated in system information if the default uplink BWP is not configured and a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the communications comprises:
determining that a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources; after the determination, switching from the current active uplink BWP that does not have random access resources to another uplink BWP that does have random access resources; and performing a random access procedure on the other uplink BWP. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the other uplink BWP is one of a plurality of uplink BWPs configured with random access resources; and the other uplink BWP is not the default uplink BWP. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein performing the communications comprises monitoring for system information and random access response on the default downlink BWP. 20. The method of claim 10, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises:
a set of BWPs for frequency division duplex (FDD) operation; a set of BWPs for time division duplex (TDD) operation; a set of downlink BWPs for supplemental downlink (SDL) operation; or a set of uplink BWPs for supplemental uplink (SUL) operation. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the set of BWPs for FDD operation comprises a default uplink BWP and default downlink BWP for FDD operation; the set of BWPs for TDD operation comprises a default BWP for downlink and uplink; the set of downlink BWPs for SDL operation comprises a default downlink BWP for SDL operation; and the set of uplink BWPs for SUL operation comprises a default uplink BWP for SUL operation. 22. The method of claim 10, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers a release of a first active BWP used by the UE for communications. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein:
performing the communications comprises switching to a default BWP for the communications in response to the release; and the default BWP comprises a default downlink BWP, a default uplink BWP or a default BWP pair for uplink and downlink. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein:
the RRC reconfiguration message comprises an indication of a second active BWP for the UE to use for communication; and performing the communications comprises switching from the first active BWP to the second active BWP for the communications in response to the release. 25. The method of claim 10, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message refrains from releasing an active BWP used by the UE for communication. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein:
performing the communications comprises communicating on a first active BWP in a first cell; detecting at least one of a radio link failure in the first cell, a handover from the first cell or a change in the first cell; and triggering a release of the first active BWP in response to the detection. 27. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending a random access preamble to another BS on an uplink BWP for the other BS; and monitoring for a random access response from BS on a downlink BWP for the other BS. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising receiving a handover command, wherein an indication of the uplink BWP and downlink BWP for the other BS is provided in the handover command. 29. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring for at least one of a paging message or system information in an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 30. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a trigger to switch from an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs to a default downlink BWP of the set of BWPs to monitor for at least one of a paging message or system information; switching from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP in response to the trigger; and monitoring for at least one of the paging message or the system information on the default downlink BWP. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the trigger is received via downlink control information (DCI). 32. The method of claim 30, where the default downlink BWP is a fallback downlink BWP or an initial downlink BWP. 33. A method for wireless communications by a base station (BS), comprising:
receiving, from a user equipment (UE), information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE; determining, based on the indication, a configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication; and sending the configuration to the UE. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the information further comprises an indication of a carrier aggregation (CA) capability of the UE. 35. The method of claim 33, further comprising sending a request for one or more capabilities of the UE, wherein the information is received in response to the request. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein:
the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one or more component carriers; or the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one of more carrier aggregation (CA) configurations. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises a maximum receive bandwidth of the UE. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of one or more receive bandwidths supported by the UE. 39. The method of claim 36, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a capability of the UE to switch from at least a first one or more BWPs to at least a second one or more BWPs. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a latency associated with switching from each combination of the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 41. The method of claim 39, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a maximum latency associated with switching from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 42. The method of claim 33, wherein the configuration is sent via a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers at least one of an addition of one or more BWPs to the set of BWPs, a release of one or more BWPs from the set of BWPs, or a reconfiguration of one or more BWPs in the set of BWPs. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises at least one of a default downlink BWP or a default uplink BWP. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises:
a set of BWPs for frequency division duplex (FDD) operation; a set of BWPs for time division duplex (TDD) operation; a set of downlink BWPs for supplemental downlink (SDL) operation; or a set of uplink BWPs for supplemental uplink (SUL) operation. 46. The method of claim 45, wherein:
the set of BWPs for FDD operation comprises a default uplink BWP and default downlink BWP for FDD operation; the set of BWPs for TDD operation comprises a default BWP for downlink and uplink; the set of downlink BWPs for SDL operation comprises a default downlink BWP for SDL operation; and the set of uplink BWPs for SUL operation comprises a default uplink BWP for SUL operation. 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers a release of a first active BWP used by the UE for communications. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message comprises an indication of a second active BWP for the UE to use for communication. 49. The method of claim 42, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message refrains from releasing an active BWP used by the UE for communication. 50. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
receiving a random access preamble from a UE on an uplink BWP for the BS; and sending a random access response to the UE on a downlink BWP for the BS. 51. The method of claim 50, further comprising sending an indication of the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP to the UE via a handover command. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein:
the uplink BWP is a default uplink BWP of the BS; and the BS is a target cell. 53. The method of claim 51, wherein:
the uplink BWP is an initial active uplink BWP of the BS; and the BS is a target cell. 54. The method of claim 53, further comprising sending an indication to find the initial active uplink BWP to the UE via a handover command. 55. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
sending at least one of a paging message or system information to the UE on an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 56. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
triggering the UE to switch from monitoring from a first active downlink BWP to a second downlink BWP for at least one of a paging message or system information; configuring a retuning time for the switch from the first active downlink BWP to the second downlink BWP; and refraining from sending at least one of a paging message or system information during the retuning time. 57. The method of claim 33, further comprising sending at least one of a paging message or system information to the UE on a default downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the default downlink BWP is a fallback downlink BWP or an initial downlink BWP. 59. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the apparatus to a base station (BS); a receiver configured to receive, in response to the indication, a configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication; at least one processor configured to perform communications on at least one of the set of BWPs; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. 60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the information further comprises an indication of a carrier aggregation (CA) capability of the apparatus. 61. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the receiver is further configured to receive from the BS a request for one or more capabilities of the apparatus; and the transmitter transmits the information in response to the request. 62. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one or more component carriers; or the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one of more carrier aggregation (CA) configurations. 63. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises a maximum receive bandwidth of the apparatus. 64. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of one or more receive bandwidths supported by the apparatus. 65. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a capability of the apparatus to switch from at least a first one or more BWPs to at least a second one or more BWPs. 66. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a latency associated with switching from each combination of the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 67. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a maximum latency associated with switching from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 68. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the configuration is received via a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message. 69. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers at least one of an addition of one or more BWPs to the set of BWPs, a release of one or more BWPs from the set of BWPs, or a reconfiguration of one or more BWPs in the set of BWPs. 70. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises at least one of a default downlink BWP or a default uplink BWP. 71. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by retuning and performing a random access procedure on the default uplink BWP. 72. The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the random access procedure is performed on the default uplink BWP if a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources. 73. The apparatus of claim 71, wherein the random access procedure is a contention-based random access procedure or a contention-free access procedure. 74. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by performing a random access procedure on an initial active uplink BWP indicated in system information if the default uplink BWP is not configured and a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources. 75. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by:
determining that a current active uplink BWP does not have random access resources; after the determination, switching from the current active uplink BWP that does not have random access resources to another uplink BWP that does have random access resources; and performing a random access procedure on the other uplink BWP. 76. The apparatus of claim 75, wherein:
the other uplink BWP is one of a plurality of uplink BWPs configured with random access resources; and the other uplink BWP is not the default uplink BWP. 77. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by monitoring for system information and random access response on the default downlink BWP. 78. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises:
a set of BWPs for frequency division duplex (FDD) operation; a set of BWPs for time division duplex (TDD) operation; a set of downlink BWPs for supplemental downlink (SDL) operation; or a set of uplink BWPs for supplemental uplink (SUL) operation. 79. The apparatus of claim 78, wherein:
the set of BWPs for FDD operation comprises a default uplink BWP and default downlink BWP for FDD operation; the set of BWPs for TDD operation comprises a default BWP for downlink and uplink; the set of downlink BWPs for SDL operation comprises a default downlink BWP for SDL operation; and the set of uplink BWPs for SUL operation comprises a default uplink BWP for SUL operation. 80. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers a release of a first active BWP used by the apparatus for communications. 81. The apparatus of claim 80, wherein:
the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by switching to a default BWP for the communications in response to the release; and the default BWP comprises a default downlink BWP, a default uplink BWP or a default BWP pair for uplink and downlink. 82. The apparatus of claim 80, wherein:
the RRC reconfiguration message comprises an indication of a second active BWP for the apparatus to use for communication; and the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by switching from the first active BWP to the second active BWP for the communications in response to the release. 83. The apparatus of claim 68, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message refrains from releasing an active BWP used by the apparatus for communication. 84. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the at least one processor is configured to perform the communications by communicating on a first active BWP in a first cell; detecting at least one of a radio link failure in the first cell, a handover from the first cell or a change in the first cell; and triggering a release of the first active BWP in response to the detection. 85. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the transmitter is further configured to transmit a random access preamble to another BS on an uplink BWP for the other BS; and the at least one processor is configured to monitor for a random access response from the other BS on a downlink BWP for the other BS. 86. The apparatus of claim 85, wherein:
the receiver is further configured to receive a handover command; and an indication of the uplink BWP and downlink BWP for the other BS is provided in the handover command. 87. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to monitor for at least one of a paging message or system information in an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 88. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:
the receiver is configured to receive a trigger to switch from an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs to a default downlink BWP of the set of BWPs to monitor for at least one of a paging message or system information; and the at least one processor is further configured to:
switch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP in response to the trigger; and
monitoring for at least one of the paging message or the system information on the default downlink BWP. 89. The apparatus of aim 88, wherein the trigger is received via downlink control information (DCI). 90. The apparatus of claim 88, where the default downlink BWP is a fallback downlink BWP or an initial downlink BWP. 91. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive, from a user equipment (UE), information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE; at least one processor configured to determine, based on the indication, a configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication; a transmitter configured to transmit the configuration to the UE; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. 92. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the information further comprises an indication of a carrier aggregation (CA) capability of the UE. 93. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein:
the transmitter is further configured to transmit a request for one or more capabilities of the UE; and the receiver receives the information in response to the request. 94. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein:
the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one or more component carriers; or the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a BWP capability for each of one of more carrier aggregation (CA) configurations. 95. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises a maximum receive bandwidth of the UE. 96. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of one or more receive bandwidths supported by the UE. 97. The apparatus of claim 94, wherein the indication of the BWP capability comprises an indication of a capability of the UE to switch from at least a first one or more BWPs to at least a second one or more BWPs. 98. The apparatus of claim 97, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a latency associated with switching from each combination of the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 99. The apparatus of claim 97, wherein the indication of the capability of the UE to switch from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs comprises a maximum latency associated with switching from the first one or more BWPs to the second one or more BWPs. 100. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the configuration is sent via a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message. 101. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers at least one of an addition of one or more BWPs to the set of BWPs, a release of one or more BWPs from the set of BWPs, or a reconfiguration of one or more BWPs in the set of BWPs. 102. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises at least me of a default downlink BWP or a default uplink BWP. 103. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the set of BWPs in the configuration comprises:
a set of BWPs for frequency division duplex (FDD) operation; a set of BWPs for time division duplex (TDD) operation; a set of downlink BWPs for supplemental downlink (SDL) operation; or a set of uplink BWPs for supplemental uplink (SUL) operation. 104. The apparatus of claim 103, wherein:
the set of BWPs for FDD operation comprises a default uplink BWP and default downlink BWP for FDD operation; the set of BWPs for TDD operation comprises a default BWP for downlink and uplink; the set of downlink BWPs for SDL operation comprises a default downlink BWP for SDL operation; and the set of uplink BWPs for SUL operation comprises a default uplink BWP SUL operation. 105. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message triggers a release of a first active BWP used by the UE for communications. 106. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message comprises an indication of a second active BWP for the UE to use for communication. 107. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message refrains from releasing an active BWP used by the UE for communication. 108. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein:
the receiver is further configured to receive a random access preamble from a UE on an uplink BWP for the apparatus; and the transmitter is further configured to transmit a random access response to the UE on a downlink BWP for the apparatus. 109. The apparatus of claim 108, wherein:
the transmitter is further configured to transmit an indication of the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP to the UE via a handover command. 110. The apparatus of claim 109, wherein:
the uplink BWP is a default uplink BWP of the apparatus; and the apparatus is a target cell. 111. The apparatus of claim 109, wherein:
the uplink BWP is an initial active uplink BWP of the apparatus; and the apparatus is a target cell. 112. The apparatus of claim 111, wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit an indication to find the initial active uplink BWP to the UE via a handover command. 113. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit at least one of a paging message or system information to the UE on an active downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 114. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein:
the at least one processor is further configured to:
trigger the UE to switch from monitoring from a first active downlink BWP to a second downlink BWP for at least one of a paging message or system information; and
configure a retuning time for the switch from the first active downlink BWP to the second downlink BWP; and
the transmitter is further configured to refrain from sending at least one of a paging message or system information during the retuning time. 115. The apparatus of claim 91, wherein the transmitter is further configured, to transmit at least one of a paging message or system information to the UE on a default downlink BWP of the set of BWPs. 116. The apparatus of claim 115, wherein the default downlink BWP is a fallback downlink BWP or an initial downlink BWP. 117. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for sending information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the apparatus to a base station (BS); means for receiving, in response to the indication, a configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication; and means for performing communications on at least one of the set of BWPs. 118. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for receiving, from a user equipment (UE), information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE; means for determining, based on the indication, a configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication; and means for sending the configuration to the UE. 119. A computer-readable medium having computer executable code stored thereon for wireless communication by an apparatus, the computer executable code comprising:
code for sending information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the apparatus to a base station (BS); code for receiving, in response to the indication, a configuration from the BS indicating a set of BWPs available to use for communication; and code for performing communications on at least one of the set of BWPs. 120. A computer-readable medium having computer executable code stored thereon for wireless communication by an apparatus, the computer executable code comprising:
code for receiving, from a user equipment (UE), information comprising an indication of a bandwidth part (BWP) capability of the UE; code for determining, based on the indication, a configuration indicating a set of BWPs available for the UE to use for communication; and code for sending the configuration to the UE. | 2,600 |
349,354 | 350,228 | 16,758,034 | 2,643 | Provided is an information processing apparatus that has an utterance function or controls the utterance function. The information processing apparatus includes: a sending unit that sends interactive information regarding a voice agent; a receiving unit that receives interactive information regarding another voice agent; and a control unit that controls an utterance timing of the voice agent on the basis of the interactive information regarding another voice agent received by the receiving unit. The control unit causes utterance by the voice agent to stand by on the basis of the interactive information received from another voice agent. Moreover, the control unit causes the interactive information to be continuously sent during the utterance by the voice agent and during interaction between the voice agent and a user. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a sending unit that sends interactive information regarding a voice agent; a receiving unit that receives interactive information regarding another voice agent; and a control unit that controls an utterance timing of the voice agent on a basis of the interactive information regarding the another voice agent received by the receiving unit. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit further controls to receive the interactive information regarding the another voice agent before the voice agent starts utterance. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit causes utterance by the voice agent to stand by on a basis of the interactive information received from the another voice agent. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit further controls sending the interactive information from the sending unit. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit causes the interactive information to be continuously sent during utterance by the voice agent and during interaction between the voice agent and a user. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit decides whether interaction between the voice agent and a user has ended, and causes the interactive information to be continuously sent when the control unit decides that the interaction has not ended. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the control unit decides whether the interaction between the voice agent and the user has ended each time utterance of the voice agent ends. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
sending of the interactive information is performed in parallel with receiving the interactive information regarding the another voice agent. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
sending of the interactive information is performed in parallel with utterance of the voice agent. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit controls the utterance timing of the voice agent in response to that a user has inputted a predetermined word into the voice agent. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the control unit causes utterance of the voice agent to start when the user has inputted the predetermined word into the voice agent, regardless of whether or not the interactive information has been received from the another voice agent. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit causes utterance of the voice agent to be suspended to stand by in response to that the interactive information has been received from the another voice agent. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit randomly sets a standby time until the voice agent starts or resumes utterance. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit causes utterance by the voice agent to stand by until the interactive information is no longer received from the another voice agent. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit further controls a position at which suspended utterance of the voice agent is resumed. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the interactive information includes at least one of information regarding utterance of the voice agent or information regarding interaction between the voice agent and a user. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the interactive information includes at least one of utterance waiting information, cumulative interaction time information, or agent detailed information regarding the voice agent itself. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the interactive information is sent and received with any one of a network, a voice signal superimposed on synthesized voice of the voice agent, or an optical signal as a medium. 19. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
the voice agent. 20. An information processing method comprising:
a receiving step of receiving interactive information regarding another voice agent; a determination step of determining an utterance timing of a voice agent on a basis of the interactive information received from the another voice agent; and a sending step of sending the interactive information while the voice agent is uttering or interacting with a user. | Provided is an information processing apparatus that has an utterance function or controls the utterance function. The information processing apparatus includes: a sending unit that sends interactive information regarding a voice agent; a receiving unit that receives interactive information regarding another voice agent; and a control unit that controls an utterance timing of the voice agent on the basis of the interactive information regarding another voice agent received by the receiving unit. The control unit causes utterance by the voice agent to stand by on the basis of the interactive information received from another voice agent. Moreover, the control unit causes the interactive information to be continuously sent during the utterance by the voice agent and during interaction between the voice agent and a user.1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a sending unit that sends interactive information regarding a voice agent; a receiving unit that receives interactive information regarding another voice agent; and a control unit that controls an utterance timing of the voice agent on a basis of the interactive information regarding the another voice agent received by the receiving unit. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit further controls to receive the interactive information regarding the another voice agent before the voice agent starts utterance. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit causes utterance by the voice agent to stand by on a basis of the interactive information received from the another voice agent. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit further controls sending the interactive information from the sending unit. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit causes the interactive information to be continuously sent during utterance by the voice agent and during interaction between the voice agent and a user. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit decides whether interaction between the voice agent and a user has ended, and causes the interactive information to be continuously sent when the control unit decides that the interaction has not ended. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the control unit decides whether the interaction between the voice agent and the user has ended each time utterance of the voice agent ends. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
sending of the interactive information is performed in parallel with receiving the interactive information regarding the another voice agent. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
sending of the interactive information is performed in parallel with utterance of the voice agent. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit controls the utterance timing of the voice agent in response to that a user has inputted a predetermined word into the voice agent. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the control unit causes utterance of the voice agent to start when the user has inputted the predetermined word into the voice agent, regardless of whether or not the interactive information has been received from the another voice agent. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit causes utterance of the voice agent to be suspended to stand by in response to that the interactive information has been received from the another voice agent. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit randomly sets a standby time until the voice agent starts or resumes utterance. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit causes utterance by the voice agent to stand by until the interactive information is no longer received from the another voice agent. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit further controls a position at which suspended utterance of the voice agent is resumed. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the interactive information includes at least one of information regarding utterance of the voice agent or information regarding interaction between the voice agent and a user. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the interactive information includes at least one of utterance waiting information, cumulative interaction time information, or agent detailed information regarding the voice agent itself. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the interactive information is sent and received with any one of a network, a voice signal superimposed on synthesized voice of the voice agent, or an optical signal as a medium. 19. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
the voice agent. 20. An information processing method comprising:
a receiving step of receiving interactive information regarding another voice agent; a determination step of determining an utterance timing of a voice agent on a basis of the interactive information received from the another voice agent; and a sending step of sending the interactive information while the voice agent is uttering or interacting with a user. | 2,600 |
349,355 | 350,229 | 16,758,010 | 2,643 | A nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to an aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition within a predetermined range, in which a metallographic structure of a thickness middle portion contains 2.0 vol % to 20.0 vol % of an austenite phase, an average grain size of prior austenite grains is 3.0 μm to 15.0 μm, an average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains is 1.0 to 2.4, a plate thickness is 4.5 mm to 30 mm, the chemical composition and the average grain size of the prior austenite grains are further limited depending on the plate thickness, a yield stress at room temperature is 460 MPa to 710 MPa, and a tensile strength at the room temperature is 560 MPa to 810 MPa. | 1. A nickel-containing steel for low temperature comprising, as a chemical composition, by mass %:
C: 0.030% to 0.070%; Si: 0.03% to 0.30%; Mn: 0.20% to 0.80%; Ni: 10.5% to 12.4%; Al: 0.010% to 0.060%; N: 0.0015% to 0.0060%; O: 0.0007% to 0.0030%; Cu: 0% to 0.50%; Cr: 0% to 0.50%; Mo: 0% to 0.40%; Nb: 0% to 0.020%; V: 0% to 0.080%; Ti: 0% to 0.020%; B: 0% to 0.0020%; Ca: 0% to 0.0040%; REM: 0% to 0.0050%; P: 0.0080% or less; S: 0.0040% or less; and a remainder: Fe and impurities, wherein a metallographic structure of a thickness middle portion contains 2.0 vol % to 20.0 vol % of an austenite phase, an average grain size of prior austenite grains measured in a section of the thickness middle portion parallel to a rolling direction and a thickness direction is 3.0 μm to 15.0 μm, an average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 1.0 to 2.4, a plate thickness is 4.5 mm to 30 mm, when the plate thickness is more than 20 mm, the nickel-containing steel contains Ni: 11.5% or more, when the plate thickness is 20 mm or less and the nickel-containing steel contains Ni: less than 11.5%, the nickel-containing steel contains C: 0.060% or less, Si: 0.19% or less, Mn: 0.30% to 0.50%, Al: 0.050% or less, N: 0.0050% or less, Cr: 0.35% or less, Nb: 0.015% or less, V: 0.060% or less, Ti: 0.015% or less, P: 0.0060% or less, and S: 0.0030% or less, and the average grain size of the prior austenite grains is 8.0 μm or less, a yield stress at room temperature is 460 MPa to 710 MPa, and a tensile strength at the room temperature is 560 MPa to 810 MPa. 2. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 1 comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
Ni: 11.5% or more, and
Mn: 0.50% or less. 3. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 1 comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
Ni: 11.5% or more,
wherein the average grain size of the prior austenite grains is 9.0 μm or less. 4. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 1,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. 5. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 1,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 5.0 μm. 6. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 2 comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
Ni: 11.5% or more,
wherein the average grain size of the prior austenite grains is 9.0 μm or less. 7. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 2,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. 8. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 3,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. 9. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 6,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. 10. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 2,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 5.0 μm. 11. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 3,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 5.0 μm. 12. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 6,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 5.0 μm. | A nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to an aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition within a predetermined range, in which a metallographic structure of a thickness middle portion contains 2.0 vol % to 20.0 vol % of an austenite phase, an average grain size of prior austenite grains is 3.0 μm to 15.0 μm, an average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains is 1.0 to 2.4, a plate thickness is 4.5 mm to 30 mm, the chemical composition and the average grain size of the prior austenite grains are further limited depending on the plate thickness, a yield stress at room temperature is 460 MPa to 710 MPa, and a tensile strength at the room temperature is 560 MPa to 810 MPa.1. A nickel-containing steel for low temperature comprising, as a chemical composition, by mass %:
C: 0.030% to 0.070%; Si: 0.03% to 0.30%; Mn: 0.20% to 0.80%; Ni: 10.5% to 12.4%; Al: 0.010% to 0.060%; N: 0.0015% to 0.0060%; O: 0.0007% to 0.0030%; Cu: 0% to 0.50%; Cr: 0% to 0.50%; Mo: 0% to 0.40%; Nb: 0% to 0.020%; V: 0% to 0.080%; Ti: 0% to 0.020%; B: 0% to 0.0020%; Ca: 0% to 0.0040%; REM: 0% to 0.0050%; P: 0.0080% or less; S: 0.0040% or less; and a remainder: Fe and impurities, wherein a metallographic structure of a thickness middle portion contains 2.0 vol % to 20.0 vol % of an austenite phase, an average grain size of prior austenite grains measured in a section of the thickness middle portion parallel to a rolling direction and a thickness direction is 3.0 μm to 15.0 μm, an average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 1.0 to 2.4, a plate thickness is 4.5 mm to 30 mm, when the plate thickness is more than 20 mm, the nickel-containing steel contains Ni: 11.5% or more, when the plate thickness is 20 mm or less and the nickel-containing steel contains Ni: less than 11.5%, the nickel-containing steel contains C: 0.060% or less, Si: 0.19% or less, Mn: 0.30% to 0.50%, Al: 0.050% or less, N: 0.0050% or less, Cr: 0.35% or less, Nb: 0.015% or less, V: 0.060% or less, Ti: 0.015% or less, P: 0.0060% or less, and S: 0.0030% or less, and the average grain size of the prior austenite grains is 8.0 μm or less, a yield stress at room temperature is 460 MPa to 710 MPa, and a tensile strength at the room temperature is 560 MPa to 810 MPa. 2. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 1 comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
Ni: 11.5% or more, and
Mn: 0.50% or less. 3. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 1 comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
Ni: 11.5% or more,
wherein the average grain size of the prior austenite grains is 9.0 μm or less. 4. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 1,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. 5. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 1,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 5.0 μm. 6. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 2 comprising, as the chemical composition, by mass %:
Ni: 11.5% or more,
wherein the average grain size of the prior austenite grains is 9.0 μm or less. 7. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 2,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. 8. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 3,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. 9. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 6,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 8.0 μm. 10. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 2,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 5.0 μm. 11. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 3,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 5.0 μm. 12. The nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to claim 6,
wherein an average effective grain size measured in the section of the thickness middle portion parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction is 2.0 μm to 5.0 μm. | 2,600 |
349,356 | 350,230 | 16,758,002 | 2,643 | A method for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy includes the following steps: provoking the stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters contained in a sample to be observed, and illuminating the sample with an excitation light beam having a wavelength suitable for inducing fluorescent emission from the activated emitters; and acquiring a sequence of fluorescence images by means of an imaging system comprising a matrix image sensor; measuring arrival delays of fluorescence photons relative to the pulses of the excitation light beam, with a spatial resolution allowing each photon to be associated with a set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. A device and computer program product for the implementation of such a method are also provided. | 1. A super-resolution fluorescence microscopy method comprising the following steps:
a) provoking a stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters contained in a sample (E) to be observed, and illuminating said sample with an excitation light beam (FL2) having a wavelength suitable for inducing a fluorescent emission (FLF) from the activated emitters; and b) acquiring a sequence of images (IM) of said fluorescent emission by means of an imaging system (SIM) comprising a matrix image sensor (CIM); wherein:
said excitation light beam is pulsed, the time interval between two successive pulses being greater than the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent emitters;
in that it also comprises a step of counting of photons of the fluorescent emission to determine arrival delays of said photons relative to the pulses (IL2) of said excitation light beam, said counting being performed with a spatial resolution allowing each photon to be associated with a set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor; and
in that the stochastic activation of the fluorescent emitters is performed in such a way that, during the time of acquisition of one said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter (EFI) is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to one said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said photon counting step comprises:
c) directing a portion of said fluorescent emission to a photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors (MDCP, said or each detector of the matrix (DCP) being associated with a set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor; and d) using the photon-counting detector or detectors to measure arrival delays (Δt1, Δt2) of fluorescence photons relative to the pulses of said excitation light beam. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, also comprising the following steps:
e) using the sequence of images acquired in the step b) to construct a super-resolution image by locating said individual fluorescent emitters; f) using the arrival delays of the fluorescence photons measured in step d) to calculate fluorescence lifetimes, and associate them with the individual fluorescent emitters located in the step e); the steps e) and f) being implemented by means of an electronic processor (PR). 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step e) comprises a location of said individual fluorescent emitters by estimating the centers of diffraction spots (TD) present in the images acquired in the step b). 5. The method as claimed in claim 3, also comprising a step g) of space-time correlation between the images acquired in the step b) and the arrival delays of the fluorescence photons measured in the step d) to associate said fluorescence lifetimes with said individual fluorescent emitters. 6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said matrix of photon-counting detectors comprises a plurality of said detectors (DCP) arranged according to a plurality of rows and of columns. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluorescent emitters contained in the sample are convertible and the step a) comprises the illumination of the sample by means of said excitation light beam (FL2) and a conversion light beam (FL1), the conversion light beam having a wavelength that is different from that of the excitation light beam and is chosen so as to activate said fluorescent emitters by provoking their conversion from a first state to a second state that is different from the first, the intensity of the conversion light beam being chosen such that, during the time of acquisition of one said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter (EFI) is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to one said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample:
has a sub-micrometric thickness, is deposited on a face (SS) of a dielectric support (SDT) that is transparent to the wavelength of the excitation light beam, has a surface opposite the support which is functionalized with molecules of a first type (BR1) and is placed in contact with a solution containing molecules of a second type (BR2) bonded to fluorescent emitters (EF) and susceptible to bonding transiently with the molecules of the first type by a reaction having a kinetic such that, on average, at most one molecule of the second type is bonded to a molecule of the first type in a region of the sample corresponding to one said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor; the step a) comprising the illumination of the sample by total internal reflection by means of said excitation light beam such that the fluorescent emission from the sole fluorescent emitters situated at a sub-micrometric distance from the face of the dielectric support is activated. 9. A super-resolution fluorescence microscopy device comprising:
a means for stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters contained in a sample (E) to be observed; a light source (SL2), called excitation light source, suitable for emitting a light beam, called excitation light beam (FL2), at a wavelength suitable for inducing a fluorescent emission from the activated fluorescent emitters; an optical system (MD1, L1, MD2, OBJ) configured to direct the excitation light beam toward the sample (E); an optical detection system (SIM, SCP) comprising a matrix image sensor (CIM) configured to acquire a sequence of fluorescence images (IM) of said sample; wherein: said excitation light source is a pulsed source, the time interval between two successive pulses of this source being greater than the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent emitters; and in that the optical detection system is also configured to perform a counting of photons of the fluorescent emission to determine arrival delays (Δt1, Δt2) of said photons relative to the pulses (IL2) of said second light beam, said counting being performed with a spatial resolution allowing each photon to be associated with a set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor. 10. The device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the optical detection system comprises:
an imaging system (SIM) configured to acquire said sequence of fluorescence images of said sample; a photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors (MDCP) arranged so as to receive a portion of a fluorescent emission from said sample, said or each detector (DCP) of the matrix being associated with said set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor; and an electronic circuit (CMR) associated with said photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors, configured to measure arrival delays of photons arriving on said or each said detector relative to the pulses of said excitation light beam. 11. The device as claimed in claim 10, also comprising an electronic processor (PR) configured to:
receive as input the sequence of fluorescence images acquired by said matrix image sensor and use it to construct a super-resolution image by locating, in the images of the sequence, individual fluorescent emitters; receive as input delay measurements obtained by said electronic circuit and use them to calculate fluorescence lifetimes; and associate said fluorescence lifetimes with the located individual fluorescent emitters. 12. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said electronic processor is configured to locate said individual fluorescent emitters by estimating the centers of diffraction spots (TD) present in the images acquired by said matrix image sensor. 13. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said electronic processor is configured to associate said fluorescence lifetimes with the located individual fluorescent emitters by performing a space-time correlation between the images acquired by said matrix image sensor and the delay measurements obtained by said electronic circuit. 14. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said photon-counting detector or detectors are individual photon avalanche diodes. 15. The device as claimed in claim 11, comprising one said matrix of photon-counting detectors. 16. The device as claimed in claim 15, wherein said matrix of photon-counting detectors is a matrix of non-contiguous individual photon avalanche diodes, the device also comprising a matrix of contiguous convergent microlenses (MML) comprising one said microlens arranged facing each individual photon avalanche diode of the matrix, each said microlens being optically conjugate with a set of pixels of said matrix image sensor. 17. The device as claimed in claim 11, comprising a plurality of said photon-counting detectors (DCP), the device also comprising a bundle of optical fibers (FF) arranged in such a way that a first end face of each optical fiber is optically conjugate with a set of pixels of said matrix image sensor, one said photon-counting detector being arranged facing a second end face of each said optical fiber. 18. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the means for stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters comprises a light source (SL1), called conversion light source, suitable for emitting, toward the sample, a light beam (FL1), called conversion light beam, having a wavelength different from that of the excitation light beam and chosen so as to activate said fluorescent emitters, which are of photoconvertible type, by provoking their conversion from a first state to a second state that is different from the first, the intensity of the conversion light beam being chosen such that, during the time of acquisition of one said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter (EFI) is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to one said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. 19. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the means for stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters comprises a dielectric support (SDT) that is transparent to the wavelength of the excitation light beam, on a face (SS) of which the sample can be deposited, and a fluid tank (CF) containing said support;
said optical system being configured to direct the excitation light beam through the support such that it undergoes a total internal reflection on said face. 20. A computer program product comprising computer-executable instructions for, when said program is run on a computer:
receiving as input a sequence of images (IM) of fluorescent emission from a sample (E) containing individual fluorescent emitters, acquired by means of an imaging system (SIM) comprising a matrix image sensor (CIM); receiving as input arrival delays (Δt1, Δt2) of photons of said fluorescent emission relative to pulses of a pulsed light beam, said photons being detected by a photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors (MDCP), said or each detector of the matrix (DCP) being associated with a set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor; using said sequence of images to construct a super-resolution image of the sample by locating said individual fluorescent emitters; and
using the arrival delays of the photons of said fluorescent emission to calculate fluorescence lifetimes and associate them with said individual fluorescent emitters. | A method for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy includes the following steps: provoking the stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters contained in a sample to be observed, and illuminating the sample with an excitation light beam having a wavelength suitable for inducing fluorescent emission from the activated emitters; and acquiring a sequence of fluorescence images by means of an imaging system comprising a matrix image sensor; measuring arrival delays of fluorescence photons relative to the pulses of the excitation light beam, with a spatial resolution allowing each photon to be associated with a set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. A device and computer program product for the implementation of such a method are also provided.1. A super-resolution fluorescence microscopy method comprising the following steps:
a) provoking a stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters contained in a sample (E) to be observed, and illuminating said sample with an excitation light beam (FL2) having a wavelength suitable for inducing a fluorescent emission (FLF) from the activated emitters; and b) acquiring a sequence of images (IM) of said fluorescent emission by means of an imaging system (SIM) comprising a matrix image sensor (CIM); wherein:
said excitation light beam is pulsed, the time interval between two successive pulses being greater than the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent emitters;
in that it also comprises a step of counting of photons of the fluorescent emission to determine arrival delays of said photons relative to the pulses (IL2) of said excitation light beam, said counting being performed with a spatial resolution allowing each photon to be associated with a set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor; and
in that the stochastic activation of the fluorescent emitters is performed in such a way that, during the time of acquisition of one said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter (EFI) is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to one said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said photon counting step comprises:
c) directing a portion of said fluorescent emission to a photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors (MDCP, said or each detector of the matrix (DCP) being associated with a set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor; and d) using the photon-counting detector or detectors to measure arrival delays (Δt1, Δt2) of fluorescence photons relative to the pulses of said excitation light beam. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, also comprising the following steps:
e) using the sequence of images acquired in the step b) to construct a super-resolution image by locating said individual fluorescent emitters; f) using the arrival delays of the fluorescence photons measured in step d) to calculate fluorescence lifetimes, and associate them with the individual fluorescent emitters located in the step e); the steps e) and f) being implemented by means of an electronic processor (PR). 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step e) comprises a location of said individual fluorescent emitters by estimating the centers of diffraction spots (TD) present in the images acquired in the step b). 5. The method as claimed in claim 3, also comprising a step g) of space-time correlation between the images acquired in the step b) and the arrival delays of the fluorescence photons measured in the step d) to associate said fluorescence lifetimes with said individual fluorescent emitters. 6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said matrix of photon-counting detectors comprises a plurality of said detectors (DCP) arranged according to a plurality of rows and of columns. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluorescent emitters contained in the sample are convertible and the step a) comprises the illumination of the sample by means of said excitation light beam (FL2) and a conversion light beam (FL1), the conversion light beam having a wavelength that is different from that of the excitation light beam and is chosen so as to activate said fluorescent emitters by provoking their conversion from a first state to a second state that is different from the first, the intensity of the conversion light beam being chosen such that, during the time of acquisition of one said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter (EFI) is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to one said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample:
has a sub-micrometric thickness, is deposited on a face (SS) of a dielectric support (SDT) that is transparent to the wavelength of the excitation light beam, has a surface opposite the support which is functionalized with molecules of a first type (BR1) and is placed in contact with a solution containing molecules of a second type (BR2) bonded to fluorescent emitters (EF) and susceptible to bonding transiently with the molecules of the first type by a reaction having a kinetic such that, on average, at most one molecule of the second type is bonded to a molecule of the first type in a region of the sample corresponding to one said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor; the step a) comprising the illumination of the sample by total internal reflection by means of said excitation light beam such that the fluorescent emission from the sole fluorescent emitters situated at a sub-micrometric distance from the face of the dielectric support is activated. 9. A super-resolution fluorescence microscopy device comprising:
a means for stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters contained in a sample (E) to be observed; a light source (SL2), called excitation light source, suitable for emitting a light beam, called excitation light beam (FL2), at a wavelength suitable for inducing a fluorescent emission from the activated fluorescent emitters; an optical system (MD1, L1, MD2, OBJ) configured to direct the excitation light beam toward the sample (E); an optical detection system (SIM, SCP) comprising a matrix image sensor (CIM) configured to acquire a sequence of fluorescence images (IM) of said sample; wherein: said excitation light source is a pulsed source, the time interval between two successive pulses of this source being greater than the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent emitters; and in that the optical detection system is also configured to perform a counting of photons of the fluorescent emission to determine arrival delays (Δt1, Δt2) of said photons relative to the pulses (IL2) of said second light beam, said counting being performed with a spatial resolution allowing each photon to be associated with a set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor. 10. The device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the optical detection system comprises:
an imaging system (SIM) configured to acquire said sequence of fluorescence images of said sample; a photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors (MDCP) arranged so as to receive a portion of a fluorescent emission from said sample, said or each detector (DCP) of the matrix being associated with said set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor; and an electronic circuit (CMR) associated with said photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors, configured to measure arrival delays of photons arriving on said or each said detector relative to the pulses of said excitation light beam. 11. The device as claimed in claim 10, also comprising an electronic processor (PR) configured to:
receive as input the sequence of fluorescence images acquired by said matrix image sensor and use it to construct a super-resolution image by locating, in the images of the sequence, individual fluorescent emitters; receive as input delay measurements obtained by said electronic circuit and use them to calculate fluorescence lifetimes; and associate said fluorescence lifetimes with the located individual fluorescent emitters. 12. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said electronic processor is configured to locate said individual fluorescent emitters by estimating the centers of diffraction spots (TD) present in the images acquired by said matrix image sensor. 13. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said electronic processor is configured to associate said fluorescence lifetimes with the located individual fluorescent emitters by performing a space-time correlation between the images acquired by said matrix image sensor and the delay measurements obtained by said electronic circuit. 14. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein said photon-counting detector or detectors are individual photon avalanche diodes. 15. The device as claimed in claim 11, comprising one said matrix of photon-counting detectors. 16. The device as claimed in claim 15, wherein said matrix of photon-counting detectors is a matrix of non-contiguous individual photon avalanche diodes, the device also comprising a matrix of contiguous convergent microlenses (MML) comprising one said microlens arranged facing each individual photon avalanche diode of the matrix, each said microlens being optically conjugate with a set of pixels of said matrix image sensor. 17. The device as claimed in claim 11, comprising a plurality of said photon-counting detectors (DCP), the device also comprising a bundle of optical fibers (FF) arranged in such a way that a first end face of each optical fiber is optically conjugate with a set of pixels of said matrix image sensor, one said photon-counting detector being arranged facing a second end face of each said optical fiber. 18. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the means for stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters comprises a light source (SL1), called conversion light source, suitable for emitting, toward the sample, a light beam (FL1), called conversion light beam, having a wavelength different from that of the excitation light beam and chosen so as to activate said fluorescent emitters, which are of photoconvertible type, by provoking their conversion from a first state to a second state that is different from the first, the intensity of the conversion light beam being chosen such that, during the time of acquisition of one said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter (EFI) is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to one said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. 19. The device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the means for stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters comprises a dielectric support (SDT) that is transparent to the wavelength of the excitation light beam, on a face (SS) of which the sample can be deposited, and a fluid tank (CF) containing said support;
said optical system being configured to direct the excitation light beam through the support such that it undergoes a total internal reflection on said face. 20. A computer program product comprising computer-executable instructions for, when said program is run on a computer:
receiving as input a sequence of images (IM) of fluorescent emission from a sample (E) containing individual fluorescent emitters, acquired by means of an imaging system (SIM) comprising a matrix image sensor (CIM); receiving as input arrival delays (Δt1, Δt2) of photons of said fluorescent emission relative to pulses of a pulsed light beam, said photons being detected by a photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors (MDCP), said or each detector of the matrix (DCP) being associated with a set of pixels (EPX) of said matrix image sensor; using said sequence of images to construct a super-resolution image of the sample by locating said individual fluorescent emitters; and
using the arrival delays of the photons of said fluorescent emission to calculate fluorescence lifetimes and associate them with said individual fluorescent emitters. | 2,600 |
349,357 | 350,231 | 16,853,764 | 2,812 | A method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure includes forming a first oxide layer on a wafer; forming a silicon nitride layer on the first oxide layer; forming a plurality of trenches; filling an oxide material in the trenches to form a plurality of shallow trench isolation regions; removing the silicon nitride layer without removing the first oxide layer; using a photomask to apply a photoresist for covering a first part of the first oxide layer on a first area and exposing a second part of the first oxide layer on a second area; and removing the second part of the first oxide layer while remaining the first part of the first oxide layer. | 1. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
forming a first oxide layer on a wafer; forming a silicon nitride layer on the first oxide layer; forming a plurality of trenches; filling an oxide material in the trenches to form a plurality of shallow trench isolation regions; performing a polishing process to planarize a surface of the silicon nitride layer; removing the silicon nitride layer without removing the first oxide layer; using a photomask to apply a photoresist for covering a first part of the first oxide layer on a first area and exposing a second part of the first oxide layer on a second area; and removing the second part of the first oxide layer while remaining the first part of the first oxide layer. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
removing the photoresist; performing a first oxidation process to form a second oxide layer on the second area and increase a thickness of the first part of the first oxide layer; implanting ions to form a plurality of well regions; removing the second oxide layer; and performing a second oxidation process to form a third oxide layer on the second area and increase the thickness of the first part of the first oxide layer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first oxide layer is a pad oxide layer, the second oxide layer is a sacrificial oxide layer, and the third oxide layer is a gate oxide layer of an input/output device. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the thickness of the first part of the first oxide layer is larger than a thickness of the third oxide layer after performing the second oxidation process. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the first oxidation process and the second oxidation process comprises one of a physical vapor deposition process, a chemical vapor deposition process, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process and a thermal oxidation process. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first area is corresponding to a memory device, and the second area is corresponding to an input/output device. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polishing process comprises a chemical-mechanical polishing process. 8. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
forming a first oxide layer on a wafer; forming a silicon nitride layer on the first oxide layer; forming a plurality of trenches; filling an oxide material in the trenches to form a plurality of shallow trench isolation regions; performing a polishing process to planarize a surface of the silicon nitride layer; removing the silicon nitride layer and the first oxide layer; forming a second oxide layer; implanting ions to form a plurality of well regions; using a first photomask to apply a first photoresist for covering a first part of the second oxide layer on a first area and exposing a second part of the second oxide layer on a second area; and removing the second part of the second oxide layer while remaining the first part of the second oxide layer. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising performing a thinning process to reduce a thickness of the second oxide layer. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
removing the first photoresist; and performing an oxidation process to form a third oxide layer on the second area and increase a thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first oxide layer is a pad oxide layer, the second oxide layer is a sacrificial oxide layer, and the third oxide layer is a gate oxide layer of an input/output device. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer is larger than a thickness of the third oxide layer after performing the oxidation process. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the first area is corresponding to a memory device, and the second area is corresponding to an input/output device. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
removing the first photoresist; performing a first oxidation process to form a third oxide layer on the second area and increase a thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer; and using a second photomask to apply a second photoresist for covering a first part of the third oxide layer and exposing a second part of the third oxide layer; wherein the first part of the third oxide layer is on a first part of the second area, and the second part of the third oxide layer is on a second part of the second area. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
performing an etching process to remove the second part of the third oxide layer and reduce the thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer; removing the second photoresist; and performing a second oxidation process to form a fourth oxide layer on the second part of the second area, increase the thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer, and increase a thickness of the first part of the third oxide layer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first oxide layer is a pad oxide layer, the second oxide layer is a sacrificial oxide layer, the third oxide layer is a gate oxide layer of an input/output device, and the fourth oxide layer is an oxide layer of a core device. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer is larger than the thickness of the first part of the third oxide layer, and the thickness of the first part of the third oxide layer is larger than a thickness of the fourth oxide layer. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first area is corresponding to a memory device, the first part of the second area is corresponding to an input/output device, and the second part of the second area is corresponding to a core device. 19. The method of claim 8, wherein the polishing process comprises a chemical-mechanical polishing process. 20. The method of claim 8, further comprising annealing the second oxide layer after implanting the ions. | A method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure includes forming a first oxide layer on a wafer; forming a silicon nitride layer on the first oxide layer; forming a plurality of trenches; filling an oxide material in the trenches to form a plurality of shallow trench isolation regions; removing the silicon nitride layer without removing the first oxide layer; using a photomask to apply a photoresist for covering a first part of the first oxide layer on a first area and exposing a second part of the first oxide layer on a second area; and removing the second part of the first oxide layer while remaining the first part of the first oxide layer.1. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
forming a first oxide layer on a wafer; forming a silicon nitride layer on the first oxide layer; forming a plurality of trenches; filling an oxide material in the trenches to form a plurality of shallow trench isolation regions; performing a polishing process to planarize a surface of the silicon nitride layer; removing the silicon nitride layer without removing the first oxide layer; using a photomask to apply a photoresist for covering a first part of the first oxide layer on a first area and exposing a second part of the first oxide layer on a second area; and removing the second part of the first oxide layer while remaining the first part of the first oxide layer. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
removing the photoresist; performing a first oxidation process to form a second oxide layer on the second area and increase a thickness of the first part of the first oxide layer; implanting ions to form a plurality of well regions; removing the second oxide layer; and performing a second oxidation process to form a third oxide layer on the second area and increase the thickness of the first part of the first oxide layer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first oxide layer is a pad oxide layer, the second oxide layer is a sacrificial oxide layer, and the third oxide layer is a gate oxide layer of an input/output device. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the thickness of the first part of the first oxide layer is larger than a thickness of the third oxide layer after performing the second oxidation process. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the first oxidation process and the second oxidation process comprises one of a physical vapor deposition process, a chemical vapor deposition process, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process and a thermal oxidation process. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first area is corresponding to a memory device, and the second area is corresponding to an input/output device. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polishing process comprises a chemical-mechanical polishing process. 8. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
forming a first oxide layer on a wafer; forming a silicon nitride layer on the first oxide layer; forming a plurality of trenches; filling an oxide material in the trenches to form a plurality of shallow trench isolation regions; performing a polishing process to planarize a surface of the silicon nitride layer; removing the silicon nitride layer and the first oxide layer; forming a second oxide layer; implanting ions to form a plurality of well regions; using a first photomask to apply a first photoresist for covering a first part of the second oxide layer on a first area and exposing a second part of the second oxide layer on a second area; and removing the second part of the second oxide layer while remaining the first part of the second oxide layer. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising performing a thinning process to reduce a thickness of the second oxide layer. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
removing the first photoresist; and performing an oxidation process to form a third oxide layer on the second area and increase a thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first oxide layer is a pad oxide layer, the second oxide layer is a sacrificial oxide layer, and the third oxide layer is a gate oxide layer of an input/output device. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer is larger than a thickness of the third oxide layer after performing the oxidation process. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the first area is corresponding to a memory device, and the second area is corresponding to an input/output device. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
removing the first photoresist; performing a first oxidation process to form a third oxide layer on the second area and increase a thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer; and using a second photomask to apply a second photoresist for covering a first part of the third oxide layer and exposing a second part of the third oxide layer; wherein the first part of the third oxide layer is on a first part of the second area, and the second part of the third oxide layer is on a second part of the second area. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
performing an etching process to remove the second part of the third oxide layer and reduce the thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer; removing the second photoresist; and performing a second oxidation process to form a fourth oxide layer on the second part of the second area, increase the thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer, and increase a thickness of the first part of the third oxide layer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first oxide layer is a pad oxide layer, the second oxide layer is a sacrificial oxide layer, the third oxide layer is a gate oxide layer of an input/output device, and the fourth oxide layer is an oxide layer of a core device. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the thickness of the first part of the second oxide layer is larger than the thickness of the first part of the third oxide layer, and the thickness of the first part of the third oxide layer is larger than a thickness of the fourth oxide layer. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first area is corresponding to a memory device, the first part of the second area is corresponding to an input/output device, and the second part of the second area is corresponding to a core device. 19. The method of claim 8, wherein the polishing process comprises a chemical-mechanical polishing process. 20. The method of claim 8, further comprising annealing the second oxide layer after implanting the ions. | 2,800 |
349,358 | 350,232 | 16,853,751 | 2,812 | A display device includes: a first substrate including a gate driver disposed in a non-display area; and a second substrate including a common electrode disposed apart from the first substrate, the gate driver includes: first and second clock wires configured to supply first and second clock signals, respectively; first and second stages configured to receive the first and second clock signals, respectively; a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage; a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage; a first contact portion connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and a second contact portion connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line. The common electrode includes: first and second openings corresponding to the first and second contact portions, respectively. The first opening and the second opening have different sizes in a plan view. | 1. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate comprising a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a first clock wire configured to supply a first clock signal;
a second clock wire configured to supply a second clock signal different from the first clock signal;
a first stage configured to receive the first clock signal from the first clock wire;
a second stage configured to receive the second clock signal from the second clock wire;
a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage;
a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage;
a first contact portion electrically connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and
a second contact portion electrically connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line,
wherein the common electrode comprises:
a first opening corresponding to the first contact portion; and
a second opening corresponding to the second contact portion, and
wherein the first opening and the second opening have different size in a plan view. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first substrate further comprises a gate conductive layer comprising the first clock wire and the second clock wire. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a data conductive layer comprising the first connection line and the second connection line. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the first substrate further comprises a pixel electrode layer comprising the first contact portion and the second contact portion. 5. The display device of claim 4, further comprising:
a first insulation layer disposed between the gate conductive layer and the data conductive layer; and a second insulation layer disposed between the data conductive layer and the pixel electrode layer, wherein openings are formed in the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, openings respectively exposing a part of the first clock wire, a part of the second clock wire, a part of the first connection line, and a part of the second connection line, wherein the first contact portion connects the first clock wire and the first connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to an exposed part of the first clock wire and the part of the first connection line, and wherein the second contact portion connects the second clock wire and the second connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to the exposed part of the second clock wire and the part of the second connection line. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the first opening has a larger planar area than the first contact portion, the second opening has a larger planar area than the second contact portion, and
wherein the common electrode is not overlapping with the first contact portion and the second contact portion in the plan view. 7. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a semiconductor layer that is disposed below the first connection line and the second connection line. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first connection line comprises a first section extending in a first direction and a second section extending in a second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the first connection line overlapping with the first clock wire, and
wherein the second connection line comprises a first section extending in the first direction and a second section extending in the second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the second connection line overlapping with the second clock wire. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein openings are formed in the first clock wire and the second clock wire such that light is transmitted therethrough. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein at least a part of the first clock signal having an enable level overlaps with a part of the second clock signal having the enable level. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first clock wire is distanced from the first stage at a first distance, and the second clock wire is distanced from the second stage at a second distance,
wherein the first opening is larger than the second opening in the plan view and the first distance is greater than the second distance. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first connection line and the second connection line comprises an additional resistor,
wherein the first connection line and the second connection line have the same resistance, and wherein the additional resistor is configured to compensate for a difference in length between the first distance and the second distance to make a length of the first connection line and the second connection line substantially equal. 13. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; and a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line, wherein the common electrode further comprises:
a third opening corresponding to the third contact portion, and
wherein the third opening has the same size as one of the first opening and the second opening in the plan view. 14. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
a third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a fourth clock wire configured to supply a fourth clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a fourth stage configured to receive the fourth clock signal from the fourth clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; a fourth connection line connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth stage; a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line; and a fourth contact portion electrically connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth connection line, wherein the first opening corresponds to the third contact portion, and wherein the second opening corresponds to the fourth contact portion. 15. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate that comprises a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a plurality of clock wires configured to supply a plurality of clock signals;
a plurality of stages configured to receive the plurality of clock signals respectively from the plurality of clock wires; and
a plurality of connection lines electrically connecting the plurality of clock wires respectively with the plurality of stages,
wherein the common electrode comprises a plurality of openings corresponding to portions where the plurality of connection lines and the plurality of clock wires are electrically connected, and wherein the plurality of openings comprises a first opening and a second opening, the first opening distanced farther than the second opening and the first opening is larger than the second opening in a plan view. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of clock wires comprise:
a first clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock signals; and a second clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock bar signals, the plurality of clock bar signals being antiphase with respect to the plurality of clock signals. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein a total number of clock wires is one of 8, 12, and 16. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein the gate driver further comprises a low voltage wire and a start signal wire. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the number of start signal wires is half a number of clock wires. 20. The display device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of connection lines further comprises:
a plurality of additional resistors having lengths corresponding to a distance difference between the stage and the plurality of clock wires. | A display device includes: a first substrate including a gate driver disposed in a non-display area; and a second substrate including a common electrode disposed apart from the first substrate, the gate driver includes: first and second clock wires configured to supply first and second clock signals, respectively; first and second stages configured to receive the first and second clock signals, respectively; a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage; a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage; a first contact portion connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and a second contact portion connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line. The common electrode includes: first and second openings corresponding to the first and second contact portions, respectively. The first opening and the second opening have different sizes in a plan view.1. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate comprising a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a first clock wire configured to supply a first clock signal;
a second clock wire configured to supply a second clock signal different from the first clock signal;
a first stage configured to receive the first clock signal from the first clock wire;
a second stage configured to receive the second clock signal from the second clock wire;
a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage;
a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage;
a first contact portion electrically connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and
a second contact portion electrically connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line,
wherein the common electrode comprises:
a first opening corresponding to the first contact portion; and
a second opening corresponding to the second contact portion, and
wherein the first opening and the second opening have different size in a plan view. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first substrate further comprises a gate conductive layer comprising the first clock wire and the second clock wire. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a data conductive layer comprising the first connection line and the second connection line. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the first substrate further comprises a pixel electrode layer comprising the first contact portion and the second contact portion. 5. The display device of claim 4, further comprising:
a first insulation layer disposed between the gate conductive layer and the data conductive layer; and a second insulation layer disposed between the data conductive layer and the pixel electrode layer, wherein openings are formed in the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, openings respectively exposing a part of the first clock wire, a part of the second clock wire, a part of the first connection line, and a part of the second connection line, wherein the first contact portion connects the first clock wire and the first connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to an exposed part of the first clock wire and the part of the first connection line, and wherein the second contact portion connects the second clock wire and the second connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to the exposed part of the second clock wire and the part of the second connection line. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the first opening has a larger planar area than the first contact portion, the second opening has a larger planar area than the second contact portion, and
wherein the common electrode is not overlapping with the first contact portion and the second contact portion in the plan view. 7. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a semiconductor layer that is disposed below the first connection line and the second connection line. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first connection line comprises a first section extending in a first direction and a second section extending in a second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the first connection line overlapping with the first clock wire, and
wherein the second connection line comprises a first section extending in the first direction and a second section extending in the second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the second connection line overlapping with the second clock wire. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein openings are formed in the first clock wire and the second clock wire such that light is transmitted therethrough. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein at least a part of the first clock signal having an enable level overlaps with a part of the second clock signal having the enable level. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first clock wire is distanced from the first stage at a first distance, and the second clock wire is distanced from the second stage at a second distance,
wherein the first opening is larger than the second opening in the plan view and the first distance is greater than the second distance. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first connection line and the second connection line comprises an additional resistor,
wherein the first connection line and the second connection line have the same resistance, and wherein the additional resistor is configured to compensate for a difference in length between the first distance and the second distance to make a length of the first connection line and the second connection line substantially equal. 13. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; and a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line, wherein the common electrode further comprises:
a third opening corresponding to the third contact portion, and
wherein the third opening has the same size as one of the first opening and the second opening in the plan view. 14. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
a third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a fourth clock wire configured to supply a fourth clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a fourth stage configured to receive the fourth clock signal from the fourth clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; a fourth connection line connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth stage; a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line; and a fourth contact portion electrically connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth connection line, wherein the first opening corresponds to the third contact portion, and wherein the second opening corresponds to the fourth contact portion. 15. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate that comprises a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a plurality of clock wires configured to supply a plurality of clock signals;
a plurality of stages configured to receive the plurality of clock signals respectively from the plurality of clock wires; and
a plurality of connection lines electrically connecting the plurality of clock wires respectively with the plurality of stages,
wherein the common electrode comprises a plurality of openings corresponding to portions where the plurality of connection lines and the plurality of clock wires are electrically connected, and wherein the plurality of openings comprises a first opening and a second opening, the first opening distanced farther than the second opening and the first opening is larger than the second opening in a plan view. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of clock wires comprise:
a first clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock signals; and a second clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock bar signals, the plurality of clock bar signals being antiphase with respect to the plurality of clock signals. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein a total number of clock wires is one of 8, 12, and 16. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein the gate driver further comprises a low voltage wire and a start signal wire. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the number of start signal wires is half a number of clock wires. 20. The display device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of connection lines further comprises:
a plurality of additional resistors having lengths corresponding to a distance difference between the stage and the plurality of clock wires. | 2,800 |
349,359 | 350,233 | 16,853,766 | 2,812 | A display device includes: a first substrate including a gate driver disposed in a non-display area; and a second substrate including a common electrode disposed apart from the first substrate, the gate driver includes: first and second clock wires configured to supply first and second clock signals, respectively; first and second stages configured to receive the first and second clock signals, respectively; a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage; a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage; a first contact portion connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and a second contact portion connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line. The common electrode includes: first and second openings corresponding to the first and second contact portions, respectively. The first opening and the second opening have different sizes in a plan view. | 1. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate comprising a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a first clock wire configured to supply a first clock signal;
a second clock wire configured to supply a second clock signal different from the first clock signal;
a first stage configured to receive the first clock signal from the first clock wire;
a second stage configured to receive the second clock signal from the second clock wire;
a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage;
a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage;
a first contact portion electrically connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and
a second contact portion electrically connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line,
wherein the common electrode comprises:
a first opening corresponding to the first contact portion; and
a second opening corresponding to the second contact portion, and
wherein the first opening and the second opening have different size in a plan view. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first substrate further comprises a gate conductive layer comprising the first clock wire and the second clock wire. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a data conductive layer comprising the first connection line and the second connection line. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the first substrate further comprises a pixel electrode layer comprising the first contact portion and the second contact portion. 5. The display device of claim 4, further comprising:
a first insulation layer disposed between the gate conductive layer and the data conductive layer; and a second insulation layer disposed between the data conductive layer and the pixel electrode layer, wherein openings are formed in the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, openings respectively exposing a part of the first clock wire, a part of the second clock wire, a part of the first connection line, and a part of the second connection line, wherein the first contact portion connects the first clock wire and the first connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to an exposed part of the first clock wire and the part of the first connection line, and wherein the second contact portion connects the second clock wire and the second connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to the exposed part of the second clock wire and the part of the second connection line. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the first opening has a larger planar area than the first contact portion, the second opening has a larger planar area than the second contact portion, and
wherein the common electrode is not overlapping with the first contact portion and the second contact portion in the plan view. 7. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a semiconductor layer that is disposed below the first connection line and the second connection line. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first connection line comprises a first section extending in a first direction and a second section extending in a second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the first connection line overlapping with the first clock wire, and
wherein the second connection line comprises a first section extending in the first direction and a second section extending in the second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the second connection line overlapping with the second clock wire. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein openings are formed in the first clock wire and the second clock wire such that light is transmitted therethrough. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein at least a part of the first clock signal having an enable level overlaps with a part of the second clock signal having the enable level. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first clock wire is distanced from the first stage at a first distance, and the second clock wire is distanced from the second stage at a second distance,
wherein the first opening is larger than the second opening in the plan view and the first distance is greater than the second distance. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first connection line and the second connection line comprises an additional resistor,
wherein the first connection line and the second connection line have the same resistance, and wherein the additional resistor is configured to compensate for a difference in length between the first distance and the second distance to make a length of the first connection line and the second connection line substantially equal. 13. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; and a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line, wherein the common electrode further comprises:
a third opening corresponding to the third contact portion, and
wherein the third opening has the same size as one of the first opening and the second opening in the plan view. 14. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
a third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a fourth clock wire configured to supply a fourth clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a fourth stage configured to receive the fourth clock signal from the fourth clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; a fourth connection line connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth stage; a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line; and a fourth contact portion electrically connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth connection line, wherein the first opening corresponds to the third contact portion, and wherein the second opening corresponds to the fourth contact portion. 15. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate that comprises a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a plurality of clock wires configured to supply a plurality of clock signals;
a plurality of stages configured to receive the plurality of clock signals respectively from the plurality of clock wires; and
a plurality of connection lines electrically connecting the plurality of clock wires respectively with the plurality of stages,
wherein the common electrode comprises a plurality of openings corresponding to portions where the plurality of connection lines and the plurality of clock wires are electrically connected, and wherein the plurality of openings comprises a first opening and a second opening, the first opening distanced farther than the second opening and the first opening is larger than the second opening in a plan view. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of clock wires comprise:
a first clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock signals; and a second clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock bar signals, the plurality of clock bar signals being antiphase with respect to the plurality of clock signals. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein a total number of clock wires is one of 8, 12, and 16. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein the gate driver further comprises a low voltage wire and a start signal wire. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the number of start signal wires is half a number of clock wires. 20. The display device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of connection lines further comprises:
a plurality of additional resistors having lengths corresponding to a distance difference between the stage and the plurality of clock wires. | A display device includes: a first substrate including a gate driver disposed in a non-display area; and a second substrate including a common electrode disposed apart from the first substrate, the gate driver includes: first and second clock wires configured to supply first and second clock signals, respectively; first and second stages configured to receive the first and second clock signals, respectively; a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage; a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage; a first contact portion connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and a second contact portion connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line. The common electrode includes: first and second openings corresponding to the first and second contact portions, respectively. The first opening and the second opening have different sizes in a plan view.1. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate comprising a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a first clock wire configured to supply a first clock signal;
a second clock wire configured to supply a second clock signal different from the first clock signal;
a first stage configured to receive the first clock signal from the first clock wire;
a second stage configured to receive the second clock signal from the second clock wire;
a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage;
a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage;
a first contact portion electrically connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and
a second contact portion electrically connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line,
wherein the common electrode comprises:
a first opening corresponding to the first contact portion; and
a second opening corresponding to the second contact portion, and
wherein the first opening and the second opening have different size in a plan view. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first substrate further comprises a gate conductive layer comprising the first clock wire and the second clock wire. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a data conductive layer comprising the first connection line and the second connection line. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the first substrate further comprises a pixel electrode layer comprising the first contact portion and the second contact portion. 5. The display device of claim 4, further comprising:
a first insulation layer disposed between the gate conductive layer and the data conductive layer; and a second insulation layer disposed between the data conductive layer and the pixel electrode layer, wherein openings are formed in the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, openings respectively exposing a part of the first clock wire, a part of the second clock wire, a part of the first connection line, and a part of the second connection line, wherein the first contact portion connects the first clock wire and the first connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to an exposed part of the first clock wire and the part of the first connection line, and wherein the second contact portion connects the second clock wire and the second connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to the exposed part of the second clock wire and the part of the second connection line. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the first opening has a larger planar area than the first contact portion, the second opening has a larger planar area than the second contact portion, and
wherein the common electrode is not overlapping with the first contact portion and the second contact portion in the plan view. 7. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a semiconductor layer that is disposed below the first connection line and the second connection line. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first connection line comprises a first section extending in a first direction and a second section extending in a second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the first connection line overlapping with the first clock wire, and
wherein the second connection line comprises a first section extending in the first direction and a second section extending in the second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the second connection line overlapping with the second clock wire. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein openings are formed in the first clock wire and the second clock wire such that light is transmitted therethrough. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein at least a part of the first clock signal having an enable level overlaps with a part of the second clock signal having the enable level. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first clock wire is distanced from the first stage at a first distance, and the second clock wire is distanced from the second stage at a second distance,
wherein the first opening is larger than the second opening in the plan view and the first distance is greater than the second distance. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first connection line and the second connection line comprises an additional resistor,
wherein the first connection line and the second connection line have the same resistance, and wherein the additional resistor is configured to compensate for a difference in length between the first distance and the second distance to make a length of the first connection line and the second connection line substantially equal. 13. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; and a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line, wherein the common electrode further comprises:
a third opening corresponding to the third contact portion, and
wherein the third opening has the same size as one of the first opening and the second opening in the plan view. 14. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
a third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a fourth clock wire configured to supply a fourth clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a fourth stage configured to receive the fourth clock signal from the fourth clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; a fourth connection line connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth stage; a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line; and a fourth contact portion electrically connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth connection line, wherein the first opening corresponds to the third contact portion, and wherein the second opening corresponds to the fourth contact portion. 15. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate that comprises a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a plurality of clock wires configured to supply a plurality of clock signals;
a plurality of stages configured to receive the plurality of clock signals respectively from the plurality of clock wires; and
a plurality of connection lines electrically connecting the plurality of clock wires respectively with the plurality of stages,
wherein the common electrode comprises a plurality of openings corresponding to portions where the plurality of connection lines and the plurality of clock wires are electrically connected, and wherein the plurality of openings comprises a first opening and a second opening, the first opening distanced farther than the second opening and the first opening is larger than the second opening in a plan view. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of clock wires comprise:
a first clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock signals; and a second clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock bar signals, the plurality of clock bar signals being antiphase with respect to the plurality of clock signals. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein a total number of clock wires is one of 8, 12, and 16. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein the gate driver further comprises a low voltage wire and a start signal wire. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the number of start signal wires is half a number of clock wires. 20. The display device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of connection lines further comprises:
a plurality of additional resistors having lengths corresponding to a distance difference between the stage and the plurality of clock wires. | 2,800 |
349,360 | 350,234 | 16,853,762 | 2,812 | A display device includes: a first substrate including a gate driver disposed in a non-display area; and a second substrate including a common electrode disposed apart from the first substrate, the gate driver includes: first and second clock wires configured to supply first and second clock signals, respectively; first and second stages configured to receive the first and second clock signals, respectively; a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage; a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage; a first contact portion connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and a second contact portion connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line. The common electrode includes: first and second openings corresponding to the first and second contact portions, respectively. The first opening and the second opening have different sizes in a plan view. | 1. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate comprising a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a first clock wire configured to supply a first clock signal;
a second clock wire configured to supply a second clock signal different from the first clock signal;
a first stage configured to receive the first clock signal from the first clock wire;
a second stage configured to receive the second clock signal from the second clock wire;
a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage;
a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage;
a first contact portion electrically connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and
a second contact portion electrically connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line,
wherein the common electrode comprises:
a first opening corresponding to the first contact portion; and
a second opening corresponding to the second contact portion, and
wherein the first opening and the second opening have different size in a plan view. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first substrate further comprises a gate conductive layer comprising the first clock wire and the second clock wire. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a data conductive layer comprising the first connection line and the second connection line. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the first substrate further comprises a pixel electrode layer comprising the first contact portion and the second contact portion. 5. The display device of claim 4, further comprising:
a first insulation layer disposed between the gate conductive layer and the data conductive layer; and a second insulation layer disposed between the data conductive layer and the pixel electrode layer, wherein openings are formed in the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, openings respectively exposing a part of the first clock wire, a part of the second clock wire, a part of the first connection line, and a part of the second connection line, wherein the first contact portion connects the first clock wire and the first connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to an exposed part of the first clock wire and the part of the first connection line, and wherein the second contact portion connects the second clock wire and the second connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to the exposed part of the second clock wire and the part of the second connection line. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the first opening has a larger planar area than the first contact portion, the second opening has a larger planar area than the second contact portion, and
wherein the common electrode is not overlapping with the first contact portion and the second contact portion in the plan view. 7. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a semiconductor layer that is disposed below the first connection line and the second connection line. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first connection line comprises a first section extending in a first direction and a second section extending in a second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the first connection line overlapping with the first clock wire, and
wherein the second connection line comprises a first section extending in the first direction and a second section extending in the second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the second connection line overlapping with the second clock wire. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein openings are formed in the first clock wire and the second clock wire such that light is transmitted therethrough. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein at least a part of the first clock signal having an enable level overlaps with a part of the second clock signal having the enable level. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first clock wire is distanced from the first stage at a first distance, and the second clock wire is distanced from the second stage at a second distance,
wherein the first opening is larger than the second opening in the plan view and the first distance is greater than the second distance. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first connection line and the second connection line comprises an additional resistor,
wherein the first connection line and the second connection line have the same resistance, and wherein the additional resistor is configured to compensate for a difference in length between the first distance and the second distance to make a length of the first connection line and the second connection line substantially equal. 13. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; and a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line, wherein the common electrode further comprises:
a third opening corresponding to the third contact portion, and
wherein the third opening has the same size as one of the first opening and the second opening in the plan view. 14. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
a third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a fourth clock wire configured to supply a fourth clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a fourth stage configured to receive the fourth clock signal from the fourth clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; a fourth connection line connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth stage; a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line; and a fourth contact portion electrically connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth connection line, wherein the first opening corresponds to the third contact portion, and wherein the second opening corresponds to the fourth contact portion. 15. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate that comprises a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a plurality of clock wires configured to supply a plurality of clock signals;
a plurality of stages configured to receive the plurality of clock signals respectively from the plurality of clock wires; and
a plurality of connection lines electrically connecting the plurality of clock wires respectively with the plurality of stages,
wherein the common electrode comprises a plurality of openings corresponding to portions where the plurality of connection lines and the plurality of clock wires are electrically connected, and wherein the plurality of openings comprises a first opening and a second opening, the first opening distanced farther than the second opening and the first opening is larger than the second opening in a plan view. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of clock wires comprise:
a first clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock signals; and a second clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock bar signals, the plurality of clock bar signals being antiphase with respect to the plurality of clock signals. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein a total number of clock wires is one of 8, 12, and 16. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein the gate driver further comprises a low voltage wire and a start signal wire. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the number of start signal wires is half a number of clock wires. 20. The display device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of connection lines further comprises:
a plurality of additional resistors having lengths corresponding to a distance difference between the stage and the plurality of clock wires. | A display device includes: a first substrate including a gate driver disposed in a non-display area; and a second substrate including a common electrode disposed apart from the first substrate, the gate driver includes: first and second clock wires configured to supply first and second clock signals, respectively; first and second stages configured to receive the first and second clock signals, respectively; a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage; a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage; a first contact portion connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and a second contact portion connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line. The common electrode includes: first and second openings corresponding to the first and second contact portions, respectively. The first opening and the second opening have different sizes in a plan view.1. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate comprising a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a first clock wire configured to supply a first clock signal;
a second clock wire configured to supply a second clock signal different from the first clock signal;
a first stage configured to receive the first clock signal from the first clock wire;
a second stage configured to receive the second clock signal from the second clock wire;
a first connection line connecting the first clock wire and the first stage;
a second connection line connecting the second clock wire and the second stage;
a first contact portion electrically connecting the first clock wire and the first connection line; and
a second contact portion electrically connecting the second clock wire and the second connection line,
wherein the common electrode comprises:
a first opening corresponding to the first contact portion; and
a second opening corresponding to the second contact portion, and
wherein the first opening and the second opening have different size in a plan view. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first substrate further comprises a gate conductive layer comprising the first clock wire and the second clock wire. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first substrate further comprises a data conductive layer comprising the first connection line and the second connection line. 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the first substrate further comprises a pixel electrode layer comprising the first contact portion and the second contact portion. 5. The display device of claim 4, further comprising:
a first insulation layer disposed between the gate conductive layer and the data conductive layer; and a second insulation layer disposed between the data conductive layer and the pixel electrode layer, wherein openings are formed in the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, openings respectively exposing a part of the first clock wire, a part of the second clock wire, a part of the first connection line, and a part of the second connection line, wherein the first contact portion connects the first clock wire and the first connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to an exposed part of the first clock wire and the part of the first connection line, and wherein the second contact portion connects the second clock wire and the second connection line to the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer, respectively, through the openings corresponding to the exposed part of the second clock wire and the part of the second connection line. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the first opening has a larger planar area than the first contact portion, the second opening has a larger planar area than the second contact portion, and
wherein the common electrode is not overlapping with the first contact portion and the second contact portion in the plan view. 7. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a semiconductor layer that is disposed below the first connection line and the second connection line. 8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first connection line comprises a first section extending in a first direction and a second section extending in a second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the first connection line overlapping with the first clock wire, and
wherein the second connection line comprises a first section extending in the first direction and a second section extending in the second direction bent from the first section, the second section of the second connection line overlapping with the second clock wire. 9. The display device of claim 1, wherein openings are formed in the first clock wire and the second clock wire such that light is transmitted therethrough. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein at least a part of the first clock signal having an enable level overlaps with a part of the second clock signal having the enable level. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first clock wire is distanced from the first stage at a first distance, and the second clock wire is distanced from the second stage at a second distance,
wherein the first opening is larger than the second opening in the plan view and the first distance is greater than the second distance. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first connection line and the second connection line comprises an additional resistor,
wherein the first connection line and the second connection line have the same resistance, and wherein the additional resistor is configured to compensate for a difference in length between the first distance and the second distance to make a length of the first connection line and the second connection line substantially equal. 13. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; and a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line, wherein the common electrode further comprises:
a third opening corresponding to the third contact portion, and
wherein the third opening has the same size as one of the first opening and the second opening in the plan view. 14. The display device of claim 1, wherein the gate driver further comprises:
a third clock wire configured to supply a third clock signal; a fourth clock wire configured to supply a fourth clock signal; a third stage configured to receive the third clock signal from the third clock wire; a fourth stage configured to receive the fourth clock signal from the fourth clock wire; a third connection line connecting the third clock wire and the third stage; a fourth connection line connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth stage; a third contact portion electrically connecting the third clock wire and the third connection line; and a fourth contact portion electrically connecting the fourth clock wire and the fourth connection line, wherein the first opening corresponds to the third contact portion, and wherein the second opening corresponds to the fourth contact portion. 15. A display device comprising:
a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the first substrate comprising a gate driver disposed in the non-display area; and a second substrate that comprises a common electrode, the second substrate being disposed apart from the first substrate, wherein the gate driver comprises:
a plurality of clock wires configured to supply a plurality of clock signals;
a plurality of stages configured to receive the plurality of clock signals respectively from the plurality of clock wires; and
a plurality of connection lines electrically connecting the plurality of clock wires respectively with the plurality of stages,
wherein the common electrode comprises a plurality of openings corresponding to portions where the plurality of connection lines and the plurality of clock wires are electrically connected, and wherein the plurality of openings comprises a first opening and a second opening, the first opening distanced farther than the second opening and the first opening is larger than the second opening in a plan view. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of clock wires comprise:
a first clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock signals; and a second clock wire configured to transmit a plurality of clock bar signals, the plurality of clock bar signals being antiphase with respect to the plurality of clock signals. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein a total number of clock wires is one of 8, 12, and 16. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein the gate driver further comprises a low voltage wire and a start signal wire. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the number of start signal wires is half a number of clock wires. 20. The display device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of connection lines further comprises:
a plurality of additional resistors having lengths corresponding to a distance difference between the stage and the plurality of clock wires. | 2,800 |
349,361 | 350,235 | 16,758,014 | 2,812 | A photodetection apparatus includes a display unit (102), a photodetection sensor (104) disposed beneath the display unit (102), a low refractive index adhesive (103) disposed between the display unit (102) and the photodetection sensor (104), and a main circuit board (106) disposed below the photodetection sensor (104). The display unit (102) includes a display member having a light transmittance greater than 3%. The photodetection sensor (104) includes a pixel thin film circuit (91) and a photodetection film (92) electrically connected to the pixel thin film circuit (91) and is adapted to receive an incident light and to convert the incident light into an optoelectronic signal. The low refractive index adhesive (103) has a refractive index smaller than that of the photodetection sensor (104). | 1. A photodetection apparatus, comprising:
a display unit including a display member and an active thin film transistor array film electrically connected to said display member, said display member having a light transmittance greater than 3%; at least one photodetection sensor disposed beneath said display unit and including at least one pixel detection region arranged in m columns×n rows, in which m is not less than 1 and n is not less than 1, said at least one pixel detection region including a pixel thin film circuit that includes at least one thin film transistor, and a photodetection film that is electrically connected to said pixel thin film circuit and that is adapted to receive an incident light and to convert the incident light into an optoelectronic signal; a low refractive index adhesive disposed between said display unit and said at least one photodetection sensor, said low refractive index adhesive having a refractive index smaller than that of said at least one photodetection sensor; and a main circuit board disposed below said at least one photodetection sensor. 2. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the refractive index of said low refractive index adhesive is less than 1.4. 3. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said photodetection film is selected from a photodiode and a photodetection thin film transistor. 4. The photodetection apparatus of claim 3, wherein said photodiode including an n-type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer disposed on said n-type semiconductor layer, and a p-type semiconductor layer disposed on said intrinsic semiconductor layer, said intrinsic semiconductor layer having a structure selected from an amorphous silicon structure, a microcrystalline silicon structure, and a non-crystalline silicon-germanium structure. 5. The photodetection apparatus of claim 4, wherein the microcrystalline silicon structure has a crystallinity greater than 40% and has a band gap less than 1.7 eV. 6. The photodetection apparatus of claim 4, wherein the non-crystalline silicon-germanium structure has a band gap less than 1.7 eV. 7. The photodetection apparatus of claim 4, wherein said photodiode further includes a first optical film that is immediately disposed on a top surface of said p-type semiconductor layer for reducing a reflection rate of light from said top surface of said p-type semiconductor layer or reducing a refraction angle of light in said p-type semiconductor layer. 8. The photodetection apparatus of claim 4, wherein said photodiode further includes a second optical film that is immediately disposed on a bottom surface of said n-type semiconductor layer for reflection of light from said n-type semiconductor layer to said intrinsic semiconductor layer. 9. The photodetection apparatus of claim 3, wherein said photodetection thin film transistor including
a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer that is surroundingly formed on said gate electrode, at least one drain terminal that is disposed on said gate insulating layer and that is spaced apart from said gate electrode, at least one source terminal that is disposed on said gate insulating layer and that is spaced apart from said gate electrode and said at least one drain terminal, and a light-absorbing semiconductor layer that is disposed on an exposed portion of said gate insulating layer exposed from said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal and that extends between said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal so as to serve as a leakage current channel between said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal. 10. The photodetection apparatus of claim 9, wherein said photodetection thin film transistor includes a plurality of said drain terminals that are spaced apart from each other and that are electrically connected in parallel and a plurality of said source terminals that are spaced apart from each other and that are electrically connected in parallel, said drain terminals and said source terminals being separately and alternately arranged on said gate insulating layer, said light-absorbing semiconductor layer being disposed on the exposed portion of said gate insulating layer exposed among said drain terminals and said source terminals and extending among said drain terminals and said source terminals. 11. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said photodetection apparatus includes a plurality of said photodetection sensors, said display unit defining a plurality of display photodetection regions, each of said photodetection sensors being disposed below and corresponding in position to a respective one of said display photodetection regions. 12. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cover unit that is disposed on said display unit and that is selected from a touch screen and a glass covering plate. 13. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a flexible circuit board connected to said at least one photodetection sensor and said main circuit board, said flexible circuit board including a chip for reading and identifying an image signal generated from said photodetection sensor. 14. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said display member is selected from an active matrix organic light emitting diode (OLED) display member and an active matrix micro-light emitting diode (micro-LED) display member. 15. A photodetection sensor adapted to be disposed beneath a display unit of a photodetection apparatus, said photodetection sensor comprising at least one pixel detection region arranged in m columns×n rows, in which m is not less than 1 and n is not less than 1, said at least one pixel detection region including
a pixel thin film circuit that includes at least one thin film transistor, and
a photodetection film that is electrically connected to said pixel thin film circuit and that is adapted to receive an incident light and to convert the incident light into an optoelectronic signal, said photodetection film being selected from a photodiode and a photodetection thin film transistor. 16. The photodetection sensor of claim 15, wherein said photodiode including an n-type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer disposed on said n-type semiconductor layer, and a p-type semiconductor layer disposed on said intrinsic semiconductor layer, said intrinsic semiconductor layer having a structure selected from an amorphous silicon structure, a microcrystalline silicon structure, and a non-crystalline silicon-germanium structure. 17. The photodetection sensor of claim 16, wherein the microcrystalline silicon structure has a crystallinity greater than 40% and has a band gap less than 1.7 eV. 18. The photodetection sensor of claim 16, wherein the non-crystalline silicon-germanium structure has a band gap less than 1.7 eV. 19. The photodetection sensor of claim 16, wherein said photodiode further includes a first optical film that is immediately disposed on a top surface of said p-type semiconductor layer for reducing a reflection rate of light from said top surface of said p-type semiconductor layer or reducing a refraction angle of light in said p-type semiconductor layer. 20. The photodetection sensor of claim 16, wherein said photodiode further includes a second optical film that is immediately disposed on a bottom surface of said n-type semiconductor layer for reflection of light from said n-type semiconductor layer to said intrinsic semiconductor layer. 21. The photodetection sensor of claim 15, wherein said photodetection thin film transistor including
a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer that is surroundingly formed on said gate electrode, at least one drain terminal that is disposed on said gate insulating layer and that is spaced apart from said gate electrode, at least one source terminal that is disposed on said gate insulating layer and that is spaced apart from said gate electrode and said at least one drain terminal, and a light-absorbing semiconductor layer that is disposed on an exposed portion of said gate insulating layer exposed from said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal and that extends between said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal so as to serve as a leakage current channel between said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal. 22. The photodetection sensor of claim 21, wherein said photodetection thin film transistor includes a plurality of said drain terminals that are spaced apart from each other and that are electrically connected in parallel and a plurality of said source terminals that are spaced apart from each other and that are electrically connected in parallel, said drain terminals and said source terminals being separately and alternately arranged on said gate insulating layer, said light-absorbing semiconductor layer being disposed on the exposed portion of said gate insulating layer exposed among said drain terminals and said source terminals and extending among said drain terminals and said source terminals. | A photodetection apparatus includes a display unit (102), a photodetection sensor (104) disposed beneath the display unit (102), a low refractive index adhesive (103) disposed between the display unit (102) and the photodetection sensor (104), and a main circuit board (106) disposed below the photodetection sensor (104). The display unit (102) includes a display member having a light transmittance greater than 3%. The photodetection sensor (104) includes a pixel thin film circuit (91) and a photodetection film (92) electrically connected to the pixel thin film circuit (91) and is adapted to receive an incident light and to convert the incident light into an optoelectronic signal. The low refractive index adhesive (103) has a refractive index smaller than that of the photodetection sensor (104).1. A photodetection apparatus, comprising:
a display unit including a display member and an active thin film transistor array film electrically connected to said display member, said display member having a light transmittance greater than 3%; at least one photodetection sensor disposed beneath said display unit and including at least one pixel detection region arranged in m columns×n rows, in which m is not less than 1 and n is not less than 1, said at least one pixel detection region including a pixel thin film circuit that includes at least one thin film transistor, and a photodetection film that is electrically connected to said pixel thin film circuit and that is adapted to receive an incident light and to convert the incident light into an optoelectronic signal; a low refractive index adhesive disposed between said display unit and said at least one photodetection sensor, said low refractive index adhesive having a refractive index smaller than that of said at least one photodetection sensor; and a main circuit board disposed below said at least one photodetection sensor. 2. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the refractive index of said low refractive index adhesive is less than 1.4. 3. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said photodetection film is selected from a photodiode and a photodetection thin film transistor. 4. The photodetection apparatus of claim 3, wherein said photodiode including an n-type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer disposed on said n-type semiconductor layer, and a p-type semiconductor layer disposed on said intrinsic semiconductor layer, said intrinsic semiconductor layer having a structure selected from an amorphous silicon structure, a microcrystalline silicon structure, and a non-crystalline silicon-germanium structure. 5. The photodetection apparatus of claim 4, wherein the microcrystalline silicon structure has a crystallinity greater than 40% and has a band gap less than 1.7 eV. 6. The photodetection apparatus of claim 4, wherein the non-crystalline silicon-germanium structure has a band gap less than 1.7 eV. 7. The photodetection apparatus of claim 4, wherein said photodiode further includes a first optical film that is immediately disposed on a top surface of said p-type semiconductor layer for reducing a reflection rate of light from said top surface of said p-type semiconductor layer or reducing a refraction angle of light in said p-type semiconductor layer. 8. The photodetection apparatus of claim 4, wherein said photodiode further includes a second optical film that is immediately disposed on a bottom surface of said n-type semiconductor layer for reflection of light from said n-type semiconductor layer to said intrinsic semiconductor layer. 9. The photodetection apparatus of claim 3, wherein said photodetection thin film transistor including
a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer that is surroundingly formed on said gate electrode, at least one drain terminal that is disposed on said gate insulating layer and that is spaced apart from said gate electrode, at least one source terminal that is disposed on said gate insulating layer and that is spaced apart from said gate electrode and said at least one drain terminal, and a light-absorbing semiconductor layer that is disposed on an exposed portion of said gate insulating layer exposed from said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal and that extends between said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal so as to serve as a leakage current channel between said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal. 10. The photodetection apparatus of claim 9, wherein said photodetection thin film transistor includes a plurality of said drain terminals that are spaced apart from each other and that are electrically connected in parallel and a plurality of said source terminals that are spaced apart from each other and that are electrically connected in parallel, said drain terminals and said source terminals being separately and alternately arranged on said gate insulating layer, said light-absorbing semiconductor layer being disposed on the exposed portion of said gate insulating layer exposed among said drain terminals and said source terminals and extending among said drain terminals and said source terminals. 11. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said photodetection apparatus includes a plurality of said photodetection sensors, said display unit defining a plurality of display photodetection regions, each of said photodetection sensors being disposed below and corresponding in position to a respective one of said display photodetection regions. 12. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cover unit that is disposed on said display unit and that is selected from a touch screen and a glass covering plate. 13. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a flexible circuit board connected to said at least one photodetection sensor and said main circuit board, said flexible circuit board including a chip for reading and identifying an image signal generated from said photodetection sensor. 14. The photodetection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said display member is selected from an active matrix organic light emitting diode (OLED) display member and an active matrix micro-light emitting diode (micro-LED) display member. 15. A photodetection sensor adapted to be disposed beneath a display unit of a photodetection apparatus, said photodetection sensor comprising at least one pixel detection region arranged in m columns×n rows, in which m is not less than 1 and n is not less than 1, said at least one pixel detection region including
a pixel thin film circuit that includes at least one thin film transistor, and
a photodetection film that is electrically connected to said pixel thin film circuit and that is adapted to receive an incident light and to convert the incident light into an optoelectronic signal, said photodetection film being selected from a photodiode and a photodetection thin film transistor. 16. The photodetection sensor of claim 15, wherein said photodiode including an n-type semiconductor layer, an intrinsic semiconductor layer disposed on said n-type semiconductor layer, and a p-type semiconductor layer disposed on said intrinsic semiconductor layer, said intrinsic semiconductor layer having a structure selected from an amorphous silicon structure, a microcrystalline silicon structure, and a non-crystalline silicon-germanium structure. 17. The photodetection sensor of claim 16, wherein the microcrystalline silicon structure has a crystallinity greater than 40% and has a band gap less than 1.7 eV. 18. The photodetection sensor of claim 16, wherein the non-crystalline silicon-germanium structure has a band gap less than 1.7 eV. 19. The photodetection sensor of claim 16, wherein said photodiode further includes a first optical film that is immediately disposed on a top surface of said p-type semiconductor layer for reducing a reflection rate of light from said top surface of said p-type semiconductor layer or reducing a refraction angle of light in said p-type semiconductor layer. 20. The photodetection sensor of claim 16, wherein said photodiode further includes a second optical film that is immediately disposed on a bottom surface of said n-type semiconductor layer for reflection of light from said n-type semiconductor layer to said intrinsic semiconductor layer. 21. The photodetection sensor of claim 15, wherein said photodetection thin film transistor including
a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer that is surroundingly formed on said gate electrode, at least one drain terminal that is disposed on said gate insulating layer and that is spaced apart from said gate electrode, at least one source terminal that is disposed on said gate insulating layer and that is spaced apart from said gate electrode and said at least one drain terminal, and a light-absorbing semiconductor layer that is disposed on an exposed portion of said gate insulating layer exposed from said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal and that extends between said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal so as to serve as a leakage current channel between said at least one drain terminal and said at least one source terminal. 22. The photodetection sensor of claim 21, wherein said photodetection thin film transistor includes a plurality of said drain terminals that are spaced apart from each other and that are electrically connected in parallel and a plurality of said source terminals that are spaced apart from each other and that are electrically connected in parallel, said drain terminals and said source terminals being separately and alternately arranged on said gate insulating layer, said light-absorbing semiconductor layer being disposed on the exposed portion of said gate insulating layer exposed among said drain terminals and said source terminals and extending among said drain terminals and said source terminals. | 2,800 |
349,362 | 350,236 | 16,853,763 | 2,622 | A touch display panel including a substrate, a first touch sensor layer and a display electrode layer is provided. The first touch sensor layer is disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of first touch sensor electrodes. The first touch sensor electrodes are grouped into a plurality of touch sensor units. Each touch sensor unit includes one or more first touch sensor electrodes. At least one first touch sensor electrode of each touch sensor unit serves as a transmitting electrode during a touch sensing period. The display electrode layer is disposed between the substrate and the first touch sensor layer and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of display electrodes. The display electrodes are grouped into a plurality of display units. Each display unit includes one or more display electrodes. Each display unit is respectively corresponding to a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units. | 1. A touch display panel, comprising:
a substrate; a first touch sensor layer, disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of first touch sensor electrodes, wherein the first touch sensor electrodes are grouped into a plurality of touch sensor units, each touch sensor unit comprises one or more first touch sensor electrodes, and at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit is configured to serve as a transmitting electrode during a touch sensing period; and a display electrode layer, disposed between the substrate and the first touch sensor layer and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of display electrodes, wherein the display electrodes are grouped into a plurality of display units, each display unit comprises one or more display electrodes, and each display unit is respectively corresponding to a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units. 2. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panel further comprising a plurality of OLEDs, and the display electrode layer is an OLED cathode layer of the OLEDs. 3. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel further comprising a plurality of common electrodes served as the display electrode layer. 4. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein each of the touch sensor units is located above the corresponding display electrode. 5. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein each of the touch sensor units comprises a first number of one or more first touch sensor electrodes and each of the corresponding display units comprises a second number of one or more display electrodes, wherein the second number is unequal to the first number. 6. The touch display panel of claim 5, wherein the first number is greater than the second number and a respective area of each first touch sensor electrode of each touch sensor unit is smaller than a respective area of each display electrode of each display unit. 7. The touch display panel of claim 6, wherein the first number is greater than 1 and the second number is 1. 8. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein each of the touch sensor units comprises a first number of one or more first touch sensor electrodes and each of the corresponding display units comprises a second number of one or more display electrodes, wherein the second number is equal to the first number. 9. The touch display panel of claim 5, wherein a respective area of each first touch sensor electrode of each touch sensor unit is smaller than or equal to a respective area of each display electrode of each display unit. 10. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein an area of each touch sensor unit is smaller than or equal to an area of the corresponding display unit. 11. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is a self-capacitance touch display panel and each of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit serves as a transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode. 12. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is a mutual-capacitance touch display panel and at least another one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit is configured to serve as a receiving electrode. 13. The touch display panel of claim 12, wherein the transmitting electrodes and the receiving electrodes of the touch sensor units are arranged in the same direction. 14. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is a mutual-capacitance touch display panel wherein each first touch sensor electrode of each touch sensor unit is configured to serve as a transmitting electrode. 15. The touch display panel of claim 14, wherein the touch display panel further comprises a second touch sensor layer, disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of second touch sensor electrodes, and each of the second touch sensor electrodes is configured to serve as a receiving electrode. 16. The touch display panel of claim 15, wherein the transmitting electrodes of the touch sensor units and the receiving electrodes are arranged in different directions. 17. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units is driven by a first driving signal to be a currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is configured to receive a synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage different between the synchronization signal and the first driving signal is substantially constant. 18. The touch display panel of claim 17, further comprising:
a plurality of display pixels, each display pixel comprising at least one organic light-emitting diode, wherein the organic light-emitting diode has a first end and a second end, and one of the first end and the second end serves as one of the display electrodes. 19. The touch display panel of claim 18, wherein the first end is coupled to a first voltage having a first voltage level, the second end is coupled to a second voltage having a second voltage level during a display period, and the first voltage level is greater than the second voltage level. 20. The touch display panel of claim 19, wherein the first end is coupled to a third voltage and the second end is coupled to a fourth voltage serving as the synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage difference between the third voltage and the synchronization signal is substantially constant. 21. The touch display panel of claim 20, wherein a level difference of a direct current (DC) level of the third voltage and a DC level of the fourth voltage is the same as a level difference of a DC level of the first voltage and a DC level of the second voltage. 22. The touch display panel of claim 18, wherein the first end is coupled to a first switch and the second end is coupled to a second switch,
the first switch is switched to be coupled to a first voltage and the second switch is switched to be coupled to a second voltage during a display period, and the first voltage is larger than the second voltage, and the first switch is switched to be coupled to the synchronization signal and the second switch is switched to be coupled to the synchronization signal during the touch sensing period. 23. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to a currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is configured to be in a floating state during the touch sensing period. 24. The touch display panel of claim 23, further comprising:
a plurality of display pixels, each display pixel comprising an organic light-emitting diode, wherein the organic light-emitting diode has a first end and a second end, and one of the first end and the second end serves as one of the display electrodes. 25. The touch display panel of claim 24, wherein the first end is coupled to a first switch and the second end is coupled to a second switch, wherein
the first switch is switched to be coupled to a first voltage and the second switch is switched to be coupled to a second voltage during a display period, and the first voltage is larger than the second voltage and the first switch is switched to a high impedance end and the second switch is switched to the high impedance end during the touch sensing period. 26. A touch control circuit configured to control a touch display panel, the touch display panel comprising a substrate, a first touch sensor layer, disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of first touch sensor electrodes, wherein the first touch sensor electrodes are grouped into a plurality of touch sensor units, each touch sensor unit comprising one or more first touch sensor electrodes, and a display electrode layer, disposed between the substrate and the touch sensor layer and serving as one or more display electrodes, and the touch display panel further comprising a plurality of display pixels, each display pixel comprising at least one organic light-emitting diode, wherein the organic light-emitting diode has a first end and a second end, and at least one of the first end and the second end is formed by one of the one or more display electrodes, the touch control circuit comprising:
a first control circuit configured to provide a first driving signal to at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit, the at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes is configured to serve as a transmitting electrode during a touch sensing period; and a second control circuit configured to set at least one of the one or more display electrodes in a state capable of reducing effect of parasitic capacitances between a currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit and the at least one of the one or more display electrodes. 27. The touch control circuit of claim 26, wherein the display electrode layer is patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of display electrodes, wherein the display electrodes are grouped into a plurality of display units, each display unit comprising one or more display electrodes and each display unit respectively corresponding to a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units. 28. The touch control circuit of claim 27, wherein the second control circuit is configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in a state capable of reducing effect of parasitic capacitances between the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit and the corresponding display unit. 29. The touch control circuit of claim 28, wherein the second control circuit is configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in a synchronization state to receive a synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage difference between the synchronization signal and the first driving signal is substantially constant. 30. The touch control circuit of claim 29, wherein the second control circuit is further configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to at least one currently-not-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in the synchronization state. 31. The touch control circuit of claim 28, wherein the second control circuit is configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in a floating state during the touch sensing period. 32. The touch control circuit of claim 31, wherein the second control circuit is further configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to at least one currently-not-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in the floating state. 33. The touch control circuit of claim 29, wherein the second control circuit is configured to control the first end to be coupled to a voltage and control the second end to be coupled to another voltage serving as the synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage difference between the voltage coupled to the first end and the synchronization signal is substantially constant. 34. The touch control circuit of claim 29, wherein the first end is coupled to a first switch and the second end is coupled to a second switch,
the second control circuit is configured to switch the first switch to be coupled to a first voltage and switch the second switch to be coupled to a second voltage during a display period, and the first voltage is larger than the second voltage, and the second control circuit is configured to switch the first switch to be coupled to the synchronization signal and switch the second switch to be coupled to the synchronization signal during the touch sensing period. 35. A touch control method configured to control a touch display panel, the touch display panel comprising a substrate, a first touch sensor layer, disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of first touch sensor electrodes, wherein the first touch sensor electrodes are grouped into a plurality of touch sensor units, each touch sensor unit comprising one or more first touch sensor electrodes, and a display electrode layer, disposed between the substrate and the touch sensor layer and serving as one or more display electrodes, and the touch display panel further comprising a plurality of display pixels, each display pixel comprising at least one organic light-emitting diode, wherein the organic light-emitting diode has a first end and a second end, and at least one of the first end and the second end is formed by one of one or more display electrodes, the touch control method comprising:
providing a first driving signal to at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit, the at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes is configured to serve as a transmitting electrode during a touch sensing period; and setting at least one of the one or more display electrodes in a state capable of reducing effect of parasitic capacitances between a currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit and the at least one of the one or more display electrodes. 36. The touch control method of claim 35, wherein the display electrode layer is patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of display electrodes, wherein the display electrodes are grouped into a plurality of display units, each display unit comprising one or more display electrodes and each display unit respectively corresponding to a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units. 37. The touch control method of claim 36, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in a state capable of reducing effect of parasitic capacitances between the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit and the corresponding display unit. 38. The touch control method of claim 36, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in a synchronization state to receive a synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage difference between the synchronization signal and the first driving signal is substantially constant. 39. The touch control method of claim 38, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to at least one currently-not-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in the synchronization state. 40. The touch control method of claim 36, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in a floating state during the touch sensing period. 41. The touch control method of claim 40, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to at least one currently-not-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in the floating state. | A touch display panel including a substrate, a first touch sensor layer and a display electrode layer is provided. The first touch sensor layer is disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of first touch sensor electrodes. The first touch sensor electrodes are grouped into a plurality of touch sensor units. Each touch sensor unit includes one or more first touch sensor electrodes. At least one first touch sensor electrode of each touch sensor unit serves as a transmitting electrode during a touch sensing period. The display electrode layer is disposed between the substrate and the first touch sensor layer and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of display electrodes. The display electrodes are grouped into a plurality of display units. Each display unit includes one or more display electrodes. Each display unit is respectively corresponding to a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units.1. A touch display panel, comprising:
a substrate; a first touch sensor layer, disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of first touch sensor electrodes, wherein the first touch sensor electrodes are grouped into a plurality of touch sensor units, each touch sensor unit comprises one or more first touch sensor electrodes, and at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit is configured to serve as a transmitting electrode during a touch sensing period; and a display electrode layer, disposed between the substrate and the first touch sensor layer and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of display electrodes, wherein the display electrodes are grouped into a plurality of display units, each display unit comprises one or more display electrodes, and each display unit is respectively corresponding to a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units. 2. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panel further comprising a plurality of OLEDs, and the display electrode layer is an OLED cathode layer of the OLEDs. 3. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel further comprising a plurality of common electrodes served as the display electrode layer. 4. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein each of the touch sensor units is located above the corresponding display electrode. 5. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein each of the touch sensor units comprises a first number of one or more first touch sensor electrodes and each of the corresponding display units comprises a second number of one or more display electrodes, wherein the second number is unequal to the first number. 6. The touch display panel of claim 5, wherein the first number is greater than the second number and a respective area of each first touch sensor electrode of each touch sensor unit is smaller than a respective area of each display electrode of each display unit. 7. The touch display panel of claim 6, wherein the first number is greater than 1 and the second number is 1. 8. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein each of the touch sensor units comprises a first number of one or more first touch sensor electrodes and each of the corresponding display units comprises a second number of one or more display electrodes, wherein the second number is equal to the first number. 9. The touch display panel of claim 5, wherein a respective area of each first touch sensor electrode of each touch sensor unit is smaller than or equal to a respective area of each display electrode of each display unit. 10. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein an area of each touch sensor unit is smaller than or equal to an area of the corresponding display unit. 11. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is a self-capacitance touch display panel and each of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit serves as a transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode. 12. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is a mutual-capacitance touch display panel and at least another one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit is configured to serve as a receiving electrode. 13. The touch display panel of claim 12, wherein the transmitting electrodes and the receiving electrodes of the touch sensor units are arranged in the same direction. 14. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein the touch display panel is a mutual-capacitance touch display panel wherein each first touch sensor electrode of each touch sensor unit is configured to serve as a transmitting electrode. 15. The touch display panel of claim 14, wherein the touch display panel further comprises a second touch sensor layer, disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of second touch sensor electrodes, and each of the second touch sensor electrodes is configured to serve as a receiving electrode. 16. The touch display panel of claim 15, wherein the transmitting electrodes of the touch sensor units and the receiving electrodes are arranged in different directions. 17. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units is driven by a first driving signal to be a currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is configured to receive a synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage different between the synchronization signal and the first driving signal is substantially constant. 18. The touch display panel of claim 17, further comprising:
a plurality of display pixels, each display pixel comprising at least one organic light-emitting diode, wherein the organic light-emitting diode has a first end and a second end, and one of the first end and the second end serves as one of the display electrodes. 19. The touch display panel of claim 18, wherein the first end is coupled to a first voltage having a first voltage level, the second end is coupled to a second voltage having a second voltage level during a display period, and the first voltage level is greater than the second voltage level. 20. The touch display panel of claim 19, wherein the first end is coupled to a third voltage and the second end is coupled to a fourth voltage serving as the synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage difference between the third voltage and the synchronization signal is substantially constant. 21. The touch display panel of claim 20, wherein a level difference of a direct current (DC) level of the third voltage and a DC level of the fourth voltage is the same as a level difference of a DC level of the first voltage and a DC level of the second voltage. 22. The touch display panel of claim 18, wherein the first end is coupled to a first switch and the second end is coupled to a second switch,
the first switch is switched to be coupled to a first voltage and the second switch is switched to be coupled to a second voltage during a display period, and the first voltage is larger than the second voltage, and the first switch is switched to be coupled to the synchronization signal and the second switch is switched to be coupled to the synchronization signal during the touch sensing period. 23. The touch display panel of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to a currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is configured to be in a floating state during the touch sensing period. 24. The touch display panel of claim 23, further comprising:
a plurality of display pixels, each display pixel comprising an organic light-emitting diode, wherein the organic light-emitting diode has a first end and a second end, and one of the first end and the second end serves as one of the display electrodes. 25. The touch display panel of claim 24, wherein the first end is coupled to a first switch and the second end is coupled to a second switch, wherein
the first switch is switched to be coupled to a first voltage and the second switch is switched to be coupled to a second voltage during a display period, and the first voltage is larger than the second voltage and the first switch is switched to a high impedance end and the second switch is switched to the high impedance end during the touch sensing period. 26. A touch control circuit configured to control a touch display panel, the touch display panel comprising a substrate, a first touch sensor layer, disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of first touch sensor electrodes, wherein the first touch sensor electrodes are grouped into a plurality of touch sensor units, each touch sensor unit comprising one or more first touch sensor electrodes, and a display electrode layer, disposed between the substrate and the touch sensor layer and serving as one or more display electrodes, and the touch display panel further comprising a plurality of display pixels, each display pixel comprising at least one organic light-emitting diode, wherein the organic light-emitting diode has a first end and a second end, and at least one of the first end and the second end is formed by one of the one or more display electrodes, the touch control circuit comprising:
a first control circuit configured to provide a first driving signal to at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit, the at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes is configured to serve as a transmitting electrode during a touch sensing period; and a second control circuit configured to set at least one of the one or more display electrodes in a state capable of reducing effect of parasitic capacitances between a currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit and the at least one of the one or more display electrodes. 27. The touch control circuit of claim 26, wherein the display electrode layer is patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of display electrodes, wherein the display electrodes are grouped into a plurality of display units, each display unit comprising one or more display electrodes and each display unit respectively corresponding to a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units. 28. The touch control circuit of claim 27, wherein the second control circuit is configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in a state capable of reducing effect of parasitic capacitances between the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit and the corresponding display unit. 29. The touch control circuit of claim 28, wherein the second control circuit is configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in a synchronization state to receive a synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage difference between the synchronization signal and the first driving signal is substantially constant. 30. The touch control circuit of claim 29, wherein the second control circuit is further configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to at least one currently-not-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in the synchronization state. 31. The touch control circuit of claim 28, wherein the second control circuit is configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in a floating state during the touch sensing period. 32. The touch control circuit of claim 31, wherein the second control circuit is further configured to set each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to at least one currently-not-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit in the floating state. 33. The touch control circuit of claim 29, wherein the second control circuit is configured to control the first end to be coupled to a voltage and control the second end to be coupled to another voltage serving as the synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage difference between the voltage coupled to the first end and the synchronization signal is substantially constant. 34. The touch control circuit of claim 29, wherein the first end is coupled to a first switch and the second end is coupled to a second switch,
the second control circuit is configured to switch the first switch to be coupled to a first voltage and switch the second switch to be coupled to a second voltage during a display period, and the first voltage is larger than the second voltage, and the second control circuit is configured to switch the first switch to be coupled to the synchronization signal and switch the second switch to be coupled to the synchronization signal during the touch sensing period. 35. A touch control method configured to control a touch display panel, the touch display panel comprising a substrate, a first touch sensor layer, disposed on the substrate and patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of first touch sensor electrodes, wherein the first touch sensor electrodes are grouped into a plurality of touch sensor units, each touch sensor unit comprising one or more first touch sensor electrodes, and a display electrode layer, disposed between the substrate and the touch sensor layer and serving as one or more display electrodes, and the touch display panel further comprising a plurality of display pixels, each display pixel comprising at least one organic light-emitting diode, wherein the organic light-emitting diode has a first end and a second end, and at least one of the first end and the second end is formed by one of one or more display electrodes, the touch control method comprising:
providing a first driving signal to at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes of each touch sensor unit, the at least one of the one or more first touch sensor electrodes is configured to serve as a transmitting electrode during a touch sensing period; and setting at least one of the one or more display electrodes in a state capable of reducing effect of parasitic capacitances between a currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit and the at least one of the one or more display electrodes. 36. The touch control method of claim 35, wherein the display electrode layer is patternized into a plurality of blocks for serving as a plurality of display electrodes, wherein the display electrodes are grouped into a plurality of display units, each display unit comprising one or more display electrodes and each display unit respectively corresponding to a touch sensor unit of the plurality of touch sensor units. 37. The touch control method of claim 36, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in a state capable of reducing effect of parasitic capacitances between the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit and the corresponding display unit. 38. The touch control method of claim 36, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in a synchronization state to receive a synchronization signal during the touch sensing period, wherein a voltage difference between the synchronization signal and the first driving signal is substantially constant. 39. The touch control method of claim 38, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to at least one currently-not-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in the synchronization state. 40. The touch control method of claim 36, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to the currently-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in a floating state during the touch sensing period. 41. The touch control method of claim 40, wherein each of the one or more display electrodes of the display unit corresponding to at least one currently-not-driven-for-sensing touch sensor unit is set in the floating state. | 2,600 |
349,363 | 350,237 | 16,853,757 | 2,622 | An electronic device with multiple screens includes a first body, a second body, a keyboard, and at least one expansion module. The first body has a sliding rail assembly, a first end and a second end. The second body is rotatably connected to the first end of the first body. The sliding base is slidably connected to the sliding rail assembly of the first body. The lifting base is pivotally connected to one side of the keyboard facing the first end and is slidably connected to the sliding rail assembly. The at least one expansion module is detachably connected to the lifting base and is disposed between the second body and the keyboard. When the keyboard slides toward the second body, the sliding base is driven to move along the sliding rail assembly and away from the second end of the first body. | 1. An electronic device with multiple screens, comprising:
a first body having a sliding rail assembly, a first end and a second end; a second body rotatably connected to the first end of the first body; a keyboard having a sliding base and a lifting base, wherein the sliding base is slidably connected to the sliding rail assembly of the first body, the lifting base is pivotally connected to one side of the keyboard facing the first end and is slidable connected to the sliding rail assembly; and at least one expansion module detachably connected to the lifting base and disposed between the second body and the keyboard, wherein, when the keyboard slides towards the second body, the sliding base is driven to move along the sliding rail assembly and away from the second end of the first body, the lifting base moves along the sliding rail assembly and rotates relative to the sliding base to lift the at least one expansion module relative to the first body. 2. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, wherein the first body has a palm rest and a receiving slot, the palm rest is formed at the second end of the first body, and the receiving slot is formed between the first end and the second end, an end portion of the keyboard away from the second body is adapted to enter the receiving slot and aligned with the palm rest. 3. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 2, wherein the sliding rail assembly has a first moving slot and a lifting slot, the sliding base has a first driving rod disposed through the first moving slot, the lifting base has a third driving rod disposed through the lifting slot. 4. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 3, wherein the first moving slot has a first translating section and a sinking section, and the first driving rod is adapted to move from the first translating section to the sinking section, so that the keyboard translates along the palm rest and enters the receiving slot, the lifting slot has a rising section and a second translating section, and the third driving rod moves along the rising section such that the at least one expansion module moves away from the receiving slot and forms an angle with the keyboard. 5. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 3, wherein the lifting slot has a rising section and a second translating section, the rising section or the second translating section are adjacent to the first end of the first body. 6. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 3, wherein the sliding rail assembly has a second moving slot disposed between the first moving slot and the lifting slot, and the sliding base has a second driving rod disposed through the second moving slot. 7. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 6, wherein the second moving slot is formed obliquely at the sliding rail assembly, and a vertical height of the second moving slot relative to a bottom portion of the sliding rail assembly extends toward the first end and gradually increases. 8. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, further comprising a restoring member disposed in the first body and connected to the keyboard, and when the second body rotates toward the first body, the second body is adapted to unlock the restoring member, so that the keyboard slides along the sliding rail assembly to cover the second end of the first body. 9. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 8, wherein the restoring member has two stroke levers, a sliding linkage, a position-limiting linkage, a torsion spring, and an elastic member, and the two stroke levers are fixed in the first body and spaced apart from each other, the sliding linkage is slidably arranged between the two stroke levers, the position-limiting linkage is pivotally connected to the first body, the torsion spring is arranged in the position-limiting linkage and drives the position-limiting linkage to be engaged with the sliding linkage, and both ends of the elastic member are respectively connected to the sliding linkage and the first body and provide an elastic force toward the second end. 10. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 9, wherein the second body has a pushing block aligned with the position-limiting linkage, and when the first body and the second body are opened with respect to each other to an angle, the pushing block moves away from the position-limiting linkage, and when the second body and the first body are closed with respect to each other and smaller than the angle, the pushing block drives the position-limiting linkage to be separated from the sliding linkage. 11. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 9, wherein the position-limiting linkage has a hook, and the sliding linkage has a recess, and the hook and the recess are adapted to be engaged with each other. 12. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, wherein the at least one expansion module has an engaging slot, and the lifting base has an engaging member, and the engaging member and the engaging slot are engaged with each other. 13. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of magnetic members respectively disposed at the at least one expansion module and the lifting base, and the corresponding magnetic members are magnetically attracted to each other. 14. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 13, wherein the number of the at least one expansion module is two, and when the expansion modules are detached from the lifting base, the expansion modules are adapted to magnetically attract each other to form a triangular structure. 15. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 13, wherein the at least one expansion module has a foldable stand and a connection port, the foldable stand is disposed on a bottom surface of the at least one expansion module, and the connection port is arranged on one side surface of the at least one expansion module. 16. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, wherein the at least one expansion module comprises a memory, a mouse, a display screen, a hard disk, or a speaker. | An electronic device with multiple screens includes a first body, a second body, a keyboard, and at least one expansion module. The first body has a sliding rail assembly, a first end and a second end. The second body is rotatably connected to the first end of the first body. The sliding base is slidably connected to the sliding rail assembly of the first body. The lifting base is pivotally connected to one side of the keyboard facing the first end and is slidably connected to the sliding rail assembly. The at least one expansion module is detachably connected to the lifting base and is disposed between the second body and the keyboard. When the keyboard slides toward the second body, the sliding base is driven to move along the sliding rail assembly and away from the second end of the first body.1. An electronic device with multiple screens, comprising:
a first body having a sliding rail assembly, a first end and a second end; a second body rotatably connected to the first end of the first body; a keyboard having a sliding base and a lifting base, wherein the sliding base is slidably connected to the sliding rail assembly of the first body, the lifting base is pivotally connected to one side of the keyboard facing the first end and is slidable connected to the sliding rail assembly; and at least one expansion module detachably connected to the lifting base and disposed between the second body and the keyboard, wherein, when the keyboard slides towards the second body, the sliding base is driven to move along the sliding rail assembly and away from the second end of the first body, the lifting base moves along the sliding rail assembly and rotates relative to the sliding base to lift the at least one expansion module relative to the first body. 2. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, wherein the first body has a palm rest and a receiving slot, the palm rest is formed at the second end of the first body, and the receiving slot is formed between the first end and the second end, an end portion of the keyboard away from the second body is adapted to enter the receiving slot and aligned with the palm rest. 3. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 2, wherein the sliding rail assembly has a first moving slot and a lifting slot, the sliding base has a first driving rod disposed through the first moving slot, the lifting base has a third driving rod disposed through the lifting slot. 4. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 3, wherein the first moving slot has a first translating section and a sinking section, and the first driving rod is adapted to move from the first translating section to the sinking section, so that the keyboard translates along the palm rest and enters the receiving slot, the lifting slot has a rising section and a second translating section, and the third driving rod moves along the rising section such that the at least one expansion module moves away from the receiving slot and forms an angle with the keyboard. 5. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 3, wherein the lifting slot has a rising section and a second translating section, the rising section or the second translating section are adjacent to the first end of the first body. 6. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 3, wherein the sliding rail assembly has a second moving slot disposed between the first moving slot and the lifting slot, and the sliding base has a second driving rod disposed through the second moving slot. 7. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 6, wherein the second moving slot is formed obliquely at the sliding rail assembly, and a vertical height of the second moving slot relative to a bottom portion of the sliding rail assembly extends toward the first end and gradually increases. 8. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, further comprising a restoring member disposed in the first body and connected to the keyboard, and when the second body rotates toward the first body, the second body is adapted to unlock the restoring member, so that the keyboard slides along the sliding rail assembly to cover the second end of the first body. 9. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 8, wherein the restoring member has two stroke levers, a sliding linkage, a position-limiting linkage, a torsion spring, and an elastic member, and the two stroke levers are fixed in the first body and spaced apart from each other, the sliding linkage is slidably arranged between the two stroke levers, the position-limiting linkage is pivotally connected to the first body, the torsion spring is arranged in the position-limiting linkage and drives the position-limiting linkage to be engaged with the sliding linkage, and both ends of the elastic member are respectively connected to the sliding linkage and the first body and provide an elastic force toward the second end. 10. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 9, wherein the second body has a pushing block aligned with the position-limiting linkage, and when the first body and the second body are opened with respect to each other to an angle, the pushing block moves away from the position-limiting linkage, and when the second body and the first body are closed with respect to each other and smaller than the angle, the pushing block drives the position-limiting linkage to be separated from the sliding linkage. 11. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 9, wherein the position-limiting linkage has a hook, and the sliding linkage has a recess, and the hook and the recess are adapted to be engaged with each other. 12. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, wherein the at least one expansion module has an engaging slot, and the lifting base has an engaging member, and the engaging member and the engaging slot are engaged with each other. 13. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of magnetic members respectively disposed at the at least one expansion module and the lifting base, and the corresponding magnetic members are magnetically attracted to each other. 14. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 13, wherein the number of the at least one expansion module is two, and when the expansion modules are detached from the lifting base, the expansion modules are adapted to magnetically attract each other to form a triangular structure. 15. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 13, wherein the at least one expansion module has a foldable stand and a connection port, the foldable stand is disposed on a bottom surface of the at least one expansion module, and the connection port is arranged on one side surface of the at least one expansion module. 16. The electronic device with multiple screens according to claim 1, wherein the at least one expansion module comprises a memory, a mouse, a display screen, a hard disk, or a speaker. | 2,600 |
349,364 | 350,238 | 16,853,750 | 2,457 | The present invention discloses methods and systems for configuring a second system. The system of the present invention determines at least one configuration and the identity information of the second system. The at least one configuration is then sent to the second system. The second system is configured with the at least one configuration. The at least one configuration can be sent through an SMS message, a USB modem plugged in the second system, or NFC. Additionally, the at least one configuration may comprise an APN. The at least one configuration may also be used to configure the second system to establish one or more VPN connections. | 1. A method performed by a network node, wherein the network node comprises a plurality of cellular modems, the method comprising:
(a) sending a configuration request to a server through a first cellular modem; (b) receiving a configuration through the first cellular modem; (c) validating the configuration; (d) configuring the network node according to the configuration; (e) performing network functions; and
wherein the configuration is based on identity information of the network node or at least one cellular modem of the plurality of cellular modems;
wherein the configuration comprises a configuration for a second cellular modem; and
wherein the plurality of cellular modem comprises the first cellular modem and the second cellular modem. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration is received through a Short Message Service (SMS); wherein the server is capable of receiving SMS; and wherein the configuration is retrieved at the server based on identity of the network node. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is sent through a SMS; and wherein the request comprises a request for Access Point Name (APN) information. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the network node is initially not connected to the Internet before receiving the configuration. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising starting to receive and transmit data packets after step (e) is performed. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is sent after receiving an instruction from an administrator. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration is used to configure the network node to establish one or more Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration is used to configure the network node to connect to the Internet through at least two of the plurality of the cellular modems. 9. A method performed by a server, wherein the server comprises at least one cellular modem, the method comprising:
(a) sending a configuration to a network node; wherein the network node comprises a plurality of cellular modems;
wherein the configuration comprises configurations for a plurality of cellular modems;
wherein the configuration is retrieved based on identity information of the network node; and
wherein the plurality of cellular modem comprises the first cellular modem and the second cellular modem. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration is sent to at least two cellular modems of the network node. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration is sent to one cellular modem of the network node. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration is sent after receiving a request from the network node. 13. A network node, comprising:
a plurality of cellular modems; at least one processing unit; at least one main memory; and at least one secondary storage storing program instructions executable by the at least one processing unit for:
(a) sending a configuration request to a server through a first cellular modem;
(b) receiving a configuration through the first cellular modem;
(c) validating the configuration;
(d) configuring the network node according to the configuration;
(e) performing network functions; and
wherein the configuration is based on identity information of the network node or at least one cellular modem of the plurality of cellular modems; wherein the configuration comprises a configuration for a second cellular modem; and wherein the plurality of cellular modem comprises the first cellular modem and the second cellular modem. 14. The network node of claim 13, wherein the configuration is received through a Short Message Service (SMS); wherein the server is capable of receiving SMS; and wherein the configuration is retrieved at the server based on identity of the network node. 15. The network node of claim 13, wherein the request is sent through a SMS; and wherein the request comprises a request for Access Point Name (APN) information. 16. The network node of claim 13, wherein the network node is initially not connected to the Internet before receiving the configuration. 17. The network node of claim 16, wherein the at least one secondary storage further stores program instructions executable by the at least one processing unit for starting to receive and transmit data packets after step (e) is performed. 18. The network node of claim 13, wherein the request is sent after receiving an instruction from an administrator. 19. The network node of claim 13, wherein the configuration is used to configure the network node to establish one or more Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections. 20. The network node of claim 13, wherein the configuration is used to configure the network node to connect to the Internet through at least two of the plurality of the cellular modems. | The present invention discloses methods and systems for configuring a second system. The system of the present invention determines at least one configuration and the identity information of the second system. The at least one configuration is then sent to the second system. The second system is configured with the at least one configuration. The at least one configuration can be sent through an SMS message, a USB modem plugged in the second system, or NFC. Additionally, the at least one configuration may comprise an APN. The at least one configuration may also be used to configure the second system to establish one or more VPN connections.1. A method performed by a network node, wherein the network node comprises a plurality of cellular modems, the method comprising:
(a) sending a configuration request to a server through a first cellular modem; (b) receiving a configuration through the first cellular modem; (c) validating the configuration; (d) configuring the network node according to the configuration; (e) performing network functions; and
wherein the configuration is based on identity information of the network node or at least one cellular modem of the plurality of cellular modems;
wherein the configuration comprises a configuration for a second cellular modem; and
wherein the plurality of cellular modem comprises the first cellular modem and the second cellular modem. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration is received through a Short Message Service (SMS); wherein the server is capable of receiving SMS; and wherein the configuration is retrieved at the server based on identity of the network node. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is sent through a SMS; and wherein the request comprises a request for Access Point Name (APN) information. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the network node is initially not connected to the Internet before receiving the configuration. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising starting to receive and transmit data packets after step (e) is performed. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the request is sent after receiving an instruction from an administrator. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration is used to configure the network node to establish one or more Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration is used to configure the network node to connect to the Internet through at least two of the plurality of the cellular modems. 9. A method performed by a server, wherein the server comprises at least one cellular modem, the method comprising:
(a) sending a configuration to a network node; wherein the network node comprises a plurality of cellular modems;
wherein the configuration comprises configurations for a plurality of cellular modems;
wherein the configuration is retrieved based on identity information of the network node; and
wherein the plurality of cellular modem comprises the first cellular modem and the second cellular modem. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration is sent to at least two cellular modems of the network node. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration is sent to one cellular modem of the network node. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration is sent after receiving a request from the network node. 13. A network node, comprising:
a plurality of cellular modems; at least one processing unit; at least one main memory; and at least one secondary storage storing program instructions executable by the at least one processing unit for:
(a) sending a configuration request to a server through a first cellular modem;
(b) receiving a configuration through the first cellular modem;
(c) validating the configuration;
(d) configuring the network node according to the configuration;
(e) performing network functions; and
wherein the configuration is based on identity information of the network node or at least one cellular modem of the plurality of cellular modems; wherein the configuration comprises a configuration for a second cellular modem; and wherein the plurality of cellular modem comprises the first cellular modem and the second cellular modem. 14. The network node of claim 13, wherein the configuration is received through a Short Message Service (SMS); wherein the server is capable of receiving SMS; and wherein the configuration is retrieved at the server based on identity of the network node. 15. The network node of claim 13, wherein the request is sent through a SMS; and wherein the request comprises a request for Access Point Name (APN) information. 16. The network node of claim 13, wherein the network node is initially not connected to the Internet before receiving the configuration. 17. The network node of claim 16, wherein the at least one secondary storage further stores program instructions executable by the at least one processing unit for starting to receive and transmit data packets after step (e) is performed. 18. The network node of claim 13, wherein the request is sent after receiving an instruction from an administrator. 19. The network node of claim 13, wherein the configuration is used to configure the network node to establish one or more Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections. 20. The network node of claim 13, wherein the configuration is used to configure the network node to connect to the Internet through at least two of the plurality of the cellular modems. | 2,400 |
349,365 | 350,239 | 16,853,760 | 2,694 | A gate driving circuit, a TFT array substrate and a display device are provided by the present disclosure, wherein five switches are provided in the gate driving circuit and a control signal is used to directly or indirectly control the five switches, and further control scanning range of the gate driving circuit. | 1. A gate driving circuit, comprising: a plurality of cascaded shift register units, a start signal line, and a scanning interval selection circuit;
wherein the scanning interval selection circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, and a fifth switch, a switch control signal line, a high-level signal line, and a low-level signal line, a source of the first switch and a source of the third switch being connected to the start signal line, a drain of the first switch being connected to an input terminal of a first stage shift register unit, a drain of the third switch being connected to an input terminal of an A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the second switch being connected to an output terminal of an (A−1)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the second switch being connected to the input terminal of the A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the fourth switch being connected to an output terminal of a (A+N)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the fourth switch being connected to an input terminal of an (A+N+1)th stage shift register unit, a source of the fifth switch being connected to the high-level signal line, and a drain of the fifth switch being connected to the low-level signal line; gates of the first switch, the second switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all connected to the switch control signal line, the switch control signal line is configured to transmit a first switch control signal, a second switch control signal that is reverse to the first switch control signal is generated after the first switch control signal passes through the fifth switch, and a gate of the third switch is configured to receive the second switch control signal; wherein, A is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N is an integer greater than 1. 2. The gate driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all PMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the drain of the fifth switch. 3. The gate driving circuit according to claim 2, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the drain of the fifth switch and the low-level signal line. 4. The gate driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all NMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the source of the fifth switch. 5. The gate driving circuit according to claim 4, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the high-level signal line and the source of the fifth switch. 6. A TFT array substrate, comprising a gate driving circuit, wherein the gate driving circuit comprises:
a plurality of cascaded shift register units, a start signal line, and a scanning interval selection circuit; wherein the scanning interval selection circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, and a fifth switch, a switch control signal line, a high-level signal line, and a low-level signal line, a source of the first switch and a source of the third switch being connected to the start signal line, a drain of the first switch being connected to an input terminal of a first stage shift register unit, a drain of the third switch being connected to an input terminal of an A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the second switch being connected to an output terminal of an (A−1)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the second switch being connected to the input terminal of the A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the fourth switch being connected to an output terminal of a (A+N)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the fourth switch being connected to an input terminal of an (A+N+1)th stage shift register unit, a source of the fifth switch being connected to the high-level signal line, and a drain of the fifth switch being connected to the low-level signal line; gates of the first switch, the second switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all connected to the switch control signal line, the switch control signal line is configured to transmit a first switch control signal, a second switch control signal that is reverse to the first switch control signal is generated after the first switch control signal passes through the fifth switch, and a gate of the third switch is configured to receive the second switch control signal; wherein, A is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N is an integer greater than 1. 7. The TFT array substrate according to claim 6, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all PMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the drain of the fifth switch. 8. The TFT array substrate according to claim 7, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the drain of the fifth switch and the low-level signal line. 9. The TFT array substrate according to claim 6, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all NMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the source of the fifth switch. 10. The TFT array substrate according to claim 9, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the high-level signal line and the source of the fifth switch. 11. A display device, comprising a TFT array substrate having a gate driving circuit, wherein the gate driving circuit comprises:
a plurality of cascaded shift register units, a start signal line, and a scanning interval selection circuit; wherein the scanning interval selection circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, and a fifth switch, a switch control signal line, a high-level signal line, and a low-level signal line, a source of the first switch and a source of the third switch being connected to the start signal line, a drain of the first switch being connected to an input terminal of a first stage shift register unit, a drain of the third switch being connected to an input terminal of an A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the second switch being connected to an output terminal of an (A−1)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the second switch being connected to the input terminal of the A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the fourth switch being connected to an output terminal of a (A+N)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the fourth switch being connected to an input terminal of an (A+N+1)th stage shift register unit, a source of the fifth switch being connected to the high-level signal line, and a drain of the fifth switch being connected to the low-level signal line; gates of the first switch, the second switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all connected to the switch control signal line, the switch control signal line is configured to transmit a first switch control signal, a second switch control signal that is reverse to the first switch control signal is generated after the first switch control signal passes through the fifth switch, and a gate of the third switch is configured to receive the second switch control signal; wherein, A is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N is an integer greater than 1. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all PMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the drain of the fifth switch. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the drain of the fifth switch and the low-level signal line. 14. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all NMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the source of the fifth switch. 15. The display device according to claim 14, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the high-level signal line and the source of the fifth switch. | A gate driving circuit, a TFT array substrate and a display device are provided by the present disclosure, wherein five switches are provided in the gate driving circuit and a control signal is used to directly or indirectly control the five switches, and further control scanning range of the gate driving circuit.1. A gate driving circuit, comprising: a plurality of cascaded shift register units, a start signal line, and a scanning interval selection circuit;
wherein the scanning interval selection circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, and a fifth switch, a switch control signal line, a high-level signal line, and a low-level signal line, a source of the first switch and a source of the third switch being connected to the start signal line, a drain of the first switch being connected to an input terminal of a first stage shift register unit, a drain of the third switch being connected to an input terminal of an A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the second switch being connected to an output terminal of an (A−1)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the second switch being connected to the input terminal of the A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the fourth switch being connected to an output terminal of a (A+N)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the fourth switch being connected to an input terminal of an (A+N+1)th stage shift register unit, a source of the fifth switch being connected to the high-level signal line, and a drain of the fifth switch being connected to the low-level signal line; gates of the first switch, the second switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all connected to the switch control signal line, the switch control signal line is configured to transmit a first switch control signal, a second switch control signal that is reverse to the first switch control signal is generated after the first switch control signal passes through the fifth switch, and a gate of the third switch is configured to receive the second switch control signal; wherein, A is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N is an integer greater than 1. 2. The gate driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all PMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the drain of the fifth switch. 3. The gate driving circuit according to claim 2, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the drain of the fifth switch and the low-level signal line. 4. The gate driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all NMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the source of the fifth switch. 5. The gate driving circuit according to claim 4, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the high-level signal line and the source of the fifth switch. 6. A TFT array substrate, comprising a gate driving circuit, wherein the gate driving circuit comprises:
a plurality of cascaded shift register units, a start signal line, and a scanning interval selection circuit; wherein the scanning interval selection circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, and a fifth switch, a switch control signal line, a high-level signal line, and a low-level signal line, a source of the first switch and a source of the third switch being connected to the start signal line, a drain of the first switch being connected to an input terminal of a first stage shift register unit, a drain of the third switch being connected to an input terminal of an A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the second switch being connected to an output terminal of an (A−1)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the second switch being connected to the input terminal of the A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the fourth switch being connected to an output terminal of a (A+N)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the fourth switch being connected to an input terminal of an (A+N+1)th stage shift register unit, a source of the fifth switch being connected to the high-level signal line, and a drain of the fifth switch being connected to the low-level signal line; gates of the first switch, the second switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all connected to the switch control signal line, the switch control signal line is configured to transmit a first switch control signal, a second switch control signal that is reverse to the first switch control signal is generated after the first switch control signal passes through the fifth switch, and a gate of the third switch is configured to receive the second switch control signal; wherein, A is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N is an integer greater than 1. 7. The TFT array substrate according to claim 6, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all PMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the drain of the fifth switch. 8. The TFT array substrate according to claim 7, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the drain of the fifth switch and the low-level signal line. 9. The TFT array substrate according to claim 6, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all NMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the source of the fifth switch. 10. The TFT array substrate according to claim 9, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the high-level signal line and the source of the fifth switch. 11. A display device, comprising a TFT array substrate having a gate driving circuit, wherein the gate driving circuit comprises:
a plurality of cascaded shift register units, a start signal line, and a scanning interval selection circuit; wherein the scanning interval selection circuit comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, and a fifth switch, a switch control signal line, a high-level signal line, and a low-level signal line, a source of the first switch and a source of the third switch being connected to the start signal line, a drain of the first switch being connected to an input terminal of a first stage shift register unit, a drain of the third switch being connected to an input terminal of an A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the second switch being connected to an output terminal of an (A−1)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the second switch being connected to the input terminal of the A-th stage shift register unit, a source of the fourth switch being connected to an output terminal of a (A+N)th stage shift register unit, a drain of the fourth switch being connected to an input terminal of an (A+N+1)th stage shift register unit, a source of the fifth switch being connected to the high-level signal line, and a drain of the fifth switch being connected to the low-level signal line; gates of the first switch, the second switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all connected to the switch control signal line, the switch control signal line is configured to transmit a first switch control signal, a second switch control signal that is reverse to the first switch control signal is generated after the first switch control signal passes through the fifth switch, and a gate of the third switch is configured to receive the second switch control signal; wherein, A is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N is an integer greater than 1. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all PMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the drain of the fifth switch. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the drain of the fifth switch and the low-level signal line. 14. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, the first switch, the second switch, the third switch, the fourth switch, and the fifth switch are all NMOS transistors, and the gate of the third switch is connected to the source of the fifth switch. 15. The display device according to claim 14, wherein, the scanning interval selection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor is connected between the high-level signal line and the source of the fifth switch. | 2,600 |
349,366 | 350,240 | 16,853,756 | 2,694 | A light-emitting device includes a mounting substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the mounting substrate having a first end portion at an end of the mounting substrate; light-emitting elements mounted on the first surface of the mounting substrate other than the first end portion; first terminals provided on the first surface at the first end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements; and second terminals provided on the second surface at the first end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements. | 1. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a mounting substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the mounting substrate having a first end portion at an end of the mounting substrate; light-emitting elements mounted on the first surface of the mounting substrate other than the first end portion; first terminals provided on the first surface at the first end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements; and second terminals provided on the second surface at the first end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting elements are arranged along a first direction and a second direction to form a matrix configuration, the first direction extending along an edge of the first end portion, the second direction crossing the first direction. 3. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a heat dissipation member contacting the second surface of the mounting substrate. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein
the first terminals are arranged in one column along an edge of the first end portion, and the second terminals are arranged in one column along the edge of the first end portion. 5. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a connection member provided at an end surface of the first end portion to connect the first terminals to the second terminals. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein a total number of the first terminals and the second terminals is 2 times a number of the light-emitting elements. 7. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
third terminals provided on the first surface at a second end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements, the second end portion being different from the first end portion; and fourth terminals provided on the second surface at the second end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein
the third terminals are arranged in one column along an edge of the second end portion, and the fourth terminals are arranged in one column along the edge of the second end portion. 9. The device according to claim 7, wherein a total number of the first terminals, the second terminals, the third terminals, and the fourth terminals is 2 times a number of the light-emitting elements. 10. The device according to claim 7, wherein
the mounting substrate has a rectangular plate configuration, and the second end portion is positioned at a side opposite to the first end portion. 11. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a mounting substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the mounting substrate having a first end portion at an end of the mounting substrate; light-emitting elements mounted at the first surface of the mounting substrate; and a first terminal provided at the first end portion of the mounting substrate, exposed at the first surface and the second surface, and connected to at least one of the light-emitting elements. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein
the first terminal includes:
a first part provided at the first surface;
a second part provided at the second surface; and
a via provided in the first end portion and connected to the first part and the second part. 13. The device according to claim 11, wherein
the first terminal includes:
a first part provided at the first surface;
a second part provided at the second surface; and
a third part provided at an end surface of the first end portion and connected to the first part and the second part. 14. The device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a second terminal provided at a second end portion of the mounting substrate, exposed at the first surface and the second surface, and connected to at least one of the light-emitting elements, the second end portion being different from the first end portion. 15. A light-emitting module, comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 1; and a first connector clamping the first end portion of the mounting substrate, including a first lead connected to the first terminals, and including a second lead connected to the second terminals. 16. A light-emitting module, comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 7; a first connector clamping the first end portion of the mounting substrate, including a first lead connected to the first terminals, and including a second lead connected to the second terminals; and a second connector clamping the second end portion of the mounting substrate, including a third lead connected to the third terminals, and including a fourth lead connected to the fourth terminals. | A light-emitting device includes a mounting substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the mounting substrate having a first end portion at an end of the mounting substrate; light-emitting elements mounted on the first surface of the mounting substrate other than the first end portion; first terminals provided on the first surface at the first end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements; and second terminals provided on the second surface at the first end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements.1. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a mounting substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the mounting substrate having a first end portion at an end of the mounting substrate; light-emitting elements mounted on the first surface of the mounting substrate other than the first end portion; first terminals provided on the first surface at the first end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements; and second terminals provided on the second surface at the first end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting elements are arranged along a first direction and a second direction to form a matrix configuration, the first direction extending along an edge of the first end portion, the second direction crossing the first direction. 3. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a heat dissipation member contacting the second surface of the mounting substrate. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein
the first terminals are arranged in one column along an edge of the first end portion, and the second terminals are arranged in one column along the edge of the first end portion. 5. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a connection member provided at an end surface of the first end portion to connect the first terminals to the second terminals. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein a total number of the first terminals and the second terminals is 2 times a number of the light-emitting elements. 7. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
third terminals provided on the first surface at a second end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements, the second end portion being different from the first end portion; and fourth terminals provided on the second surface at the second end portion of the mounting substrate and connected to the light-emitting elements. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein
the third terminals are arranged in one column along an edge of the second end portion, and the fourth terminals are arranged in one column along the edge of the second end portion. 9. The device according to claim 7, wherein a total number of the first terminals, the second terminals, the third terminals, and the fourth terminals is 2 times a number of the light-emitting elements. 10. The device according to claim 7, wherein
the mounting substrate has a rectangular plate configuration, and the second end portion is positioned at a side opposite to the first end portion. 11. A light-emitting device, comprising:
a mounting substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the mounting substrate having a first end portion at an end of the mounting substrate; light-emitting elements mounted at the first surface of the mounting substrate; and a first terminal provided at the first end portion of the mounting substrate, exposed at the first surface and the second surface, and connected to at least one of the light-emitting elements. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein
the first terminal includes:
a first part provided at the first surface;
a second part provided at the second surface; and
a via provided in the first end portion and connected to the first part and the second part. 13. The device according to claim 11, wherein
the first terminal includes:
a first part provided at the first surface;
a second part provided at the second surface; and
a third part provided at an end surface of the first end portion and connected to the first part and the second part. 14. The device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a second terminal provided at a second end portion of the mounting substrate, exposed at the first surface and the second surface, and connected to at least one of the light-emitting elements, the second end portion being different from the first end portion. 15. A light-emitting module, comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 1; and a first connector clamping the first end portion of the mounting substrate, including a first lead connected to the first terminals, and including a second lead connected to the second terminals. 16. A light-emitting module, comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 7; a first connector clamping the first end portion of the mounting substrate, including a first lead connected to the first terminals, and including a second lead connected to the second terminals; and a second connector clamping the second end portion of the mounting substrate, including a third lead connected to the third terminals, and including a fourth lead connected to the fourth terminals. | 2,600 |
349,367 | 350,241 | 16,853,792 | 1,628 | The present invention relates to the field of therapeutic methods, compositions and uses thereof, that affect, directly or indirectly, the behavior of LRP receptors. These compositions and methods result in the treatment of inflammatory, immunological and metabolic conditions. More particularly, the methods and compositions of the invention are directed to the identification of small molecules, drugs and/or pharmacological agents that affect the Wnt pathway by affecting normal complex formation among various signaling receptors, the LRP5 and LRP6 receptor, and related ligands. | 1. A method for reducing inflammatory cytokine activity in a human patient, comprising:
administering to a human patient in need of reduction of inflammatory cytokine activity a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of digallic acid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein one or both of IL-6 and TNF-α are reduced as a result of said administration. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein IL-6 is reduced as a result of said administration. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein TNF-α is reduced as a result of said administration. | The present invention relates to the field of therapeutic methods, compositions and uses thereof, that affect, directly or indirectly, the behavior of LRP receptors. These compositions and methods result in the treatment of inflammatory, immunological and metabolic conditions. More particularly, the methods and compositions of the invention are directed to the identification of small molecules, drugs and/or pharmacological agents that affect the Wnt pathway by affecting normal complex formation among various signaling receptors, the LRP5 and LRP6 receptor, and related ligands.1. A method for reducing inflammatory cytokine activity in a human patient, comprising:
administering to a human patient in need of reduction of inflammatory cytokine activity a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of digallic acid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein one or both of IL-6 and TNF-α are reduced as a result of said administration. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein IL-6 is reduced as a result of said administration. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein TNF-α is reduced as a result of said administration. | 1,600 |
349,368 | 350,242 | 16,853,782 | 1,628 | The present disclosure discloses a machine learning-based method for defending a voice assistant from being controlled by an inaudible command, including following steps: 1) collecting data of positive and negative samples, 2) performing data segmentation on data of the positive and negative samples; 3) selecting and normalizing sample features; 4) selecting a classifier to be trained and generate a detection model for a malicious voice command; 5) detecting a voice command to be detected by the detection model. The present disclosure selects an original feature selection method, and for smart devices of different types, it is necessary to obtain normal voice commands and malicious voice commands by means of a smart device of this type, and use them as the positive and negative samples to train a specific classifier for the device. Such a customized approach can well solve a problem that detection and defense between devices cannot work. | 1. A method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning, comprising steps of:
1) collecting data of positive and negative samples; 2) performing data segmentation on the collected data of the positive and negative samples; 3) selecting and normalizing sample features; wherein features are selected from voice data, and the features comprise: a minimum value, an average value, energy, skewness, kurtosis, spectrum mean, spectrum variance, spectrum standard deviation, irregularity, square root amplitude, spectrum centroid, the selected 11 features constitute a feature vector, and the feature vector replaces the collected voice data as input information in a subsequent process; normalization processing is performed on the feature vector of the samples, a maximum value of each sample feature is set to 1, the normalization processing has an input being a time domain frequency domain feature of each sample, and an output being a normalized time domain frequency domain feature; finally, normalized time-frequency domain features are labeled, wherein a label of a normal voice command feature is 1 and a label of a malicious voice feature is 0; 4) using the normalized and labeled time domain frequency domain features as a model input, performing training and generating a detection model for detecting a malicious voice command; and 5) detecting, by the detection model obtained by the training in the step 4), a voice command to be detected. 2. The method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning according to claim 1, wherein the respective features are defined as follows: 3. The method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning according to claim 1, wherein the “performing training and generating a detection model for detecting a malicious voice command” in step 4) comprises: selecting a machine learning algorithm to perform training and generating a detection model for detecting a malicious voice command. 4. The method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning according to claim 1, wherein generation of the collected negative sample in the step 1) comprises: modulating, by a signal generator, a voice of the positive sample to an ultrasound band, playing it out through an ultrasonic speaker, in which a modulation manner is an amplitude modulation, a modulation depth is 100% and a carrier frequency is within a range of 20-45 kHz; and then, recording malicious voice signals, which are obtained by demodulating, as the data of the negative sample. 5. The method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning according to claim 1, wherein the data segmentation comprises: segmenting obtained sound data by a length of 20 ms; and then determining that a beginning position of a first segment is a beginning position of an entire sentence if signal intensities E=Σi=0 nx1 2 of four consecutive segments are larger than a threshold, where xi is a value of an ith data point, and determining that the beginning position of the first segment is an end position of the entire sentence if the signal intensities of the four consecutive segments are smaller than the threshold; and then segmenting the voice command based on the beginning position and the end position. | The present disclosure discloses a machine learning-based method for defending a voice assistant from being controlled by an inaudible command, including following steps: 1) collecting data of positive and negative samples, 2) performing data segmentation on data of the positive and negative samples; 3) selecting and normalizing sample features; 4) selecting a classifier to be trained and generate a detection model for a malicious voice command; 5) detecting a voice command to be detected by the detection model. The present disclosure selects an original feature selection method, and for smart devices of different types, it is necessary to obtain normal voice commands and malicious voice commands by means of a smart device of this type, and use them as the positive and negative samples to train a specific classifier for the device. Such a customized approach can well solve a problem that detection and defense between devices cannot work.1. A method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning, comprising steps of:
1) collecting data of positive and negative samples; 2) performing data segmentation on the collected data of the positive and negative samples; 3) selecting and normalizing sample features; wherein features are selected from voice data, and the features comprise: a minimum value, an average value, energy, skewness, kurtosis, spectrum mean, spectrum variance, spectrum standard deviation, irregularity, square root amplitude, spectrum centroid, the selected 11 features constitute a feature vector, and the feature vector replaces the collected voice data as input information in a subsequent process; normalization processing is performed on the feature vector of the samples, a maximum value of each sample feature is set to 1, the normalization processing has an input being a time domain frequency domain feature of each sample, and an output being a normalized time domain frequency domain feature; finally, normalized time-frequency domain features are labeled, wherein a label of a normal voice command feature is 1 and a label of a malicious voice feature is 0; 4) using the normalized and labeled time domain frequency domain features as a model input, performing training and generating a detection model for detecting a malicious voice command; and 5) detecting, by the detection model obtained by the training in the step 4), a voice command to be detected. 2. The method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning according to claim 1, wherein the respective features are defined as follows: 3. The method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning according to claim 1, wherein the “performing training and generating a detection model for detecting a malicious voice command” in step 4) comprises: selecting a machine learning algorithm to perform training and generating a detection model for detecting a malicious voice command. 4. The method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning according to claim 1, wherein generation of the collected negative sample in the step 1) comprises: modulating, by a signal generator, a voice of the positive sample to an ultrasound band, playing it out through an ultrasonic speaker, in which a modulation manner is an amplitude modulation, a modulation depth is 100% and a carrier frequency is within a range of 20-45 kHz; and then, recording malicious voice signals, which are obtained by demodulating, as the data of the negative sample. 5. The method of defending against inaudible attacks on voice assistant based on machine learning according to claim 1, wherein the data segmentation comprises: segmenting obtained sound data by a length of 20 ms; and then determining that a beginning position of a first segment is a beginning position of an entire sentence if signal intensities E=Σi=0 nx1 2 of four consecutive segments are larger than a threshold, where xi is a value of an ith data point, and determining that the beginning position of the first segment is an end position of the entire sentence if the signal intensities of the four consecutive segments are smaller than the threshold; and then segmenting the voice command based on the beginning position and the end position. | 1,600 |
349,369 | 350,243 | 16,853,788 | 1,628 | An electrical system comprises a first structure, an element or a bus of an electrical structure that conducts electricity and configured to flow electric current therethrough. The electrical system further comprises an extended second structure that extends past an adjoining section of the electrical structure with current flow and that acts as a heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the heat sink allows for heat to move through the heat sink but with no current flow through the heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the extended second structure. The heat sink is a bus section of the bus such that both of them are in a one-piece form. | 1. A switchboard, comprising:
a main section having a three-phase bus structure, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
an upper level through bus with an upper level through bus phase A;
a lower level through bus with a lower level through bus phase A;
a top horizontal bus with a first bus section connecting a first bus portion with a first extended bus portion and the upper level through bus phase A, wherein the first extended bus portion is positioned beyond a first connection joint between the first bus section and the first bus portion,
wherein the first extended bus portion acts as a first heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the first heat sink allows for heat to move through the first heat sink but with no current flow through the first heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the first extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a first adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow; and
a bottom horizontal bus with a second bus section connecting a second bus portion with a second extended bus portion and the lower level through bus phase A, wherein the second extended bus portion is positioned beyond a second connection joint between the second bus section and the second bus portion. 2. The switchboard of claim 1, wherein the second extended bus portion acts as a second heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the second heat sink allows for heat to move through the second heat sink but with no current flow through the second heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the second extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a second adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow. 3. The switchboard of claim 1, wherein the first heat sink is configured as a first fin with its surface area exposed to an ambient air and thereby allowing for bus generated heat to be transferred to the ambient air. 4. The switchboard of claim 1, wherein the second heat sink is configured as a second fin with its surface area exposed to an ambient air and thereby allowing for bus generated heat to be transferred to the ambient air. 5. The switchboard of claim 1, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
the upper level through bus with an upper level through bus phase B; the lower level through bus with a lower level through bus phase B; the top horizontal bus with a third bus section connecting a third bus portion with a third extended bus portion and the upper level through bus phase B, wherein the third extended bus portion is positioned beyond a third connection joint between the third bus section and the third bus portion. 6. The switchboard of claim 5, wherein the third extended bus portion acts as a third heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the third heat sink allows for heat to move through the third heat sink but with no current flow through the third heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the third extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a third adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow. 7. The switchboard of claim 6, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
the bottom horizontal bus with a fourth bus section connecting a fourth bus portion with a fourth extended bus portion and the lower level through bus phase B, wherein the fourth extended bus portion is positioned beyond a fourth connection joint between the fourth bus section and the fourth bus portion. 8. The switchboard of claim 5, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
the upper level through bus with an upper level through bus phase C; the lower level through bus with a lower level through bus phase C; the top horizontal bus with a fifth section connecting a fifth bus portion with a fifth extended bus portion and the upper level through bus phase C, wherein the fifth extended bus portion is positioned beyond a fifth connection joint between the fifth bus section and the fifth bus portion. 9. The switchboard of claim 8, wherein the fifth extended bus portion acts as a fifth heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the fifth heat sink allows for heat to move through the fifth heat sink but with no current flow through the fifth heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the fifth extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a fifth adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow. 10. The switchboard of claim 9, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
the bottom horizontal bus with a sixth bus section connecting a sixth bus portion with a sixth extended bus portion and the lower level through bus phase C, wherein the sixth extended bus portion is positioned beyond a sixth connection joint between the sixth bus section and the sixth bus portion. 11. A switchboard, comprising:
an electrical system having a three-phase bus structure, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
an upper level through bus with an upper level through bus phase A;
a lower level through bus with a lower level through bus phase A;
a top vertical bus with a first bus section connecting a first bus portion with a first extended bus portion and the upper level through bus phase A, wherein the first extended bus portion is positioned beyond a first connection joint between the first bus section and the first bus portion,
wherein the first extended bus portion acts as a first heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the first heat sink allows for heat to move through the first heat sink but with no current flow through the first heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the first extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a first adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow; and
a bottom vertical bus with a second bus section connecting a second bus portion with a second extended bus portion and the lower level through bus phase A, wherein the second extended bus portion is positioned beyond a second connection joint between the second bus section and the second bus portion. 12. The switchboard of claim 11, wherein the second extended bus portion acts as a second heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the second heat sink allows for heat to move through the second heat sink but with no current flow through the second heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the second extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a second adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow. 13. An electrical system, comprising:
a first structure, an element or a bus of an electrical structure that conducts electricity and configured to flow electric current therethrough; and an extended second structure that extends past an adjoining section of the electrical structure with current flow and that acts as a heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the heat sink allows for heat to move through the heat sink but with no current flow through the heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the extended second structure, wherein the heat sink is a bus section of the bus such that both of them are in a one-piece form. 14. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the electrical system is a switchboard or a panelboard or a switchgear. 15. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the first structure, the element or the bus of the electrical structure is part of an electrically powered device powered via an AC supply or a DC supply or a battery. 16. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the electrically powered device includes mobile devices or a power distribution system like residential load centers or DC motors. 17. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the electrical system is a single phase or a three phase. 18. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the heat sink having a size and dimensions which depend on a heat load, a size of the electrical system and dimensional constraints. 19. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the bus is a vertical bus or a horizontal bus. 20. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the heat sink is in a vertical orientation or a horizontal orientation. | An electrical system comprises a first structure, an element or a bus of an electrical structure that conducts electricity and configured to flow electric current therethrough. The electrical system further comprises an extended second structure that extends past an adjoining section of the electrical structure with current flow and that acts as a heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the heat sink allows for heat to move through the heat sink but with no current flow through the heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the extended second structure. The heat sink is a bus section of the bus such that both of them are in a one-piece form.1. A switchboard, comprising:
a main section having a three-phase bus structure, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
an upper level through bus with an upper level through bus phase A;
a lower level through bus with a lower level through bus phase A;
a top horizontal bus with a first bus section connecting a first bus portion with a first extended bus portion and the upper level through bus phase A, wherein the first extended bus portion is positioned beyond a first connection joint between the first bus section and the first bus portion,
wherein the first extended bus portion acts as a first heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the first heat sink allows for heat to move through the first heat sink but with no current flow through the first heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the first extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a first adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow; and
a bottom horizontal bus with a second bus section connecting a second bus portion with a second extended bus portion and the lower level through bus phase A, wherein the second extended bus portion is positioned beyond a second connection joint between the second bus section and the second bus portion. 2. The switchboard of claim 1, wherein the second extended bus portion acts as a second heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the second heat sink allows for heat to move through the second heat sink but with no current flow through the second heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the second extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a second adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow. 3. The switchboard of claim 1, wherein the first heat sink is configured as a first fin with its surface area exposed to an ambient air and thereby allowing for bus generated heat to be transferred to the ambient air. 4. The switchboard of claim 1, wherein the second heat sink is configured as a second fin with its surface area exposed to an ambient air and thereby allowing for bus generated heat to be transferred to the ambient air. 5. The switchboard of claim 1, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
the upper level through bus with an upper level through bus phase B; the lower level through bus with a lower level through bus phase B; the top horizontal bus with a third bus section connecting a third bus portion with a third extended bus portion and the upper level through bus phase B, wherein the third extended bus portion is positioned beyond a third connection joint between the third bus section and the third bus portion. 6. The switchboard of claim 5, wherein the third extended bus portion acts as a third heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the third heat sink allows for heat to move through the third heat sink but with no current flow through the third heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the third extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a third adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow. 7. The switchboard of claim 6, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
the bottom horizontal bus with a fourth bus section connecting a fourth bus portion with a fourth extended bus portion and the lower level through bus phase B, wherein the fourth extended bus portion is positioned beyond a fourth connection joint between the fourth bus section and the fourth bus portion. 8. The switchboard of claim 5, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
the upper level through bus with an upper level through bus phase C; the lower level through bus with a lower level through bus phase C; the top horizontal bus with a fifth section connecting a fifth bus portion with a fifth extended bus portion and the upper level through bus phase C, wherein the fifth extended bus portion is positioned beyond a fifth connection joint between the fifth bus section and the fifth bus portion. 9. The switchboard of claim 8, wherein the fifth extended bus portion acts as a fifth heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the fifth heat sink allows for heat to move through the fifth heat sink but with no current flow through the fifth heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the fifth extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a fifth adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow. 10. The switchboard of claim 9, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
the bottom horizontal bus with a sixth bus section connecting a sixth bus portion with a sixth extended bus portion and the lower level through bus phase C, wherein the sixth extended bus portion is positioned beyond a sixth connection joint between the sixth bus section and the sixth bus portion. 11. A switchboard, comprising:
an electrical system having a three-phase bus structure, wherein the three-phase bus structure including:
an upper level through bus with an upper level through bus phase A;
a lower level through bus with a lower level through bus phase A;
a top vertical bus with a first bus section connecting a first bus portion with a first extended bus portion and the upper level through bus phase A, wherein the first extended bus portion is positioned beyond a first connection joint between the first bus section and the first bus portion,
wherein the first extended bus portion acts as a first heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the first heat sink allows for heat to move through the first heat sink but with no current flow through the first heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the first extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a first adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow; and
a bottom vertical bus with a second bus section connecting a second bus portion with a second extended bus portion and the lower level through bus phase A, wherein the second extended bus portion is positioned beyond a second connection joint between the second bus section and the second bus portion. 12. The switchboard of claim 11, wherein the second extended bus portion acts as a second heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the second heat sink allows for heat to move through the second heat sink but with no current flow through the second heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the second extended bus portion of the three-phase bus structure that extends past a second adjoining section of the three-phase bus structure with current flow. 13. An electrical system, comprising:
a first structure, an element or a bus of an electrical structure that conducts electricity and configured to flow electric current therethrough; and an extended second structure that extends past an adjoining section of the electrical structure with current flow and that acts as a heat sink not in line with a path of current flow such that the heat sink allows for heat to move through the heat sink but with no current flow through the heat sink because there is no voltage gradient in the extended second structure, wherein the heat sink is a bus section of the bus such that both of them are in a one-piece form. 14. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the electrical system is a switchboard or a panelboard or a switchgear. 15. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the first structure, the element or the bus of the electrical structure is part of an electrically powered device powered via an AC supply or a DC supply or a battery. 16. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the electrically powered device includes mobile devices or a power distribution system like residential load centers or DC motors. 17. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the electrical system is a single phase or a three phase. 18. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the heat sink having a size and dimensions which depend on a heat load, a size of the electrical system and dimensional constraints. 19. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the bus is a vertical bus or a horizontal bus. 20. The electrical system of claim 13, wherein the heat sink is in a vertical orientation or a horizontal orientation. | 1,600 |
349,370 | 350,244 | 16,853,783 | 2,471 | In one embodiment, a network device includes an interface configured to receive a data packet including a header section, at least one parser to parse the data of the header section yielding a first header portion and a second header portion, a packet processing engine to fetch a first match-and-action table, match a first index having a corresponding first steering action entry in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first header portion, compute a cumulative lookup value based on the first header portion and the second header portion responsively to the first steering action entry, fetch a second match-and-action table responsively to the first steering action entry, match a second index having a corresponding second steering action entry in the second match-and-action table responsively to the cumulative lookup value, and steering the packet responsively to the second steering action entry. | 1. A network device, comprising:
an interface configured to receive a data packet including a header section; at least one parser coupled to receive data of the header section of the packet, and configured to parse the data of the header section yielding a first header portion and a second header portion; a memory configured to store a plurality of match-and-action tables, each match-and-action table including respective indices and a respective steering action entry corresponding to each of the respective indices; and a packet processing engine coupled to receive the first header portion and the second header portion, and configured to:
fetch from the memory a first match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables;
match a first index having a corresponding first steering action entry in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first header portion;
compute a cumulative lookup value based on the first header portion and the second header portion responsively to the first steering action entry;
fetch from the memory a second match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables responsively to the first steering action entry;
match a second index having a corresponding second steering action entry in the second match-and-action table responsively to the cumulative lookup value; and
steer the packet responsively to the second steering action entry. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first steering action entry indicates that the cumulative lookup value should be computed based on the second header portion. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine to use the cumulative lookup value when performing matching in the second match-and-action table. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein: a steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine to reset the cumulative lookup value; and the packet processing engine is configured to reset the cumulative lookup value. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein a steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine not to use the cumulative lookup value when performing matching in one of the match-and-action tables. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one parser is also configured to parse the data of the header section yielding a third header portion; and the packet processing engine is configured to:
fetch a third match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; and
match a third index having a corresponding third steering action entry in the third match-and-action table responsively to the third header portion. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the packet processing engine is configured to compute the cumulative lookup value based on the first header portion, the second header portion, and the third header portion. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the packet processing engine is configured to:
compute a first hash value responsively to the first header portion; match the first index in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first hash value; compute a second hash value responsively to the second header portion; and compute the cumulative lookup value based on the first hash value and the second hash value responsively to the first steering action entry. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the first steering action entry indicates that the cumulative lookup value should be computed based on the second hash value. 10. The device according to claim 8, wherein the first steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine to use the cumulative lookup value when performing matching in the second match-and-action table. 11. The device according to claim 8, wherein a steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine to reset the cumulative lookup value; and the packet processing engine is configured to reset the cumulative lookup value. 12. The device according to claim 8, wherein a steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine not to use the cumulative lookup value when performing matching in one of the match-and-action tables. 13. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
the at least one parser is also configured to parse the data of the header section yielding a third header portion; and the packet processing engine is configured to:
compute a third hash value responsively to the third header portion;
fetch from the memory a third match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; and
match a third index having a corresponding third steering action entry in the third match-and-action table responsively to the third hash value. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the packet processing engine is configured to compute the cumulative lookup value based on the first hash value, the second hash value, and the third hash value. 15. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first steering action entry includes any one or more of the following: forwarding the packet to be processed by at least one selected central processing unit; forwarding the packet to at least one selected destination; dropping the packet; forwarding the packet to an indicated destination; continuing processing with another one of the match-and-action tables; adding a current hash value to the cumulative lookup value; adding data of a header portion to the cumulative lookup value; using the cumulative lookup value when performing matching; not using the cumulative lookup value when performing matching; using a specific portion of the header section; or using a specific portion of the header section when computing a hash. 16. A networking method, comprising:
receiving a data packet including a header section; parsing data of the header section yielding a first header portion and a second header portion; storing a plurality of match-and-action tables, each match-and-action table including respective indices and a respective steering action entry corresponding to each of the respective indices; fetching a first match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; matching a first index having a corresponding first steering action entry in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first header portion; computing a cumulative lookup value based on the first header portion and the second header portion responsively to the first steering action entry; fetching a second match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables responsively to the first steering action entry; matching a second index having a corresponding second steering action entry in the second match-and-action table responsively to the cumulative lookup value; and steering the packet responsively to the second steering action entry. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
parsing the data of the header section yielding a third header portion; fetching a third match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; and matching a third index having a corresponding third steering action entry in the third match-and-action table responsively to the third header portion. 18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
computing a first hash value responsively to the first header portion; matching the first index in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first hash value; computing a second hash value responsively to the second header portion; and computing the cumulative lookup value based on the first hash value and the second hash value responsively to the first steering action entry. 19. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
parsing the data of the header section yielding a third header portion; computing a third hash value responsively to the third header portion; fetching a third match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; and matching a third index having a corresponding third steering action entry in the third match-and-action table responsively to the third hash value. 20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the first steering action entry includes any one or more of the following: forwarding the packet to be processed by at least one selected central processing unit; forwarding the packet to at least one selected destination; dropping the packet; forwarding the packet to an indicated destination; continuing processing with another one of the match-and-action tables; adding a current hash value to the cumulative lookup value; adding data of a header portion to the cumulative lookup value; using the cumulative lookup value when performing matching; not using the cumulative lookup value when performing matching; using a specific portion of the header section; or using a specific portion of the header section when computing a hash. | In one embodiment, a network device includes an interface configured to receive a data packet including a header section, at least one parser to parse the data of the header section yielding a first header portion and a second header portion, a packet processing engine to fetch a first match-and-action table, match a first index having a corresponding first steering action entry in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first header portion, compute a cumulative lookup value based on the first header portion and the second header portion responsively to the first steering action entry, fetch a second match-and-action table responsively to the first steering action entry, match a second index having a corresponding second steering action entry in the second match-and-action table responsively to the cumulative lookup value, and steering the packet responsively to the second steering action entry.1. A network device, comprising:
an interface configured to receive a data packet including a header section; at least one parser coupled to receive data of the header section of the packet, and configured to parse the data of the header section yielding a first header portion and a second header portion; a memory configured to store a plurality of match-and-action tables, each match-and-action table including respective indices and a respective steering action entry corresponding to each of the respective indices; and a packet processing engine coupled to receive the first header portion and the second header portion, and configured to:
fetch from the memory a first match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables;
match a first index having a corresponding first steering action entry in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first header portion;
compute a cumulative lookup value based on the first header portion and the second header portion responsively to the first steering action entry;
fetch from the memory a second match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables responsively to the first steering action entry;
match a second index having a corresponding second steering action entry in the second match-and-action table responsively to the cumulative lookup value; and
steer the packet responsively to the second steering action entry. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first steering action entry indicates that the cumulative lookup value should be computed based on the second header portion. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine to use the cumulative lookup value when performing matching in the second match-and-action table. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein: a steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine to reset the cumulative lookup value; and the packet processing engine is configured to reset the cumulative lookup value. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein a steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine not to use the cumulative lookup value when performing matching in one of the match-and-action tables. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one parser is also configured to parse the data of the header section yielding a third header portion; and the packet processing engine is configured to:
fetch a third match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; and
match a third index having a corresponding third steering action entry in the third match-and-action table responsively to the third header portion. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the packet processing engine is configured to compute the cumulative lookup value based on the first header portion, the second header portion, and the third header portion. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the packet processing engine is configured to:
compute a first hash value responsively to the first header portion; match the first index in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first hash value; compute a second hash value responsively to the second header portion; and compute the cumulative lookup value based on the first hash value and the second hash value responsively to the first steering action entry. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the first steering action entry indicates that the cumulative lookup value should be computed based on the second hash value. 10. The device according to claim 8, wherein the first steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine to use the cumulative lookup value when performing matching in the second match-and-action table. 11. The device according to claim 8, wherein a steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine to reset the cumulative lookup value; and the packet processing engine is configured to reset the cumulative lookup value. 12. The device according to claim 8, wherein a steering action entry indicates to the packet processing engine not to use the cumulative lookup value when performing matching in one of the match-and-action tables. 13. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
the at least one parser is also configured to parse the data of the header section yielding a third header portion; and the packet processing engine is configured to:
compute a third hash value responsively to the third header portion;
fetch from the memory a third match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; and
match a third index having a corresponding third steering action entry in the third match-and-action table responsively to the third hash value. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the packet processing engine is configured to compute the cumulative lookup value based on the first hash value, the second hash value, and the third hash value. 15. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first steering action entry includes any one or more of the following: forwarding the packet to be processed by at least one selected central processing unit; forwarding the packet to at least one selected destination; dropping the packet; forwarding the packet to an indicated destination; continuing processing with another one of the match-and-action tables; adding a current hash value to the cumulative lookup value; adding data of a header portion to the cumulative lookup value; using the cumulative lookup value when performing matching; not using the cumulative lookup value when performing matching; using a specific portion of the header section; or using a specific portion of the header section when computing a hash. 16. A networking method, comprising:
receiving a data packet including a header section; parsing data of the header section yielding a first header portion and a second header portion; storing a plurality of match-and-action tables, each match-and-action table including respective indices and a respective steering action entry corresponding to each of the respective indices; fetching a first match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; matching a first index having a corresponding first steering action entry in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first header portion; computing a cumulative lookup value based on the first header portion and the second header portion responsively to the first steering action entry; fetching a second match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables responsively to the first steering action entry; matching a second index having a corresponding second steering action entry in the second match-and-action table responsively to the cumulative lookup value; and steering the packet responsively to the second steering action entry. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
parsing the data of the header section yielding a third header portion; fetching a third match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; and matching a third index having a corresponding third steering action entry in the third match-and-action table responsively to the third header portion. 18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
computing a first hash value responsively to the first header portion; matching the first index in the first match-and-action table responsively to the first hash value; computing a second hash value responsively to the second header portion; and computing the cumulative lookup value based on the first hash value and the second hash value responsively to the first steering action entry. 19. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
parsing the data of the header section yielding a third header portion; computing a third hash value responsively to the third header portion; fetching a third match-and-action table of the plurality of match-and-action tables; and matching a third index having a corresponding third steering action entry in the third match-and-action table responsively to the third hash value. 20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the first steering action entry includes any one or more of the following: forwarding the packet to be processed by at least one selected central processing unit; forwarding the packet to at least one selected destination; dropping the packet; forwarding the packet to an indicated destination; continuing processing with another one of the match-and-action tables; adding a current hash value to the cumulative lookup value; adding data of a header portion to the cumulative lookup value; using the cumulative lookup value when performing matching; not using the cumulative lookup value when performing matching; using a specific portion of the header section; or using a specific portion of the header section when computing a hash. | 2,400 |
349,371 | 350,245 | 16,758,007 | 2,471 | An ultrasonic osteotome bit, comprising a bit bar (1), a bit body (3), and a bit grinding portion (2) located at a front end of the ultrasonic osteotome bit. The bit grinding portion (2) is in the shape of a triangular pyramid, the bottom face of the triangular pyramid is the rear end of the bit grinding portion (2), and the tip of the triangular pyramid directly facing the bottom face is the front end of the bit grinding portion (2). One end of the bit bar (1) is connected to the rear end of the bit grinding portion (2), and the other end of the bit bar (1) is connected to the bit body (3). Two of the three lateral pyramidal faces of the triangular pyramid are respectively used as a first grinding face (21A) and a second grinding face (21B). By means of the ultrasonic osteotome bit, a normal bone-grinding operation can be completed, and since the front end thereof is small in area, the grinding speed is high. In addition, owing to the design in which the front end is small while the rear end is large, a good visual field can be provided for a surgeon. Moreover, with the unique full V-shaped structures design, the surgeon can guarantee that bone grooves at a hinge side after grinding form fully closed V-shaped grooves at any operating angle, thereby reducing the area of an incision window, facilitating the use by a surgeon and improving the surgical efficiency. | 1. An ultrasonic osteotome bit, comprising a bit bar (1), a bit body (3), and a bit grinding portion (2) located at a front end of the ultrasonic osteotome bit, wherein
the bit grinding portion (2) is in the shape of a triangular pyramid, the bottom face of the triangular pyramid is a rear end of the bit grinding portion (2), and the tip of the triangular pyramid directly facing the bottom face is a front end of the bit grinding portion (2); one end of the bit bar (1) is connected to the rear end of the bit grinding portion (2), and the other end of the bit bar (1) is connected to the bit body (3); and two of the three lateral pyramidal faces of the triangular pyramid are respectively used as a first grinding face (21A) and a second grinding face (21B); wherein; a grinding edge (24) is formed between the first grinding face (21A) and the second grinding face (21B); on the first grinding face (21A), the distances from any two points on the grinding edge (24) to a first base vertex (211A) facing the grinding edge (24) are approximately equal to each other; and on the second grinding face (21B), the distances from any two points on the grinding edge (24) to a second base vertex (211B) facing the grinding edge (24) are approximately equal to each other. 2. (canceled) 3. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the distance from any point on the grinding edge (24) to the first base vertex (211A) is substantially equal to the distance from the point to the second base vertex (211B). 4. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
a front portion of the grinding edge (24) is a smooth flat surface or a slightly raised curved surface, the first grinding face (21A) and/or the second grinding face (21B) is an arc-shaped face protruding outward, and a smooth arc transition is provided between the first grinding face (21A) and the second grinding face (21B). 5. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the first grinding face (21A) and/or the second grinding face (21B) are provided with a plurality of grinding grooves (22), file teeth (23) or knurled teeth. 6. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 5, wherein
the grinding groove (22) has a width, and the edge of the grinding groove (22) is provided with a reverse fine edge. 7. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrasonic osteotome bit further comprises a hollow liquid injection channel (10), and the hollow liquid injection channel (10) passes from the other end of the bit bar (1) to the bit grinding portion (2) in a direction of the center line of the bit bar (1), the bit grinding portion (2) is provided with a transverse liquid guide channel (20) that transversely passes along an axis substantially perpendicular to the bit bar (1), the transverse liquid guide channel (20) is in communication with the hollow liquid injection channel (10), and the transverse liquid guide channel (20) forms openings in the first grinding face (21A) and the second grinding face (21B). 8. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 7, wherein
the center line of the bit bar (1) is a curve that bends towards one side of the bit bar (1). 9. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 7, wherein
the center line of the bit body (3) is a curve that bends towards one side of the bit body (3). 10. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the joint between the bit bar (1) and the bit body (3) is a tapered face that gradually reduces from the bit body (3) to the bit bar (1). 11. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the grinding edge (24) is arc-shaped, and on the first grinding face (21A), the center of the arc is the first base vertex (211A); and on the second grinding face (21B), the center of the arc is the second base vertex (211B). 12. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the bit grinding portion (2) inclines upward along the bit bar (1) or the bit body (3) at an angle. 13. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the tip of the triangular pyramid directly facing the bottom face is configured to be a smooth flat surface or curved surface. 14. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 5, wherein
the plurality of grinding grooves (22) are arranged parallel to each other, and the grinding grooves (22) are transverse grooves perpendicular to the center line of the ultrasonic osteotome bit; or the plurality of grinding grooves (22) are diagonal grooves that form an angle with the center line of the ultrasonic osteotome bit. 15. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
both the first grinding face (21A) and the second grinding face (21B) are flat surfaces. | An ultrasonic osteotome bit, comprising a bit bar (1), a bit body (3), and a bit grinding portion (2) located at a front end of the ultrasonic osteotome bit. The bit grinding portion (2) is in the shape of a triangular pyramid, the bottom face of the triangular pyramid is the rear end of the bit grinding portion (2), and the tip of the triangular pyramid directly facing the bottom face is the front end of the bit grinding portion (2). One end of the bit bar (1) is connected to the rear end of the bit grinding portion (2), and the other end of the bit bar (1) is connected to the bit body (3). Two of the three lateral pyramidal faces of the triangular pyramid are respectively used as a first grinding face (21A) and a second grinding face (21B). By means of the ultrasonic osteotome bit, a normal bone-grinding operation can be completed, and since the front end thereof is small in area, the grinding speed is high. In addition, owing to the design in which the front end is small while the rear end is large, a good visual field can be provided for a surgeon. Moreover, with the unique full V-shaped structures design, the surgeon can guarantee that bone grooves at a hinge side after grinding form fully closed V-shaped grooves at any operating angle, thereby reducing the area of an incision window, facilitating the use by a surgeon and improving the surgical efficiency.1. An ultrasonic osteotome bit, comprising a bit bar (1), a bit body (3), and a bit grinding portion (2) located at a front end of the ultrasonic osteotome bit, wherein
the bit grinding portion (2) is in the shape of a triangular pyramid, the bottom face of the triangular pyramid is a rear end of the bit grinding portion (2), and the tip of the triangular pyramid directly facing the bottom face is a front end of the bit grinding portion (2); one end of the bit bar (1) is connected to the rear end of the bit grinding portion (2), and the other end of the bit bar (1) is connected to the bit body (3); and two of the three lateral pyramidal faces of the triangular pyramid are respectively used as a first grinding face (21A) and a second grinding face (21B); wherein; a grinding edge (24) is formed between the first grinding face (21A) and the second grinding face (21B); on the first grinding face (21A), the distances from any two points on the grinding edge (24) to a first base vertex (211A) facing the grinding edge (24) are approximately equal to each other; and on the second grinding face (21B), the distances from any two points on the grinding edge (24) to a second base vertex (211B) facing the grinding edge (24) are approximately equal to each other. 2. (canceled) 3. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the distance from any point on the grinding edge (24) to the first base vertex (211A) is substantially equal to the distance from the point to the second base vertex (211B). 4. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
a front portion of the grinding edge (24) is a smooth flat surface or a slightly raised curved surface, the first grinding face (21A) and/or the second grinding face (21B) is an arc-shaped face protruding outward, and a smooth arc transition is provided between the first grinding face (21A) and the second grinding face (21B). 5. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the first grinding face (21A) and/or the second grinding face (21B) are provided with a plurality of grinding grooves (22), file teeth (23) or knurled teeth. 6. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 5, wherein
the grinding groove (22) has a width, and the edge of the grinding groove (22) is provided with a reverse fine edge. 7. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the ultrasonic osteotome bit further comprises a hollow liquid injection channel (10), and the hollow liquid injection channel (10) passes from the other end of the bit bar (1) to the bit grinding portion (2) in a direction of the center line of the bit bar (1), the bit grinding portion (2) is provided with a transverse liquid guide channel (20) that transversely passes along an axis substantially perpendicular to the bit bar (1), the transverse liquid guide channel (20) is in communication with the hollow liquid injection channel (10), and the transverse liquid guide channel (20) forms openings in the first grinding face (21A) and the second grinding face (21B). 8. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 7, wherein
the center line of the bit bar (1) is a curve that bends towards one side of the bit bar (1). 9. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 7, wherein
the center line of the bit body (3) is a curve that bends towards one side of the bit body (3). 10. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the joint between the bit bar (1) and the bit body (3) is a tapered face that gradually reduces from the bit body (3) to the bit bar (1). 11. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the grinding edge (24) is arc-shaped, and on the first grinding face (21A), the center of the arc is the first base vertex (211A); and on the second grinding face (21B), the center of the arc is the second base vertex (211B). 12. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the bit grinding portion (2) inclines upward along the bit bar (1) or the bit body (3) at an angle. 13. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
the tip of the triangular pyramid directly facing the bottom face is configured to be a smooth flat surface or curved surface. 14. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 5, wherein
the plurality of grinding grooves (22) are arranged parallel to each other, and the grinding grooves (22) are transverse grooves perpendicular to the center line of the ultrasonic osteotome bit; or the plurality of grinding grooves (22) are diagonal grooves that form an angle with the center line of the ultrasonic osteotome bit. 15. The ultrasonic osteotome bit according to claim 1, wherein
both the first grinding face (21A) and the second grinding face (21B) are flat surfaces. | 2,400 |
349,372 | 350,246 | 16,853,799 | 2,499 | A method for storing database security audit records, comprises: S1, when a database server recognizes an auditable event to generate one database security audit record, identifying the database security audit record with a hashed value so that each database security audit record corresponds to a unique hashed value respectively; S2, packaging multiple database security audit records into a database security audit record block; and S3, transmitting the database security audit record block in encrypted way by adopting a peer-to-peer protocol for direct network communication between two nodes, and verifying an ownership of the database security audit record block. The disclosure has the beneficial effects that through an encryption mechanism and a consensus mechanism, storage of database security audit records is achieved in a peer-to-peer network, thereby ensuring that the database security audit records cannot be tampered and forged. | 1. A method for storing database security audit records, comprising:
S1, when a database server recognizes an auditable event to generate one database security audit record, identifying the database security audit record with a hashed value so that each database security audit record corresponds to a unique hashed value respectively; S2, packaging multiple database security audit records into a database security audit record block; S3, transmitting the database security audit record block in encrypted way by adopting a peer-to-peer protocol for direct network communication between two nodes, and verifying an ownership of the database security audit record block; wherein after a new database security audit record block is generated, a node for generating the new database security audit record block broadcasts the new generated database security audit record block to other nodes of the whole network through the peer-to-peer network; S4, a node for receiving the database security audit record block verifying validity of the database security audit record block, connecting a valid database security audit record block to a database security audit record chain, and forwarding the valid database security audit record block to adjacent nodes; S5, verifying consistency of database security audit record chains of different nodes; and S6, storing full backups of the database security audit record chains on all nodes, and storing multiple database security audit records in a balanced binary tree structure by each database security audit record block. 2. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein a data structure of the database security audit record in the step S1 comprises:
the hashed value acting as a unique identifier of the database security audit record; the audit event for identifying an event code; a timestamp for identifying time when the audit event occurs; a host name for identifying a name of the host for executing the audit event; a database server name for identifying a name of the database server on which the audit event runs; a user name for identifying a login name of a user requesting the audit event; and an additional field for identifying an arbitrary field of the database for database security audit analysis. 3. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein a specific method for generating the database security audit record block in the step S2 comprises:
S21, dividing a database security audit record block into a database security audit record block head and a database security audit record block body, wherein the database security audit record block head comprises the hashed value, a timestamp and a balanced binary tree root of the current database security audit record block, and the hashed value of a previous database security audit record block; and the database security audit record block body comprises several database security audit records; S22, storing the several database security audit records in the database security audit record block body in the balanced binary tree structure, wherein each leaf of the balanced binary tree is the hashed value of one database security audit record respectively; and S23, performing hashing operation recursively to hashed values of every two database security audit records to obtain a new hashed value and storing the new hashed value into the balanced binary tree until every two hashed values are combined to finally form one hashed value, namely the balanced binary tree root. 4. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the database security audit record chain is a data structure formed by orderly connecting the database security audit record blocks from back to front according to an order of time when the database security audit record blocks are generated. 5. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein a method for verifying the database security audit record block in the step S4 comprises:
S41, verifying the ownership of database security audit record blocks by adopting an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, wherein the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm includes a public key and a private key, namely, the public key of one node is public to other nodes, the private key is confidential to the other nodes, and the private key is configured to be unavailable to the other nodes through calculations according to the public key; and S42, checking a timestamp and a database security audit record structure of the new database security audit record block according to a predefined standard. 6. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein a method for verifying the database security audit record chain in the step S5 is as follows: verifying the consistency of the database security audit record chains of different nodes by adopting a proof of stake consensus algorithm. | A method for storing database security audit records, comprises: S1, when a database server recognizes an auditable event to generate one database security audit record, identifying the database security audit record with a hashed value so that each database security audit record corresponds to a unique hashed value respectively; S2, packaging multiple database security audit records into a database security audit record block; and S3, transmitting the database security audit record block in encrypted way by adopting a peer-to-peer protocol for direct network communication between two nodes, and verifying an ownership of the database security audit record block. The disclosure has the beneficial effects that through an encryption mechanism and a consensus mechanism, storage of database security audit records is achieved in a peer-to-peer network, thereby ensuring that the database security audit records cannot be tampered and forged.1. A method for storing database security audit records, comprising:
S1, when a database server recognizes an auditable event to generate one database security audit record, identifying the database security audit record with a hashed value so that each database security audit record corresponds to a unique hashed value respectively; S2, packaging multiple database security audit records into a database security audit record block; S3, transmitting the database security audit record block in encrypted way by adopting a peer-to-peer protocol for direct network communication between two nodes, and verifying an ownership of the database security audit record block; wherein after a new database security audit record block is generated, a node for generating the new database security audit record block broadcasts the new generated database security audit record block to other nodes of the whole network through the peer-to-peer network; S4, a node for receiving the database security audit record block verifying validity of the database security audit record block, connecting a valid database security audit record block to a database security audit record chain, and forwarding the valid database security audit record block to adjacent nodes; S5, verifying consistency of database security audit record chains of different nodes; and S6, storing full backups of the database security audit record chains on all nodes, and storing multiple database security audit records in a balanced binary tree structure by each database security audit record block. 2. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein a data structure of the database security audit record in the step S1 comprises:
the hashed value acting as a unique identifier of the database security audit record; the audit event for identifying an event code; a timestamp for identifying time when the audit event occurs; a host name for identifying a name of the host for executing the audit event; a database server name for identifying a name of the database server on which the audit event runs; a user name for identifying a login name of a user requesting the audit event; and an additional field for identifying an arbitrary field of the database for database security audit analysis. 3. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein a specific method for generating the database security audit record block in the step S2 comprises:
S21, dividing a database security audit record block into a database security audit record block head and a database security audit record block body, wherein the database security audit record block head comprises the hashed value, a timestamp and a balanced binary tree root of the current database security audit record block, and the hashed value of a previous database security audit record block; and the database security audit record block body comprises several database security audit records; S22, storing the several database security audit records in the database security audit record block body in the balanced binary tree structure, wherein each leaf of the balanced binary tree is the hashed value of one database security audit record respectively; and S23, performing hashing operation recursively to hashed values of every two database security audit records to obtain a new hashed value and storing the new hashed value into the balanced binary tree until every two hashed values are combined to finally form one hashed value, namely the balanced binary tree root. 4. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the database security audit record chain is a data structure formed by orderly connecting the database security audit record blocks from back to front according to an order of time when the database security audit record blocks are generated. 5. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein a method for verifying the database security audit record block in the step S4 comprises:
S41, verifying the ownership of database security audit record blocks by adopting an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, wherein the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm includes a public key and a private key, namely, the public key of one node is public to other nodes, the private key is confidential to the other nodes, and the private key is configured to be unavailable to the other nodes through calculations according to the public key; and S42, checking a timestamp and a database security audit record structure of the new database security audit record block according to a predefined standard. 6. The method for storing database security audit records according to claim 1, wherein a method for verifying the database security audit record chain in the step S5 is as follows: verifying the consistency of the database security audit record chains of different nodes by adopting a proof of stake consensus algorithm. | 2,400 |
349,373 | 350,247 | 16,853,800 | 2,612 | A recording medium recording a program for causing a computer to execute a process including: acquiring a display target time by adding a fixed time to an average process time, which is an average of a sum of past times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression; acquiring a second time point when a decompression process of a data body is completed after reception of data which includes a first time point before a server compresses the data body; acquiring a current process time which indicates a sum of times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression of the data body by subtracting the first time point from the second time point; acquiring an adjustment time by subtracting the current process time from the display target time; displaying the data body by delaying the adjustment time; and updating a past average process time by including the current process time. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having stored therein a program for causing a computer to execute a process for displaying received data, the process comprising:
acquiring a display target time by adding a fixed time to an average process time, which is an average of a sum of past times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression; acquiring a second time point when a decompression process of a data body is completed after reception of data which includes a first time point before a server compresses the data body; acquiring a current process time which indicates a sum of times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression of the data body by subtracting the first time point from the second time point; acquiring an adjustment time by subtracting the current process time from the display target time; displaying the data body by delaying the adjustment time; and updating a past average process time by including the current process time. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 1, the process further comprising:
acquiring a minimum interval between the first time points among pieces of received data; and by using the minimum interval, calculating the fixed time which includes a variation from the average process time. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 2, the process further comprising:
acquiring the fixed time by dividing a value acquired by multiplying the minimum interval by a given coefficient, by a given natural number. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 1, wherein
the data body is image data acquired by encoding a screen image displayed on the server. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 1, the process further comprising:
displaying an animation with pieces of data successively; and when an operation to the computer is accepted while the animation is displaying, interactively receiving and displaying animation data with a changed display method from the server by creating operation data which indicates the operation and transmitting the created operation data to the server. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 1, wherein
the computer is a virtual desktop. 7. A received data display method comprising:
acquiring, by a computer, a display target time by adding a fixed time to an average process time, which is an average of a sum of past times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression; acquiring a second time point when a decompression process of a data body is completed after reception of data which includes a first time point before a server compresses the data body; acquiring a current process time which indicates a sum of times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression of the data body by subtracting the first time point from the second time point; acquiring an adjustment time by subtracting the current process time from the display target time; displaying the data body by delaying the adjustment time; and updating a past average process time by including the current process time. 8. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: acquire a display target time by adding a fixed time to an average process time, which is an average of a sum of past times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression; acquire a second time point when a decompression process of a data body is completed after reception of data which includes a first time point before a server compresses the data body; acquire a current process time which indicates a sum of times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression of the data body by subtracting the first time point from the second time point; and acquire an adjustment time by subtracting the current process time from the display target time; display the data body by delaying the adjustment time; and update a past average process time by including the current process time. | A recording medium recording a program for causing a computer to execute a process including: acquiring a display target time by adding a fixed time to an average process time, which is an average of a sum of past times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression; acquiring a second time point when a decompression process of a data body is completed after reception of data which includes a first time point before a server compresses the data body; acquiring a current process time which indicates a sum of times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression of the data body by subtracting the first time point from the second time point; acquiring an adjustment time by subtracting the current process time from the display target time; displaying the data body by delaying the adjustment time; and updating a past average process time by including the current process time.1. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having stored therein a program for causing a computer to execute a process for displaying received data, the process comprising:
acquiring a display target time by adding a fixed time to an average process time, which is an average of a sum of past times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression; acquiring a second time point when a decompression process of a data body is completed after reception of data which includes a first time point before a server compresses the data body; acquiring a current process time which indicates a sum of times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression of the data body by subtracting the first time point from the second time point; acquiring an adjustment time by subtracting the current process time from the display target time; displaying the data body by delaying the adjustment time; and updating a past average process time by including the current process time. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 1, the process further comprising:
acquiring a minimum interval between the first time points among pieces of received data; and by using the minimum interval, calculating the fixed time which includes a variation from the average process time. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 2, the process further comprising:
acquiring the fixed time by dividing a value acquired by multiplying the minimum interval by a given coefficient, by a given natural number. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 1, wherein
the data body is image data acquired by encoding a screen image displayed on the server. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 1, the process further comprising:
displaying an animation with pieces of data successively; and when an operation to the computer is accepted while the animation is displaying, interactively receiving and displaying animation data with a changed display method from the server by creating operation data which indicates the operation and transmitting the created operation data to the server. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium according to claim 1, wherein
the computer is a virtual desktop. 7. A received data display method comprising:
acquiring, by a computer, a display target time by adding a fixed time to an average process time, which is an average of a sum of past times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression; acquiring a second time point when a decompression process of a data body is completed after reception of data which includes a first time point before a server compresses the data body; acquiring a current process time which indicates a sum of times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression of the data body by subtracting the first time point from the second time point; acquiring an adjustment time by subtracting the current process time from the display target time; displaying the data body by delaying the adjustment time; and updating a past average process time by including the current process time. 8. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: acquire a display target time by adding a fixed time to an average process time, which is an average of a sum of past times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression; acquire a second time point when a decompression process of a data body is completed after reception of data which includes a first time point before a server compresses the data body; acquire a current process time which indicates a sum of times demanded for compression, network transfer, and decompression of the data body by subtracting the first time point from the second time point; and acquire an adjustment time by subtracting the current process time from the display target time; display the data body by delaying the adjustment time; and update a past average process time by including the current process time. | 2,600 |
349,374 | 350,248 | 16,853,823 | 3,614 | A memory device provides a first memory area and a second memory area. A smart buffer includes; a priority setting unit receiving sensing data and a corresponding weight, determining a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classifying the sensing data as first priority sensing data or second priority sensing data based on the priority, and a channel controller allocating a channel to a first channel group, allocating another channel to a second channel group, assigning the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assigning the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a smart buffer; and a general memory area divided into a first memory area and a second memory area, wherein the smart buffer comprises:
a priority setting unit configured to receive a sensing data and a corresponding weight from a controller, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area,
wherein a number of data input/output (I/O) pins connected to the first channel group is greater than a number of data I/O pins connected to the second channel group. 2. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first interface configured to connect the at least one channel of the first channel group to the first memory area to transmit the first priority sensing data under control of the channel controller; and a second interface configured to connect the at least another channel of the second channel group to the second memory area to transmit the second priority sensing data under control of the channel controller. 3. The memory device of claim 2, wherein the first interface transmits the first priority sensing data to the first memory area in parallel, and the second interface serially transmits the second priority sensing data to the second memory area. 4. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising a mapping table,
wherein the mapping table maps the corresponding weight to the sensing data, and the priority setting unit classifies the sensing data as the first priority sensing data if the corresponding the weight is greater than or equal to a first threshold value. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area includes at least one of phase-change random-access memory (PRAM) cells, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) cells, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cells, and
the second memory area comprises NAND flash memory cells. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area comprises memory cells storing N-bit data and the second memory area includes memory cells storing M-bit data, where ‘N’ and ‘M’ are natural numbers, and M is greater than N. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area is implemented on a first semiconductor chip and the second memory area is implemented on at least one second semiconductor chip, different from the first semiconductor chip. 8. The memory device of claim 7, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the at least one second semiconductor chip are vertically stacked, and
the first memory area is connected to the second memory area using a plurality of through silicon vias. 9. The memory device of claim 7, wherein the at least one second semiconductor chip includes a second semiconductor chip and a third semiconductor chip, and
the first semiconductor chip is connected to a first interface of the smart buffer through a first wire, the second semiconductor chip is connected to a second interface through a second wire, and the third semiconductor chip is connected to the second interface through the second wire. 10. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the channel controller allocates the at least one channel to the first channel group, and allocates the at least another channel to the second channel group based on a size of the sensing data. 11. A memory device comprising:
a memory package including a smart buffer and a plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the smart buffer is implemented on a semiconductor chip different from the plurality of semiconductor chips and the plurality of semiconductor chips provide a plurality of memory areas including a first memory area and a second memory area, wherein the smart buffer includes:
a priority setting unit configured to receive a sensing data and a corresponding weight obtained by performing a neural network operation on the sensing data, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data based on the priority; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area. 12. The memory device of claim 11, wherein each one of the plurality of semiconductor chips provides one of the plurality of memory areas. 13-14. (cancelled) 15. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the smart buffer further includes:
a first interface configured to connect the first channel group to the first memory area and transmit the first priority sensing data at a first data transmission speed; and a second interface configured to connect the second channel group to the second memory area and transmit the second priority sensing data at a second data transmission speed slower than the first data transmission speed. 16. (canceled) 17. The memory device of claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of semiconductor chips provides a high bandwidth memory (HBM) area. 18. A memory system comprising:
a controller including a weight calculator configured to calculate a corresponding weight for a sensing data using a neural network operation, and a HBM (high bandwidth memory) mode controller configured to generate a HBM mode ON signal when the corresponding weight is greater than a predetermined threshold value; and a memory device comprising:
a general memory area divided into a plurality of memory areas including a first memory area and a second memory area; and
a smart buffer comprising:
a priority setting unit configured to receive the sensing data and the corresponding weight, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data based on the priority; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area,
wherein the channel controller allocates at least one HBM channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a HBM channel group in response to the HBM mode ON signal, and assigns the HBM channel group to process a HBM sensing data having a priority determined based on the corresponding weight greater than the predetermined threshold value. 21. The memory system of claim 18, wherein when the smart buffer receives the HBM mode ON signal from the controller, the smart buffer controls an amount of a HBM memory area to process the HBM sensing data, based on a change in size of the HBM sensing data. 22. The memory system of claim 18, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality of semiconductor chips which collectively provide the general memory area,
a first semiconductor chip among the plurality of semiconductor chips provides the first memory area, and at least two semiconductor chips among the plurality of semiconductor chips, other than the first semiconductor chip, provide the second memory area. 23. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises at least one of phase-change random-access memory (PRAM) device, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) device, and
the at least two semiconductor chips comprises at least one NAND flash memory device. 24. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the at least two semiconductor chips are vertically stacked, and the first memory area is connected to the second memory area using through silicon vias. 25. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip and each one of the at least two semiconductor chips is respectively connected to the smart buffer with a connecting wire. 26-30. (cancelled) | A memory device provides a first memory area and a second memory area. A smart buffer includes; a priority setting unit receiving sensing data and a corresponding weight, determining a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classifying the sensing data as first priority sensing data or second priority sensing data based on the priority, and a channel controller allocating a channel to a first channel group, allocating another channel to a second channel group, assigning the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assigning the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area.1. A memory device comprising:
a smart buffer; and a general memory area divided into a first memory area and a second memory area, wherein the smart buffer comprises:
a priority setting unit configured to receive a sensing data and a corresponding weight from a controller, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area,
wherein a number of data input/output (I/O) pins connected to the first channel group is greater than a number of data I/O pins connected to the second channel group. 2. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first interface configured to connect the at least one channel of the first channel group to the first memory area to transmit the first priority sensing data under control of the channel controller; and a second interface configured to connect the at least another channel of the second channel group to the second memory area to transmit the second priority sensing data under control of the channel controller. 3. The memory device of claim 2, wherein the first interface transmits the first priority sensing data to the first memory area in parallel, and the second interface serially transmits the second priority sensing data to the second memory area. 4. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising a mapping table,
wherein the mapping table maps the corresponding weight to the sensing data, and the priority setting unit classifies the sensing data as the first priority sensing data if the corresponding the weight is greater than or equal to a first threshold value. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area includes at least one of phase-change random-access memory (PRAM) cells, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) cells, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cells, and
the second memory area comprises NAND flash memory cells. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area comprises memory cells storing N-bit data and the second memory area includes memory cells storing M-bit data, where ‘N’ and ‘M’ are natural numbers, and M is greater than N. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area is implemented on a first semiconductor chip and the second memory area is implemented on at least one second semiconductor chip, different from the first semiconductor chip. 8. The memory device of claim 7, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the at least one second semiconductor chip are vertically stacked, and
the first memory area is connected to the second memory area using a plurality of through silicon vias. 9. The memory device of claim 7, wherein the at least one second semiconductor chip includes a second semiconductor chip and a third semiconductor chip, and
the first semiconductor chip is connected to a first interface of the smart buffer through a first wire, the second semiconductor chip is connected to a second interface through a second wire, and the third semiconductor chip is connected to the second interface through the second wire. 10. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the channel controller allocates the at least one channel to the first channel group, and allocates the at least another channel to the second channel group based on a size of the sensing data. 11. A memory device comprising:
a memory package including a smart buffer and a plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the smart buffer is implemented on a semiconductor chip different from the plurality of semiconductor chips and the plurality of semiconductor chips provide a plurality of memory areas including a first memory area and a second memory area, wherein the smart buffer includes:
a priority setting unit configured to receive a sensing data and a corresponding weight obtained by performing a neural network operation on the sensing data, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data based on the priority; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area. 12. The memory device of claim 11, wherein each one of the plurality of semiconductor chips provides one of the plurality of memory areas. 13-14. (cancelled) 15. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the smart buffer further includes:
a first interface configured to connect the first channel group to the first memory area and transmit the first priority sensing data at a first data transmission speed; and a second interface configured to connect the second channel group to the second memory area and transmit the second priority sensing data at a second data transmission speed slower than the first data transmission speed. 16. (canceled) 17. The memory device of claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of semiconductor chips provides a high bandwidth memory (HBM) area. 18. A memory system comprising:
a controller including a weight calculator configured to calculate a corresponding weight for a sensing data using a neural network operation, and a HBM (high bandwidth memory) mode controller configured to generate a HBM mode ON signal when the corresponding weight is greater than a predetermined threshold value; and a memory device comprising:
a general memory area divided into a plurality of memory areas including a first memory area and a second memory area; and
a smart buffer comprising:
a priority setting unit configured to receive the sensing data and the corresponding weight, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data based on the priority; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area,
wherein the channel controller allocates at least one HBM channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a HBM channel group in response to the HBM mode ON signal, and assigns the HBM channel group to process a HBM sensing data having a priority determined based on the corresponding weight greater than the predetermined threshold value. 21. The memory system of claim 18, wherein when the smart buffer receives the HBM mode ON signal from the controller, the smart buffer controls an amount of a HBM memory area to process the HBM sensing data, based on a change in size of the HBM sensing data. 22. The memory system of claim 18, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality of semiconductor chips which collectively provide the general memory area,
a first semiconductor chip among the plurality of semiconductor chips provides the first memory area, and at least two semiconductor chips among the plurality of semiconductor chips, other than the first semiconductor chip, provide the second memory area. 23. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises at least one of phase-change random-access memory (PRAM) device, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) device, and
the at least two semiconductor chips comprises at least one NAND flash memory device. 24. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the at least two semiconductor chips are vertically stacked, and the first memory area is connected to the second memory area using through silicon vias. 25. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip and each one of the at least two semiconductor chips is respectively connected to the smart buffer with a connecting wire. 26-30. (cancelled) | 3,600 |
349,375 | 350,249 | 16,853,819 | 3,614 | A memory device provides a first memory area and a second memory area. A smart buffer includes; a priority setting unit receiving sensing data and a corresponding weight, determining a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classifying the sensing data as first priority sensing data or second priority sensing data based on the priority, and a channel controller allocating a channel to a first channel group, allocating another channel to a second channel group, assigning the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assigning the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a smart buffer; and a general memory area divided into a first memory area and a second memory area, wherein the smart buffer comprises:
a priority setting unit configured to receive a sensing data and a corresponding weight from a controller, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area,
wherein a number of data input/output (I/O) pins connected to the first channel group is greater than a number of data I/O pins connected to the second channel group. 2. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first interface configured to connect the at least one channel of the first channel group to the first memory area to transmit the first priority sensing data under control of the channel controller; and a second interface configured to connect the at least another channel of the second channel group to the second memory area to transmit the second priority sensing data under control of the channel controller. 3. The memory device of claim 2, wherein the first interface transmits the first priority sensing data to the first memory area in parallel, and the second interface serially transmits the second priority sensing data to the second memory area. 4. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising a mapping table,
wherein the mapping table maps the corresponding weight to the sensing data, and the priority setting unit classifies the sensing data as the first priority sensing data if the corresponding the weight is greater than or equal to a first threshold value. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area includes at least one of phase-change random-access memory (PRAM) cells, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) cells, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cells, and
the second memory area comprises NAND flash memory cells. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area comprises memory cells storing N-bit data and the second memory area includes memory cells storing M-bit data, where ‘N’ and ‘M’ are natural numbers, and M is greater than N. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area is implemented on a first semiconductor chip and the second memory area is implemented on at least one second semiconductor chip, different from the first semiconductor chip. 8. The memory device of claim 7, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the at least one second semiconductor chip are vertically stacked, and
the first memory area is connected to the second memory area using a plurality of through silicon vias. 9. The memory device of claim 7, wherein the at least one second semiconductor chip includes a second semiconductor chip and a third semiconductor chip, and
the first semiconductor chip is connected to a first interface of the smart buffer through a first wire, the second semiconductor chip is connected to a second interface through a second wire, and the third semiconductor chip is connected to the second interface through the second wire. 10. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the channel controller allocates the at least one channel to the first channel group, and allocates the at least another channel to the second channel group based on a size of the sensing data. 11. A memory device comprising:
a memory package including a smart buffer and a plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the smart buffer is implemented on a semiconductor chip different from the plurality of semiconductor chips and the plurality of semiconductor chips provide a plurality of memory areas including a first memory area and a second memory area, wherein the smart buffer includes:
a priority setting unit configured to receive a sensing data and a corresponding weight obtained by performing a neural network operation on the sensing data, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data based on the priority; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area. 12. The memory device of claim 11, wherein each one of the plurality of semiconductor chips provides one of the plurality of memory areas. 13-14. (cancelled) 15. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the smart buffer further includes:
a first interface configured to connect the first channel group to the first memory area and transmit the first priority sensing data at a first data transmission speed; and a second interface configured to connect the second channel group to the second memory area and transmit the second priority sensing data at a second data transmission speed slower than the first data transmission speed. 16. (canceled) 17. The memory device of claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of semiconductor chips provides a high bandwidth memory (HBM) area. 18. A memory system comprising:
a controller including a weight calculator configured to calculate a corresponding weight for a sensing data using a neural network operation, and a HBM (high bandwidth memory) mode controller configured to generate a HBM mode ON signal when the corresponding weight is greater than a predetermined threshold value; and a memory device comprising:
a general memory area divided into a plurality of memory areas including a first memory area and a second memory area; and
a smart buffer comprising:
a priority setting unit configured to receive the sensing data and the corresponding weight, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data based on the priority; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area,
wherein the channel controller allocates at least one HBM channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a HBM channel group in response to the HBM mode ON signal, and assigns the HBM channel group to process a HBM sensing data having a priority determined based on the corresponding weight greater than the predetermined threshold value. 21. The memory system of claim 18, wherein when the smart buffer receives the HBM mode ON signal from the controller, the smart buffer controls an amount of a HBM memory area to process the HBM sensing data, based on a change in size of the HBM sensing data. 22. The memory system of claim 18, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality of semiconductor chips which collectively provide the general memory area,
a first semiconductor chip among the plurality of semiconductor chips provides the first memory area, and at least two semiconductor chips among the plurality of semiconductor chips, other than the first semiconductor chip, provide the second memory area. 23. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises at least one of phase-change random-access memory (PRAM) device, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) device, and
the at least two semiconductor chips comprises at least one NAND flash memory device. 24. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the at least two semiconductor chips are vertically stacked, and the first memory area is connected to the second memory area using through silicon vias. 25. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip and each one of the at least two semiconductor chips is respectively connected to the smart buffer with a connecting wire. 26-30. (cancelled) | A memory device provides a first memory area and a second memory area. A smart buffer includes; a priority setting unit receiving sensing data and a corresponding weight, determining a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classifying the sensing data as first priority sensing data or second priority sensing data based on the priority, and a channel controller allocating a channel to a first channel group, allocating another channel to a second channel group, assigning the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assigning the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area.1. A memory device comprising:
a smart buffer; and a general memory area divided into a first memory area and a second memory area, wherein the smart buffer comprises:
a priority setting unit configured to receive a sensing data and a corresponding weight from a controller, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area,
wherein a number of data input/output (I/O) pins connected to the first channel group is greater than a number of data I/O pins connected to the second channel group. 2. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first interface configured to connect the at least one channel of the first channel group to the first memory area to transmit the first priority sensing data under control of the channel controller; and a second interface configured to connect the at least another channel of the second channel group to the second memory area to transmit the second priority sensing data under control of the channel controller. 3. The memory device of claim 2, wherein the first interface transmits the first priority sensing data to the first memory area in parallel, and the second interface serially transmits the second priority sensing data to the second memory area. 4. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising a mapping table,
wherein the mapping table maps the corresponding weight to the sensing data, and the priority setting unit classifies the sensing data as the first priority sensing data if the corresponding the weight is greater than or equal to a first threshold value. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area includes at least one of phase-change random-access memory (PRAM) cells, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) cells, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cells, and
the second memory area comprises NAND flash memory cells. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area comprises memory cells storing N-bit data and the second memory area includes memory cells storing M-bit data, where ‘N’ and ‘M’ are natural numbers, and M is greater than N. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first memory area is implemented on a first semiconductor chip and the second memory area is implemented on at least one second semiconductor chip, different from the first semiconductor chip. 8. The memory device of claim 7, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the at least one second semiconductor chip are vertically stacked, and
the first memory area is connected to the second memory area using a plurality of through silicon vias. 9. The memory device of claim 7, wherein the at least one second semiconductor chip includes a second semiconductor chip and a third semiconductor chip, and
the first semiconductor chip is connected to a first interface of the smart buffer through a first wire, the second semiconductor chip is connected to a second interface through a second wire, and the third semiconductor chip is connected to the second interface through the second wire. 10. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the channel controller allocates the at least one channel to the first channel group, and allocates the at least another channel to the second channel group based on a size of the sensing data. 11. A memory device comprising:
a memory package including a smart buffer and a plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the smart buffer is implemented on a semiconductor chip different from the plurality of semiconductor chips and the plurality of semiconductor chips provide a plurality of memory areas including a first memory area and a second memory area, wherein the smart buffer includes:
a priority setting unit configured to receive a sensing data and a corresponding weight obtained by performing a neural network operation on the sensing data, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data based on the priority; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area. 12. The memory device of claim 11, wherein each one of the plurality of semiconductor chips provides one of the plurality of memory areas. 13-14. (cancelled) 15. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the smart buffer further includes:
a first interface configured to connect the first channel group to the first memory area and transmit the first priority sensing data at a first data transmission speed; and a second interface configured to connect the second channel group to the second memory area and transmit the second priority sensing data at a second data transmission speed slower than the first data transmission speed. 16. (canceled) 17. The memory device of claim 16, wherein at least one of the plurality of semiconductor chips provides a high bandwidth memory (HBM) area. 18. A memory system comprising:
a controller including a weight calculator configured to calculate a corresponding weight for a sensing data using a neural network operation, and a HBM (high bandwidth memory) mode controller configured to generate a HBM mode ON signal when the corresponding weight is greater than a predetermined threshold value; and a memory device comprising:
a general memory area divided into a plurality of memory areas including a first memory area and a second memory area; and
a smart buffer comprising:
a priority setting unit configured to receive the sensing data and the corresponding weight, determine a priority of the sensing data based on the corresponding weight, and classify the sensing data as one of first priority sensing data and second priority sensing data based on the priority; and
a channel controller configured to allocate at least one channel selected from among a plurality of channels to a first channel group, allocate at least another channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a second channel group, assign the first channel group to process the first priority sensing data in relation to the first memory area, and assign the second channel group to process the second priority sensing data in relation to the second memory area,
wherein the channel controller allocates at least one HBM channel selected from among the plurality of channels to a HBM channel group in response to the HBM mode ON signal, and assigns the HBM channel group to process a HBM sensing data having a priority determined based on the corresponding weight greater than the predetermined threshold value. 21. The memory system of claim 18, wherein when the smart buffer receives the HBM mode ON signal from the controller, the smart buffer controls an amount of a HBM memory area to process the HBM sensing data, based on a change in size of the HBM sensing data. 22. The memory system of claim 18, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality of semiconductor chips which collectively provide the general memory area,
a first semiconductor chip among the plurality of semiconductor chips provides the first memory area, and at least two semiconductor chips among the plurality of semiconductor chips, other than the first semiconductor chip, provide the second memory area. 23. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises at least one of phase-change random-access memory (PRAM) device, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) device, and
the at least two semiconductor chips comprises at least one NAND flash memory device. 24. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip and the at least two semiconductor chips are vertically stacked, and the first memory area is connected to the second memory area using through silicon vias. 25. The memory system of claim 23, wherein the first semiconductor chip and each one of the at least two semiconductor chips is respectively connected to the smart buffer with a connecting wire. 26-30. (cancelled) | 3,600 |
349,376 | 350,250 | 16,853,777 | 3,614 | The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method of forming the same, the semiconductor device includes a substrate, a gate structure, an insulating stacked structure and a first conductive layer. The gate structure is disposed on the substrate, and the insulating stacked structure covers the gate structure and the substrate to define a first opening thereinto expose a portion of the gate structure and a portion of the substrate. The first conductive layer covers surfaces of the first opening to directly contact the portion of the substrate and the portion of the gate structure, with the first conductive layer including two outer extension wings on a top surface of the insulating stacked structure. | 1. A method of forming semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a gate structure on the substrate; conformally forming an insulating stacked structure on the substrate, covering the gate structure and the substrate; forming a first opening in the insulating stacked structure to expose a portion of the gate structure; and forming a first conductive layer on surfaces of the first opening to directly contact the portion of the gate structure, wherein the first conductive layer comprises two outer extension wings on a top surface of the insulating stacked structure. 2. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming a dielectric layer only covering on the two outer extension wings of the first conductive layer; and forming a plug in the first opening, the dielectric layer only being sandwiched between the plug and the two outer extension wings. 3. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the forming of the dielectric layer and the first conductive layer comprises:
forming a conductive layer on the insulating stacked structure and the surfaces of the first opening; forming a material layer on the conductive layer; and removing a portion of the conductive layer and a portion of the material layer to form the first conductive layer and a patterned material layer only covering on the first conductive layer. 4. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the forming of the plug comprises:
partially removing the patterned material layer covered on the first conductive layer to form the dielectric layer; and forming the plug in the first opening to directly contact the first conductive layer formed at a bottom of the first opening. 5. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the insulating stacked structure comprises:
conformally forming a first insulating layer to cover the gate structure; conformally forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer; and performing a patterning process to define the first opening. 6. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming another gate structure paralleled disposed with the gate structure on the substrate, wherein a second opening is further formed in the insulating stacked structure, between the gate structure and the another gate structure, to expose a portion of the substrate between the gate structure and the another gate structure; and forming a second conductive layer, covering surfaces of the second opening to directly contact the portion of the substrate between the gate structure and the another gate structure, wherein the second conductive layer comprises two outer extension wings on the top surface of the insulating stacked structure, the two outer extension wings of the second conductive layer are extended outwardly and upwardly from the second opening, and the two outer extension wings of the first conductive layer are extended outwardly and downwardly from the first opening. | The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method of forming the same, the semiconductor device includes a substrate, a gate structure, an insulating stacked structure and a first conductive layer. The gate structure is disposed on the substrate, and the insulating stacked structure covers the gate structure and the substrate to define a first opening thereinto expose a portion of the gate structure and a portion of the substrate. The first conductive layer covers surfaces of the first opening to directly contact the portion of the substrate and the portion of the gate structure, with the first conductive layer including two outer extension wings on a top surface of the insulating stacked structure.1. A method of forming semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate; forming a gate structure on the substrate; conformally forming an insulating stacked structure on the substrate, covering the gate structure and the substrate; forming a first opening in the insulating stacked structure to expose a portion of the gate structure; and forming a first conductive layer on surfaces of the first opening to directly contact the portion of the gate structure, wherein the first conductive layer comprises two outer extension wings on a top surface of the insulating stacked structure. 2. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming a dielectric layer only covering on the two outer extension wings of the first conductive layer; and forming a plug in the first opening, the dielectric layer only being sandwiched between the plug and the two outer extension wings. 3. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the forming of the dielectric layer and the first conductive layer comprises:
forming a conductive layer on the insulating stacked structure and the surfaces of the first opening; forming a material layer on the conductive layer; and removing a portion of the conductive layer and a portion of the material layer to form the first conductive layer and a patterned material layer only covering on the first conductive layer. 4. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the forming of the plug comprises:
partially removing the patterned material layer covered on the first conductive layer to form the dielectric layer; and forming the plug in the first opening to directly contact the first conductive layer formed at a bottom of the first opening. 5. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the forming of the insulating stacked structure comprises:
conformally forming a first insulating layer to cover the gate structure; conformally forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer; and performing a patterning process to define the first opening. 6. The method of forming semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming another gate structure paralleled disposed with the gate structure on the substrate, wherein a second opening is further formed in the insulating stacked structure, between the gate structure and the another gate structure, to expose a portion of the substrate between the gate structure and the another gate structure; and forming a second conductive layer, covering surfaces of the second opening to directly contact the portion of the substrate between the gate structure and the another gate structure, wherein the second conductive layer comprises two outer extension wings on the top surface of the insulating stacked structure, the two outer extension wings of the second conductive layer are extended outwardly and upwardly from the second opening, and the two outer extension wings of the first conductive layer are extended outwardly and downwardly from the first opening. | 3,600 |
349,377 | 350,251 | 16,853,804 | 3,614 | Methods, systems, and storage media are provided for accessibility services to assist users with disabilities in using touch-based interfaces and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). A client system generates and renders a GUI of a client application that comprises one or more graphical objects. The client system operates a service to identify graphical objects that refer or link to advertisements or other third party resources. The service applies a protective measure to the identified graphical objects, which prevent user inputs (e.g., “taps”) from being accepted by the client system. The protective measure may include a distinguishing effect to visually distinguish the protective measure from other graphical objects in the GUI. The user may remove the protective measure by performing a predefined gesture. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed. | 1. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media (NTCRSM) comprising instructions, wherein execution of the instructions by a processor of a mobile device is to cause the mobile device to:
render a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, the GUI comprising one or more graphical objects; identify a third part graphical object (TPGO) from among the one or more graphical objects, the TPGO being a graphical object that corresponds to a third party resource (TPR) and being a reference to the TPR, the TPR being a resource that is served by an entity separate from the application in response to activation of the TPGO; and apply a protective measure to the TPGO to prevent user inputs at or on the TPGO from being accepted by the mobile device, the protective measure also including a distinguishing effect to visually distinguish the TPGO from other graphical objects of the GUI. 2. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 2, wherein the protective measure is a wrapper or window overlaid on top of the TPGO. 3. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein:
when the TPGO occupies a portion of the GUI, the protective measure is only applied to the portion of the GUI including the TPGO; and when the TPGO occupies an entirety of a display area of the mobile device, the protective measure also occupies an entirety of the display area. 4. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein the protective measure further includes a graphical control element (GCE), and execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
detect a user interaction (UIA) with the GCE; and remove the protective measure from the TPGO in response to detection of the UIA, wherein removal of the protective measure allows user inputs at or on the TPGO to be being accepted by the mobile device and removes the distinguishing effect from the TPGO. 5. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 4, wherein the UIA is a tap-and-hold gesture for a predefined period of time, a tap-and-hold gesture and a slide gesture, or a flick gesture. 6. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein, to identify the TPGO, execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
in response to rendering the GUI, execute a locator strategy to locate GUI elements within the GUI, the GUI elements corresponding to a respective graphical object of the one or more graphical objects. 7. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 6, wherein the locator strategy is one of an XPath locator strategy, an element identifier (id) or resource id locator strategy, a class name locator strategy, a predicate string locator strategy, or an accessibility id locator strategy. 8. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein, to apply the protective measure to the TPGO, execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
determine geometric and position parameters of the TPGO; and generate an overlay graphical object having a same geometric and position parameters as the determined geometric and position parameters of the TPGO. 9. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein, to apply the protective measure to the TPGO, execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
collect parameters of the application; and operate a machine learning model to determine a type of protective measure to be applied to the TPGO and a type of distinguishing effect to be applied to the protective measure, the collected parameters of the application being inputs to the machine learning model and outputs of the machine learning model being the type of protective measure and the type of distinguishing effect. 10. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein, to identify the TPGO, execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
receive an accessibility event indicating a presence of the TPGO in the application; and generate an overlay over the TPGO indicated by the accessibility event. 11. A mobile device comprising:
a touch interface operable to receive touch inputs from a user of the mobile device; and processor circuitry communicatively coupled with the touch interface, the processor circuitry configurable to: operate application logic to cause a graphical user interface (GUI) to be displayed on a display device, and interpret at least some of the received touch inputs as interactions with the GUI; and operate protective measure logic to:
identify a graphical object in the GUI to be overlaid with a guard; and
apply the guard to the identified graphical object, the guard including a distinguishing effect to visually indicate the identified graphical object as being guarded, and the guard is to prevent the received touch inputs at or on the guard from being interpreted as inputs to the application logic. 12. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to generate, as the guard, a window or overlay user interface element to be overlaid on top of the identified graphical object. 13. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the guard further includes a guard graphical object, and the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
interpret at least some of the received touch inputs at or on the guard graphical object as an unguard touch gesture; and remove the protective measure from the identified graphical object in response to determining that the touch gesture is a predefined touch gesture for removing the guard. 14. The mobile device of claim 13, wherein the predefined touch gesture is a tap-and-hold gesture for a predefined period of time, a tap-and-hold gesture plus a slide gesture, or a flick gesture. 15. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the guard further includes a guard graphical object, and the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
interpret at least some of the received touch inputs at or on the guard graphical object as an unguard gesture, the unguard gesture being a predefined touch gesture for removing the guard; remove the distinguishing effect from the guard in response to determining that the touch gesture is the unguard gesture; and pass received touch inputs at or on the guard to the application for manipulation of the graphical object overlaid by the guard. 16. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein, to identify the graphical object, the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
execute a locator strategy to locate GUI elements within the GUI, the GUI elements corresponding to a respective graphical object of the one or more graphical objects, wherein the locator strategy is one of an XPath locator strategy, an element identifier (id) or resource id locator strategy, a class name locator strategy, a predicate string locator strategy, or an accessibility id locator strategy. 17. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the protective measure logic is an accessibility service and, to identify the graphical object, the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
receive an accessibility event indicating a presence of the graphical object in the application; and generate an overlay over the graphical object indicated by the accessibility event. 18. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein, to apply the guard to the identified graphical object, the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
determine geometric and position parameters of the identified graphical object; and generate an overlay graphical object having a same geometric and position parameters as the determined geometric and position parameters of the TPGO. 19. A computing system comprising:
network interface circuitry (NIC) configurable to:
obtain user experience data (UXD) from a client device, the UXD indicating user interactions (UIAs) with one or more graphical elements in applications or webpages, and
send a machine learning (ML) model to the client device for predicted when and how to apply a protective measure to third party graphical objects in the applications or webpages; and
processor circuitry coupled with the network interface circuitry, the processor circuitry configurable to operate an ML algorithm to generate an ML model for the client device using the UXD as training data, the ML model using parameters of the applications or webpages as inputs and providing protective measures to be applied to the applications or webpages when running. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the processor circuitry is configurable to operate one or more heuristic analysis engines to scan the applications or webpages for graphical objects to be displayed by the applications or webpages, and determine graphical objects over which protective measures should be placed based on the UXD. | Methods, systems, and storage media are provided for accessibility services to assist users with disabilities in using touch-based interfaces and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). A client system generates and renders a GUI of a client application that comprises one or more graphical objects. The client system operates a service to identify graphical objects that refer or link to advertisements or other third party resources. The service applies a protective measure to the identified graphical objects, which prevent user inputs (e.g., “taps”) from being accepted by the client system. The protective measure may include a distinguishing effect to visually distinguish the protective measure from other graphical objects in the GUI. The user may remove the protective measure by performing a predefined gesture. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.1. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media (NTCRSM) comprising instructions, wherein execution of the instructions by a processor of a mobile device is to cause the mobile device to:
render a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, the GUI comprising one or more graphical objects; identify a third part graphical object (TPGO) from among the one or more graphical objects, the TPGO being a graphical object that corresponds to a third party resource (TPR) and being a reference to the TPR, the TPR being a resource that is served by an entity separate from the application in response to activation of the TPGO; and apply a protective measure to the TPGO to prevent user inputs at or on the TPGO from being accepted by the mobile device, the protective measure also including a distinguishing effect to visually distinguish the TPGO from other graphical objects of the GUI. 2. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 2, wherein the protective measure is a wrapper or window overlaid on top of the TPGO. 3. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein:
when the TPGO occupies a portion of the GUI, the protective measure is only applied to the portion of the GUI including the TPGO; and when the TPGO occupies an entirety of a display area of the mobile device, the protective measure also occupies an entirety of the display area. 4. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein the protective measure further includes a graphical control element (GCE), and execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
detect a user interaction (UIA) with the GCE; and remove the protective measure from the TPGO in response to detection of the UIA, wherein removal of the protective measure allows user inputs at or on the TPGO to be being accepted by the mobile device and removes the distinguishing effect from the TPGO. 5. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 4, wherein the UIA is a tap-and-hold gesture for a predefined period of time, a tap-and-hold gesture and a slide gesture, or a flick gesture. 6. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein, to identify the TPGO, execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
in response to rendering the GUI, execute a locator strategy to locate GUI elements within the GUI, the GUI elements corresponding to a respective graphical object of the one or more graphical objects. 7. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 6, wherein the locator strategy is one of an XPath locator strategy, an element identifier (id) or resource id locator strategy, a class name locator strategy, a predicate string locator strategy, or an accessibility id locator strategy. 8. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein, to apply the protective measure to the TPGO, execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
determine geometric and position parameters of the TPGO; and generate an overlay graphical object having a same geometric and position parameters as the determined geometric and position parameters of the TPGO. 9. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein, to apply the protective measure to the TPGO, execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
collect parameters of the application; and operate a machine learning model to determine a type of protective measure to be applied to the TPGO and a type of distinguishing effect to be applied to the protective measure, the collected parameters of the application being inputs to the machine learning model and outputs of the machine learning model being the type of protective measure and the type of distinguishing effect. 10. The one or more NTCRSM of claim 1, wherein, to identify the TPGO, execution of the instructions is to cause the mobile device to:
receive an accessibility event indicating a presence of the TPGO in the application; and generate an overlay over the TPGO indicated by the accessibility event. 11. A mobile device comprising:
a touch interface operable to receive touch inputs from a user of the mobile device; and processor circuitry communicatively coupled with the touch interface, the processor circuitry configurable to: operate application logic to cause a graphical user interface (GUI) to be displayed on a display device, and interpret at least some of the received touch inputs as interactions with the GUI; and operate protective measure logic to:
identify a graphical object in the GUI to be overlaid with a guard; and
apply the guard to the identified graphical object, the guard including a distinguishing effect to visually indicate the identified graphical object as being guarded, and the guard is to prevent the received touch inputs at or on the guard from being interpreted as inputs to the application logic. 12. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to generate, as the guard, a window or overlay user interface element to be overlaid on top of the identified graphical object. 13. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the guard further includes a guard graphical object, and the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
interpret at least some of the received touch inputs at or on the guard graphical object as an unguard touch gesture; and remove the protective measure from the identified graphical object in response to determining that the touch gesture is a predefined touch gesture for removing the guard. 14. The mobile device of claim 13, wherein the predefined touch gesture is a tap-and-hold gesture for a predefined period of time, a tap-and-hold gesture plus a slide gesture, or a flick gesture. 15. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the guard further includes a guard graphical object, and the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
interpret at least some of the received touch inputs at or on the guard graphical object as an unguard gesture, the unguard gesture being a predefined touch gesture for removing the guard; remove the distinguishing effect from the guard in response to determining that the touch gesture is the unguard gesture; and pass received touch inputs at or on the guard to the application for manipulation of the graphical object overlaid by the guard. 16. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein, to identify the graphical object, the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
execute a locator strategy to locate GUI elements within the GUI, the GUI elements corresponding to a respective graphical object of the one or more graphical objects, wherein the locator strategy is one of an XPath locator strategy, an element identifier (id) or resource id locator strategy, a class name locator strategy, a predicate string locator strategy, or an accessibility id locator strategy. 17. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein the protective measure logic is an accessibility service and, to identify the graphical object, the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
receive an accessibility event indicating a presence of the graphical object in the application; and generate an overlay over the graphical object indicated by the accessibility event. 18. The mobile device of claim 11, wherein, to apply the guard to the identified graphical object, the processor circuitry is configurable to operate protective measure logic to:
determine geometric and position parameters of the identified graphical object; and generate an overlay graphical object having a same geometric and position parameters as the determined geometric and position parameters of the TPGO. 19. A computing system comprising:
network interface circuitry (NIC) configurable to:
obtain user experience data (UXD) from a client device, the UXD indicating user interactions (UIAs) with one or more graphical elements in applications or webpages, and
send a machine learning (ML) model to the client device for predicted when and how to apply a protective measure to third party graphical objects in the applications or webpages; and
processor circuitry coupled with the network interface circuitry, the processor circuitry configurable to operate an ML algorithm to generate an ML model for the client device using the UXD as training data, the ML model using parameters of the applications or webpages as inputs and providing protective measures to be applied to the applications or webpages when running. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the processor circuitry is configurable to operate one or more heuristic analysis engines to scan the applications or webpages for graphical objects to be displayed by the applications or webpages, and determine graphical objects over which protective measures should be placed based on the UXD. | 3,600 |
349,378 | 350,252 | 16,853,826 | 3,614 | A method for protecting a first machine learning (ML) model is provided. In the method, a dataset of non-problem domain (NPD) data is selected from a large dataset using a second ML model. The second ML model classifies the large dataset into NPD classifications and PD classifications. The PD classified data is excluded. A distinguisher includes a third ML model that is trained using selected NPD data from the large dataset. The distinguisher receives input samples that are intended for the first ML model. The third ML model provides either a PD classification or NPD classification in response to receiving each input sample. An indication of a likely extraction attempt may be provided when a predetermined number of NPD classifications are provided. The method provides an efficient way to create a training dataset for a distinguisher and for protecting a ML model with the distinguisher. | 1. A method for protecting a first machine learning (ML) model from extraction, the method comprising:
receiving a trained first ML model that was trained using a first dataset comprising a first plurality of problem domain samples within a problem domain of the first ML model; receiving a second dataset comprising a plurality of samples; using a trained second ML model, classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications, wherein each classification of the first plurality of classifications comprises one or more samples assigned to each of the first plurality of classifications; using the trained second ML model, classifying the second dataset as a second plurality of classifications; selecting classifications of the second plurality of classifications that are not classifications of the problem domain of the first dataset; creating a third dataset comprising the first dataset and the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications; training a third ML model using the third dataset to classify input samples as problem domain samples of the first ML model and non-problem domain samples of the first ML model; wherein the trained third ML model is used to distinguish whether an input sample intended as an input for the first ML model during inference operation of the first ML model, is a problem domain sample or a non-problem domain sample; wherein the input sample is provided to the first ML model when the input sample is classified as a problem domain sample; and wherein an indication of a likely extraction attack directed at the first ML model is provided when the input sample is classified as a non-problem domain sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications further comprises providing a confidence level that the one or more samples belongs to the assigned classification. 3. The method of claim 1, providing an indication of a likely extraction attack directed at the first ML model when the input sample is classified as a non-problem domain sample further comprises providing an indication of a likely extraction attack when the first input sample is one of a plurality of non-problem domain samples classified by the third ML model. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein using a second trained ML model trained on the second dataset further comprises using a publicly available pretrained ML model. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein using a second trained ML model further comprises:
collecting a plurality of data samples; and training a ML model on the plurality of data samples to produce the second trained ML model. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein using the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications to create a third dataset further comprises selecting a plurality of samples to be removed from the third dataset so that the third dataset comprises a substantially same number of samples as the first dataset. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises randomly selecting the plurality of samples to be removed. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises selecting the plurality of samples based on an associated confidence that each of the plurality of samples belongs to an assigned classification. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises selecting the plurality of samples based on a distribution of the first dataset. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the third dataset comprises images. 11. A method for protecting a first machine learning (ML) model from extraction, the method comprising:
receiving a trained first ML model trained using a first dataset comprising a first plurality of problem domain samples within a problem domain of the first ML model; receiving a second dataset comprising a plurality of samples; using a second trained ML model trained on the second dataset, classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications, wherein each classification of the first plurality of classifications comprises one or more samples assigned to each of the first plurality of classifications; using the second trained ML model, classifying the second dataset as a second plurality of classifications; selecting classifications of the second plurality of classifications that are not classifications of the problem domain of the first dataset; creating a third dataset comprising the first dataset and the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications; training a third ML model using the third dataset to classify input samples as problem domain samples of the first ML model and non-problem domain samples of the first ML model; wherein the trained third ML model is used to distinguish whether a plurality of input samples intended as an input for the first ML model during inference operation of the first ML model, are problem domain samples or non-problem domain samples; wherein each of the input samples are provided to the first ML model that are classified as problem domain samples; and wherein an indication of a likely extraction attack directed at the first ML model is provided when a predetermined number of input samples are classified as non-problem domain samples. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications further comprises providing a confidence level that the one or more samples belongs to the assigned classification. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein using a second trained ML model further comprises using a publicly available pretrained ML model. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein using a second trained ML model further comprises:
collecting a plurality of data samples; and training a ML model on the plurality of data samples to produce the second trained ML model. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein using the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications to create a third dataset further comprises selecting a plurality of samples to be removed from the third dataset so that the third dataset comprises a substantially same number of samples as the first dataset. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises randomly selecting the plurality of samples to be removed. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises selecting the plurality of samples based on an associated confidence that each of the plurality of samples belongs to an assigned classification. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises selecting the plurality of samples based on a distribution of the first dataset. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising implementing the method using a computer program comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, carry out the method. 20. A computer program comprising executable instructions on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium for protecting a first machine learning (ML) model from extraction, the computer program comprising:
instructions for receiving a trained first ML model trained using a first dataset comprising a first plurality of problem domain samples within a problem domain of the first ML model; instructions for receiving a second dataset comprising a plurality of samples; instructions for using a second trained ML model, classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications, wherein each classification of the first plurality of classifications comprises one or more samples assigned to each of the first plurality of classifications; instructions for using the second trained ML model, classifying the second dataset as a second plurality of classifications; instructions for selecting classifications of the second plurality of classifications that are not classifications of the problem domain of the first dataset; instructions for creating a third dataset comprising the first dataset and the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications; instructions for training a third ML model using the third dataset to classify input samples as problem domain samples of the first ML model and non-problem domain samples of the first ML model; wherein the trained third ML model is used to distinguish whether an input sample intended as an input for the first ML model during inference operation of the first ML model, is a problem domain sample or a non-problem domain sample; wherein the input sample is provided to the first ML model when the input sample is classified as a problem domain sample; and wherein an indication of a likely extraction attack directed at the first ML model is provided when the input sample is classified as a non-problem domain sample. | A method for protecting a first machine learning (ML) model is provided. In the method, a dataset of non-problem domain (NPD) data is selected from a large dataset using a second ML model. The second ML model classifies the large dataset into NPD classifications and PD classifications. The PD classified data is excluded. A distinguisher includes a third ML model that is trained using selected NPD data from the large dataset. The distinguisher receives input samples that are intended for the first ML model. The third ML model provides either a PD classification or NPD classification in response to receiving each input sample. An indication of a likely extraction attempt may be provided when a predetermined number of NPD classifications are provided. The method provides an efficient way to create a training dataset for a distinguisher and for protecting a ML model with the distinguisher.1. A method for protecting a first machine learning (ML) model from extraction, the method comprising:
receiving a trained first ML model that was trained using a first dataset comprising a first plurality of problem domain samples within a problem domain of the first ML model; receiving a second dataset comprising a plurality of samples; using a trained second ML model, classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications, wherein each classification of the first plurality of classifications comprises one or more samples assigned to each of the first plurality of classifications; using the trained second ML model, classifying the second dataset as a second plurality of classifications; selecting classifications of the second plurality of classifications that are not classifications of the problem domain of the first dataset; creating a third dataset comprising the first dataset and the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications; training a third ML model using the third dataset to classify input samples as problem domain samples of the first ML model and non-problem domain samples of the first ML model; wherein the trained third ML model is used to distinguish whether an input sample intended as an input for the first ML model during inference operation of the first ML model, is a problem domain sample or a non-problem domain sample; wherein the input sample is provided to the first ML model when the input sample is classified as a problem domain sample; and wherein an indication of a likely extraction attack directed at the first ML model is provided when the input sample is classified as a non-problem domain sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications further comprises providing a confidence level that the one or more samples belongs to the assigned classification. 3. The method of claim 1, providing an indication of a likely extraction attack directed at the first ML model when the input sample is classified as a non-problem domain sample further comprises providing an indication of a likely extraction attack when the first input sample is one of a plurality of non-problem domain samples classified by the third ML model. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein using a second trained ML model trained on the second dataset further comprises using a publicly available pretrained ML model. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein using a second trained ML model further comprises:
collecting a plurality of data samples; and training a ML model on the plurality of data samples to produce the second trained ML model. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein using the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications to create a third dataset further comprises selecting a plurality of samples to be removed from the third dataset so that the third dataset comprises a substantially same number of samples as the first dataset. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises randomly selecting the plurality of samples to be removed. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises selecting the plurality of samples based on an associated confidence that each of the plurality of samples belongs to an assigned classification. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises selecting the plurality of samples based on a distribution of the first dataset. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the third dataset comprises images. 11. A method for protecting a first machine learning (ML) model from extraction, the method comprising:
receiving a trained first ML model trained using a first dataset comprising a first plurality of problem domain samples within a problem domain of the first ML model; receiving a second dataset comprising a plurality of samples; using a second trained ML model trained on the second dataset, classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications, wherein each classification of the first plurality of classifications comprises one or more samples assigned to each of the first plurality of classifications; using the second trained ML model, classifying the second dataset as a second plurality of classifications; selecting classifications of the second plurality of classifications that are not classifications of the problem domain of the first dataset; creating a third dataset comprising the first dataset and the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications; training a third ML model using the third dataset to classify input samples as problem domain samples of the first ML model and non-problem domain samples of the first ML model; wherein the trained third ML model is used to distinguish whether a plurality of input samples intended as an input for the first ML model during inference operation of the first ML model, are problem domain samples or non-problem domain samples; wherein each of the input samples are provided to the first ML model that are classified as problem domain samples; and wherein an indication of a likely extraction attack directed at the first ML model is provided when a predetermined number of input samples are classified as non-problem domain samples. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications further comprises providing a confidence level that the one or more samples belongs to the assigned classification. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein using a second trained ML model further comprises using a publicly available pretrained ML model. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein using a second trained ML model further comprises:
collecting a plurality of data samples; and training a ML model on the plurality of data samples to produce the second trained ML model. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein using the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications to create a third dataset further comprises selecting a plurality of samples to be removed from the third dataset so that the third dataset comprises a substantially same number of samples as the first dataset. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises randomly selecting the plurality of samples to be removed. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises selecting the plurality of samples based on an associated confidence that each of the plurality of samples belongs to an assigned classification. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein selecting the plurality of samples to be removed further comprises selecting the plurality of samples based on a distribution of the first dataset. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising implementing the method using a computer program comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, carry out the method. 20. A computer program comprising executable instructions on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium for protecting a first machine learning (ML) model from extraction, the computer program comprising:
instructions for receiving a trained first ML model trained using a first dataset comprising a first plurality of problem domain samples within a problem domain of the first ML model; instructions for receiving a second dataset comprising a plurality of samples; instructions for using a second trained ML model, classifying the first dataset into a first plurality of classifications, wherein each classification of the first plurality of classifications comprises one or more samples assigned to each of the first plurality of classifications; instructions for using the second trained ML model, classifying the second dataset as a second plurality of classifications; instructions for selecting classifications of the second plurality of classifications that are not classifications of the problem domain of the first dataset; instructions for creating a third dataset comprising the first dataset and the selected classifications of the second plurality of classifications; instructions for training a third ML model using the third dataset to classify input samples as problem domain samples of the first ML model and non-problem domain samples of the first ML model; wherein the trained third ML model is used to distinguish whether an input sample intended as an input for the first ML model during inference operation of the first ML model, is a problem domain sample or a non-problem domain sample; wherein the input sample is provided to the first ML model when the input sample is classified as a problem domain sample; and wherein an indication of a likely extraction attack directed at the first ML model is provided when the input sample is classified as a non-problem domain sample. | 3,600 |
349,379 | 350,253 | 16,853,801 | 3,614 | An image display device is a self-luminous type device including a light emitting portion, and a casing portion of a display device unit has a heat dissipating structure portion through which a part of the image display device is exposed for heat dissipation. In manufacturing the display device unit, when performing simple and reliable assembly while securing a high heat dissipation characteristic, for example, by using characteristics of a silicon substrate, high accurate positioning is performed in a display device positioning portion. | 1. A head mounted display comprising:
a first display device includes a first video device, a first casing portion, a first projection optical system, a first frame portion, a first light guide member, and a first thermal conductive tape; a second display device includes a second video device, a second casing portion, a second projection optical system, a second frame portion, a second light guide member, and a second thermal conductive tape, wherein the first video device emits first video light from a light emitting surface of the first video device to the first projection optical system, the second video device emits second video light from a light emitting surface of the second video device to the second projection optical system, the first projection optical system emits the first video light from the first video device to the first light guide member, the second projection optical system emits the second video light from the second video device to the second light guide member, the first casing portion accommodates the first video device and exposes an opposite surface of the first video device, the opposite surface of the first video device is a surface opposite to the light emitting surface of the first video light, the second casing portion accommodates the second video device and exposes an opposite surface of the second video device, the opposite surface of the second video device is a surface opposite to the light emitting surface of the second video light, the first thermal conductive tape attached both of the opposite surface of the first video device and a surface of the first frame portion that is not parallel with the surface of the first frame portion, the second thermal conductive tape attached both of the opposite surface of the second video device and a surface of the second frame portion that is not parallel with the surface of the first frame portion. 2. The head mounted display according to claim 1,
wherein the first video device includes an OLED element on a first silicon substrate, the second video device includes an OLED element on a second silicon substrate, the opposite surface of the first video device is a surface of the first silicon substrate, and the opposite surface of the second video device is a surface of the second silicon substrate. 3. The head mounted display according to claim 2,
wherein the first video device contacts with the first casing portion at edge surfaces of the first silicon substrate, and the second video device contacts with the second casing portion at edge surfaces of the second silicon substrate. 4. The head mounted display according to claim 1,
wherein the first casing portion includes a first video device positioning portion that contacts with a place other than the opposite surface of the first video device, and the second casing portion includes a second video device positioning portion that contacts with a place other than the opposite surface of the second video device. 5. The head mounted display according to claim 1,
wherein the first video device includes a first flexible printed circuit portion that is not overlapped with the first thermal conductive tape, the second video device includes a second flexible printed circuit portion that is not overlapped with the second thermal conductive tape. 6. The head mounted display according to claim 5,
wherein the first flexible printed circuit portion includes a thermal conductive material, and the second flexible printed circuit portion includes a thermal conductive material. | An image display device is a self-luminous type device including a light emitting portion, and a casing portion of a display device unit has a heat dissipating structure portion through which a part of the image display device is exposed for heat dissipation. In manufacturing the display device unit, when performing simple and reliable assembly while securing a high heat dissipation characteristic, for example, by using characteristics of a silicon substrate, high accurate positioning is performed in a display device positioning portion.1. A head mounted display comprising:
a first display device includes a first video device, a first casing portion, a first projection optical system, a first frame portion, a first light guide member, and a first thermal conductive tape; a second display device includes a second video device, a second casing portion, a second projection optical system, a second frame portion, a second light guide member, and a second thermal conductive tape, wherein the first video device emits first video light from a light emitting surface of the first video device to the first projection optical system, the second video device emits second video light from a light emitting surface of the second video device to the second projection optical system, the first projection optical system emits the first video light from the first video device to the first light guide member, the second projection optical system emits the second video light from the second video device to the second light guide member, the first casing portion accommodates the first video device and exposes an opposite surface of the first video device, the opposite surface of the first video device is a surface opposite to the light emitting surface of the first video light, the second casing portion accommodates the second video device and exposes an opposite surface of the second video device, the opposite surface of the second video device is a surface opposite to the light emitting surface of the second video light, the first thermal conductive tape attached both of the opposite surface of the first video device and a surface of the first frame portion that is not parallel with the surface of the first frame portion, the second thermal conductive tape attached both of the opposite surface of the second video device and a surface of the second frame portion that is not parallel with the surface of the first frame portion. 2. The head mounted display according to claim 1,
wherein the first video device includes an OLED element on a first silicon substrate, the second video device includes an OLED element on a second silicon substrate, the opposite surface of the first video device is a surface of the first silicon substrate, and the opposite surface of the second video device is a surface of the second silicon substrate. 3. The head mounted display according to claim 2,
wherein the first video device contacts with the first casing portion at edge surfaces of the first silicon substrate, and the second video device contacts with the second casing portion at edge surfaces of the second silicon substrate. 4. The head mounted display according to claim 1,
wherein the first casing portion includes a first video device positioning portion that contacts with a place other than the opposite surface of the first video device, and the second casing portion includes a second video device positioning portion that contacts with a place other than the opposite surface of the second video device. 5. The head mounted display according to claim 1,
wherein the first video device includes a first flexible printed circuit portion that is not overlapped with the first thermal conductive tape, the second video device includes a second flexible printed circuit portion that is not overlapped with the second thermal conductive tape. 6. The head mounted display according to claim 5,
wherein the first flexible printed circuit portion includes a thermal conductive material, and the second flexible printed circuit portion includes a thermal conductive material. | 3,600 |
349,380 | 350,254 | 16,853,818 | 3,614 | A method and apparatus for training a character detector based on weak supervision, a character detection system and a computer readable storage medium are provided, wherein the method includes: inputting coarse-grained annotation information of a to-be-processed object, wherein the coarse-grained annotation information including a whole bounding outline of a word, text bar or line of the to-be-processed object; dividing the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object; obtaining a predicted bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object through a neural network model from the coarse-grained annotation information; and determining a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object as character-based annotation of the to-be-processed object, according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box. | 1. A method for training a character detector based on weak supervision, comprising:
inputting coarse-grained annotation information of a to-be-processed object, the coarse-grained annotation information including a whole bounding outline of a word, text bar or line of the to-be-processed object; dividing the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object; obtaining a predicted bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object through a neural network model from the coarse-grained annotation information; and determining a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object as character-based annotation of the to-be-processed object, according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box, wherein determining a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box comprises: determining whether both a first condition and a second condition are satisfied, the first condition being that a confidence of the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset confidence threshold, and the second condition being that an overlap ratio of the coarse bounding box to the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset overlap ratio threshold; adjusting the coarse bounding box based on the predicted bounding box, to generate the fine bounding box, in a case that both the first condition and the second condition are satisfied; and determining boundaries of the coarse bounding box as boundaries of the fine bounding box, in a case that at least one of the first condition and the second condition is not satisfied. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the whole bounding outline comprises a polygon. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein dividing the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object comprises:
equally dividing the polygon of the coarse-grained annotation information into N portions, wherein a direction perpendicular to a long axis of the polygon is an extension direction of a division line; and N is the number of character in the coarse-grained annotation information, or is an integer obtained by rounding a quotient obtained by dividing a length of the long axis of the polygon by a length of the shortest edge of the polygon. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the coarse bounding box based on the predicted bounding box, to generate the fine bounding box comprises:
determining whether an angle between a long axis and a transverse axis of the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information is less than or equal to 45°; in a case that the angle is less than or equal to 45°, determining upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determining left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively; in a case that the angle is larger than 45°, determining upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determining left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after determining a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box, the method further comprises:
calculating a loss function of the neural network model according to the fine bounding box; and updating a parameter value of the neural network model through an error backpropagation algorithm, based on the loss function. 6. An apparatus for training a character detector based on weak supervision, the apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors to: input coarse-grained annotation information of a to-be-processed object, the coarse-grained annotation information including a whole bounding outline of a word, text bar or line of the to-be-processed object; divide the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object; obtain a predicted bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object through a neural network model from the coarse-grained annotation information; and determine a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object as character-based annotation of the to-be-processed object, according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors further to: determine whether both a first condition and a second condition are satisfied, the first condition being that a confidence of the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset confidence threshold, and the second condition being that an overlap ratio of the coarse bounding box to the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset overlap ratio threshold; adjust the coarse bounding box based on the predicted bounding box, to generate the fine bounding box, in a case that both the first condition and the second condition are satisfied; and determine boundaries of the coarse bounding box as boundaries of the fine bounding box, in a case that at least one of the first condition and the second condition is not satisfied. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the whole bounding outline comprises a polygon. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors further to:
equally divide the polygon of the coarse-grained annotation information into N portions, wherein a direction perpendicular to a long axis of the polygon is an extension direction of a division line; and N is the number of character in the coarse-grained annotation information, or is an integer obtained by rounding a quotient obtained by dividing a length of the long axis of the polygon by a length of the shortest edge of the polygon. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors further to:
determine whether an angle between a long axis and a transverse axis of the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information is less than or equal to 45°; in a case that the angle is less than or equal to 45°, determine upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determine left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively; in a case that the angle is larger than 45°, determine upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determine left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively. 10. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors further to: calculate a loss function of the neural network model according to the fine bounding box, and update a parameter value of the neural network model through an error back-propagation algorithm, based on the loss function. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, enables the processor to:
input coarse-grained annotation information of a to-be-processed object, the coarse-grained annotation information including a whole bounding outline of a word, text bar or line of the to-be-processed object; divide the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object; obtain a predicted bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object through a neural network model from the coarse-grained annotation information; and determine a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object as character-based annotation of the to-be-processed object, according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, enables the processor further to: determine whether both a first condition and a second condition are satisfied, the first condition being that a confidence of the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset confidence threshold, and the second condition being that an overlap ratio of the coarse bounding box to the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset overlap ratio threshold; adjust the coarse bounding box based on the predicted bounding box, to generate the fine bounding box, in a case that both the first condition and the second condition are satisfied; and determine boundaries of the coarse bounding box as boundaries of the fine bounding box, in a case that at least one of the first condition and the second condition is not satisfied. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the whole bounding outline comprises a polygon. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 12, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, enables the processor further to:
equally divide the polygon of the coarse-grained annotation information into N portions, wherein a direction perpendicular to a long axis of the polygon is an extension direction of a division line; and N is the number of character in the coarse-grained annotation information, or is an integer obtained by rounding a quotient obtained by dividing a length of the long axis of the polygon by a length of the shortest edge of the polygon. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, enables the processor further to:
determine whether an angle between a long axis and a transverse axis of the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information is less than or equal to 45°; in a case that the angle is less than or equal to 45°, determine upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determine left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively; in a case that the angle is larger than 45°, determine upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determine left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, enables the processor further to: calculate a loss function of the neural network model according to the fine bounding box, and update a parameter value of the neural network model through an error back-propagation algorithm, based on the loss function. | A method and apparatus for training a character detector based on weak supervision, a character detection system and a computer readable storage medium are provided, wherein the method includes: inputting coarse-grained annotation information of a to-be-processed object, wherein the coarse-grained annotation information including a whole bounding outline of a word, text bar or line of the to-be-processed object; dividing the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object; obtaining a predicted bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object through a neural network model from the coarse-grained annotation information; and determining a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object as character-based annotation of the to-be-processed object, according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box.1. A method for training a character detector based on weak supervision, comprising:
inputting coarse-grained annotation information of a to-be-processed object, the coarse-grained annotation information including a whole bounding outline of a word, text bar or line of the to-be-processed object; dividing the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object; obtaining a predicted bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object through a neural network model from the coarse-grained annotation information; and determining a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object as character-based annotation of the to-be-processed object, according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box, wherein determining a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box comprises: determining whether both a first condition and a second condition are satisfied, the first condition being that a confidence of the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset confidence threshold, and the second condition being that an overlap ratio of the coarse bounding box to the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset overlap ratio threshold; adjusting the coarse bounding box based on the predicted bounding box, to generate the fine bounding box, in a case that both the first condition and the second condition are satisfied; and determining boundaries of the coarse bounding box as boundaries of the fine bounding box, in a case that at least one of the first condition and the second condition is not satisfied. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the whole bounding outline comprises a polygon. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein dividing the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object comprises:
equally dividing the polygon of the coarse-grained annotation information into N portions, wherein a direction perpendicular to a long axis of the polygon is an extension direction of a division line; and N is the number of character in the coarse-grained annotation information, or is an integer obtained by rounding a quotient obtained by dividing a length of the long axis of the polygon by a length of the shortest edge of the polygon. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the coarse bounding box based on the predicted bounding box, to generate the fine bounding box comprises:
determining whether an angle between a long axis and a transverse axis of the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information is less than or equal to 45°; in a case that the angle is less than or equal to 45°, determining upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determining left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively; in a case that the angle is larger than 45°, determining upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determining left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after determining a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box, the method further comprises:
calculating a loss function of the neural network model according to the fine bounding box; and updating a parameter value of the neural network model through an error backpropagation algorithm, based on the loss function. 6. An apparatus for training a character detector based on weak supervision, the apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors to: input coarse-grained annotation information of a to-be-processed object, the coarse-grained annotation information including a whole bounding outline of a word, text bar or line of the to-be-processed object; divide the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object; obtain a predicted bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object through a neural network model from the coarse-grained annotation information; and determine a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object as character-based annotation of the to-be-processed object, according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors further to: determine whether both a first condition and a second condition are satisfied, the first condition being that a confidence of the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset confidence threshold, and the second condition being that an overlap ratio of the coarse bounding box to the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset overlap ratio threshold; adjust the coarse bounding box based on the predicted bounding box, to generate the fine bounding box, in a case that both the first condition and the second condition are satisfied; and determine boundaries of the coarse bounding box as boundaries of the fine bounding box, in a case that at least one of the first condition and the second condition is not satisfied. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the whole bounding outline comprises a polygon. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors further to:
equally divide the polygon of the coarse-grained annotation information into N portions, wherein a direction perpendicular to a long axis of the polygon is an extension direction of a division line; and N is the number of character in the coarse-grained annotation information, or is an integer obtained by rounding a quotient obtained by dividing a length of the long axis of the polygon by a length of the shortest edge of the polygon. 9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors further to:
determine whether an angle between a long axis and a transverse axis of the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information is less than or equal to 45°; in a case that the angle is less than or equal to 45°, determine upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determine left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively; in a case that the angle is larger than 45°, determine upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determine left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively. 10. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by said one or more processors, enable said one or more processors further to: calculate a loss function of the neural network model according to the fine bounding box, and update a parameter value of the neural network model through an error back-propagation algorithm, based on the loss function. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, enables the processor to:
input coarse-grained annotation information of a to-be-processed object, the coarse-grained annotation information including a whole bounding outline of a word, text bar or line of the to-be-processed object; divide the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information, to obtain a coarse bounding box of a character of the to-be-processed object; obtain a predicted bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object through a neural network model from the coarse-grained annotation information; and determine a fine bounding box of the character of the to-be-processed object as character-based annotation of the to-be-processed object, according to the coarse bounding box and the predicted bounding box, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, enables the processor further to: determine whether both a first condition and a second condition are satisfied, the first condition being that a confidence of the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset confidence threshold, and the second condition being that an overlap ratio of the coarse bounding box to the predicted bounding box is larger than a preset overlap ratio threshold; adjust the coarse bounding box based on the predicted bounding box, to generate the fine bounding box, in a case that both the first condition and the second condition are satisfied; and determine boundaries of the coarse bounding box as boundaries of the fine bounding box, in a case that at least one of the first condition and the second condition is not satisfied. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the whole bounding outline comprises a polygon. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 12, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, enables the processor further to:
equally divide the polygon of the coarse-grained annotation information into N portions, wherein a direction perpendicular to a long axis of the polygon is an extension direction of a division line; and N is the number of character in the coarse-grained annotation information, or is an integer obtained by rounding a quotient obtained by dividing a length of the long axis of the polygon by a length of the shortest edge of the polygon. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, enables the processor further to:
determine whether an angle between a long axis and a transverse axis of the whole bounding outline of the coarse-grained annotation information is less than or equal to 45°; in a case that the angle is less than or equal to 45°, determine upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determine left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively; in a case that the angle is larger than 45°, determine upper and lower boundaries of the coarse bounding box as left and right boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively, and determine left and right boundaries of the predicted bounding box as upper and lower boundaries of the fine bounding box respectively. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, enables the processor further to: calculate a loss function of the neural network model according to the fine bounding box, and update a parameter value of the neural network model through an error back-propagation algorithm, based on the loss function. | 3,600 |
349,381 | 350,255 | 16,853,791 | 3,614 | A document reading apparatus includes a document supporting portion, a conveyance portion, a driving motor, an image reading unit, and a control portion. The control portion is configured to execute a high speed mode in which the conveyance speed is set to a first conveyance speed and a low speed mode in which the conveyance speed is set to a second conveyance speed slower than the first conveyance speed. When the control portion executes the low speed mode, if the document has a first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute a first low speed mode where a first drive speed is set to the driving motor. If the document has a second thickness thicker than the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute a second low speed mode where a second drive speed faster than the first drive speed is set to the driving motor. | 1. A document reading apparatus comprising:
a document supporting portion configured to support a document; a conveyance portion configured to convey the document supported on the document supporting portion; a driving source configured to drive the conveyance portion; an image reading unit configured to read an image of the document conveyed by the conveyance portion; and a control portion configured to control a conveyance speed of the conveyance portion by setting a drive speed of the driving motor, wherein the control portion is configured to execute a high speed mode in which the conveyance speed is set to a first conveyance speed and a low speed mode in which the conveyance speed is set to a second conveyance speed slower than the first conveyance speed, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the low speed mode, if the document has a first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute a first low speed mode in which a first drive speed is set to the driving source, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the low speed mode, if the document has a second thickness thicker than the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute a second low speed mode in which a second drive speed faster than the first drive speed is set to the driving source. 2. The document reading apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the control portion is configured to selectively execute a first resolution mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document at a first resolution and a second resolution mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document at a second resolution higher than the first resolution, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the first resolution mode, if a thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the high speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the first resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the second resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the first low speed mode, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the second resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode. 3. The document reading apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the control portion is configured to selectively execute a monochrome mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document in black and white and a color mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document in colors, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the monochrome mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the high speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the monochrome mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode and the first resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the high speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode and the first resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode and the second resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the first low speed mode, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode and the second resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode. 4. The document reading apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the control portion is configured to set the conveyance speed to the second conveyance speed in the first low speed mode and the second low speed mode. 5. The document reading apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a discharge supporting portion on which the document of which the image is read by the image reading unit is discharged; and a conveyance path through which the document is conveyed from the document supporting portion to the discharge supporting portion, wherein the document supporting portion and the discharge supporting portion are arranged at positions overlapping each other in a vertical direction, and wherein the conveyance path has a curved shape that is curved when viewed in a direction orthogonal to a direction of document conveyance such that front and back surfaces of the document which is passed through the conveyance path are reversed. 6. The document reading apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a feed roller configured to feed the document supported on the document supporting portion; a separation roller pair configured to separate the document fed by the feed roller one by one; a registration roller pair configured to correct an oblique motion of the document conveyed by the separation roller pair; and a discharge roller pair configured to discharge the document to the discharge supporting portion, wherein the conveyance portion is a conveyance roller pair configured to convey the document separated by the separation roller pair to the image reading unit, wherein the driving source comprises one of a plurality of drive motors configured to drive the rollers, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the second low speed mode, the control portion is configured to set different drive speed to at least one of the plurality of drive motors such that the conveyance speed is set to the second conveyance speed. 7. The document reading apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a detection unit configured to detect the thickness of the document. 8. The document reading apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the control portion is configured to selectively execute a monochrome mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document in black and white and a color mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document in colors, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the monochrome mode, if a thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the high speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the monochrome mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode. 9. The document reading apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the control portion is configured to set the conveyance speed to the second conveyance speed in the first low speed mode and the second low speed mode. 10. The document reading apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a discharge supporting portion on which the document of which the image is read by the image reading unit is discharged; and a conveyance path through which the document is conveyed from the document supporting portion to the discharge supporting portion, wherein the document supporting portion and the discharge supporting portion are arranged at positions overlapping each other in a vertical direction, and wherein the conveyance path has a curved shape that is curved when viewed in a direction orthogonal to a direction of document conveyance such that front and back surfaces of the document which is passed through the conveyance path are reversed. 11. The document reading apparatus according to claim 10,
a feed roller configured to feed the document supported on the document supporting portion; a separation roller pair configured to separate the document fed by the feed roller one by one; a registration roller pair configured to correct an oblique motion of the document conveyed by the separation roller pair; and a discharge roller pair configured to discharge the document to the discharge supporting portion, wherein the conveyance portion is a conveyance roller pair configured to convey the document separated by the separation roller pair to the image reading unit, wherein the driving source comprises one of a plurality of drive motors configured to drive the rollers, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the second low speed mode, the control portion is configured to set different drive speed to at least one of the plurality of drive motors such that the conveyance speed is set to the second conveyance speed. 12. The document reading apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a detection unit configured to detect the thickness of the document. 13. An image forming apparatus comprising:
the document reading apparatus according to claim 1; and an image forming unit configured to form an image of the document read by the image reading unit on a sheet. | A document reading apparatus includes a document supporting portion, a conveyance portion, a driving motor, an image reading unit, and a control portion. The control portion is configured to execute a high speed mode in which the conveyance speed is set to a first conveyance speed and a low speed mode in which the conveyance speed is set to a second conveyance speed slower than the first conveyance speed. When the control portion executes the low speed mode, if the document has a first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute a first low speed mode where a first drive speed is set to the driving motor. If the document has a second thickness thicker than the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute a second low speed mode where a second drive speed faster than the first drive speed is set to the driving motor.1. A document reading apparatus comprising:
a document supporting portion configured to support a document; a conveyance portion configured to convey the document supported on the document supporting portion; a driving source configured to drive the conveyance portion; an image reading unit configured to read an image of the document conveyed by the conveyance portion; and a control portion configured to control a conveyance speed of the conveyance portion by setting a drive speed of the driving motor, wherein the control portion is configured to execute a high speed mode in which the conveyance speed is set to a first conveyance speed and a low speed mode in which the conveyance speed is set to a second conveyance speed slower than the first conveyance speed, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the low speed mode, if the document has a first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute a first low speed mode in which a first drive speed is set to the driving source, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the low speed mode, if the document has a second thickness thicker than the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute a second low speed mode in which a second drive speed faster than the first drive speed is set to the driving source. 2. The document reading apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the control portion is configured to selectively execute a first resolution mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document at a first resolution and a second resolution mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document at a second resolution higher than the first resolution, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the first resolution mode, if a thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the high speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the first resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the second resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the first low speed mode, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the second resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode. 3. The document reading apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the control portion is configured to selectively execute a monochrome mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document in black and white and a color mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document in colors, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the monochrome mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the high speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the monochrome mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode and the first resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the high speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode and the first resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode and the second resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the first low speed mode, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode and the second resolution mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode. 4. The document reading apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the control portion is configured to set the conveyance speed to the second conveyance speed in the first low speed mode and the second low speed mode. 5. The document reading apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a discharge supporting portion on which the document of which the image is read by the image reading unit is discharged; and a conveyance path through which the document is conveyed from the document supporting portion to the discharge supporting portion, wherein the document supporting portion and the discharge supporting portion are arranged at positions overlapping each other in a vertical direction, and wherein the conveyance path has a curved shape that is curved when viewed in a direction orthogonal to a direction of document conveyance such that front and back surfaces of the document which is passed through the conveyance path are reversed. 6. The document reading apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a feed roller configured to feed the document supported on the document supporting portion; a separation roller pair configured to separate the document fed by the feed roller one by one; a registration roller pair configured to correct an oblique motion of the document conveyed by the separation roller pair; and a discharge roller pair configured to discharge the document to the discharge supporting portion, wherein the conveyance portion is a conveyance roller pair configured to convey the document separated by the separation roller pair to the image reading unit, wherein the driving source comprises one of a plurality of drive motors configured to drive the rollers, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the second low speed mode, the control portion is configured to set different drive speed to at least one of the plurality of drive motors such that the conveyance speed is set to the second conveyance speed. 7. The document reading apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a detection unit configured to detect the thickness of the document. 8. The document reading apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the control portion is configured to selectively execute a monochrome mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document in black and white and a color mode in which the image reading unit reads the image of the document in colors, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the monochrome mode, if a thickness of the document to be read is the first thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the high speed mode, wherein in a case where the control portion executes the monochrome mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the color mode, if the thickness of the document to be read is the second thickness, the control portion is configured to execute the second low speed mode. 9. The document reading apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the control portion is configured to set the conveyance speed to the second conveyance speed in the first low speed mode and the second low speed mode. 10. The document reading apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a discharge supporting portion on which the document of which the image is read by the image reading unit is discharged; and a conveyance path through which the document is conveyed from the document supporting portion to the discharge supporting portion, wherein the document supporting portion and the discharge supporting portion are arranged at positions overlapping each other in a vertical direction, and wherein the conveyance path has a curved shape that is curved when viewed in a direction orthogonal to a direction of document conveyance such that front and back surfaces of the document which is passed through the conveyance path are reversed. 11. The document reading apparatus according to claim 10,
a feed roller configured to feed the document supported on the document supporting portion; a separation roller pair configured to separate the document fed by the feed roller one by one; a registration roller pair configured to correct an oblique motion of the document conveyed by the separation roller pair; and a discharge roller pair configured to discharge the document to the discharge supporting portion, wherein the conveyance portion is a conveyance roller pair configured to convey the document separated by the separation roller pair to the image reading unit, wherein the driving source comprises one of a plurality of drive motors configured to drive the rollers, and wherein in a case where the control portion executes the second low speed mode, the control portion is configured to set different drive speed to at least one of the plurality of drive motors such that the conveyance speed is set to the second conveyance speed. 12. The document reading apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a detection unit configured to detect the thickness of the document. 13. An image forming apparatus comprising:
the document reading apparatus according to claim 1; and an image forming unit configured to form an image of the document read by the image reading unit on a sheet. | 3,600 |
349,382 | 350,256 | 16,853,829 | 3,614 | The present disclosure is directed to methods and apparatus for evaluating resources that would be used by machine learning model(s) for purposes of implementing the machine learning model(s) on resource-constrained devices. For example, in one aspect, a plurality of layers in a machine learning model may be identified. A plurality of respective output sizes corresponding to the plurality of layers may be calculated. Based on the plurality of output sizes, a maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model may be estimated and compared to a volatile memory constraint of a resource-constrained computing device. Output indicative of a result of the comparing may be provided at one or more output components. | 1. A method implemented using one or more processors, comprising:
identifying a plurality of layers in a machine learning model; calculating a plurality of respective output sizes corresponding to the plurality of layers; estimating, based on the plurality of output sizes, a maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model; comparing the maximum amount of volatile memory to a volatile memory constraint of a resource-constrained computing device; and providing, at one or more output components, output indicative of a result of the comparing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory comprises a sum of all the plurality of output sizes. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory comprises a sum of a subset of the plurality of output sizes. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the subset of the plurality of output sizes excludes one or more output sizes of the plurality of output sizes that correspond to one or more layers of the plurality of layers that are no longer needed at a given point in time during application of the machine learning model. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more layers that are no longer needed comprise one or more layers that no longer feed any downstream layers of the plurality of layers at the given point in time. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model is further estimated based on a second amount of volatile memory used to store one or more internal states of the machine learning model. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the machine learning model comprises a long short-term memory (“LSTM”) network or one or more gated recurrent units (“GRU”). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating comprises:
calculating a first output size corresponding to a first layer of the plurality of layers; calculating one or more additional output sizes corresponding to one or more downstream layers of the plurality of layers that receive, as input, output of the first layer; and determining that no more downstream layers of the plurality of layers receive, as input, output of the first layer; wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model is estimated in response to the determining, and is based on the first output size and the one or more additional output sizes. 9. A system comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, in response to execution of the instructions by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
identify a plurality of layers in a machine learning model; calculate a plurality of respective output sizes corresponding to the plurality of layers; estimate, based on the plurality of output sizes, a maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model; compare the maximum amount of volatile memory to a volatile memory constraint of a resource-constrained computing device; and provide, at one or more output components, output indicative of a result of the comparing. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory comprises a sum of all the plurality of output sizes. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory comprises a sum of a subset of the plurality of output sizes. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the subset of the plurality of output sizes excludes one or more output sizes of the plurality of output sizes that correspond to one or more layers of the plurality of layers that are no longer needed at a given point in time during application of the machine learning model. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more layers that are no longer needed comprise one or more layers that no longer feed any downstream layers of the plurality of layers at the given point in time. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model is further estimated based on a second amount of volatile memory used to store one or more internal states of the machine learning model. 15. At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, in response to execution of the instructions by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations:
identifying a plurality of layers in a machine learning model; calculating a plurality of respective output sizes corresponding to the plurality of layers; estimating, based on the plurality of output sizes, a maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model; comparing the maximum amount of volatile memory to a volatile memory constraint of a resource-constrained computing device; and providing, at one or more output components, output indicative of a result of the comparing. | The present disclosure is directed to methods and apparatus for evaluating resources that would be used by machine learning model(s) for purposes of implementing the machine learning model(s) on resource-constrained devices. For example, in one aspect, a plurality of layers in a machine learning model may be identified. A plurality of respective output sizes corresponding to the plurality of layers may be calculated. Based on the plurality of output sizes, a maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model may be estimated and compared to a volatile memory constraint of a resource-constrained computing device. Output indicative of a result of the comparing may be provided at one or more output components.1. A method implemented using one or more processors, comprising:
identifying a plurality of layers in a machine learning model; calculating a plurality of respective output sizes corresponding to the plurality of layers; estimating, based on the plurality of output sizes, a maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model; comparing the maximum amount of volatile memory to a volatile memory constraint of a resource-constrained computing device; and providing, at one or more output components, output indicative of a result of the comparing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory comprises a sum of all the plurality of output sizes. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory comprises a sum of a subset of the plurality of output sizes. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the subset of the plurality of output sizes excludes one or more output sizes of the plurality of output sizes that correspond to one or more layers of the plurality of layers that are no longer needed at a given point in time during application of the machine learning model. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more layers that are no longer needed comprise one or more layers that no longer feed any downstream layers of the plurality of layers at the given point in time. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model is further estimated based on a second amount of volatile memory used to store one or more internal states of the machine learning model. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the machine learning model comprises a long short-term memory (“LSTM”) network or one or more gated recurrent units (“GRU”). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating comprises:
calculating a first output size corresponding to a first layer of the plurality of layers; calculating one or more additional output sizes corresponding to one or more downstream layers of the plurality of layers that receive, as input, output of the first layer; and determining that no more downstream layers of the plurality of layers receive, as input, output of the first layer; wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model is estimated in response to the determining, and is based on the first output size and the one or more additional output sizes. 9. A system comprising one or more processors and memory storing instructions that, in response to execution of the instructions by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
identify a plurality of layers in a machine learning model; calculate a plurality of respective output sizes corresponding to the plurality of layers; estimate, based on the plurality of output sizes, a maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model; compare the maximum amount of volatile memory to a volatile memory constraint of a resource-constrained computing device; and provide, at one or more output components, output indicative of a result of the comparing. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory comprises a sum of all the plurality of output sizes. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory comprises a sum of a subset of the plurality of output sizes. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the subset of the plurality of output sizes excludes one or more output sizes of the plurality of output sizes that correspond to one or more layers of the plurality of layers that are no longer needed at a given point in time during application of the machine learning model. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more layers that are no longer needed comprise one or more layers that no longer feed any downstream layers of the plurality of layers at the given point in time. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model is further estimated based on a second amount of volatile memory used to store one or more internal states of the machine learning model. 15. At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, in response to execution of the instructions by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations:
identifying a plurality of layers in a machine learning model; calculating a plurality of respective output sizes corresponding to the plurality of layers; estimating, based on the plurality of output sizes, a maximum amount of volatile memory used for application of the machine learning model; comparing the maximum amount of volatile memory to a volatile memory constraint of a resource-constrained computing device; and providing, at one or more output components, output indicative of a result of the comparing. | 3,600 |
349,383 | 350,257 | 16,853,787 | 3,614 | A storage section stores a first communication program that controls communication by a first communication section, a second communication program that controls communication by a second communication section, a first processing program and a second processing program that causes an associated communication program to transmit data on which a determined process has been performed, and correspondence information including a first identifier indicative of a first corresponding communication program associated with the first processing program and a second identifier indicative of a second corresponding communication program associated with the second processing program. A processing section determines the first corresponding communication program, sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, determines the second corresponding communication program, and sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a first communication device connected to another apparatus via an expansion bus so as to perform communication; a second communication device connected to said another apparatus via the expansion bus so as to perform communication; a memory which stores a first communication program that controls communication with said another apparatus by the first communication device via the expansion bus, a second communication program that controls communication with said another apparatus by the second communication device via the expansion bus, a first processing program and a second processing program that perform a determined process on data and that cause an associated one of the first communication program and the second communication program to transmit to said another apparatus the data on which the determined process has been performed, and correspondence information including a first identifier indicative of a first corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the first processing program and a second identifier indicative of a second corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the second processing program; and a processor which determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program, which sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, which determines the second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program, and which sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor:
determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and sets in the correspondence information the identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, at a time of installing the first processing program; and determines the second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and sets in the correspondence information the identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier, at a time of installing the second processing program. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor installs the first processing program and the second processing program after the processor installs the first communication program and the second communication program. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor installs the first communication program, the first processing program, the second communication program, and the second processing program in that order. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor:
determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and sets in the correspondence information the identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, at a time of starting the first processing program for a first time after installing the first processing program; and determines the second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and sets in the correspondence information the identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier, at a time of starting the second processing program for a first time after installing the second processing program. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the processor starts the first processing program and the second processing program after the processor starts the first communication program and the second communication program. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the processor determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and one of the first communication program and the second communication program is associated with the second processing program, the processor sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of another one of the first communication program and the second communication program as the first identifier. 8. An information processing system comprising:
a relay device which includes an expansion bus and relays communication via the expansion bus; a plurality of processor modules each of which is connected to the expansion bus; and an information processing apparatus connected to the expansion bus, the information processing apparatus including:
a first communication device connected via the expansion bus to the plurality of processor modules so as to perform communication;
a second communication device connected via the expansion bus to the plurality of processor modules so as to perform communication;
a memory which stores a first communication program that controls communication with the plurality of processor modules by the first communication device via the expansion bus, a second communication program that controls communication with the plurality of processor modules by the second communication device via the expansion bus, a first processing program and a second processing program that perform a determined process on data and that cause an associated one of the first communication program and the second communication program to transmit to the plurality of processor modules the data on which the determined process has been performed, and correspondence information including a first identifier indicative of a first corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the first processing program and a second identifier indicative of a second corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the second processing program; and
a processor that determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program, that sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, that determines the second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program, and that sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that causes a computer to execute a process comprising:
determining a first corresponding communication program from a first communication program and a second communication program; setting in correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as a first identifier; determining a second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program; and setting in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as a second identifier, wherein the computer includes: a first communication device connected to another apparatus via an expansion bus so as to perform communication; a second communication device connected to said another apparatus via the expansion bus so as to perform communication; and a memory which stores the first communication program that controls communication with said another apparatus by the first communication device via the expansion bus, the second communication program that controls communication with said another apparatus by the second communication device via the expansion bus, a first processing program and a second processing program that perform a determined process on data and that cause an associated one of the first communication program and the second communication program to transmit to said another apparatus the data on which the determined process has been performed, and the correspondence information including the first identifier indicative of the first corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the first processing program and the second identifier indicative of the second corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the second processing program. | A storage section stores a first communication program that controls communication by a first communication section, a second communication program that controls communication by a second communication section, a first processing program and a second processing program that causes an associated communication program to transmit data on which a determined process has been performed, and correspondence information including a first identifier indicative of a first corresponding communication program associated with the first processing program and a second identifier indicative of a second corresponding communication program associated with the second processing program. A processing section determines the first corresponding communication program, sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, determines the second corresponding communication program, and sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier.1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
a first communication device connected to another apparatus via an expansion bus so as to perform communication; a second communication device connected to said another apparatus via the expansion bus so as to perform communication; a memory which stores a first communication program that controls communication with said another apparatus by the first communication device via the expansion bus, a second communication program that controls communication with said another apparatus by the second communication device via the expansion bus, a first processing program and a second processing program that perform a determined process on data and that cause an associated one of the first communication program and the second communication program to transmit to said another apparatus the data on which the determined process has been performed, and correspondence information including a first identifier indicative of a first corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the first processing program and a second identifier indicative of a second corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the second processing program; and a processor which determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program, which sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, which determines the second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program, and which sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor:
determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and sets in the correspondence information the identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, at a time of installing the first processing program; and determines the second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and sets in the correspondence information the identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier, at a time of installing the second processing program. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor installs the first processing program and the second processing program after the processor installs the first communication program and the second communication program. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor installs the first communication program, the first processing program, the second communication program, and the second processing program in that order. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor:
determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and sets in the correspondence information the identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, at a time of starting the first processing program for a first time after installing the first processing program; and determines the second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and sets in the correspondence information the identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier, at a time of starting the second processing program for a first time after installing the second processing program. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the processor starts the first processing program and the second processing program after the processor starts the first communication program and the second communication program. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the processor determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program and one of the first communication program and the second communication program is associated with the second processing program, the processor sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of another one of the first communication program and the second communication program as the first identifier. 8. An information processing system comprising:
a relay device which includes an expansion bus and relays communication via the expansion bus; a plurality of processor modules each of which is connected to the expansion bus; and an information processing apparatus connected to the expansion bus, the information processing apparatus including:
a first communication device connected via the expansion bus to the plurality of processor modules so as to perform communication;
a second communication device connected via the expansion bus to the plurality of processor modules so as to perform communication;
a memory which stores a first communication program that controls communication with the plurality of processor modules by the first communication device via the expansion bus, a second communication program that controls communication with the plurality of processor modules by the second communication device via the expansion bus, a first processing program and a second processing program that perform a determined process on data and that cause an associated one of the first communication program and the second communication program to transmit to the plurality of processor modules the data on which the determined process has been performed, and correspondence information including a first identifier indicative of a first corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the first processing program and a second identifier indicative of a second corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the second processing program; and
a processor that determines the first corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program, that sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as the first identifier, that determines the second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program, and that sets in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as the second identifier. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that causes a computer to execute a process comprising:
determining a first corresponding communication program from a first communication program and a second communication program; setting in correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined first corresponding communication program as a first identifier; determining a second corresponding communication program from the first communication program and the second communication program; and setting in the correspondence information an identifier indicative of the determined second corresponding communication program as a second identifier, wherein the computer includes: a first communication device connected to another apparatus via an expansion bus so as to perform communication; a second communication device connected to said another apparatus via the expansion bus so as to perform communication; and a memory which stores the first communication program that controls communication with said another apparatus by the first communication device via the expansion bus, the second communication program that controls communication with said another apparatus by the second communication device via the expansion bus, a first processing program and a second processing program that perform a determined process on data and that cause an associated one of the first communication program and the second communication program to transmit to said another apparatus the data on which the determined process has been performed, and the correspondence information including the first identifier indicative of the first corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the first processing program and the second identifier indicative of the second corresponding communication program, of the first communication program and the second communication program, associated with the second processing program. | 3,600 |
349,384 | 350,258 | 16,853,789 | 3,614 | To provide an adhesive film by which air bubbles formed at a bonding interface when the adhesive film is used for bonding, readily disappear under normal temperature and normal pressure. | 1. An adhesive film comprising at least one adhesive layer formed by curing a resin composition containing at least one polymer A1 having a curable group and a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000, wherein the adhesive layer satisfies the following requirements (a) to (c):
(a) a diffusion coefficient of nitrogen gas is at least 1.5×10−6 cm2/sec, (b) a shear modulus G′ (1 Hz) is from 5×102 to 1.0×105 Pa, at a measurement temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz, and (c) the adhesive layer has an absorption peak at from 800 to 820 cm−1 and no absorption peak at from 1,000 to 1,020 cm−1, in an infrared absorption spectrum. 2. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer has a glass transition temperature of at most −65° C. 3. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer has a tan δ of from 0.01 to 1.4 at a measurement temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz. 4. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the resin composition further contains a non-curable component. 5. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the non-curable component contains a hydroxy group. 6. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen gas in the adhesive layer is at most 3.0×10−6 cm2/sec. 7. An adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate comprising a transparent plate and at least one adhesive layer formed by curing a resin composition containing at least one polymer A1 having a curable group and a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000, wherein the adhesive layer satisfies the following requirements (a) to (c):
(a) a diffusion coefficient of nitrogen gas is at least 1.5×10−6 cm2/sec, (b) a shear modulus G′ (1 Hz) is from 5×102 to 1.0×105 Pa, at a measurement temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz, and (c) the adhesive layer has an absorption peak at from 800 to 820 cm−1 and no absorption peak at from 1,000 to 1,020 cm−1, in an infrared absorption spectrum. 8. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 7, wherein the adhesive layer has a glass transition temperature of at most −65° C. 9. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 7, wherein the adhesive layer has a tan δ of from 0.1 to 1.4, at a measurement temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz. 10. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to Clair 7, wherein the resin composition further contains a non-curable component. 11. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 10, wherein the non-curable component contains a hydroxy group. 12. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 7, wherein the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen gas in the adhesive layer is at most 3.0×10−6 cm2/sec. 13. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 7, wherein the transparent plate is a protective plate for a display device. 14. A display device having a transparent plate and a display panel laminated via the adhesive film as defined in claim 1. | To provide an adhesive film by which air bubbles formed at a bonding interface when the adhesive film is used for bonding, readily disappear under normal temperature and normal pressure.1. An adhesive film comprising at least one adhesive layer formed by curing a resin composition containing at least one polymer A1 having a curable group and a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000, wherein the adhesive layer satisfies the following requirements (a) to (c):
(a) a diffusion coefficient of nitrogen gas is at least 1.5×10−6 cm2/sec, (b) a shear modulus G′ (1 Hz) is from 5×102 to 1.0×105 Pa, at a measurement temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz, and (c) the adhesive layer has an absorption peak at from 800 to 820 cm−1 and no absorption peak at from 1,000 to 1,020 cm−1, in an infrared absorption spectrum. 2. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer has a glass transition temperature of at most −65° C. 3. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer has a tan δ of from 0.01 to 1.4 at a measurement temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz. 4. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the resin composition further contains a non-curable component. 5. The adhesive film according to claim 4, wherein the non-curable component contains a hydroxy group. 6. The adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen gas in the adhesive layer is at most 3.0×10−6 cm2/sec. 7. An adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate comprising a transparent plate and at least one adhesive layer formed by curing a resin composition containing at least one polymer A1 having a curable group and a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000, wherein the adhesive layer satisfies the following requirements (a) to (c):
(a) a diffusion coefficient of nitrogen gas is at least 1.5×10−6 cm2/sec, (b) a shear modulus G′ (1 Hz) is from 5×102 to 1.0×105 Pa, at a measurement temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz, and (c) the adhesive layer has an absorption peak at from 800 to 820 cm−1 and no absorption peak at from 1,000 to 1,020 cm−1, in an infrared absorption spectrum. 8. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 7, wherein the adhesive layer has a glass transition temperature of at most −65° C. 9. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 7, wherein the adhesive layer has a tan δ of from 0.1 to 1.4, at a measurement temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz. 10. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to Clair 7, wherein the resin composition further contains a non-curable component. 11. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 10, wherein the non-curable component contains a hydroxy group. 12. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 7, wherein the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen gas in the adhesive layer is at most 3.0×10−6 cm2/sec. 13. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to claim 7, wherein the transparent plate is a protective plate for a display device. 14. A display device having a transparent plate and a display panel laminated via the adhesive film as defined in claim 1. | 3,600 |
349,385 | 350,259 | 16,853,809 | 3,614 | A computer-implemented method for isolating transaction records having deficient standard data elements. The method may include: acquiring a first transaction record corresponding to a transactional entity, the first transaction record including a set of standard data fields in a first state; acquiring a second transaction record corresponding to the transactional entity, the second transaction record including the set of standard data fields in a second state; analyzing the first state and the second state to identify a deficiency of the standard data fields of one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record, the deficiency corresponding to a misclassification of an installment payment transaction of the transactional entity; and storing a record of the misclassification, the record identifying one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record. | 1. A computer-implemented method for isolating transaction records having deficient standard data elements, comprising:
acquiring a first transaction record corresponding to a transactional entity, the first transaction record including a set of standard data fields in a first state; acquiring a second transaction record corresponding to the transactional entity, the second transaction record including the set of standard data fields in a second state; analyzing the first state and the second state to identify a deficiency of the standard data fields of one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record, the deficiency corresponding to a misclassification of an installment payment transaction of the transactional entity; and storing a record of the misclassification, the record identifying one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
the set of standard data fields including a date data field, the date data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective transaction dates, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction dates for the first transaction record and the second transaction record respectively fall on the same day of two different months. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
the set of standard data fields including an amount data field, the amount data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective transaction amounts, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction amounts for the first transaction record and the second transaction record are identical. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
the set of standard data fields including a consumer identifier data field, the consumer identifier data field of the first transaction record including data elements corresponding to the transactional entity, further comprising: selecting the second transaction record based upon the first transaction record and a historical analysis of the transactional entity, wherein the consumer identifier data field of the second transaction record is indicative of the transactional entity. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting a notification of the misclassification record to a merchant associated with the installment payment transaction. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring future transaction records that correspond to the transaction entity for an installment plan indicator. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein—
the first transaction record corresponds to a first transactional entity, a first merchant, and a first merchant type,
the second transaction record corresponds to the first transactional entity, the first merchant, and the first merchant type,
the first merchant type matches a pre-determined classification for merchants that may sell smartphones,
the first transaction record and the second transaction record both lack an installment plan indicator. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
the set of standard data fields including a merchant type data field, the merchant type data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to a type of merchant, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the type of merchant is identical for the first transaction record and the second transaction record and matches a pre-determined classification for merchants that may sell goods under installment plans. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8,
wherein the merchant type corresponds to a smartphone retailer. 10. A computer system configured to isolate transaction records having deficient standard data elements, the system including a processing element configured to:
acquire a first transaction record corresponding to a transactional entity, a merchant, and a merchant type, the first transaction record including a set of standard data fields in a first state; acquire a second transaction record corresponding to the transaction entity, the merchant, and the merchant type, the second transaction record including the set of standard data fields in a second state, determine that the merchant type is indicative that the transaction relates to a smartphone purchase; analyze the first state and the second state to identify a deficiency of the standard data fields of both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record, the deficiency corresponding to a misclassification of an installment payment transaction of the transactional entity; and store a record of the misclassification, the record identifying one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record. 11. The computer system of claim 10,
the set of standard data fields including a transaction timestamp data field, the transaction timestamp data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective dates of the transaction, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction timestamp for the first transaction record is indicative of a certain day of a first month and the second transaction record is indicative of said certain day of a second month. 12. The computer system of claim 10,
the set of standard data fields including an amount data field, the amount data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective transaction amounts, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction amounts for the first transaction record and the second transaction record are identical. 13. The computer system of claim 10, wherein the processing element is further configured to:
select the second transaction record based upon a historical analysis of the transactional entity requesting the transaction of the first transaction record. 14. The computer system of claim 10, wherein the processing element is further configured to:
send a message to the merchant informing the merchant of the identified deficiency such that the merchant can properly report future transaction requests. 15. The computer system of claim 10, wherein the processing element is further configured to:
monitor future transactions to determine if future transaction request messages include an installment plan indicator. 16. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon for isolating transaction records having deficient standard data elements, wherein the computer program instructs at least one processing element to perform steps comprising:
acquiring a first transaction record corresponding to a transactional entity, a merchant, and a merchant type, wherein the first transaction record includes a set of standard data fields in a first state; acquiring a second transaction record corresponding to the transaction entity, the merchant, and the merchant type, wherein the second transaction record includes the set of standard data fields in a second state, wherein the merchant type is indicative that the transaction relates to a smartphone purchase; analyzing the first state and the second state to identify a deficiency of the standard data fields of both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record, the deficiency corresponding to a misclassification of an installment payment transaction of the transactional entity; and storing a record of the misclassification, the record identifying one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16,
the set of standard data fields including a transaction timestamp data field, the transaction timestamp data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective dates of the transaction, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction timestamp for the first transaction record is indicative of a certain day of a first month and the second transaction record is indicative of said certain day of a second month. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16,
the set of standard data fields including an amount data field, the amount data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective transaction amounts, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction amounts for the first transaction record and the second transaction record are identical. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16,
wherein the computer program further instructs the at least one processing element to perform steps comprising: selecting the second transaction record based upon a historical analysis of the transactional entity requesting the transaction of the first transaction record. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the computer program further instructs the at least one processing element to perform steps comprising:
sending a message to the merchant informing the merchant of the identified deficiency such that the merchant can properly report future transaction requests; and monitoring future transactions to determine if future transaction request messages include an installment plan indicator. | A computer-implemented method for isolating transaction records having deficient standard data elements. The method may include: acquiring a first transaction record corresponding to a transactional entity, the first transaction record including a set of standard data fields in a first state; acquiring a second transaction record corresponding to the transactional entity, the second transaction record including the set of standard data fields in a second state; analyzing the first state and the second state to identify a deficiency of the standard data fields of one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record, the deficiency corresponding to a misclassification of an installment payment transaction of the transactional entity; and storing a record of the misclassification, the record identifying one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record.1. A computer-implemented method for isolating transaction records having deficient standard data elements, comprising:
acquiring a first transaction record corresponding to a transactional entity, the first transaction record including a set of standard data fields in a first state; acquiring a second transaction record corresponding to the transactional entity, the second transaction record including the set of standard data fields in a second state; analyzing the first state and the second state to identify a deficiency of the standard data fields of one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record, the deficiency corresponding to a misclassification of an installment payment transaction of the transactional entity; and storing a record of the misclassification, the record identifying one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
the set of standard data fields including a date data field, the date data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective transaction dates, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction dates for the first transaction record and the second transaction record respectively fall on the same day of two different months. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
the set of standard data fields including an amount data field, the amount data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective transaction amounts, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction amounts for the first transaction record and the second transaction record are identical. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
the set of standard data fields including a consumer identifier data field, the consumer identifier data field of the first transaction record including data elements corresponding to the transactional entity, further comprising: selecting the second transaction record based upon the first transaction record and a historical analysis of the transactional entity, wherein the consumer identifier data field of the second transaction record is indicative of the transactional entity. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting a notification of the misclassification record to a merchant associated with the installment payment transaction. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring future transaction records that correspond to the transaction entity for an installment plan indicator. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein—
the first transaction record corresponds to a first transactional entity, a first merchant, and a first merchant type,
the second transaction record corresponds to the first transactional entity, the first merchant, and the first merchant type,
the first merchant type matches a pre-determined classification for merchants that may sell smartphones,
the first transaction record and the second transaction record both lack an installment plan indicator. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
the set of standard data fields including a merchant type data field, the merchant type data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to a type of merchant, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the type of merchant is identical for the first transaction record and the second transaction record and matches a pre-determined classification for merchants that may sell goods under installment plans. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8,
wherein the merchant type corresponds to a smartphone retailer. 10. A computer system configured to isolate transaction records having deficient standard data elements, the system including a processing element configured to:
acquire a first transaction record corresponding to a transactional entity, a merchant, and a merchant type, the first transaction record including a set of standard data fields in a first state; acquire a second transaction record corresponding to the transaction entity, the merchant, and the merchant type, the second transaction record including the set of standard data fields in a second state, determine that the merchant type is indicative that the transaction relates to a smartphone purchase; analyze the first state and the second state to identify a deficiency of the standard data fields of both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record, the deficiency corresponding to a misclassification of an installment payment transaction of the transactional entity; and store a record of the misclassification, the record identifying one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record. 11. The computer system of claim 10,
the set of standard data fields including a transaction timestamp data field, the transaction timestamp data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective dates of the transaction, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction timestamp for the first transaction record is indicative of a certain day of a first month and the second transaction record is indicative of said certain day of a second month. 12. The computer system of claim 10,
the set of standard data fields including an amount data field, the amount data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective transaction amounts, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction amounts for the first transaction record and the second transaction record are identical. 13. The computer system of claim 10, wherein the processing element is further configured to:
select the second transaction record based upon a historical analysis of the transactional entity requesting the transaction of the first transaction record. 14. The computer system of claim 10, wherein the processing element is further configured to:
send a message to the merchant informing the merchant of the identified deficiency such that the merchant can properly report future transaction requests. 15. The computer system of claim 10, wherein the processing element is further configured to:
monitor future transactions to determine if future transaction request messages include an installment plan indicator. 16. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon for isolating transaction records having deficient standard data elements, wherein the computer program instructs at least one processing element to perform steps comprising:
acquiring a first transaction record corresponding to a transactional entity, a merchant, and a merchant type, wherein the first transaction record includes a set of standard data fields in a first state; acquiring a second transaction record corresponding to the transaction entity, the merchant, and the merchant type, wherein the second transaction record includes the set of standard data fields in a second state, wherein the merchant type is indicative that the transaction relates to a smartphone purchase; analyzing the first state and the second state to identify a deficiency of the standard data fields of both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record, the deficiency corresponding to a misclassification of an installment payment transaction of the transactional entity; and storing a record of the misclassification, the record identifying one or both of the first transaction record and the second transaction record. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16,
the set of standard data fields including a transaction timestamp data field, the transaction timestamp data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective dates of the transaction, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction timestamp for the first transaction record is indicative of a certain day of a first month and the second transaction record is indicative of said certain day of a second month. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16,
the set of standard data fields including an amount data field, the amount data field of the first transaction record and the second transaction record including data elements corresponding to respective transaction amounts, the deficiency being at least in part identified based on a determination that the transaction amounts for the first transaction record and the second transaction record are identical. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16,
wherein the computer program further instructs the at least one processing element to perform steps comprising: selecting the second transaction record based upon a historical analysis of the transactional entity requesting the transaction of the first transaction record. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the computer program further instructs the at least one processing element to perform steps comprising:
sending a message to the merchant informing the merchant of the identified deficiency such that the merchant can properly report future transaction requests; and monitoring future transactions to determine if future transaction request messages include an installment plan indicator. | 3,600 |
349,386 | 350,260 | 16,853,805 | 3,614 | Methods and systems to manage permissions in a structured user-environment which provide a User Interface (UI) that provides a simple, intuitive administration to apply permissions at the user and group level to data in the structured user-environment. The UI also provides feedback to the administrator as to the inheritance path of each user and/or group as well as links between permissions, allowing the administrator to determine how a user or group was granted or denied access to a permission or resource. | 1. A computer-implemented method for managing a set of permissions on a user interface, the method comprising:
retrieving, by a client, from a server, a setting value and an inherited value for each permission in the set of permissions; generating, by the client, an effective value for each permission from the setting value and the inherited value; initializing, by the client, a setting control and an effective control for each permission, with data from the server; offering, by the client, an information link for each effective value that has a conflict with a corresponding setting value; determining, by the client, an editability of one or more setting values with the data from the server; displaying, by the client, the user interface on a device to an administrator; changing, by the administrator, a selected setting value via the user interface; updating, by the client: one or more effective values changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more information links changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more editabilities changed by changing the selected setting value; and one or more setting values changed by changing the selected setting value; and transmitting, by the client, to the server, one or more updated setting values and one or more updated effective values. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein in initializing the setting control and the effective control, the data comprises a set of one or more permission links. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is a required link in which allowance for the first permission requires an allowance for the second permission. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is an included link in which an effective value for the first permission in included with an allowance for the second permission. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
setting, by the client, an editability of a setting control of the first permission as uneditable. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein updating comprises:
a) updating, by the client, an effective value that is dependent on a change made to the selected setting value; if the updated effective value changes: b) updating, by the client, an information link associated with the changed effective value; c) updating, by the client, an editability of a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; d) updating, by the client, a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; and repeating steps (a)-(d) if the setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value changes. 7. A computing apparatus for managing a set of permissions on a user interface, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the system to:
retrieve, by a client, from a server, a setting value and an inherited value for each permission in the set of permissions;
generate, by the client, an effective value for each permission from the setting value and the inherited value;
initialize, by the client, a setting control and an effective control for each permission, with data from the server;
offer, by the client, an information link for each effective value that has a conflict with a corresponding setting value;
determine, by the client, an editability of one or more setting values with the data from the server;
display, by the client, the user interface on a device to an administrator;
change, by the administrator, a selected setting value via the user interface;
update, by the client, one or more effective values changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more information links changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more editabilities changed by changing the selected setting value; and one or more setting values changed by changing the selected setting value; and
transmit, by the client, to the server, one or more updated setting values and one or more updated effective values. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein when initializing, the instructions further configure the apparatus to:
initialize, by the client, the setting control and the effective control for each permission from data that comprises a set of one or more permission links. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is a required link in which allowance for the first permission requires an allowance for the second permission. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is an included link in which an effective value for the first permission in included with an allowance for the second permission. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions further configure the apparatus to:
set, by the client, an editability of a setting control of the first permission as uneditable. 12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein when changing the selected value, the instructions further configure the apparatus to:
a) update, by the client, an effective value that is dependent on a change made to the selected setting value; if the updated effective value changes: b) update, by the client, an information link associated with the effective value that has changed; c) update, by the client, an editability of a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; d) update, by the client, a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; and repeat steps (a)-(d) if the setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value changes. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for managing a set of permissions on a user interface, the computer-readable storage medium including instructions that when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
retrieve, by a client, from a server, a setting value and an inherited value for each permission in the set of permissions; generate, by the client, an effective value for each permission from the setting value and the inherited value; initialize, by the client, a setting control and an effective control for each permission, with data from the server; offer, by the client, an information link for each effective value that has a conflict with a corresponding setting value; determine, by the client, an editability of one or more setting values with the data from the server; display, by the client, the user interface on a device to an administrator; change, by the administrator, a selected setting value via the user interface; update, by the client, one or more effective values changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more information links changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more editabilities changed by changing the selected setting value; and one or more setting values changed by changing the selected setting value; and transmit, by the client, to the server, one or more updated setting values and one or more updated effective values. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein when initializing, the instructions further configure the computer to:
initialize, by the client, the setting control and the effective control for each permission from data that comprises a set of one or more permission links. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is a required link in which allowance for the first permission requires an allowance for the second permission. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is an included link in which an effective value for the first permission in included with an allowance for the second permission. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further configure the computer to:
set, by the client, an editability of a setting control of the first permission as uneditable. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein when changing the selected value, the instructions further configure the computer to:
a) update, by the client, an effective value that is dependent on a change made to the selected setting value; if the updated effective value changes: b) update, by the client, an information link associated with the changed effective value; c) update, by the client, an editability of a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; d) update, by the client, a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; and repeat steps (a)-(d) if the setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value changes. | Methods and systems to manage permissions in a structured user-environment which provide a User Interface (UI) that provides a simple, intuitive administration to apply permissions at the user and group level to data in the structured user-environment. The UI also provides feedback to the administrator as to the inheritance path of each user and/or group as well as links between permissions, allowing the administrator to determine how a user or group was granted or denied access to a permission or resource.1. A computer-implemented method for managing a set of permissions on a user interface, the method comprising:
retrieving, by a client, from a server, a setting value and an inherited value for each permission in the set of permissions; generating, by the client, an effective value for each permission from the setting value and the inherited value; initializing, by the client, a setting control and an effective control for each permission, with data from the server; offering, by the client, an information link for each effective value that has a conflict with a corresponding setting value; determining, by the client, an editability of one or more setting values with the data from the server; displaying, by the client, the user interface on a device to an administrator; changing, by the administrator, a selected setting value via the user interface; updating, by the client: one or more effective values changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more information links changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more editabilities changed by changing the selected setting value; and one or more setting values changed by changing the selected setting value; and transmitting, by the client, to the server, one or more updated setting values and one or more updated effective values. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein in initializing the setting control and the effective control, the data comprises a set of one or more permission links. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is a required link in which allowance for the first permission requires an allowance for the second permission. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is an included link in which an effective value for the first permission in included with an allowance for the second permission. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, further comprising:
setting, by the client, an editability of a setting control of the first permission as uneditable. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein updating comprises:
a) updating, by the client, an effective value that is dependent on a change made to the selected setting value; if the updated effective value changes: b) updating, by the client, an information link associated with the changed effective value; c) updating, by the client, an editability of a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; d) updating, by the client, a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; and repeating steps (a)-(d) if the setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value changes. 7. A computing apparatus for managing a set of permissions on a user interface, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, configure the system to:
retrieve, by a client, from a server, a setting value and an inherited value for each permission in the set of permissions;
generate, by the client, an effective value for each permission from the setting value and the inherited value;
initialize, by the client, a setting control and an effective control for each permission, with data from the server;
offer, by the client, an information link for each effective value that has a conflict with a corresponding setting value;
determine, by the client, an editability of one or more setting values with the data from the server;
display, by the client, the user interface on a device to an administrator;
change, by the administrator, a selected setting value via the user interface;
update, by the client, one or more effective values changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more information links changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more editabilities changed by changing the selected setting value; and one or more setting values changed by changing the selected setting value; and
transmit, by the client, to the server, one or more updated setting values and one or more updated effective values. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein when initializing, the instructions further configure the apparatus to:
initialize, by the client, the setting control and the effective control for each permission from data that comprises a set of one or more permission links. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is a required link in which allowance for the first permission requires an allowance for the second permission. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is an included link in which an effective value for the first permission in included with an allowance for the second permission. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions further configure the apparatus to:
set, by the client, an editability of a setting control of the first permission as uneditable. 12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein when changing the selected value, the instructions further configure the apparatus to:
a) update, by the client, an effective value that is dependent on a change made to the selected setting value; if the updated effective value changes: b) update, by the client, an information link associated with the effective value that has changed; c) update, by the client, an editability of a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; d) update, by the client, a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; and repeat steps (a)-(d) if the setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value changes. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for managing a set of permissions on a user interface, the computer-readable storage medium including instructions that when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
retrieve, by a client, from a server, a setting value and an inherited value for each permission in the set of permissions; generate, by the client, an effective value for each permission from the setting value and the inherited value; initialize, by the client, a setting control and an effective control for each permission, with data from the server; offer, by the client, an information link for each effective value that has a conflict with a corresponding setting value; determine, by the client, an editability of one or more setting values with the data from the server; display, by the client, the user interface on a device to an administrator; change, by the administrator, a selected setting value via the user interface; update, by the client, one or more effective values changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more information links changed by changing the selected setting value; one or more editabilities changed by changing the selected setting value; and one or more setting values changed by changing the selected setting value; and transmit, by the client, to the server, one or more updated setting values and one or more updated effective values. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein when initializing, the instructions further configure the computer to:
initialize, by the client, the setting control and the effective control for each permission from data that comprises a set of one or more permission links. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is a required link in which allowance for the first permission requires an allowance for the second permission. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein a permission link between a first permission and a second permission is an included link in which an effective value for the first permission in included with an allowance for the second permission. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions further configure the computer to:
set, by the client, an editability of a setting control of the first permission as uneditable. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein when changing the selected value, the instructions further configure the computer to:
a) update, by the client, an effective value that is dependent on a change made to the selected setting value; if the updated effective value changes: b) update, by the client, an information link associated with the changed effective value; c) update, by the client, an editability of a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; d) update, by the client, a setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value; and repeat steps (a)-(d) if the setting value that depends on the change made to the selected setting value changes. | 3,600 |
349,387 | 350,261 | 16,853,813 | 3,658 | A parallel link robot includes: a base portion; a movable portion; arms that connect the base portion and the movable portion in parallel; base actuators that are disposed on the base portion and that drive the respective arms; an additional actuator that drives an additional mechanism portion attached to the movable portion; an auxiliary link that pivotally connects the additional actuator to at least one of the arms; and a power transmission shaft portion that transmits a rotational driving force of the additional actuator to the additional mechanism portion. Each of the arms includes a drive link and two passive links. The auxiliary link bridges the two passive links and is pivotally connected to each of the two passive links. The power transmission shaft portion includes a ball spline in which a spline shaft and a nut are meshed with each other. | 1. A parallel link robot comprising:
a base portion; a movable portion that is movable with respect to the base portion; a plurality of arms that connect the base portion and the movable portion in parallel; a plurality of base actuators that are disposed on the base portion and drive the respective arms; an additional actuator that drives an additional mechanism portion attached to the movable portion; an auxiliary link that pivotally connects the additional actuator to at least one of the arms; and a power transmission shaft portion that transmits a rotational driving force of the additional actuator to the additional mechanism portion; wherein each of the arms includes a drive link that is connected to a corresponding one of the base actuators and that has one degree of freedom with respect to the base portion, and two passive links that connect the drive link and the movable portion to each other and that are disposed parallel to each other, the auxiliary link bridges the two passive links and is pivotally connected to each of the two passive links, and the power transmission shaft portion includes a ball spline in which a spline shaft and a nut are meshed with each other, the spline shaft being fixed to one of a universal joint attached to an input shaft of the additional mechanism portion and an output shaft of the additional actuator, the nut being fixed to another one of the universal joint and the output shaft. 2. The parallel link robot according to claim 1, wherein the additional actuator is disposed at an angle with respect to longitudinal axes of the two passive links. 3. The parallel link robot according to claim 1, wherein the universal joint is disposed at a position offset from a straight line linking intersections of the two passive links and the movable portion in a direction intersecting a plane including the longitudinal axes of the two passive links. | A parallel link robot includes: a base portion; a movable portion; arms that connect the base portion and the movable portion in parallel; base actuators that are disposed on the base portion and that drive the respective arms; an additional actuator that drives an additional mechanism portion attached to the movable portion; an auxiliary link that pivotally connects the additional actuator to at least one of the arms; and a power transmission shaft portion that transmits a rotational driving force of the additional actuator to the additional mechanism portion. Each of the arms includes a drive link and two passive links. The auxiliary link bridges the two passive links and is pivotally connected to each of the two passive links. The power transmission shaft portion includes a ball spline in which a spline shaft and a nut are meshed with each other.1. A parallel link robot comprising:
a base portion; a movable portion that is movable with respect to the base portion; a plurality of arms that connect the base portion and the movable portion in parallel; a plurality of base actuators that are disposed on the base portion and drive the respective arms; an additional actuator that drives an additional mechanism portion attached to the movable portion; an auxiliary link that pivotally connects the additional actuator to at least one of the arms; and a power transmission shaft portion that transmits a rotational driving force of the additional actuator to the additional mechanism portion; wherein each of the arms includes a drive link that is connected to a corresponding one of the base actuators and that has one degree of freedom with respect to the base portion, and two passive links that connect the drive link and the movable portion to each other and that are disposed parallel to each other, the auxiliary link bridges the two passive links and is pivotally connected to each of the two passive links, and the power transmission shaft portion includes a ball spline in which a spline shaft and a nut are meshed with each other, the spline shaft being fixed to one of a universal joint attached to an input shaft of the additional mechanism portion and an output shaft of the additional actuator, the nut being fixed to another one of the universal joint and the output shaft. 2. The parallel link robot according to claim 1, wherein the additional actuator is disposed at an angle with respect to longitudinal axes of the two passive links. 3. The parallel link robot according to claim 1, wherein the universal joint is disposed at a position offset from a straight line linking intersections of the two passive links and the movable portion in a direction intersecting a plane including the longitudinal axes of the two passive links. | 3,600 |
349,388 | 350,262 | 16,853,814 | 3,658 | A device comprises a package substrate and a ball grid array (BGA). The package substrate encapsulates an integrated circuit (IC) die and comprises a signal launch configured to emit or receive a signal on a surface of the package substrate. The BGA is affixed to the surface and comprises a set of grounded solder balls arranged as a boundary around the signal launch. The device may further comprise a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate having a waveguide interface side opposite a secondary waveguide side and a through-hole cavity that extends from the waveguide interface side to the secondary waveguide side, perpendicular to a plane of the PCB substrate. The BGA couples the package substrate to the waveguide interface side such that the surface of the package substrate faces the through-hole cavity and the signal launch and through-hole cavity are substantially aligned. | 1. A device, comprising:
a package substrate encapsulating an integrated circuit (IC) die and comprising a signal launch on a surface of the package substrate and configured to emit or receive a signal; and a ball grid array (BGA) affixed to the surface of the package substrate and comprising a set of grounded solder balls arranged as a boundary around the signal launch on the surface of the package substrate. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate having:
a waveguide interface side; a secondary waveguide side opposite the waveguide interface side; and a through-hole cavity perpendicular to a plane of the PCB substrate and extending from the waveguide interface side to the secondary waveguide side, wherein the BGA couples the package substrate to the waveguide interface side such that the surface of the package substrate faces the through-hole cavity and such that the signal launch and the through-hole cavity are substantially aligned. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the set of grounded solder balls forms a wave-guiding interface between the signal launch and the through-hole cavity. 4. The device of claim 2, further comprising an external waveguide coupled to the secondary waveguide side such that the external waveguide and the through-hole cavity are substantially aligned. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the external waveguide is included in a three-dimensional antenna. 6. The device of claim 2, wherein the set of grounded solder balls is arranged as a circular boundary around the signal launch and the through-hole cavity. 7. The device of claim 2, wherein the set of grounded solder balls is arranged as a rectangular boundary around the signal launch and the through-hole cavity. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein:
the signal launch comprises a first signal launch configured to emit or receive a first signal; the set of grounded solder balls comprises a first set of grounded solder balls arranged as a boundary around the first signal launch; the package substrate further comprises a second signal launch on the surface of the package substrate configured to emit or receive a second signal; and the BGA further comprises a second set of grounded solder balls arranged as a boundary around the second signal launch on the surface of the package substrate. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the first and second sets of grounded solder balls have at least one grounded solder ball in common. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the first and second sets of grounded solder balls have no grounded solder balls in common. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the first and second sets of grounded solder balls are arranged such that the first and second signals are isolated from each other by a threshold amount. 12. A printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
a PCB substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the PCB substrate further having a through-hole cavity from the first surface to the second surface; an integrated circuit (IC) package substrate comprising a signal launch on a surface of the IC package substrate; a wave-guiding interface comprising a set of grounded solder balls and coupling the IC package substrate to the first surface of the PCB substrate such that the surface of the IC package substrate faces the first surface of the PCB; an external antenna comprising a waveguide and coupled to the second surface of the PCB substrate; and a signal channel between the signal launch and the external antenna comprising:
the wave-guiding interface,
the through-hole cavity, and
the waveguide, wherein the signal launch, the through-hole cavity, and the waveguide are substantially aligned, and wherein a shape of a cross section of the signal channel is defined by a fence around the signal launch comprising the set of grounded solder balls. 13. The PCB of claim 12, further comprising a ball grid array (BGA) affixed to the surface of the IC package substrate and coupling the IC package substrate to the first surface of the PCB substrate, wherein the BGA comprises the wave-guiding interface. 14. The PCB of claim 12, wherein the shape of the cross section of the signal channel is circular, and wherein the set of grounded solder balls are arranged in a circular fence around the signal launch. 15. The PCB of claim 12, wherein the shape of the cross section of the signal channel is rectangular, and wherein the set of grounded solder balls are arranged in a rectangular fence around the signal launch. 16. The PCB of claim 12, wherein:
the PCB substrate further comprises a second through-hole cavity from the first surface to the second surface; the IC package substrate further comprises a second signal launch on the surface of the IC package substrate; the external antenna further comprises a second waveguide; and the PCB further comprises:
a second wave-guiding interface comprising a second set of grounded solder balls; and
a second signal channel between the second signal launch and the external antenna comprising the second wave-guiding interface, the second through-hole cavity, and the second waveguide, wherein:
the second signal launch, the second through-hole cavity, and the second waveguide are substantially aligned, and
a shape of a cross section of the second signal channel is defined by a fence around the second signal launch comprising the second set of grounded solder balls. 17. An integrated circuit (IC) chip, comprising:
a radar device comprising a signal launch on a surface of the radar device; and a wave-guiding interface comprising a set of grounded solder balls arranged as a fence around the signal launch on the surface of the radar device. 18. The IC chip of claim 17, wherein the wave-guiding interface defines a shape of a cross section of a signal channel corresponding to the signal launch. 19. The IC chip of claim 17, further comprising a ball grid array (BGA) package encapsulating the radar device and comprising the set of grounded solder balls included in the wave-guiding interface. 20. The IC chip of claim 17, wherein the IC chip is coupled to a PCB substrate having:
a first surface; a second surface opposite the first surface; and a substrate through-hole waveguide from the first surface to the second surface, wherein the set of grounded solder balls couples the radar device to the first surface such that the surface of the radar device faces the first surface and such that the signal launch and the substrate through-hole waveguide are substantially aligned. 21. The IC chip of claim 20, wherein an external antenna is coupled to the second surface of the PCB substrate and comprises a waveguide opening, wherein the wave-guiding interface, the substrate through-hole waveguide, and the waveguide opening form a signal channel between the signal launch and the external antenna. 22. The IC chip of claim 21, wherein a shape of a cross section of the signal channel is defined by the set of grounded solder balls arranged as the fence around the signal launch. | A device comprises a package substrate and a ball grid array (BGA). The package substrate encapsulates an integrated circuit (IC) die and comprises a signal launch configured to emit or receive a signal on a surface of the package substrate. The BGA is affixed to the surface and comprises a set of grounded solder balls arranged as a boundary around the signal launch. The device may further comprise a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate having a waveguide interface side opposite a secondary waveguide side and a through-hole cavity that extends from the waveguide interface side to the secondary waveguide side, perpendicular to a plane of the PCB substrate. The BGA couples the package substrate to the waveguide interface side such that the surface of the package substrate faces the through-hole cavity and the signal launch and through-hole cavity are substantially aligned.1. A device, comprising:
a package substrate encapsulating an integrated circuit (IC) die and comprising a signal launch on a surface of the package substrate and configured to emit or receive a signal; and a ball grid array (BGA) affixed to the surface of the package substrate and comprising a set of grounded solder balls arranged as a boundary around the signal launch on the surface of the package substrate. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate having:
a waveguide interface side; a secondary waveguide side opposite the waveguide interface side; and a through-hole cavity perpendicular to a plane of the PCB substrate and extending from the waveguide interface side to the secondary waveguide side, wherein the BGA couples the package substrate to the waveguide interface side such that the surface of the package substrate faces the through-hole cavity and such that the signal launch and the through-hole cavity are substantially aligned. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the set of grounded solder balls forms a wave-guiding interface between the signal launch and the through-hole cavity. 4. The device of claim 2, further comprising an external waveguide coupled to the secondary waveguide side such that the external waveguide and the through-hole cavity are substantially aligned. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the external waveguide is included in a three-dimensional antenna. 6. The device of claim 2, wherein the set of grounded solder balls is arranged as a circular boundary around the signal launch and the through-hole cavity. 7. The device of claim 2, wherein the set of grounded solder balls is arranged as a rectangular boundary around the signal launch and the through-hole cavity. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein:
the signal launch comprises a first signal launch configured to emit or receive a first signal; the set of grounded solder balls comprises a first set of grounded solder balls arranged as a boundary around the first signal launch; the package substrate further comprises a second signal launch on the surface of the package substrate configured to emit or receive a second signal; and the BGA further comprises a second set of grounded solder balls arranged as a boundary around the second signal launch on the surface of the package substrate. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the first and second sets of grounded solder balls have at least one grounded solder ball in common. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the first and second sets of grounded solder balls have no grounded solder balls in common. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the first and second sets of grounded solder balls are arranged such that the first and second signals are isolated from each other by a threshold amount. 12. A printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
a PCB substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the PCB substrate further having a through-hole cavity from the first surface to the second surface; an integrated circuit (IC) package substrate comprising a signal launch on a surface of the IC package substrate; a wave-guiding interface comprising a set of grounded solder balls and coupling the IC package substrate to the first surface of the PCB substrate such that the surface of the IC package substrate faces the first surface of the PCB; an external antenna comprising a waveguide and coupled to the second surface of the PCB substrate; and a signal channel between the signal launch and the external antenna comprising:
the wave-guiding interface,
the through-hole cavity, and
the waveguide, wherein the signal launch, the through-hole cavity, and the waveguide are substantially aligned, and wherein a shape of a cross section of the signal channel is defined by a fence around the signal launch comprising the set of grounded solder balls. 13. The PCB of claim 12, further comprising a ball grid array (BGA) affixed to the surface of the IC package substrate and coupling the IC package substrate to the first surface of the PCB substrate, wherein the BGA comprises the wave-guiding interface. 14. The PCB of claim 12, wherein the shape of the cross section of the signal channel is circular, and wherein the set of grounded solder balls are arranged in a circular fence around the signal launch. 15. The PCB of claim 12, wherein the shape of the cross section of the signal channel is rectangular, and wherein the set of grounded solder balls are arranged in a rectangular fence around the signal launch. 16. The PCB of claim 12, wherein:
the PCB substrate further comprises a second through-hole cavity from the first surface to the second surface; the IC package substrate further comprises a second signal launch on the surface of the IC package substrate; the external antenna further comprises a second waveguide; and the PCB further comprises:
a second wave-guiding interface comprising a second set of grounded solder balls; and
a second signal channel between the second signal launch and the external antenna comprising the second wave-guiding interface, the second through-hole cavity, and the second waveguide, wherein:
the second signal launch, the second through-hole cavity, and the second waveguide are substantially aligned, and
a shape of a cross section of the second signal channel is defined by a fence around the second signal launch comprising the second set of grounded solder balls. 17. An integrated circuit (IC) chip, comprising:
a radar device comprising a signal launch on a surface of the radar device; and a wave-guiding interface comprising a set of grounded solder balls arranged as a fence around the signal launch on the surface of the radar device. 18. The IC chip of claim 17, wherein the wave-guiding interface defines a shape of a cross section of a signal channel corresponding to the signal launch. 19. The IC chip of claim 17, further comprising a ball grid array (BGA) package encapsulating the radar device and comprising the set of grounded solder balls included in the wave-guiding interface. 20. The IC chip of claim 17, wherein the IC chip is coupled to a PCB substrate having:
a first surface; a second surface opposite the first surface; and a substrate through-hole waveguide from the first surface to the second surface, wherein the set of grounded solder balls couples the radar device to the first surface such that the surface of the radar device faces the first surface and such that the signal launch and the substrate through-hole waveguide are substantially aligned. 21. The IC chip of claim 20, wherein an external antenna is coupled to the second surface of the PCB substrate and comprises a waveguide opening, wherein the wave-guiding interface, the substrate through-hole waveguide, and the waveguide opening form a signal channel between the signal launch and the external antenna. 22. The IC chip of claim 21, wherein a shape of a cross section of the signal channel is defined by the set of grounded solder balls arranged as the fence around the signal launch. | 3,600 |
349,389 | 350,263 | 16,853,822 | 3,658 | A dryer and sanitizer unit for rechargeable electronic devices includes a drying chamber formed by a base attached to a housing and a repositionable lid that covers the base. The drying chamber is configured to enclose one or more rechargeable electronic devices and one or more electronic charger units associated with the one or more electronic devices. The drying chamber includes one or more passages through which electric cords associated with the one or more electronic charger units may pass out of the drying chamber. An air inlet is provided in the housing in gas flow communication with the drying chamber and a filter is associated with the air inlet. One or more disinfecting light sources located within the drying chamber. | 1. A dryer and sanitizer unit for rechargeable electronic devices: comprising a drying chamber formed by a base attached to a housing and a repositionable lid that covers the base, the drying chamber configured to enclose one or more rechargeable electronic devices and one or more electronic charger units associated with the one or more electronic devices, the drying chamber including one or more passages through which electric cords associated with the one or more electronic charger units may pass out of the drying chamber, an air inlet in the housing in gas flow communication with the drying chamber, a filter associated with the air inlet, and one or more disinfecting light sources located within the drying chamber, wherein the filter is impregnated with a sanitizing fluid selected from the group consisting of an essential oil, an ethyl alcohol solution, a sodium hypochlorite solution, white vinegar, and a hydrogen peroxide solution. 2. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, further comprising a thermostat operably associated with the drying chamber for measuring air temperature in the drying chamber. 3. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein the rechargeable electronic devices are selected from the group consisting of hearing aids, cell phones, watches, headphones, earphones, and portable rechargeable electronic devices. 4. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, further comprising a controller operably associated with the drying chamber for controlling air temperature in the drying chamber to maintain the air temperature in the drying chamber above a predetermined drying temperature and below a predetermined upper temperature corresponding to a temperature above which rechargeable batteries of the rechargeable electronic devices are vulnerable to overheating. 5. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 4, further including a fan and a heater in flow communication with the air inlet in the housing and holes in the base for introduction of a flow of warm air into the drying chamber. 6. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 5, further including air vents located in the lid to promote the flow of warm air over the rechargeable electronic devices and provide a path for the warm air to exit the drying chamber. 7. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 5, wherein the one or more UV-C light sources are operated for a predetermined time sufficient to disinfect the rechargeable electronic devices within the drying chamber, after which the heater and fan are operated for a predetermined drying cycle to introduce the warm air into the drying chamber with or without the UV-C light sources being operated. 8. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein the lid has air vents and a shape that is sufficient to accommodate the one or more rechargeable electronic devices and the one or more electronic charger units. 9. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein an interior surface of the lid is UV-reflective. 10. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, further comprising a lid open detection circuit operably associated with both the lid and the disinfecting light source and operable to turn off the disinfecting light sources if the lid is opened during operation of the disinfecting light sources. 11. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein a wireless nearfield proximity charger is built into the base. 12. The drying and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein the filter comprises a filter material impregnated with an essential oil. 13. A dryer and sanitizer unit, comprising:
a base and a lid attached to a housing that together define a drying chamber that encloses one or more rechargeable electronic devices and one or more charger units associated with the one or more rechargeable electronic devices; one or more passages in the housing through which electric cords associated with the one or more charger units pass out of the drying chamber; one or more disinfecting light sources located within the drying chamber; an air inlet in the housing in gas flow communication with the drying chamber; a filter associated with the air inlet, wherein the filter is impregnated with a sanitizing fluid selected from the group consisting of an essential oil, an ethyl alcohol solution, a sodium hypochlorite solution, white vinegar, and a hydrogen peroxide solution; a heater configured to provide heated dry air from the air inlet to the drying chamber; a fan configured to circulate the heated dry air in the drying chamber; a thermostat configured to measure air temperature in the drying chamber; and a controller in electrical communication with the thermostat and the heater for maintaining the air temperature in the drying chamber above a predetermined drying temperature and below a predetermined upper temperature corresponding to a temperature above which rechargeable batteries associated with the rechargeable electronic devices are vulnerable to overheating. 14. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, further comprising vents in the lid. 15. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein the disinfecting light sources are operated for a predetermined time sufficient to disinfect the electronic devices within the drying chamber, after which the heater and fan are operated for a predetermined drying cycle to circulate flow warm air into the drying chamber with or without the disinfecting light sources being operated. 16. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein the lid has a shape that is sufficient to accommodate the one or more rechargeable electronic devices and the one or more electronic charger units. 17. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein an interior surface of the lid is UV-reflective. 18. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, further comprising a lid open detection circuit operably associated with both the lid and the disinfecting light source and operable to turn off the disinfecting light sources if the lid is opened during operation of the disinfecting light sources. 19. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein the rechargeable electronic devices are selected from the group consisting of hearing aids, cell phones, watches, headphones, earphones, and portable rechargeable electronic devices. 20. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein the filter comprises a filter material impregnated with an essential oil. 21. A dryer and sanitizer unit, comprising:
a base upon which one or more rechargeable electronic devices may be placed: a lid attached to the base that together with the base defines a drying chamber that encloses the one or more rechargeable electronic devices; one or more disinfecting light sources located within the drying chamber; an air inlet in the housing in gas flow communication with the drying chamber; a filter associated with the air inlet, wherein the filter is impregnated with a sanitizing fluid selected from the group consisting of an essential oil, an ethyl alcohol solution, a sodium hypochlorite solution, white vinegar, and a hydrogen peroxide solution; a heater configured to provide heated dry air from the air inlet to the drying chamber; a fan configured to circulate the heated dry air in the drying chamber; a thermostat configured to measure air temperature in the drying chamber; and a controller in electrical communication with the thermostat and the heater for maintaining the air temperature in the drying chamber above a predetermined drying temperature and below a predetermined upper temperature corresponding to a temperature above which rechargeable batteries associated with the rechargeable electronic devices are vulnerable to overheating. 22. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 21, wherein an interior surface of the lid is UV-reflective. 23. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 21, further comprising a lid open detection circuit operably associated with both the lid and the disinfecting light source and operable to turn off the disinfecting light sources if the lid is opened during operation of the disinfecting light sources. 24. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 21, further comprising one or more air passages disposed in the base and the lid. 25. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 21, wherein the filter is selected from the group consisting of a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, and a filter material impregnated with an essential oil. | A dryer and sanitizer unit for rechargeable electronic devices includes a drying chamber formed by a base attached to a housing and a repositionable lid that covers the base. The drying chamber is configured to enclose one or more rechargeable electronic devices and one or more electronic charger units associated with the one or more electronic devices. The drying chamber includes one or more passages through which electric cords associated with the one or more electronic charger units may pass out of the drying chamber. An air inlet is provided in the housing in gas flow communication with the drying chamber and a filter is associated with the air inlet. One or more disinfecting light sources located within the drying chamber.1. A dryer and sanitizer unit for rechargeable electronic devices: comprising a drying chamber formed by a base attached to a housing and a repositionable lid that covers the base, the drying chamber configured to enclose one or more rechargeable electronic devices and one or more electronic charger units associated with the one or more electronic devices, the drying chamber including one or more passages through which electric cords associated with the one or more electronic charger units may pass out of the drying chamber, an air inlet in the housing in gas flow communication with the drying chamber, a filter associated with the air inlet, and one or more disinfecting light sources located within the drying chamber, wherein the filter is impregnated with a sanitizing fluid selected from the group consisting of an essential oil, an ethyl alcohol solution, a sodium hypochlorite solution, white vinegar, and a hydrogen peroxide solution. 2. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, further comprising a thermostat operably associated with the drying chamber for measuring air temperature in the drying chamber. 3. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein the rechargeable electronic devices are selected from the group consisting of hearing aids, cell phones, watches, headphones, earphones, and portable rechargeable electronic devices. 4. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, further comprising a controller operably associated with the drying chamber for controlling air temperature in the drying chamber to maintain the air temperature in the drying chamber above a predetermined drying temperature and below a predetermined upper temperature corresponding to a temperature above which rechargeable batteries of the rechargeable electronic devices are vulnerable to overheating. 5. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 4, further including a fan and a heater in flow communication with the air inlet in the housing and holes in the base for introduction of a flow of warm air into the drying chamber. 6. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 5, further including air vents located in the lid to promote the flow of warm air over the rechargeable electronic devices and provide a path for the warm air to exit the drying chamber. 7. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 5, wherein the one or more UV-C light sources are operated for a predetermined time sufficient to disinfect the rechargeable electronic devices within the drying chamber, after which the heater and fan are operated for a predetermined drying cycle to introduce the warm air into the drying chamber with or without the UV-C light sources being operated. 8. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein the lid has air vents and a shape that is sufficient to accommodate the one or more rechargeable electronic devices and the one or more electronic charger units. 9. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein an interior surface of the lid is UV-reflective. 10. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, further comprising a lid open detection circuit operably associated with both the lid and the disinfecting light source and operable to turn off the disinfecting light sources if the lid is opened during operation of the disinfecting light sources. 11. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein a wireless nearfield proximity charger is built into the base. 12. The drying and sanitizer unit of claim 1, wherein the filter comprises a filter material impregnated with an essential oil. 13. A dryer and sanitizer unit, comprising:
a base and a lid attached to a housing that together define a drying chamber that encloses one or more rechargeable electronic devices and one or more charger units associated with the one or more rechargeable electronic devices; one or more passages in the housing through which electric cords associated with the one or more charger units pass out of the drying chamber; one or more disinfecting light sources located within the drying chamber; an air inlet in the housing in gas flow communication with the drying chamber; a filter associated with the air inlet, wherein the filter is impregnated with a sanitizing fluid selected from the group consisting of an essential oil, an ethyl alcohol solution, a sodium hypochlorite solution, white vinegar, and a hydrogen peroxide solution; a heater configured to provide heated dry air from the air inlet to the drying chamber; a fan configured to circulate the heated dry air in the drying chamber; a thermostat configured to measure air temperature in the drying chamber; and a controller in electrical communication with the thermostat and the heater for maintaining the air temperature in the drying chamber above a predetermined drying temperature and below a predetermined upper temperature corresponding to a temperature above which rechargeable batteries associated with the rechargeable electronic devices are vulnerable to overheating. 14. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, further comprising vents in the lid. 15. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein the disinfecting light sources are operated for a predetermined time sufficient to disinfect the electronic devices within the drying chamber, after which the heater and fan are operated for a predetermined drying cycle to circulate flow warm air into the drying chamber with or without the disinfecting light sources being operated. 16. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein the lid has a shape that is sufficient to accommodate the one or more rechargeable electronic devices and the one or more electronic charger units. 17. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein an interior surface of the lid is UV-reflective. 18. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, further comprising a lid open detection circuit operably associated with both the lid and the disinfecting light source and operable to turn off the disinfecting light sources if the lid is opened during operation of the disinfecting light sources. 19. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein the rechargeable electronic devices are selected from the group consisting of hearing aids, cell phones, watches, headphones, earphones, and portable rechargeable electronic devices. 20. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 13, wherein the filter comprises a filter material impregnated with an essential oil. 21. A dryer and sanitizer unit, comprising:
a base upon which one or more rechargeable electronic devices may be placed: a lid attached to the base that together with the base defines a drying chamber that encloses the one or more rechargeable electronic devices; one or more disinfecting light sources located within the drying chamber; an air inlet in the housing in gas flow communication with the drying chamber; a filter associated with the air inlet, wherein the filter is impregnated with a sanitizing fluid selected from the group consisting of an essential oil, an ethyl alcohol solution, a sodium hypochlorite solution, white vinegar, and a hydrogen peroxide solution; a heater configured to provide heated dry air from the air inlet to the drying chamber; a fan configured to circulate the heated dry air in the drying chamber; a thermostat configured to measure air temperature in the drying chamber; and a controller in electrical communication with the thermostat and the heater for maintaining the air temperature in the drying chamber above a predetermined drying temperature and below a predetermined upper temperature corresponding to a temperature above which rechargeable batteries associated with the rechargeable electronic devices are vulnerable to overheating. 22. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 21, wherein an interior surface of the lid is UV-reflective. 23. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 21, further comprising a lid open detection circuit operably associated with both the lid and the disinfecting light source and operable to turn off the disinfecting light sources if the lid is opened during operation of the disinfecting light sources. 24. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 21, further comprising one or more air passages disposed in the base and the lid. 25. The dryer and sanitizer unit of claim 21, wherein the filter is selected from the group consisting of a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, and a filter material impregnated with an essential oil. | 3,600 |
349,390 | 350,264 | 16,853,835 | 3,658 | A gripping device includes: a gripping portion configured to be displaced between a closed position in which a workpiece is grasped and an open position in which the workpiece is released; a holding portion configured to hold the gripping portion; a shaft portion that extends from the holding portion; a support portion configured to support the shaft portion such that the gripping portion faces the workpiece; a driving unit configured to displace the gripping portion between the closed position and the open position; and a moving mechanism configured to move the support portion in an axial direction of the shaft portion, in which the support portion is configured to support the shaft portion such that when a load acts on the shaft portion in the axial direction, the shaft portion is slidable relative to the support portion. | 1. A gripping device comprising:
a gripping portion configured to be displaced between a closed position in which a workpiece is grasped and an open position in which the workpiece is released; a holding portion configured to hold the gripping portion; a shaft portion that extends from the holding portion; a support portion configured to support the shaft portion such that the gripping portion faces the workpiece; a driving unit configured to displace the gripping portion between the closed position and the open position; and a moving mechanism configured to move the support portion in an axial direction of the shaft portion, wherein the support portion is configured to support the shaft portion such that when a load acts on the shaft portion in the axial direction, the shaft portion is slidable relative to the support portion. 2. The gripping device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a displacement sensor configured to detect a displacement of the shaft portion in the axial direction; and a control unit configured to control the driving unit based on a detection result of the displacement sensor, wherein the control unit is configured to displace the gripping portion from the open position to the closed position when the shaft portion slides relative to the support portion. 3. The gripping device according to claim 2, wherein
the shaft portion includes a shaft portion body that is slidable relative to the support portion, and a protruding portion that extends in a direction intersecting the axial direction from the shaft portion body, the support portion supports the protruding portion from vertically below such that the axial direction is a vertical direction, the displacement sensor is configured to detect a displacement of the protruding portion relative to the support portion, and the control unit is configured to displace the gripping portion from the open position to the closed position when the protruding portion rises relatively to the support portion while the support portion is being lowered such that the gripping portion is moved close to the workpiece. 4. The gripping device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a biasing member configured to bias the shaft portion so as to press the protruding portion against the support portion. | A gripping device includes: a gripping portion configured to be displaced between a closed position in which a workpiece is grasped and an open position in which the workpiece is released; a holding portion configured to hold the gripping portion; a shaft portion that extends from the holding portion; a support portion configured to support the shaft portion such that the gripping portion faces the workpiece; a driving unit configured to displace the gripping portion between the closed position and the open position; and a moving mechanism configured to move the support portion in an axial direction of the shaft portion, in which the support portion is configured to support the shaft portion such that when a load acts on the shaft portion in the axial direction, the shaft portion is slidable relative to the support portion.1. A gripping device comprising:
a gripping portion configured to be displaced between a closed position in which a workpiece is grasped and an open position in which the workpiece is released; a holding portion configured to hold the gripping portion; a shaft portion that extends from the holding portion; a support portion configured to support the shaft portion such that the gripping portion faces the workpiece; a driving unit configured to displace the gripping portion between the closed position and the open position; and a moving mechanism configured to move the support portion in an axial direction of the shaft portion, wherein the support portion is configured to support the shaft portion such that when a load acts on the shaft portion in the axial direction, the shaft portion is slidable relative to the support portion. 2. The gripping device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a displacement sensor configured to detect a displacement of the shaft portion in the axial direction; and a control unit configured to control the driving unit based on a detection result of the displacement sensor, wherein the control unit is configured to displace the gripping portion from the open position to the closed position when the shaft portion slides relative to the support portion. 3. The gripping device according to claim 2, wherein
the shaft portion includes a shaft portion body that is slidable relative to the support portion, and a protruding portion that extends in a direction intersecting the axial direction from the shaft portion body, the support portion supports the protruding portion from vertically below such that the axial direction is a vertical direction, the displacement sensor is configured to detect a displacement of the protruding portion relative to the support portion, and the control unit is configured to displace the gripping portion from the open position to the closed position when the protruding portion rises relatively to the support portion while the support portion is being lowered such that the gripping portion is moved close to the workpiece. 4. The gripping device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a biasing member configured to bias the shaft portion so as to press the protruding portion against the support portion. | 3,600 |
349,391 | 350,265 | 16,853,837 | 3,658 | A pneumatic tire in the present invention has a narrow groove extending in the tire circumferential direction on a portion closer to a tire equator than a ground contact end, and dividing a shoulder land into a main land close to the tire equator and a sub land close to the ground contact end. An outer sidewall of the narrow groove has: a straight line extending inward in a tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the sub land; a first circular arc smoothly connected to the straight line; and a second circular arc smoothly connected to a groove bottom of the narrow groove. The first circular arc has a center of a circular arc closer to the equator than the outer sidewall. The second circular arc has a center of a circular arc closer to an outside in a tire width direction than the outer sidewall. | 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:
a shoulder land provided on a tread surface and extending in a tire circumferential direction; and a narrow groove provided on the tread surface, extending in the tire circumferential direction on a portion closer to a tire equator than a ground contact end of the shoulder land, and dividing the shoulder land into a main land close to the tire equator and a sub land close to the ground contact end, wherein an outer sidewall of the narrow groove has: a straight line extending inward in a tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the sub land; a first circular arc smoothly connected to the straight line; and a second circular arc smoothly connected to a groove bottom of the narrow groove, and wherein the first circular arc has a center of a circular arc closer to the tire equator than the outer sidewall, and the second circular arc has a center of a circular arc closer to an outside in a tire width direction than the outer sidewall. 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a curvature radius of the first circular arc is larger than 3 mm and smaller than 12 mm. 3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a curvature radius of the second circular arc is larger than 3 mm and smaller than 12 mm. 4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a difference between a curvature radius of the first circular arc and a curvature radius of the second circular arc is 1.2 mm or less. 5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the groove bottom is composed of a single circular arc. 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1,
wherein an inner sidewall of the narrow groove includes a straight line extending inward in the tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the main land, and wherein, when an interval between the straight line of the outer sidewall and the straight line of the inner sidewall is L1, and a maximum space dimension of the groove bottom in the tire width direction is L2, 1.5≤L2/L1≤2.3 is established. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1,
wherein an inner sidewall of the narrow groove is composed of: a straight line extending inward in the tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the main land; and a third circular arc in which one end is smoothly connected to the straight line and other end is smoothly connected to the groove bottom, and wherein a center of a circular arc of the third circular arc is located closer to the tire equator than the inner sidewall. 8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1,
wherein an inner sidewall of the narrow groove is composed of: a straight line extending inward in the tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the main land; and a third circular arc in which one end is smoothly connected to the straight line and other end is smoothly connected to the groove bottom, and wherein a curvature radius of the third circular arc is smaller than a curvature radius of the first circular arc and a curvature radius of the second circular arc. 9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the first circular arc and the second circular arc are directly connected to each other. 10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the outer sidewall includes an intermediate straight line in which one end is smoothly connected to the first circular arc and other end is smoothly connected to the second circular arc. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein a length of the intermediate straight line is 1.5 mm or less. | A pneumatic tire in the present invention has a narrow groove extending in the tire circumferential direction on a portion closer to a tire equator than a ground contact end, and dividing a shoulder land into a main land close to the tire equator and a sub land close to the ground contact end. An outer sidewall of the narrow groove has: a straight line extending inward in a tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the sub land; a first circular arc smoothly connected to the straight line; and a second circular arc smoothly connected to a groove bottom of the narrow groove. The first circular arc has a center of a circular arc closer to the equator than the outer sidewall. The second circular arc has a center of a circular arc closer to an outside in a tire width direction than the outer sidewall.1. A pneumatic tire comprising:
a shoulder land provided on a tread surface and extending in a tire circumferential direction; and a narrow groove provided on the tread surface, extending in the tire circumferential direction on a portion closer to a tire equator than a ground contact end of the shoulder land, and dividing the shoulder land into a main land close to the tire equator and a sub land close to the ground contact end, wherein an outer sidewall of the narrow groove has: a straight line extending inward in a tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the sub land; a first circular arc smoothly connected to the straight line; and a second circular arc smoothly connected to a groove bottom of the narrow groove, and wherein the first circular arc has a center of a circular arc closer to the tire equator than the outer sidewall, and the second circular arc has a center of a circular arc closer to an outside in a tire width direction than the outer sidewall. 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a curvature radius of the first circular arc is larger than 3 mm and smaller than 12 mm. 3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a curvature radius of the second circular arc is larger than 3 mm and smaller than 12 mm. 4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a difference between a curvature radius of the first circular arc and a curvature radius of the second circular arc is 1.2 mm or less. 5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the groove bottom is composed of a single circular arc. 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1,
wherein an inner sidewall of the narrow groove includes a straight line extending inward in the tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the main land, and wherein, when an interval between the straight line of the outer sidewall and the straight line of the inner sidewall is L1, and a maximum space dimension of the groove bottom in the tire width direction is L2, 1.5≤L2/L1≤2.3 is established. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1,
wherein an inner sidewall of the narrow groove is composed of: a straight line extending inward in the tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the main land; and a third circular arc in which one end is smoothly connected to the straight line and other end is smoothly connected to the groove bottom, and wherein a center of a circular arc of the third circular arc is located closer to the tire equator than the inner sidewall. 8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1,
wherein an inner sidewall of the narrow groove is composed of: a straight line extending inward in the tire radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the main land; and a third circular arc in which one end is smoothly connected to the straight line and other end is smoothly connected to the groove bottom, and wherein a curvature radius of the third circular arc is smaller than a curvature radius of the first circular arc and a curvature radius of the second circular arc. 9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the first circular arc and the second circular arc are directly connected to each other. 10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein the outer sidewall includes an intermediate straight line in which one end is smoothly connected to the first circular arc and other end is smoothly connected to the second circular arc. 11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 10, wherein a length of the intermediate straight line is 1.5 mm or less. | 3,600 |
349,392 | 350,266 | 16,853,845 | 3,655 | A vending machine system is disclosed and claimed. In particular, the disclosed vending machine system allows multiple vendors to sell food items through a vending machine. The vending machine provides multiple locked bins, each of which can authenticate to a single vendor. Also, the vending machine implements price adjustment rules, such as raising the price of a particular item during, before, and after a high traffic event. In addition, customer dietary restrictions can be tracked, and purchases of food items that would violate those dietary restrictions can be prevented. | 1. A vending machine system comprising:
a housing; a plurality of storage bins disposed within the housing, each of said storage bins storing one or more food items of a particular type; an item dispenser disposed within the housing, the item dispenser adapted to retrieve items from the plurality of storage bins; a vending area; a processor disposed within the housing, the processor coupled to the item dispenser; the processor maintaining a price for each of the particular types of food items; a clock disposed within the housing and coupled to the processor; a network interface coupled to the processor, the network interface adapted to receive a calendar of high traffic events wherein each of the high traffic events has a start time and an end time and wherein each high traffic event is an external event that is expected to drive higher demand for at least one of the one or more food items; and wherein the processor is adapted to raise the price of the at least one of the one or more of the particular type of food items that is expected to have higher demand for at least a portion of the time encompassed by the start time and end time of at least one of the high traffic events recited in the calendar of high traffic events. 2. (canceled) 3. The vending machine system of claim 1 further comprising a database storing an inventory of items stored in the storage bins and wherein the processor is adapted to receive an order using the network interface and reserve an item based on the order. 4. The vending machine system of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of locks, with each lock corresponding to an individual storage bin. 5. The vending machine system of claim 4 wherein each lock includes an authentication mechanism and wherein each authentication mechanism is adapted to authenticate a single vendor. 6. The vending machine system of claim 1 further comprising a food preparation module coupled to the processor wherein the item dispenser is further adapted to move an item from a particular storage bin to the food preparation module. 7. The vending machine system of claim 6 further comprising an optional ingredient storage area wherein a plurality of optional ingredients are stored and wherein the item dispenser is adapted to retrieve the item from a particular storage bin from the food preparation module and place it on a vending package along with at least one optional ingredient, and then move the vending package to the vending area. 8. The vending machine system of claim 1 wherein the price of at least one of the particular type of food items is lowered after the end time of the high traffic event. | A vending machine system is disclosed and claimed. In particular, the disclosed vending machine system allows multiple vendors to sell food items through a vending machine. The vending machine provides multiple locked bins, each of which can authenticate to a single vendor. Also, the vending machine implements price adjustment rules, such as raising the price of a particular item during, before, and after a high traffic event. In addition, customer dietary restrictions can be tracked, and purchases of food items that would violate those dietary restrictions can be prevented.1. A vending machine system comprising:
a housing; a plurality of storage bins disposed within the housing, each of said storage bins storing one or more food items of a particular type; an item dispenser disposed within the housing, the item dispenser adapted to retrieve items from the plurality of storage bins; a vending area; a processor disposed within the housing, the processor coupled to the item dispenser; the processor maintaining a price for each of the particular types of food items; a clock disposed within the housing and coupled to the processor; a network interface coupled to the processor, the network interface adapted to receive a calendar of high traffic events wherein each of the high traffic events has a start time and an end time and wherein each high traffic event is an external event that is expected to drive higher demand for at least one of the one or more food items; and wherein the processor is adapted to raise the price of the at least one of the one or more of the particular type of food items that is expected to have higher demand for at least a portion of the time encompassed by the start time and end time of at least one of the high traffic events recited in the calendar of high traffic events. 2. (canceled) 3. The vending machine system of claim 1 further comprising a database storing an inventory of items stored in the storage bins and wherein the processor is adapted to receive an order using the network interface and reserve an item based on the order. 4. The vending machine system of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of locks, with each lock corresponding to an individual storage bin. 5. The vending machine system of claim 4 wherein each lock includes an authentication mechanism and wherein each authentication mechanism is adapted to authenticate a single vendor. 6. The vending machine system of claim 1 further comprising a food preparation module coupled to the processor wherein the item dispenser is further adapted to move an item from a particular storage bin to the food preparation module. 7. The vending machine system of claim 6 further comprising an optional ingredient storage area wherein a plurality of optional ingredients are stored and wherein the item dispenser is adapted to retrieve the item from a particular storage bin from the food preparation module and place it on a vending package along with at least one optional ingredient, and then move the vending package to the vending area. 8. The vending machine system of claim 1 wherein the price of at least one of the particular type of food items is lowered after the end time of the high traffic event. | 3,600 |
349,393 | 350,267 | 16,853,858 | 3,655 | A sprinkler includes an inlet aperture, an outlet aperture, a body, a conical member, and a deflector. The inlet aperture receives fire suppressant agent at an inlet end of the sprinkler and the outlet aperture is at an outlet end of the sprinkler. The body extends along a longitudinal axis and includes an inner volume forming a fluid flow path between the inlet end and the outlet end of the sprinkler. The conical member is positioned at the outlet end of the sprinkler directs the fire suppressant agent outwards. The deflector receives fire suppressant agent from the conical member and distributes the fire suppressant agent about a service area. The deflector includes multiple tines, which each extend along a corresponding radial axis that is substantially perpendicular with the longitudinal axis. Each tine is offset by an angular amount about the corresponding radial axis. | 1. A sprinkler configured to distribute a fire suppressant agent, the sprinkler comprising:
an inlet aperture configured to receive fire suppressant agent at an inlet end of the sprinkler; an outlet aperture at an outlet end of the sprinkler; a body extending along a longitudinal axis, the body comprising an inner volume forming a fluid flow path between the inlet end and the outlet end of the sprinkler; a conical member positioned at the outlet end of the sprinkler and configured to direct the fire suppressant agent outwards; and a deflector configured to receive fire suppressant agent from the conical member and distribute the fire suppressant agent about a service area, the deflector comprising a plurality of tines, wherein each of the plurality of tines extends along a corresponding radial axis that is substantially perpendicular with the longitudinal axis and extends radially outwards from the longitudinal axis, wherein each tine is offset by an angular amount about the corresponding radial axis. 2. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the deflector is fixedly coupled with the conical member at a base of the conical member and the plurality of tines are configured to receive the fire suppressant agent and direct the fire suppressant agent radially outwards to distribute the fire suppressant agent about the service area. 3. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the deflector is rotatably coupled with the conical member at a base of the conical member. 4. The sprinkler of claim 3, wherein the plurality of tines of the deflector are configured to receive the fire suppressant agent as the fire suppressant agent flows along the fluid flow path to drive the deflector to rotate about the longitudinal axis. 5. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the conical member is configured to receive the fire suppressant agent from the outlet aperture of the sprinkler at the outlet end of the sprinkler, and distribute the fire suppressant agent about the deflector. 6. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the deflector further comprises a plurality of slots, wherein each slot is positioned between neighboring tines. 7. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tines are each angled between 1 and 45 degrees about the corresponding radial axis. 8. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tines are each twisted about the corresponding radial axis. 9. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the conical member is fixedly coupled with a connecting portion of the sprinkler at an apex of the conical member, wherein the connecting portion is fixedly coupled with and extends between two points of the body at the outlet end of the sprinkler. 10. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the conical member and the deflector are positioned downstream of the outlet aperture of the sprinkler. 11. A fire suppression system comprising:
a tank configured to store a fire suppressant agent; a piping system fluidly coupled with the tank; and a discharge device fluidly coupled with the piping system, the discharge device comprising:
a body extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising an inner volume configured to receive the fire suppressant agent from the piping system, the inner volume forming a fluid flow path between an inlet end and an outlet end of the discharge device;
a splitter positioned at the outlet end of the discharge device, the splitter configured to direct the fire suppressant agent outwards as the fire suppressant agent exits the body; and
a deflecting member rotatably coupled with a base of the splitter at the outlet end of the discharge device, the deflecting member configured to receive the fire suppressant agent that is directed outwards by the splitter, be driven to rotate about the longitudinal axis by a flow of the fire suppressant agent along the fluid flow path, and distribute the fire suppressant agent about an area. 12. The fire suppression system of claim 11, wherein the deflecting member comprises a plurality of tines, wherein each of the plurality of tines extend along a corresponding radial axis, the corresponding radial axis substantially perpendicular with the longitudinal axis. 13. The fire suppression system of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of tines are offset about the corresponding radial axis an angular amount. 14. The fire suppression system of claim 13, wherein the angular amount is between 1 and 45 degrees. 15. The fire suppression system of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of tines are twisted about the corresponding radial axis. 16. The fire suppression system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of tines of the deflecting member are configured to receive the fire suppressant agent so that the deflecting member is driven to rotate relative to the splitter by the flow of the fire suppressant agent. 17. The fire suppression system of claim 12, wherein the deflecting member further comprises a plurality of slots, wherein each of the plurality of slots are positioned between neighboring ones of the plurality of tines. 18. The fire suppression system of claim 11, wherein the splitter is a conical member and the deflecting member is rotatably coupled with the conical member at a base of the conical member, an apex of the conical member positioned along the fluid flow path. 19. A discharge device for a fire suppression system, the discharge device comprising:
a body extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising an inlet end comprising an inlet aperture and an outlet end comprising an outlet aperture, the body having an inner volume defining a flow path between the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture; a connecting portion extending across the outlet aperture, the connecting portion integrally formed with the body; a conical member integrally formed with the connecting portion, an apex of the conical member centered at the longitudinal axis and positioned along the flow path; and a deflector coupled with a base of the conical member and positioned along the flow path downstream of the conical member, the deflector comprising:
a plurality of tines, wherein each tine extends radially outwards along a corresponding radial centerline that is perpendicular with the longitudinal axis and each tine is angularly offset about the corresponding radial centerline by an angular amount;
wherein the conical member is configured to receive fire suppressant agent that flows along the flow path and direct the fire suppressant agent outwards towards the deflector. 20. The discharge device of claim 19, wherein the deflector is rotatably coupled with the base of the conical member and the plurality of tines are configured to receive the fire suppressant agent as the fire suppressant agent flows along the flow path, wherein the flow of the fire suppressant agent drives the deflector to rotate about the longitudinal axis and the plurality of tines are configured to distribute the fire suppressant agent at least partially radially outwards. | A sprinkler includes an inlet aperture, an outlet aperture, a body, a conical member, and a deflector. The inlet aperture receives fire suppressant agent at an inlet end of the sprinkler and the outlet aperture is at an outlet end of the sprinkler. The body extends along a longitudinal axis and includes an inner volume forming a fluid flow path between the inlet end and the outlet end of the sprinkler. The conical member is positioned at the outlet end of the sprinkler directs the fire suppressant agent outwards. The deflector receives fire suppressant agent from the conical member and distributes the fire suppressant agent about a service area. The deflector includes multiple tines, which each extend along a corresponding radial axis that is substantially perpendicular with the longitudinal axis. Each tine is offset by an angular amount about the corresponding radial axis.1. A sprinkler configured to distribute a fire suppressant agent, the sprinkler comprising:
an inlet aperture configured to receive fire suppressant agent at an inlet end of the sprinkler; an outlet aperture at an outlet end of the sprinkler; a body extending along a longitudinal axis, the body comprising an inner volume forming a fluid flow path between the inlet end and the outlet end of the sprinkler; a conical member positioned at the outlet end of the sprinkler and configured to direct the fire suppressant agent outwards; and a deflector configured to receive fire suppressant agent from the conical member and distribute the fire suppressant agent about a service area, the deflector comprising a plurality of tines, wherein each of the plurality of tines extends along a corresponding radial axis that is substantially perpendicular with the longitudinal axis and extends radially outwards from the longitudinal axis, wherein each tine is offset by an angular amount about the corresponding radial axis. 2. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the deflector is fixedly coupled with the conical member at a base of the conical member and the plurality of tines are configured to receive the fire suppressant agent and direct the fire suppressant agent radially outwards to distribute the fire suppressant agent about the service area. 3. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the deflector is rotatably coupled with the conical member at a base of the conical member. 4. The sprinkler of claim 3, wherein the plurality of tines of the deflector are configured to receive the fire suppressant agent as the fire suppressant agent flows along the fluid flow path to drive the deflector to rotate about the longitudinal axis. 5. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the conical member is configured to receive the fire suppressant agent from the outlet aperture of the sprinkler at the outlet end of the sprinkler, and distribute the fire suppressant agent about the deflector. 6. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the deflector further comprises a plurality of slots, wherein each slot is positioned between neighboring tines. 7. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tines are each angled between 1 and 45 degrees about the corresponding radial axis. 8. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tines are each twisted about the corresponding radial axis. 9. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the conical member is fixedly coupled with a connecting portion of the sprinkler at an apex of the conical member, wherein the connecting portion is fixedly coupled with and extends between two points of the body at the outlet end of the sprinkler. 10. The sprinkler of claim 1, wherein the conical member and the deflector are positioned downstream of the outlet aperture of the sprinkler. 11. A fire suppression system comprising:
a tank configured to store a fire suppressant agent; a piping system fluidly coupled with the tank; and a discharge device fluidly coupled with the piping system, the discharge device comprising:
a body extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising an inner volume configured to receive the fire suppressant agent from the piping system, the inner volume forming a fluid flow path between an inlet end and an outlet end of the discharge device;
a splitter positioned at the outlet end of the discharge device, the splitter configured to direct the fire suppressant agent outwards as the fire suppressant agent exits the body; and
a deflecting member rotatably coupled with a base of the splitter at the outlet end of the discharge device, the deflecting member configured to receive the fire suppressant agent that is directed outwards by the splitter, be driven to rotate about the longitudinal axis by a flow of the fire suppressant agent along the fluid flow path, and distribute the fire suppressant agent about an area. 12. The fire suppression system of claim 11, wherein the deflecting member comprises a plurality of tines, wherein each of the plurality of tines extend along a corresponding radial axis, the corresponding radial axis substantially perpendicular with the longitudinal axis. 13. The fire suppression system of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of tines are offset about the corresponding radial axis an angular amount. 14. The fire suppression system of claim 13, wherein the angular amount is between 1 and 45 degrees. 15. The fire suppression system of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of tines are twisted about the corresponding radial axis. 16. The fire suppression system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of tines of the deflecting member are configured to receive the fire suppressant agent so that the deflecting member is driven to rotate relative to the splitter by the flow of the fire suppressant agent. 17. The fire suppression system of claim 12, wherein the deflecting member further comprises a plurality of slots, wherein each of the plurality of slots are positioned between neighboring ones of the plurality of tines. 18. The fire suppression system of claim 11, wherein the splitter is a conical member and the deflecting member is rotatably coupled with the conical member at a base of the conical member, an apex of the conical member positioned along the fluid flow path. 19. A discharge device for a fire suppression system, the discharge device comprising:
a body extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising an inlet end comprising an inlet aperture and an outlet end comprising an outlet aperture, the body having an inner volume defining a flow path between the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture; a connecting portion extending across the outlet aperture, the connecting portion integrally formed with the body; a conical member integrally formed with the connecting portion, an apex of the conical member centered at the longitudinal axis and positioned along the flow path; and a deflector coupled with a base of the conical member and positioned along the flow path downstream of the conical member, the deflector comprising:
a plurality of tines, wherein each tine extends radially outwards along a corresponding radial centerline that is perpendicular with the longitudinal axis and each tine is angularly offset about the corresponding radial centerline by an angular amount;
wherein the conical member is configured to receive fire suppressant agent that flows along the flow path and direct the fire suppressant agent outwards towards the deflector. 20. The discharge device of claim 19, wherein the deflector is rotatably coupled with the base of the conical member and the plurality of tines are configured to receive the fire suppressant agent as the fire suppressant agent flows along the flow path, wherein the flow of the fire suppressant agent drives the deflector to rotate about the longitudinal axis and the plurality of tines are configured to distribute the fire suppressant agent at least partially radially outwards. | 3,600 |
349,394 | 350,268 | 16,853,846 | 3,655 | The present disclosure, in some embodiments, relates to an integrated chip processing tool. The integrated chip processing tool includes a first transfer module and a second transfer module. The first transfer module has a first robotic arm disposed within a housing. The first transfer module is configured to receive a single and unitary first die tray configured to hold a plurality of integrated chip (IC) die and to concurrently transfer all of the plurality of IC die held by the single and unitary first die tray to a single and unitary die boat. The second transfer module has an additional robotic arm disposed within the housing and configured to concurrently transfer all of the plurality of IC die from the single and unitary die boat to a single and unitary second die tray. | 1. An integrated chip processing tool, comprising:
a first transfer module including a first robotic arm disposed within a housing, wherein the first transfer module is configured to receive a single and unitary first die tray configured to hold a plurality of integrated chip (IC) die and to concurrently transfer all of the plurality of IC die held by the single and unitary first die tray to a single and unitary die boat; and a second transfer module comprising an additional robotic arm disposed within the housing and configured to concurrently transfer all of the plurality of IC die from the single and unitary die boat to a single and unitary second die tray. 2. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1, wherein the single and unitary first die tray is the single and unitary second die tray. 3. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1,
wherein the single and unitary first die tray comprises outermost surfaces surrounding a first number of recesses and the single and unitary die boat comprises outermost surfaces surrounding a second number of recesses, the first number of recesses equal to the second number of recesses; and wherein the first number of recesses and the second number of recesses are respectively configured to hold an IC die of the plurality of IC die. 4. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1,
wherein the single and unitary first die tray comprises a first continuous surface that surrounds a first number of recesses and the single and unitary die boat comprises a second continuous surface that surrounds a second number of recesses, the first number of recesses equal to the second number of recesses; and wherein the first number of recesses and the second number of recesses are respectively configured to hold an IC die of the plurality of IC die. 5. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1, further comprising:
a processing tool configured to receive the single and unitary die boat from the first transfer module and to provide the single and unitary die boat to the second transfer module. 6. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 5, wherein the processing tool is a cleaning tool. 7. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1, further comprising:
a boat buffer comprising a first elevator and configured to transfer the single and unitary die boat from the second transfer module to the first transfer module. 8. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 7, wherein the boat buffer is configured to move the single and unitary die boat along a first direction and along a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. 9. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 7, further comprising:
a tray buffer comprising a second elevator and configured to transfer the single and unitary first die tray from the first transfer module to the second transfer module. 10. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 9, further comprising:
a cover buffer comprising a third elevator and configured to transfer a boat cover from the second transfer module to the first transfer module, wherein the tray buffer and the boat buffer are arranged in a mirror image layout around the cover buffer. 11. An integrated chip processing tool, comprising:
a first transfer module comprising a first robotic arm configured to receive a die tray comprising a plurality of integrated chip (IC) die, to automatically transfer the plurality of IC die from a first die tray to a die boat, and to place a boat cover onto the die boat; and a second transfer module comprising an additional robotic arm configured to receive the die boat and to transfer the plurality of IC die from the die boat to a second die tray; a cover buffer comprising an elevator configured to transfer the boat cover from the second transfer module to the first transfer module; and wherein the die boat is configured to move along a path that extends between the first transfer module and the second transfer module, the path separate from the cover buffer. 12. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 11, further comprising:
a tray buffer comprising a second elevator and configured to transfer the first die tray from the first transfer module to the second transfer module; and a boat buffer comprising a third elevator configured to transfer the boat cover from the second transfer module to the first transfer module, wherein the tray buffer and the boat buffer are arranged in a mirror image layout around the cover buffer. 13. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 12, wherein the tray buffer is configured to move the first die tray along a first direction and along a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. 14. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 11, wherein the die tray comprises a plurality of recesses respectively defined by sidewalls of the die tray that extend in an unbroken path configured to surround an IC die. 15. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 11, further comprising:
a boat buffer comprising a first elevator and configured to transfer the die boat from the second transfer module to the first transfer module along a first path extending in a first direction and in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; and a tray buffer comprising a second elevator and configured to transfer the first die tray from the first transfer module to the second transfer module along a second path extending in the first direction and in the second direction, wherein the first path is a mirror image of the second path. 16. An integrated chip processing tool, comprising:
a first transfer module configured to concurrently transfer a plurality of integrated chip (IC) die from a die tray of unitary construction to a die boat of unitary construction; and wherein the first transfer module comprises:
a first robotic arm configured to hold the die tray; and
a second robotic arm configured to hold the die boat and to bring a front-side of the die tray into contact with a front-side of the die boat, wherein the first robotic arm and the second robotic arm are configured to concurrently rotate the die tray and the die boat after the die tray and the die boat are brought into contact. 17. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 16, further comprising:
a second transfer module configured to concurrently transfer the plurality of IC die from the die boat to a second die tray of unitary construction, wherein the second die tray and the die boat have a same number of die openings respectively configured to hold a single IC die of the plurality of IC die. 18. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 17, wherein the die tray is the second die tray. 19. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 17, further comprising:
a boat buffer comprising a first elevator and configured to transfer the die boat from the second transfer module to the first transfer module along a first path extending in multiple directions. 20. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 19, further comprising:
a tray buffer comprising a second elevator and configured to transfer the die tray from the first transfer module to the second transfer module along a second path that is a mirror image of the first path. | The present disclosure, in some embodiments, relates to an integrated chip processing tool. The integrated chip processing tool includes a first transfer module and a second transfer module. The first transfer module has a first robotic arm disposed within a housing. The first transfer module is configured to receive a single and unitary first die tray configured to hold a plurality of integrated chip (IC) die and to concurrently transfer all of the plurality of IC die held by the single and unitary first die tray to a single and unitary die boat. The second transfer module has an additional robotic arm disposed within the housing and configured to concurrently transfer all of the plurality of IC die from the single and unitary die boat to a single and unitary second die tray.1. An integrated chip processing tool, comprising:
a first transfer module including a first robotic arm disposed within a housing, wherein the first transfer module is configured to receive a single and unitary first die tray configured to hold a plurality of integrated chip (IC) die and to concurrently transfer all of the plurality of IC die held by the single and unitary first die tray to a single and unitary die boat; and a second transfer module comprising an additional robotic arm disposed within the housing and configured to concurrently transfer all of the plurality of IC die from the single and unitary die boat to a single and unitary second die tray. 2. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1, wherein the single and unitary first die tray is the single and unitary second die tray. 3. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1,
wherein the single and unitary first die tray comprises outermost surfaces surrounding a first number of recesses and the single and unitary die boat comprises outermost surfaces surrounding a second number of recesses, the first number of recesses equal to the second number of recesses; and wherein the first number of recesses and the second number of recesses are respectively configured to hold an IC die of the plurality of IC die. 4. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1,
wherein the single and unitary first die tray comprises a first continuous surface that surrounds a first number of recesses and the single and unitary die boat comprises a second continuous surface that surrounds a second number of recesses, the first number of recesses equal to the second number of recesses; and wherein the first number of recesses and the second number of recesses are respectively configured to hold an IC die of the plurality of IC die. 5. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1, further comprising:
a processing tool configured to receive the single and unitary die boat from the first transfer module and to provide the single and unitary die boat to the second transfer module. 6. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 5, wherein the processing tool is a cleaning tool. 7. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 1, further comprising:
a boat buffer comprising a first elevator and configured to transfer the single and unitary die boat from the second transfer module to the first transfer module. 8. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 7, wherein the boat buffer is configured to move the single and unitary die boat along a first direction and along a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. 9. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 7, further comprising:
a tray buffer comprising a second elevator and configured to transfer the single and unitary first die tray from the first transfer module to the second transfer module. 10. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 9, further comprising:
a cover buffer comprising a third elevator and configured to transfer a boat cover from the second transfer module to the first transfer module, wherein the tray buffer and the boat buffer are arranged in a mirror image layout around the cover buffer. 11. An integrated chip processing tool, comprising:
a first transfer module comprising a first robotic arm configured to receive a die tray comprising a plurality of integrated chip (IC) die, to automatically transfer the plurality of IC die from a first die tray to a die boat, and to place a boat cover onto the die boat; and a second transfer module comprising an additional robotic arm configured to receive the die boat and to transfer the plurality of IC die from the die boat to a second die tray; a cover buffer comprising an elevator configured to transfer the boat cover from the second transfer module to the first transfer module; and wherein the die boat is configured to move along a path that extends between the first transfer module and the second transfer module, the path separate from the cover buffer. 12. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 11, further comprising:
a tray buffer comprising a second elevator and configured to transfer the first die tray from the first transfer module to the second transfer module; and a boat buffer comprising a third elevator configured to transfer the boat cover from the second transfer module to the first transfer module, wherein the tray buffer and the boat buffer are arranged in a mirror image layout around the cover buffer. 13. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 12, wherein the tray buffer is configured to move the first die tray along a first direction and along a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. 14. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 11, wherein the die tray comprises a plurality of recesses respectively defined by sidewalls of the die tray that extend in an unbroken path configured to surround an IC die. 15. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 11, further comprising:
a boat buffer comprising a first elevator and configured to transfer the die boat from the second transfer module to the first transfer module along a first path extending in a first direction and in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; and a tray buffer comprising a second elevator and configured to transfer the first die tray from the first transfer module to the second transfer module along a second path extending in the first direction and in the second direction, wherein the first path is a mirror image of the second path. 16. An integrated chip processing tool, comprising:
a first transfer module configured to concurrently transfer a plurality of integrated chip (IC) die from a die tray of unitary construction to a die boat of unitary construction; and wherein the first transfer module comprises:
a first robotic arm configured to hold the die tray; and
a second robotic arm configured to hold the die boat and to bring a front-side of the die tray into contact with a front-side of the die boat, wherein the first robotic arm and the second robotic arm are configured to concurrently rotate the die tray and the die boat after the die tray and the die boat are brought into contact. 17. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 16, further comprising:
a second transfer module configured to concurrently transfer the plurality of IC die from the die boat to a second die tray of unitary construction, wherein the second die tray and the die boat have a same number of die openings respectively configured to hold a single IC die of the plurality of IC die. 18. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 17, wherein the die tray is the second die tray. 19. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 17, further comprising:
a boat buffer comprising a first elevator and configured to transfer the die boat from the second transfer module to the first transfer module along a first path extending in multiple directions. 20. The integrated chip processing tool of claim 19, further comprising:
a tray buffer comprising a second elevator and configured to transfer the die tray from the first transfer module to the second transfer module along a second path that is a mirror image of the first path. | 3,600 |
349,395 | 350,269 | 16,853,774 | 3,655 | An envelope tracking supply modulator includes an amplifier circuit and a zero peaking circuit. The amplifier circuit receives an envelope input, generates a modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input, and provides the modulated supply voltage to a power amplifier. The zero peaking circuit is coupled to the amplifier circuit, and applies zero peaking to the amplifier circuit, where the zero peaking inserts a zero at a frequency. | 1. An envelope tracking supply modulator comprising:
an amplifier circuit, arranged to receive an envelope input, generate a modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input, and provide the modulated supply voltage to a power amplifier; and a zero peaking circuit, coupled to the amplifier circuit and arranged to apply zero peaking to the amplifier circuit, where said zero peaking inserts a zero at a frequency. 2. The envelope tracking supply modulator of claim 1, wherein the zero peaking circuit is adjustable. 3. The envelope tracking supply modulator of claim 2, wherein the zero peaking circuit comprises:
a frequency adjustment circuit, arranged to adjust the frequency of the zero inserted by said zero peaking. 4. The envelope tracking supply modulator of claim 2, wherein the zero peaking circuit comprises:
a gain adjustment circuit, arranged to adjust a gain introduced by the zero inserted by said zero peaking. 5. A wireless communication system comprising:
a transmit (TX) circuit, arranged to receive a TX baseband signal, generate a radio-frequency (RF) signal according to the TX baseband signal, and output the RF signal via a power amplifier (PA); an envelope tracking circuit, arranged to derive an envelope input from the TX baseband signal, and generate a modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input, wherein the envelope tracking circuit comprises an envelope tracking supply modulator, and the envelope tracking supply modulator comprises:
an amplifier circuit, arranged to receive the envelope input, generate the modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input, and provide the modulated supply voltage to the PA; and
an adjustable zero peaking circuit, coupled to the amplifier circuit and arranged to apply zero peaking to the amplifier circuit, where said zero peaking inserts a zero at a frequency;
a receive (RX) circuit, arranged to receive an output of the PA, and derive an RX baseband signal from the output of the PA; and an envelope tracking calibration circuit, arranged to calibrate the adjustable zero peaking circuit by analyzing the RX baseband signal. 6. The wireless communication system of claim 5, wherein the adjustable zero peaking circuit comprises:
a frequency adjustment circuit, arranged to adjust the frequency of the zero inserted by said zero peaking, wherein the frequency adjustment circuit operates under control of the envelope tracking calibration circuit. 7. The wireless communication system of claim 5, wherein the adjustable zero peaking circuit comprises:
a gain adjustment circuit, arranged to adjust a gain introduced by the zero inserted by said zero peaking, wherein the gain adjustment circuit operates under control of the envelope tracking calibration circuit. 8. The wireless communication system of claim 5, wherein the envelope tracking calibration circuit is arranged to calculate an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) according to the RX baseband signal, and adaptively calibrate the adjustable zero peaking circuit according to the ACLR. 9. The wireless communication system of claim 8, wherein the adjustable zero peaking circuit is arranged to support a plurality of pre-defined zero peaking settings, and the envelope tracking calibration circuit refers to the ACLR to select one of the pre-defined zero peaking settings as a target zero peaking setting for the adjustable zero peaking circuit. 10. An envelope tracking calibration method comprising:
receiving a transmit (TX) baseband signal, generating a radio-frequency (RF) signal according to the TX baseband signal, and outputting the RF signal via a power amplifier (PA); deriving an envelope input from the TX baseband signal; generating, by an amplifier circuit, a modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input; providing the modulated supply voltage to the PA; applying zero peaking to the amplifier circuit, where said zero peaking inserts a zero at a frequency; receiving an output of the PA, and deriving a receive (RX) baseband signal from the output of the PA; and calibrating said zero peaking by analyzing the RX baseband signal. 11. The envelope tracking calibration method of claim 10, wherein calibrating said zero peaking comprises:
adjusting the frequency of the zero inserted by said zero peaking. 12. The envelope tracking calibration method of claim 10, wherein calibrating said zero peaking comprises:
adjusting a gain introduced by the zero inserted by said zero peaking. 13. The envelope tracking calibration method of claim 10, wherein calibrating said zero peaking by analyzing the RX baseband signal comprises:
calculating an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) according to the RX baseband signal; and adaptively calibrating said zero peaking according to the ACLR. 14. The envelope tracking calibration method of claim 13, wherein adaptively calibrating said zero peaking according to the ACLR comprises:
referring to the ACLR to select one of a plurality of pre-defined zero peaking settings as a target zero peaking setting for said zero peaking. | An envelope tracking supply modulator includes an amplifier circuit and a zero peaking circuit. The amplifier circuit receives an envelope input, generates a modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input, and provides the modulated supply voltage to a power amplifier. The zero peaking circuit is coupled to the amplifier circuit, and applies zero peaking to the amplifier circuit, where the zero peaking inserts a zero at a frequency.1. An envelope tracking supply modulator comprising:
an amplifier circuit, arranged to receive an envelope input, generate a modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input, and provide the modulated supply voltage to a power amplifier; and a zero peaking circuit, coupled to the amplifier circuit and arranged to apply zero peaking to the amplifier circuit, where said zero peaking inserts a zero at a frequency. 2. The envelope tracking supply modulator of claim 1, wherein the zero peaking circuit is adjustable. 3. The envelope tracking supply modulator of claim 2, wherein the zero peaking circuit comprises:
a frequency adjustment circuit, arranged to adjust the frequency of the zero inserted by said zero peaking. 4. The envelope tracking supply modulator of claim 2, wherein the zero peaking circuit comprises:
a gain adjustment circuit, arranged to adjust a gain introduced by the zero inserted by said zero peaking. 5. A wireless communication system comprising:
a transmit (TX) circuit, arranged to receive a TX baseband signal, generate a radio-frequency (RF) signal according to the TX baseband signal, and output the RF signal via a power amplifier (PA); an envelope tracking circuit, arranged to derive an envelope input from the TX baseband signal, and generate a modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input, wherein the envelope tracking circuit comprises an envelope tracking supply modulator, and the envelope tracking supply modulator comprises:
an amplifier circuit, arranged to receive the envelope input, generate the modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input, and provide the modulated supply voltage to the PA; and
an adjustable zero peaking circuit, coupled to the amplifier circuit and arranged to apply zero peaking to the amplifier circuit, where said zero peaking inserts a zero at a frequency;
a receive (RX) circuit, arranged to receive an output of the PA, and derive an RX baseband signal from the output of the PA; and an envelope tracking calibration circuit, arranged to calibrate the adjustable zero peaking circuit by analyzing the RX baseband signal. 6. The wireless communication system of claim 5, wherein the adjustable zero peaking circuit comprises:
a frequency adjustment circuit, arranged to adjust the frequency of the zero inserted by said zero peaking, wherein the frequency adjustment circuit operates under control of the envelope tracking calibration circuit. 7. The wireless communication system of claim 5, wherein the adjustable zero peaking circuit comprises:
a gain adjustment circuit, arranged to adjust a gain introduced by the zero inserted by said zero peaking, wherein the gain adjustment circuit operates under control of the envelope tracking calibration circuit. 8. The wireless communication system of claim 5, wherein the envelope tracking calibration circuit is arranged to calculate an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) according to the RX baseband signal, and adaptively calibrate the adjustable zero peaking circuit according to the ACLR. 9. The wireless communication system of claim 8, wherein the adjustable zero peaking circuit is arranged to support a plurality of pre-defined zero peaking settings, and the envelope tracking calibration circuit refers to the ACLR to select one of the pre-defined zero peaking settings as a target zero peaking setting for the adjustable zero peaking circuit. 10. An envelope tracking calibration method comprising:
receiving a transmit (TX) baseband signal, generating a radio-frequency (RF) signal according to the TX baseband signal, and outputting the RF signal via a power amplifier (PA); deriving an envelope input from the TX baseband signal; generating, by an amplifier circuit, a modulated supply voltage according to the envelope input; providing the modulated supply voltage to the PA; applying zero peaking to the amplifier circuit, where said zero peaking inserts a zero at a frequency; receiving an output of the PA, and deriving a receive (RX) baseband signal from the output of the PA; and calibrating said zero peaking by analyzing the RX baseband signal. 11. The envelope tracking calibration method of claim 10, wherein calibrating said zero peaking comprises:
adjusting the frequency of the zero inserted by said zero peaking. 12. The envelope tracking calibration method of claim 10, wherein calibrating said zero peaking comprises:
adjusting a gain introduced by the zero inserted by said zero peaking. 13. The envelope tracking calibration method of claim 10, wherein calibrating said zero peaking by analyzing the RX baseband signal comprises:
calculating an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) according to the RX baseband signal; and adaptively calibrating said zero peaking according to the ACLR. 14. The envelope tracking calibration method of claim 13, wherein adaptively calibrating said zero peaking according to the ACLR comprises:
referring to the ACLR to select one of a plurality of pre-defined zero peaking settings as a target zero peaking setting for said zero peaking. | 3,600 |
349,396 | 350,270 | 16,853,830 | 3,655 | A road surface damage detection device includes: a front-rear acceleration acquisition unit configured to acquire a front-rear directional acceleration of a vehicle during travelling of the vehicle; a position information acquisition unit configured to acquire position information indicating a current position of the vehicle; a damage state acquisition unit configured to acquire road surface damage information which is related to a road surface on which the vehicle travels and in which road surface damage of the road surface detected based on a change state of the acceleration, and the position information corresponding to a position where the road surface damage is detected are associated with each other; and a transmission unit configured to transmit the acquired road surface damage information to an outside of the vehicle. | 1. A road surface damage detection device comprising:
a front-rear acceleration acquisition unit configured to acquire a front-rear directional acceleration of a vehicle during travelling of the vehicle; a position information acquisition unit configured to acquire position information indicating a current position of the vehicle; a damage state acquisition unit configured to acquire road surface damage information which is related to a road surface on which the vehicle travels and in which road surface damage of the road surface detected based on a change state of the acceleration, and the position information corresponding to a position where the road surface damage is detected are associated with each other; and a transmission unit configured to transmit the acquired road surface damage information to an outside of the vehicle. 2. The road surface damage detection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reception unit configured to receive the road surface damage information related to the road surface in a travelling direction of the vehicle. 3. The road surface damage detection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an image acquisition unit configured to acquire a captured image from an image capturing unit configured to capture an image of the road surface during travelling of the vehicle, wherein the transmission unit transmits the road surface damage information and the captured image corresponding to the position where the road surface damage is detected in association with each other. 4. The road surface damage detection device according to claim 1, wherein
the damage state acquisition unit includes:
a road surface damage detection unit configured to detect presence or absence of the road surface damage by analyzing the front-rear directional acceleration of the vehicle acquired by the front-rear acceleration acquisition unit; and
an occurrence rate calculation unit configured to calculate an occurrence rate of the road surface damage for a predetermined travelled range, wherein
the transmission unit transmits the occurrence rate together with the road surface damage information. 5. A road information providing system comprising:
an information collection unit configured to collect the road surface damage information transmitted from at least one road surface damage detection device according to claim 1; an information construction unit configured to construct a road surface state database indicating a road surface state based on the collected road surface damage information; and an information providing unit configured to select, from the road surface state database, the road surface damage information related to a road requested by a user, and provide the selected road surface damage information to the user. 6. A road information providing system comprising:
an information collection unit configured to collect information which is transmitted from a vehicle and in which a front-rear directional acceleration acquired during travelling of the vehicle on a road surface and position information indicating a position of the vehicle when the acceleration is acquired is associated with each other; a damage state acquisition unit configured to acquire road surface damage information in which road surface damage of the road surface detected based on a change state of the acceleration and the position information corresponding to a position where the road surface damage is detected is associated with each other; an information construction unit configured to construct a road surface state database indicating a road surface state based on the acquired road surface damage information; and an information providing unit configured to select, from the road surface state database, the road surface damage information related to a road requested by a user, and provide the selected road surface damage information to the user. 7. The road information providing system according to claim 6, wherein
the information collection unit further acquires a captured image from an image capturing unit configured to capture an image of the road surface during travelling of the vehicle, and the information providing unit provides the road surface damage information and the captured image corresponding to the position where the road surface damage is detected in association with each other. 8. The road information providing system according to claim 6, wherein
the damage state acquisition unit includes:
a road surface damage detection unit configured to detect presence or absence of the road surface damage by analyzing a front-rear directional acceleration of the vehicle acquired by the information collection unit; and
an occurrence rate calculation unit configured to calculate an occurrence rate of the road surface damage for a predetermined range on map data, wherein
the information providing unit provides the occurrence rate together with the road surface damage information. | A road surface damage detection device includes: a front-rear acceleration acquisition unit configured to acquire a front-rear directional acceleration of a vehicle during travelling of the vehicle; a position information acquisition unit configured to acquire position information indicating a current position of the vehicle; a damage state acquisition unit configured to acquire road surface damage information which is related to a road surface on which the vehicle travels and in which road surface damage of the road surface detected based on a change state of the acceleration, and the position information corresponding to a position where the road surface damage is detected are associated with each other; and a transmission unit configured to transmit the acquired road surface damage information to an outside of the vehicle.1. A road surface damage detection device comprising:
a front-rear acceleration acquisition unit configured to acquire a front-rear directional acceleration of a vehicle during travelling of the vehicle; a position information acquisition unit configured to acquire position information indicating a current position of the vehicle; a damage state acquisition unit configured to acquire road surface damage information which is related to a road surface on which the vehicle travels and in which road surface damage of the road surface detected based on a change state of the acceleration, and the position information corresponding to a position where the road surface damage is detected are associated with each other; and a transmission unit configured to transmit the acquired road surface damage information to an outside of the vehicle. 2. The road surface damage detection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reception unit configured to receive the road surface damage information related to the road surface in a travelling direction of the vehicle. 3. The road surface damage detection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an image acquisition unit configured to acquire a captured image from an image capturing unit configured to capture an image of the road surface during travelling of the vehicle, wherein the transmission unit transmits the road surface damage information and the captured image corresponding to the position where the road surface damage is detected in association with each other. 4. The road surface damage detection device according to claim 1, wherein
the damage state acquisition unit includes:
a road surface damage detection unit configured to detect presence or absence of the road surface damage by analyzing the front-rear directional acceleration of the vehicle acquired by the front-rear acceleration acquisition unit; and
an occurrence rate calculation unit configured to calculate an occurrence rate of the road surface damage for a predetermined travelled range, wherein
the transmission unit transmits the occurrence rate together with the road surface damage information. 5. A road information providing system comprising:
an information collection unit configured to collect the road surface damage information transmitted from at least one road surface damage detection device according to claim 1; an information construction unit configured to construct a road surface state database indicating a road surface state based on the collected road surface damage information; and an information providing unit configured to select, from the road surface state database, the road surface damage information related to a road requested by a user, and provide the selected road surface damage information to the user. 6. A road information providing system comprising:
an information collection unit configured to collect information which is transmitted from a vehicle and in which a front-rear directional acceleration acquired during travelling of the vehicle on a road surface and position information indicating a position of the vehicle when the acceleration is acquired is associated with each other; a damage state acquisition unit configured to acquire road surface damage information in which road surface damage of the road surface detected based on a change state of the acceleration and the position information corresponding to a position where the road surface damage is detected is associated with each other; an information construction unit configured to construct a road surface state database indicating a road surface state based on the acquired road surface damage information; and an information providing unit configured to select, from the road surface state database, the road surface damage information related to a road requested by a user, and provide the selected road surface damage information to the user. 7. The road information providing system according to claim 6, wherein
the information collection unit further acquires a captured image from an image capturing unit configured to capture an image of the road surface during travelling of the vehicle, and the information providing unit provides the road surface damage information and the captured image corresponding to the position where the road surface damage is detected in association with each other. 8. The road information providing system according to claim 6, wherein
the damage state acquisition unit includes:
a road surface damage detection unit configured to detect presence or absence of the road surface damage by analyzing a front-rear directional acceleration of the vehicle acquired by the information collection unit; and
an occurrence rate calculation unit configured to calculate an occurrence rate of the road surface damage for a predetermined range on map data, wherein
the information providing unit provides the occurrence rate together with the road surface damage information. | 3,600 |
349,397 | 350,271 | 16,853,857 | 3,655 | A resist pattern-forming method includes applying a radiation-sensitive composition directly or indirectly on a substrate to form a resist film. The resist film is exposed to an extreme ultraviolet ray or an electron beam. The resist film is developed after the exposing. The radiation-sensitive composition includes a first complex, a compound and a second complex. The first complex includes a metal atom and a first ligand coordinating to the metal atom. The compound gives a second ligand that differs from the first ligand. The second complex includes the metal atom and the second ligand coordinating to the metal atom. | 1. A resist pattern-forming method comprising:
applying a radiation-sensitive composition directly or indirectly on a substrate to form a resist film; exposing the resist film to an extreme ultraviolet ray or an electron beam; and developing the resist film after the exposing, wherein the radiation-sensitive composition comprises: a first complex comprising a metal atom and a first ligand coordinating to the metal atom; a compound that gives a second ligand that differs from the first ligand; and a second complex comprising the metal atom and the second ligand coordinating to the metal atom. 2. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein the radiation-sensitive composition further comprises a solvent. 3. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein the first ligand in the radiation-sensitive composition does not comprise a polymerizable group, and the second ligand comprises a polymerizable group. 4. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein a content of the compound in the radiation-sensitive composition is no less than 5 parts by mass and no greater than 700 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the first complex. 5. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 4, wherein the content of the compound in the radiation-sensitive composition is no less than 15 parts by mass and no greater than 600 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the first complex. 6. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein
the first ligand and the second ligand in the radiation-sensitive composition are each derived from an acid, and a pKa of the acid that gives the second ligand is less than a pKa of the acid that gives the first ligand. 7. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein, in the radiation-sensitive composition, a ratio of a number of moles of the second complex to a number of moles of the first complex is no less than 0.1 and no greater than 10. 8. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein the radiation-sensitive composition further comprises a radiation-sensitive acid generating agent. 9. A radiation-sensitive composition comprising:
a first complex comprising a metal atom and a first ligand coordinating to the metal atom; a compound that gives a second ligand that differs from the first ligand; and a second complex comprising the metal atom and the second ligand coordinating to the metal atom. 10. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, further comprising a solvent. 11. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, wherein the first ligand does not comprise a polymerizable group, and the second ligand comprises a polymerizable group. 12. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, wherein a content of the compound is no less than 5 parts by mass and no greater than 700 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the first complex. 13. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 12, wherein the content of the compound is no less than 15 parts by mass and no greater than 600 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the first complex. 14. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, wherein
the first ligand and the second ligand are each derived from an acid, and a pKa of the acid that gives the second ligand is less than a pKa of the acid that gives the first ligand. 15. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, wherein a ratio of a number of moles of the second complex to a number of moles of the first complex is no less than 0.1 and no greater than 10. 16. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, further comprising a radiation-sensitive acid generating agent. 17. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9 which is suitable for an exposure to an extreme ultraviolet ray or for an exposure to an electron beam. 18. A production method of a radiation-sensitive composition comprising mixing: a first complex comprising a metal atom and a first ligand coordinating to the metal atom; and a
compound that gives a second ligand that differs from the first ligand. | A resist pattern-forming method includes applying a radiation-sensitive composition directly or indirectly on a substrate to form a resist film. The resist film is exposed to an extreme ultraviolet ray or an electron beam. The resist film is developed after the exposing. The radiation-sensitive composition includes a first complex, a compound and a second complex. The first complex includes a metal atom and a first ligand coordinating to the metal atom. The compound gives a second ligand that differs from the first ligand. The second complex includes the metal atom and the second ligand coordinating to the metal atom.1. A resist pattern-forming method comprising:
applying a radiation-sensitive composition directly or indirectly on a substrate to form a resist film; exposing the resist film to an extreme ultraviolet ray or an electron beam; and developing the resist film after the exposing, wherein the radiation-sensitive composition comprises: a first complex comprising a metal atom and a first ligand coordinating to the metal atom; a compound that gives a second ligand that differs from the first ligand; and a second complex comprising the metal atom and the second ligand coordinating to the metal atom. 2. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein the radiation-sensitive composition further comprises a solvent. 3. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein the first ligand in the radiation-sensitive composition does not comprise a polymerizable group, and the second ligand comprises a polymerizable group. 4. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein a content of the compound in the radiation-sensitive composition is no less than 5 parts by mass and no greater than 700 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the first complex. 5. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 4, wherein the content of the compound in the radiation-sensitive composition is no less than 15 parts by mass and no greater than 600 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the first complex. 6. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein
the first ligand and the second ligand in the radiation-sensitive composition are each derived from an acid, and a pKa of the acid that gives the second ligand is less than a pKa of the acid that gives the first ligand. 7. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein, in the radiation-sensitive composition, a ratio of a number of moles of the second complex to a number of moles of the first complex is no less than 0.1 and no greater than 10. 8. The resist pattern-forming method according to claim 1, wherein the radiation-sensitive composition further comprises a radiation-sensitive acid generating agent. 9. A radiation-sensitive composition comprising:
a first complex comprising a metal atom and a first ligand coordinating to the metal atom; a compound that gives a second ligand that differs from the first ligand; and a second complex comprising the metal atom and the second ligand coordinating to the metal atom. 10. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, further comprising a solvent. 11. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, wherein the first ligand does not comprise a polymerizable group, and the second ligand comprises a polymerizable group. 12. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, wherein a content of the compound is no less than 5 parts by mass and no greater than 700 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the first complex. 13. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 12, wherein the content of the compound is no less than 15 parts by mass and no greater than 600 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the first complex. 14. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, wherein
the first ligand and the second ligand are each derived from an acid, and a pKa of the acid that gives the second ligand is less than a pKa of the acid that gives the first ligand. 15. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, wherein a ratio of a number of moles of the second complex to a number of moles of the first complex is no less than 0.1 and no greater than 10. 16. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9, further comprising a radiation-sensitive acid generating agent. 17. The radiation-sensitive composition according to claim 9 which is suitable for an exposure to an extreme ultraviolet ray or for an exposure to an electron beam. 18. A production method of a radiation-sensitive composition comprising mixing: a first complex comprising a metal atom and a first ligand coordinating to the metal atom; and a
compound that gives a second ligand that differs from the first ligand. | 3,600 |
349,398 | 350,272 | 16,853,810 | 3,655 | An ink composition contains pigment particles, inorganic oxide particles, and a lactam solvent. The content of the inorganic oxide particles is 5.0% to 10.0% relative to the total mass of the ink composition. The ink composition satisfies the following relationship: | 1. An aqueous ink jet ink composition comprising:
pigment particles; 5.0% to 10.0% of inorganic oxide particles relative to the total mass of the ink composition; and a lactam solvent, wherein the ink composition satisfies the following relationship:
D50 of the pigment particles×0.1≤D50 of the inorganic oxide particles≤D50 of the pigment particles×1.5,
wherein D50 represents the volume median diameter of the corresponding particles. 2. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein
the D50 of the inorganic oxide particles is 11 nm to 100 nm. 3. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein
the inorganic oxide particles are silica particles. 4. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein
the lactam solvent is 2-pyrrolidone or ε-caprolactam. 5. An ink jet printing method comprising:
an ink application step of applying the ink composition as set forth in claim 1 onto a printing medium by ejecting the ink composition from an ink jet head. 6. The ink jet printing method according to claim 5, wherein
the ink composition is applied at an amount of 3.6 mg/inch2 or more in the ink application step. | An ink composition contains pigment particles, inorganic oxide particles, and a lactam solvent. The content of the inorganic oxide particles is 5.0% to 10.0% relative to the total mass of the ink composition. The ink composition satisfies the following relationship:1. An aqueous ink jet ink composition comprising:
pigment particles; 5.0% to 10.0% of inorganic oxide particles relative to the total mass of the ink composition; and a lactam solvent, wherein the ink composition satisfies the following relationship:
D50 of the pigment particles×0.1≤D50 of the inorganic oxide particles≤D50 of the pigment particles×1.5,
wherein D50 represents the volume median diameter of the corresponding particles. 2. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein
the D50 of the inorganic oxide particles is 11 nm to 100 nm. 3. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein
the inorganic oxide particles are silica particles. 4. The ink composition according to claim 1, wherein
the lactam solvent is 2-pyrrolidone or ε-caprolactam. 5. An ink jet printing method comprising:
an ink application step of applying the ink composition as set forth in claim 1 onto a printing medium by ejecting the ink composition from an ink jet head. 6. The ink jet printing method according to claim 5, wherein
the ink composition is applied at an amount of 3.6 mg/inch2 or more in the ink application step. | 3,600 |
349,399 | 350,273 | 16,853,834 | 3,655 | Configuration parameters, of channel state information (CSI) resources for a first transmission reception point (TRP) and a second TRP of a cell, are received. One or more media access control control elements (MAC CEs) are received. The MAC CEs indicate a first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP. The MAC CEs indicate a second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP. First reference signal received power (RSRP) values, for the first semi persistent CSI report, are determined based on the plurality of CSI resources. Second RSRP values, for the second semi persistent CSI report, are determined based on the CSI resources. A codeword, comprising the first RSRP values and the second RSRP values, is created. The codeword is transmitted, based on the first semi persistent CSI report and the second semi persistent CSI report, via a physical uplink control channel resource. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a wireless device from a base station, configuration parameters of a plurality of channel state information (CSI) resources for a first transmission reception point (TRP) and a second TRP of a cell; receiving one or more media access control control elements indicating:
a first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and
a second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP;
determining, based on the plurality of CSI resources:
first reference signal received power (RSRP) values for the first semi persistent CSI report; and
second RSRP values for the second semi persistent CSI report;
creating a codeword comprising the first RSRP values and the second RSRP values; and transmitting, based on the first semi persistent CSI report and the second semi persistent CSI report, the codeword via a physical uplink control channel resource. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of CSI resources comprises:
multiple periodic CSI reference signals; or multiple semi persistent CSI reference signals. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving a first media access control control element activating the multiple semi persistent CSI reference signals. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving a second media access control control element activating a semi persistent CSI reporting via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the transmitting the codeword via the PUCCH resource comprises transmitting the codeword via the PUCCH with the PUCCH resource. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving one or more downlink control information indicating:
the first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and the second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the transmitting the codeword comprises transmitting the codeword via a physical uplink shared channel. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining is further based on measurements of the plurality of CSI resources. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the measurements of the plurality of CSI resources comprises measurements of:
periodic reference signals of the plurality of CSI resources; or semi persistent reference signals of the plurality of CSI resources. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising separately transmitting:
first RSRP values of a first aperiodic CSI report for the first TRP; and second RSRP values of a second aperiodic CSI report for the second TRP. 11. A wireless device comprising:
one or more processors; memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
receive, from a base station, configuration parameters of a plurality of channel state information (CSI) resources for a first transmission reception point (TRP) and a second TRP of a cell;
receive one or more media access control control elements indicating:
a first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and
a second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP;
determine, based on the plurality of CSI resources:
first reference signal received power (RSRP) values for the first semi persistent CSI report; and
second RSRP values for the second semi persistent CSI report;
create a codeword comprising:
the first RSRP values; and
the second RSRP values; and
transmit, based on the first semi persistent CSI report and the second semi persistent CSI report, the codeword via a physical uplink control channel resource. 12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of CSI resources comprises:
multiple periodic CSI reference signals; or multiple semi persistent CSI reference signals. 13. The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to receive a first media access control control element activating the multiple semi persistent CSI reference signals. 14. The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to receive a second media access control control element activating a semi persistent CSI reporting via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). 15. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to transmit the codeword via the PUCCH with the PUCCH resource. 16. The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to receive one or more downlink control information indicating:
the first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and the second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP. 17. The wireless device of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to transmit the codeword via a physical uplink shared channel. 18. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to determine, based on measurements of the plurality of CSI resources:
the first RSRP values for the first semi persistent CSI report; and the second RSRP values for the second semi persistent CSI report. 19. The wireless device of claim 18, wherein the measurements of the plurality of CSI resources comprises measurements of:
periodic reference signals of the plurality of CSI resources; or semi persistent reference signals of the plurality of CSI resources. 20. A system comprising:
a base station comprising:
one or more second processors;
memory storing second instructions that, when executed by the one or more second processors, cause the base station to:
transmit configuration parameters of a plurality of channel state information (CSI) resources for:
a first transmission reception point (TRP); and
a second TRP of a cell;
transmit one or more media access control control elements indicating:
a first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and
a second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP; and
a wireless device comprising:
one or more processors;
memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
receive the configuration parameters;
receive the one or more media access control control elements;
determine, based on the plurality of CSI resources:
first reference signal received power (RSRP) values for the first semi persistent CSI report; and
second RSRP values for the second semi persistent CSI report; and
create a codeword comprising:
the first RSRP values; and
the second RSRP values; and
transmit, based on the first semi persistent CSI report and the second semi persistent CSI report, the codeword via a physical uplink control channel resource. | Configuration parameters, of channel state information (CSI) resources for a first transmission reception point (TRP) and a second TRP of a cell, are received. One or more media access control control elements (MAC CEs) are received. The MAC CEs indicate a first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP. The MAC CEs indicate a second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP. First reference signal received power (RSRP) values, for the first semi persistent CSI report, are determined based on the plurality of CSI resources. Second RSRP values, for the second semi persistent CSI report, are determined based on the CSI resources. A codeword, comprising the first RSRP values and the second RSRP values, is created. The codeword is transmitted, based on the first semi persistent CSI report and the second semi persistent CSI report, via a physical uplink control channel resource.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a wireless device from a base station, configuration parameters of a plurality of channel state information (CSI) resources for a first transmission reception point (TRP) and a second TRP of a cell; receiving one or more media access control control elements indicating:
a first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and
a second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP;
determining, based on the plurality of CSI resources:
first reference signal received power (RSRP) values for the first semi persistent CSI report; and
second RSRP values for the second semi persistent CSI report;
creating a codeword comprising the first RSRP values and the second RSRP values; and transmitting, based on the first semi persistent CSI report and the second semi persistent CSI report, the codeword via a physical uplink control channel resource. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of CSI resources comprises:
multiple periodic CSI reference signals; or multiple semi persistent CSI reference signals. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving a first media access control control element activating the multiple semi persistent CSI reference signals. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving a second media access control control element activating a semi persistent CSI reporting via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the transmitting the codeword via the PUCCH resource comprises transmitting the codeword via the PUCCH with the PUCCH resource. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving one or more downlink control information indicating:
the first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and the second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the transmitting the codeword comprises transmitting the codeword via a physical uplink shared channel. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining is further based on measurements of the plurality of CSI resources. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the measurements of the plurality of CSI resources comprises measurements of:
periodic reference signals of the plurality of CSI resources; or semi persistent reference signals of the plurality of CSI resources. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising separately transmitting:
first RSRP values of a first aperiodic CSI report for the first TRP; and second RSRP values of a second aperiodic CSI report for the second TRP. 11. A wireless device comprising:
one or more processors; memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
receive, from a base station, configuration parameters of a plurality of channel state information (CSI) resources for a first transmission reception point (TRP) and a second TRP of a cell;
receive one or more media access control control elements indicating:
a first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and
a second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP;
determine, based on the plurality of CSI resources:
first reference signal received power (RSRP) values for the first semi persistent CSI report; and
second RSRP values for the second semi persistent CSI report;
create a codeword comprising:
the first RSRP values; and
the second RSRP values; and
transmit, based on the first semi persistent CSI report and the second semi persistent CSI report, the codeword via a physical uplink control channel resource. 12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the plurality of CSI resources comprises:
multiple periodic CSI reference signals; or multiple semi persistent CSI reference signals. 13. The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to receive a first media access control control element activating the multiple semi persistent CSI reference signals. 14. The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to receive a second media access control control element activating a semi persistent CSI reporting via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). 15. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to transmit the codeword via the PUCCH with the PUCCH resource. 16. The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to receive one or more downlink control information indicating:
the first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and the second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP. 17. The wireless device of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to transmit the codeword via a physical uplink shared channel. 18. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to determine, based on measurements of the plurality of CSI resources:
the first RSRP values for the first semi persistent CSI report; and the second RSRP values for the second semi persistent CSI report. 19. The wireless device of claim 18, wherein the measurements of the plurality of CSI resources comprises measurements of:
periodic reference signals of the plurality of CSI resources; or semi persistent reference signals of the plurality of CSI resources. 20. A system comprising:
a base station comprising:
one or more second processors;
memory storing second instructions that, when executed by the one or more second processors, cause the base station to:
transmit configuration parameters of a plurality of channel state information (CSI) resources for:
a first transmission reception point (TRP); and
a second TRP of a cell;
transmit one or more media access control control elements indicating:
a first semi persistent CSI report for the first TRP; and
a second semi persistent CSI report for the second TRP; and
a wireless device comprising:
one or more processors;
memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
receive the configuration parameters;
receive the one or more media access control control elements;
determine, based on the plurality of CSI resources:
first reference signal received power (RSRP) values for the first semi persistent CSI report; and
second RSRP values for the second semi persistent CSI report; and
create a codeword comprising:
the first RSRP values; and
the second RSRP values; and
transmit, based on the first semi persistent CSI report and the second semi persistent CSI report, the codeword via a physical uplink control channel resource. | 3,600 |
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