Unnamed: 0 int64 0 350k | level_0 int64 0 351k | ApplicationNumber int64 9.75M 96.1M | ArtUnit int64 1.6k 3.99k | Abstract stringlengths 1 8.37k | Claims stringlengths 3 292k | abstract-claims stringlengths 68 293k | TechCenter int64 1.6k 3.9k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
349,500 | 350,374 | 16,854,004 | 1,761 | The present invention provides a biodegradable formulation and its use as a surfaces restoring agent, said formulation allows a substantial savings when restoring the existing paint on different surfaces, since it mainly cleans and restores the surface or paint contaminated by the environment, damaged due to the sun and the processes of the different industries, in addition to being friendly to the environment, making it a useful technology in any industrial branch that involves cleaning and restoring large areas. It is worth noting that the modifications to the original formula were made to optimize the results in the different applications and improve its biodegradability. | 1. A biodegradable formulation comprising:
hydrochloric acid from 5 to 22.5%, phosphoric acid from 10 to 40%, ammonium bifluoride from 1.2 to 12%, butyl cellosolve from 1 to 12%, NF 1000 from 0.5 to 13%, ethoxylated lauric alcohol 10M from 1 to 12%, xanthan gum from 1 to 12% and at least 20% water. 2. The biodegradable formulation, according to claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises 14% hydrochloric acid, 18% phosphoric acid, 3% ammonium bifluoride, 4.5% butyl cellosolve, 3.5% NF 1000, 2% alcohol 10M ethoxylated lauric, 0.5% xanthan gum and at least 20% water. 3. The biodegradable formulation, according to claim 1, optionally including at least one colorant. 4. The biodegradable formulation, according to claim 3, wherein the colorant is present in 0.001 g/l. 5. A method for restoring a surface by using the biodegradable formulation according to claim 1. | The present invention provides a biodegradable formulation and its use as a surfaces restoring agent, said formulation allows a substantial savings when restoring the existing paint on different surfaces, since it mainly cleans and restores the surface or paint contaminated by the environment, damaged due to the sun and the processes of the different industries, in addition to being friendly to the environment, making it a useful technology in any industrial branch that involves cleaning and restoring large areas. It is worth noting that the modifications to the original formula were made to optimize the results in the different applications and improve its biodegradability.1. A biodegradable formulation comprising:
hydrochloric acid from 5 to 22.5%, phosphoric acid from 10 to 40%, ammonium bifluoride from 1.2 to 12%, butyl cellosolve from 1 to 12%, NF 1000 from 0.5 to 13%, ethoxylated lauric alcohol 10M from 1 to 12%, xanthan gum from 1 to 12% and at least 20% water. 2. The biodegradable formulation, according to claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises 14% hydrochloric acid, 18% phosphoric acid, 3% ammonium bifluoride, 4.5% butyl cellosolve, 3.5% NF 1000, 2% alcohol 10M ethoxylated lauric, 0.5% xanthan gum and at least 20% water. 3. The biodegradable formulation, according to claim 1, optionally including at least one colorant. 4. The biodegradable formulation, according to claim 3, wherein the colorant is present in 0.001 g/l. 5. A method for restoring a surface by using the biodegradable formulation according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
349,501 | 350,375 | 16,853,989 | 1,761 | The present disclosure relates to computer-implemented methods, software, and systems for performing operations in relation to an image based on an interaction with a user interface element at a user interface displayed on a display device. The image in connection with a label element is provided at a first interface of a user interface application. A first user interaction is received in relation to the label element. In response to determining that the first user is authorized to perform an operation associated with the label element, a second user interface of the user interface application is provided. The operation is defined as authorized for the first user at a back-end logic implemented for the user interface application. A second user interaction with the second user interface is received. The second user interface provides the image in a first operational mode for performing the authorized operation. | 1. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
providing, at a first interface of a user interface application displayed on a display device, an image in connection with a label element; receiving, at the first user interface, a first user interaction in relation to the label element, wherein the first user interaction is a selection performed at a location within an activation screen area at the first interface that is associated with the label element, wherein the first user interaction is performed by a first user; in response to determining that the first user is authorized to perform an operation associated with the label element, providing a second user interface of the user interface application for performing the authorized operation, wherein the operation is defined as authorized for the first user to be performed over the image at a back-end logic implemented for the user interface application; and receiving a second user interaction with the second user interface in relation to the image, wherein the second user interface provides the image in a first operational mode corresponding to the authorized operation, wherein the second user interaction is defined as available for the first user and in relation to the image in the first operational mode, wherein the second user interaction is for performing the operation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the label element is presented at the first interface as partially overlapping the image. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the activation screen area for the label element includes a screen area, including the image and the label element. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the label element is defined as associated with a plurality of operations at the back-end logic corresponding to different authorization rights defined for a plurality of user of the user interface application. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring the label element at the user interface application to be coupled with one or more operations set up at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application, wherein the label element is configured to include an image icon corresponding to a default of the one or more operations. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the received second user interaction, executing an operation on the image to change the image and storing a changed image at the back-end logic of the user interface application. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the label element as presented at the first interface prior receiving the first user interaction includes a first image icon, and wherein the method further comprises:
in response to invoking the first interface of the user interface application by the first user after executing the second user interaction, presenting the changed image and the label element including a second image icon, wherein the label element is in active mode to receive user interactions, and wherein the second image icon is associated with a different operation defined at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium coupled to one or more processors and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising:
providing, at a first interface of a user interface application displayed on a display device, an image in connection with a label element; receiving, at the first user interface, a first user interaction in relation to the label element, wherein the first user interaction is a selection performed at a location within an activation screen area at the first interface that is associated with the label element, wherein the first user interaction is performed by a first user; in response to determining that the first user is authorized to perform an operation associated with the label element, providing a second user interface of the user interface application for performing the authorized operation, wherein the operation is defined as authorized for the first user to be performed over the image at a back-end logic implemented for the user interface application; and receiving a second user interaction with the second user interface in relation to the image, wherein the second user interface provides the image in a first operational mode corresponding to the authorized operation, wherein the second user interaction is defined as available for the first user and in relation to the image in the first operational mode, wherein the second user interaction is for performing the operation. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the label element is presented at the first interface as partially overlapping the image, wherein the activation screen area for the label element includes a screen area, including the image and the label element. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the label element is defined as associated with a plurality of operations at the back-end logic corresponding to different authorization rights defined for a plurality of user of the user interface application. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
configuring the label element at the user interface application to be coupled with one or more operations set up at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application, wherein the label element is configured to include an image icon corresponding to a default of the one or more operations. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
based on the received second user interaction, executing an operation on the image to change the image and storing a changed image at the back-end logic of the user interface application. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the label element as presented at the first interface prior receiving the first user interaction includes a first image icon, and wherein the computer-readable medium further comprises instructions, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
in response to invoking the first interface of the user interface application by the first user after executing the second user interaction, presenting the changed image and the label element including a second image icon, wherein the label element is in active mode to receive user interactions, and wherein the second image icon is associated with a different operation defined at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application. 14. A system comprising
a computing device; and a computer-readable storage device coupled to the computing device and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations, the operations comprising:
providing, at a first interface of a user interface application displayed on a display device, an image in connection with a label element;
receiving, at the first user interface, a first user interaction in relation to the label element, wherein the first user interaction is a selection performed at a location within an activation screen area at the first interface that is associated with the label element, wherein the first user interaction is performed by a first user;
in response to determining that the first user is authorized to perform an operation associated with the label element, providing a second user interface of the user interface application for performing the authorized operation, wherein the operation is defined as authorized for the first user to be performed over the image at a back-end logic implemented for the user interface application; and
receiving a second user interaction with the second user interface in relation to the image, wherein the second user interface provides the image in a first operational mode corresponding to the authorized operation, wherein the second user interaction is defined as available for the first user and in relation to the image in the first operational mode, wherein the second user interaction is for performing the operation. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the label element is presented at the first interface as partially overlapping the image. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the activation screen area for the label element includes a screen area, including the image and the label element. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the label element is defined as associated with a plurality of operations at the back-end logic corresponding to different authorization rights defined for a plurality of user of the user interface application. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-readable storage device further comprises instructions, which when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
configuring the label element at the user interface application to be coupled with one or more operations set up at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application, wherein the label element is configured to include an image icon corresponding to a default of the one or more operations. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-readable storage device further comprises instructions, which when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
based on the received second user interaction, executing an operation on the image to change the image and storing a changed image at the back-end logic of the user interface application. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the label element as presented at the first interface prior receiving the first user interaction includes a first image icon, and wherein the computer-readable storage device further comprises instructions, which when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
in response to invoking the first interface of the user interface application by the first user after executing the second user interaction, presenting the changed image and the label element including a second image icon, wherein the label element is in active mode to receive user interactions, and wherein the second image icon is associated with a different operation defined at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application. | The present disclosure relates to computer-implemented methods, software, and systems for performing operations in relation to an image based on an interaction with a user interface element at a user interface displayed on a display device. The image in connection with a label element is provided at a first interface of a user interface application. A first user interaction is received in relation to the label element. In response to determining that the first user is authorized to perform an operation associated with the label element, a second user interface of the user interface application is provided. The operation is defined as authorized for the first user at a back-end logic implemented for the user interface application. A second user interaction with the second user interface is received. The second user interface provides the image in a first operational mode for performing the authorized operation.1. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
providing, at a first interface of a user interface application displayed on a display device, an image in connection with a label element; receiving, at the first user interface, a first user interaction in relation to the label element, wherein the first user interaction is a selection performed at a location within an activation screen area at the first interface that is associated with the label element, wherein the first user interaction is performed by a first user; in response to determining that the first user is authorized to perform an operation associated with the label element, providing a second user interface of the user interface application for performing the authorized operation, wherein the operation is defined as authorized for the first user to be performed over the image at a back-end logic implemented for the user interface application; and receiving a second user interaction with the second user interface in relation to the image, wherein the second user interface provides the image in a first operational mode corresponding to the authorized operation, wherein the second user interaction is defined as available for the first user and in relation to the image in the first operational mode, wherein the second user interaction is for performing the operation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the label element is presented at the first interface as partially overlapping the image. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the activation screen area for the label element includes a screen area, including the image and the label element. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the label element is defined as associated with a plurality of operations at the back-end logic corresponding to different authorization rights defined for a plurality of user of the user interface application. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring the label element at the user interface application to be coupled with one or more operations set up at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application, wherein the label element is configured to include an image icon corresponding to a default of the one or more operations. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the received second user interaction, executing an operation on the image to change the image and storing a changed image at the back-end logic of the user interface application. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the label element as presented at the first interface prior receiving the first user interaction includes a first image icon, and wherein the method further comprises:
in response to invoking the first interface of the user interface application by the first user after executing the second user interaction, presenting the changed image and the label element including a second image icon, wherein the label element is in active mode to receive user interactions, and wherein the second image icon is associated with a different operation defined at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium coupled to one or more processors and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising:
providing, at a first interface of a user interface application displayed on a display device, an image in connection with a label element; receiving, at the first user interface, a first user interaction in relation to the label element, wherein the first user interaction is a selection performed at a location within an activation screen area at the first interface that is associated with the label element, wherein the first user interaction is performed by a first user; in response to determining that the first user is authorized to perform an operation associated with the label element, providing a second user interface of the user interface application for performing the authorized operation, wherein the operation is defined as authorized for the first user to be performed over the image at a back-end logic implemented for the user interface application; and receiving a second user interaction with the second user interface in relation to the image, wherein the second user interface provides the image in a first operational mode corresponding to the authorized operation, wherein the second user interaction is defined as available for the first user and in relation to the image in the first operational mode, wherein the second user interaction is for performing the operation. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the label element is presented at the first interface as partially overlapping the image, wherein the activation screen area for the label element includes a screen area, including the image and the label element. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the label element is defined as associated with a plurality of operations at the back-end logic corresponding to different authorization rights defined for a plurality of user of the user interface application. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
configuring the label element at the user interface application to be coupled with one or more operations set up at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application, wherein the label element is configured to include an image icon corresponding to a default of the one or more operations. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising instructions, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
based on the received second user interaction, executing an operation on the image to change the image and storing a changed image at the back-end logic of the user interface application. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the label element as presented at the first interface prior receiving the first user interaction includes a first image icon, and wherein the computer-readable medium further comprises instructions, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processor to perform operations comprising:
in response to invoking the first interface of the user interface application by the first user after executing the second user interaction, presenting the changed image and the label element including a second image icon, wherein the label element is in active mode to receive user interactions, and wherein the second image icon is associated with a different operation defined at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application. 14. A system comprising
a computing device; and a computer-readable storage device coupled to the computing device and having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations, the operations comprising:
providing, at a first interface of a user interface application displayed on a display device, an image in connection with a label element;
receiving, at the first user interface, a first user interaction in relation to the label element, wherein the first user interaction is a selection performed at a location within an activation screen area at the first interface that is associated with the label element, wherein the first user interaction is performed by a first user;
in response to determining that the first user is authorized to perform an operation associated with the label element, providing a second user interface of the user interface application for performing the authorized operation, wherein the operation is defined as authorized for the first user to be performed over the image at a back-end logic implemented for the user interface application; and
receiving a second user interaction with the second user interface in relation to the image, wherein the second user interface provides the image in a first operational mode corresponding to the authorized operation, wherein the second user interaction is defined as available for the first user and in relation to the image in the first operational mode, wherein the second user interaction is for performing the operation. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the label element is presented at the first interface as partially overlapping the image. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the activation screen area for the label element includes a screen area, including the image and the label element. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the label element is defined as associated with a plurality of operations at the back-end logic corresponding to different authorization rights defined for a plurality of user of the user interface application. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-readable storage device further comprises instructions, which when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
configuring the label element at the user interface application to be coupled with one or more operations set up at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application, wherein the label element is configured to include an image icon corresponding to a default of the one or more operations. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the computer-readable storage device further comprises instructions, which when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
based on the received second user interaction, executing an operation on the image to change the image and storing a changed image at the back-end logic of the user interface application. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the label element as presented at the first interface prior receiving the first user interaction includes a first image icon, and wherein the computer-readable storage device further comprises instructions, which when executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
in response to invoking the first interface of the user interface application by the first user after executing the second user interaction, presenting the changed image and the label element including a second image icon, wherein the label element is in active mode to receive user interactions, and wherein the second image icon is associated with a different operation defined at the back-end logic implemented for the user interface application. | 1,700 |
349,502 | 350,376 | 16,853,993 | 1,761 | The subject matter of the invention is a filter element (13) for insertion into a vacuum cleaner, with an upper side (14), a lower side (15) which lies opposite the upper side (14), a filter body (19) which extends from the upper side (14) to the lower side (15) and which forms a wall (26) of a clean air space which is situated between the upper side and the lower side, and with a conveying opening (17) which is arranged on the upper side (14), opens into the clean air space, and through which an air flow which is driven by way of the vacuum cleaner can be conveyed. According to the invention, a deflecting surface (20) which extends in the direction of the lower side (15) is arranged in the clean air space below the conveying opening (17), which deflecting surface (20) is configured to deflect an air flow which is introduced through the conveying opening (17) in the direction of the wall (26) of the clean air space. The filter element (13) according to the invention can be relieved of filter cakes in a simple and effective way. | 1. A filter element for insertion into a vacuum cleaner, comprising:
an upper side; a lower side which lies opposite the upper side; a filter body which extends from the upper side to the lower side and which forms a wall of a clean air space which is situated between the upper side and the lower side; a conveying opening which is arranged on the upper side, opens into the clean air space, and through which an air flow which is driven by way of the vacuum cleaner can be conveyed; and a deflecting surface extending in the direction of the lower side is arranged in the clean air space below the conveying opening, the deflecting surface being configured to deflect an air flow which is introduced through the conveying opening in the direction of the wall of the clean air space. 2. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface extends substantially from the upper side as far as substantially the lower side. 3. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface forms a lower boundary of the clean air space. 4. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface reduces the size of the clean air space by more than 15%, preferably more than 25%, further preferably by more than 35%. 5. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface is at a spacing from the wall of the clean air space, which spacing is greater in the region of an upper section of the deflecting surface than in the region of a lower section of the deflecting surface. 6. The filter element as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spacing of the deflecting surface from the wall of the clean air space decreases preferably continuously from the upper side as far as the lower side. 7. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface encloses an angle with a vertical axis of the filter element, which angle lies between 20° and 70°, preferably between 30° and 60°, further preferably between 40° and 50°. 8. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface is configured to divide the clean air space into a plurality of subspaces and preferably into two subspaces which are separated from one another, the subspaces further preferably being separated from one another in a fluid-tight manner. 9. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wall of the clean air space is of substantially cylindrical configuration. 10. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, and further comprising a supporting frame for holding the filter body, with the deflecting surface being connected to the supporting frame. 11. The filter element as claimed in claim 10, wherein the supporting frame has a top element which forms the upper side and in which the conveying opening is arranged, and a bottom element which forms the lower side, the top element and the bottom element preferably being connected to one another by way of a wall element. 12. The filter element as claimed in claim 11, wherein the deflecting surface is connected at its upper end to the top element. 13. The filter element as claimed in claim 11, in the case of which the deflecting surface is connected at its lower end to the wall element or to the bottom element. 14. A vacuum cleaner, into which a filter element as claimed in claim 1 is inserted. 15. The vacuum cleaner as claimed in claim 14, wherein the deflecting surface is configured to divide the clean air space into a plurality of subspaces which are separated from one another in a substantially fluid-tight manner, the vacuum cleaner having at least two conveying ducts which can be switched independently of one another into suction operation or into flushing operation, the first conveying duct being connected to a first one of the subspaces, and the second conveying duct being connected to another one of the subspaces. | The subject matter of the invention is a filter element (13) for insertion into a vacuum cleaner, with an upper side (14), a lower side (15) which lies opposite the upper side (14), a filter body (19) which extends from the upper side (14) to the lower side (15) and which forms a wall (26) of a clean air space which is situated between the upper side and the lower side, and with a conveying opening (17) which is arranged on the upper side (14), opens into the clean air space, and through which an air flow which is driven by way of the vacuum cleaner can be conveyed. According to the invention, a deflecting surface (20) which extends in the direction of the lower side (15) is arranged in the clean air space below the conveying opening (17), which deflecting surface (20) is configured to deflect an air flow which is introduced through the conveying opening (17) in the direction of the wall (26) of the clean air space. The filter element (13) according to the invention can be relieved of filter cakes in a simple and effective way.1. A filter element for insertion into a vacuum cleaner, comprising:
an upper side; a lower side which lies opposite the upper side; a filter body which extends from the upper side to the lower side and which forms a wall of a clean air space which is situated between the upper side and the lower side; a conveying opening which is arranged on the upper side, opens into the clean air space, and through which an air flow which is driven by way of the vacuum cleaner can be conveyed; and a deflecting surface extending in the direction of the lower side is arranged in the clean air space below the conveying opening, the deflecting surface being configured to deflect an air flow which is introduced through the conveying opening in the direction of the wall of the clean air space. 2. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface extends substantially from the upper side as far as substantially the lower side. 3. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface forms a lower boundary of the clean air space. 4. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface reduces the size of the clean air space by more than 15%, preferably more than 25%, further preferably by more than 35%. 5. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface is at a spacing from the wall of the clean air space, which spacing is greater in the region of an upper section of the deflecting surface than in the region of a lower section of the deflecting surface. 6. The filter element as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spacing of the deflecting surface from the wall of the clean air space decreases preferably continuously from the upper side as far as the lower side. 7. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface encloses an angle with a vertical axis of the filter element, which angle lies between 20° and 70°, preferably between 30° and 60°, further preferably between 40° and 50°. 8. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflecting surface is configured to divide the clean air space into a plurality of subspaces and preferably into two subspaces which are separated from one another, the subspaces further preferably being separated from one another in a fluid-tight manner. 9. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wall of the clean air space is of substantially cylindrical configuration. 10. The filter element as claimed in claim 1, and further comprising a supporting frame for holding the filter body, with the deflecting surface being connected to the supporting frame. 11. The filter element as claimed in claim 10, wherein the supporting frame has a top element which forms the upper side and in which the conveying opening is arranged, and a bottom element which forms the lower side, the top element and the bottom element preferably being connected to one another by way of a wall element. 12. The filter element as claimed in claim 11, wherein the deflecting surface is connected at its upper end to the top element. 13. The filter element as claimed in claim 11, in the case of which the deflecting surface is connected at its lower end to the wall element or to the bottom element. 14. A vacuum cleaner, into which a filter element as claimed in claim 1 is inserted. 15. The vacuum cleaner as claimed in claim 14, wherein the deflecting surface is configured to divide the clean air space into a plurality of subspaces which are separated from one another in a substantially fluid-tight manner, the vacuum cleaner having at least two conveying ducts which can be switched independently of one another into suction operation or into flushing operation, the first conveying duct being connected to a first one of the subspaces, and the second conveying duct being connected to another one of the subspaces. | 1,700 |
349,503 | 350,377 | 16,853,977 | 1,761 | An electronic apparatus is disclosed. The electronic apparatus includes: a microphone, an IC chip configured to, based on a level of a user voice received through the microphone being equal to or greater than a threshold value set as a first level, identify whether the user voice includes a wake-up-word (WUW), and a processor configured to, based on the WUW being included in the user voice, transmit a signal corresponding to the user voice to an external electronic apparatus, and based on the transmitting of the signal corresponding to the user voice being completed, set the threshold value as a second level lower than the first level, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on a subsequent user voice being received through the microphone, identify whether a level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. | 1. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a microphone; an IC chip configured to, based on a level of a user voice received through the microphone being equal to or greater than a threshold value set as a first level, identify whether the user voice includes a wake-up-word (WUW); and a processor configured to, based on the WUW being included in the user voice, transmit a signal corresponding to the user voice to an external electronic apparatus, and based on the transmitting of the signal corresponding to the user voice being completed, set the threshold value to a second level lower than the first level, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on a subsequent user voice being received through the microphone, identify whether a level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. 2. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on operating in a first state, based on the user voice being received, identify whether the level of the user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level, and based on the level of the user voice being less than the threshold value set as the first level, maintain the first state, and based on the level of the user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level, operate in a second state to identify whether the user voice includes the WUW. 3. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on operating in the second state, identify whether the user voice includes the WUW, and based the WUW being identified as being included in the user voice, generate a wake-up-word signal and transmit the signal to the processor, and based on the WUW being identified as not being included in the user voice, convert the state to the first state. 4. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the WUW signal being received, transmit the WUW signal to the external electronic apparatus, and based on a signal requesting a transmission of a signal corresponding to the user voice being received from the external electronic apparatus in response to the transmission of the WUW signal, transmit the signal corresponding to the user voice received from the IC chip to the external electronic apparatus. 5. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on operating in the first state, based on the subsequent user voice being received, identify whether the level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being less than the threshold value set as the second level, maintain the first state, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, operate in the second state to identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. 6. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the IC chip is configured to identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW in the second state, and based on the WUW being identified to be included in the subsequent user voice, generate the WUW signal and transmit the WUW signal to the processor, and based on the WUW being identified to be included in the subsequent user voice, convert the state into the first state. 7. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the WUW signal not being received from the IC chip within a predetermined time after changing the threshold value, reset the threshold value, set as the second level, to the first level. 8. The electronic apparats as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on the WUW being identified to not be included in the user voice, identify a number of times that the user voice which does not include the WUW has been received, and
wherein the processor is configured to, based on a signal requesting to change the threshold value set as the first level being received from the IC chip, set the threshold value to a third level higher than the first level. 9. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to, based on identifying that the predetermined time has passed since the time at which the threshold value was changed, reset the threshold value, set as the third level, to the first level. 10. A method of controlling an electronic apparatus comprising:
identifying whether a level of a user voice received through a microphone is equal to or greater than a threshold value set as a first level; identifying whether the user voice includes a wake-up-word (WUW) based on the level of the user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level; transmitting a signal corresponding to the user voice to an external electronic apparatus based on the WUW being included in the user voice; and setting the threshold value as a second level lower than a first level based on a transmission of a signal corresponding to the user voice being completed, wherein the method further comprises, based on a subsequent user voice being received through the microphone, identifying whether a level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level; and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being identified to be equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, identifying whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the identifying whether the level of the user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level comprises, based on operating in a first state, identifying whether the level of the user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level, and based on the level of the user voice being less than the threshold value set as the first level, maintaining the first state, and based on the level of the user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level, operating in a second state to identify whether the user voice includes the WUW. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the identifying whether the user voice includes the WUW comprises, based on operating in the second state, identifying whether the user voice includes the WUW, and based on the WUW being identified to be included in the user voice, generating a WUW signal and transmitting the signal to the external electronic apparatus, and based on the WUW being identified to not be included in the user voice, converting the state into the first state. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12 further comprises, based on a signal requesting to transmit a signal corresponding to the user voice being received from the external electronic apparatus in response to the transmission of the WUW signal, transmitting the signal corresponding to the user voice to the external electronic apparatus. 14. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the identifying whether the level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level comprises, based on operating in the first state, based on the subsequent user voice being received, identifying whether the level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, based on the level of the subsequent user voice being less than the threshold value set as the second level, maintaining the first state, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, operating in the second state to identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the identifying whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW comprises:
identifying whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW in the second state, and based on the WUW being identified to be included in the subsequent user voice, generating the WUW signal and transmitting the signal to the external electronic apparatus, and based on the WUW being identified to not be included in the subsequent user voice, converting the state into the first state. 16. The method as claimed in claim 10 further comprises, based on the WUW signal not being received within a predetermined time after changing the threshold value, reset the threshold value, set as the second level, to the first level. 17. The method as claimed in claim 10 further comprises, based on the WUW being identified to not be included in the user voice, identifying the number of times the user voice which does not include the WUW has been received, and based on the number of times being greater than a predetermined number of times, setting the threshold value to a third level higher than the first level. 18. The method as claimed in claim 17 further comprises, based on identifying that the predetermined time has passed since the time at which the threshold value was changed, resetting the threshold value, set as the third level, to the first level. 19. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a microphone; an IC chip configured to, based on a level of a user voice received through the microphone being equal to or greater than a threshold value set as a first level, identify whether the user voice includes a wake-up-word (WUW); and a processor configured to, based on the WUW being included in the user voice, perform an operation corresponding to the user voice, and set the threshold value as a second level lower than the first level, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on a subsequent user voice being received through the microphone, identify whether a level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. | An electronic apparatus is disclosed. The electronic apparatus includes: a microphone, an IC chip configured to, based on a level of a user voice received through the microphone being equal to or greater than a threshold value set as a first level, identify whether the user voice includes a wake-up-word (WUW), and a processor configured to, based on the WUW being included in the user voice, transmit a signal corresponding to the user voice to an external electronic apparatus, and based on the transmitting of the signal corresponding to the user voice being completed, set the threshold value as a second level lower than the first level, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on a subsequent user voice being received through the microphone, identify whether a level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW.1. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a microphone; an IC chip configured to, based on a level of a user voice received through the microphone being equal to or greater than a threshold value set as a first level, identify whether the user voice includes a wake-up-word (WUW); and a processor configured to, based on the WUW being included in the user voice, transmit a signal corresponding to the user voice to an external electronic apparatus, and based on the transmitting of the signal corresponding to the user voice being completed, set the threshold value to a second level lower than the first level, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on a subsequent user voice being received through the microphone, identify whether a level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. 2. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on operating in a first state, based on the user voice being received, identify whether the level of the user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level, and based on the level of the user voice being less than the threshold value set as the first level, maintain the first state, and based on the level of the user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level, operate in a second state to identify whether the user voice includes the WUW. 3. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on operating in the second state, identify whether the user voice includes the WUW, and based the WUW being identified as being included in the user voice, generate a wake-up-word signal and transmit the signal to the processor, and based on the WUW being identified as not being included in the user voice, convert the state to the first state. 4. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the WUW signal being received, transmit the WUW signal to the external electronic apparatus, and based on a signal requesting a transmission of a signal corresponding to the user voice being received from the external electronic apparatus in response to the transmission of the WUW signal, transmit the signal corresponding to the user voice received from the IC chip to the external electronic apparatus. 5. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on operating in the first state, based on the subsequent user voice being received, identify whether the level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being less than the threshold value set as the second level, maintain the first state, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, operate in the second state to identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. 6. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the IC chip is configured to identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW in the second state, and based on the WUW being identified to be included in the subsequent user voice, generate the WUW signal and transmit the WUW signal to the processor, and based on the WUW being identified to be included in the subsequent user voice, convert the state into the first state. 7. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to, based on the WUW signal not being received from the IC chip within a predetermined time after changing the threshold value, reset the threshold value, set as the second level, to the first level. 8. The electronic apparats as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on the WUW being identified to not be included in the user voice, identify a number of times that the user voice which does not include the WUW has been received, and
wherein the processor is configured to, based on a signal requesting to change the threshold value set as the first level being received from the IC chip, set the threshold value to a third level higher than the first level. 9. The electronic apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to, based on identifying that the predetermined time has passed since the time at which the threshold value was changed, reset the threshold value, set as the third level, to the first level. 10. A method of controlling an electronic apparatus comprising:
identifying whether a level of a user voice received through a microphone is equal to or greater than a threshold value set as a first level; identifying whether the user voice includes a wake-up-word (WUW) based on the level of the user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level; transmitting a signal corresponding to the user voice to an external electronic apparatus based on the WUW being included in the user voice; and setting the threshold value as a second level lower than a first level based on a transmission of a signal corresponding to the user voice being completed, wherein the method further comprises, based on a subsequent user voice being received through the microphone, identifying whether a level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level; and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being identified to be equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, identifying whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the identifying whether the level of the user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level comprises, based on operating in a first state, identifying whether the level of the user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level, and based on the level of the user voice being less than the threshold value set as the first level, maintaining the first state, and based on the level of the user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the first level, operating in a second state to identify whether the user voice includes the WUW. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the identifying whether the user voice includes the WUW comprises, based on operating in the second state, identifying whether the user voice includes the WUW, and based on the WUW being identified to be included in the user voice, generating a WUW signal and transmitting the signal to the external electronic apparatus, and based on the WUW being identified to not be included in the user voice, converting the state into the first state. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12 further comprises, based on a signal requesting to transmit a signal corresponding to the user voice being received from the external electronic apparatus in response to the transmission of the WUW signal, transmitting the signal corresponding to the user voice to the external electronic apparatus. 14. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the identifying whether the level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level comprises, based on operating in the first state, based on the subsequent user voice being received, identifying whether the level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, based on the level of the subsequent user voice being less than the threshold value set as the second level, maintaining the first state, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, operating in the second state to identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the identifying whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW comprises:
identifying whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW in the second state, and based on the WUW being identified to be included in the subsequent user voice, generating the WUW signal and transmitting the signal to the external electronic apparatus, and based on the WUW being identified to not be included in the subsequent user voice, converting the state into the first state. 16. The method as claimed in claim 10 further comprises, based on the WUW signal not being received within a predetermined time after changing the threshold value, reset the threshold value, set as the second level, to the first level. 17. The method as claimed in claim 10 further comprises, based on the WUW being identified to not be included in the user voice, identifying the number of times the user voice which does not include the WUW has been received, and based on the number of times being greater than a predetermined number of times, setting the threshold value to a third level higher than the first level. 18. The method as claimed in claim 17 further comprises, based on identifying that the predetermined time has passed since the time at which the threshold value was changed, resetting the threshold value, set as the third level, to the first level. 19. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a microphone; an IC chip configured to, based on a level of a user voice received through the microphone being equal to or greater than a threshold value set as a first level, identify whether the user voice includes a wake-up-word (WUW); and a processor configured to, based on the WUW being included in the user voice, perform an operation corresponding to the user voice, and set the threshold value as a second level lower than the first level, wherein the IC chip is configured to, based on a subsequent user voice being received through the microphone, identify whether a level of the subsequent user voice is equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, and based on the level of the subsequent user voice being equal to or greater than the threshold value set as the second level, identify whether the subsequent user voice includes the WUW. | 1,700 |
349,504 | 350,378 | 16,853,983 | 1,761 | Disclosed herein are flexible plasma applicators based on fibrous layers that are capable of rapidly sanitizing a surface via either direct or indirect contact with said surface. | 1. A plasma applicator consisting of:
a first substrate layer, a second substrate layer, and an adhesive layer,
wherein the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are comprised of a fibrous base layer and a metallic surface layer,
wherein the adhesive layer binds the fibrous base layer of the first substrate layer to the fibrous base layer of the second substrate layer, and
wherein the metallic surface layer of the first substrate layer and the metallic surface layer of the second substrate are exposed and configured to be placed in conductive contact with a high voltage source to generate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based plasma comprising at least one of volume plasma and surface plasma upon exposure to the high voltage source. 2. The plasma applicator of claim 1, wherein the DBD-based plasma is configured to kill or inhibit growth of a microorganism or a virus on a surface or on an object. 3. The plasma applicator of claim 1, wherein the high voltage source is configured to apply an alternating current (AC) input with a frequency of about 1 kHz to about 10 kHz to the plasma applicator and a peak-to-peak voltage (Vp-p) ranging from about ±0.5 kV to about ±5 kV. 4. The plasma applicator of claim 3, wherein the AC input has a voltage of about 1 kV to about 100 kV. 5. The plasma applicator of claim 1, wherein the DBD-based plasma is configured to generate ozone. 6. The plasma applicator of claim 1, wherein the first substrate layer comprises a plurality of hexagon-shaped apertures forming a honeycomb pattern. 7. A bandage for promoting wound healing, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1 and a non-conductive spacer attached on a surface of the plasma applicator, the non-conductive spacer being adapted to be placed on skin tissue. 8. A device for disinfecting or sanitizing an object, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the object comprises food or produce. 10. A self-sanitizing article, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1. 11. The self-sanitizing article of claim 10, wherein the article comprises a touchpad, a button, a knob, a dial, a switch, a touchscreen, a key, a keyboard, a wheel, or a face mask. 12. A system for deodorizing an object, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the object comprises an article of footwear or a fabric product. 14. A device for oxidizing an article, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the article is a gas sensor and wherein the DBD-based plasma is configured to oxidize the sensor and thereby to reset the gas sensor. 16. A method of disinfecting or sanitizing a surface using a plasma applicator,
wherein the plasma applicator consists of:
a first substrate layer, a second substrate layer, and an adhesive layer,
wherein the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are comprised of a fibrous base layer and a metallic surface layer,
wherein the adhesive layer binds the fibrous base layer of the first substrate layer to the fibrous base layer of the second substrate layer,
wherein the metallic surface layer of the first substrate layer and the metallic surface layer of the second substrate are exposed and configured to be placed in conductive contact with a high voltage source to generate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based plasma comprising at least one of volume plasma and surface plasma upon exposure to the high voltage source, and
the method comprising:
placing the plasma applicator over the surface and thereby to cause the plasma applicator to directly contact the surface or to maintain a predetermined distance over the surface; and
applying an alternating current (AC) input from the high voltage source and keeping the plasma applicator over the surface for a predetermined amount of time, thereby causing the plasma applicator to generate DBD-based plasma that kills or inhibits growth of a microorganism or a virus on the surface. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the surface is a surface of an object selected from the group consisting of skin tissue, food or produce, a device interface, a wheel, a medical device, and a personal protective equipment (PPE). 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the device interface comprises a touchpad, a button, a knob, a dial, a switch, a touchscreen, a key, or a keyboard. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the predetermined distance is between about 0.1 cm and about 10 cm. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of applying comprises applying the AC input with a frequency of about 1 kHz to about 10 kHz to the plasma applicator and a peak-to-peak voltage (Vp-p) ranging from about ±0.5 kV to about ±5 kV. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of applying comprises applying the AC input with a voltage of about 1 kV to about 100 kV to the plasma applicator. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein the predetermined amount of time is between about 5 seconds and about 5 minutes. 23. A method of deodorizing an article using a plasma applicator,
wherein the plasma applicator consists of:
a first substrate layer, a second substrate layer, and an adhesive layer,
wherein the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are comprised of a fibrous base layer and a metallic surface layer,
wherein the adhesive layer binds the fibrous base layer of the first substrate layer to the fibrous base layer of the second substrate layer,
wherein the metallic surface layer of the first substrate layer and the metallic surface layer of the second substrate are exposed and configured to be placed in conductive contact with a high voltage source to generate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based plasma comprising at least one of volume plasma and surface plasma upon exposure to the high voltage source, and
the method comprising:
placing the plasma applicator over a surface of the article and thereby to cause the plasma applicator to directly contact the surface or to maintain a predetermined distance over the surface; and
applying an alternating current (AC) input from the high voltage source and keeping the plasma applicator over the surface for a predetermined amount of time, thereby causing the plasma applicator to generate DBD-based plasma that reduces odor from the article. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of applying comprises applying to the plasma applicator the AC input with a frequency of about 1.0 kHz to about 3.5 kHz and a peak-to-peak voltage (Vp-p) ranging from about ±2.0 kV to about ±3.5 kV. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the predetermined amount of time is between about 5 seconds and about 5 minutes. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the article comprises an article of footwear or a fabric product selected from the group consisting of shoe insole, clothes, pillow, pillow cover, bed cover, blanket, table cloth, carpet, and curtain. 27. A method of oxidizing an object, comprising:
placing the plasma applicator of claim 1 over a surface of the article and thereby to cause the plasma applicator to directly contact the surface or to maintain a predetermined distance over the surface; and applying an alternating current (AC) input from the high voltage source and keeping the plasma applicator over the surface for a predetermined amount of time, thereby causing the plasma applicator to generate DBD-based plasma that oxidizes the article. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the article is a gas sensor and wherein the DBD-based plasma is configured to oxidize the sensor and thereby to reset the gas sensor. | Disclosed herein are flexible plasma applicators based on fibrous layers that are capable of rapidly sanitizing a surface via either direct or indirect contact with said surface.1. A plasma applicator consisting of:
a first substrate layer, a second substrate layer, and an adhesive layer,
wherein the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are comprised of a fibrous base layer and a metallic surface layer,
wherein the adhesive layer binds the fibrous base layer of the first substrate layer to the fibrous base layer of the second substrate layer, and
wherein the metallic surface layer of the first substrate layer and the metallic surface layer of the second substrate are exposed and configured to be placed in conductive contact with a high voltage source to generate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based plasma comprising at least one of volume plasma and surface plasma upon exposure to the high voltage source. 2. The plasma applicator of claim 1, wherein the DBD-based plasma is configured to kill or inhibit growth of a microorganism or a virus on a surface or on an object. 3. The plasma applicator of claim 1, wherein the high voltage source is configured to apply an alternating current (AC) input with a frequency of about 1 kHz to about 10 kHz to the plasma applicator and a peak-to-peak voltage (Vp-p) ranging from about ±0.5 kV to about ±5 kV. 4. The plasma applicator of claim 3, wherein the AC input has a voltage of about 1 kV to about 100 kV. 5. The plasma applicator of claim 1, wherein the DBD-based plasma is configured to generate ozone. 6. The plasma applicator of claim 1, wherein the first substrate layer comprises a plurality of hexagon-shaped apertures forming a honeycomb pattern. 7. A bandage for promoting wound healing, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1 and a non-conductive spacer attached on a surface of the plasma applicator, the non-conductive spacer being adapted to be placed on skin tissue. 8. A device for disinfecting or sanitizing an object, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the object comprises food or produce. 10. A self-sanitizing article, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1. 11. The self-sanitizing article of claim 10, wherein the article comprises a touchpad, a button, a knob, a dial, a switch, a touchscreen, a key, a keyboard, a wheel, or a face mask. 12. A system for deodorizing an object, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the object comprises an article of footwear or a fabric product. 14. A device for oxidizing an article, comprising the plasma applicator of claim 1. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the article is a gas sensor and wherein the DBD-based plasma is configured to oxidize the sensor and thereby to reset the gas sensor. 16. A method of disinfecting or sanitizing a surface using a plasma applicator,
wherein the plasma applicator consists of:
a first substrate layer, a second substrate layer, and an adhesive layer,
wherein the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are comprised of a fibrous base layer and a metallic surface layer,
wherein the adhesive layer binds the fibrous base layer of the first substrate layer to the fibrous base layer of the second substrate layer,
wherein the metallic surface layer of the first substrate layer and the metallic surface layer of the second substrate are exposed and configured to be placed in conductive contact with a high voltage source to generate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based plasma comprising at least one of volume plasma and surface plasma upon exposure to the high voltage source, and
the method comprising:
placing the plasma applicator over the surface and thereby to cause the plasma applicator to directly contact the surface or to maintain a predetermined distance over the surface; and
applying an alternating current (AC) input from the high voltage source and keeping the plasma applicator over the surface for a predetermined amount of time, thereby causing the plasma applicator to generate DBD-based plasma that kills or inhibits growth of a microorganism or a virus on the surface. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the surface is a surface of an object selected from the group consisting of skin tissue, food or produce, a device interface, a wheel, a medical device, and a personal protective equipment (PPE). 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the device interface comprises a touchpad, a button, a knob, a dial, a switch, a touchscreen, a key, or a keyboard. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the predetermined distance is between about 0.1 cm and about 10 cm. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of applying comprises applying the AC input with a frequency of about 1 kHz to about 10 kHz to the plasma applicator and a peak-to-peak voltage (Vp-p) ranging from about ±0.5 kV to about ±5 kV. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of applying comprises applying the AC input with a voltage of about 1 kV to about 100 kV to the plasma applicator. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein the predetermined amount of time is between about 5 seconds and about 5 minutes. 23. A method of deodorizing an article using a plasma applicator,
wherein the plasma applicator consists of:
a first substrate layer, a second substrate layer, and an adhesive layer,
wherein the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are comprised of a fibrous base layer and a metallic surface layer,
wherein the adhesive layer binds the fibrous base layer of the first substrate layer to the fibrous base layer of the second substrate layer,
wherein the metallic surface layer of the first substrate layer and the metallic surface layer of the second substrate are exposed and configured to be placed in conductive contact with a high voltage source to generate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-based plasma comprising at least one of volume plasma and surface plasma upon exposure to the high voltage source, and
the method comprising:
placing the plasma applicator over a surface of the article and thereby to cause the plasma applicator to directly contact the surface or to maintain a predetermined distance over the surface; and
applying an alternating current (AC) input from the high voltage source and keeping the plasma applicator over the surface for a predetermined amount of time, thereby causing the plasma applicator to generate DBD-based plasma that reduces odor from the article. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of applying comprises applying to the plasma applicator the AC input with a frequency of about 1.0 kHz to about 3.5 kHz and a peak-to-peak voltage (Vp-p) ranging from about ±2.0 kV to about ±3.5 kV. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the predetermined amount of time is between about 5 seconds and about 5 minutes. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the article comprises an article of footwear or a fabric product selected from the group consisting of shoe insole, clothes, pillow, pillow cover, bed cover, blanket, table cloth, carpet, and curtain. 27. A method of oxidizing an object, comprising:
placing the plasma applicator of claim 1 over a surface of the article and thereby to cause the plasma applicator to directly contact the surface or to maintain a predetermined distance over the surface; and applying an alternating current (AC) input from the high voltage source and keeping the plasma applicator over the surface for a predetermined amount of time, thereby causing the plasma applicator to generate DBD-based plasma that oxidizes the article. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the article is a gas sensor and wherein the DBD-based plasma is configured to oxidize the sensor and thereby to reset the gas sensor. | 1,700 |
349,505 | 350,379 | 16,853,995 | 1,761 | A radio frequency (RF) device includes a conformal RF antenna configured to be mounted on a non-metallic component of a vehicle and configured to operate at frequencies greater than 10 GHz. The RF device further includes an RF chip mounted on the conformal RF antenna and electrically coupled to the conformal RF antenna to transfer an RF signal of a frequency greater than 10 GHz to the conformal RF antenna. | 1. A radio frequency (RF) device, comprising:
a conformal RF antenna configured to be mounted on a non-metallic component of a vehicle and configured to operate at frequencies greater than 10 GHz; and an RF chip mounted on the conformal RF antenna and electrically coupled to the conformal RF antenna to transfer an RF signal of a frequency greater than 10 GHz to the conformal RF antenna. 2. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the electrical coupling between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna is non-galvanic or wireless. 3. The RF device of claim 1, wherein:
the conformal RF antenna is a conformal radar antenna, and the RF chip is a radar chip. 4. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the non-metallic component comprises at least one of a window, a lighting cover, or a mirror casing. 5. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the conformal RF antenna is configured to provide a thermal path for dissipating thermal energy generated by the RF chip in a direction towards the non-metallic component. 6. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a housing, wherein the RF chip is at least partly encapsulated in the housing and the conformal RF antenna is arranged external to the housing. 7. The RF device of claim 6, wherein the housing comprises at least one of a laminate, a circuit board, a semiconductor package, a wafer level semiconductor package, or a panel level semiconductor package. 8. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the RF chip comprises a coupling structure configured to couple the RF signal provided by the RF chip into the conformal RF antenna. 9. The RF device of claim 1, wherein:
the conformal RF antenna comprises a phased array antenna, and the RF chip is configured to drive the phased array antenna to adjust a main lobe of the conformal RF antenna. 10. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the conformal RF antenna comprises:
a flexible dielectric substrate; and at least one patterned metal layer arranged over a main surface of the flexible dielectric substrate, wherein the at least one patterned metal layer forms at least one radiating element. 11. The RF device of claim 10, wherein:
the flexible dielectric substrate comprises a cavity, and the RF chip is arranged over the cavity. 12. The RF device of claim 11, wherein the cavity is filled with at least one of a thermal paste or a thermal pad. 13. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a ball grid array laminate arranged between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna, wherein the RF chip is mounted on the ball grid array laminate. 14. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a frame structure mounted on the conformal RF antenna and at least partly surrounding the RF chip. 15. A method, comprising:
mounting a radio frequency (RF) chip on a conformal RF antenna; and mounting the conformal RF antenna on a non-metallic component of a vehicle. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the RF chip is mounted on the conformal RF antenna before the conformal RF antenna is mounted on the non-metallic component. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the conformal RF antenna is mounted on the non-metallic component before the RF chip is mounted on the conformal RF antenna. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, mounting a frame structure on the conformal RF antenna; before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, arranging an adhesive on the conformal RF antenna, wherein the adhesive is bounded by the frame structure; and arranging the RF chip on the adhesive. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, arranging at least one spacer structure on the conformal RF antenna, wherein the at least one spacer structure is configured to provide a predefined distance between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna. 20. A system, comprising:
a non-metallic component of a vehicle; and a radio frequency (RF) chip mounted on the non-metallic component by an adhesion promoter. 21. The system of claim 20, further comprising:
a conformal RF antenna embedded in the non-metallic component, wherein the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna are non-galvanically or wirelessly coupled. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the conformal RF antenna is arranged between a first glass layer and a second glass layer of a window of the vehicle. | A radio frequency (RF) device includes a conformal RF antenna configured to be mounted on a non-metallic component of a vehicle and configured to operate at frequencies greater than 10 GHz. The RF device further includes an RF chip mounted on the conformal RF antenna and electrically coupled to the conformal RF antenna to transfer an RF signal of a frequency greater than 10 GHz to the conformal RF antenna.1. A radio frequency (RF) device, comprising:
a conformal RF antenna configured to be mounted on a non-metallic component of a vehicle and configured to operate at frequencies greater than 10 GHz; and an RF chip mounted on the conformal RF antenna and electrically coupled to the conformal RF antenna to transfer an RF signal of a frequency greater than 10 GHz to the conformal RF antenna. 2. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the electrical coupling between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna is non-galvanic or wireless. 3. The RF device of claim 1, wherein:
the conformal RF antenna is a conformal radar antenna, and the RF chip is a radar chip. 4. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the non-metallic component comprises at least one of a window, a lighting cover, or a mirror casing. 5. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the conformal RF antenna is configured to provide a thermal path for dissipating thermal energy generated by the RF chip in a direction towards the non-metallic component. 6. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a housing, wherein the RF chip is at least partly encapsulated in the housing and the conformal RF antenna is arranged external to the housing. 7. The RF device of claim 6, wherein the housing comprises at least one of a laminate, a circuit board, a semiconductor package, a wafer level semiconductor package, or a panel level semiconductor package. 8. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the RF chip comprises a coupling structure configured to couple the RF signal provided by the RF chip into the conformal RF antenna. 9. The RF device of claim 1, wherein:
the conformal RF antenna comprises a phased array antenna, and the RF chip is configured to drive the phased array antenna to adjust a main lobe of the conformal RF antenna. 10. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the conformal RF antenna comprises:
a flexible dielectric substrate; and at least one patterned metal layer arranged over a main surface of the flexible dielectric substrate, wherein the at least one patterned metal layer forms at least one radiating element. 11. The RF device of claim 10, wherein:
the flexible dielectric substrate comprises a cavity, and the RF chip is arranged over the cavity. 12. The RF device of claim 11, wherein the cavity is filled with at least one of a thermal paste or a thermal pad. 13. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a ball grid array laminate arranged between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna, wherein the RF chip is mounted on the ball grid array laminate. 14. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a frame structure mounted on the conformal RF antenna and at least partly surrounding the RF chip. 15. A method, comprising:
mounting a radio frequency (RF) chip on a conformal RF antenna; and mounting the conformal RF antenna on a non-metallic component of a vehicle. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the RF chip is mounted on the conformal RF antenna before the conformal RF antenna is mounted on the non-metallic component. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the conformal RF antenna is mounted on the non-metallic component before the RF chip is mounted on the conformal RF antenna. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, mounting a frame structure on the conformal RF antenna; before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, arranging an adhesive on the conformal RF antenna, wherein the adhesive is bounded by the frame structure; and arranging the RF chip on the adhesive. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, arranging at least one spacer structure on the conformal RF antenna, wherein the at least one spacer structure is configured to provide a predefined distance between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna. 20. A system, comprising:
a non-metallic component of a vehicle; and a radio frequency (RF) chip mounted on the non-metallic component by an adhesion promoter. 21. The system of claim 20, further comprising:
a conformal RF antenna embedded in the non-metallic component, wherein the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna are non-galvanically or wirelessly coupled. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the conformal RF antenna is arranged between a first glass layer and a second glass layer of a window of the vehicle. | 1,700 |
349,506 | 350,380 | 16,854,038 | 1,761 | A radio frequency (RF) device includes a conformal RF antenna configured to be mounted on a non-metallic component of a vehicle and configured to operate at frequencies greater than 10 GHz. The RF device further includes an RF chip mounted on the conformal RF antenna and electrically coupled to the conformal RF antenna to transfer an RF signal of a frequency greater than 10 GHz to the conformal RF antenna. | 1. A radio frequency (RF) device, comprising:
a conformal RF antenna configured to be mounted on a non-metallic component of a vehicle and configured to operate at frequencies greater than 10 GHz; and an RF chip mounted on the conformal RF antenna and electrically coupled to the conformal RF antenna to transfer an RF signal of a frequency greater than 10 GHz to the conformal RF antenna. 2. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the electrical coupling between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna is non-galvanic or wireless. 3. The RF device of claim 1, wherein:
the conformal RF antenna is a conformal radar antenna, and the RF chip is a radar chip. 4. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the non-metallic component comprises at least one of a window, a lighting cover, or a mirror casing. 5. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the conformal RF antenna is configured to provide a thermal path for dissipating thermal energy generated by the RF chip in a direction towards the non-metallic component. 6. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a housing, wherein the RF chip is at least partly encapsulated in the housing and the conformal RF antenna is arranged external to the housing. 7. The RF device of claim 6, wherein the housing comprises at least one of a laminate, a circuit board, a semiconductor package, a wafer level semiconductor package, or a panel level semiconductor package. 8. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the RF chip comprises a coupling structure configured to couple the RF signal provided by the RF chip into the conformal RF antenna. 9. The RF device of claim 1, wherein:
the conformal RF antenna comprises a phased array antenna, and the RF chip is configured to drive the phased array antenna to adjust a main lobe of the conformal RF antenna. 10. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the conformal RF antenna comprises:
a flexible dielectric substrate; and at least one patterned metal layer arranged over a main surface of the flexible dielectric substrate, wherein the at least one patterned metal layer forms at least one radiating element. 11. The RF device of claim 10, wherein:
the flexible dielectric substrate comprises a cavity, and the RF chip is arranged over the cavity. 12. The RF device of claim 11, wherein the cavity is filled with at least one of a thermal paste or a thermal pad. 13. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a ball grid array laminate arranged between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna, wherein the RF chip is mounted on the ball grid array laminate. 14. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a frame structure mounted on the conformal RF antenna and at least partly surrounding the RF chip. 15. A method, comprising:
mounting a radio frequency (RF) chip on a conformal RF antenna; and mounting the conformal RF antenna on a non-metallic component of a vehicle. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the RF chip is mounted on the conformal RF antenna before the conformal RF antenna is mounted on the non-metallic component. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the conformal RF antenna is mounted on the non-metallic component before the RF chip is mounted on the conformal RF antenna. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, mounting a frame structure on the conformal RF antenna; before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, arranging an adhesive on the conformal RF antenna, wherein the adhesive is bounded by the frame structure; and arranging the RF chip on the adhesive. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, arranging at least one spacer structure on the conformal RF antenna, wherein the at least one spacer structure is configured to provide a predefined distance between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna. 20. A system, comprising:
a non-metallic component of a vehicle; and a radio frequency (RF) chip mounted on the non-metallic component by an adhesion promoter. 21. The system of claim 20, further comprising:
a conformal RF antenna embedded in the non-metallic component, wherein the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna are non-galvanically or wirelessly coupled. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the conformal RF antenna is arranged between a first glass layer and a second glass layer of a window of the vehicle. | A radio frequency (RF) device includes a conformal RF antenna configured to be mounted on a non-metallic component of a vehicle and configured to operate at frequencies greater than 10 GHz. The RF device further includes an RF chip mounted on the conformal RF antenna and electrically coupled to the conformal RF antenna to transfer an RF signal of a frequency greater than 10 GHz to the conformal RF antenna.1. A radio frequency (RF) device, comprising:
a conformal RF antenna configured to be mounted on a non-metallic component of a vehicle and configured to operate at frequencies greater than 10 GHz; and an RF chip mounted on the conformal RF antenna and electrically coupled to the conformal RF antenna to transfer an RF signal of a frequency greater than 10 GHz to the conformal RF antenna. 2. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the electrical coupling between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna is non-galvanic or wireless. 3. The RF device of claim 1, wherein:
the conformal RF antenna is a conformal radar antenna, and the RF chip is a radar chip. 4. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the non-metallic component comprises at least one of a window, a lighting cover, or a mirror casing. 5. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the conformal RF antenna is configured to provide a thermal path for dissipating thermal energy generated by the RF chip in a direction towards the non-metallic component. 6. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a housing, wherein the RF chip is at least partly encapsulated in the housing and the conformal RF antenna is arranged external to the housing. 7. The RF device of claim 6, wherein the housing comprises at least one of a laminate, a circuit board, a semiconductor package, a wafer level semiconductor package, or a panel level semiconductor package. 8. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the RF chip comprises a coupling structure configured to couple the RF signal provided by the RF chip into the conformal RF antenna. 9. The RF device of claim 1, wherein:
the conformal RF antenna comprises a phased array antenna, and the RF chip is configured to drive the phased array antenna to adjust a main lobe of the conformal RF antenna. 10. The RF device of claim 1, wherein the conformal RF antenna comprises:
a flexible dielectric substrate; and at least one patterned metal layer arranged over a main surface of the flexible dielectric substrate, wherein the at least one patterned metal layer forms at least one radiating element. 11. The RF device of claim 10, wherein:
the flexible dielectric substrate comprises a cavity, and the RF chip is arranged over the cavity. 12. The RF device of claim 11, wherein the cavity is filled with at least one of a thermal paste or a thermal pad. 13. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a ball grid array laminate arranged between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna, wherein the RF chip is mounted on the ball grid array laminate. 14. The RF device of claim 1, further comprising:
a frame structure mounted on the conformal RF antenna and at least partly surrounding the RF chip. 15. A method, comprising:
mounting a radio frequency (RF) chip on a conformal RF antenna; and mounting the conformal RF antenna on a non-metallic component of a vehicle. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the RF chip is mounted on the conformal RF antenna before the conformal RF antenna is mounted on the non-metallic component. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the conformal RF antenna is mounted on the non-metallic component before the RF chip is mounted on the conformal RF antenna. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, mounting a frame structure on the conformal RF antenna; before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, arranging an adhesive on the conformal RF antenna, wherein the adhesive is bounded by the frame structure; and arranging the RF chip on the adhesive. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
before mounting the RF chip on the conformal RF antenna, arranging at least one spacer structure on the conformal RF antenna, wherein the at least one spacer structure is configured to provide a predefined distance between the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna. 20. A system, comprising:
a non-metallic component of a vehicle; and a radio frequency (RF) chip mounted on the non-metallic component by an adhesion promoter. 21. The system of claim 20, further comprising:
a conformal RF antenna embedded in the non-metallic component, wherein the RF chip and the conformal RF antenna are non-galvanically or wirelessly coupled. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the conformal RF antenna is arranged between a first glass layer and a second glass layer of a window of the vehicle. | 1,700 |
349,507 | 350,381 | 16,853,937 | 1,761 | An athletic parameter measurement device worn by an athlete during an athletic activity session includes a housing which attaches to the athlete, a display, a processor associated with the display, and an athletic parameter measurement sensor. During the athletic activity, the device detects, using the sensor, a vertical jump height of the athlete, and displays, during the performance of the athletic activity session, a representation of the vertical jump height on the display. | 1. An athletic parameter measurement device comprising:
a display; a processor; and at least one measurement sensor, wherein the athletic parameter measurement device is configured to:
detect athletic data of the athlete during an athletic activity session;
receive, by the processor, video data of the athlete during the athletic activity session;
calculate, by the processor, at least one metric of the athlete using the detected athletic data and the received video data, wherein the at least one metric includes a location metric of the athlete; and
trigger a display, by a detection of an event in the video data and by the processor on the display, during performance of the athletic activity session, a representation of the at least one metric, wherein the at least one metric is an overlaid graphic that is displayed during playback of the video data. 2. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the representation of the at least one metric is displayed in real time. 3. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the at least one measurement sensor includes a GPS sensor. 4. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the at least one metric further includes a speed of a user 5. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the athletic parameter device is further configured to:
associate an identification of the athlete with the athletic parameter measurement device; and transmit the at least one metric and the identification to a computing device remote from the athletic parameter measurement device. 6. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 5, wherein the athletic parameter measurement device is further configured to transmit the at least one metric and the identification to the computing device via 2400 and 2483.5 MHz frequency signals. 7. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 6, wherein the athletic parameter measurement device is further configured to transmit the at least one metric and the identification to the computing device in real-time. 8. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the overlaid graphic is animated during playback of the video data. 9. A method comprising:
detecting, by at least one sensor, athletic data of the athlete during an athletic activity session while the sensor is worn by the athlete; receiving, by a processor of an athletic parameter measurement device, video data of the athlete during the athletic activity session; calculating, by the processor, at least one metric of the athlete using the detected athletic data; and trigger a display, by a detection of an event in the video data and by the processor on the display, during performance of the athletic activity session, a representation of the at least one metric, wherein the at least one metric is an overlaid graphic that is displayed during playback of the video data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the sensor includes a GPS sensor and the at least one metric includes a location of the athlete. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the sensor includes an accelerometer and the at least one metric includes a speed of the athlete. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the representation of the at least one metric is displayed in real time. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
associating an identification of the athlete with the athletic parameter measurement device; and transmitting the at least one metric and the identification to a computing device remote from the athletic parameter measurement device. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the athletic parameter measurement device is further configured to transmit the at least one metric and the identification to the computing device in real-time. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the overlaid graphic is animated during playback of the video data. 16. A method comprising:
detecting, by at least one athletic parameter sensor, athletic data of the athlete during an athletic activity session; receiving, by a processor of an athletic parameter measurement device, video data of the athlete during the athletic activity session; calculating, by the processor, at least one metric of the athlete using the detected athletic data and the received video data, wherein the at least one metric includes a location metric of the athlete; and trigger a display, by a detection of an event in the video data and by the processor on the display, during performance of the athletic activity session, a representation of the at least one metric, wherein the at least one metric is an overlaid graphic that is displayed during playback of the video data. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the athletic parameter sensor includes a GPS sensor. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the athletic parameter sensor includes an accelerometer. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the representation of the at least one metric is displayed in real time. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the overlaid graphic is animated during playback of the video data. | An athletic parameter measurement device worn by an athlete during an athletic activity session includes a housing which attaches to the athlete, a display, a processor associated with the display, and an athletic parameter measurement sensor. During the athletic activity, the device detects, using the sensor, a vertical jump height of the athlete, and displays, during the performance of the athletic activity session, a representation of the vertical jump height on the display.1. An athletic parameter measurement device comprising:
a display; a processor; and at least one measurement sensor, wherein the athletic parameter measurement device is configured to:
detect athletic data of the athlete during an athletic activity session;
receive, by the processor, video data of the athlete during the athletic activity session;
calculate, by the processor, at least one metric of the athlete using the detected athletic data and the received video data, wherein the at least one metric includes a location metric of the athlete; and
trigger a display, by a detection of an event in the video data and by the processor on the display, during performance of the athletic activity session, a representation of the at least one metric, wherein the at least one metric is an overlaid graphic that is displayed during playback of the video data. 2. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the representation of the at least one metric is displayed in real time. 3. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the at least one measurement sensor includes a GPS sensor. 4. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the at least one metric further includes a speed of a user 5. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the athletic parameter device is further configured to:
associate an identification of the athlete with the athletic parameter measurement device; and transmit the at least one metric and the identification to a computing device remote from the athletic parameter measurement device. 6. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 5, wherein the athletic parameter measurement device is further configured to transmit the at least one metric and the identification to the computing device via 2400 and 2483.5 MHz frequency signals. 7. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 6, wherein the athletic parameter measurement device is further configured to transmit the at least one metric and the identification to the computing device in real-time. 8. The athletic parameter measurement device of claim 1, wherein the overlaid graphic is animated during playback of the video data. 9. A method comprising:
detecting, by at least one sensor, athletic data of the athlete during an athletic activity session while the sensor is worn by the athlete; receiving, by a processor of an athletic parameter measurement device, video data of the athlete during the athletic activity session; calculating, by the processor, at least one metric of the athlete using the detected athletic data; and trigger a display, by a detection of an event in the video data and by the processor on the display, during performance of the athletic activity session, a representation of the at least one metric, wherein the at least one metric is an overlaid graphic that is displayed during playback of the video data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the sensor includes a GPS sensor and the at least one metric includes a location of the athlete. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the sensor includes an accelerometer and the at least one metric includes a speed of the athlete. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the representation of the at least one metric is displayed in real time. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
associating an identification of the athlete with the athletic parameter measurement device; and transmitting the at least one metric and the identification to a computing device remote from the athletic parameter measurement device. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the athletic parameter measurement device is further configured to transmit the at least one metric and the identification to the computing device in real-time. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the overlaid graphic is animated during playback of the video data. 16. A method comprising:
detecting, by at least one athletic parameter sensor, athletic data of the athlete during an athletic activity session; receiving, by a processor of an athletic parameter measurement device, video data of the athlete during the athletic activity session; calculating, by the processor, at least one metric of the athlete using the detected athletic data and the received video data, wherein the at least one metric includes a location metric of the athlete; and trigger a display, by a detection of an event in the video data and by the processor on the display, during performance of the athletic activity session, a representation of the at least one metric, wherein the at least one metric is an overlaid graphic that is displayed during playback of the video data. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the athletic parameter sensor includes a GPS sensor. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the athletic parameter sensor includes an accelerometer. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the representation of the at least one metric is displayed in real time. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the overlaid graphic is animated during playback of the video data. | 1,700 |
349,508 | 350,382 | 16,854,018 | 1,761 | A conductive member is arranged on a display panel in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a mosaic array or a delta array, and includes a transparent insulating substrate and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. | 1. A conductive member comprising:
a transparent insulating substrate; and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, wherein in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. 2. The conductive member according to claim 1,
wherein the degree of the acute angles is 46 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. 3. The conductive member according to claim 2,
wherein the quadrangular mesh cell has a shape of rhombus. 4. The conductive member according to claim 3,
wherein a length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 248 μm or less. 5. The conductive member according to claim 4,
wherein the length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 192 μm or less. 6. The conductive member according to claim 5,
wherein a line width of the thin metal wire is 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less. 7. The conductive member according to claim 1,
wherein two layers of the conductive layers are arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, and the plurality of thin metal wires of the two conductive layers are combined with each other to form the mesh pattern. 8. The conductive member according to claim 7,
wherein the two conductive layers are respectively arranged on both surfaces of the transparent insulating substrate. 9. The conductive member according to claim 7,
wherein the two conductive layers are arranged on one surface of the transparent insulating substrate so as to overlap each other. 10. A touch panel using the conductive member according to claim 1. 11. A display device comprising:
a display panel in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a mosaic array or a delta array; and a conductive member including a transparent insulating substrate, and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, wherein in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. 12. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the plurality of pixels have an array direction in which a plurality of sub-pixels are arrayed so as to repeat an order of a red pixel R, a green pixel G, and a blue pixel B, the quadrangular mesh cells are rhombic mesh cells, and the array direction and a direction along a bisector of the acute angles of the rhombic mesh cells match with each other. 13. The display device according to claim 12,
wherein the degree of the acute angles is 46 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. 14. The display device according to claim 13,
wherein a length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 248 μm or less. 15. The display device according to claim 14,
wherein the length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 192 μm or less. 16. The display device according to claim 15,
wherein a line width of the thin metal wire is 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less. 17. The display device according to claim 12,
wherein two layers of the conductive layers are arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, and the plurality of thin metal wires of the two conductive layers are combined with each other to form the mesh pattern. 18. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the conductive member constitutes a touch panel. 19. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the plurality of pixels are constituted by organic EL elements. 20. The display device according to claim 19,
wherein a pixel pitch of the plurality of pixels is 40 μm or more and 110 μm or less. | A conductive member is arranged on a display panel in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a mosaic array or a delta array, and includes a transparent insulating substrate and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less.1. A conductive member comprising:
a transparent insulating substrate; and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, wherein in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. 2. The conductive member according to claim 1,
wherein the degree of the acute angles is 46 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. 3. The conductive member according to claim 2,
wherein the quadrangular mesh cell has a shape of rhombus. 4. The conductive member according to claim 3,
wherein a length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 248 μm or less. 5. The conductive member according to claim 4,
wherein the length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 192 μm or less. 6. The conductive member according to claim 5,
wherein a line width of the thin metal wire is 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less. 7. The conductive member according to claim 1,
wherein two layers of the conductive layers are arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, and the plurality of thin metal wires of the two conductive layers are combined with each other to form the mesh pattern. 8. The conductive member according to claim 7,
wherein the two conductive layers are respectively arranged on both surfaces of the transparent insulating substrate. 9. The conductive member according to claim 7,
wherein the two conductive layers are arranged on one surface of the transparent insulating substrate so as to overlap each other. 10. A touch panel using the conductive member according to claim 1. 11. A display device comprising:
a display panel in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a mosaic array or a delta array; and a conductive member including a transparent insulating substrate, and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, wherein in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. 12. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the plurality of pixels have an array direction in which a plurality of sub-pixels are arrayed so as to repeat an order of a red pixel R, a green pixel G, and a blue pixel B, the quadrangular mesh cells are rhombic mesh cells, and the array direction and a direction along a bisector of the acute angles of the rhombic mesh cells match with each other. 13. The display device according to claim 12,
wherein the degree of the acute angles is 46 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. 14. The display device according to claim 13,
wherein a length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 248 μm or less. 15. The display device according to claim 14,
wherein the length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 192 μm or less. 16. The display device according to claim 15,
wherein a line width of the thin metal wire is 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less. 17. The display device according to claim 12,
wherein two layers of the conductive layers are arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, and the plurality of thin metal wires of the two conductive layers are combined with each other to form the mesh pattern. 18. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the conductive member constitutes a touch panel. 19. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the plurality of pixels are constituted by organic EL elements. 20. The display device according to claim 19,
wherein a pixel pitch of the plurality of pixels is 40 μm or more and 110 μm or less. | 1,700 |
349,509 | 350,383 | 16,854,010 | 1,761 | A conductive member is arranged on a display panel in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a mosaic array or a delta array, and includes a transparent insulating substrate and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. | 1. A conductive member comprising:
a transparent insulating substrate; and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, wherein in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. 2. The conductive member according to claim 1,
wherein the degree of the acute angles is 46 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. 3. The conductive member according to claim 2,
wherein the quadrangular mesh cell has a shape of rhombus. 4. The conductive member according to claim 3,
wherein a length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 248 μm or less. 5. The conductive member according to claim 4,
wherein the length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 192 μm or less. 6. The conductive member according to claim 5,
wherein a line width of the thin metal wire is 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less. 7. The conductive member according to claim 1,
wherein two layers of the conductive layers are arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, and the plurality of thin metal wires of the two conductive layers are combined with each other to form the mesh pattern. 8. The conductive member according to claim 7,
wherein the two conductive layers are respectively arranged on both surfaces of the transparent insulating substrate. 9. The conductive member according to claim 7,
wherein the two conductive layers are arranged on one surface of the transparent insulating substrate so as to overlap each other. 10. A touch panel using the conductive member according to claim 1. 11. A display device comprising:
a display panel in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a mosaic array or a delta array; and a conductive member including a transparent insulating substrate, and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, wherein in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. 12. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the plurality of pixels have an array direction in which a plurality of sub-pixels are arrayed so as to repeat an order of a red pixel R, a green pixel G, and a blue pixel B, the quadrangular mesh cells are rhombic mesh cells, and the array direction and a direction along a bisector of the acute angles of the rhombic mesh cells match with each other. 13. The display device according to claim 12,
wherein the degree of the acute angles is 46 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. 14. The display device according to claim 13,
wherein a length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 248 μm or less. 15. The display device according to claim 14,
wherein the length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 192 μm or less. 16. The display device according to claim 15,
wherein a line width of the thin metal wire is 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less. 17. The display device according to claim 12,
wherein two layers of the conductive layers are arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, and the plurality of thin metal wires of the two conductive layers are combined with each other to form the mesh pattern. 18. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the conductive member constitutes a touch panel. 19. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the plurality of pixels are constituted by organic EL elements. 20. The display device according to claim 19,
wherein a pixel pitch of the plurality of pixels is 40 μm or more and 110 μm or less. | A conductive member is arranged on a display panel in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a mosaic array or a delta array, and includes a transparent insulating substrate and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less.1. A conductive member comprising:
a transparent insulating substrate; and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, wherein in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. 2. The conductive member according to claim 1,
wherein the degree of the acute angles is 46 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. 3. The conductive member according to claim 2,
wherein the quadrangular mesh cell has a shape of rhombus. 4. The conductive member according to claim 3,
wherein a length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 248 μm or less. 5. The conductive member according to claim 4,
wherein the length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 192 μm or less. 6. The conductive member according to claim 5,
wherein a line width of the thin metal wire is 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less. 7. The conductive member according to claim 1,
wherein two layers of the conductive layers are arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, and the plurality of thin metal wires of the two conductive layers are combined with each other to form the mesh pattern. 8. The conductive member according to claim 7,
wherein the two conductive layers are respectively arranged on both surfaces of the transparent insulating substrate. 9. The conductive member according to claim 7,
wherein the two conductive layers are arranged on one surface of the transparent insulating substrate so as to overlap each other. 10. A touch panel using the conductive member according to claim 1. 11. A display device comprising:
a display panel in which a plurality of pixels are arrayed in a mosaic array or a delta array; and a conductive member including a transparent insulating substrate, and at least one conductive layer which has a plurality of thin metal wires and is arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, wherein in a case of being viewed from a direction perpendicular to the transparent insulating substrate, a mesh pattern is formed by the plurality of thin metal wires, the mesh pattern is constituted by a plurality of quadrangular mesh cells having two acute angles of less than 90 degrees and two obtuse angles of more than 90 degrees, and a degree of the acute angles is 44 degrees or more and 54 degrees or less. 12. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the plurality of pixels have an array direction in which a plurality of sub-pixels are arrayed so as to repeat an order of a red pixel R, a green pixel G, and a blue pixel B, the quadrangular mesh cells are rhombic mesh cells, and the array direction and a direction along a bisector of the acute angles of the rhombic mesh cells match with each other. 13. The display device according to claim 12,
wherein the degree of the acute angles is 46 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. 14. The display device according to claim 13,
wherein a length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 248 μm or less. 15. The display device according to claim 14,
wherein the length of one side of the rhombus is 168 μm or more and 192 μm or less. 16. The display device according to claim 15,
wherein a line width of the thin metal wire is 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less. 17. The display device according to claim 12,
wherein two layers of the conductive layers are arranged on the transparent insulating substrate, and the plurality of thin metal wires of the two conductive layers are combined with each other to form the mesh pattern. 18. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the conductive member constitutes a touch panel. 19. The display device according to claim 11,
wherein the plurality of pixels are constituted by organic EL elements. 20. The display device according to claim 19,
wherein a pixel pitch of the plurality of pixels is 40 μm or more and 110 μm or less. | 1,700 |
349,510 | 350,384 | 16,853,978 | 1,761 | The method can include analyzing the composition of the particulate metal debris, including ascertaining a presence of at least one main alloy element and a presence or absence of at least one signature alloy element in the particulate debris; establishing a correlation between the particulate metal debris and a set of components, including matching the ascertained presence of the at least one main alloy element to a family of alloys from which the components of the set, including the source component, are made; and determining the source component amongst the components of the set, including matching the ascertained presence or absence of the at least one signature alloy element to an alloy composition of the source component. | 1. A method of identifying a source component of particulate metal debris collected from an aircraft engine, the method comprising:
analyzing the composition of the particulate metal debris, including ascertaining a presence of at least one main alloy element and a presence or absence of at least one signature alloy element in the particulate debris; establishing a correlation between the particulate metal debris and a set of components, including matching the ascertained presence of the at least one main alloy element to a family of alloys from which the components of the set, including the source component, are made; and determining the source component amongst the components of the set, including matching the ascertained presence or absence of the at least one signature alloy element to an alloy composition of the source component. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the steps of establishing and determining are performed by a computer, further comprising the computer generating a signal indicating the identity of the source component. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the analysing the composition includes measuring a concentration of the at least one main alloy element in the particle metal debris, and wherein the step of matching the ascertained presence of the at least one main alloy element includes comparing the measured concentration to at least one threshold value associated with a definition of the family of alloys. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the analyzing the composition includes measuring a concentration of the at least one signature alloy element in the particle metal debris, and wherein the step of matching the ascertained presence or absence of the at least one signature alloy element includes comparing the measured concentration to at least one threshold value associated with a definition of the of the source component alloy composition. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising collecting the particulate metal debris from the aircraft engine. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the particulate metal debris is collected by collecting dust from the aircraft engine. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the particulate metal debris is collected by a chip collector of the aircraft engine. 8. The method of claim 5 wherein the particulate metal debris is collected from a filter of the aircraft engine. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the analyzing includes performing oil analysis of oil from the aircraft engine. 10. A gas turbine engine comprising a set of components, the components of the set all being made of alloy compositions of the same alloy family having a common at least one main alloy element, the alloy compositions having distinct signatures in the form of a varying trace amount of one or more signature element, the distinct signatures varying from one component of the set to another. 11. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the set of components includes a plurality of components having the same function in the gas turbine engine, but located at different positions in the gas turbine engine. 12. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the components of the set are located at respective contact interfaces of the gas turbine engine. 13. The gas turbine engine of claim 12 wherein the contact interfaces are rotary interfaces where corresponding components can come into rubbing rotary contact with another. 14. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein each component of the set is one of a shaft, a bearing, a gear, and a shaft mounted feature. 15. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein all components of the set are one of shafts, bearings, accessory gears, and power gears. 16. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the alloy family is one of steel, stainless steel, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy. 17. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the one or more signature element is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, tungsten and platinum. 18. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the trace amount is of between 0.01% and 3% by weight. 19. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the trace amount is a weight percentage value which is above an impurity threshold, and below a material property alteration threshold for the corresponding signature element in the alloy type. 20. A method of identifying a source component of particulate debris collected from a gas turbine engine, the method comprising:
analyzing the composition of the particulate debris, including ascertaining a presence of at least one main element and a presence or absence of at least one signature element in the particulate debris; establishing a correlation between the particulate debris and a set of components, including matching the ascertained presence of the at least one main element to a type of material composition from which the components of the set, including the source component, are made; and determining the source component amongst the components of the set, including matching the ascertained presence or absence of the at least one signature element to a material composition of the source component. | The method can include analyzing the composition of the particulate metal debris, including ascertaining a presence of at least one main alloy element and a presence or absence of at least one signature alloy element in the particulate debris; establishing a correlation between the particulate metal debris and a set of components, including matching the ascertained presence of the at least one main alloy element to a family of alloys from which the components of the set, including the source component, are made; and determining the source component amongst the components of the set, including matching the ascertained presence or absence of the at least one signature alloy element to an alloy composition of the source component.1. A method of identifying a source component of particulate metal debris collected from an aircraft engine, the method comprising:
analyzing the composition of the particulate metal debris, including ascertaining a presence of at least one main alloy element and a presence or absence of at least one signature alloy element in the particulate debris; establishing a correlation between the particulate metal debris and a set of components, including matching the ascertained presence of the at least one main alloy element to a family of alloys from which the components of the set, including the source component, are made; and determining the source component amongst the components of the set, including matching the ascertained presence or absence of the at least one signature alloy element to an alloy composition of the source component. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the steps of establishing and determining are performed by a computer, further comprising the computer generating a signal indicating the identity of the source component. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the analysing the composition includes measuring a concentration of the at least one main alloy element in the particle metal debris, and wherein the step of matching the ascertained presence of the at least one main alloy element includes comparing the measured concentration to at least one threshold value associated with a definition of the family of alloys. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the analyzing the composition includes measuring a concentration of the at least one signature alloy element in the particle metal debris, and wherein the step of matching the ascertained presence or absence of the at least one signature alloy element includes comparing the measured concentration to at least one threshold value associated with a definition of the of the source component alloy composition. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising collecting the particulate metal debris from the aircraft engine. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the particulate metal debris is collected by collecting dust from the aircraft engine. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the particulate metal debris is collected by a chip collector of the aircraft engine. 8. The method of claim 5 wherein the particulate metal debris is collected from a filter of the aircraft engine. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the analyzing includes performing oil analysis of oil from the aircraft engine. 10. A gas turbine engine comprising a set of components, the components of the set all being made of alloy compositions of the same alloy family having a common at least one main alloy element, the alloy compositions having distinct signatures in the form of a varying trace amount of one or more signature element, the distinct signatures varying from one component of the set to another. 11. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the set of components includes a plurality of components having the same function in the gas turbine engine, but located at different positions in the gas turbine engine. 12. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the components of the set are located at respective contact interfaces of the gas turbine engine. 13. The gas turbine engine of claim 12 wherein the contact interfaces are rotary interfaces where corresponding components can come into rubbing rotary contact with another. 14. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein each component of the set is one of a shaft, a bearing, a gear, and a shaft mounted feature. 15. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein all components of the set are one of shafts, bearings, accessory gears, and power gears. 16. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the alloy family is one of steel, stainless steel, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy. 17. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the one or more signature element is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, tungsten and platinum. 18. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the trace amount is of between 0.01% and 3% by weight. 19. The gas turbine engine of claim 10 wherein the trace amount is a weight percentage value which is above an impurity threshold, and below a material property alteration threshold for the corresponding signature element in the alloy type. 20. A method of identifying a source component of particulate debris collected from a gas turbine engine, the method comprising:
analyzing the composition of the particulate debris, including ascertaining a presence of at least one main element and a presence or absence of at least one signature element in the particulate debris; establishing a correlation between the particulate debris and a set of components, including matching the ascertained presence of the at least one main element to a type of material composition from which the components of the set, including the source component, are made; and determining the source component amongst the components of the set, including matching the ascertained presence or absence of the at least one signature element to a material composition of the source component. | 1,700 |
349,511 | 350,385 | 16,854,055 | 1,799 | This invention is a bioreactor device adapted to improve air quality. The bioreactor consists of a base that houses the mechanical components and a vessel that holds liquid mixture of water, a photosynthetic microorganism, and a media. The bioreactor has an air pump which draws room air into the base of the device through an air filter. The bioreactor bubbles the air through the liquid mixture. Photosynthesis converts the carbon dioxide to oxygen. | 1. A photobioreactor device adapted to improve indoor air quality, the photobioreactor comprising:
a base, a liquid-holding vessel connected to the base, and a lid on the vessel; the base with a cavity having: an air pump, at least one air inlet, and a light source; wherein the air pump is positioned within the cavity, wherein the air inlet(s) are configured to permit the air pump to draw indoor air through the base into the pump, and wherein the light source is directed from the base into the vessel; the vessel configured to hold a liquid mixture and having a substantially cylindrical shape, an opening at the top of the vessel, and a bottom shaped to converge to a small opening, the small opening connected to a one-way valve, connected to the air pump; the liquid mixture comprising water, a photosynthetic microorganism, and a media; and the lid configured to attach to the top opening of the vessel. 2. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the vessel is separable from the base and the one-way valve connects with a tube connected to the air pump. 3. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein a dry-particle air filter is positioned within the base cavity and is connected to the air pump. 4. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises an incandescent bulb. 5. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises an LED. 6. The photobioreactor of claim 5, wherein the LED is powered via a low-voltage transformer. 7. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a fluorescent bulb. 8. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the lid is substantially dome-shaped. 9. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the lid is at least partly constructed of a material that permits gas exchange. 10. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the lid has a plurality of holes to drain liquid from the lid into the vessel. 11. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the photosynthetic microorganism is a type of microalgae. 12. A method of indoor air purification comprising:
growing a photosynthetic microorganism in a photobioreactor; producing oxygen through photosynthesis of the microorganism; percolating the indoor air through the photobioreactor; and removing airborne contaminants in the indoor air by interaction of the indoor air with the microorganism while circulating the microorganism through the photobioreactor. 13. The method of indoor air purification of claim 12, further comprising the step of filtering the indoor air through a dry-particle filter. | This invention is a bioreactor device adapted to improve air quality. The bioreactor consists of a base that houses the mechanical components and a vessel that holds liquid mixture of water, a photosynthetic microorganism, and a media. The bioreactor has an air pump which draws room air into the base of the device through an air filter. The bioreactor bubbles the air through the liquid mixture. Photosynthesis converts the carbon dioxide to oxygen.1. A photobioreactor device adapted to improve indoor air quality, the photobioreactor comprising:
a base, a liquid-holding vessel connected to the base, and a lid on the vessel; the base with a cavity having: an air pump, at least one air inlet, and a light source; wherein the air pump is positioned within the cavity, wherein the air inlet(s) are configured to permit the air pump to draw indoor air through the base into the pump, and wherein the light source is directed from the base into the vessel; the vessel configured to hold a liquid mixture and having a substantially cylindrical shape, an opening at the top of the vessel, and a bottom shaped to converge to a small opening, the small opening connected to a one-way valve, connected to the air pump; the liquid mixture comprising water, a photosynthetic microorganism, and a media; and the lid configured to attach to the top opening of the vessel. 2. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the vessel is separable from the base and the one-way valve connects with a tube connected to the air pump. 3. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein a dry-particle air filter is positioned within the base cavity and is connected to the air pump. 4. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises an incandescent bulb. 5. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises an LED. 6. The photobioreactor of claim 5, wherein the LED is powered via a low-voltage transformer. 7. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a fluorescent bulb. 8. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the lid is substantially dome-shaped. 9. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the lid is at least partly constructed of a material that permits gas exchange. 10. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the lid has a plurality of holes to drain liquid from the lid into the vessel. 11. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the photosynthetic microorganism is a type of microalgae. 12. A method of indoor air purification comprising:
growing a photosynthetic microorganism in a photobioreactor; producing oxygen through photosynthesis of the microorganism; percolating the indoor air through the photobioreactor; and removing airborne contaminants in the indoor air by interaction of the indoor air with the microorganism while circulating the microorganism through the photobioreactor. 13. The method of indoor air purification of claim 12, further comprising the step of filtering the indoor air through a dry-particle filter. | 1,700 |
349,512 | 350,386 | 16,853,994 | 1,799 | An exhaust system includes an exhaust pressure sensing system having sensor conduits structured to fluidly connect to an exhaust conduit in an exhaust system and feed exhaust to a differential pressure sensor. The differential pressure sensor produces a pressure signal indicative of a pressure drop across an exhaust aftertreatment element such as an exhaust filter. A plugging-mitigation conduit provides an always-open leakage path to convey condensate in a stream of leaked exhaust between the sensor conduits to prevent formation of deposits that can impact pressure sensing accuracy. | 1. An exhaust system comprising:
an exhaust conduit extending between an upstream exhaust inlet and a downstream exhaust outlet; an exhaust aftertreatment device positioned fluidly within the exhaust conduit and structured to treat exhaust conveyed from the upstream exhaust inlet to the downstream exhaust outlet; an exhaust pressure sensor; a sensor conduit including an inlet end fluidly connected to the exhaust conduit at an exhaust feed location that is fluidly between the upstream exhaust inlet and the exhaust aftertreatment device, and a sensing end, and the sensor conduit extending to the exhaust pressure sensor to expose the exhaust pressure sensor to a fluid pressure of the exhaust; and a plugging-mitigation conduit fluidly connected to the sensor conduit at an exhaust leakage location that is fluidly between the inlet end and the sensing end and forming an always-open leakage path from the sensor conduit. 2. The exhaust system of claim 1 wherein the sensor conduit is fluidly connected to the exhaust conduit at a location upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device. 3. The exhaust system of claim 2 wherein the exhaust aftertreatment device includes a filter medium in a particulate filter assembly. 4. The exhaust system of claim 2 wherein the always-open leakage path connects to the exhaust conduit at a location downstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device. 5. The exhaust system of claim 4 wherein the exhaust pressure sensor includes a differential pressure sensor, and further comprising a downstream sensor conduit fluidly connected to the exhaust conduit at a location downstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device and extending to the pressure sensor. 6. The exhaust system of claim 5 wherein the plugging-mitigation conduit is fluidly connected to the downstream sensor conduit. 7. An exhaust pressure sensing system comprising:
an upstream sensor conduit including a first inlet end structured to fluidly connect to an exhaust conduit at an upstream location, and a first sensing end opposite to the first inlet end; a downstream sensor conduit including a second inlet end structured to fluidly connect to the exhaust conduit at a downstream location, and a second sensing end opposite to the second inlet end; a differential pressure sensor including at least one sensing element exposed to a fluid pressure of the upstream sensor conduit and to a fluid pressure of the downstream sensor conduit at the respective first sensing end and second sensing end, and the differential pressure sensor being configured to produce a pressure signal indicative of a pressure difference between an exhaust pressure of the upstream sensor conduit at the first inlet end and an exhaust pressure of the downstream sensor conduit at the second inlet end; and a plugging-mitigation conduit fluidly connected to the upstream sensor conduit and to the downstream sensor conduit, the plugging-mitigation conduit including a flow restriction fluidly between the upstream sensor conduit and the downstream sensor conduit, and forming an always-open leakage path to convey condensate in a stream of leaked exhaust from the upstream sensor conduit to the downstream sensor conduit. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the at least one sensing element includes a diaphragm exposed to the fluid pressure of the upstream sensor conduit and to the fluid pressure of the downstream sensor conduit, and a strain gauge operably coupled to the diaphragm. 9. The system of claim 8 further comprising a service package containing the upstream sensor conduit, the downstream sensor conduit, the differential pressure sensor, and the plugging-mitigation conduit. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the plugging-mitigation conduit fluidly connects to the upstream sensor conduit at a first connection location that is closer to the first sensing end than to the first inlet end, and fluidly connects to the downstream sensor conduit at a second connection location that is closer to the second sensing end than to the second inlet end. 11. The system of claim 10 wherein each of the upstream sensor conduit and the downstream sensor conduit has a larger line size, and the plugging-mitigation conduit has a smaller line size that forms the flow restriction. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein a ratio of the larger line size to the smaller line size is at least 5:1. 13. The system of claim 10 wherein the plugging-mitigation conduit includes an orifice plate that forms the flow restriction. 14. A method of exhaust pressure sensing in an exhaust system comprising:
fluidly connecting a sensor conduit to an exhaust conduit in the exhaust system; fluidly connecting a plugging-mitigation conduit to the sensor conduit so as to form a leakage path from the sensor conduit; feeding exhaust from the exhaust conduit into the sensor conduit from a first location of the exhaust conduit that is upstream of an exhaust aftertreatment device, such that a fluid pressure of the exhaust fed into the sensor conduit from the first location impinges upon an exhaust pressure sensor; feeding exhaust from the exhaust conduit into the sensor conduit from a second location of the exhaust conduit that is downstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device such that a fluid pressure of the exhaust fed into the sensor conduit from the second location impinges upon the exhaust pressure sensor; leaking exhaust out of the sensor conduit through the exhaust leakage path; conveying condensate out of the sensor conduit with the leaked exhaust; returning the leaked exhaust and the conveyed condensate to the exhaust conduit; and producing an exhaust pressure signal with the exhaust pressure sensor. 15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 14 wherein the producing of an exhaust pressure signal further includes producing an exhaust pressure signal that is indicative of an exhaust pressure drop across the exhaust aftertreatment device. 17. The method of claim 14 further comprising fluidly connecting the plugging-mitigation conduit to the exhaust conduit at a location that is downstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the fluidly connecting of the plugging-mitigation conduit includes fluidly connecting the plugging-mitigation conduit to a downstream sensor conduit. 19. The method of claim 14 further comprising swapping an assembly including the sensor conduit, the exhaust pressure sensor, and the plugging-mitigation conduit for an assembly of a used sensor conduit and a used exhaust pressure sensor, in the exhaust system. | An exhaust system includes an exhaust pressure sensing system having sensor conduits structured to fluidly connect to an exhaust conduit in an exhaust system and feed exhaust to a differential pressure sensor. The differential pressure sensor produces a pressure signal indicative of a pressure drop across an exhaust aftertreatment element such as an exhaust filter. A plugging-mitigation conduit provides an always-open leakage path to convey condensate in a stream of leaked exhaust between the sensor conduits to prevent formation of deposits that can impact pressure sensing accuracy.1. An exhaust system comprising:
an exhaust conduit extending between an upstream exhaust inlet and a downstream exhaust outlet; an exhaust aftertreatment device positioned fluidly within the exhaust conduit and structured to treat exhaust conveyed from the upstream exhaust inlet to the downstream exhaust outlet; an exhaust pressure sensor; a sensor conduit including an inlet end fluidly connected to the exhaust conduit at an exhaust feed location that is fluidly between the upstream exhaust inlet and the exhaust aftertreatment device, and a sensing end, and the sensor conduit extending to the exhaust pressure sensor to expose the exhaust pressure sensor to a fluid pressure of the exhaust; and a plugging-mitigation conduit fluidly connected to the sensor conduit at an exhaust leakage location that is fluidly between the inlet end and the sensing end and forming an always-open leakage path from the sensor conduit. 2. The exhaust system of claim 1 wherein the sensor conduit is fluidly connected to the exhaust conduit at a location upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device. 3. The exhaust system of claim 2 wherein the exhaust aftertreatment device includes a filter medium in a particulate filter assembly. 4. The exhaust system of claim 2 wherein the always-open leakage path connects to the exhaust conduit at a location downstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device. 5. The exhaust system of claim 4 wherein the exhaust pressure sensor includes a differential pressure sensor, and further comprising a downstream sensor conduit fluidly connected to the exhaust conduit at a location downstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device and extending to the pressure sensor. 6. The exhaust system of claim 5 wherein the plugging-mitigation conduit is fluidly connected to the downstream sensor conduit. 7. An exhaust pressure sensing system comprising:
an upstream sensor conduit including a first inlet end structured to fluidly connect to an exhaust conduit at an upstream location, and a first sensing end opposite to the first inlet end; a downstream sensor conduit including a second inlet end structured to fluidly connect to the exhaust conduit at a downstream location, and a second sensing end opposite to the second inlet end; a differential pressure sensor including at least one sensing element exposed to a fluid pressure of the upstream sensor conduit and to a fluid pressure of the downstream sensor conduit at the respective first sensing end and second sensing end, and the differential pressure sensor being configured to produce a pressure signal indicative of a pressure difference between an exhaust pressure of the upstream sensor conduit at the first inlet end and an exhaust pressure of the downstream sensor conduit at the second inlet end; and a plugging-mitigation conduit fluidly connected to the upstream sensor conduit and to the downstream sensor conduit, the plugging-mitigation conduit including a flow restriction fluidly between the upstream sensor conduit and the downstream sensor conduit, and forming an always-open leakage path to convey condensate in a stream of leaked exhaust from the upstream sensor conduit to the downstream sensor conduit. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the at least one sensing element includes a diaphragm exposed to the fluid pressure of the upstream sensor conduit and to the fluid pressure of the downstream sensor conduit, and a strain gauge operably coupled to the diaphragm. 9. The system of claim 8 further comprising a service package containing the upstream sensor conduit, the downstream sensor conduit, the differential pressure sensor, and the plugging-mitigation conduit. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the plugging-mitigation conduit fluidly connects to the upstream sensor conduit at a first connection location that is closer to the first sensing end than to the first inlet end, and fluidly connects to the downstream sensor conduit at a second connection location that is closer to the second sensing end than to the second inlet end. 11. The system of claim 10 wherein each of the upstream sensor conduit and the downstream sensor conduit has a larger line size, and the plugging-mitigation conduit has a smaller line size that forms the flow restriction. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein a ratio of the larger line size to the smaller line size is at least 5:1. 13. The system of claim 10 wherein the plugging-mitigation conduit includes an orifice plate that forms the flow restriction. 14. A method of exhaust pressure sensing in an exhaust system comprising:
fluidly connecting a sensor conduit to an exhaust conduit in the exhaust system; fluidly connecting a plugging-mitigation conduit to the sensor conduit so as to form a leakage path from the sensor conduit; feeding exhaust from the exhaust conduit into the sensor conduit from a first location of the exhaust conduit that is upstream of an exhaust aftertreatment device, such that a fluid pressure of the exhaust fed into the sensor conduit from the first location impinges upon an exhaust pressure sensor; feeding exhaust from the exhaust conduit into the sensor conduit from a second location of the exhaust conduit that is downstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device such that a fluid pressure of the exhaust fed into the sensor conduit from the second location impinges upon the exhaust pressure sensor; leaking exhaust out of the sensor conduit through the exhaust leakage path; conveying condensate out of the sensor conduit with the leaked exhaust; returning the leaked exhaust and the conveyed condensate to the exhaust conduit; and producing an exhaust pressure signal with the exhaust pressure sensor. 15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 14 wherein the producing of an exhaust pressure signal further includes producing an exhaust pressure signal that is indicative of an exhaust pressure drop across the exhaust aftertreatment device. 17. The method of claim 14 further comprising fluidly connecting the plugging-mitigation conduit to the exhaust conduit at a location that is downstream of the exhaust aftertreatment device. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the fluidly connecting of the plugging-mitigation conduit includes fluidly connecting the plugging-mitigation conduit to a downstream sensor conduit. 19. The method of claim 14 further comprising swapping an assembly including the sensor conduit, the exhaust pressure sensor, and the plugging-mitigation conduit for an assembly of a used sensor conduit and a used exhaust pressure sensor, in the exhaust system. | 1,700 |
349,513 | 350,387 | 16,854,039 | 2,683 | A remote keyless entry system includes an in-vehicle device including an in-vehicle device controller, an in-vehicle device transmitter that transmits an in-vehicle device signal, and an in-vehicle device receiver that receives a portable device signal, and a portable device including a portable device controller, an acceleration sensor, a portable device receiver, and a portable device transmitter, wherein the portable device controller calculates a distance from the in-vehicle device to the portable device based on the in-vehicle device signal, calculates a first travel distance based on acceleration, and causes the portable device transmitter to transmit the portable device signal including at least the distance, the in-vehicle device controller receives the portable device signal multiple times and calculates a second travel distance based on distances included in received portable device signals, and whether a relay attack is performed is determined based on the first travel distance and the second travel distance. | 1. A remote keyless entry system comprising:
an in-vehicle device including an in-vehicle device controller, an in-vehicle device transmitter configured to transmit an in-vehicle device signal, and an in-vehicle device receiver configured to receive a portable device signal; and a portable device including a portable device controller, an acceleration sensor, a portable device receiver configured to receive the in-vehicle device signal, and a portable device transmitter configured to transmit the portable device signal, wherein the portable device controller calculates distance from the in-vehicle device to the portable device based on the in-vehicle device signal, calculates a first travel distance of the portable device based on acceleration measured by the acceleration sensor, and causes the portable device transmitter to transmit the portable device signal including at least the distance, wherein the in-vehicle device controller receives the portable device signal a plurality of times and calculates a second travel distance of the portable device based on distances included in received portable device signals, and wherein whether a relay attack is performed is determined based on the first travel distance and the second travel distance. 2. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the in-vehicle device controller and the portable device controller determines that the relay attack is performed when a difference between the first travel distance and the second travel distance is greater than or equal to a first threshold. 3. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the in-vehicle device further includes an in-vehicle device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the portable device further includes a portable device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the portable device controller calculates a height of the portable device based on atmospheric pressure measured by the portable device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the in-vehicle device controller calculates a height of the in-vehicle device based on atmospheric pressure measured by the in-vehicle device atmospheric pressure sensor, and wherein whether the relay attack is performed is determined based on the height of the portable device and the height of the in-vehicle device. 4. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the in-vehicle device controller and the portable device controller determines that the relay attack is performed when a difference between the height of the portable device and the height of the in-vehicle device is greater than or equal to a second threshold. | A remote keyless entry system includes an in-vehicle device including an in-vehicle device controller, an in-vehicle device transmitter that transmits an in-vehicle device signal, and an in-vehicle device receiver that receives a portable device signal, and a portable device including a portable device controller, an acceleration sensor, a portable device receiver, and a portable device transmitter, wherein the portable device controller calculates a distance from the in-vehicle device to the portable device based on the in-vehicle device signal, calculates a first travel distance based on acceleration, and causes the portable device transmitter to transmit the portable device signal including at least the distance, the in-vehicle device controller receives the portable device signal multiple times and calculates a second travel distance based on distances included in received portable device signals, and whether a relay attack is performed is determined based on the first travel distance and the second travel distance.1. A remote keyless entry system comprising:
an in-vehicle device including an in-vehicle device controller, an in-vehicle device transmitter configured to transmit an in-vehicle device signal, and an in-vehicle device receiver configured to receive a portable device signal; and a portable device including a portable device controller, an acceleration sensor, a portable device receiver configured to receive the in-vehicle device signal, and a portable device transmitter configured to transmit the portable device signal, wherein the portable device controller calculates distance from the in-vehicle device to the portable device based on the in-vehicle device signal, calculates a first travel distance of the portable device based on acceleration measured by the acceleration sensor, and causes the portable device transmitter to transmit the portable device signal including at least the distance, wherein the in-vehicle device controller receives the portable device signal a plurality of times and calculates a second travel distance of the portable device based on distances included in received portable device signals, and wherein whether a relay attack is performed is determined based on the first travel distance and the second travel distance. 2. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the in-vehicle device controller and the portable device controller determines that the relay attack is performed when a difference between the first travel distance and the second travel distance is greater than or equal to a first threshold. 3. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the in-vehicle device further includes an in-vehicle device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the portable device further includes a portable device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the portable device controller calculates a height of the portable device based on atmospheric pressure measured by the portable device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the in-vehicle device controller calculates a height of the in-vehicle device based on atmospheric pressure measured by the in-vehicle device atmospheric pressure sensor, and wherein whether the relay attack is performed is determined based on the height of the portable device and the height of the in-vehicle device. 4. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the in-vehicle device controller and the portable device controller determines that the relay attack is performed when a difference between the height of the portable device and the height of the in-vehicle device is greater than or equal to a second threshold. | 2,600 |
349,514 | 350,388 | 16,854,042 | 3,673 | A remote keyless entry system includes an in-vehicle device including an in-vehicle device controller, an in-vehicle device transmitter that transmits an in-vehicle device signal, and an in-vehicle device receiver that receives a portable device signal, and a portable device including a portable device controller, an acceleration sensor, a portable device receiver, and a portable device transmitter, wherein the portable device controller calculates a distance from the in-vehicle device to the portable device based on the in-vehicle device signal, calculates a first travel distance based on acceleration, and causes the portable device transmitter to transmit the portable device signal including at least the distance, the in-vehicle device controller receives the portable device signal multiple times and calculates a second travel distance based on distances included in received portable device signals, and whether a relay attack is performed is determined based on the first travel distance and the second travel distance. | 1. A remote keyless entry system comprising:
an in-vehicle device including an in-vehicle device controller, an in-vehicle device transmitter configured to transmit an in-vehicle device signal, and an in-vehicle device receiver configured to receive a portable device signal; and a portable device including a portable device controller, an acceleration sensor, a portable device receiver configured to receive the in-vehicle device signal, and a portable device transmitter configured to transmit the portable device signal, wherein the portable device controller calculates distance from the in-vehicle device to the portable device based on the in-vehicle device signal, calculates a first travel distance of the portable device based on acceleration measured by the acceleration sensor, and causes the portable device transmitter to transmit the portable device signal including at least the distance, wherein the in-vehicle device controller receives the portable device signal a plurality of times and calculates a second travel distance of the portable device based on distances included in received portable device signals, and wherein whether a relay attack is performed is determined based on the first travel distance and the second travel distance. 2. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the in-vehicle device controller and the portable device controller determines that the relay attack is performed when a difference between the first travel distance and the second travel distance is greater than or equal to a first threshold. 3. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the in-vehicle device further includes an in-vehicle device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the portable device further includes a portable device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the portable device controller calculates a height of the portable device based on atmospheric pressure measured by the portable device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the in-vehicle device controller calculates a height of the in-vehicle device based on atmospheric pressure measured by the in-vehicle device atmospheric pressure sensor, and wherein whether the relay attack is performed is determined based on the height of the portable device and the height of the in-vehicle device. 4. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the in-vehicle device controller and the portable device controller determines that the relay attack is performed when a difference between the height of the portable device and the height of the in-vehicle device is greater than or equal to a second threshold. | A remote keyless entry system includes an in-vehicle device including an in-vehicle device controller, an in-vehicle device transmitter that transmits an in-vehicle device signal, and an in-vehicle device receiver that receives a portable device signal, and a portable device including a portable device controller, an acceleration sensor, a portable device receiver, and a portable device transmitter, wherein the portable device controller calculates a distance from the in-vehicle device to the portable device based on the in-vehicle device signal, calculates a first travel distance based on acceleration, and causes the portable device transmitter to transmit the portable device signal including at least the distance, the in-vehicle device controller receives the portable device signal multiple times and calculates a second travel distance based on distances included in received portable device signals, and whether a relay attack is performed is determined based on the first travel distance and the second travel distance.1. A remote keyless entry system comprising:
an in-vehicle device including an in-vehicle device controller, an in-vehicle device transmitter configured to transmit an in-vehicle device signal, and an in-vehicle device receiver configured to receive a portable device signal; and a portable device including a portable device controller, an acceleration sensor, a portable device receiver configured to receive the in-vehicle device signal, and a portable device transmitter configured to transmit the portable device signal, wherein the portable device controller calculates distance from the in-vehicle device to the portable device based on the in-vehicle device signal, calculates a first travel distance of the portable device based on acceleration measured by the acceleration sensor, and causes the portable device transmitter to transmit the portable device signal including at least the distance, wherein the in-vehicle device controller receives the portable device signal a plurality of times and calculates a second travel distance of the portable device based on distances included in received portable device signals, and wherein whether a relay attack is performed is determined based on the first travel distance and the second travel distance. 2. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the in-vehicle device controller and the portable device controller determines that the relay attack is performed when a difference between the first travel distance and the second travel distance is greater than or equal to a first threshold. 3. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the in-vehicle device further includes an in-vehicle device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the portable device further includes a portable device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the portable device controller calculates a height of the portable device based on atmospheric pressure measured by the portable device atmospheric pressure sensor, wherein the in-vehicle device controller calculates a height of the in-vehicle device based on atmospheric pressure measured by the in-vehicle device atmospheric pressure sensor, and wherein whether the relay attack is performed is determined based on the height of the portable device and the height of the in-vehicle device. 4. The remote keyless entry system as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the in-vehicle device controller and the portable device controller determines that the relay attack is performed when a difference between the height of the portable device and the height of the in-vehicle device is greater than or equal to a second threshold. | 3,600 |
349,515 | 350,389 | 16,854,034 | 3,673 | Systems and methods for reducing or inhibiting an inflammatory response in a patient include a source of energy and one or more electrodes coupled to the source of energy and positionable near a vagus nerve of the patient to deliver the electrical impulse to the vagus nerve. The electrical impulse is sufficient to either inhibit a release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-alpha, or increase an anti-inflammatory competence of a cytokine, such as TGF-beta, in the patient, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response. The electrical impulse may be delivered transcutaneously and non-invasively through an outer skin surface of the patient to the vagus nerve. | 1. A method of treating a patient exhibiting an inflammatory response, the method comprising:
emitting an electrical impulse near a vagus nerve within the patient; and wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to inhibit an inflammatory response in the patient. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to inhibit a release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the cytokine includes a tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to increase an anti-inflammatory competence of a cytokine in the patient. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cytokine includes a tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to activate a sympathetic fiber in a splenic nerve of the patient and causes the sympathetic fiber to release an amount of norepinephrine into a spleen of the patient and thereby cause a release of an amount of acetylcholine. 7. The method of claim 7, wherein the amount of acetylcholine is released to activate an alpha 7 nicotinic Ach receptor on a macrophage in the spleen to block a transcription factor that promotes at least some inflammation in the patient. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
positioning a contact surface of a housing in contact with an outer skin surface of the patient;
generating an electric current within the housing;
transmitting the electric current transcutaneously and non-invasively from the contact surface through the outer skin surface of the patient such that an electrical impulse is generated at or near the vagus nerve. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the housing comprises an energy source that generates the electric current. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse comprises bursts of 2-20 pulses with each of the bursts having a frequency of about 5 Hz to about 100 Hz. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein each of the pulses has a duration of about 50 microseconds to about 1000 microseconds. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein each burst comprises 5 pulses and each pulse has a duration of approximately 200 microseconds. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the electric current is transmitted through the outer skin surface of a neck of the patient. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse is applied to the patient according to a treatment paradigm based at least in part on an application of the electrical impulse as a single dose from 2 to 5 times per day. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the single dose is from about 60 seconds to about three minutes. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the inflammatory response is associated with an autoimmune disease or disorder. 17. A device for treating a patient exhibiting an inflammatory response, the device comprising:
a source of energy for emitting an electrical impulse sufficient to inhibit an inflammatory response in the patient; and one or more electrodes coupled to the source of energy and positionable near a vagus nerve of the patient to deliver the electrical impulse to the vagus nerve. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to inhibit a release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the cytokine includes a tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha. 20. The device of claim 17, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to increase an anti-inflammatory competence of a cytokine in the patient. 21. The device of claim 20, wherein the cytokine includes a tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta. 22. The device of claim 17, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to activate a sympathetic fiber in a splenic nerve of the patient and causes the sympathetic fiber to release an amount of norepinephrine into a spleen of the patient and thereby cause a release of an amount of acetylcholine. 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the amount of acetylcholine is released to activate an alpha 7 nicotinic Ach receptor on a macrophage in the spleen to block a transcription factor that promotes at least some inflammation in the patient. 24. The device of claim 17 further comprising a housing coupled to the source of energy and having a contact surface for contacting an outer skin surface of a neck of a patient, wherein the source of energy transmits the electrical impulse transcutaneously and non-invasively from the contact surface through the outer skin surface at or near the vagus nerve within the patient. 25. The device of claim 24, wherein the source of energy generates an electric current within the housing. 26. The device of claim 17, wherein the electrical impulse comprises bursts of 2-20 pulses with each of the bursts having a frequency of about 5 Hz to about 100 Hz. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein each of the pulses has a duration of about 50 to 100 microseconds. 28. The device of claim 26, wherein each burst comprises 5 pulses and each pulse has a duration of approximately 200 microseconds. 29. The device of claim 17, wherein the inflammatory response is associated with an autoimmune disease or disorder. | Systems and methods for reducing or inhibiting an inflammatory response in a patient include a source of energy and one or more electrodes coupled to the source of energy and positionable near a vagus nerve of the patient to deliver the electrical impulse to the vagus nerve. The electrical impulse is sufficient to either inhibit a release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-alpha, or increase an anti-inflammatory competence of a cytokine, such as TGF-beta, in the patient, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response. The electrical impulse may be delivered transcutaneously and non-invasively through an outer skin surface of the patient to the vagus nerve.1. A method of treating a patient exhibiting an inflammatory response, the method comprising:
emitting an electrical impulse near a vagus nerve within the patient; and wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to inhibit an inflammatory response in the patient. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to inhibit a release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the cytokine includes a tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to increase an anti-inflammatory competence of a cytokine in the patient. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cytokine includes a tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to activate a sympathetic fiber in a splenic nerve of the patient and causes the sympathetic fiber to release an amount of norepinephrine into a spleen of the patient and thereby cause a release of an amount of acetylcholine. 7. The method of claim 7, wherein the amount of acetylcholine is released to activate an alpha 7 nicotinic Ach receptor on a macrophage in the spleen to block a transcription factor that promotes at least some inflammation in the patient. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
positioning a contact surface of a housing in contact with an outer skin surface of the patient;
generating an electric current within the housing;
transmitting the electric current transcutaneously and non-invasively from the contact surface through the outer skin surface of the patient such that an electrical impulse is generated at or near the vagus nerve. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the housing comprises an energy source that generates the electric current. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse comprises bursts of 2-20 pulses with each of the bursts having a frequency of about 5 Hz to about 100 Hz. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein each of the pulses has a duration of about 50 microseconds to about 1000 microseconds. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein each burst comprises 5 pulses and each pulse has a duration of approximately 200 microseconds. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the electric current is transmitted through the outer skin surface of a neck of the patient. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical impulse is applied to the patient according to a treatment paradigm based at least in part on an application of the electrical impulse as a single dose from 2 to 5 times per day. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the single dose is from about 60 seconds to about three minutes. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the inflammatory response is associated with an autoimmune disease or disorder. 17. A device for treating a patient exhibiting an inflammatory response, the device comprising:
a source of energy for emitting an electrical impulse sufficient to inhibit an inflammatory response in the patient; and one or more electrodes coupled to the source of energy and positionable near a vagus nerve of the patient to deliver the electrical impulse to the vagus nerve. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to inhibit a release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the cytokine includes a tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha. 20. The device of claim 17, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to increase an anti-inflammatory competence of a cytokine in the patient. 21. The device of claim 20, wherein the cytokine includes a tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta. 22. The device of claim 17, wherein the electrical impulse is sufficient to activate a sympathetic fiber in a splenic nerve of the patient and causes the sympathetic fiber to release an amount of norepinephrine into a spleen of the patient and thereby cause a release of an amount of acetylcholine. 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the amount of acetylcholine is released to activate an alpha 7 nicotinic Ach receptor on a macrophage in the spleen to block a transcription factor that promotes at least some inflammation in the patient. 24. The device of claim 17 further comprising a housing coupled to the source of energy and having a contact surface for contacting an outer skin surface of a neck of a patient, wherein the source of energy transmits the electrical impulse transcutaneously and non-invasively from the contact surface through the outer skin surface at or near the vagus nerve within the patient. 25. The device of claim 24, wherein the source of energy generates an electric current within the housing. 26. The device of claim 17, wherein the electrical impulse comprises bursts of 2-20 pulses with each of the bursts having a frequency of about 5 Hz to about 100 Hz. 27. The device of claim 26, wherein each of the pulses has a duration of about 50 to 100 microseconds. 28. The device of claim 26, wherein each burst comprises 5 pulses and each pulse has a duration of approximately 200 microseconds. 29. The device of claim 17, wherein the inflammatory response is associated with an autoimmune disease or disorder. | 3,600 |
349,516 | 350,390 | 16,854,022 | 3,673 | Resonance Raman scatter is used to differentiate in quasi-real time (QRT) anomalous tissue from adjacent normal tissue. The fingerprint generated from the tissue by a 1 second pulse of 532 nm emission for approximately one second is collected and is relayed by fiber-optic to a computerized controller that determines whether the target tissue is anomalous or normal. If anomalous it is ablated. This is performed by a pattern of Resonance Raman diagnostic emission and diagnostic sensor fibers. This diagnostic/therapeutic pattern of fibers can be moved by a joystick or robotically controlled. The data received by the computer is examined instantly, and should the site be diagnosed as anomalous, the optical biopsy/ablation is repeated immediately and repeated until the site is read as normal. Novel arrays of the diagnostic and therapeutic energies ensure a 3D anomalous tissue free zone around the removal site. | 1. A medical device for diagnosing and treating anomalous tissue comprising a first source for directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a tissue target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS); a second source for directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue target site to produce ablation of tissue; detecting means for detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the tissue; determining means for determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of anomalous tissue; activation means for activating said second source for directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue issuing said Raman scatter to ablate the tissue only when the tissue is determined to be anomalous. 2. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said first source emits radiation having a wavelength for producing RRS in organic molecules including excitation radiation having a wavelength approximately equal to 532 mm. 3. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said excitation and therapeutic radiations are delivered to said target site through fiber optic light conduits arranged in a pattern to create a clear tissue zone in a circumscribed perimeter of a lesion suitable for creating a template that can be used to create a custom skin graft for closure of the lesion. 4. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising directing means for propagating said excitation radiation to selected portions of the tissue at the target site. 5. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said directing means includes a probe. 6. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said directing means includes a confocal microscope. 7. A medical device as defined in claim 4, further comprising an array producing device interposed between said radiation sources and said directing means. 8. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said detecting means comprises a sensor for sensing resonance Raman energy emitted by the tissue being examined and a spectrometer for analyzing the Raman scatter to establish a detected fingerprint identifying the nature of the tissue. 9. A medical device as defined in claim 8, wherein said determining means comprises a computer and a database stored on said computer containing at least one reference fingerprint associated with an anomalous tissue, said computer being programmed to compare said detected fingerprint against said at least one reference fingerprint in said database. 10. A medical device as defined in claim 8, wherein a fiber optic conduit transmits RRS information to said sensor. 11. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising a robotic controller programmed to repeatedly actuate said first source. 12. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said activation means includes a controller and further comprising a robot system responding to said controller and configured to move a probe or confocal microscope in relationship to the tissue, wherein the controller is programmed to repeatedly actuate said sources to emit said diagnostic excitation radiation; and in, response to a control signal, emit said treating or therapeutic radiation to initiate ablation modes and then move either the probe or the microscope beam arrays appropriately to a next successive portion of the tissue. 13. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said excitation and therapeutic radiations are delivered to said target site through fiber optic light conduits arranged in a pattern to maximize efficiency of detection and ablation of anomalous tissue. 14. A medical device as defined in claim 9, wherein said computer is programmed to control a robotic controller to move to next adjacent areas of the targeted tissue if the tissue is determined to be normal or ablate to a depth of anomalous tissue until normal tissue is detected. 15. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising means for disabling said second source when normal tissue is detected without displacements of said diagnostic excitation radiation. 16. A medical device as defined in claim 13, wherein said fiber optic light conduits are arranged to form an array of optical fibers that expose a predetermined portion of the target tissue to said radiations. 17. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said determining means includes means for delineating a peripheral clear zone circumscribing a lesion, and for moving said directing means over at least portions of the target tissue within said peripheral clear zone. 18. A medical device as defined in claim 17, wherein said directing means includes means for directing said radiations along tracks within said peripheral clear zone until the entire area therein has been analyzed. 19. A medical device as defined in claim 11, further comprising a robot system responding to the controller, and configured to move the probe or confocal microscope in relationship to the tissue, wherein the controller is programmed and repeatedly actuates the energy source to emit the excitation beam; and in response to the control signal, actuate the energy source of the therapeutic energy, and at least one of the therapeutic or diagnostic ablation modes and then actuate the control mechanism to move either the probe or the microscope beam arrays appropriately. 20. A method of diagnosing and treating anomalous tissue comprising the steps of directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a tissue target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS); directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue target site to produce ablation of tissue; detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the tissue; determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of anomalous tissue; directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue issuing said Raman scatter to ablate the tissue only when the tissue is determined to be anomalous. 21. A method as defined in claim 20, further comprising the use of a robot system for successively moving beams of said radiations in a programmed manner in relationship to the tissue to repeatedly expose successive portions of the tissue within a peripheral clear zone region free of anomalous tissue to emit said diagnostic excitation radiation; and in, response to a control signal, emit said treating or therapeutic radiation to initiate ablation modes and then move either of said beams appropriately to a next successive portion of the tissue until the entire area within said region has been examined and treated as necessary. 22. A method as defined in claim 21, comprising the step of removing of anomalous tissue previously treated in any conventional way including laser surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, radiation or chemotherapy. 23. A medical device for diagnosing and eliminating or compromising organic micro-organisms, including viruses, on the surface of infected tissue comprising a first source for directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS) representative of the organic micro-organisms; a second source for directing UVC radiation at the target site surface to destroy or compromise detected micro-organisms; detecting means for detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the organic micro-organisms; determining means for determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of the presence of a micro-organism sought to be destroyed or compromised; activation means for activating said second source for directing UVC radiation at the organic micro-organisms issuing said Raman scatter to destroy or compromise the organic micro-organisms only when these are determined to be the organic micro-organisms sought to be destroyed or compromised. | Resonance Raman scatter is used to differentiate in quasi-real time (QRT) anomalous tissue from adjacent normal tissue. The fingerprint generated from the tissue by a 1 second pulse of 532 nm emission for approximately one second is collected and is relayed by fiber-optic to a computerized controller that determines whether the target tissue is anomalous or normal. If anomalous it is ablated. This is performed by a pattern of Resonance Raman diagnostic emission and diagnostic sensor fibers. This diagnostic/therapeutic pattern of fibers can be moved by a joystick or robotically controlled. The data received by the computer is examined instantly, and should the site be diagnosed as anomalous, the optical biopsy/ablation is repeated immediately and repeated until the site is read as normal. Novel arrays of the diagnostic and therapeutic energies ensure a 3D anomalous tissue free zone around the removal site.1. A medical device for diagnosing and treating anomalous tissue comprising a first source for directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a tissue target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS); a second source for directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue target site to produce ablation of tissue; detecting means for detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the tissue; determining means for determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of anomalous tissue; activation means for activating said second source for directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue issuing said Raman scatter to ablate the tissue only when the tissue is determined to be anomalous. 2. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said first source emits radiation having a wavelength for producing RRS in organic molecules including excitation radiation having a wavelength approximately equal to 532 mm. 3. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said excitation and therapeutic radiations are delivered to said target site through fiber optic light conduits arranged in a pattern to create a clear tissue zone in a circumscribed perimeter of a lesion suitable for creating a template that can be used to create a custom skin graft for closure of the lesion. 4. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising directing means for propagating said excitation radiation to selected portions of the tissue at the target site. 5. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said directing means includes a probe. 6. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said directing means includes a confocal microscope. 7. A medical device as defined in claim 4, further comprising an array producing device interposed between said radiation sources and said directing means. 8. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said detecting means comprises a sensor for sensing resonance Raman energy emitted by the tissue being examined and a spectrometer for analyzing the Raman scatter to establish a detected fingerprint identifying the nature of the tissue. 9. A medical device as defined in claim 8, wherein said determining means comprises a computer and a database stored on said computer containing at least one reference fingerprint associated with an anomalous tissue, said computer being programmed to compare said detected fingerprint against said at least one reference fingerprint in said database. 10. A medical device as defined in claim 8, wherein a fiber optic conduit transmits RRS information to said sensor. 11. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising a robotic controller programmed to repeatedly actuate said first source. 12. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said activation means includes a controller and further comprising a robot system responding to said controller and configured to move a probe or confocal microscope in relationship to the tissue, wherein the controller is programmed to repeatedly actuate said sources to emit said diagnostic excitation radiation; and in, response to a control signal, emit said treating or therapeutic radiation to initiate ablation modes and then move either the probe or the microscope beam arrays appropriately to a next successive portion of the tissue. 13. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said excitation and therapeutic radiations are delivered to said target site through fiber optic light conduits arranged in a pattern to maximize efficiency of detection and ablation of anomalous tissue. 14. A medical device as defined in claim 9, wherein said computer is programmed to control a robotic controller to move to next adjacent areas of the targeted tissue if the tissue is determined to be normal or ablate to a depth of anomalous tissue until normal tissue is detected. 15. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising means for disabling said second source when normal tissue is detected without displacements of said diagnostic excitation radiation. 16. A medical device as defined in claim 13, wherein said fiber optic light conduits are arranged to form an array of optical fibers that expose a predetermined portion of the target tissue to said radiations. 17. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said determining means includes means for delineating a peripheral clear zone circumscribing a lesion, and for moving said directing means over at least portions of the target tissue within said peripheral clear zone. 18. A medical device as defined in claim 17, wherein said directing means includes means for directing said radiations along tracks within said peripheral clear zone until the entire area therein has been analyzed. 19. A medical device as defined in claim 11, further comprising a robot system responding to the controller, and configured to move the probe or confocal microscope in relationship to the tissue, wherein the controller is programmed and repeatedly actuates the energy source to emit the excitation beam; and in response to the control signal, actuate the energy source of the therapeutic energy, and at least one of the therapeutic or diagnostic ablation modes and then actuate the control mechanism to move either the probe or the microscope beam arrays appropriately. 20. A method of diagnosing and treating anomalous tissue comprising the steps of directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a tissue target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS); directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue target site to produce ablation of tissue; detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the tissue; determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of anomalous tissue; directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue issuing said Raman scatter to ablate the tissue only when the tissue is determined to be anomalous. 21. A method as defined in claim 20, further comprising the use of a robot system for successively moving beams of said radiations in a programmed manner in relationship to the tissue to repeatedly expose successive portions of the tissue within a peripheral clear zone region free of anomalous tissue to emit said diagnostic excitation radiation; and in, response to a control signal, emit said treating or therapeutic radiation to initiate ablation modes and then move either of said beams appropriately to a next successive portion of the tissue until the entire area within said region has been examined and treated as necessary. 22. A method as defined in claim 21, comprising the step of removing of anomalous tissue previously treated in any conventional way including laser surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, radiation or chemotherapy. 23. A medical device for diagnosing and eliminating or compromising organic micro-organisms, including viruses, on the surface of infected tissue comprising a first source for directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS) representative of the organic micro-organisms; a second source for directing UVC radiation at the target site surface to destroy or compromise detected micro-organisms; detecting means for detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the organic micro-organisms; determining means for determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of the presence of a micro-organism sought to be destroyed or compromised; activation means for activating said second source for directing UVC radiation at the organic micro-organisms issuing said Raman scatter to destroy or compromise the organic micro-organisms only when these are determined to be the organic micro-organisms sought to be destroyed or compromised. | 3,600 |
349,517 | 350,391 | 16,854,050 | 3,673 | Resonance Raman scatter is used to differentiate in quasi-real time (QRT) anomalous tissue from adjacent normal tissue. The fingerprint generated from the tissue by a 1 second pulse of 532 nm emission for approximately one second is collected and is relayed by fiber-optic to a computerized controller that determines whether the target tissue is anomalous or normal. If anomalous it is ablated. This is performed by a pattern of Resonance Raman diagnostic emission and diagnostic sensor fibers. This diagnostic/therapeutic pattern of fibers can be moved by a joystick or robotically controlled. The data received by the computer is examined instantly, and should the site be diagnosed as anomalous, the optical biopsy/ablation is repeated immediately and repeated until the site is read as normal. Novel arrays of the diagnostic and therapeutic energies ensure a 3D anomalous tissue free zone around the removal site. | 1. A medical device for diagnosing and treating anomalous tissue comprising a first source for directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a tissue target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS); a second source for directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue target site to produce ablation of tissue; detecting means for detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the tissue; determining means for determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of anomalous tissue; activation means for activating said second source for directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue issuing said Raman scatter to ablate the tissue only when the tissue is determined to be anomalous. 2. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said first source emits radiation having a wavelength for producing RRS in organic molecules including excitation radiation having a wavelength approximately equal to 532 mm. 3. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said excitation and therapeutic radiations are delivered to said target site through fiber optic light conduits arranged in a pattern to create a clear tissue zone in a circumscribed perimeter of a lesion suitable for creating a template that can be used to create a custom skin graft for closure of the lesion. 4. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising directing means for propagating said excitation radiation to selected portions of the tissue at the target site. 5. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said directing means includes a probe. 6. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said directing means includes a confocal microscope. 7. A medical device as defined in claim 4, further comprising an array producing device interposed between said radiation sources and said directing means. 8. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said detecting means comprises a sensor for sensing resonance Raman energy emitted by the tissue being examined and a spectrometer for analyzing the Raman scatter to establish a detected fingerprint identifying the nature of the tissue. 9. A medical device as defined in claim 8, wherein said determining means comprises a computer and a database stored on said computer containing at least one reference fingerprint associated with an anomalous tissue, said computer being programmed to compare said detected fingerprint against said at least one reference fingerprint in said database. 10. A medical device as defined in claim 8, wherein a fiber optic conduit transmits RRS information to said sensor. 11. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising a robotic controller programmed to repeatedly actuate said first source. 12. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said activation means includes a controller and further comprising a robot system responding to said controller and configured to move a probe or confocal microscope in relationship to the tissue, wherein the controller is programmed to repeatedly actuate said sources to emit said diagnostic excitation radiation; and in, response to a control signal, emit said treating or therapeutic radiation to initiate ablation modes and then move either the probe or the microscope beam arrays appropriately to a next successive portion of the tissue. 13. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said excitation and therapeutic radiations are delivered to said target site through fiber optic light conduits arranged in a pattern to maximize efficiency of detection and ablation of anomalous tissue. 14. A medical device as defined in claim 9, wherein said computer is programmed to control a robotic controller to move to next adjacent areas of the targeted tissue if the tissue is determined to be normal or ablate to a depth of anomalous tissue until normal tissue is detected. 15. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising means for disabling said second source when normal tissue is detected without displacements of said diagnostic excitation radiation. 16. A medical device as defined in claim 13, wherein said fiber optic light conduits are arranged to form an array of optical fibers that expose a predetermined portion of the target tissue to said radiations. 17. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said determining means includes means for delineating a peripheral clear zone circumscribing a lesion, and for moving said directing means over at least portions of the target tissue within said peripheral clear zone. 18. A medical device as defined in claim 17, wherein said directing means includes means for directing said radiations along tracks within said peripheral clear zone until the entire area therein has been analyzed. 19. A medical device as defined in claim 11, further comprising a robot system responding to the controller, and configured to move the probe or confocal microscope in relationship to the tissue, wherein the controller is programmed and repeatedly actuates the energy source to emit the excitation beam; and in response to the control signal, actuate the energy source of the therapeutic energy, and at least one of the therapeutic or diagnostic ablation modes and then actuate the control mechanism to move either the probe or the microscope beam arrays appropriately. 20. A method of diagnosing and treating anomalous tissue comprising the steps of directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a tissue target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS); directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue target site to produce ablation of tissue; detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the tissue; determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of anomalous tissue; directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue issuing said Raman scatter to ablate the tissue only when the tissue is determined to be anomalous. 21. A method as defined in claim 20, further comprising the use of a robot system for successively moving beams of said radiations in a programmed manner in relationship to the tissue to repeatedly expose successive portions of the tissue within a peripheral clear zone region free of anomalous tissue to emit said diagnostic excitation radiation; and in, response to a control signal, emit said treating or therapeutic radiation to initiate ablation modes and then move either of said beams appropriately to a next successive portion of the tissue until the entire area within said region has been examined and treated as necessary. 22. A method as defined in claim 21, comprising the step of removing of anomalous tissue previously treated in any conventional way including laser surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, radiation or chemotherapy. 23. A medical device for diagnosing and eliminating or compromising organic micro-organisms, including viruses, on the surface of infected tissue comprising a first source for directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS) representative of the organic micro-organisms; a second source for directing UVC radiation at the target site surface to destroy or compromise detected micro-organisms; detecting means for detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the organic micro-organisms; determining means for determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of the presence of a micro-organism sought to be destroyed or compromised; activation means for activating said second source for directing UVC radiation at the organic micro-organisms issuing said Raman scatter to destroy or compromise the organic micro-organisms only when these are determined to be the organic micro-organisms sought to be destroyed or compromised. | Resonance Raman scatter is used to differentiate in quasi-real time (QRT) anomalous tissue from adjacent normal tissue. The fingerprint generated from the tissue by a 1 second pulse of 532 nm emission for approximately one second is collected and is relayed by fiber-optic to a computerized controller that determines whether the target tissue is anomalous or normal. If anomalous it is ablated. This is performed by a pattern of Resonance Raman diagnostic emission and diagnostic sensor fibers. This diagnostic/therapeutic pattern of fibers can be moved by a joystick or robotically controlled. The data received by the computer is examined instantly, and should the site be diagnosed as anomalous, the optical biopsy/ablation is repeated immediately and repeated until the site is read as normal. Novel arrays of the diagnostic and therapeutic energies ensure a 3D anomalous tissue free zone around the removal site.1. A medical device for diagnosing and treating anomalous tissue comprising a first source for directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a tissue target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS); a second source for directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue target site to produce ablation of tissue; detecting means for detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the tissue; determining means for determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of anomalous tissue; activation means for activating said second source for directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue issuing said Raman scatter to ablate the tissue only when the tissue is determined to be anomalous. 2. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said first source emits radiation having a wavelength for producing RRS in organic molecules including excitation radiation having a wavelength approximately equal to 532 mm. 3. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said excitation and therapeutic radiations are delivered to said target site through fiber optic light conduits arranged in a pattern to create a clear tissue zone in a circumscribed perimeter of a lesion suitable for creating a template that can be used to create a custom skin graft for closure of the lesion. 4. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising directing means for propagating said excitation radiation to selected portions of the tissue at the target site. 5. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said directing means includes a probe. 6. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said directing means includes a confocal microscope. 7. A medical device as defined in claim 4, further comprising an array producing device interposed between said radiation sources and said directing means. 8. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said detecting means comprises a sensor for sensing resonance Raman energy emitted by the tissue being examined and a spectrometer for analyzing the Raman scatter to establish a detected fingerprint identifying the nature of the tissue. 9. A medical device as defined in claim 8, wherein said determining means comprises a computer and a database stored on said computer containing at least one reference fingerprint associated with an anomalous tissue, said computer being programmed to compare said detected fingerprint against said at least one reference fingerprint in said database. 10. A medical device as defined in claim 8, wherein a fiber optic conduit transmits RRS information to said sensor. 11. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising a robotic controller programmed to repeatedly actuate said first source. 12. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said activation means includes a controller and further comprising a robot system responding to said controller and configured to move a probe or confocal microscope in relationship to the tissue, wherein the controller is programmed to repeatedly actuate said sources to emit said diagnostic excitation radiation; and in, response to a control signal, emit said treating or therapeutic radiation to initiate ablation modes and then move either the probe or the microscope beam arrays appropriately to a next successive portion of the tissue. 13. A medical device as defined in claim 1, wherein said excitation and therapeutic radiations are delivered to said target site through fiber optic light conduits arranged in a pattern to maximize efficiency of detection and ablation of anomalous tissue. 14. A medical device as defined in claim 9, wherein said computer is programmed to control a robotic controller to move to next adjacent areas of the targeted tissue if the tissue is determined to be normal or ablate to a depth of anomalous tissue until normal tissue is detected. 15. A medical device as defined in claim 1, further comprising means for disabling said second source when normal tissue is detected without displacements of said diagnostic excitation radiation. 16. A medical device as defined in claim 13, wherein said fiber optic light conduits are arranged to form an array of optical fibers that expose a predetermined portion of the target tissue to said radiations. 17. A medical device as defined in claim 4, wherein said determining means includes means for delineating a peripheral clear zone circumscribing a lesion, and for moving said directing means over at least portions of the target tissue within said peripheral clear zone. 18. A medical device as defined in claim 17, wherein said directing means includes means for directing said radiations along tracks within said peripheral clear zone until the entire area therein has been analyzed. 19. A medical device as defined in claim 11, further comprising a robot system responding to the controller, and configured to move the probe or confocal microscope in relationship to the tissue, wherein the controller is programmed and repeatedly actuates the energy source to emit the excitation beam; and in response to the control signal, actuate the energy source of the therapeutic energy, and at least one of the therapeutic or diagnostic ablation modes and then actuate the control mechanism to move either the probe or the microscope beam arrays appropriately. 20. A method of diagnosing and treating anomalous tissue comprising the steps of directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a tissue target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS); directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue target site to produce ablation of tissue; detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the tissue; determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of anomalous tissue; directing treating or therapeutic radiation at the tissue issuing said Raman scatter to ablate the tissue only when the tissue is determined to be anomalous. 21. A method as defined in claim 20, further comprising the use of a robot system for successively moving beams of said radiations in a programmed manner in relationship to the tissue to repeatedly expose successive portions of the tissue within a peripheral clear zone region free of anomalous tissue to emit said diagnostic excitation radiation; and in, response to a control signal, emit said treating or therapeutic radiation to initiate ablation modes and then move either of said beams appropriately to a next successive portion of the tissue until the entire area within said region has been examined and treated as necessary. 22. A method as defined in claim 21, comprising the step of removing of anomalous tissue previously treated in any conventional way including laser surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, radiation or chemotherapy. 23. A medical device for diagnosing and eliminating or compromising organic micro-organisms, including viruses, on the surface of infected tissue comprising a first source for directing diagnostic excitation radiation at a target site to produce resonance Raman scattering (RRS) representative of the organic micro-organisms; a second source for directing UVC radiation at the target site surface to destroy or compromise detected micro-organisms; detecting means for detecting Raman scatter at said target site when diagnostic excitation impinges on the organic micro-organisms; determining means for determining whether said detected Raman scatter is indicative of the presence of a micro-organism sought to be destroyed or compromised; activation means for activating said second source for directing UVC radiation at the organic micro-organisms issuing said Raman scatter to destroy or compromise the organic micro-organisms only when these are determined to be the organic micro-organisms sought to be destroyed or compromised. | 3,600 |
349,518 | 350,392 | 16,854,046 | 3,673 | The invention relates to a vehicle seat having a seat part and a backrest part, which comprises a lower backrest part and an upper backrest part arranged adjacent thereto in the vertical direction of the vehicle seat, a displacement device being arranged with a first section, which is fixedly connected to the lower backrest part, and with a second section, which is fixedly connected to the upper backrest part, the second section being completely displaceable together with the upper backrest part relative to the lower backrest part by means of a displacement movement directed at least in part in the width direction of the vehicle seat, the first section being arranged completely below the upper backrest part in the vertical direction and forming a guideway for the displacement movement of the second section. | 1. A vehicle seat having a seat part and a backrest part, which comprises a lower backrest part and an upper backrest part arranged adjacent thereto in the vertical direction of the vehicle seat,
a displacement device being arranged with a first section, which is fixedly connected to the lower backrest part, and with a second section, which is fixedly connected to the upper backrest part, wherein the second section together with the upper backrest part is completely displaceable with respect to the lower backrest part by means of a displacement movement directed at least in part in the width direction of the vehicle seat, the first section being arranged completely below the upper backrest part in the vertical direction and forming a guideway for the displacement movement of the second section. 2. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the guideway is formed by means of at least one guide element extending in the width direction of the vehicle seat. 3. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the guideway is configured by means of two guide elements which are arranged at a distance from one another in the vertical direction of the vehicle seat. 4. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the guideway is arranged running in the width direction and in the vertical direction and/or in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle seat. 5. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the second section has a support portion which is rigidly connected to the upper backrest part and is connected to a sliding portion of the second section, the sliding portion being connected to the first section and being mounted so as to be movable relative thereto. 6. The vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein the sliding portion is mounted relative to the at least one guide element of the first section by means of sliding guide elements and/or roller guide elements. 7. The vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein a lower region of the support portion is arranged adjacent to the sliding portion in the longitudinal direction of the seat. 8. The vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein the support portion is guidable in a recess arranged on an upper element of a frame portion of the lower backrest part during the displacement movement of the upper backrest part. 9. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the displacement movement of the upper backrest part starting from a non-displaced home position of the upper backrest part can only be initiated in a single direction or in two directions. 10. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein a frame portion of the lower backrest part has at least one side part which forms a stop element for the displacement movement of the upper backrest part. 11. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the frame portion of the lower backrest part has at least one side part by means of which the at least one guide element is mounted. 12. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein a ratio between a total width of the lower backrest part and a total width of the upper backrest part has a value in a range of from 1 to 3. 13. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein a ratio between a total width of the lower backrest part and a total width of the upper backrest part is equal to 2. | The invention relates to a vehicle seat having a seat part and a backrest part, which comprises a lower backrest part and an upper backrest part arranged adjacent thereto in the vertical direction of the vehicle seat, a displacement device being arranged with a first section, which is fixedly connected to the lower backrest part, and with a second section, which is fixedly connected to the upper backrest part, the second section being completely displaceable together with the upper backrest part relative to the lower backrest part by means of a displacement movement directed at least in part in the width direction of the vehicle seat, the first section being arranged completely below the upper backrest part in the vertical direction and forming a guideway for the displacement movement of the second section.1. A vehicle seat having a seat part and a backrest part, which comprises a lower backrest part and an upper backrest part arranged adjacent thereto in the vertical direction of the vehicle seat,
a displacement device being arranged with a first section, which is fixedly connected to the lower backrest part, and with a second section, which is fixedly connected to the upper backrest part, wherein the second section together with the upper backrest part is completely displaceable with respect to the lower backrest part by means of a displacement movement directed at least in part in the width direction of the vehicle seat, the first section being arranged completely below the upper backrest part in the vertical direction and forming a guideway for the displacement movement of the second section. 2. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the guideway is formed by means of at least one guide element extending in the width direction of the vehicle seat. 3. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the guideway is configured by means of two guide elements which are arranged at a distance from one another in the vertical direction of the vehicle seat. 4. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the guideway is arranged running in the width direction and in the vertical direction and/or in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle seat. 5. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the second section has a support portion which is rigidly connected to the upper backrest part and is connected to a sliding portion of the second section, the sliding portion being connected to the first section and being mounted so as to be movable relative thereto. 6. The vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein the sliding portion is mounted relative to the at least one guide element of the first section by means of sliding guide elements and/or roller guide elements. 7. The vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein a lower region of the support portion is arranged adjacent to the sliding portion in the longitudinal direction of the seat. 8. The vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein the support portion is guidable in a recess arranged on an upper element of a frame portion of the lower backrest part during the displacement movement of the upper backrest part. 9. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the displacement movement of the upper backrest part starting from a non-displaced home position of the upper backrest part can only be initiated in a single direction or in two directions. 10. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein a frame portion of the lower backrest part has at least one side part which forms a stop element for the displacement movement of the upper backrest part. 11. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the frame portion of the lower backrest part has at least one side part by means of which the at least one guide element is mounted. 12. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein a ratio between a total width of the lower backrest part and a total width of the upper backrest part has a value in a range of from 1 to 3. 13. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein a ratio between a total width of the lower backrest part and a total width of the upper backrest part is equal to 2. | 3,600 |
349,519 | 350,393 | 16,854,033 | 3,673 | A method of performing a computation using a quantum computer includes generating a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the plurality of trapped ions having two frequency-separated states defining a qubit, and applying the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. Generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse includes stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. | 1. A method of performing a computation using a quantum computer, comprising:
generating a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the plurality of trapped ions having two frequency-separated states defining a qubit, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse comprises:
stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction; and
applying the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse further comprises:
stabilizing phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions comprises:
adjusting a first amplitude and a first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and a second amplitude and a second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse based on variations of the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions with respect to fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the first amplitude is equal to the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is equal to the second detuning frequency value. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the first amplitude is different from the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is different from the second detuning frequency value. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the first amplitude and the first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and the second amplitude and the second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse are adjusted further based on power provided to the first and second trapped ions by the first and second laser pulses. 7. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
modifying the first amplitude of the first laser pulse and the second amplitude of the second laser pulse to calibrate the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that intensities of the first and second laser pulses fluctuate. 8. The method according to claim 1, further applying a broadband laser pulse sequence to stabilize the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that a coupling strength of the first and second trapped ions fluctuates with the collective motional modes. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including computer program instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
generate a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the plurality of trapped ions having two frequency-separated states defining a qubit, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse comprises:
stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction; and
apply the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse further comprises:
stabilizing phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions comprises:
adjusting a first amplitude and a first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and a second amplitude and a second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse based on variations of the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions with respect to fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein
the first amplitude is equal to the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is equal to the second detuning frequency value. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein
the first amplitude is different from the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is different from the second detuning frequency value. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein
the first amplitude and the first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and the second amplitude and the second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse are adjusted further based on power provided to the first and second trapped ions by the first and second laser pulses. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the processor to:
modify the first amplitude of the first laser pulse and the second amplitude of the second laser pulse to calibrate the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that intensities of the first and second laser pulses fluctuate. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the processor to:
apply a broadband laser pulse sequence to stabilize the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that a coupling strength of the first and second trapped ions fluctuates with the collective motional modes. 17. A quantum computing system, comprising:
a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the trapped ions having two hyperfine states defining a qubit; and a controller comprising non-volatile memory having a number of instructions stored therein which, when executed by a processor, causes the quantum computing system to perform operations comprising:
generating a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of the plurality of trapped ions, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse comprises:
stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction; and
applying the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. 18. The quantum computing system according to claim 17, wherein
each of the trapped ions is 171Yb+ having the 2S1/2 hyperfine states. 19. The quantum computing system according to claim 17, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse further comprises:
stabilizing phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 20. The quantum computing system according to claim 19, wherein stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions comprises:
adjusting a first amplitude and a first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and a second amplitude and a second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse based on variations of the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions with respect to fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 21. The quantum computing system according to claim 20, wherein
the first amplitude is equal to the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is equal to the second detuning frequency value. 22. The quantum computing system according to claim 20, wherein
the first amplitude is different from the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is different from the second detuning frequency value. 23. The quantum computing system according to claim 20, wherein
the first amplitude and the first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and the second amplitude and the second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse are adjusted further based on power provided to the first and second trapped ions by the first and second laser pulses. 24. The quantum computing system according to claim 20, wherein the operations further comprise:
modifying the first amplitude of the first laser pulse and the second amplitude of the second laser pulse to calibrate the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that intensities of the first and second laser pulses fluctuate. 25. The quantum computing system according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
applying a broadband laser pulse sequence to stabilize the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that a coupling strength of the first and second trapped ions fluctuates with the collective motional modes. | A method of performing a computation using a quantum computer includes generating a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the plurality of trapped ions having two frequency-separated states defining a qubit, and applying the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. Generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse includes stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction.1. A method of performing a computation using a quantum computer, comprising:
generating a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the plurality of trapped ions having two frequency-separated states defining a qubit, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse comprises:
stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction; and
applying the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse further comprises:
stabilizing phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions comprises:
adjusting a first amplitude and a first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and a second amplitude and a second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse based on variations of the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions with respect to fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the first amplitude is equal to the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is equal to the second detuning frequency value. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the first amplitude is different from the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is different from the second detuning frequency value. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the first amplitude and the first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and the second amplitude and the second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse are adjusted further based on power provided to the first and second trapped ions by the first and second laser pulses. 7. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
modifying the first amplitude of the first laser pulse and the second amplitude of the second laser pulse to calibrate the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that intensities of the first and second laser pulses fluctuate. 8. The method according to claim 1, further applying a broadband laser pulse sequence to stabilize the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that a coupling strength of the first and second trapped ions fluctuates with the collective motional modes. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including computer program instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
generate a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the plurality of trapped ions having two frequency-separated states defining a qubit, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse comprises:
stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction; and
apply the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse further comprises:
stabilizing phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions comprises:
adjusting a first amplitude and a first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and a second amplitude and a second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse based on variations of the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions with respect to fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein
the first amplitude is equal to the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is equal to the second detuning frequency value. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein
the first amplitude is different from the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is different from the second detuning frequency value. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein
the first amplitude and the first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and the second amplitude and the second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse are adjusted further based on power provided to the first and second trapped ions by the first and second laser pulses. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the processor to:
modify the first amplitude of the first laser pulse and the second amplitude of the second laser pulse to calibrate the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that intensities of the first and second laser pulses fluctuate. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the computer program instructions further cause the processor to:
apply a broadband laser pulse sequence to stabilize the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that a coupling strength of the first and second trapped ions fluctuates with the collective motional modes. 17. A quantum computing system, comprising:
a plurality of trapped ions that are aligned in a first direction, each of the trapped ions having two hyperfine states defining a qubit; and a controller comprising non-volatile memory having a number of instructions stored therein which, when executed by a processor, causes the quantum computing system to perform operations comprising:
generating a first laser pulse and a second laser pulse to cause entanglement interaction between a first trapped ion and a second trapped ion of the plurality of trapped ions, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse comprises:
stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in frequencies of collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction; and
applying the generated first laser pulse to the first trapped ion and the generated second laser pulse to the second trapped ion. 18. The quantum computing system according to claim 17, wherein
each of the trapped ions is 171Yb+ having the 2S1/2 hyperfine states. 19. The quantum computing system according to claim 17, wherein generating the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse further comprises:
stabilizing phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions against fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 20. The quantum computing system according to claim 19, wherein stabilizing the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions comprises:
adjusting a first amplitude and a first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and a second amplitude and a second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse based on variations of the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions and the phase space trajectories of the first and second trapped ions with respect to fluctuations in the frequencies of the collective motional modes of the plurality of trapped ions in the second direction. 21. The quantum computing system according to claim 20, wherein
the first amplitude is equal to the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is equal to the second detuning frequency value. 22. The quantum computing system according to claim 20, wherein
the first amplitude is different from the second amplitude, and the first detuning frequency value is different from the second detuning frequency value. 23. The quantum computing system according to claim 20, wherein
the first amplitude and the first detuning frequency value of the first laser pulse, and the second amplitude and the second detuning frequency value of the second laser pulse are adjusted further based on power provided to the first and second trapped ions by the first and second laser pulses. 24. The quantum computing system according to claim 20, wherein the operations further comprise:
modifying the first amplitude of the first laser pulse and the second amplitude of the second laser pulse to calibrate the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that intensities of the first and second laser pulses fluctuate. 25. The quantum computing system according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
applying a broadband laser pulse sequence to stabilize the entanglement interaction between the first and second trapped ions when it is determined that a coupling strength of the first and second trapped ions fluctuates with the collective motional modes. | 3,600 |
349,520 | 350,394 | 16,854,072 | 3,673 | A fabricating system includes a discharger, a measuring device, and a control device. The discharger is configured to discharge a fabricating material to perform fabrication. The measuring device is configured to measure a physical quantity at least related to a discharge resistance arising when the fabricating material is discharged from the discharger. The control device is configured to control a supply amount of the fabricating material supplied to the discharger based on the physical quantity measured by the measuring device. | 1. A fabricating system comprising:
a discharger configured to discharge a fabricating material to perform fabrication; a measuring device configured to measure a physical quantity at least related to a discharge resistance arising when the fabricating material is discharged from the discharger; and a control device configured to control a supply amount of the fabricating material supplied to the discharger based on the physical quantity measured by the measuring device. 2. The fabricating system according to claim 1,
wherein the control device is configured to perform feedback control for operating the supply amount of the fabricating material so that the physical quantity measured by the measuring device becomes a target value. 3. The fabricating system according to claim 1, further comprising a feeding mechanism including a power generator to feed the fabricating material to the discharger, wherein the measuring device is configured to measure a torque of the power generator of the feeding mechanism as the physical quantity. 4. The fabricating system according to claim 1, further comprising a feeder that is mechanically independent of the discharger and includes a feeding mechanism configured to feed the fabricating material to the discharger, wherein the measuring device is configured to measure, as the physical quantity, a reaction force received by the feeder from the discharger via the fabricating material. 5. The fabricating system according to claim 1,
wherein the discharger includes a liquid chamber configured to store the fabricating material in a liquid state, and the measuring device is configured to measure an internal pressure of the liquid chamber as the physical quantity. 6. The fabricating system according to claim 1,
wherein the control device is configured to: calculate a reference supply amount of the fabricating material based on tool path data; calculate, based on the reference supply amount, a target value for approximating the physical quantity measured by the measuring device; and adjust the supply amount of the fabricating material based on the reference supply amount of the fabricating material and a difference between the physical quantity measured by the measuring device and the target value. 7. The fabricating system according to claim 1,
wherein the fabricating system includes a three-dimensional fabricating apparatus of a fused deposition fabricating system, the fabricating material is a resin material, and the discharger is a discharge nozzle included in a fabricating head of the three-dimensional fabricating apparatus, to discharge the resin material in a molten state. 8. A control device for controlling a fabricating apparatus configured to discharge a fabricating material to perform fabrication, the control device comprising processing circuitry configured to:
cause a measuring device to measure a physical quantity at least related to a discharge resistance arising when the fabricating material is discharged from a discharger of the fabricating apparatus; and control a supply amount of the fabricating material supplied to the discharger based on the physical quantity measured by the measuring device. 9. The control device according to claim 8, wherein the physical quantity is a magnitude of resistance for discharging the fabricating material from the discharger, a torque in feeding of the fabricating material, a reaction force in response to feeding of the fabricating material, or a nozzle internal pressure in response to feeding of the fabricating material. 10. A fabricating method comprising:
discharging a fabricating material from a discharger to perform fabrication; measuring, with a measuring device, a physical quantity at least related to a discharge resistance in discharging the fabricating material; and operating a supply amount of the fabricating material supplied to the discharger, based on the physical quantity measured by the measuring device. | A fabricating system includes a discharger, a measuring device, and a control device. The discharger is configured to discharge a fabricating material to perform fabrication. The measuring device is configured to measure a physical quantity at least related to a discharge resistance arising when the fabricating material is discharged from the discharger. The control device is configured to control a supply amount of the fabricating material supplied to the discharger based on the physical quantity measured by the measuring device.1. A fabricating system comprising:
a discharger configured to discharge a fabricating material to perform fabrication; a measuring device configured to measure a physical quantity at least related to a discharge resistance arising when the fabricating material is discharged from the discharger; and a control device configured to control a supply amount of the fabricating material supplied to the discharger based on the physical quantity measured by the measuring device. 2. The fabricating system according to claim 1,
wherein the control device is configured to perform feedback control for operating the supply amount of the fabricating material so that the physical quantity measured by the measuring device becomes a target value. 3. The fabricating system according to claim 1, further comprising a feeding mechanism including a power generator to feed the fabricating material to the discharger, wherein the measuring device is configured to measure a torque of the power generator of the feeding mechanism as the physical quantity. 4. The fabricating system according to claim 1, further comprising a feeder that is mechanically independent of the discharger and includes a feeding mechanism configured to feed the fabricating material to the discharger, wherein the measuring device is configured to measure, as the physical quantity, a reaction force received by the feeder from the discharger via the fabricating material. 5. The fabricating system according to claim 1,
wherein the discharger includes a liquid chamber configured to store the fabricating material in a liquid state, and the measuring device is configured to measure an internal pressure of the liquid chamber as the physical quantity. 6. The fabricating system according to claim 1,
wherein the control device is configured to: calculate a reference supply amount of the fabricating material based on tool path data; calculate, based on the reference supply amount, a target value for approximating the physical quantity measured by the measuring device; and adjust the supply amount of the fabricating material based on the reference supply amount of the fabricating material and a difference between the physical quantity measured by the measuring device and the target value. 7. The fabricating system according to claim 1,
wherein the fabricating system includes a three-dimensional fabricating apparatus of a fused deposition fabricating system, the fabricating material is a resin material, and the discharger is a discharge nozzle included in a fabricating head of the three-dimensional fabricating apparatus, to discharge the resin material in a molten state. 8. A control device for controlling a fabricating apparatus configured to discharge a fabricating material to perform fabrication, the control device comprising processing circuitry configured to:
cause a measuring device to measure a physical quantity at least related to a discharge resistance arising when the fabricating material is discharged from a discharger of the fabricating apparatus; and control a supply amount of the fabricating material supplied to the discharger based on the physical quantity measured by the measuring device. 9. The control device according to claim 8, wherein the physical quantity is a magnitude of resistance for discharging the fabricating material from the discharger, a torque in feeding of the fabricating material, a reaction force in response to feeding of the fabricating material, or a nozzle internal pressure in response to feeding of the fabricating material. 10. A fabricating method comprising:
discharging a fabricating material from a discharger to perform fabrication; measuring, with a measuring device, a physical quantity at least related to a discharge resistance in discharging the fabricating material; and operating a supply amount of the fabricating material supplied to the discharger, based on the physical quantity measured by the measuring device. | 3,600 |
349,521 | 350,395 | 16,854,056 | 3,673 | A cloud network may include a distributed security switch (DSS). The DSS may be to receive configuration information from the hypervisor. The configuration information may include a set of access mode attributes and a security policy. The DSS may be to determine that a packet is to be directed from a source virtual machine to a target virtual machine. The DSS may be to identify an egress interface of the source virtual machine and an ingress interface of the target virtual machine. The egress interface may be associated with a first access mode attribute and the ingress interface being associated with a second access mode attribute. The DSS may be to selectively route the packet, using the shared memory, based on the first access mode attribute, the second access mode attribute, and the security policy. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising:
identifying a packet in shared memory of an egress interface of a source virtual machine of a first cloud network of a set of cloud networks; enforcing a security policy on the packet, using computing resources of the source virtual machine, based on an access mode relating to the packet and a security policy configuration relating to the set of cloud networks; and selectively routing the packet, using the computing resources of the source virtual machine and the shared memory, to a target virtual machine of a second cloud network of the set of cloud networks based on enforcing the security policy,
the target virtual machine to obtain the packet from the shared memory, and
the second cloud network being different from the first cloud network. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
performing a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; performing an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determining, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is not included in the L2 table; and where selectively routing the packet comprises:
broadcasting the packet to a set of interfaces of the set of cloud networks based on determining that the destination MAC address is not included in the L2 table,
the set of interfaces including an ingress interface of the target virtual machine and excluding the egress interface of the source virtual machine. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
performing a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; performing an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determining, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is included in the L2 table; and where selectively routing the packet comprises:
transferring the packet to an ingress interface of the target virtual machine based on the destination MAC address. 24. The method of claim 21, where enforcing the security policy comprises:
determining that the packet is not to be blocked; and where selectively routing the packet comprises:
routing the packet based on determining that the packet is not to be blocked. 25. The method of claim 21, where enforcing the security policy comprises:
determining that the packet is blocked; and where selectively routing the packet comprises:
dropping the packet based on determining that the packet is blocked. 26. The method of claim 21, where selectively routing the packet comprises:
selectively routing the packet using a hypervisor of the set of cloud networks. 27. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
performing media access control (MAC) address learning when selectively routing the packet to identify a MAC address; storing the MAC address; and utilizing the MAC address to route a subsequent packet. 28. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
identify a packet in shared memory of an egress interface of a source virtual machine of a first cloud network of a set of cloud networks;
enforce a security policy on the packet, using computing resources of the source virtual machine, based on an access mode relating to the packet and a security policy configuration relating to the set of cloud networks; and
selectively route the packet, using the computing resources of the source virtual machine and the shared memory, to a target virtual machine of a second cloud network of the set of cloud networks based on enforcing the security policy,
the target virtual machine to obtain the packet from the shared memory, and
the second cloud network being different from the first cloud network. 29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
perform a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; perform an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determine, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is not included in the L2 table; and where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
broadcast the packet to a set of interfaces of the set of cloud networks based on determining that the destination MAC address is not included in the L2 table,
the set of interfaces including an ingress interface of the target virtual machine and excluding the egress interface of the source virtual machine. 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
perform a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; perform an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determine, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is included in the L2 table; and where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
transfer the packet to an ingress interface of the target virtual machine based on the destination MAC address. 31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to enforce the security policy, cause the one or more processors to:
determine that the packet is not to be blocked; and where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
route the packet based on determining that the packet is not to be blocked. 32. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to enforce the security policy, cause the one or more processors to:
determine that the packet is blocked; and where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
drop the packet based on determining that the packet is blocked. 33. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
selectively route the packet using a hypervisor of the set of cloud networks. 34. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
perform media access control (MAC) address learning when selectively routing the packet to identify a MAC address; store the MAC address; and utilize the MAC address to route a subsequent packet. 35. A device comprising:
one or more memories; and one or more processors to:
identify a packet in shared memory of an egress interface of a source virtual machine of a first cloud network of a set of cloud networks;
enforce a security policy on the packet, using computing resources of the source virtual machine, based on an access mode relating to the packet and a security policy configuration relating to the set of cloud networks; and
selectively route the packet, using the computing resources of the source virtual machine and the shared memory, to a target virtual machine of a second cloud network of the set of cloud networks based on enforcing the security policy,
the target virtual machine to obtain the packet from the shared memory, and
the second cloud network being different from the first cloud network. 36. The device of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors are further to:
perform a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; perform an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determine, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is not included in the L2 table; and where the one or more processors, when selectively routing the packet, are to:
broadcast the packet to a set of interfaces of the set of cloud networks based on determining that the destination MAC address is not included in the L2 table,
the set of interfaces including an ingress interface of the target virtual machine and excluding the egress interface of the source virtual machine. 37. The device of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors are further to:
perform a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; perform an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determine, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is included in the L2 table; and where the one or more processors, when selectively routing the packet, are to:
transfer the packet to an ingress interface of the target virtual machine based on the destination MAC address. 38. The device of claim 35, where the one or more processors, when enforcing the security policy, are to:
determine that the packet is not to be blocked; and where the one or more processors, when selectively routing the packet, are to:
route the packet based on determining that the packet is not to be blocked. 39. The device of claim 35, where the one or more processors, when enforcing the security policy, are to:
determine that the packet is blocked; and where the one or more processors, when selectively routing the packet, are to:
drop the packet based on determining that the packet is blocked. 40. The device of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors are further to:
perform media access control (MAC) address learning when selectively routing the packet to identify a MAC address; store the MAC address; and utilize the MAC address to route a subsequent packet. | A cloud network may include a distributed security switch (DSS). The DSS may be to receive configuration information from the hypervisor. The configuration information may include a set of access mode attributes and a security policy. The DSS may be to determine that a packet is to be directed from a source virtual machine to a target virtual machine. The DSS may be to identify an egress interface of the source virtual machine and an ingress interface of the target virtual machine. The egress interface may be associated with a first access mode attribute and the ingress interface being associated with a second access mode attribute. The DSS may be to selectively route the packet, using the shared memory, based on the first access mode attribute, the second access mode attribute, and the security policy.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising:
identifying a packet in shared memory of an egress interface of a source virtual machine of a first cloud network of a set of cloud networks; enforcing a security policy on the packet, using computing resources of the source virtual machine, based on an access mode relating to the packet and a security policy configuration relating to the set of cloud networks; and selectively routing the packet, using the computing resources of the source virtual machine and the shared memory, to a target virtual machine of a second cloud network of the set of cloud networks based on enforcing the security policy,
the target virtual machine to obtain the packet from the shared memory, and
the second cloud network being different from the first cloud network. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
performing a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; performing an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determining, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is not included in the L2 table; and where selectively routing the packet comprises:
broadcasting the packet to a set of interfaces of the set of cloud networks based on determining that the destination MAC address is not included in the L2 table,
the set of interfaces including an ingress interface of the target virtual machine and excluding the egress interface of the source virtual machine. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
performing a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; performing an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determining, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is included in the L2 table; and where selectively routing the packet comprises:
transferring the packet to an ingress interface of the target virtual machine based on the destination MAC address. 24. The method of claim 21, where enforcing the security policy comprises:
determining that the packet is not to be blocked; and where selectively routing the packet comprises:
routing the packet based on determining that the packet is not to be blocked. 25. The method of claim 21, where enforcing the security policy comprises:
determining that the packet is blocked; and where selectively routing the packet comprises:
dropping the packet based on determining that the packet is blocked. 26. The method of claim 21, where selectively routing the packet comprises:
selectively routing the packet using a hypervisor of the set of cloud networks. 27. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
performing media access control (MAC) address learning when selectively routing the packet to identify a MAC address; storing the MAC address; and utilizing the MAC address to route a subsequent packet. 28. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
identify a packet in shared memory of an egress interface of a source virtual machine of a first cloud network of a set of cloud networks;
enforce a security policy on the packet, using computing resources of the source virtual machine, based on an access mode relating to the packet and a security policy configuration relating to the set of cloud networks; and
selectively route the packet, using the computing resources of the source virtual machine and the shared memory, to a target virtual machine of a second cloud network of the set of cloud networks based on enforcing the security policy,
the target virtual machine to obtain the packet from the shared memory, and
the second cloud network being different from the first cloud network. 29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
perform a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; perform an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determine, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is not included in the L2 table; and where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
broadcast the packet to a set of interfaces of the set of cloud networks based on determining that the destination MAC address is not included in the L2 table,
the set of interfaces including an ingress interface of the target virtual machine and excluding the egress interface of the source virtual machine. 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to:
perform a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; perform an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determine, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is included in the L2 table; and where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
transfer the packet to an ingress interface of the target virtual machine based on the destination MAC address. 31. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to enforce the security policy, cause the one or more processors to:
determine that the packet is not to be blocked; and where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
route the packet based on determining that the packet is not to be blocked. 32. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to enforce the security policy, cause the one or more processors to:
determine that the packet is blocked; and where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
drop the packet based on determining that the packet is blocked. 33. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to selectively route the packet, cause the one or more processors to:
selectively route the packet using a hypervisor of the set of cloud networks. 34. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 28, where the one or more instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
perform media access control (MAC) address learning when selectively routing the packet to identify a MAC address; store the MAC address; and utilize the MAC address to route a subsequent packet. 35. A device comprising:
one or more memories; and one or more processors to:
identify a packet in shared memory of an egress interface of a source virtual machine of a first cloud network of a set of cloud networks;
enforce a security policy on the packet, using computing resources of the source virtual machine, based on an access mode relating to the packet and a security policy configuration relating to the set of cloud networks; and
selectively route the packet, using the computing resources of the source virtual machine and the shared memory, to a target virtual machine of a second cloud network of the set of cloud networks based on enforcing the security policy,
the target virtual machine to obtain the packet from the shared memory, and
the second cloud network being different from the first cloud network. 36. The device of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors are further to:
perform a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; perform an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determine, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is not included in the L2 table; and where the one or more processors, when selectively routing the packet, are to:
broadcast the packet to a set of interfaces of the set of cloud networks based on determining that the destination MAC address is not included in the L2 table,
the set of interfaces including an ingress interface of the target virtual machine and excluding the egress interface of the source virtual machine. 37. The device of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors are further to:
perform a layer 2 (L2) analysis of the packet; perform an L2 lookup of an L2 table based on performing the L2 analysis; and determine, based on the L2 lookup, that a destination media access control (MAC) address identifying the target virtual machine is included in the L2 table; and where the one or more processors, when selectively routing the packet, are to:
transfer the packet to an ingress interface of the target virtual machine based on the destination MAC address. 38. The device of claim 35, where the one or more processors, when enforcing the security policy, are to:
determine that the packet is not to be blocked; and where the one or more processors, when selectively routing the packet, are to:
route the packet based on determining that the packet is not to be blocked. 39. The device of claim 35, where the one or more processors, when enforcing the security policy, are to:
determine that the packet is blocked; and where the one or more processors, when selectively routing the packet, are to:
drop the packet based on determining that the packet is blocked. 40. The device of claim 35, wherein the one or more processors are further to:
perform media access control (MAC) address learning when selectively routing the packet to identify a MAC address; store the MAC address; and utilize the MAC address to route a subsequent packet. | 3,600 |
349,522 | 350,396 | 16,854,066 | 1,731 | An electrostatic discharge (ESD) blocking circuit including an internal circuit, a first Schottky diode, and an ESD releasing element is provided. The first Schottky diode is coupled between a specific node and the internal circuit. The ESD releasing element is coupled between the specific node and the first power terminal. In response to an ESD event occurring at the specific node, the ESD releasing element is turned on to release the ESD current from the specific node to the first power terminal. | 1. An electrostatic discharge (ESD) blocking circuit, comprising:
an internal circuit; a first Schottky diode coupled between a specific node and the internal circuit; and an ESD releasing element coupled between the specific node and a first power terminal, wherein in response to an ESD event occurring at the specific node, the ESD releasing element is turned on to release an ESD current from the specific node to the first power terminal. 2. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the internal circuit is a one-time programmable (OTP) memory, in response to the OTP memory performing a write operation, a voltage of the specific node is equal to a first voltage, and in response to the OTP memory performing a read operation, the voltage of the specific node is equal to a second voltage which is lower than the first voltage. 3. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the absence of te ESD event, a voltage of the specific node and a voltage of the first power terminal serve as operation voltages of the internal circuit. 4. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the internal circuit is further coupled to a second power terminal, in the absence of the ESD event, a voltage of the second power terminal is equal to a first operation voltage, a voltage of the first power terminal is equal to a second operation voltage, and the internal circuit operates according to the first and second operation voltages. 5. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the internal circuit comprises an output stage providing one of the first and second operation voltages to the specific node. 6. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 5, further comprising:
a second Schottky diode coupled to the first Schottky diode in parallel, wherein a cathode of the first Schottky diode and an anode of the second Schottky diode are coupled to the output stage, and an anode of the first Schottky diode and a cathode of the second Schottky diode are coupled to the specific node. 7. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the internal circuit comprises an input stage, and the first Schottky diode transmits a signal of the specific node to the input stage. 8. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 7, further comprising:
a second Schottky diode coupled to the first Schottky diode in parallel, wherein a cathode of the first Schottky diode and an anode of the second Schottky diode are coupled to the input stage, and an anode of the first Schottky diode and a cathode of the second Schottky diode are coupled to the specific node. 9. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in response to the ESD event triggering the ESD releasing element, the first Schottky diode is not turned on. 10. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ESD releasing element is an N-type transistor, and a first terminal of the N-type transistor is coupled to the specific node, and a second terminal and a control terminal of the N-type transistor are coupled to the first power terminal. | An electrostatic discharge (ESD) blocking circuit including an internal circuit, a first Schottky diode, and an ESD releasing element is provided. The first Schottky diode is coupled between a specific node and the internal circuit. The ESD releasing element is coupled between the specific node and the first power terminal. In response to an ESD event occurring at the specific node, the ESD releasing element is turned on to release the ESD current from the specific node to the first power terminal.1. An electrostatic discharge (ESD) blocking circuit, comprising:
an internal circuit; a first Schottky diode coupled between a specific node and the internal circuit; and an ESD releasing element coupled between the specific node and a first power terminal, wherein in response to an ESD event occurring at the specific node, the ESD releasing element is turned on to release an ESD current from the specific node to the first power terminal. 2. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the internal circuit is a one-time programmable (OTP) memory, in response to the OTP memory performing a write operation, a voltage of the specific node is equal to a first voltage, and in response to the OTP memory performing a read operation, the voltage of the specific node is equal to a second voltage which is lower than the first voltage. 3. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the absence of te ESD event, a voltage of the specific node and a voltage of the first power terminal serve as operation voltages of the internal circuit. 4. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the internal circuit is further coupled to a second power terminal, in the absence of the ESD event, a voltage of the second power terminal is equal to a first operation voltage, a voltage of the first power terminal is equal to a second operation voltage, and the internal circuit operates according to the first and second operation voltages. 5. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the internal circuit comprises an output stage providing one of the first and second operation voltages to the specific node. 6. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 5, further comprising:
a second Schottky diode coupled to the first Schottky diode in parallel, wherein a cathode of the first Schottky diode and an anode of the second Schottky diode are coupled to the output stage, and an anode of the first Schottky diode and a cathode of the second Schottky diode are coupled to the specific node. 7. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the internal circuit comprises an input stage, and the first Schottky diode transmits a signal of the specific node to the input stage. 8. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 7, further comprising:
a second Schottky diode coupled to the first Schottky diode in parallel, wherein a cathode of the first Schottky diode and an anode of the second Schottky diode are coupled to the input stage, and an anode of the first Schottky diode and a cathode of the second Schottky diode are coupled to the specific node. 9. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in response to the ESD event triggering the ESD releasing element, the first Schottky diode is not turned on. 10. The ESD blocking circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ESD releasing element is an N-type transistor, and a first terminal of the N-type transistor is coupled to the specific node, and a second terminal and a control terminal of the N-type transistor are coupled to the first power terminal. | 1,700 |
349,523 | 350,397 | 16,854,061 | 2,691 | The disclosure discloses a display panel and a display device, comprising: an OLED substrate; an optical fingerprint sensor; a first quarter-wave plate; a first linear polarizer provided on one side, away from the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate; a second quarter-wave plate provided on one side, facing to the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; a second linear polarizer provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate and positioned between the second quarter-wave plate and the optical fingerprint sensor. | 1. A display panel, comprising:
an OLED substrate; an optical fingerprint sensor provided on one side of the OLED substrate and configured to receive light emitted from the OLED substrate facing away from the optical fingerprint sensor and reflected by a detected object; a first quarter-wave plate provided on one side, away from the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; a first linear polarizer provided on one side, away from the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate; a second quarter-wave plate provided on one side, facing to the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; and a second linear polarizer provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate and positioned between the second quarter-wave plate and the optical fingerprint sensor. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, a light path of the light comprises an emergent light path and an incident light path;
the light sequentially passes through the first quarter-wave plate and the first linear polarizer along the emergent light path and then is emitted out of the display panel; and the light sequentially passes through the first linear polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate, the OLED substrate, the second quarter-wave plate and the second linear polarizer along the incident light path and is incident to the optical fingerprint sensor. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, a polarization direction of the first linear polarizer and a polarization direction of the second linear polarizer are parallel. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, one side surface, facing to the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate is provided with an adhesive layer. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, one side surface, facing to the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate is provided with an adhesive layer. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, a touch cover plate is provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the first linear polarizer. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein, the OLED substrate has a fingerprint light emitting area and the optical fingerprint sensor is located within the fingerprint light emitting area. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein, in response to a touch signal generated by the touch cover plate, a portion of the area within the fingerprint light emitting area of the OLED substrate emits white light. 9. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein, the second quarter-wave plate and the second linear polarizer both cover the fingerprint light emitting area. 10. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, the first quarter-wave plate and the first linear polarizer both cover the OLED substrate. 11. A display device, comprising a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises:
an OLED substrate; an optical fingerprint sensor provided on one side of the OLED substrate and configured to receive light emitted from the OLED substrate facing away from the optical fingerprint sensor and reflected by a detected object; a first quarter-wave plate provided on one side, away from the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; a first linear polarizer provided on one side, away from the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate; a second quarter-wave plate provided on one side, facing to the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; and a second linear polarizer provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate and positioned between the second quarter-wave plate and the optical fingerprint sensor. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, a light path of the light comprises an emergent light path and an incident light path;
the light sequentially passes through the first quarter-wave plate and the first linear polarizer along the emergent light path and then is emitted out of the display panel; and the light sequentially passes through the first linear polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate, the OLED substrate, the second quarter-wave plate and the second linear polarizer along the incident light path and is incident to the optical fingerprint sensor. 13. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, a polarization direction of the first linear polarizer and a polarization direction of the second linear polarizer are parallel. 14. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, one side surface, facing to the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate is provided with an adhesive layer. 15. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, one side surface, facing to the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate is provided with an adhesive layer. 16. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, a touch cover plate is provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the first linear polarizer. 17. The display device according to claim 16, wherein, the OLED substrate has a fingerprint light emitting area and the optical fingerprint sensor is located within the fingerprint light emitting area. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein, in response to a touch signal generated by the touch cover plate, a portion of the area within the fingerprint light emitting area of the OLED substrate emits white light. 19. The display device according to claim 17, wherein, the second quarter-wave plate and the second linear polarizer both cover the fingerprint light emitting area. 20. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, the first quarter-wave plate and the first linear polarizer both cover the OLED substrate. | The disclosure discloses a display panel and a display device, comprising: an OLED substrate; an optical fingerprint sensor; a first quarter-wave plate; a first linear polarizer provided on one side, away from the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate; a second quarter-wave plate provided on one side, facing to the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; a second linear polarizer provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate and positioned between the second quarter-wave plate and the optical fingerprint sensor.1. A display panel, comprising:
an OLED substrate; an optical fingerprint sensor provided on one side of the OLED substrate and configured to receive light emitted from the OLED substrate facing away from the optical fingerprint sensor and reflected by a detected object; a first quarter-wave plate provided on one side, away from the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; a first linear polarizer provided on one side, away from the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate; a second quarter-wave plate provided on one side, facing to the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; and a second linear polarizer provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate and positioned between the second quarter-wave plate and the optical fingerprint sensor. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, a light path of the light comprises an emergent light path and an incident light path;
the light sequentially passes through the first quarter-wave plate and the first linear polarizer along the emergent light path and then is emitted out of the display panel; and the light sequentially passes through the first linear polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate, the OLED substrate, the second quarter-wave plate and the second linear polarizer along the incident light path and is incident to the optical fingerprint sensor. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, a polarization direction of the first linear polarizer and a polarization direction of the second linear polarizer are parallel. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, one side surface, facing to the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate is provided with an adhesive layer. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, one side surface, facing to the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate is provided with an adhesive layer. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, a touch cover plate is provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the first linear polarizer. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein, the OLED substrate has a fingerprint light emitting area and the optical fingerprint sensor is located within the fingerprint light emitting area. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein, in response to a touch signal generated by the touch cover plate, a portion of the area within the fingerprint light emitting area of the OLED substrate emits white light. 9. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein, the second quarter-wave plate and the second linear polarizer both cover the fingerprint light emitting area. 10. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein, the first quarter-wave plate and the first linear polarizer both cover the OLED substrate. 11. A display device, comprising a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises:
an OLED substrate; an optical fingerprint sensor provided on one side of the OLED substrate and configured to receive light emitted from the OLED substrate facing away from the optical fingerprint sensor and reflected by a detected object; a first quarter-wave plate provided on one side, away from the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; a first linear polarizer provided on one side, away from the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate; a second quarter-wave plate provided on one side, facing to the optical fingerprint sensor, of the OLED substrate; and a second linear polarizer provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate and positioned between the second quarter-wave plate and the optical fingerprint sensor. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, a light path of the light comprises an emergent light path and an incident light path;
the light sequentially passes through the first quarter-wave plate and the first linear polarizer along the emergent light path and then is emitted out of the display panel; and the light sequentially passes through the first linear polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate, the OLED substrate, the second quarter-wave plate and the second linear polarizer along the incident light path and is incident to the optical fingerprint sensor. 13. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, a polarization direction of the first linear polarizer and a polarization direction of the second linear polarizer are parallel. 14. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, one side surface, facing to the OLED substrate, of the first quarter-wave plate is provided with an adhesive layer. 15. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, one side surface, facing to the OLED substrate, of the second quarter-wave plate is provided with an adhesive layer. 16. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, a touch cover plate is provided on one side, facing away from the OLED substrate, of the first linear polarizer. 17. The display device according to claim 16, wherein, the OLED substrate has a fingerprint light emitting area and the optical fingerprint sensor is located within the fingerprint light emitting area. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein, in response to a touch signal generated by the touch cover plate, a portion of the area within the fingerprint light emitting area of the OLED substrate emits white light. 19. The display device according to claim 17, wherein, the second quarter-wave plate and the second linear polarizer both cover the fingerprint light emitting area. 20. The display device according to claim 11, wherein, the first quarter-wave plate and the first linear polarizer both cover the OLED substrate. | 2,600 |
349,524 | 350,398 | 16,854,036 | 2,691 | This patent specification relates to a wall switch that comprises a docking station and a user-removable wall-switch head unit. In some embodiments, the docking station is configured to receive the user-removable wall-switch head unit, and configured to be permanently connected to a wall and coupled to high-power voltage wires. In some embodiments, the user-removable wall-switch head unit is configured to be user-insertable into said docking station and user-removable therefrom such that the user is not exposed to high-voltage connections when inserting or removing. In some embodiments, the wall switch controller further comprises inputs and outputs and circuitry for switchably controlling household line current power to a household electrical fixture. In some embodiments, the wall switch controller further comprises an occupancy sensor, a temperature sensor, or a processor. | 1. A smart-home system, comprising:
a battery-powered smart home device that communicates using a first wireless protocol characterized by relatively low power usage and relatively low data rates; and a smart wall outlet device, comprising:
electrical connections configured to be wired to in-wall power wiring;
at least one power outlet for providing an electric device with power supplied via the in-wall power wiring;
wireless communication circuitry comprising a first wireless interface and a second wireless interface, wherein:
the first wireless interface is configured to communicate with the battery-powered smart home device using the first wireless protocol; and
the second wireless interface is configured to serve as a communication bridge between the battery-powered smart home device and a wireless network that uses a second communication protocol characterized by relatively higher power usage and relatively higher data rates. 2. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
an occupancy sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit occupancy information based on information received from the occupancy sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 3. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
a temperature sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit temperature information based on information received from the temperature sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 4. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: a smoke sensor and a carbon monoxide sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit information received from the at least one sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 5. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
a power storage module for storing power and using the power to maintain wireless communications via the wireless communication circuitry during a power outage. 6. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
a head unit; and a docking station to which the head unit connects and which serves as an interface to the in-wall power wiring, wherein the head unit is removable from the docking station. 7. The smart-home system of claim 6, wherein the head unit houses the wireless communication circuitry. 8. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless interface communicates using a mesh networking protocol and the second wireless interface communicates using a Wi-Fi networking protocol. 9. A smart wall outlet device, comprising:
electrical connections configured to be wired to in-wall power wiring; at least one power outlet for providing an electric device with power supplied via the in-wall power wiring; wireless communication circuitry comprising a first wireless interface and a second wireless interface, wherein:
the first wireless interface is configured to communicate with a battery-powered smart home device using a first wireless communication protocol; and
the second wireless interface is configured to serve as a communication bridge between the battery-powered smart home device and a wireless network that uses a second wireless communication protocol characterized by relatively higher power usage and relatively higher data rates. 10. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
an occupancy sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit occupancy information based on information received from the occupancy sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 11. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
a temperature sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit temperature information based on information received from the temperature sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 12. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: a smoke sensor and a carbon monoxide sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit information received from the at least one sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 13. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
a power storage module for storing power and using the power to maintain wireless communications via the wireless communication circuitry during a power outage. 14. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, wherein the at least one power outlet comprises exactly two outlets. 15. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
a head unit; and a docking station to which the head unit connects and which serves as an interface to the in-wall power wiring, wherein the head unit is removable from the docking station. 16. The smart wall outlet device of claim 15, wherein the head unit houses the wireless communication circuitry. 17. The smart wall outlet device of claim 16, wherein the head unit houses at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: an occupancy sensor, a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, and a carbon monoxide sensor. 18. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising: a voice interaction system, comprising a microphone and speaker, configured to receive voice-based commands and output voice interactions. 19. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, wherein the wireless communication circuitry comprises a wireless communication interface that performs cellular communication. 20. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, wherein the first wireless communication protocol is a mesh networking protocol and the second wireless communication protocol is Wi-Fi. | This patent specification relates to a wall switch that comprises a docking station and a user-removable wall-switch head unit. In some embodiments, the docking station is configured to receive the user-removable wall-switch head unit, and configured to be permanently connected to a wall and coupled to high-power voltage wires. In some embodiments, the user-removable wall-switch head unit is configured to be user-insertable into said docking station and user-removable therefrom such that the user is not exposed to high-voltage connections when inserting or removing. In some embodiments, the wall switch controller further comprises inputs and outputs and circuitry for switchably controlling household line current power to a household electrical fixture. In some embodiments, the wall switch controller further comprises an occupancy sensor, a temperature sensor, or a processor.1. A smart-home system, comprising:
a battery-powered smart home device that communicates using a first wireless protocol characterized by relatively low power usage and relatively low data rates; and a smart wall outlet device, comprising:
electrical connections configured to be wired to in-wall power wiring;
at least one power outlet for providing an electric device with power supplied via the in-wall power wiring;
wireless communication circuitry comprising a first wireless interface and a second wireless interface, wherein:
the first wireless interface is configured to communicate with the battery-powered smart home device using the first wireless protocol; and
the second wireless interface is configured to serve as a communication bridge between the battery-powered smart home device and a wireless network that uses a second communication protocol characterized by relatively higher power usage and relatively higher data rates. 2. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
an occupancy sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit occupancy information based on information received from the occupancy sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 3. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
a temperature sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit temperature information based on information received from the temperature sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 4. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: a smoke sensor and a carbon monoxide sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit information received from the at least one sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 5. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
a power storage module for storing power and using the power to maintain wireless communications via the wireless communication circuitry during a power outage. 6. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the smart wall outlet device further comprises:
a head unit; and a docking station to which the head unit connects and which serves as an interface to the in-wall power wiring, wherein the head unit is removable from the docking station. 7. The smart-home system of claim 6, wherein the head unit houses the wireless communication circuitry. 8. The smart-home system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless interface communicates using a mesh networking protocol and the second wireless interface communicates using a Wi-Fi networking protocol. 9. A smart wall outlet device, comprising:
electrical connections configured to be wired to in-wall power wiring; at least one power outlet for providing an electric device with power supplied via the in-wall power wiring; wireless communication circuitry comprising a first wireless interface and a second wireless interface, wherein:
the first wireless interface is configured to communicate with a battery-powered smart home device using a first wireless communication protocol; and
the second wireless interface is configured to serve as a communication bridge between the battery-powered smart home device and a wireless network that uses a second wireless communication protocol characterized by relatively higher power usage and relatively higher data rates. 10. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
an occupancy sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit occupancy information based on information received from the occupancy sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 11. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
a temperature sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit temperature information based on information received from the temperature sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 12. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: a smoke sensor and a carbon monoxide sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit information received from the at least one sensor via the wireless communication circuitry. 13. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
a power storage module for storing power and using the power to maintain wireless communications via the wireless communication circuitry during a power outage. 14. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, wherein the at least one power outlet comprises exactly two outlets. 15. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising:
a head unit; and a docking station to which the head unit connects and which serves as an interface to the in-wall power wiring, wherein the head unit is removable from the docking station. 16. The smart wall outlet device of claim 15, wherein the head unit houses the wireless communication circuitry. 17. The smart wall outlet device of claim 16, wherein the head unit houses at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of: an occupancy sensor, a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, and a carbon monoxide sensor. 18. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, further comprising: a voice interaction system, comprising a microphone and speaker, configured to receive voice-based commands and output voice interactions. 19. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, wherein the wireless communication circuitry comprises a wireless communication interface that performs cellular communication. 20. The smart wall outlet device of claim 9, wherein the first wireless communication protocol is a mesh networking protocol and the second wireless communication protocol is Wi-Fi. | 2,600 |
349,525 | 350,399 | 16,854,065 | 2,691 | The invention introduces a method for executing host input-output (IO) commands, performed by a processing unit of a device side when loading and executing program code of a first layer, at least including: receiving a host IO command from a host side through a frontend interface; generating a slot bit table (SBT) including an entry according to the host IO command; creating a thread of a second layer; and sending addresses of callback functions and the SBT to the thread of the second layer, thereby enabling the thread of the second layer to call the callback functions according to the IO operation of the SBT for driving the frontend interface to interact with the host side to transmit user data read from a storage unit to the host side, or receive user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side. | 1. A method for executing host input-output (IO) commands, performed by a processing unit of a device side when loading and executing program code of a first layer, comprising:
receiving a host JO command from a host side through a frontend interface; generating a slot bit table (SBT) comprising an entry according to the host JO command, wherein each entry is associated with an IO operation; creating a thread of a second layer; and sending a plurality of addresses of callback functions and the SBT to the thread of the second layer, thereby enabling the thread of the second layer to call the callback functions according to the IO operation of the SBT for driving the frontend interface to interact with the host side to transmit user data read from a storage unit to the host side, or receive user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side, wherein the callback functions are implemented for a plurality of stages of a generic framework in response to different types of host IO commands. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises algorithms for executing the host IO commands. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the SBT comprises a first entry and a second entry generated according to the host JO command, the host JO command requests to write or read user data of a logical block address (LBA) range across a first type of memory cells and a second type of memory cells, the first entry indicates to write or read user data of a first address range thereof including the first type of memory cells, and the second entry indicates to write or read user data of a second address range thereof including the second type of memory cells. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the device side to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the device side to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the device side to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the device side to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the device side to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the callback functions comprise a first function implemented for a set ready stage, the method comprising:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the first function, setting a bit of a queue state register for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready; and conducting no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the callback functions comprise a second function implemented for a prepare handle stage, a third function implemented for a send data triggering stage, a fourth function implemented for a send data waiting stage, a fifth function implemented for a get data triggering stage, and a sixth function implemented for a get data waiting stage, the method comprising:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the second function, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and releasing the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the third function, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, triggering a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fourth function, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely, and replying to the thread of the second layer with a determination result; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fifth function, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, triggering the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the sixth function, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely, and replying to the thread of the second layer with a determination result. 7. A non-transitory computer program product for executing host input-output (IO) commands when executed by a processing unit of a device side, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code of a first layer to:
receive a host IO command from a host side through a frontend interface; generate a slot bit table (SBT) comprising an entry according to the host IO command, wherein each entry is associated with an IO operation; create a thread of a second layer; and send a plurality of addresses of callback functions and the SBT to the thread of the second layer, thereby enabling the thread of the second layer to call the callback functions according to the IO operation of the SBT for driving the frontend interface to interact with the host side to transmit user data read from a storage unit to the host side, or receive user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side, wherein the callback functions are implemented for a plurality of stages of a generic framework in response to different types of host IO commands. 8. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 7, wherein the second layer comprises algorithms for executing the host IO commands. 9. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 7, wherein the SBT comprises a first entry and a second entry generated according to the host IO command, the host IO command requests to write or read user data of a logical block address (LBA) range across a first type of memory cells and a second type of memory cells, the first entry indicates to write or read user data of a first address range thereof including the first type of memory cells, and the second entry indicates to write or read user data of a second address range thereof including the second type of memory cells. 10. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 7, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the device side to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the device side to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the device side to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the device side to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the device side to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 11. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 10, wherein the callback functions comprise a first function implemented for a set ready stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code of the first layer to:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the first function, set a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate that a corresponding task of the command queue is ready; and conduct no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 12. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 11, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the callback functions comprise a second function implemented for a prepare handle stage, a third function implemented for a send data triggering stage, a fourth function implemented for a send data waiting stage, a fifth function implemented for a get data triggering stage, and a sixth function implemented for a get data waiting stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code of the first layer to:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the second function, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and release the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the third function, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, trigger a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fourth function, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspect a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely, and reply to the thread of the second layer with a determination result; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fifth function, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, trigger the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the sixth function, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspect a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely, and reply to the thread of the second layer with a determination result. 13. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 12, wherein the callback functions comprise a seventh function implemented for a response handle stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code of the first layer to:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the seventh function, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a programming operation, and release the data line after a completion of the programming operation. 14. An apparatus for executing host input-output (JO) commands, comprising:
a frontend interface, coupled to a host side; and a processing unit, coupled to the frontend interface, arranged to operably perform operations when loading and executing program code of a first layer: receiving a host JO command from a host side through the frontend interface; generating a slot bit table (SBT) comprising an entry according to the host IO command, wherein each entry is associated with an IO operation; creating a thread of a second layer; and sending a plurality of addresses of callback functions and the SBT to the thread of the second layer, thereby enabling the thread of the second layer to call the callback functions according to the IO operation of the SBT for driving the frontend interface to interact with the host side to transmit user data read from a storage unit to the host side, or receive user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side, wherein the callback functions are implemented for a plurality of stages of a generic framework in response to different types of host IO commands. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the second layer comprises algorithms for executing the host IO commands. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the SBT comprises a first entry and a second entry generated according to the host JO command, the host JO command requests to write or read user data of a logical block address (LBA) range across a first type of memory cells and a second type of memory cells, the first entry indicates to write or read user data of a first address range thereof including the first type of memory cells, and the second entry indicates to write or read user data of a second address range thereof including the second type of memory cells. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the apparatus to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the apparatus to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the apparatus to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the apparatus to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the apparatus to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the callback functions comprise a first function implemented for a set ready stage, the processing unit is arranged to operably perform operations when loading and executing the program code of the first layer: after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the first function, setting a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready, and conducting no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the callback functions comprise a second function implemented for a prepare handle stage, a third function implemented for a send data triggering stage, a fourth function implemented for a send data waiting stage, a fifth function implemented for a get data triggering stage, and a sixth function implemented for a get data waiting stage, and the processing unit is arranged to operably perform operations when loading and executing program code of a first layer: after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the second function, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and releasing the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the third function, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, triggering a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fourth function, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely, and replying to the thread of the second layer with a determination result; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fifth function, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, triggering the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the sixth function, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely, and replying to the thread of the second layer with a determination result. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the callback functions comprise a seventh function implemented for a response handle stage, and the processing unit is arranged to operably perform operations when loading and executing program code of a first layer: after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the seventh function, for responding the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a programming operation, and releasing the data line after a completion of the programming operation. | The invention introduces a method for executing host input-output (IO) commands, performed by a processing unit of a device side when loading and executing program code of a first layer, at least including: receiving a host IO command from a host side through a frontend interface; generating a slot bit table (SBT) including an entry according to the host IO command; creating a thread of a second layer; and sending addresses of callback functions and the SBT to the thread of the second layer, thereby enabling the thread of the second layer to call the callback functions according to the IO operation of the SBT for driving the frontend interface to interact with the host side to transmit user data read from a storage unit to the host side, or receive user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side.1. A method for executing host input-output (IO) commands, performed by a processing unit of a device side when loading and executing program code of a first layer, comprising:
receiving a host JO command from a host side through a frontend interface; generating a slot bit table (SBT) comprising an entry according to the host JO command, wherein each entry is associated with an IO operation; creating a thread of a second layer; and sending a plurality of addresses of callback functions and the SBT to the thread of the second layer, thereby enabling the thread of the second layer to call the callback functions according to the IO operation of the SBT for driving the frontend interface to interact with the host side to transmit user data read from a storage unit to the host side, or receive user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side, wherein the callback functions are implemented for a plurality of stages of a generic framework in response to different types of host IO commands. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises algorithms for executing the host IO commands. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the SBT comprises a first entry and a second entry generated according to the host JO command, the host JO command requests to write or read user data of a logical block address (LBA) range across a first type of memory cells and a second type of memory cells, the first entry indicates to write or read user data of a first address range thereof including the first type of memory cells, and the second entry indicates to write or read user data of a second address range thereof including the second type of memory cells. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the device side to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the device side to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the device side to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the device side to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the device side to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the callback functions comprise a first function implemented for a set ready stage, the method comprising:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the first function, setting a bit of a queue state register for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready; and conducting no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the callback functions comprise a second function implemented for a prepare handle stage, a third function implemented for a send data triggering stage, a fourth function implemented for a send data waiting stage, a fifth function implemented for a get data triggering stage, and a sixth function implemented for a get data waiting stage, the method comprising:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the second function, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and releasing the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the third function, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, triggering a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fourth function, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely, and replying to the thread of the second layer with a determination result; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fifth function, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, triggering the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the sixth function, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely, and replying to the thread of the second layer with a determination result. 7. A non-transitory computer program product for executing host input-output (IO) commands when executed by a processing unit of a device side, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code of a first layer to:
receive a host IO command from a host side through a frontend interface; generate a slot bit table (SBT) comprising an entry according to the host IO command, wherein each entry is associated with an IO operation; create a thread of a second layer; and send a plurality of addresses of callback functions and the SBT to the thread of the second layer, thereby enabling the thread of the second layer to call the callback functions according to the IO operation of the SBT for driving the frontend interface to interact with the host side to transmit user data read from a storage unit to the host side, or receive user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side, wherein the callback functions are implemented for a plurality of stages of a generic framework in response to different types of host IO commands. 8. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 7, wherein the second layer comprises algorithms for executing the host IO commands. 9. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 7, wherein the SBT comprises a first entry and a second entry generated according to the host IO command, the host IO command requests to write or read user data of a logical block address (LBA) range across a first type of memory cells and a second type of memory cells, the first entry indicates to write or read user data of a first address range thereof including the first type of memory cells, and the second entry indicates to write or read user data of a second address range thereof including the second type of memory cells. 10. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 7, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the device side to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the device side to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the device side to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the device side to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the device side to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 11. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 10, wherein the callback functions comprise a first function implemented for a set ready stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code of the first layer to:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the first function, set a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate that a corresponding task of the command queue is ready; and conduct no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 12. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 11, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the callback functions comprise a second function implemented for a prepare handle stage, a third function implemented for a send data triggering stage, a fourth function implemented for a send data waiting stage, a fifth function implemented for a get data triggering stage, and a sixth function implemented for a get data waiting stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code of the first layer to:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the second function, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and release the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the third function, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, trigger a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fourth function, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspect a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely, and reply to the thread of the second layer with a determination result; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fifth function, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, trigger the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the sixth function, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspect a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely, and reply to the thread of the second layer with a determination result. 13. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 12, wherein the callback functions comprise a seventh function implemented for a response handle stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code of the first layer to:
after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the seventh function, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a programming operation, and release the data line after a completion of the programming operation. 14. An apparatus for executing host input-output (JO) commands, comprising:
a frontend interface, coupled to a host side; and a processing unit, coupled to the frontend interface, arranged to operably perform operations when loading and executing program code of a first layer: receiving a host JO command from a host side through the frontend interface; generating a slot bit table (SBT) comprising an entry according to the host IO command, wherein each entry is associated with an IO operation; creating a thread of a second layer; and sending a plurality of addresses of callback functions and the SBT to the thread of the second layer, thereby enabling the thread of the second layer to call the callback functions according to the IO operation of the SBT for driving the frontend interface to interact with the host side to transmit user data read from a storage unit to the host side, or receive user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side, wherein the callback functions are implemented for a plurality of stages of a generic framework in response to different types of host IO commands. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the second layer comprises algorithms for executing the host IO commands. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the SBT comprises a first entry and a second entry generated according to the host JO command, the host JO command requests to write or read user data of a logical block address (LBA) range across a first type of memory cells and a second type of memory cells, the first entry indicates to write or read user data of a first address range thereof including the first type of memory cells, and the second entry indicates to write or read user data of a second address range thereof including the second type of memory cells. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the apparatus to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the apparatus to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the apparatus to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the apparatus to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the apparatus to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the callback functions comprise a first function implemented for a set ready stage, the processing unit is arranged to operably perform operations when loading and executing the program code of the first layer: after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the first function, setting a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready, and conducting no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the callback functions comprise a second function implemented for a prepare handle stage, a third function implemented for a send data triggering stage, a fourth function implemented for a send data waiting stage, a fifth function implemented for a get data triggering stage, and a sixth function implemented for a get data waiting stage, and the processing unit is arranged to operably perform operations when loading and executing program code of a first layer: after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the second function, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and releasing the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the third function, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, triggering a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fourth function, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely, and replying to the thread of the second layer with a determination result; after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the fifth function, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, triggering the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the sixth function, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely, and replying to the thread of the second layer with a determination result. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the callback functions comprise a seventh function implemented for a response handle stage, and the processing unit is arranged to operably perform operations when loading and executing program code of a first layer: after receiving a function call from the thread of the second layer to the seventh function, for responding the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a programming operation, and releasing the data line after a completion of the programming operation. | 2,600 |
349,526 | 350,400 | 16,854,063 | 2,691 | An organic light-emitting display device includes a substrate having a display area surrounding a through area, and a peripheral area between the through and display areas, a light-emitting element on the display area, a first dam on the peripheral area and surrounding the through area, a first protruding pattern on the first dam and protruding toward the display area from the first dam to define an undercut region, a boundary portion extending from the display area toward the first dam, the boundary portion being spaced apart from the first dam to define a first receiving space therebetween, and an encapsulation layer continuously extending from the display area to the peripheral area, the encapsulation layer including at least one organic layer with a first filling portion filling at least part of the first receiving space and protruding toward the first dam to be aligned with the undercut region. | 1. An organic light-emitting display device, comprising:
a base substrate including a display area surrounding a through area, and a peripheral area between the through area and the display area; a light-emitting element array on the display area of the base substrate; at least one undercut structure on the peripheral area and surrounding the through area; and a thin film encapsulation layer continuously extending from the display area to the peripheral area, the thin film encapsulation layer including at least one organic layer, wherein the organic layer includes at least one filling portion filling at least a portion of a receiving space adjacent to the undercut structure and aligned with the undercut structure. 2. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first undercut structure adjacent to a first receiving space includes:
a first dam structure on the peripheral area of the base substrate, the first dam structure having a shape surrounding the through area; and a first protruding pattern on the first dam structure, the first protruding pattern protruding toward the display area from the first dam structure to define a first undercut region. 3. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the organic layer includes a first filling portion protruding toward the first dam structure to be aligned with the first undercut region. 4. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
a boundary portion extending from the display area toward the first dam structure; and a second protruding pattern on the boundary portion and protruding toward the through area from the boundary portion to form a second undercut region. 5. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a second undercut structure includes:
a second dam structure between the first dam structure and the through area, the second dam structure surrounding the through area; and a third protruding pattern on the second dam structure and protruding toward at least the first dam structure to form a third undercut region. 6. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second dam structure has a height larger than a height of the first dam structure. 7. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a common layer extending continuously from the display area into the peripheral area, the common layer being discontinuous at least between the first dam structure and the first receiving space. 8. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the common layer includes at least one of a metal, a lithium compound and an organic-light emitting material. 9. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a second dam structure between the first dam structure and the through area, the second dam structure surrounding the through area,
wherein the first protruding pattern is continuous on the first dam structure and the second dam structure to cover a second receiving space between the first dam structure and the second dam structure. 10. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first protruding pattern has a recess that is caved inwardly from an outer boundary of the first protruding pattern, in a plan view. 11. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first dam structure includes an inlet connecting the first receiving space to the second receiving space. 12. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the organic layer of the thin film encapsulation layer further includes a second filling portion filling at least a portion of the second receiving space. 13. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first protruding pattern includes an inorganic material. | An organic light-emitting display device includes a substrate having a display area surrounding a through area, and a peripheral area between the through and display areas, a light-emitting element on the display area, a first dam on the peripheral area and surrounding the through area, a first protruding pattern on the first dam and protruding toward the display area from the first dam to define an undercut region, a boundary portion extending from the display area toward the first dam, the boundary portion being spaced apart from the first dam to define a first receiving space therebetween, and an encapsulation layer continuously extending from the display area to the peripheral area, the encapsulation layer including at least one organic layer with a first filling portion filling at least part of the first receiving space and protruding toward the first dam to be aligned with the undercut region.1. An organic light-emitting display device, comprising:
a base substrate including a display area surrounding a through area, and a peripheral area between the through area and the display area; a light-emitting element array on the display area of the base substrate; at least one undercut structure on the peripheral area and surrounding the through area; and a thin film encapsulation layer continuously extending from the display area to the peripheral area, the thin film encapsulation layer including at least one organic layer, wherein the organic layer includes at least one filling portion filling at least a portion of a receiving space adjacent to the undercut structure and aligned with the undercut structure. 2. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first undercut structure adjacent to a first receiving space includes:
a first dam structure on the peripheral area of the base substrate, the first dam structure having a shape surrounding the through area; and a first protruding pattern on the first dam structure, the first protruding pattern protruding toward the display area from the first dam structure to define a first undercut region. 3. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the organic layer includes a first filling portion protruding toward the first dam structure to be aligned with the first undercut region. 4. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
a boundary portion extending from the display area toward the first dam structure; and a second protruding pattern on the boundary portion and protruding toward the through area from the boundary portion to form a second undercut region. 5. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a second undercut structure includes:
a second dam structure between the first dam structure and the through area, the second dam structure surrounding the through area; and a third protruding pattern on the second dam structure and protruding toward at least the first dam structure to form a third undercut region. 6. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second dam structure has a height larger than a height of the first dam structure. 7. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a common layer extending continuously from the display area into the peripheral area, the common layer being discontinuous at least between the first dam structure and the first receiving space. 8. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the common layer includes at least one of a metal, a lithium compound and an organic-light emitting material. 9. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a second dam structure between the first dam structure and the through area, the second dam structure surrounding the through area,
wherein the first protruding pattern is continuous on the first dam structure and the second dam structure to cover a second receiving space between the first dam structure and the second dam structure. 10. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first protruding pattern has a recess that is caved inwardly from an outer boundary of the first protruding pattern, in a plan view. 11. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first dam structure includes an inlet connecting the first receiving space to the second receiving space. 12. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the organic layer of the thin film encapsulation layer further includes a second filling portion filling at least a portion of the second receiving space. 13. The organic light-emitting display device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first protruding pattern includes an inorganic material. | 2,600 |
349,527 | 350,401 | 16,854,070 | 2,691 | The present invention relates to a low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester and provides a polymer material comprising a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer having an adjusted content of 4-hydroxybutyrates (4HB).By utilizing the polymer material according to the present invention, the polymer material can serve as a binder as a short-term biological support, and can be applied as a hot melt material and a non-woven cloth material to impart tacky function to a material that is very sensitive to heat. In addition, the polymer material can be easily applied to various fields. | 1. A low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester comprising 3-hydroxybutyrate monomers and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers as polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules,
wherein a content of the 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers is 76 to 98 mol %. 2. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
wherein a weight average molecular weight of the copolymer molecules is 200 to 800 kDa. 3. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers is 85 to 95 mol %. 4. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a melting point (Tm) of 30° C. to 100° C. and a decomposition temperature (Td) of 200° C. to 400° C. 5. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having an acid value of 0.5 to 4. 6. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a color difference of b* of 1 to 15. 7. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a melt flow index (MFI) of 3 to 10. 8. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having an elongation of 1000% to 2500%. 9. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a tensile strength of 1 MPa to 20 MPa. 10. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a refractive index (nD25) of 1.3 to 1.7. 11. A method for preparing a low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester comprising 3-hydroxybutyrate monomers and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers as polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules, wherein a content of the 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers is 76 to 98 mol %,
the method comprising the step of: culturing an organism in the presence of one or more carbon raw materials under conditions under which (a) the one or more carbon raw materials are converted to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and (b) the 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and the 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA are polymerized to form the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules, thereby forming the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules. 12. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the organism has been genetically engineered to comprise enzymatic activities of a polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase, an acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, a succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, a succinic semialdehyde reductase, and a CoA transferase by stable incorporation of genes encoding the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase, the acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, the acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, the succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, the succinic semialdehyde reductase, and the CoA transferase into the organism by introduction of one or more stable plasmids comprising the genes and/or by integration of the genes into the genome of the organism, and to not comprise enzymatic activities of either an NAD+-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase or an NADP+-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase or both. 13. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the one or more carbon raw materials, taken together, have a biobased content of ≥50%. 14. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the organism has further been genetically engineered (a) to comprise enzymatic activities of (i) an alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase or 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase and (ii) an L-1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase, and (b) to not comprise enzymatic activities of one or more of (i) a thioesterase II, (ii) a multifunctional acyl-CoA thioesterase I and protease I and lysophospholipase L, (iii) an acyl-CoA thioesterase, and (iv) an aldehyde dehydrogenase. 15. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the one or more carbon raw materials comprise a carbon source selected from the group consisting of glucose, levoglucosan, sucrose, lactose, fructose, xylose, maltose, arabinose, and mixtures thereof. 16. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the one or more carbon raw materials comprise one or more of molasses, starch, a fatty acid, a vegetable oil, a lignocellulosic material, ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol, a biomass-derived synthesis gas, and methane originating from a landfill gas. 17. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the one or more carbon raw materials do not comprise γ-butyrolactone, 1,4-butanediol, 4-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, α-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, malate, fumarate, citrate, succinate, or 3-hydroxybutyrate. 18. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
further comprising isolating the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules from the organism, such that the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer composition is substantially free of the organism. 19. A low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester prepared by the method according to claim 11. 20. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 19,
wherein the content of the 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers using the fermentation of a strain is 76 to 98 mol %. 21. An article comprising the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1, wherein the article is a biodegradable wax, a medical device, a low-temperature hot melt, a non-woven cloth, a bioplastic, a drug carrier, a medical wrap, a medical fiber, a medical filament, a medical stent, or an orthopedic prosthesis. | The present invention relates to a low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester and provides a polymer material comprising a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer having an adjusted content of 4-hydroxybutyrates (4HB).By utilizing the polymer material according to the present invention, the polymer material can serve as a binder as a short-term biological support, and can be applied as a hot melt material and a non-woven cloth material to impart tacky function to a material that is very sensitive to heat. In addition, the polymer material can be easily applied to various fields.1. A low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester comprising 3-hydroxybutyrate monomers and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers as polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules,
wherein a content of the 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers is 76 to 98 mol %. 2. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
wherein a weight average molecular weight of the copolymer molecules is 200 to 800 kDa. 3. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers is 85 to 95 mol %. 4. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a melting point (Tm) of 30° C. to 100° C. and a decomposition temperature (Td) of 200° C. to 400° C. 5. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having an acid value of 0.5 to 4. 6. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a color difference of b* of 1 to 15. 7. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a melt flow index (MFI) of 3 to 10. 8. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having an elongation of 1000% to 2500%. 9. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a tensile strength of 1 MPa to 20 MPa. 10. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1,
having a refractive index (nD25) of 1.3 to 1.7. 11. A method for preparing a low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester comprising 3-hydroxybutyrate monomers and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers as polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules, wherein a content of the 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers is 76 to 98 mol %,
the method comprising the step of: culturing an organism in the presence of one or more carbon raw materials under conditions under which (a) the one or more carbon raw materials are converted to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and (b) the 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and the 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA are polymerized to form the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules, thereby forming the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules. 12. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the organism has been genetically engineered to comprise enzymatic activities of a polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase, an acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, an acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, a succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, a succinic semialdehyde reductase, and a CoA transferase by stable incorporation of genes encoding the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase, the acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, the acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, the succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, the succinic semialdehyde reductase, and the CoA transferase into the organism by introduction of one or more stable plasmids comprising the genes and/or by integration of the genes into the genome of the organism, and to not comprise enzymatic activities of either an NAD+-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase or an NADP+-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase or both. 13. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the one or more carbon raw materials, taken together, have a biobased content of ≥50%. 14. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the organism has further been genetically engineered (a) to comprise enzymatic activities of (i) an alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase or 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase and (ii) an L-1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase, and (b) to not comprise enzymatic activities of one or more of (i) a thioesterase II, (ii) a multifunctional acyl-CoA thioesterase I and protease I and lysophospholipase L, (iii) an acyl-CoA thioesterase, and (iv) an aldehyde dehydrogenase. 15. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the one or more carbon raw materials comprise a carbon source selected from the group consisting of glucose, levoglucosan, sucrose, lactose, fructose, xylose, maltose, arabinose, and mixtures thereof. 16. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the one or more carbon raw materials comprise one or more of molasses, starch, a fatty acid, a vegetable oil, a lignocellulosic material, ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol, a biomass-derived synthesis gas, and methane originating from a landfill gas. 17. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
wherein the one or more carbon raw materials do not comprise γ-butyrolactone, 1,4-butanediol, 4-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, α-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, malate, fumarate, citrate, succinate, or 3-hydroxybutyrate. 18. The method for preparing the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 11,
further comprising isolating the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer molecules from the organism, such that the polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer composition is substantially free of the organism. 19. A low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester prepared by the method according to claim 11. 20. The low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 19,
wherein the content of the 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers using the fermentation of a strain is 76 to 98 mol %. 21. An article comprising the low-temperature processible aliphatic polyester according to claim 1, wherein the article is a biodegradable wax, a medical device, a low-temperature hot melt, a non-woven cloth, a bioplastic, a drug carrier, a medical wrap, a medical fiber, a medical filament, a medical stent, or an orthopedic prosthesis. | 2,600 |
349,528 | 350,402 | 16,854,073 | 2,691 | A patterned apertured web is disclosed. The patterned apertured web includes a plurality of land areas in the patterned apertured web and a plurality of apertures defined in the patterned apertured web. At least some land areas of the plurality of land areas surround at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures. The patterned apertured web has an Effective Open Area in the range of about 3% to about 30%, according to the Aperture Test herein. The plurality of apertures include a first set of apertures defining a first shape and a second set of apertures defining a second shape. The first shape is positioned within the second shape. | 1. A patterned apertured web comprising:
a plurality of land areas in the patterned apertured web; and a plurality of apertures defined in the patterned apertured web, wherein at least some land areas of the plurality of land areas surround at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures; wherein the patterned apertured web has an Effective Open Area in the range of about 3% to about 30%, according to the Aperture Test; wherein the plurality of apertures comprise a first set of apertures defining a first shape and a second set of apertures defining a second shape, wherein the second shape is different than the first shape; wherein the first shape is positioned within and surrounded by the second shape; wherein at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures have an Effective Aperture Area in a range of about 0.3 mm2 to about 15 mm2, according to the Aperture Test; wherein at least one land area of the plurality of land areas separates the first shape from the second shape; wherein the patterned apertured web comprises at least two layers; wherein the at least two layers comprise a first layer and a second layer; wherein the patterned apertured web comprises bicomponent spunbond fibers, bicomponent staple fibers, meltblown fibers, nanofibers, and/or crimped fibers; and wherein the patterned apertured web comprises a portion of a topsheet or a portion of a garment-facing surface of an absorbent article. 2. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 6 mm. 3. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 9 mm. 4. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area from about 1 mm2 to about 10 mm2. 5. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of less than 1 mm2. 6. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of at least 2 mm2; and wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of less than 2 mm2. 7. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein the first shape is a heart or a leaf, and wherein the second shape is a diamond. 8. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein at least one aperture of the first set of apertures has a smaller Effective Aperture Area than at least one aperture of the second set of apertures. 9. A diaper comprising:
a) the patterned apertured web of claim 1; b) a backsheet; c) an absorbent core positioned at least partially intermediate the patterned apertured web and the backsheet; and d) a pair of leg cuffs. 10. A patterned apertured web comprising:
a plurality of apertures defined in the patterned apertured web, wherein at least some land areas of the plurality of land areas surround at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures; wherein the plurality of apertures are non-homogeneous in a repeat unit such that at least three apertures of the plurality of apertures have a different size, a different shape, or a different Absolute Feret Angle, according to the Aperture Test; wherein the patterned apertured web has an Effective Open Area in a range of about 3% to about 30%, according to the Aperture Test; wherein the plurality of apertures comprise a first set of apertures defining a first shape and a second set of apertures defining a second shape, the second shape being different from the first shape; wherein the second shape forms an enclosed shape, and wherein the first shape is positioned within the second shape; wherein at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures have an Effective Aperture Area in a range of about 0.3 mm2 to about 15 mm2, according to the Aperture Test; and wherein at least one land area of the plurality of land areas separates the first shape from the second shape. 11. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 4 mm. 12. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 6 mm. 13. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of at least 1 mm2. 14. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of less than 1 mm2. 15. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of at least 1 mm2; and wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of less than 1 mm2. 16. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein the first shape forms a heart or a leaf, and wherein the second shape forms a diamond. 17. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein at least two apertures of the first set of apertures has a smaller Effective Aperture Area than at least two apertures of the second set of apertures. 18. The diaper of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first set of apertures or the second set of apertures defines an indicia that indicates at least one of a lateral or vertical orientation of the diaper. 19. A patterned apertured nonwoven web comprising:
a plurality of land areas in the patterned apertured web; and a plurality of apertures defined in the patterned apertured web, wherein at least some land areas of the plurality of land areas surround at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures; wherein the plurality of apertures comprise a first set of apertures defining a heart shape and a second set of apertures defining a diamond shape; wherein the heart shape is positioned within the diamond shape, and wherein the diamond shape encloses the heart shape; wherein at least one land area of the plurality of land areas separates the heart shape from the diamond shape; wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 4 mm; and wherein the patterned apertured web comprises bicomponent spunbond fibers, bicomponent staple fibers, nanofibers, meltblown fibers, and/or crimped fibers. 20. A diaper comprising:
a) the patterned apertured nonwoven web of claim 19; b) a backsheet; c) an absorbent core positioned at least partially intermediate the patterned apertured web and the backsheet; and d) a pair of leg cuffs. | A patterned apertured web is disclosed. The patterned apertured web includes a plurality of land areas in the patterned apertured web and a plurality of apertures defined in the patterned apertured web. At least some land areas of the plurality of land areas surround at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures. The patterned apertured web has an Effective Open Area in the range of about 3% to about 30%, according to the Aperture Test herein. The plurality of apertures include a first set of apertures defining a first shape and a second set of apertures defining a second shape. The first shape is positioned within the second shape.1. A patterned apertured web comprising:
a plurality of land areas in the patterned apertured web; and a plurality of apertures defined in the patterned apertured web, wherein at least some land areas of the plurality of land areas surround at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures; wherein the patterned apertured web has an Effective Open Area in the range of about 3% to about 30%, according to the Aperture Test; wherein the plurality of apertures comprise a first set of apertures defining a first shape and a second set of apertures defining a second shape, wherein the second shape is different than the first shape; wherein the first shape is positioned within and surrounded by the second shape; wherein at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures have an Effective Aperture Area in a range of about 0.3 mm2 to about 15 mm2, according to the Aperture Test; wherein at least one land area of the plurality of land areas separates the first shape from the second shape; wherein the patterned apertured web comprises at least two layers; wherein the at least two layers comprise a first layer and a second layer; wherein the patterned apertured web comprises bicomponent spunbond fibers, bicomponent staple fibers, meltblown fibers, nanofibers, and/or crimped fibers; and wherein the patterned apertured web comprises a portion of a topsheet or a portion of a garment-facing surface of an absorbent article. 2. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 6 mm. 3. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 9 mm. 4. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area from about 1 mm2 to about 10 mm2. 5. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of less than 1 mm2. 6. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of at least 2 mm2; and wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of less than 2 mm2. 7. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein the first shape is a heart or a leaf, and wherein the second shape is a diamond. 8. The patterned apertured web of claim 1, wherein at least one aperture of the first set of apertures has a smaller Effective Aperture Area than at least one aperture of the second set of apertures. 9. A diaper comprising:
a) the patterned apertured web of claim 1; b) a backsheet; c) an absorbent core positioned at least partially intermediate the patterned apertured web and the backsheet; and d) a pair of leg cuffs. 10. A patterned apertured web comprising:
a plurality of apertures defined in the patterned apertured web, wherein at least some land areas of the plurality of land areas surround at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures; wherein the plurality of apertures are non-homogeneous in a repeat unit such that at least three apertures of the plurality of apertures have a different size, a different shape, or a different Absolute Feret Angle, according to the Aperture Test; wherein the patterned apertured web has an Effective Open Area in a range of about 3% to about 30%, according to the Aperture Test; wherein the plurality of apertures comprise a first set of apertures defining a first shape and a second set of apertures defining a second shape, the second shape being different from the first shape; wherein the second shape forms an enclosed shape, and wherein the first shape is positioned within the second shape; wherein at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures have an Effective Aperture Area in a range of about 0.3 mm2 to about 15 mm2, according to the Aperture Test; and wherein at least one land area of the plurality of land areas separates the first shape from the second shape. 11. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 4 mm. 12. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 6 mm. 13. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of at least 1 mm2. 14. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of less than 1 mm2. 15. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of at least 1 mm2; and wherein at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures has an Effective Aperture Area of less than 1 mm2. 16. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein the first shape forms a heart or a leaf, and wherein the second shape forms a diamond. 17. The patterned apertured web of claim 10, wherein at least two apertures of the first set of apertures has a smaller Effective Aperture Area than at least two apertures of the second set of apertures. 18. The diaper of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first set of apertures or the second set of apertures defines an indicia that indicates at least one of a lateral or vertical orientation of the diaper. 19. A patterned apertured nonwoven web comprising:
a plurality of land areas in the patterned apertured web; and a plurality of apertures defined in the patterned apertured web, wherein at least some land areas of the plurality of land areas surround at least some apertures of the plurality of apertures; wherein the plurality of apertures comprise a first set of apertures defining a heart shape and a second set of apertures defining a diamond shape; wherein the heart shape is positioned within the diamond shape, and wherein the diamond shape encloses the heart shape; wherein at least one land area of the plurality of land areas separates the heart shape from the diamond shape; wherein the at least one land area of the plurality of land areas has a width of at least 4 mm; and wherein the patterned apertured web comprises bicomponent spunbond fibers, bicomponent staple fibers, nanofibers, meltblown fibers, and/or crimped fibers. 20. A diaper comprising:
a) the patterned apertured nonwoven web of claim 19; b) a backsheet; c) an absorbent core positioned at least partially intermediate the patterned apertured web and the backsheet; and d) a pair of leg cuffs. | 2,600 |
349,529 | 350,403 | 16,854,077 | 2,691 | An integrated circuit includes a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) core including a plurality of thermometric arms and an R-2R ladder, the DAC core to convert a DAC code to an analog signal. The integrated circuit includes additional components as well. A differential non-linearity (DNL) calibration circuit outputs DNL coefficients based on the DAC code. A memory stores a value indicative of a product of a resistor temperature coefficient (TC) and a resistor self-heating coefficient (SHC). A current DAC (IDAC) couples to the R-2R ladder. A self-heating calibration circuit generates a self-heating trim code based on the value from the memory. An adder adds a value indicative of the DNL coefficients with the self-heating trim code to generate an IDAC trim code and provides the IDAC trim code to the IDAC to trim the R-2R ladder. | 1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) comprising thermometric arms and an R-2R ladder; a current DAC (IDAC) coupled to the R-2R ladder; a self-heating calibration circuit coupled to the IDAC; a differential non-linearity (DNL) calibration circuit coupled to the IDAC; and a memory coupled to the DNL calibration circuit. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a first test resistor coupled to a second test resistor, wherein each of the first and second test resistors is coupled to at least one externally-accessible test connection on a chip containing the DAC; and a serial interface coupled to the DAC. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
an adder coupled to the DNL, the self-heating calibration circuit and the IDAC; a temperature sensor; and a temperature calibration circuit coupled to the adder. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 3, wherein the adder is to add a temperature trim code with a value indicative of the DNL coefficients and a self-heating trim code to generate an IDAC trim code. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate a self-heating trim code based on a value from the memory as well as a reference voltage used by the DAC. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate a self-heating trim code based on a value from the memory as well as coefficients programmed into the memory. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate a self-heating trim code based on a value from the memory as well as a reference voltage used by the DAC and coefficients programmed into the memory. 8. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) comprising thermometric arms and an R-2R ladder; a current DAC (IDAC) coupled to the R-2R ladder; an adder coupled to the IDAC; a differential non-linearity (DNL) calibration circuit coupled to the adder; a temperature sensor; a temperature calibration circuit coupled to the adder; and a self-heating calibration circuit coupled to the adder. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 8, further comprising a serial interface coupled to the DAC. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 8, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate the self-heating trim code based on a value indicative of the product of a resistor temperature coefficient (TC) and a resistor self-heating coefficient (SHC)_as well as a reference voltage used by the DAC. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 8, further comprising a serial interface configured to receive from a source external to the integrated circuit, coefficients, and wherein the self- heating calibration circuit is to generate the self-heating trim code based on the value indicative of the product of TC and SHC as well as the coefficients. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 11, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate the self-heating trim code based on a value indicative of the product of resistor temperature coefficient (TC) and a resistor self-heating coefficient (SHC) and the coefficients and also a reference voltage used by the DAC. | An integrated circuit includes a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) core including a plurality of thermometric arms and an R-2R ladder, the DAC core to convert a DAC code to an analog signal. The integrated circuit includes additional components as well. A differential non-linearity (DNL) calibration circuit outputs DNL coefficients based on the DAC code. A memory stores a value indicative of a product of a resistor temperature coefficient (TC) and a resistor self-heating coefficient (SHC). A current DAC (IDAC) couples to the R-2R ladder. A self-heating calibration circuit generates a self-heating trim code based on the value from the memory. An adder adds a value indicative of the DNL coefficients with the self-heating trim code to generate an IDAC trim code and provides the IDAC trim code to the IDAC to trim the R-2R ladder.1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) comprising thermometric arms and an R-2R ladder; a current DAC (IDAC) coupled to the R-2R ladder; a self-heating calibration circuit coupled to the IDAC; a differential non-linearity (DNL) calibration circuit coupled to the IDAC; and a memory coupled to the DNL calibration circuit. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a first test resistor coupled to a second test resistor, wherein each of the first and second test resistors is coupled to at least one externally-accessible test connection on a chip containing the DAC; and a serial interface coupled to the DAC. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
an adder coupled to the DNL, the self-heating calibration circuit and the IDAC; a temperature sensor; and a temperature calibration circuit coupled to the adder. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 3, wherein the adder is to add a temperature trim code with a value indicative of the DNL coefficients and a self-heating trim code to generate an IDAC trim code. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate a self-heating trim code based on a value from the memory as well as a reference voltage used by the DAC. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate a self-heating trim code based on a value from the memory as well as coefficients programmed into the memory. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate a self-heating trim code based on a value from the memory as well as a reference voltage used by the DAC and coefficients programmed into the memory. 8. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) comprising thermometric arms and an R-2R ladder; a current DAC (IDAC) coupled to the R-2R ladder; an adder coupled to the IDAC; a differential non-linearity (DNL) calibration circuit coupled to the adder; a temperature sensor; a temperature calibration circuit coupled to the adder; and a self-heating calibration circuit coupled to the adder. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 8, further comprising a serial interface coupled to the DAC. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 8, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate the self-heating trim code based on a value indicative of the product of a resistor temperature coefficient (TC) and a resistor self-heating coefficient (SHC)_as well as a reference voltage used by the DAC. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 8, further comprising a serial interface configured to receive from a source external to the integrated circuit, coefficients, and wherein the self- heating calibration circuit is to generate the self-heating trim code based on the value indicative of the product of TC and SHC as well as the coefficients. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 11, wherein the self-heating calibration circuit is to generate the self-heating trim code based on a value indicative of the product of resistor temperature coefficient (TC) and a resistor self-heating coefficient (SHC) and the coefficients and also a reference voltage used by the DAC. | 2,600 |
349,530 | 350,404 | 16,854,079 | 2,691 | The present disclosure provides (a) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent and (b) methods of treating Parkinson's disease and associated conditions comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition to a subject with Parkinson's disease. | 1. A pharmaceutical composition for intraduodenal administration comprising:
(a) a levodopa active agent in an amount of about 4.0 w/w % of the total composition; (b) a carbidopa active agent in an amount of about 1.0 w/w % of the total composition; (c) a polymer-based suspending agent in an amount of about 0.1 w/w % to about 5 w/w % of the total composition; and (d) a liquid vehicle, wherein: (i) the liquid vehicle is water, polyethylene glycol, or a mixture of water and polyethylene glycol; (ii) the acceptance value of the pharmaceutical composition is less than or equal to 15 with respect to the levodopa active agent and less than or equal to 15 with respect to the carbidopa active agent; and (iii) the yield value of the pharmaceutical composition is at least about 0.3 Pa, wherein: the acceptance value and yield value are measured after exposing the pharmaceutical composition to a temperature of about 25° C. and relative humidity of about 60% for a period of at least about 8 weeks. 2. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymer-based suspending agent is a carbomer. 3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, wherein the polymer based suspending agent is Carbopol® 971P or Carbopol® 974P. 4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, wherein the composition comprises the polymer-based suspending agent in an amount of about 0.1 w/w % to about 0.3 w/w % of the total composition. 5. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymer based suspending agent is a hydrocolloid polymer. 6. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymer-based suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of locust beam gum, guar gum, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose with microcrystalline cellulose, xanthan gum, and gum tragacanth. 7. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6, wherein the composition comprises the polymer-based suspending agent in an amount of about 1 w/w % to about 5 w/w % of the total composition. 8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid vehicle is water. 9. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 comprising:
(a) levodopa in an amount of about 4.0 w/w % of the total composition;
(b) carbidopa monohydrate in an amount of about 1.0 w/w % of the total composition;
(c) Carbopol® 971P or Carbopol® 974P in an amount of about 0.1 w/w % to about 0.2 w/w % of the total composition; and
(d) water. 10. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the levodopa active agent has a median particle size distribution (D50) of ≤37 μm. 11. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the carbidopa active agent has a median particle size distribution (D50) of about ≤10 μm. 12. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of impurities in the pharmaceutical composition is in an amount of less than about 5.8 w/w % of the total weight of the composition when maintained at a temperature of about 20-25° C. and a relative humidity of 60% for a period of at least 15 weeks. 13. A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 in a disposable drug reservoir having an oxygen impermeable enclosure disposed therein, wherein the oxygen impermeable enclosure is purged with an inert gas and an oxygen scavenger is added. 14. The pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 13 comprising about 40 mg/mL or the levodopa active agent and about 10 mg/mL of the carbidopa active agent. 15. A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 9 in a disposable drug reservoir having an oxygen impermeable enclosure disposed therein, wherein the oxygen impermeable enclosure is purged with an inert gas and an oxygen scavenger is added. 16. A method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition comprising a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent for intraduodenal administration, wherein
(i) the pharmaceutical composition has an acceptance value of the pharmaceutical composition is less than or equal to 15 with respect to the levodopa active agent and less than or equal to 15 with respect to the carbidopa active agent; and (ii) the pharmaceutical composition has a yield value of at least about 0.3 Pa, wherein: the acceptance value and yield value are measured after exposing the pharmaceutical composition to a temperature of about 25° C. and relative humidity of about 60% for a period of at least about 8 weeks, the method comprising: adding a acrylic acid-based polymer suspending agent to water to form a dispersion; adding a neutralizing agent to the dispersion to bring the pH to about 6.5 to form a medium; adding a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent to water to form a slurry; and adding the slurry to the medium to form the pharmaceutical composition. 17. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, wherein the acrylic acid-based polymer suspending agent is Carbopol® 971P or Carbopol® 974P. 18. A method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition comprising a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent for intraduodenal administration, wherein
(i) the pharmaceutical composition has an acceptance value of the pharmaceutical composition is less than or equal to 15 with respect to the levodopa active agent and less than or equal to 15 with respect to the carbidopa active agent; and (ii) the pharmaceutical composition has a yield value of at least about 0.3 Pa, wherein: the acceptance value and yield value are measured after exposing the pharmaceutical composition to a temperature of about 25° C. and relative humidity of about 60% for a period of at least about 8 weeks, the method comprising: adding a hydrocolloid polymer suspending agent to water to form a dispersion; adding a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent to water to form a slurry; and adding the slurry to the medium to form the pharmaceutical composition. 19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18, wherein the polymer-based suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of locust beam gum, guar gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose with microcrystalline cellulose, xanthan gum, and gum tragacanth. 20. A method of treating Parkinson's disease in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1. | The present disclosure provides (a) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent and (b) methods of treating Parkinson's disease and associated conditions comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition to a subject with Parkinson's disease.1. A pharmaceutical composition for intraduodenal administration comprising:
(a) a levodopa active agent in an amount of about 4.0 w/w % of the total composition; (b) a carbidopa active agent in an amount of about 1.0 w/w % of the total composition; (c) a polymer-based suspending agent in an amount of about 0.1 w/w % to about 5 w/w % of the total composition; and (d) a liquid vehicle, wherein: (i) the liquid vehicle is water, polyethylene glycol, or a mixture of water and polyethylene glycol; (ii) the acceptance value of the pharmaceutical composition is less than or equal to 15 with respect to the levodopa active agent and less than or equal to 15 with respect to the carbidopa active agent; and (iii) the yield value of the pharmaceutical composition is at least about 0.3 Pa, wherein: the acceptance value and yield value are measured after exposing the pharmaceutical composition to a temperature of about 25° C. and relative humidity of about 60% for a period of at least about 8 weeks. 2. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymer-based suspending agent is a carbomer. 3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, wherein the polymer based suspending agent is Carbopol® 971P or Carbopol® 974P. 4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, wherein the composition comprises the polymer-based suspending agent in an amount of about 0.1 w/w % to about 0.3 w/w % of the total composition. 5. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymer based suspending agent is a hydrocolloid polymer. 6. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymer-based suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of locust beam gum, guar gum, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose with microcrystalline cellulose, xanthan gum, and gum tragacanth. 7. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6, wherein the composition comprises the polymer-based suspending agent in an amount of about 1 w/w % to about 5 w/w % of the total composition. 8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid vehicle is water. 9. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 comprising:
(a) levodopa in an amount of about 4.0 w/w % of the total composition;
(b) carbidopa monohydrate in an amount of about 1.0 w/w % of the total composition;
(c) Carbopol® 971P or Carbopol® 974P in an amount of about 0.1 w/w % to about 0.2 w/w % of the total composition; and
(d) water. 10. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the levodopa active agent has a median particle size distribution (D50) of ≤37 μm. 11. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the carbidopa active agent has a median particle size distribution (D50) of about ≤10 μm. 12. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of impurities in the pharmaceutical composition is in an amount of less than about 5.8 w/w % of the total weight of the composition when maintained at a temperature of about 20-25° C. and a relative humidity of 60% for a period of at least 15 weeks. 13. A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 in a disposable drug reservoir having an oxygen impermeable enclosure disposed therein, wherein the oxygen impermeable enclosure is purged with an inert gas and an oxygen scavenger is added. 14. The pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 13 comprising about 40 mg/mL or the levodopa active agent and about 10 mg/mL of the carbidopa active agent. 15. A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 9 in a disposable drug reservoir having an oxygen impermeable enclosure disposed therein, wherein the oxygen impermeable enclosure is purged with an inert gas and an oxygen scavenger is added. 16. A method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition comprising a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent for intraduodenal administration, wherein
(i) the pharmaceutical composition has an acceptance value of the pharmaceutical composition is less than or equal to 15 with respect to the levodopa active agent and less than or equal to 15 with respect to the carbidopa active agent; and (ii) the pharmaceutical composition has a yield value of at least about 0.3 Pa, wherein: the acceptance value and yield value are measured after exposing the pharmaceutical composition to a temperature of about 25° C. and relative humidity of about 60% for a period of at least about 8 weeks, the method comprising: adding a acrylic acid-based polymer suspending agent to water to form a dispersion; adding a neutralizing agent to the dispersion to bring the pH to about 6.5 to form a medium; adding a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent to water to form a slurry; and adding the slurry to the medium to form the pharmaceutical composition. 17. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, wherein the acrylic acid-based polymer suspending agent is Carbopol® 971P or Carbopol® 974P. 18. A method of preparing the pharmaceutical composition comprising a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent for intraduodenal administration, wherein
(i) the pharmaceutical composition has an acceptance value of the pharmaceutical composition is less than or equal to 15 with respect to the levodopa active agent and less than or equal to 15 with respect to the carbidopa active agent; and (ii) the pharmaceutical composition has a yield value of at least about 0.3 Pa, wherein: the acceptance value and yield value are measured after exposing the pharmaceutical composition to a temperature of about 25° C. and relative humidity of about 60% for a period of at least about 8 weeks, the method comprising: adding a hydrocolloid polymer suspending agent to water to form a dispersion; adding a levodopa active agent and a carbidopa active agent to water to form a slurry; and adding the slurry to the medium to form the pharmaceutical composition. 19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18, wherein the polymer-based suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of locust beam gum, guar gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose with microcrystalline cellulose, xanthan gum, and gum tragacanth. 20. A method of treating Parkinson's disease in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
349,531 | 350,405 | 16,854,086 | 2,691 | A refrigerator that may include a cabinet to define a storage space, a door to open and close the storage space, a dispenser provided in the door to dispense hot water, a hot water tank through which water flows so as to heat water introduced into the door, a heater provided in the door to heat the hot water tank, a water inflow passage through which water is supplied to the hot water tank, a water discharge passage guiding hot water discharged from the hot water tank to the dispenser, a flow rate sensor provided in the water inflow passage to measure a flow rate of water flowing through the water inflow passage, a water inflow valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow of water in the water inflow passage, a water discharge valve provided in the water outlet passage, an input provided in the door to input a temperature of the hot water to be dispensed and a hot water dispensing command, and a controller to control the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve. | 1. A refrigerator, comprising:
a cabinet to define a storage space; a door to open and close the storage space; a dispenser provided in the door to dispense hot water; a hot water tank through which water flows so as to heat water introduced into the door; a heater provided in the door to heat the hot water tank; a water inflow passage through which water is supplied to the hot water tank; a pressure reducing valve to reduce a pressure of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water discharge passage to guide hot water discharged from the hot water tank to the dispenser; a flow rate sensor disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank in the water inflow passage to measure a flow rate of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water inflow valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow of water in the water inflow passage; and a water discharge valve provided in the water discharge passage. 2. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the water inflow valve is disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank. 3. The refrigerator of claim 1, further comprising a controller to control the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve, wherein the controller turns off the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing standby state and turns on the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing process. 4. The refrigerator of claim 3, further comprising a flow rate adjustment valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow rate of water introduced into the hot water tank, wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor. 5. The refrigerator of claim 4, further comprising:
a water inflow temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water inflow passage; and a water discharge temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water discharge passage, wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the temperature detected by the water inflow temperature sensor, the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor, the temperature detected by the water discharge temperature sensor, and a predetermined target temperature. 6. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the hot water tank is made of a magnetic material, and wherein the heater is provided as a coil, which is manufactured by winding a coil, and disposed to face the hot water tank at an outside of the hot water tank so as to heat water flowing in the hot water tank. 7. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein a purified-water passage through which purified water to be dispensed from the dispenser flows, is provided in the door, and wherein the water inflow passage is branched from the purified-water passage. 8. The refrigerator of claim 7, further comprising a second flow rate sensor provided in the cabinet to detect a flow rate of water flowing through the purified-water passage. 9. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the door comprises:
a purified-water passage through which purified water to be dispensed from the dispenser flows; a purified-water valve to control discharge of the purified water from the purified-water passage; and a dispensing passage to discharge the purified water, and wherein the purified-water discharge passage has a diameter less than a diameter of the dispensing passage. 10. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the hot water tank is disposed below the dispenser, and at least a portion of the water discharge passage extends upward from the hot water tank to the dispenser. 11. A refrigerator, comprising:
a cabinet to define a storage space; a door to open and close the storage space; a dispenser provided in the door to dispense hot water; a hot water tank through which water flows so as to heat water introduced into the door; a heater provided in the door to heat the hot water tank, wherein at least a portion of the hot water tank is made of a magnetic material, and wherein the heater faces the hot water tank at an outside of the hot water tank so as to heat water flowing in the hot water tank; a water inflow passage through which water is supplied to the hot water tank; a pressure reducing valve to reduce a pressure of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water discharge passage to guide hot water discharged from the hot water tank to the dispenser; a flow rate sensor disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank in the water inflow passage to measure a flow rate of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water inflow valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow of water in the water inflow passage; a water discharge valve provided in the water discharge passage; and a controller to control the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve, wherein the controller turns off the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing standby state and turns on the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing process. 12. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein the water inflow valve is disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank. 13. The refrigerator of claim 11, further comprising a flow rate adjustment valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow rate of water introduced into the hot water tank, wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor. 14. The refrigerator of claim 13, further comprising:
a water inflow temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water inflow passage; and a water discharge temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water discharge passage, wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the temperature detected by the water inflow temperature sensor, the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor, the temperature detected by the water discharge temperature sensor, and a predetermined target temperature. 15. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein the heater is provided as a coil, which is manufactured by winding a coil. 16. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein a purified-water passage through which purified water to be dispensed from the dispenser flows, is provided in the door, and wherein the water inflow passage is branched from the purified-water passage. 17. The refrigerator of claim 16, further comprising a second flow rate sensor provided in the cabinet to detect a flow rate of water flowing through the purified-water passage. 18. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein the door comprises:
a purified-water passage through which purified water to be dispensed from the dispenser flows; a purified-water valve to control discharge of the purified water from the purified-water passage; and a dispensing passage to discharge the purified water, and wherein the purified-water discharge passage has a diameter less than a diameter of the dispensing passage. 19. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein the hot water tank is disposed below the dispenser, and at least a portion of the water discharge passage extends upward from the hot water tank to the dispenser. 20. A refrigerator, comprising:
a cabinet to define a storage space; a door to open and close the storage space; a dispenser provided in the door to dispense hot water; a hot water tank through which water flows so as to heat water introduced into the door; a heater provided in the door to heat the hot water tank; a water inflow passage through which water is supplied to the hot water tank; a pressure reducing valve to reduce a pressure of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water discharge passage to guide hot water discharged from the hot water tank to the dispenser; a flow rate sensor disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank in the water inflow passage to measure a flow rate of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water inflow valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow of water in the water inflow passage; a water discharge valve provided in the water discharge passage; a water inflow temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water discharge temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water discharge passage; a flow rate adjustment valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow rate of water introduced into the hot water tank; and a controller to control the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve, wherein the controller turns off the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing standby state and turns on the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing process, and wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the temperature detected by the water inflow temperature sensor, the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor, the temperature detected by the water discharge temperature sensor, and a predetermined target temperature. | A refrigerator that may include a cabinet to define a storage space, a door to open and close the storage space, a dispenser provided in the door to dispense hot water, a hot water tank through which water flows so as to heat water introduced into the door, a heater provided in the door to heat the hot water tank, a water inflow passage through which water is supplied to the hot water tank, a water discharge passage guiding hot water discharged from the hot water tank to the dispenser, a flow rate sensor provided in the water inflow passage to measure a flow rate of water flowing through the water inflow passage, a water inflow valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow of water in the water inflow passage, a water discharge valve provided in the water outlet passage, an input provided in the door to input a temperature of the hot water to be dispensed and a hot water dispensing command, and a controller to control the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve.1. A refrigerator, comprising:
a cabinet to define a storage space; a door to open and close the storage space; a dispenser provided in the door to dispense hot water; a hot water tank through which water flows so as to heat water introduced into the door; a heater provided in the door to heat the hot water tank; a water inflow passage through which water is supplied to the hot water tank; a pressure reducing valve to reduce a pressure of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water discharge passage to guide hot water discharged from the hot water tank to the dispenser; a flow rate sensor disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank in the water inflow passage to measure a flow rate of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water inflow valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow of water in the water inflow passage; and a water discharge valve provided in the water discharge passage. 2. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the water inflow valve is disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank. 3. The refrigerator of claim 1, further comprising a controller to control the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve, wherein the controller turns off the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing standby state and turns on the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing process. 4. The refrigerator of claim 3, further comprising a flow rate adjustment valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow rate of water introduced into the hot water tank, wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor. 5. The refrigerator of claim 4, further comprising:
a water inflow temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water inflow passage; and a water discharge temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water discharge passage, wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the temperature detected by the water inflow temperature sensor, the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor, the temperature detected by the water discharge temperature sensor, and a predetermined target temperature. 6. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the hot water tank is made of a magnetic material, and wherein the heater is provided as a coil, which is manufactured by winding a coil, and disposed to face the hot water tank at an outside of the hot water tank so as to heat water flowing in the hot water tank. 7. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein a purified-water passage through which purified water to be dispensed from the dispenser flows, is provided in the door, and wherein the water inflow passage is branched from the purified-water passage. 8. The refrigerator of claim 7, further comprising a second flow rate sensor provided in the cabinet to detect a flow rate of water flowing through the purified-water passage. 9. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the door comprises:
a purified-water passage through which purified water to be dispensed from the dispenser flows; a purified-water valve to control discharge of the purified water from the purified-water passage; and a dispensing passage to discharge the purified water, and wherein the purified-water discharge passage has a diameter less than a diameter of the dispensing passage. 10. The refrigerator of claim 1, wherein the hot water tank is disposed below the dispenser, and at least a portion of the water discharge passage extends upward from the hot water tank to the dispenser. 11. A refrigerator, comprising:
a cabinet to define a storage space; a door to open and close the storage space; a dispenser provided in the door to dispense hot water; a hot water tank through which water flows so as to heat water introduced into the door; a heater provided in the door to heat the hot water tank, wherein at least a portion of the hot water tank is made of a magnetic material, and wherein the heater faces the hot water tank at an outside of the hot water tank so as to heat water flowing in the hot water tank; a water inflow passage through which water is supplied to the hot water tank; a pressure reducing valve to reduce a pressure of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water discharge passage to guide hot water discharged from the hot water tank to the dispenser; a flow rate sensor disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank in the water inflow passage to measure a flow rate of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water inflow valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow of water in the water inflow passage; a water discharge valve provided in the water discharge passage; and a controller to control the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve, wherein the controller turns off the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing standby state and turns on the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing process. 12. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein the water inflow valve is disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank. 13. The refrigerator of claim 11, further comprising a flow rate adjustment valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow rate of water introduced into the hot water tank, wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor. 14. The refrigerator of claim 13, further comprising:
a water inflow temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water inflow passage; and a water discharge temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water discharge passage, wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the temperature detected by the water inflow temperature sensor, the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor, the temperature detected by the water discharge temperature sensor, and a predetermined target temperature. 15. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein the heater is provided as a coil, which is manufactured by winding a coil. 16. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein a purified-water passage through which purified water to be dispensed from the dispenser flows, is provided in the door, and wherein the water inflow passage is branched from the purified-water passage. 17. The refrigerator of claim 16, further comprising a second flow rate sensor provided in the cabinet to detect a flow rate of water flowing through the purified-water passage. 18. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein the door comprises:
a purified-water passage through which purified water to be dispensed from the dispenser flows; a purified-water valve to control discharge of the purified water from the purified-water passage; and a dispensing passage to discharge the purified water, and wherein the purified-water discharge passage has a diameter less than a diameter of the dispensing passage. 19. The refrigerator of claim 11, wherein the hot water tank is disposed below the dispenser, and at least a portion of the water discharge passage extends upward from the hot water tank to the dispenser. 20. A refrigerator, comprising:
a cabinet to define a storage space; a door to open and close the storage space; a dispenser provided in the door to dispense hot water; a hot water tank through which water flows so as to heat water introduced into the door; a heater provided in the door to heat the hot water tank; a water inflow passage through which water is supplied to the hot water tank; a pressure reducing valve to reduce a pressure of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water discharge passage to guide hot water discharged from the hot water tank to the dispenser; a flow rate sensor disposed between the pressure reducing valve and the hot water tank in the water inflow passage to measure a flow rate of the water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water inflow valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow of water in the water inflow passage; a water discharge valve provided in the water discharge passage; a water inflow temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water inflow passage; a water discharge temperature sensor to detect a temperature of water flowing through the water discharge passage; a flow rate adjustment valve provided in the water inflow passage to adjust a flow rate of water introduced into the hot water tank; and a controller to control the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve, wherein the controller turns off the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing standby state and turns on the water inflow valve and the water discharge valve in a hot water dispensing process, and wherein the controller controls the flow rate adjustment valve on a basis of the temperature detected by the water inflow temperature sensor, the flow rate detected by the flow rate sensor, the temperature detected by the water discharge temperature sensor, and a predetermined target temperature. | 2,600 |
349,532 | 350,406 | 16,854,089 | 2,691 | Implementations described herein disclose a method of classifying oxygen level desaturation events. In one implementation, the method includes receiving input signal sequences, the input signals indicative of a physiological condition of a patient, generating an input sequence of oxygen saturation levels based on the input signal sequence, comparing the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels to a desaturation alarm threshold to determine a desaturation event, generating an input feature matrix based on at least one of the input signal sequences and the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels, and classifying based on the input feature matrix, using a neural network, the desaturation event being a severe desaturation event (SDE) or a non-severe desaturation event (non-SDE). | 1. A method, of classifying oxygen level desaturation events, comprising:
receiving input signal sequences, the input signals indicative of a physiological condition of a patient; generating an input sequence of oxygen saturation levels based on the input signal sequences; comparing the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels to a desaturation alarm threshold to determine a desaturation event; generating an input feature matrix based on at least one of the input signal sequences and the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels; and classifying, based on the input feature matrix and using a neural network, the desaturation event being a severe desaturation event (SDE) or a non-severe desaturation event (non-SDE). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the desaturation event further comprising:
inputting the input feature matrix to the neural network; predicting a length of the desaturation event using the neural network; and classifying the desaturation event based on the predicted length of the desaturation event. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the desaturation event further comprising:
inputting the input feature matrix to the neural network; predicting a depth of the desaturation event using the neural network; and classifying the desaturation event based on the predicted length of the desaturation event. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising reducing an alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being an SDE. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising increasing an alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being a non-SDE. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating, based on the input feature matrix and using the neural network, probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
comparing the probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE with a threshold probability; and adjusting the alarm delay in response to the comparison. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting the alarm delay further comprises adjusting the alarm delay based on the alarm delay as a non-linear function of the probability associated with the desaturation event. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the neural network is at least one of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the input feature matrix is one of a matrix of maximum slopes of PPG pulses, a matrix of steepness of PPG pulses, a matrix of normalized amplitudes of PPG pulses, a matrix of maximum curvatures of PPG pulses, and a matrix of maximum negative slopes before dicrotic notches of PPG pulses. 11. In a computing environment, a method performed at least in part on at least one processor, the method comprising:
receiving input signal sequences, the input signals indicative of a physiological condition of a patient; generating an input sequence of oxygen saturation levels based on the input signal sequences; comparing the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels to a desaturation alarm threshold to determine a desaturation event; generating an input feature matrix based on at least one of the input signal sequences and the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels; classifying, based on the input feature matrix and using a neural network, the desaturation event being a severe desaturation event (SDE) or a non-severe desaturation event (non-SDE); and adjusting an alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being an SDE or a non-SDE. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein classifying the desaturation event further comprising:
inputting the input feature matrix to the neural network; predicting a length and a depth of the desaturation event using the neural network; and classifying the desaturation event based on the predicted length and the depth of the desaturation event. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein adjusting the alarm delay further comprising reducing the alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being an SDE. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein adjusting the alarm delay further comprising increasing the alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being a non-SDE. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
generating, based on the input feature matrix and using the neural network, probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE; comparing the probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE with a threshold probability; and adjusting the alarm delay in response to the comparison. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein adjusting the alarm delay further comprises adjusting the alarm delay based on the alarm delay as a non-linear function of the probability associated with the desaturation event. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the input feature matrix is one of a matrix of maximum slopes of PPG pulses, a matrix of steepness of PPG pulses, a matrix of normalized amplitudes of PPG pulses, a matrix of maximum curvatures of PPG pulses, and a matrix of maximum negative slopes before dicrotic notches of PPG pulses. 18. A physical article of manufacture including one or more tangible computer-readable storage media, encoding computer-executable instructions for executing on a computer system a computer process to provide an automated connection to a collaboration event for a computing device, the computer process comprising:
receiving input signal sequences, the input signals indicative of a physiological condition of a patient; generating an input sequence of oxygen saturation levels based on the input signal sequences; comparing the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels to a desaturation alarm threshold to determine a desaturation event; generating an input feature matrix based on at least one of the input signal sequences and the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels; classifying, based on the input feature matrix and using a neural network, the desaturation event being a severe desaturation event (SDE) or a non-severe desaturation event (non-SDE); and adjusting an alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being an SDE or a non-SDE. 19. The physical article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein the computer process further comprising:
generating, based on the input feature matrix and using the neural network, probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE; comparing the probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE with a threshold probability; and adjusting the alarm delay in response to the comparison. 20. The physical article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein the input feature matrix is one of a matrix of maximum slopes of PPG pulses, a matrix of steepness of PPG pulses, a matrix of normalized amplitudes of PPG pulses, a matrix of maximum curvatures of PPG pulses, and a matrix of maximum negative slopes before dicrotic notches of PPG pulses. | Implementations described herein disclose a method of classifying oxygen level desaturation events. In one implementation, the method includes receiving input signal sequences, the input signals indicative of a physiological condition of a patient, generating an input sequence of oxygen saturation levels based on the input signal sequence, comparing the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels to a desaturation alarm threshold to determine a desaturation event, generating an input feature matrix based on at least one of the input signal sequences and the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels, and classifying based on the input feature matrix, using a neural network, the desaturation event being a severe desaturation event (SDE) or a non-severe desaturation event (non-SDE).1. A method, of classifying oxygen level desaturation events, comprising:
receiving input signal sequences, the input signals indicative of a physiological condition of a patient; generating an input sequence of oxygen saturation levels based on the input signal sequences; comparing the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels to a desaturation alarm threshold to determine a desaturation event; generating an input feature matrix based on at least one of the input signal sequences and the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels; and classifying, based on the input feature matrix and using a neural network, the desaturation event being a severe desaturation event (SDE) or a non-severe desaturation event (non-SDE). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the desaturation event further comprising:
inputting the input feature matrix to the neural network; predicting a length of the desaturation event using the neural network; and classifying the desaturation event based on the predicted length of the desaturation event. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the desaturation event further comprising:
inputting the input feature matrix to the neural network; predicting a depth of the desaturation event using the neural network; and classifying the desaturation event based on the predicted length of the desaturation event. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising reducing an alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being an SDE. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising increasing an alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being a non-SDE. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating, based on the input feature matrix and using the neural network, probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
comparing the probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE with a threshold probability; and adjusting the alarm delay in response to the comparison. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting the alarm delay further comprises adjusting the alarm delay based on the alarm delay as a non-linear function of the probability associated with the desaturation event. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the neural network is at least one of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the input feature matrix is one of a matrix of maximum slopes of PPG pulses, a matrix of steepness of PPG pulses, a matrix of normalized amplitudes of PPG pulses, a matrix of maximum curvatures of PPG pulses, and a matrix of maximum negative slopes before dicrotic notches of PPG pulses. 11. In a computing environment, a method performed at least in part on at least one processor, the method comprising:
receiving input signal sequences, the input signals indicative of a physiological condition of a patient; generating an input sequence of oxygen saturation levels based on the input signal sequences; comparing the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels to a desaturation alarm threshold to determine a desaturation event; generating an input feature matrix based on at least one of the input signal sequences and the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels; classifying, based on the input feature matrix and using a neural network, the desaturation event being a severe desaturation event (SDE) or a non-severe desaturation event (non-SDE); and adjusting an alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being an SDE or a non-SDE. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein classifying the desaturation event further comprising:
inputting the input feature matrix to the neural network; predicting a length and a depth of the desaturation event using the neural network; and classifying the desaturation event based on the predicted length and the depth of the desaturation event. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein adjusting the alarm delay further comprising reducing the alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being an SDE. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein adjusting the alarm delay further comprising increasing the alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being a non-SDE. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
generating, based on the input feature matrix and using the neural network, probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE; comparing the probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE with a threshold probability; and adjusting the alarm delay in response to the comparison. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein adjusting the alarm delay further comprises adjusting the alarm delay based on the alarm delay as a non-linear function of the probability associated with the desaturation event. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the input feature matrix is one of a matrix of maximum slopes of PPG pulses, a matrix of steepness of PPG pulses, a matrix of normalized amplitudes of PPG pulses, a matrix of maximum curvatures of PPG pulses, and a matrix of maximum negative slopes before dicrotic notches of PPG pulses. 18. A physical article of manufacture including one or more tangible computer-readable storage media, encoding computer-executable instructions for executing on a computer system a computer process to provide an automated connection to a collaboration event for a computing device, the computer process comprising:
receiving input signal sequences, the input signals indicative of a physiological condition of a patient; generating an input sequence of oxygen saturation levels based on the input signal sequences; comparing the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels to a desaturation alarm threshold to determine a desaturation event; generating an input feature matrix based on at least one of the input signal sequences and the input sequence of oxygen saturation levels; classifying, based on the input feature matrix and using a neural network, the desaturation event being a severe desaturation event (SDE) or a non-severe desaturation event (non-SDE); and adjusting an alarm delay in response to classifying the desaturation event being an SDE or a non-SDE. 19. The physical article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein the computer process further comprising:
generating, based on the input feature matrix and using the neural network, probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE; comparing the probability associated with the desaturation event being SDE or non-SDE with a threshold probability; and adjusting the alarm delay in response to the comparison. 20. The physical article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein the input feature matrix is one of a matrix of maximum slopes of PPG pulses, a matrix of steepness of PPG pulses, a matrix of normalized amplitudes of PPG pulses, a matrix of maximum curvatures of PPG pulses, and a matrix of maximum negative slopes before dicrotic notches of PPG pulses. | 2,600 |
349,533 | 350,407 | 16,854,091 | 2,691 | A star block copolymer and a thermoplastic elastomer including plurality of the star block copolymers and a method of making both is taught. The star block copolymers of the present invention include a core component having either a styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer, wherein arms emanate from the core component and the arms are poly(isobutylene-block-styrene) diblock copolymers. | 1. A method of producing a star block copolymer comprising (a) a core component having a styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer; and (b) arms emanating from the core component wherein the arms are poly(isobutylene-block-styrene) diblock copolymers, the method including the steps of:
a. cationically synthesizing the styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer;
b. acetylating the styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer to form a styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer with acetyl groups;
c. converting the acetyl groups to cumyl hydroxide groups;
d. undertaking living carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene to form polyisobutylene blocks; and
e. undertaking living carbocationic polymerization of styrene to form polystyrene blocks at an end of each polyisobutylene block to provide the poly(isobutylene-block-styrene) diblock copolymer arms. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of cationically synthesizing includes the steps of:
adding a Friedel Crafts acid co-initiator to a styrene monomer or an α-methyl styrene monomer in bulk or in solution. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the Friedel Crafts acid co-initiator is selected from the group consisting of TiCl4, AlCl3, AlBr3, BF3, and SnCl4. | A star block copolymer and a thermoplastic elastomer including plurality of the star block copolymers and a method of making both is taught. The star block copolymers of the present invention include a core component having either a styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer, wherein arms emanate from the core component and the arms are poly(isobutylene-block-styrene) diblock copolymers.1. A method of producing a star block copolymer comprising (a) a core component having a styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer; and (b) arms emanating from the core component wherein the arms are poly(isobutylene-block-styrene) diblock copolymers, the method including the steps of:
a. cationically synthesizing the styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer;
b. acetylating the styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer to form a styrene oligomer or α-methyl styrene oligomer with acetyl groups;
c. converting the acetyl groups to cumyl hydroxide groups;
d. undertaking living carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene to form polyisobutylene blocks; and
e. undertaking living carbocationic polymerization of styrene to form polystyrene blocks at an end of each polyisobutylene block to provide the poly(isobutylene-block-styrene) diblock copolymer arms. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of cationically synthesizing includes the steps of:
adding a Friedel Crafts acid co-initiator to a styrene monomer or an α-methyl styrene monomer in bulk or in solution. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the Friedel Crafts acid co-initiator is selected from the group consisting of TiCl4, AlCl3, AlBr3, BF3, and SnCl4. | 2,600 |
349,534 | 350,408 | 16,854,076 | 2,691 | An example operation includes one or more of establishing, by a first blockchain trust anchor node, a trusted connection to a trust anchor node of a second blockchain, detecting, by the first blockchain trust anchor node, changes of the first blockchain, and executing a smart contract to reflect the detected changes on the second blockchain. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor of a first blockchain trust anchor node; a memory on which are stored machine readable instructions that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
establish a trusted connection to a trust anchor node of a second blockchain;
detect changes of the first blockchain; and
execute a smart contract to reflect the detected changes on the second blockchain. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to execute a bi-directional handshake with the trust anchor node of the second blockchain to establish a mutually agreed access policy between the first blockchain and the second blockchain. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to determine a network type and asset class elements of the second blockchain based on the trusted connection. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to provide state information of the first blockchain to the trust anchor node of the second blockchain. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to process write requests from the second blockchain by validation of a signature of the second blockchain. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to generate a cross-blockchain asset registry. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to exchange a seed with the trust anchor node of a second blockchain for generation of identifications for asset classes if the first blockchain trust anchor node is created at genesis. 8. A method, comprising:
establishing, by a first blockchain trust anchor node, a trusted connection to a trust anchor node of a second blockchain; detecting, by the first blockchain trust anchor node, changes of the first blockchain; and executing a smart contract to reflect the detected changes on the second blockchain. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising executing a bi-directional handshake with the trust anchor node of the second blockchain to establish a mutually agreed access policy between the first blockchain and the second blockchain. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining a network type and asset class elements of the second blockchain based on the trusted connection. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising providing state information of the first blockchain to the trust anchor node of the second blockchain. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising processing write requests from the second blockchain by validating a signature of the second blockchain. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising generating a cross-blockchain asset registry. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising exchanging a seed with the trust anchor node of a second blockchain for generation of identifications for asset classes if the first blockchain trust anchor node is created at genesis. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform:
establishing a trusted connection to a trust anchor node of a second blockchain; detecting changes of the first blockchain; and executing a smart contract to reflect the detected changes on the second blockchain. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to execute a bi-directional handshake with the trust anchor node of the second blockchain to establish a mutually agreed access policy between the first blockchain and the second blockchain. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to determine a network type and asset class elements of the second blockchain based on the trusted connection. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to provide state information of the first blockchain to the trust anchor node of the second blockchain. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to process write requests from the second blockchain by validating a signature of the second blockchain. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to generate a cross-blockchain asset registry. | An example operation includes one or more of establishing, by a first blockchain trust anchor node, a trusted connection to a trust anchor node of a second blockchain, detecting, by the first blockchain trust anchor node, changes of the first blockchain, and executing a smart contract to reflect the detected changes on the second blockchain.1. A system, comprising:
a processor of a first blockchain trust anchor node; a memory on which are stored machine readable instructions that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
establish a trusted connection to a trust anchor node of a second blockchain;
detect changes of the first blockchain; and
execute a smart contract to reflect the detected changes on the second blockchain. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to execute a bi-directional handshake with the trust anchor node of the second blockchain to establish a mutually agreed access policy between the first blockchain and the second blockchain. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to determine a network type and asset class elements of the second blockchain based on the trusted connection. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to provide state information of the first blockchain to the trust anchor node of the second blockchain. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to process write requests from the second blockchain by validation of a signature of the second blockchain. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to generate a cross-blockchain asset registry. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to exchange a seed with the trust anchor node of a second blockchain for generation of identifications for asset classes if the first blockchain trust anchor node is created at genesis. 8. A method, comprising:
establishing, by a first blockchain trust anchor node, a trusted connection to a trust anchor node of a second blockchain; detecting, by the first blockchain trust anchor node, changes of the first blockchain; and executing a smart contract to reflect the detected changes on the second blockchain. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising executing a bi-directional handshake with the trust anchor node of the second blockchain to establish a mutually agreed access policy between the first blockchain and the second blockchain. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining a network type and asset class elements of the second blockchain based on the trusted connection. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising providing state information of the first blockchain to the trust anchor node of the second blockchain. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising processing write requests from the second blockchain by validating a signature of the second blockchain. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising generating a cross-blockchain asset registry. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising exchanging a seed with the trust anchor node of a second blockchain for generation of identifications for asset classes if the first blockchain trust anchor node is created at genesis. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform:
establishing a trusted connection to a trust anchor node of a second blockchain; detecting changes of the first blockchain; and executing a smart contract to reflect the detected changes on the second blockchain. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to execute a bi-directional handshake with the trust anchor node of the second blockchain to establish a mutually agreed access policy between the first blockchain and the second blockchain. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to determine a network type and asset class elements of the second blockchain based on the trusted connection. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to provide state information of the first blockchain to the trust anchor node of the second blockchain. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to process write requests from the second blockchain by validating a signature of the second blockchain. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions, that when read by the processor, cause the processor to generate a cross-blockchain asset registry. | 2,600 |
349,535 | 350,409 | 16,854,058 | 2,691 | Described herein are systems and/or methods for designing a system of contact lenses with interocular refractive disparity (i.e. anisometropia) for presbyopes. An example method may comprise a step of determining a plurality of lenses for inclusion in a system of contact lenses for treating presbyopes. Each of the plurality of lenses may be configured for an optical correction and may have a power profile associated therewith. The plurality of lenses may be grouped based on the optical correction. Each of the lenses in a particular group may have a different power profile. The example method may comprise a step of creating, based at least on the plurality of lenses and an add need, a fit guide. The fit guide may provide an interocular disparity of effective add. The interocular disparity of effective add may be determined by optimizing cyclopean performance across a range accommodative demands and light levels. | 1. A method for designing a system of contact lenses with interocular refractive disparity for presbyopes, the method comprising the steps of:
determining a plurality of lens types for inclusion in a system of contact lenses for treating presbyopes, wherein the lens system comprises at least three lens types (lens A, a lens B, and a lens C designation),
wherein each of the plurality of lenses is configured for an optical correction and has a power profile associated therewith,
wherein the plurality of lenses are grouped based on the optical correction and wherein each of the lenses of a particular type has a different power profile, and
wherein the optical correction normalized power profile across a range of optical corrections for each of the lens designations is varied to improve performance based on at least [1] prescription (Rx), age and accommodation dependence of ocular spherical aberration, or [2] Rx, age, and luminance dependence of entrance pupil diameter; and
creating, based at least on the plurality of lenses and an add need, a fit guide indicating which of the plurality of lenses to be worn on a dominant eye and a non-dominant eye, wherein the fit guide provides an interocular disparity of effective add. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each lens group comprises at least three center-near continuous multifocal lenses. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each group of lenses comprises three lenses. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each group of lenses comprises four lenses. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each group of lenses comprises five lenses. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical correction is between −20 D and +20 D. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a plurality of lens groups comprises determining a visual performance manifold for one or more of the lenses in the plurality of lens groups. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the fit guide comprises one or more of: 9. A system of contact lenses with interocular disparity for presbyopes, the system comprising:
a plurality of lens types for treating presbyopes, wherein the lens system comprises at least three lens types (lens A, a lens B, and a lens C designation),
wherein each of the plurality of lenses is configured for an optical correction and has a power profile associated therewith,
wherein the plurality of lenses are grouped based on the optical correction and wherein each of the lenses of a particular type has a different power profile, and
wherein the optical correction normalized power profile across a range of optical corrections for each of the lens designations is varied to improve performance based on at least [1] prescription (Rx), age and accommodation dependence of ocular spherical aberration, [2] Rx, age, and luminance dependence of entrance pupil diameter; and
a fit guide indicating which of the plurality of lenses to be worn on a dominant eye and a non-dominant eye, wherein the fit guide provides an interocular disparity of effective add. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein each lens group comprises at least three center near continuous multifocal lenses. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein each group of lenses comprises three lenses. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein each group of lenses comprises four lenses. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein each group of lenses comprises five lenses. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the power profile is between −20 D and +20 D. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the fit guide is dependent on a visual performance manifold for one or more of the lenses in the plurality of lens groups. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the fit guide comprises one or more of: 17. A method for designing a system of contact lenses with interocular refractive disparity for presbyopes, the method comprising the steps of:
determining a plurality of lenses for inclusion in a system of contact lenses for treating presbyopes, wherein each of the plurality of lenses is configured for an optical correction and has a power profile associated therewith, wherein the plurality of lenses are grouped based on the optical correction and wherein each of the lenses in a particular group has a different power profile; and creating, based at least on the plurality of lenses and an add need, a fit guide indicating which of the plurality of lenses to be worn on a dominant eye and a non-dominant eye, wherein the fit guide provides an interocular disparity of effective add. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each group of lenses comprises three lenses. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein each group of lenses comprises four lenses. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein each group of lenses comprises five lenses. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the power profile is between −20 D and +20 D. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a plurality of lenses comprises determining a visual performance manifold for one or more of the lenses. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the fit guide comprises one or more of: 24. A method for customizing a system of contact lenses with interocular refractive disparity for presbyopes, the method comprising the steps of:
determining a fit associated with at least one user exhibiting presbyopia; simulating, based on the fit, one or more visual performance manifolds, wherein each of the visual performance manifolds is generated based on lens designs, an eye model, and environmental conditions; selecting, based on the simulated one or more visual performance manifolds, a plurality of lenses for inclusion in a system of contact lenses for treating presbyopia, wherein each of the plurality of lenses is configured for an optical correction and has a power profile associated therewith, wherein the plurality of lenses are grouped based on the optical correction and wherein each of the lenses in a particular group has a different power profile; and creating, based at least on the plurality of lenses and an add need, a fit guide indicating which of the plurality of lenses to be worn on a dominant eye and a non-dominant eye, wherein the fit guide provides an interocular disparity of effective add. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein each group of lenses comprises three lenses. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein each group of lenses comprises four lenses. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein each group of lenses comprises five lenses. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the optical power is between −20 D and +20 D. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein determining a fit profile comprises optimizing a treatment plan for the particular user. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the optimizing comprises using one or more visual performance manifolds. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the fit guide comprises one or more of: | Described herein are systems and/or methods for designing a system of contact lenses with interocular refractive disparity (i.e. anisometropia) for presbyopes. An example method may comprise a step of determining a plurality of lenses for inclusion in a system of contact lenses for treating presbyopes. Each of the plurality of lenses may be configured for an optical correction and may have a power profile associated therewith. The plurality of lenses may be grouped based on the optical correction. Each of the lenses in a particular group may have a different power profile. The example method may comprise a step of creating, based at least on the plurality of lenses and an add need, a fit guide. The fit guide may provide an interocular disparity of effective add. The interocular disparity of effective add may be determined by optimizing cyclopean performance across a range accommodative demands and light levels.1. A method for designing a system of contact lenses with interocular refractive disparity for presbyopes, the method comprising the steps of:
determining a plurality of lens types for inclusion in a system of contact lenses for treating presbyopes, wherein the lens system comprises at least three lens types (lens A, a lens B, and a lens C designation),
wherein each of the plurality of lenses is configured for an optical correction and has a power profile associated therewith,
wherein the plurality of lenses are grouped based on the optical correction and wherein each of the lenses of a particular type has a different power profile, and
wherein the optical correction normalized power profile across a range of optical corrections for each of the lens designations is varied to improve performance based on at least [1] prescription (Rx), age and accommodation dependence of ocular spherical aberration, or [2] Rx, age, and luminance dependence of entrance pupil diameter; and
creating, based at least on the plurality of lenses and an add need, a fit guide indicating which of the plurality of lenses to be worn on a dominant eye and a non-dominant eye, wherein the fit guide provides an interocular disparity of effective add. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each lens group comprises at least three center-near continuous multifocal lenses. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each group of lenses comprises three lenses. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein each group of lenses comprises four lenses. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each group of lenses comprises five lenses. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical correction is between −20 D and +20 D. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a plurality of lens groups comprises determining a visual performance manifold for one or more of the lenses in the plurality of lens groups. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the fit guide comprises one or more of: 9. A system of contact lenses with interocular disparity for presbyopes, the system comprising:
a plurality of lens types for treating presbyopes, wherein the lens system comprises at least three lens types (lens A, a lens B, and a lens C designation),
wherein each of the plurality of lenses is configured for an optical correction and has a power profile associated therewith,
wherein the plurality of lenses are grouped based on the optical correction and wherein each of the lenses of a particular type has a different power profile, and
wherein the optical correction normalized power profile across a range of optical corrections for each of the lens designations is varied to improve performance based on at least [1] prescription (Rx), age and accommodation dependence of ocular spherical aberration, [2] Rx, age, and luminance dependence of entrance pupil diameter; and
a fit guide indicating which of the plurality of lenses to be worn on a dominant eye and a non-dominant eye, wherein the fit guide provides an interocular disparity of effective add. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein each lens group comprises at least three center near continuous multifocal lenses. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein each group of lenses comprises three lenses. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein each group of lenses comprises four lenses. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein each group of lenses comprises five lenses. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the power profile is between −20 D and +20 D. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the fit guide is dependent on a visual performance manifold for one or more of the lenses in the plurality of lens groups. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the fit guide comprises one or more of: 17. A method for designing a system of contact lenses with interocular refractive disparity for presbyopes, the method comprising the steps of:
determining a plurality of lenses for inclusion in a system of contact lenses for treating presbyopes, wherein each of the plurality of lenses is configured for an optical correction and has a power profile associated therewith, wherein the plurality of lenses are grouped based on the optical correction and wherein each of the lenses in a particular group has a different power profile; and creating, based at least on the plurality of lenses and an add need, a fit guide indicating which of the plurality of lenses to be worn on a dominant eye and a non-dominant eye, wherein the fit guide provides an interocular disparity of effective add. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each group of lenses comprises three lenses. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein each group of lenses comprises four lenses. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein each group of lenses comprises five lenses. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the power profile is between −20 D and +20 D. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a plurality of lenses comprises determining a visual performance manifold for one or more of the lenses. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the fit guide comprises one or more of: 24. A method for customizing a system of contact lenses with interocular refractive disparity for presbyopes, the method comprising the steps of:
determining a fit associated with at least one user exhibiting presbyopia; simulating, based on the fit, one or more visual performance manifolds, wherein each of the visual performance manifolds is generated based on lens designs, an eye model, and environmental conditions; selecting, based on the simulated one or more visual performance manifolds, a plurality of lenses for inclusion in a system of contact lenses for treating presbyopia, wherein each of the plurality of lenses is configured for an optical correction and has a power profile associated therewith, wherein the plurality of lenses are grouped based on the optical correction and wherein each of the lenses in a particular group has a different power profile; and creating, based at least on the plurality of lenses and an add need, a fit guide indicating which of the plurality of lenses to be worn on a dominant eye and a non-dominant eye, wherein the fit guide provides an interocular disparity of effective add. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein each group of lenses comprises three lenses. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein each group of lenses comprises four lenses. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein each group of lenses comprises five lenses. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the optical power is between −20 D and +20 D. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein determining a fit profile comprises optimizing a treatment plan for the particular user. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the optimizing comprises using one or more visual performance manifolds. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the fit guide comprises one or more of: | 2,600 |
349,536 | 350,410 | 16,854,103 | 2,438 | A blockchain database employs cryptography and other methods to implement and protect a distributed, publicly-amendable ledger. Transactions in a blockchain ledger are intentionally anonymous; however, there are cases where it would be useful to be able to verify or disprove a claim of identity of a contributor of a blockchain transaction. Biometrics can be used to link a human being to digital information using their unique physical traits in a way that is analogous to a handwritten or digital signature. An exemplary embodiment disclosed herein describes methods to create and store data in a blockchain transaction such that it can be used in the future to biometrically verify the identity of the contributor of the transaction, and use encoded biometric data to determine whether the blockchain transaction was created or not created by a particular individual. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising:
generating a first set of biometric features from a first biometric sample; generating a pseudonymous identifier and auxiliary data, comprising using a pseudonymous identifier encoder to embed the first set of biometric features with a public key; amending a blockchain transaction request with one or more of the pseudonymous identifier and auxiliary data; using the public key to sign the blockchain transaction request; verifying the blockchain transaction request by: obtaining a second biometric sample, generating a second set of biometric features from the second biometric sample; generating a pseudonymous identifier prime from the second set of biometric features; and comparing the pseudonymous identifier with the pseudonymous identifier prime. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining whether the pseudonymous identifier matches the pseudonymous identifier prime; and based on the determination, verifying an identity of a contributor. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein determining whether the pseudonymous identifier matches the pseudonymous identifier prime comprises using a pseudonymous identifier recoder to embed the second set of biometric features with the public key and auxiliary data. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the pseudonymous identifier encoder further embeds the first set of biometric features with the public key and a first supplemental data. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein generating the pseudonymous identifier further comprises using a one-way function to cryptographically secure the pseudonymous identifier. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the pseudonymous identifier recoder further embeds the second set of biometric features with the public key, the auxiliary data and a second supplemental data 27. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
determining whether the pseudonymous identifier prime matches the pseudonymous identifier; and after determining the pseudonymous identifier prime matches the pseudonymous identifier, making a verification decision. 28. A system comprising:
at least one memory that stores computer-executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to access the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to: generate a first set of biometric features from a first biometric sample; generate a pseudonymous identifier and auxiliary data, comprising using a pseudonymous identifier encoder to embed the first set of biometric features with a public key; amend a blockchain transaction request with one or more of the pseudonymous identifier and auxiliary data; use the public key to sign the blockchain transaction request; verify the blockchain transaction request by: obtaining a second biometric sample, generating a second set of biometric features from the second biometric sample; generating a pseudonymous identifier prime from the second set of biometric features; and comparing the pseudonymous identifier with the pseudonymous identifier prime. 29. The system of claim 28, further comprising instruction to:
determine whether the pseudonymous identifier matches the pseudonymous identifier prime; and based on the determination, verify an identity of a contributor. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein determining whether the pseudonymous identifier matches the pseudonymous identifier prime comprises using a pseudonymous identifier recoder to embed the second set of biometric features with the public key and auxiliary data. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein the pseudonymous identifier encoder further embeds the first set of biometric features with the public key and a first supplemental data. 32. The system of claim 28, wherein generating the pseudonymous identifier further comprises using a one-way function to cryptographically secure the pseudonymous identifier. 33. The system of claim 30, wherein the pseudonymous identifier recoder further embeds the second set of biometric features with the public key, the auxiliary data and a second supplemental data 34. The system of claim 30, further comprising instruction to:
determine whether the pseudonymous identifier prime matches the pseudonymous identifier; and after determining the pseudonymous identifier prime matches the pseudonymous identifier, make a verification decision. | A blockchain database employs cryptography and other methods to implement and protect a distributed, publicly-amendable ledger. Transactions in a blockchain ledger are intentionally anonymous; however, there are cases where it would be useful to be able to verify or disprove a claim of identity of a contributor of a blockchain transaction. Biometrics can be used to link a human being to digital information using their unique physical traits in a way that is analogous to a handwritten or digital signature. An exemplary embodiment disclosed herein describes methods to create and store data in a blockchain transaction such that it can be used in the future to biometrically verify the identity of the contributor of the transaction, and use encoded biometric data to determine whether the blockchain transaction was created or not created by a particular individual.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising:
generating a first set of biometric features from a first biometric sample; generating a pseudonymous identifier and auxiliary data, comprising using a pseudonymous identifier encoder to embed the first set of biometric features with a public key; amending a blockchain transaction request with one or more of the pseudonymous identifier and auxiliary data; using the public key to sign the blockchain transaction request; verifying the blockchain transaction request by: obtaining a second biometric sample, generating a second set of biometric features from the second biometric sample; generating a pseudonymous identifier prime from the second set of biometric features; and comparing the pseudonymous identifier with the pseudonymous identifier prime. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining whether the pseudonymous identifier matches the pseudonymous identifier prime; and based on the determination, verifying an identity of a contributor. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein determining whether the pseudonymous identifier matches the pseudonymous identifier prime comprises using a pseudonymous identifier recoder to embed the second set of biometric features with the public key and auxiliary data. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the pseudonymous identifier encoder further embeds the first set of biometric features with the public key and a first supplemental data. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein generating the pseudonymous identifier further comprises using a one-way function to cryptographically secure the pseudonymous identifier. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the pseudonymous identifier recoder further embeds the second set of biometric features with the public key, the auxiliary data and a second supplemental data 27. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
determining whether the pseudonymous identifier prime matches the pseudonymous identifier; and after determining the pseudonymous identifier prime matches the pseudonymous identifier, making a verification decision. 28. A system comprising:
at least one memory that stores computer-executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to access the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to: generate a first set of biometric features from a first biometric sample; generate a pseudonymous identifier and auxiliary data, comprising using a pseudonymous identifier encoder to embed the first set of biometric features with a public key; amend a blockchain transaction request with one or more of the pseudonymous identifier and auxiliary data; use the public key to sign the blockchain transaction request; verify the blockchain transaction request by: obtaining a second biometric sample, generating a second set of biometric features from the second biometric sample; generating a pseudonymous identifier prime from the second set of biometric features; and comparing the pseudonymous identifier with the pseudonymous identifier prime. 29. The system of claim 28, further comprising instruction to:
determine whether the pseudonymous identifier matches the pseudonymous identifier prime; and based on the determination, verify an identity of a contributor. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein determining whether the pseudonymous identifier matches the pseudonymous identifier prime comprises using a pseudonymous identifier recoder to embed the second set of biometric features with the public key and auxiliary data. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein the pseudonymous identifier encoder further embeds the first set of biometric features with the public key and a first supplemental data. 32. The system of claim 28, wherein generating the pseudonymous identifier further comprises using a one-way function to cryptographically secure the pseudonymous identifier. 33. The system of claim 30, wherein the pseudonymous identifier recoder further embeds the second set of biometric features with the public key, the auxiliary data and a second supplemental data 34. The system of claim 30, further comprising instruction to:
determine whether the pseudonymous identifier prime matches the pseudonymous identifier; and after determining the pseudonymous identifier prime matches the pseudonymous identifier, make a verification decision. | 2,400 |
349,537 | 350,411 | 16,854,092 | 2,438 | Provided are integrated processes for the conversion of beta propiolactone to acrylic acid. Systems for the production of acrylic acid are also provided. | 1-3. (canceled) 4. A method for producing acrylic acid, comprising:
(a) providing a feedstock stream comprising beta propiolactone; (b) directing the feedstock stream to a first reaction zone; (c) contacting the feedstock stream with a polymerization catalyst; (d) polymerizing at least a portion of the beta propiolactone to a poly(propiolactone) product stream, wherein the first reaction zone is maintained at a temperature to promote formation of poly(propiolactone); (e) directing the poly(propiolactone) product stream to a second reaction zone, wherein the second reaction zone is maintained at a temperature at or above the pyrolysis temperature of poly(propiolactone) such that the thermal decomposition of poly(propiolactone) produces acrylic acid; and (f) withdrawing an acrylic acid product stream from the second reaction zone. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first reaction zone and second reaction zone are in an extruder reactor. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the extruder reactor provides a temperature gradient between the first reaction zone and second reaction zone. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the extruder reactor has a terminal temperature at or above the pyrolysis temperature of poly(propiolactone). 8. The method of claim 4, further comprising capturing heat generated from the first reaction zone, and directing the heat to other processes. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the heat is directed to the second reaction zone. 10-21. (canceled). | Provided are integrated processes for the conversion of beta propiolactone to acrylic acid. Systems for the production of acrylic acid are also provided.1-3. (canceled) 4. A method for producing acrylic acid, comprising:
(a) providing a feedstock stream comprising beta propiolactone; (b) directing the feedstock stream to a first reaction zone; (c) contacting the feedstock stream with a polymerization catalyst; (d) polymerizing at least a portion of the beta propiolactone to a poly(propiolactone) product stream, wherein the first reaction zone is maintained at a temperature to promote formation of poly(propiolactone); (e) directing the poly(propiolactone) product stream to a second reaction zone, wherein the second reaction zone is maintained at a temperature at or above the pyrolysis temperature of poly(propiolactone) such that the thermal decomposition of poly(propiolactone) produces acrylic acid; and (f) withdrawing an acrylic acid product stream from the second reaction zone. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first reaction zone and second reaction zone are in an extruder reactor. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the extruder reactor provides a temperature gradient between the first reaction zone and second reaction zone. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the extruder reactor has a terminal temperature at or above the pyrolysis temperature of poly(propiolactone). 8. The method of claim 4, further comprising capturing heat generated from the first reaction zone, and directing the heat to other processes. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the heat is directed to the second reaction zone. 10-21. (canceled). | 2,400 |
349,538 | 350,412 | 16,854,093 | 2,438 | A method for decoding an image according to the present invention comprises the steps of: receiving and parsing a parameter set including indication information which indicates the presence of withheld information to be used in the future; receiving and parsing a slide header including the withheld information, when the indication information indicates the presence of the withheld information; and decoding the image according to semantics and a value corresponding to the withheld information. As a result, provided are a method and an apparatus for describing an additional extension information indication in a bitstream supporting a hierarchical image. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. A picture decoding method, by a decoding apparatus, comprising:
receiving a picture parameter set (PPS) comprising a num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element specifying a number of extra bits for a slice segment header; receiving the slice segment header, wherein the slice segment header comprising zero or more reserved flags when a current slice segment is not a dependent slice segment, wherein a number of the reserved flags in the slice segment header is same as the number of extra bits which is determined based on the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element; and decoding a picture based on the slice segment header, wherein the picture parameter set further comprises a first picture parameter set identifier syntax element specifying an identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, wherein the slice segment header further comprises a second picture parameter set identifier syntax element indicating the identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, and wherein the slice segment header comprises a dependent slice segment flag representing whether the current slice segment is the dependent slice segment. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is signaled at a position following a syntax element specifying a sequence parameter set (SPS) identifier (ID) of an SPS activated in the picture parameter set. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the reserved flag is for a multi-viewpoint layer and a video supporting spatial scalability or a three-dimensional (3D) video. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is represented by 3 bits, and
wherein each of the reserved flag is represented by 1 bit. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein a descriptor of the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is u(3) representing unsigned integer using 3 bits, and a descriptor of each of the reserved flag is u(1) representing unsigned integer using 1 bit. 14. An image information encoding method, by an encoding apparatus, comprising:
configuring a picture parameter set (PPS) comprising a num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element specifying a number of extra bits for a slice segment header; configuring the slice segment header, wherein the slice segment header comprising zero or more reserved flags when a current slice segment is not a dependent slice segment, wherein a number of the reserved flags in the slice segment header is same as the number of extra bits which is determined based on the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element; and encoding image information including information on the picture parameter set and information on the slice segment header, wherein the picture parameter set further comprises a first picture parameter set identifier syntax element specifying an identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, and wherein the slice segment header further comprises a second picture parameter set identifier syntax element indicating the identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, wherein the slice segment header comprises a dependent slice segment flag representing whether the current slice segment is the dependent slice segment. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is signaled at a position following a syntax element specifying a sequence parameter set (SPS) identifier (ID) of an SPS activated in the picture parameter set. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the reserved flag is for a multi-viewpoint layer and a video supporting spatial scalability or a three-dimensional (3D) video. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is represented by 3 bits, and
wherein each of the reserved flag is represented by 1 bit. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein a descriptor of the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is u(3) representing unsigned integer using 3 bits, and a descriptor of each of the reserved flag is u(1) representing unsigned integer using 1 bit. 19. A non-transitory decoder-readable storage medium storing an encoded image information generated by an encoding process comprising:
configuring a picture parameter set (PPS) comprising a num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element specifying a number of extra bits for a slice segment header; configuring the slice segment header, wherein the slice segment header comprising zero or more reserved flags when a current slice segment is not a dependent slice segment, wherein a number of the reserved flags in the slice segment header is same as the number of extra bits which is determined based on the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element; and encoding image information including information on the picture parameter set and information on the slice segment header, wherein the picture parameter set further comprises a first picture parameter set identifier syntax element specifying an identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, and wherein the slice segment header further comprises a second picture parameter set identifier syntax element indicating the identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, wherein the slice segment header comprises a dependent slice segment flag representing whether the current slice segment is the dependent slice segment. 20. The non-transitory decoder-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is represented by 3 bits, and
wherein each of the reserved flag is represented by 1 bit. 21. The non-transitory decoder-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein a descriptor of the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is u(3) representing unsigned integer using 3 bits, and a descriptor of each of the reserved flag is u(1) representing unsigned integer using 1 bit. | A method for decoding an image according to the present invention comprises the steps of: receiving and parsing a parameter set including indication information which indicates the presence of withheld information to be used in the future; receiving and parsing a slide header including the withheld information, when the indication information indicates the presence of the withheld information; and decoding the image according to semantics and a value corresponding to the withheld information. As a result, provided are a method and an apparatus for describing an additional extension information indication in a bitstream supporting a hierarchical image.1-8. (canceled) 9. A picture decoding method, by a decoding apparatus, comprising:
receiving a picture parameter set (PPS) comprising a num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element specifying a number of extra bits for a slice segment header; receiving the slice segment header, wherein the slice segment header comprising zero or more reserved flags when a current slice segment is not a dependent slice segment, wherein a number of the reserved flags in the slice segment header is same as the number of extra bits which is determined based on the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element; and decoding a picture based on the slice segment header, wherein the picture parameter set further comprises a first picture parameter set identifier syntax element specifying an identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, wherein the slice segment header further comprises a second picture parameter set identifier syntax element indicating the identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, and wherein the slice segment header comprises a dependent slice segment flag representing whether the current slice segment is the dependent slice segment. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is signaled at a position following a syntax element specifying a sequence parameter set (SPS) identifier (ID) of an SPS activated in the picture parameter set. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the reserved flag is for a multi-viewpoint layer and a video supporting spatial scalability or a three-dimensional (3D) video. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is represented by 3 bits, and
wherein each of the reserved flag is represented by 1 bit. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein a descriptor of the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is u(3) representing unsigned integer using 3 bits, and a descriptor of each of the reserved flag is u(1) representing unsigned integer using 1 bit. 14. An image information encoding method, by an encoding apparatus, comprising:
configuring a picture parameter set (PPS) comprising a num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element specifying a number of extra bits for a slice segment header; configuring the slice segment header, wherein the slice segment header comprising zero or more reserved flags when a current slice segment is not a dependent slice segment, wherein a number of the reserved flags in the slice segment header is same as the number of extra bits which is determined based on the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element; and encoding image information including information on the picture parameter set and information on the slice segment header, wherein the picture parameter set further comprises a first picture parameter set identifier syntax element specifying an identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, and wherein the slice segment header further comprises a second picture parameter set identifier syntax element indicating the identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, wherein the slice segment header comprises a dependent slice segment flag representing whether the current slice segment is the dependent slice segment. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is signaled at a position following a syntax element specifying a sequence parameter set (SPS) identifier (ID) of an SPS activated in the picture parameter set. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the reserved flag is for a multi-viewpoint layer and a video supporting spatial scalability or a three-dimensional (3D) video. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is represented by 3 bits, and
wherein each of the reserved flag is represented by 1 bit. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein a descriptor of the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is u(3) representing unsigned integer using 3 bits, and a descriptor of each of the reserved flag is u(1) representing unsigned integer using 1 bit. 19. A non-transitory decoder-readable storage medium storing an encoded image information generated by an encoding process comprising:
configuring a picture parameter set (PPS) comprising a num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element specifying a number of extra bits for a slice segment header; configuring the slice segment header, wherein the slice segment header comprising zero or more reserved flags when a current slice segment is not a dependent slice segment, wherein a number of the reserved flags in the slice segment header is same as the number of extra bits which is determined based on the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element; and encoding image information including information on the picture parameter set and information on the slice segment header, wherein the picture parameter set further comprises a first picture parameter set identifier syntax element specifying an identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, and wherein the slice segment header further comprises a second picture parameter set identifier syntax element indicating the identifier (ID) of the picture parameter set, wherein the slice segment header comprises a dependent slice segment flag representing whether the current slice segment is the dependent slice segment. 20. The non-transitory decoder-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is represented by 3 bits, and
wherein each of the reserved flag is represented by 1 bit. 21. The non-transitory decoder-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein a descriptor of the num_extra_slice_header_bits syntax element is u(3) representing unsigned integer using 3 bits, and a descriptor of each of the reserved flag is u(1) representing unsigned integer using 1 bit. | 2,400 |
349,539 | 350,413 | 16,854,087 | 2,438 | A bending mechanism includes: an elongated support member; a swivel that is pivotably connected to a distal end of the support member; a first link that can transmit a driving force applied at the proximal end, to make the swivel pivot with respect to the support member; a second link that can transmit a driving force applied at the proximal end, to make the swivel pivot with respect to the support member; and a connector that is provided on at least one of the first and second links and that can switch the coupled state of one of the first and second links when a pivoting angle of the swivel exceeds a threshold such that the permissible stress of the one of the links has become less than the permissible stress of the other. | 1. A bending mechanism comprising:
an elongated support member extending along a longitudinal axis; a swivel that is pivotably connected to a distal end of the support member so as to be pivotable about an axis intersecting the longitudinal axis of the support member; a handle configured to be operated to pivot the swivel with respect to the support member by a pivoting angle determined in accordance with an amount of operation on the handle; a first link and a second link disposed opposite to the first link along the longitudinal axis of the support member, the first and second links each being coupled at a respective proximal end to the handle and being configured to transmit a driving force received from the handle to pivot the swivel with respect to the support member; and a connector that is provided on at least one of the first and second links, and includes a groove cam that has a guide groove, an engagement part of the at least one of the first and second links being engaged with the guide groove of the groove cam in a direction of the longitudinal axis, an engagement position between the guide groove and the engagement part being configured to be moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis in accordance with the amount of operation on the handle, wherein the connector is configured to switch one of the first and second links from a first coupled state to a second coupled state when a pivoting angle of the swivel exceeds a threshold such that a permissible stress of the one of the first and second links becomes less than a permissible stress of the other of the first and second links. 2. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein:
the guide groove comprises:
a first groove portion having a first width in the direction of the longitudinal axis such that when the engagement part is positioned in the first groove portion, the engagement part is fixed with respect to the guide groove in the direction of the longitudinal axis, and
a second groove portion having a second width in the direction of the longitudinal axis that is larger than the first width such that the engagement part is movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the guide groove when the engagement part is positioned in the second groove portion; and
in the first coupled state, the engagement part is in the first groove portion, and in the second coupled state, the engagement part is in the second groove portion. 3. The bending mechanism according to claim 2, wherein:
the connector is provided on each of the first link and the second link such that the connector is coupled to engagement parts of the first and second links, the guide groove further comprises a third groove portion sized such that when the engagement part is in the third groove portion, movement of the engagement part with respect to the guide groove in the direction of the longitudinal axis is restricted within a predetermined range, and the bending mechanism is configured to:
dispose the engagement parts in the third groove portion during a pivoting operation of the swivel, and
dispose one of the engagement parts in the second groove portion, and the other of the engagement parts in the first groove portion such that the one of the engagement parts is positioned distal of the other of the engagement parts in the direction of the longitudinal axis in a state in which the swivel has pivoted. 4. The bending mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the bending mechanism is configured to switch from a regulated state in which pivoting of the swivel is regulated to a pivotable state in which the swivel is pivotable and the engagement parts are disposed in the third groove portion in response to the handle undergoing a release operation. 5. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein:
at least one of the first and second links, on which the connector is provided, comprises:
a distal-end transmission member that is connected to a distal end of the connector and that is configured to move in the direction of the longitudinal axis; and
a proximal-end transmission member that is connected to a proximal end of the connector and that is configured to move in the direction of the longitudinal axis;
the connector comprises:
a bellcrank that is fixed to the proximal-end transmission member so as to be pivotable about a pivoting center; and
a groove cam that has a guide groove;
one end of the bellcrank is fixed to a proximal end of the distal-end transmission member; and when the pivoting angle exceeds the threshold, the other end of the bellcrank is configured to switch to a pivotable state from a fixed state in which the position of the bellcrank is fixed with respect to the guide groove in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. 6. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the connector allows the first link and the second link to transmit the driving force in both directions of the longitudinal axis of the support member. 7. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the bending mechanism is configured to reduce an external force transmitted to one of the first and second links when in the second coupled state. 8. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein:
the connector is configured to switch the one of the first and second links that is located on an outer side of a pivoting angle of the swivel between the first coupled state and the second coupled state; in the first coupled state, the engagement part is not movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the guide groove; and in the second coupled state, the engagement part is movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the guide groove. 9. The bending mechanism according to claim 8, wherein the other of the first and second links is located on an inner side of the pivoting angle of the swivel. 10. A bending mechanism comprising:
an elongated support member extending along a longitudinal axis; a swivel that is pivotably connected to a distal end of the support member so as to be pivotable about an axis intersecting the longitudinal axis of the support member; a handle configured to be operated to pivot the swivel with respect to the support member by a pivoting angle determined in accordance with an amount of operation on the handle; a first link and a second link disposed opposite to the first link along the longitudinal axis of the support member, the first and second links each being coupled at a respective proximal end to the handle and being configured to linearly move in the direction of the longitudinal axis to pivot the swivel with respect to the support member; and a connector including:
a first connector that is provided on the first link, and includes a first groove cam that has a first guide groove, a first engagement part of the first link being engaged with the first guide groove of the first groove cam in a direction of the longitudinal axis; and
a second connector that is provided on the second link, and includes a second groove cam that has a second guide groove, a second engagement part of the second link being engaged with the second guide groove of the second groove cam in a direction of the longitudinal axis;
wherein:
a first engagement position between the first guide groove and the first engagement part and a second engagement position between the second guide groove and the second engagement part are configured to be moved along the longitudinal axis in accordance with the amount of operation on the handle;
the connector is configured to switch one of the first and second links that is located on an outer side of a pivoting angle of the swivel from a first coupled state to a second coupled state when the pivoting angle of the swivel exceeds a threshold;
in the first coupled state, the one of the first and second engagement parts is not movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the one of the first and second guide grooves; and
in the second coupled state, the one of the first and second engagement parts is movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the one of the first and second guide grooves. 11. A medical manipulator comprising:
the bending mechanism according to claim 1; and a treatment tool that is attached to the pivoting member. | A bending mechanism includes: an elongated support member; a swivel that is pivotably connected to a distal end of the support member; a first link that can transmit a driving force applied at the proximal end, to make the swivel pivot with respect to the support member; a second link that can transmit a driving force applied at the proximal end, to make the swivel pivot with respect to the support member; and a connector that is provided on at least one of the first and second links and that can switch the coupled state of one of the first and second links when a pivoting angle of the swivel exceeds a threshold such that the permissible stress of the one of the links has become less than the permissible stress of the other.1. A bending mechanism comprising:
an elongated support member extending along a longitudinal axis; a swivel that is pivotably connected to a distal end of the support member so as to be pivotable about an axis intersecting the longitudinal axis of the support member; a handle configured to be operated to pivot the swivel with respect to the support member by a pivoting angle determined in accordance with an amount of operation on the handle; a first link and a second link disposed opposite to the first link along the longitudinal axis of the support member, the first and second links each being coupled at a respective proximal end to the handle and being configured to transmit a driving force received from the handle to pivot the swivel with respect to the support member; and a connector that is provided on at least one of the first and second links, and includes a groove cam that has a guide groove, an engagement part of the at least one of the first and second links being engaged with the guide groove of the groove cam in a direction of the longitudinal axis, an engagement position between the guide groove and the engagement part being configured to be moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis in accordance with the amount of operation on the handle, wherein the connector is configured to switch one of the first and second links from a first coupled state to a second coupled state when a pivoting angle of the swivel exceeds a threshold such that a permissible stress of the one of the first and second links becomes less than a permissible stress of the other of the first and second links. 2. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein:
the guide groove comprises:
a first groove portion having a first width in the direction of the longitudinal axis such that when the engagement part is positioned in the first groove portion, the engagement part is fixed with respect to the guide groove in the direction of the longitudinal axis, and
a second groove portion having a second width in the direction of the longitudinal axis that is larger than the first width such that the engagement part is movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the guide groove when the engagement part is positioned in the second groove portion; and
in the first coupled state, the engagement part is in the first groove portion, and in the second coupled state, the engagement part is in the second groove portion. 3. The bending mechanism according to claim 2, wherein:
the connector is provided on each of the first link and the second link such that the connector is coupled to engagement parts of the first and second links, the guide groove further comprises a third groove portion sized such that when the engagement part is in the third groove portion, movement of the engagement part with respect to the guide groove in the direction of the longitudinal axis is restricted within a predetermined range, and the bending mechanism is configured to:
dispose the engagement parts in the third groove portion during a pivoting operation of the swivel, and
dispose one of the engagement parts in the second groove portion, and the other of the engagement parts in the first groove portion such that the one of the engagement parts is positioned distal of the other of the engagement parts in the direction of the longitudinal axis in a state in which the swivel has pivoted. 4. The bending mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the bending mechanism is configured to switch from a regulated state in which pivoting of the swivel is regulated to a pivotable state in which the swivel is pivotable and the engagement parts are disposed in the third groove portion in response to the handle undergoing a release operation. 5. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein:
at least one of the first and second links, on which the connector is provided, comprises:
a distal-end transmission member that is connected to a distal end of the connector and that is configured to move in the direction of the longitudinal axis; and
a proximal-end transmission member that is connected to a proximal end of the connector and that is configured to move in the direction of the longitudinal axis;
the connector comprises:
a bellcrank that is fixed to the proximal-end transmission member so as to be pivotable about a pivoting center; and
a groove cam that has a guide groove;
one end of the bellcrank is fixed to a proximal end of the distal-end transmission member; and when the pivoting angle exceeds the threshold, the other end of the bellcrank is configured to switch to a pivotable state from a fixed state in which the position of the bellcrank is fixed with respect to the guide groove in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. 6. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the connector allows the first link and the second link to transmit the driving force in both directions of the longitudinal axis of the support member. 7. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the bending mechanism is configured to reduce an external force transmitted to one of the first and second links when in the second coupled state. 8. The bending mechanism according to claim 1, wherein:
the connector is configured to switch the one of the first and second links that is located on an outer side of a pivoting angle of the swivel between the first coupled state and the second coupled state; in the first coupled state, the engagement part is not movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the guide groove; and in the second coupled state, the engagement part is movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the guide groove. 9. The bending mechanism according to claim 8, wherein the other of the first and second links is located on an inner side of the pivoting angle of the swivel. 10. A bending mechanism comprising:
an elongated support member extending along a longitudinal axis; a swivel that is pivotably connected to a distal end of the support member so as to be pivotable about an axis intersecting the longitudinal axis of the support member; a handle configured to be operated to pivot the swivel with respect to the support member by a pivoting angle determined in accordance with an amount of operation on the handle; a first link and a second link disposed opposite to the first link along the longitudinal axis of the support member, the first and second links each being coupled at a respective proximal end to the handle and being configured to linearly move in the direction of the longitudinal axis to pivot the swivel with respect to the support member; and a connector including:
a first connector that is provided on the first link, and includes a first groove cam that has a first guide groove, a first engagement part of the first link being engaged with the first guide groove of the first groove cam in a direction of the longitudinal axis; and
a second connector that is provided on the second link, and includes a second groove cam that has a second guide groove, a second engagement part of the second link being engaged with the second guide groove of the second groove cam in a direction of the longitudinal axis;
wherein:
a first engagement position between the first guide groove and the first engagement part and a second engagement position between the second guide groove and the second engagement part are configured to be moved along the longitudinal axis in accordance with the amount of operation on the handle;
the connector is configured to switch one of the first and second links that is located on an outer side of a pivoting angle of the swivel from a first coupled state to a second coupled state when the pivoting angle of the swivel exceeds a threshold;
in the first coupled state, the one of the first and second engagement parts is not movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the one of the first and second guide grooves; and
in the second coupled state, the one of the first and second engagement parts is movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis with respect to the one of the first and second guide grooves. 11. A medical manipulator comprising:
the bending mechanism according to claim 1; and a treatment tool that is attached to the pivoting member. | 2,400 |
349,540 | 350,414 | 16,854,118 | 2,438 | Non-mammalian, transgenic animals, e.g., flies, that include a RAS transgene, are provided. Also provided are methods of using the subject transgenic non-mammalian animals to identify compounds having activity with respect to cellular proliferative, such as neoplastic, diseases. | 1. A non-mammalian mutant animal, wherein said animal comprises a RAS transgene. 2. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the RAS transgene is a kRAS transgene. 3. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 2, wherein the kRAS transgene is a human kRAS transgene. 4. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 3, wherein the human kRAS transgene comprises a point mutation. 5. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the animal is an invertebrate. 6. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 5, wherein the invertebrate is an insect. 7. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 6, wherein the insect is a fly. 8. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 7, wherein the fly is a member of the family Drosophilidae. 9. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 8, wherein the fly is a Drosophila melanogaster. 10. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the transgene is ubiquitously expressed. 11. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the transgene is expressed in a tissue specific manner. 12. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 11, wherein the transgene is expressed in wing-tissue. 13. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the transgene is expressed in a developmental specific manner. 14. A method of screening a compound for activity with respect to a cellular proliferative disease, the method comprising:
administering the compound to a non-mammalian transgenic animal according to claim 1; and observing the effect of the compound on the non-mammalian transgenic animal. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the method comprises:
feeding a plurality of compounds to a plurality of non-mammalian transgenic animals in a manner sufficient to ensure that each animal is fed only a single type compound from the plurality of compounds; and observing the effect of said compounds on the plurality of animals. | Non-mammalian, transgenic animals, e.g., flies, that include a RAS transgene, are provided. Also provided are methods of using the subject transgenic non-mammalian animals to identify compounds having activity with respect to cellular proliferative, such as neoplastic, diseases.1. A non-mammalian mutant animal, wherein said animal comprises a RAS transgene. 2. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the RAS transgene is a kRAS transgene. 3. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 2, wherein the kRAS transgene is a human kRAS transgene. 4. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 3, wherein the human kRAS transgene comprises a point mutation. 5. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the animal is an invertebrate. 6. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 5, wherein the invertebrate is an insect. 7. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 6, wherein the insect is a fly. 8. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 7, wherein the fly is a member of the family Drosophilidae. 9. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 8, wherein the fly is a Drosophila melanogaster. 10. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the transgene is ubiquitously expressed. 11. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the transgene is expressed in a tissue specific manner. 12. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 11, wherein the transgene is expressed in wing-tissue. 13. The non-mammalian mutant animal according to claim 1, wherein the transgene is expressed in a developmental specific manner. 14. A method of screening a compound for activity with respect to a cellular proliferative disease, the method comprising:
administering the compound to a non-mammalian transgenic animal according to claim 1; and observing the effect of the compound on the non-mammalian transgenic animal. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the method comprises:
feeding a plurality of compounds to a plurality of non-mammalian transgenic animals in a manner sufficient to ensure that each animal is fed only a single type compound from the plurality of compounds; and observing the effect of said compounds on the plurality of animals. | 2,400 |
349,541 | 350,415 | 16,854,060 | 2,438 | In one embodiment, an MRI apparatus includes: an RF coil configured to receive a magnetic resonance signal from an object and include a first wireless antenna with horizontal polarization; a main body provided with a bore and configured to apply an RF pulse to an object, the bore being a space in which the object is placed during imaging; and at least one second wireless antenna configured to perform wireless communication between the RF coil and the main body via the first wireless antenna, one of the at least one second wireless antenna being disposed at an uppermost portion in an outer periphery of an opening edge of the bore. | 1. An MRI apparatus comprising:
an RF coil configured to receive a magnetic resonance signal from an object and include a first wireless antenna with horizontal polarization; a main body provided with a bore and configured to apply an RF pulse to the object, the bore being a space in which the object is placed during imaging; and at least one second wireless antenna configured to perform wireless communication between the RF coil and the main body via the first wireless antenna, one of the at least one second wireless antenna being disposed at an uppermost portion in an outer periphery of an opening edge of the bore. 2. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first wireless antenna is disposed in such a manner that a main beam direction of the first wireless antenna is in a direction toward the opening edge of the bore. 3. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first wireless antenna is a dipole antenna or a monopole antenna, and the first wireless antenna is housed inside the RF coil or is mounted outside the RF coil. 4. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first wireless antenna is configured as an endfire array antenna having directivity in a direction toward the opening edge of the bore. 5. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first wireless antenna is configured as a Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna that can be controlled in directivity. 6. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second wireless antenna is configured as a polarization diversity antenna that includes a dipole antenna and a slot antenna. 7. The MRI apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the dipole antenna and the slot antenna are disposed in such a manner that an element of the dipole antenna and a slot of the slot antenna are arranged in parallel and side-by-side. 8. The MRI apparatus according to claim 7, wherein:
the slot antenna is disposed in such a manner that a conductor plate surrounding the slot is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the bore; and the dipole antenna is disposed at a position where the distance between the dipole antenna and the first wireless antenna is shorter than the distance between the slot antenna and the first wireless antenna, and wherein the dipole antenna is close to the slot antenna to such an extent that the conductor plate of the slot antenna functions as a reflector of the dipole antenna. 9. The MRI apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the slot antenna is configured as a slot antenna with a cavity resonator. 10. The MRI apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the at least one second wireless antenna constitutes the polarization diversity antenna at a time of reception by adding a reception signal of the dipole antenna and a reception signal of the slot antenna with a same weight. 11. The MRI apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the at least one second wireless antenna is configured to operate during transmission in such a manner that the at least one second wireless antenna feeds the dipole antenna by weighting a transmission signal with a first weight and feeds the slot antenna by weighting the transmission signal with a second weight; and the first weight and the second weight are values adjusted to maximize a composite signal of a reception signal of the dipole antenna after weighting and a reception signal of the slot antenna after weighting when a signal from the first wireless antenna is received by the at least one second wireless antenna at a position where the second wireless antenna is disposed. 12. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a housing configured to house the at least one second wireless antenna, wherein: the bore is formed in a cylindrical shape; and one side face of the housing is formed in an arc shape that conforms to a shape of an outer peripheral face of the bore. 13. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one second wireless antenna comprises a plurality of second wireless antennas; and the plurality of second wireless antennas are disposed at the outer periphery of the opening end of the bore in such a manner that the plurality of second wireless antennas are disposed in a left-right asymmetric manner except one second wireless antenna disposed at the uppermost portion. 14. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the at least one second wireless antenna comprises a plurality of second wireless antennas; and the plurality of second wireless antennas are disposed at half-wavelength intervals along the outer periphery of the opening end of the bore and are configured to be selectable in position and number from among the plurality of second wireless antennas. 15. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a biological information monitor that is connected to the RF coil and is configured to detect biological information of the object, wherein:
the biological information detected by the biological information monitor is wirelessly transmitted to the main body via the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna; and the biological information monitor includes
at least one biological-information monitoring antenna disposed close to the object,
a signal generator configured to generate a high-frequency signal,
a coupling-amount detector configured to detect coupling amount of near-field coupling due to an electric field between the object and the biological information monitoring antenna by using the high-frequency signal, and
a displacement detector configured to detect biological information of the object by detecting a physical displacement of the object based on change in coupling amount of the near-field coupling. 16. The MRI apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the biological-information monitoring antenna is disposed at one face of the RF coil or an opposite face of the RF coil, the one face being on a side of the object, the opposite face being on an opposite side of the object. 17. The MRI apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the biological-information monitoring antenna is disposed in such a manner that a longitudinal direction of an element of the biological-information monitoring antenna becomes substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of an element of the first wireless antenna. 18. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna are antennas configured to suppress an induced signal caused by application of the RF pulse; and the RF coil and the main body are configured to perform wireless communication via the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna in such a manner that the magnetic resonance signal received by the RF coil is continuously transmitted from the RF coil to the main body regardless of whether the RF pulse is applied or not. 19. The MRI apparatus according to claim 15, wherein:
the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna are antennas configured to suppress an induced signal caused by application of the RF pulse; and the RF coil and the main body are configured to perform wireless communication via the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna in such a manner that the magnetic resonance signal received by the RF coil and the biological information detected by the biological information monitor are continuously transmitted from the RF coil to the main body regardless of whether the RF pulse is applied or not. 20. The MRI apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the biological-information monitoring antenna is configured to suppress an induced signal caused by application of the RF pulse. | In one embodiment, an MRI apparatus includes: an RF coil configured to receive a magnetic resonance signal from an object and include a first wireless antenna with horizontal polarization; a main body provided with a bore and configured to apply an RF pulse to an object, the bore being a space in which the object is placed during imaging; and at least one second wireless antenna configured to perform wireless communication between the RF coil and the main body via the first wireless antenna, one of the at least one second wireless antenna being disposed at an uppermost portion in an outer periphery of an opening edge of the bore.1. An MRI apparatus comprising:
an RF coil configured to receive a magnetic resonance signal from an object and include a first wireless antenna with horizontal polarization; a main body provided with a bore and configured to apply an RF pulse to the object, the bore being a space in which the object is placed during imaging; and at least one second wireless antenna configured to perform wireless communication between the RF coil and the main body via the first wireless antenna, one of the at least one second wireless antenna being disposed at an uppermost portion in an outer periphery of an opening edge of the bore. 2. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first wireless antenna is disposed in such a manner that a main beam direction of the first wireless antenna is in a direction toward the opening edge of the bore. 3. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first wireless antenna is a dipole antenna or a monopole antenna, and the first wireless antenna is housed inside the RF coil or is mounted outside the RF coil. 4. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first wireless antenna is configured as an endfire array antenna having directivity in a direction toward the opening edge of the bore. 5. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first wireless antenna is configured as a Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna that can be controlled in directivity. 6. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second wireless antenna is configured as a polarization diversity antenna that includes a dipole antenna and a slot antenna. 7. The MRI apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the dipole antenna and the slot antenna are disposed in such a manner that an element of the dipole antenna and a slot of the slot antenna are arranged in parallel and side-by-side. 8. The MRI apparatus according to claim 7, wherein:
the slot antenna is disposed in such a manner that a conductor plate surrounding the slot is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the bore; and the dipole antenna is disposed at a position where the distance between the dipole antenna and the first wireless antenna is shorter than the distance between the slot antenna and the first wireless antenna, and wherein the dipole antenna is close to the slot antenna to such an extent that the conductor plate of the slot antenna functions as a reflector of the dipole antenna. 9. The MRI apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the slot antenna is configured as a slot antenna with a cavity resonator. 10. The MRI apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the at least one second wireless antenna constitutes the polarization diversity antenna at a time of reception by adding a reception signal of the dipole antenna and a reception signal of the slot antenna with a same weight. 11. The MRI apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the at least one second wireless antenna is configured to operate during transmission in such a manner that the at least one second wireless antenna feeds the dipole antenna by weighting a transmission signal with a first weight and feeds the slot antenna by weighting the transmission signal with a second weight; and the first weight and the second weight are values adjusted to maximize a composite signal of a reception signal of the dipole antenna after weighting and a reception signal of the slot antenna after weighting when a signal from the first wireless antenna is received by the at least one second wireless antenna at a position where the second wireless antenna is disposed. 12. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a housing configured to house the at least one second wireless antenna, wherein: the bore is formed in a cylindrical shape; and one side face of the housing is formed in an arc shape that conforms to a shape of an outer peripheral face of the bore. 13. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one second wireless antenna comprises a plurality of second wireless antennas; and the plurality of second wireless antennas are disposed at the outer periphery of the opening end of the bore in such a manner that the plurality of second wireless antennas are disposed in a left-right asymmetric manner except one second wireless antenna disposed at the uppermost portion. 14. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the at least one second wireless antenna comprises a plurality of second wireless antennas; and the plurality of second wireless antennas are disposed at half-wavelength intervals along the outer periphery of the opening end of the bore and are configured to be selectable in position and number from among the plurality of second wireless antennas. 15. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a biological information monitor that is connected to the RF coil and is configured to detect biological information of the object, wherein:
the biological information detected by the biological information monitor is wirelessly transmitted to the main body via the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna; and the biological information monitor includes
at least one biological-information monitoring antenna disposed close to the object,
a signal generator configured to generate a high-frequency signal,
a coupling-amount detector configured to detect coupling amount of near-field coupling due to an electric field between the object and the biological information monitoring antenna by using the high-frequency signal, and
a displacement detector configured to detect biological information of the object by detecting a physical displacement of the object based on change in coupling amount of the near-field coupling. 16. The MRI apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the biological-information monitoring antenna is disposed at one face of the RF coil or an opposite face of the RF coil, the one face being on a side of the object, the opposite face being on an opposite side of the object. 17. The MRI apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the biological-information monitoring antenna is disposed in such a manner that a longitudinal direction of an element of the biological-information monitoring antenna becomes substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of an element of the first wireless antenna. 18. The MRI apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna are antennas configured to suppress an induced signal caused by application of the RF pulse; and the RF coil and the main body are configured to perform wireless communication via the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna in such a manner that the magnetic resonance signal received by the RF coil is continuously transmitted from the RF coil to the main body regardless of whether the RF pulse is applied or not. 19. The MRI apparatus according to claim 15, wherein:
the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna are antennas configured to suppress an induced signal caused by application of the RF pulse; and the RF coil and the main body are configured to perform wireless communication via the first wireless antenna and the at least one second wireless antenna in such a manner that the magnetic resonance signal received by the RF coil and the biological information detected by the biological information monitor are continuously transmitted from the RF coil to the main body regardless of whether the RF pulse is applied or not. 20. The MRI apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the biological-information monitoring antenna is configured to suppress an induced signal caused by application of the RF pulse. | 2,400 |
349,542 | 350,416 | 16,854,095 | 2,438 | Methods of compressing a stented prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. The method including inserting a stented prosthetic heart valve having a self-expandable stent frame into a container, initiating a cooling element in the container, transferring heat through a thermal conductor to cool an interior of the container, reducing a temperature of the self-expandable stent frame while located within the container to a critical temperature of not greater than 8° C., and compressing an outer diameter of the stented prosthetic heart valve while the stented prosthetic heart valve is at the critical temperature. | 1. A method for compressing stented prosthetic heart valve, the method comprising:
receiving a stented prosthetic heart valve in an expanded state and at a first temperature; inserting the stented prosthetic heart valve into a dwell chamber of a cooling device; following the step of inserting, transferring heat from the dwell chamber; wherein the step of transferring includes maintaining the stented prosthetic heart valve in the dwell chamber for a dwell time period sufficient to reduce a temperature of the prosthetic heart valve from the first temperature to a critical temperature to provide a cooled stented prosthetic heart valve; and extracting the cooled stented prosthetic heart valve from the dwell chamber through a passageway of the cooling device to compress the cooled prosthetic heart valve. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the passage way terminates at a delivery port opposite the dwell chamber, and further wherein a diameter of the passageway at the delivery port is less than a diameter of the dwell chamber. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of transferring includes operating a cooling element. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cooling element is maintained in a cooling element chamber of the cooling device apart from the dwell chamber. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of operating includes initiating an endothermic reaction between two liquids to occur. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of operating includes circulating a coolant through a coil. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of operating includes powering a thermoelectric cooler. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the critical temperature is not greater than 10° C. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the stented prosthetic heart valve is maintained in a dry state within the dwell chamber. 10. A method of loading a stented prosthetic heart valve into a transcatheter deliver system, the method comprising:
receiving a stented prosthetic heart valve in an expanded state and at a first temperature; inserting the stented prosthetic heart valve into a dwell chamber of a cooling device; following the step of inserting, transferring heat from the dwell chamber; wherein the step of transferring includes maintaining the stented prosthetic heart valve in the dwell chamber for a dwell time period sufficient to reduce a temperature of the prosthetic heart valve from the first temperature to a critical temperature to provide a cooled stented prosthetic heart valve; extracting the cooled stented prosthetic heart valve from the dwell chamber through a passageway of the cooling device to compress the cooled prosthetic heart valve; and transferring the compressed stented prosthetic heart valve into a transcatheter delivery system. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the passage way terminates at a delivery port opposite the dwell chamber, and further wherein a diameter of the passageway at the delivery port is less than a diameter of the dwell chamber. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of transferring includes operating a cooling element. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cooling element is maintained in a cooling element chamber of the cooling device apart from the dwell chamber. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of operating includes initiating an endothermic reaction between two liquids to occur. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of operating includes circulating a coolant through a coil. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of operating includes powering a thermoelectric cooler. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the critical temperature is not greater than 10° C. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the stented prosthetic heart valve is maintained in a dry state within the dwell chamber. | Methods of compressing a stented prosthetic heart valve are disclosed. The method including inserting a stented prosthetic heart valve having a self-expandable stent frame into a container, initiating a cooling element in the container, transferring heat through a thermal conductor to cool an interior of the container, reducing a temperature of the self-expandable stent frame while located within the container to a critical temperature of not greater than 8° C., and compressing an outer diameter of the stented prosthetic heart valve while the stented prosthetic heart valve is at the critical temperature.1. A method for compressing stented prosthetic heart valve, the method comprising:
receiving a stented prosthetic heart valve in an expanded state and at a first temperature; inserting the stented prosthetic heart valve into a dwell chamber of a cooling device; following the step of inserting, transferring heat from the dwell chamber; wherein the step of transferring includes maintaining the stented prosthetic heart valve in the dwell chamber for a dwell time period sufficient to reduce a temperature of the prosthetic heart valve from the first temperature to a critical temperature to provide a cooled stented prosthetic heart valve; and extracting the cooled stented prosthetic heart valve from the dwell chamber through a passageway of the cooling device to compress the cooled prosthetic heart valve. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the passage way terminates at a delivery port opposite the dwell chamber, and further wherein a diameter of the passageway at the delivery port is less than a diameter of the dwell chamber. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of transferring includes operating a cooling element. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cooling element is maintained in a cooling element chamber of the cooling device apart from the dwell chamber. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of operating includes initiating an endothermic reaction between two liquids to occur. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of operating includes circulating a coolant through a coil. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of operating includes powering a thermoelectric cooler. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the critical temperature is not greater than 10° C. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the stented prosthetic heart valve is maintained in a dry state within the dwell chamber. 10. A method of loading a stented prosthetic heart valve into a transcatheter deliver system, the method comprising:
receiving a stented prosthetic heart valve in an expanded state and at a first temperature; inserting the stented prosthetic heart valve into a dwell chamber of a cooling device; following the step of inserting, transferring heat from the dwell chamber; wherein the step of transferring includes maintaining the stented prosthetic heart valve in the dwell chamber for a dwell time period sufficient to reduce a temperature of the prosthetic heart valve from the first temperature to a critical temperature to provide a cooled stented prosthetic heart valve; extracting the cooled stented prosthetic heart valve from the dwell chamber through a passageway of the cooling device to compress the cooled prosthetic heart valve; and transferring the compressed stented prosthetic heart valve into a transcatheter delivery system. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the passage way terminates at a delivery port opposite the dwell chamber, and further wherein a diameter of the passageway at the delivery port is less than a diameter of the dwell chamber. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of transferring includes operating a cooling element. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cooling element is maintained in a cooling element chamber of the cooling device apart from the dwell chamber. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of operating includes initiating an endothermic reaction between two liquids to occur. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of operating includes circulating a coolant through a coil. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of operating includes powering a thermoelectric cooler. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the critical temperature is not greater than 10° C. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the stented prosthetic heart valve is maintained in a dry state within the dwell chamber. | 2,400 |
349,543 | 350,417 | 16,854,128 | 2,438 | An air treatment unit and method of treating air in a space using the air treatment unit. The air treatment unit has a frame and a source of UV light that is configured to generate UV light rays that disinfect air. The frame has a primary treatment volume and an associated air guidance assembly. Air within the primary treatment volume is controllably guided by the frame in a radially outwardly moving pattern while being exposed to light rays from the UV light source. | 1. An air treatment unit comprising:
a frame; a source of UV light that is configured to disinfect air; the frame and UV light source each configured to be mounted in an operative position so that operation of the UV light source causes UV light rays to disinfect air within a space, the frame configured to define a primary treatment volume with an axis, the frame further comprising an air guidance assembly, the air treatment unit configured so that air within the primary treatment volume is guided by the frame in a radially outwardly moving pattern substantially fully around the axis, air traveling in the radially outwardly moving pattern exposed to light rays from the UV light source so that the air is disinfected. 2. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 in combination with an air moving assembly that is configured to induce flow of air from within the primary treatment volume in the radially outwardly moving pattern. 3. The air treatment unit according to claim 2 wherein the air moving assembly is configured to cause air to be advanced axially relative to the frame into the primary treatment volume to induce flow of air from within the primary treatment volume in the radially outwardly moving pattern. 4. The air treatment unit according to claim 3 wherein the air moving assembly is configured to direct air under pressure axially into the primary treatment volume. 5. The air treatment unit according to claim 3 wherein the air moving assembly is configured to create a low pressure region that causes air to be advanced axially into the primary treatment volume. 6. The air treatment unit according to claim 3 wherein the air moving assembly is configured to create a low pressure region that causes air to be advanced axially from the primary treatment volume. 7. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the air moving assembly is maintained on the frame. 8. The air treatment unit according to claim 7 wherein the air moving assembly comprises a fan. 9. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the air moving assembly introduces air under pressure directly into the primary treatment volume. 10. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the air moving assembly introduces air under pressure into a space, in which the frame is placed in the operative position, at a location spaced from the frame. 11. The air treatment unit according to claim 9 wherein the air moving assembly comprises a duct with an outlet from which pressurized air is expelled into the primary treatment volume. 12. The air treatment unit according to claim 10 wherein the air moving assembly comprises a duct with an outlet from which pressurized air is expelled directly into a room in which the frame is placed in an operative position. 13. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the air guidance assembly is configured to define at least one elongate opening through which disinfected air is communicated from the primary treatment volume in the radially outwardly moving pattern. 14. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the source of UV light is radially spaced from and extends around the axis. 15. The air treatment unit according to claim 13 wherein the air guidance assembly comprises a plurality of slats and the at least one elongate opening comprises a louver volume between at least first and second of the spaced slats. 16. The air treatment unit according to claim 15 wherein the first and second spaced slats are in radially overlapping relationship. 17. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the source of UV light comprises a plurality of UV lamps at spaced angular positions around the axis. 18. The air treatment unit according to claim 17 wherein the plurality of UV lamps each is spaced from the axis. 19. The air treatment unit according to claim 17 wherein the plurality of UV lamps are spaced and configured to produce a substantially uniform density of UV light rays within the primary treatment volume. 20. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the frame has a square perimeter shape as viewed along the axis. 21. An air treatment unit comprising:
a frame; a source of UV light that is configured to disinfect air, the frame and UV light source each configured to be mounted in an operative position so that operation of the UV light source causes UV light rays to disinfect air within a space, the frame configured to define a primary treatment volume with an axis, the frame further comprising an air guidance assembly, the air treatment unit configured so that air within the primary treatment volume is guided by the frame in a radially outwardly moving pattern, wherein the air guidance assembly comprises a plurality of axially spaced slats including at least first and second slats between which a louver volume is defined, wherein the air treatment unit is configured to create multiple zones at which air is treated differently by UV light rays from the UV light source, wherein the multiple zones comprise: a) a first zone in the primary treatment volume; and b) a second zone in the louver volume. 22. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the first and second slats each is spaced radially from the axis. 23. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the UV light source comprises a UV lamp residing one of: a) within; and b) adjacent to, the primary treatment volume. 24. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the first and second louvers are axially spaced. 25. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the multiple zones further comprises a third zone that is radially outside of the first and second slats. 26. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the guide assembly extends through at least 90° around the axis. 27. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the guide assembly extends through at least 180° around the axis. 28. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the guide assembly extends through at least 270°. 29. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the guide assembly extends substantially fully around the axis. 30. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the air guidance assembly comprises third and fourth slats in radially overlapping relationship with the first and second slats with there being a louver volume between the second and third slats and a louver volume between the third and fourth slats, a plurality of the louver volumes exposed to UV light rays generated by the UV light source. 31. The air treatment unit according to claim 30 wherein the UV light source comprises a UV lamp with at least a part of the UV lamp spaced radially inwardly from the first, second, third, and fourth slats. 32. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the louver volume is bounded by axially facing surfaces on the first and second slats. 33. The air treatment unit according to claim 30 wherein the first, second, third, and fourth slats each is flat and resides in a respective plane. 34. The air treatment unit according to claim 33 wherein the planes of the first, second, third, and fourth slats are substantially parallel. 35. The air treatment unit according to claim 34 wherein the planes of the first, second, third, and fourth slats are substantially orthogonal to the axis. 36. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the UV light source comprises a plurality of UV lamps spaced around the axis at substantially a same axial location. 37. The air treatment unit according to claim 36 wherein the UV light source comprises at least four UV lamps spaced around the axis such that each of radial lines from the axis spaced at 90° passes through a different one of the four UV lamps. 38. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 in combination with an air moving assembly that is configured to induce flow of air from within the primary treatment volume in the radially outwardly moving pattern. 39. The air treatment unit according to claim 38 wherein the air moving assembly is maintained on the frame. 40. The air treatment unit according to claim 38 wherein the air moving assembly introduces air under pressure into a space, in which the frame is placed in the operative position, at a location spaced from the frame. 41. A method of treating air in a space, the method comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining an air treatment unit comprising: a frame configured to define a primary treatment volume with an axis; and a source of UV light; b) placing the frame in an operative position relative to the space; and c) causing: i) air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume and become disinfected by being exposed to UV rays generated by the source of UV light; and ii) the disinfected air to be controllably guided through the frame in a radially outwardly moving pattern extending through at least 90° around the axis. 42. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the frame comprises a plurality of slats including first and second slats between which a louver volume is defined and the disinfected air from within the primary treatment volume is guided radially through the louver volume and further disinfected by being exposed to UV rays generated by the UV light source within the louver volume. 43. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 42 further comprising the step of causing air moved guidingly through the frame to be expelled from the louver volume and further disinfected by UV rays generated by the UV light source radially outside of the louver volume. 44. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the step of causing air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume comprises causing air within the space to be moved axially relative to the primary treatment space. 45. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the step of causing air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume comprises causing the air within the space to be moved radially relative to the primary treatment space. 46. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the air treatment unit comprise a fan on the frame and the method comprises the step of operating the fan to cause air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume. 47. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the step of causing air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume comprises causing air pressure to be generated through an outlet spaced from the frame. 48. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the radially outwardly moving pattern extends through at least 180°. 49. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the radially outwardly moving pattern extends through at least 270°. 50. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the radially outwardly moving pattern extends substantially fully around the axis. 51. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 42 wherein the first and second slats respectively have substantially flat first and second surfaces that radially overlap, face each other, and bound the louver volume. 52. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 51 wherein the first and second surfaces are substantially parallel and orthogonal to the axis. | An air treatment unit and method of treating air in a space using the air treatment unit. The air treatment unit has a frame and a source of UV light that is configured to generate UV light rays that disinfect air. The frame has a primary treatment volume and an associated air guidance assembly. Air within the primary treatment volume is controllably guided by the frame in a radially outwardly moving pattern while being exposed to light rays from the UV light source.1. An air treatment unit comprising:
a frame; a source of UV light that is configured to disinfect air; the frame and UV light source each configured to be mounted in an operative position so that operation of the UV light source causes UV light rays to disinfect air within a space, the frame configured to define a primary treatment volume with an axis, the frame further comprising an air guidance assembly, the air treatment unit configured so that air within the primary treatment volume is guided by the frame in a radially outwardly moving pattern substantially fully around the axis, air traveling in the radially outwardly moving pattern exposed to light rays from the UV light source so that the air is disinfected. 2. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 in combination with an air moving assembly that is configured to induce flow of air from within the primary treatment volume in the radially outwardly moving pattern. 3. The air treatment unit according to claim 2 wherein the air moving assembly is configured to cause air to be advanced axially relative to the frame into the primary treatment volume to induce flow of air from within the primary treatment volume in the radially outwardly moving pattern. 4. The air treatment unit according to claim 3 wherein the air moving assembly is configured to direct air under pressure axially into the primary treatment volume. 5. The air treatment unit according to claim 3 wherein the air moving assembly is configured to create a low pressure region that causes air to be advanced axially into the primary treatment volume. 6. The air treatment unit according to claim 3 wherein the air moving assembly is configured to create a low pressure region that causes air to be advanced axially from the primary treatment volume. 7. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the air moving assembly is maintained on the frame. 8. The air treatment unit according to claim 7 wherein the air moving assembly comprises a fan. 9. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the air moving assembly introduces air under pressure directly into the primary treatment volume. 10. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the air moving assembly introduces air under pressure into a space, in which the frame is placed in the operative position, at a location spaced from the frame. 11. The air treatment unit according to claim 9 wherein the air moving assembly comprises a duct with an outlet from which pressurized air is expelled into the primary treatment volume. 12. The air treatment unit according to claim 10 wherein the air moving assembly comprises a duct with an outlet from which pressurized air is expelled directly into a room in which the frame is placed in an operative position. 13. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the air guidance assembly is configured to define at least one elongate opening through which disinfected air is communicated from the primary treatment volume in the radially outwardly moving pattern. 14. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the source of UV light is radially spaced from and extends around the axis. 15. The air treatment unit according to claim 13 wherein the air guidance assembly comprises a plurality of slats and the at least one elongate opening comprises a louver volume between at least first and second of the spaced slats. 16. The air treatment unit according to claim 15 wherein the first and second spaced slats are in radially overlapping relationship. 17. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the source of UV light comprises a plurality of UV lamps at spaced angular positions around the axis. 18. The air treatment unit according to claim 17 wherein the plurality of UV lamps each is spaced from the axis. 19. The air treatment unit according to claim 17 wherein the plurality of UV lamps are spaced and configured to produce a substantially uniform density of UV light rays within the primary treatment volume. 20. The air treatment unit according to claim 1 wherein the frame has a square perimeter shape as viewed along the axis. 21. An air treatment unit comprising:
a frame; a source of UV light that is configured to disinfect air, the frame and UV light source each configured to be mounted in an operative position so that operation of the UV light source causes UV light rays to disinfect air within a space, the frame configured to define a primary treatment volume with an axis, the frame further comprising an air guidance assembly, the air treatment unit configured so that air within the primary treatment volume is guided by the frame in a radially outwardly moving pattern, wherein the air guidance assembly comprises a plurality of axially spaced slats including at least first and second slats between which a louver volume is defined, wherein the air treatment unit is configured to create multiple zones at which air is treated differently by UV light rays from the UV light source, wherein the multiple zones comprise: a) a first zone in the primary treatment volume; and b) a second zone in the louver volume. 22. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the first and second slats each is spaced radially from the axis. 23. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the UV light source comprises a UV lamp residing one of: a) within; and b) adjacent to, the primary treatment volume. 24. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the first and second louvers are axially spaced. 25. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the multiple zones further comprises a third zone that is radially outside of the first and second slats. 26. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the guide assembly extends through at least 90° around the axis. 27. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the guide assembly extends through at least 180° around the axis. 28. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the guide assembly extends through at least 270°. 29. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the guide assembly extends substantially fully around the axis. 30. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the air guidance assembly comprises third and fourth slats in radially overlapping relationship with the first and second slats with there being a louver volume between the second and third slats and a louver volume between the third and fourth slats, a plurality of the louver volumes exposed to UV light rays generated by the UV light source. 31. The air treatment unit according to claim 30 wherein the UV light source comprises a UV lamp with at least a part of the UV lamp spaced radially inwardly from the first, second, third, and fourth slats. 32. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the louver volume is bounded by axially facing surfaces on the first and second slats. 33. The air treatment unit according to claim 30 wherein the first, second, third, and fourth slats each is flat and resides in a respective plane. 34. The air treatment unit according to claim 33 wherein the planes of the first, second, third, and fourth slats are substantially parallel. 35. The air treatment unit according to claim 34 wherein the planes of the first, second, third, and fourth slats are substantially orthogonal to the axis. 36. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 wherein the UV light source comprises a plurality of UV lamps spaced around the axis at substantially a same axial location. 37. The air treatment unit according to claim 36 wherein the UV light source comprises at least four UV lamps spaced around the axis such that each of radial lines from the axis spaced at 90° passes through a different one of the four UV lamps. 38. The air treatment unit according to claim 21 in combination with an air moving assembly that is configured to induce flow of air from within the primary treatment volume in the radially outwardly moving pattern. 39. The air treatment unit according to claim 38 wherein the air moving assembly is maintained on the frame. 40. The air treatment unit according to claim 38 wherein the air moving assembly introduces air under pressure into a space, in which the frame is placed in the operative position, at a location spaced from the frame. 41. A method of treating air in a space, the method comprising the steps of:
a) obtaining an air treatment unit comprising: a frame configured to define a primary treatment volume with an axis; and a source of UV light; b) placing the frame in an operative position relative to the space; and c) causing: i) air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume and become disinfected by being exposed to UV rays generated by the source of UV light; and ii) the disinfected air to be controllably guided through the frame in a radially outwardly moving pattern extending through at least 90° around the axis. 42. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the frame comprises a plurality of slats including first and second slats between which a louver volume is defined and the disinfected air from within the primary treatment volume is guided radially through the louver volume and further disinfected by being exposed to UV rays generated by the UV light source within the louver volume. 43. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 42 further comprising the step of causing air moved guidingly through the frame to be expelled from the louver volume and further disinfected by UV rays generated by the UV light source radially outside of the louver volume. 44. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the step of causing air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume comprises causing air within the space to be moved axially relative to the primary treatment space. 45. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the step of causing air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume comprises causing the air within the space to be moved radially relative to the primary treatment space. 46. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the air treatment unit comprise a fan on the frame and the method comprises the step of operating the fan to cause air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume. 47. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the step of causing air within the space to be moved into the primary treatment volume comprises causing air pressure to be generated through an outlet spaced from the frame. 48. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the radially outwardly moving pattern extends through at least 180°. 49. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the radially outwardly moving pattern extends through at least 270°. 50. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 41 wherein the radially outwardly moving pattern extends substantially fully around the axis. 51. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 42 wherein the first and second slats respectively have substantially flat first and second surfaces that radially overlap, face each other, and bound the louver volume. 52. The method of treating air in a space according to claim 51 wherein the first and second surfaces are substantially parallel and orthogonal to the axis. | 2,400 |
349,544 | 350,418 | 16,854,101 | 2,438 | A method, computer-readable storage medium, and device for generating a character model. The method comprises: receiving an input image of a reference subject; processing the input image to generate a normalized image; identifying a set of features present in the normalized image, wherein each feature in the set of features corresponds to a portion of a head or body of the reference subject; for each feature in the set of features, processing at least a portion of the normalized image including the feature by a neural network model corresponding to the feature to generate a parameter vector corresponding to the feature; and combining the parameter vectors output by respective neural network models corresponding to respective features in the set of features to generate a parameterized character model corresponding to reference subject in the input image. | 1. A method for generating a character model, the method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors, an input image of a reference subject; processing, by the one or more processors, the input image to generate a normalized image; identifying, by the one or more processors, a set of features present in the normalized image, wherein each feature in the set of features corresponds to a portion of a head or body of the reference subject; for each feature in the set of features, processing, by the one or more processors, at least a portion of the normalized image including the feature by a neural network model corresponding to the feature to generate a parameter vector corresponding to the feature; and combining, by the one or more processors, the parameter vectors output by respective neural network models corresponding to respective features in the set of features to generate a parameterized character model corresponding to reference subject in the input image. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the input image is a photo captured by a camera of a user or an image uploaded by the user. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein processing the input image to generate the normalized image comprises:
performing at least one of rotating, cropping, or resizing the input image; and applying at least one filter to smooth and/or reduce detail in the input image. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parameterized character model is capable of being processed by a game engine of a video game to render an image of a character corresponding to the parameterized character model. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein for a first feature in the set of features, a parameter vector output by a first neural network model corresponding to the first feature comprises a set of parameter values for parameters associated with the first feature. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the first feature comprises a face shape, a hair style, ears, eyebrows, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, chin, jaw, or facial hair 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features comprises:
capturing a set of images of one or more existing character assets; identifying a set of parameterized character models corresponding to the images in the set of images of one or more existing character assets, wherein each image of an existing character asset corresponds to a separate parameterized character model representing the existing character asset in the image; and for each feature in the set of features, inputting at least a portion of each image of an existing character asset and at least a portion of the corresponding parameterized character model into a neural network model corresponding to the feature to train the neural network model corresponding to the feature. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein for a first neural network model corresponding to a first feature, the first neural network model includes:
an encoder configured to process an image received by the encoder to generate a parameter vector for the first feature corresponding to the first neural network model. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, causes a computing device to generate a character model, by performing the steps of:
receiving an input image of a reference subject; processing the input image to generate a normalized image; identifying a set of features present in the normalized image, wherein each feature in the set of features corresponds to a portion of a head or body of the reference subject; for each feature in the set of features, processing at least a portion of the normalized image including the feature by a neural network model corresponding to the feature to generate a parameter vector corresponding to the feature; and combining the parameter vectors output by respective neural network models corresponding to respective features in the set of features to generate a parameterized character model corresponding to reference subject in the input image. 11. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein the input image is a photo captured by a camera of a user or an image uploaded by the user. 12. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein processing the input image to generate the normalized image comprises:
performing at least one of rotating, cropping, or resizing the input image; and applying at least one filter to smooth and/or reduce detail in the input image. 13. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein the parameterized character model is capable of being processed by a game engine of a video game to render an image of a character corresponding to the parameterized character model. 14. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein for a first feature in the set of features, a parameter vector output by a first neural network model corresponding to the first feature comprises a set of parameter values for parameters associated with the first feature. 15. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 14, wherein the first feature comprises a face shape, a hair style, ears, eyebrows, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, chin, jaw, or facial hair 16. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, further comprising training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features. 17. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features comprises:
capturing a set of images of one or more existing character assets; identifying a set of parameterized character models corresponding to the images in the set of images of one or more existing character assets, wherein each image of an existing character asset corresponds to a separate parameterized character model representing the existing character asset in the image; and for each feature in the set of features, inputting at least a portion of each image of an existing character asset and at least a portion of the corresponding parameterized character model into a neural network model corresponding to the feature to train the neural network model corresponding to the feature. 18. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 17, wherein for a first neural network model corresponding to a first feature, the first neural network model includes:
an encoder configured to process an image received by the encoder to generate a parameter vector for the first feature corresponding to the first neural network model. 19. A device for generating a character model, the device comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and one or more processors configured to the execute the instructions to cause the device to:
receive an input image of a reference subject;
process the input image to generate a normalized image;
identify a set of features present in the normalized image, wherein each feature in the set of features corresponds to a portion of a head or body of the reference subject;
for each feature in the set of features, process at least a portion of the normalized image including the feature by a neural network model corresponding to the feature to generate a parameter vector corresponding to the feature; and
combine the parameter vectors output by respective neural network models corresponding to respective features in the set of features to generate a parameterized character model corresponding to reference subject in the input image. 20. The device according to claim 19, wherein executing the instructions further causes the device to train a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features, training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features comprises:
capturing a set of images of one or more existing character assets; identifying a set of parameterized character models corresponding to the images in the set of images of one or more existing character assets, wherein each image of an existing character asset corresponds to a separate parameterized character model representing the existing character asset in the image; and for each feature in the set of features, inputting at least a portion of each image of an existing character asset and at least a portion of the corresponding parameterized character model into a neural network model corresponding to the feature to train the neural network model corresponding to the feature. | A method, computer-readable storage medium, and device for generating a character model. The method comprises: receiving an input image of a reference subject; processing the input image to generate a normalized image; identifying a set of features present in the normalized image, wherein each feature in the set of features corresponds to a portion of a head or body of the reference subject; for each feature in the set of features, processing at least a portion of the normalized image including the feature by a neural network model corresponding to the feature to generate a parameter vector corresponding to the feature; and combining the parameter vectors output by respective neural network models corresponding to respective features in the set of features to generate a parameterized character model corresponding to reference subject in the input image.1. A method for generating a character model, the method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors, an input image of a reference subject; processing, by the one or more processors, the input image to generate a normalized image; identifying, by the one or more processors, a set of features present in the normalized image, wherein each feature in the set of features corresponds to a portion of a head or body of the reference subject; for each feature in the set of features, processing, by the one or more processors, at least a portion of the normalized image including the feature by a neural network model corresponding to the feature to generate a parameter vector corresponding to the feature; and combining, by the one or more processors, the parameter vectors output by respective neural network models corresponding to respective features in the set of features to generate a parameterized character model corresponding to reference subject in the input image. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the input image is a photo captured by a camera of a user or an image uploaded by the user. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein processing the input image to generate the normalized image comprises:
performing at least one of rotating, cropping, or resizing the input image; and applying at least one filter to smooth and/or reduce detail in the input image. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parameterized character model is capable of being processed by a game engine of a video game to render an image of a character corresponding to the parameterized character model. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein for a first feature in the set of features, a parameter vector output by a first neural network model corresponding to the first feature comprises a set of parameter values for parameters associated with the first feature. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the first feature comprises a face shape, a hair style, ears, eyebrows, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, chin, jaw, or facial hair 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features comprises:
capturing a set of images of one or more existing character assets; identifying a set of parameterized character models corresponding to the images in the set of images of one or more existing character assets, wherein each image of an existing character asset corresponds to a separate parameterized character model representing the existing character asset in the image; and for each feature in the set of features, inputting at least a portion of each image of an existing character asset and at least a portion of the corresponding parameterized character model into a neural network model corresponding to the feature to train the neural network model corresponding to the feature. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein for a first neural network model corresponding to a first feature, the first neural network model includes:
an encoder configured to process an image received by the encoder to generate a parameter vector for the first feature corresponding to the first neural network model. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, causes a computing device to generate a character model, by performing the steps of:
receiving an input image of a reference subject; processing the input image to generate a normalized image; identifying a set of features present in the normalized image, wherein each feature in the set of features corresponds to a portion of a head or body of the reference subject; for each feature in the set of features, processing at least a portion of the normalized image including the feature by a neural network model corresponding to the feature to generate a parameter vector corresponding to the feature; and combining the parameter vectors output by respective neural network models corresponding to respective features in the set of features to generate a parameterized character model corresponding to reference subject in the input image. 11. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein the input image is a photo captured by a camera of a user or an image uploaded by the user. 12. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein processing the input image to generate the normalized image comprises:
performing at least one of rotating, cropping, or resizing the input image; and applying at least one filter to smooth and/or reduce detail in the input image. 13. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein the parameterized character model is capable of being processed by a game engine of a video game to render an image of a character corresponding to the parameterized character model. 14. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein for a first feature in the set of features, a parameter vector output by a first neural network model corresponding to the first feature comprises a set of parameter values for parameters associated with the first feature. 15. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 14, wherein the first feature comprises a face shape, a hair style, ears, eyebrows, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, chin, jaw, or facial hair 16. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, further comprising training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features. 17. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 16, wherein training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features comprises:
capturing a set of images of one or more existing character assets; identifying a set of parameterized character models corresponding to the images in the set of images of one or more existing character assets, wherein each image of an existing character asset corresponds to a separate parameterized character model representing the existing character asset in the image; and for each feature in the set of features, inputting at least a portion of each image of an existing character asset and at least a portion of the corresponding parameterized character model into a neural network model corresponding to the feature to train the neural network model corresponding to the feature. 18. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 17, wherein for a first neural network model corresponding to a first feature, the first neural network model includes:
an encoder configured to process an image received by the encoder to generate a parameter vector for the first feature corresponding to the first neural network model. 19. A device for generating a character model, the device comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and one or more processors configured to the execute the instructions to cause the device to:
receive an input image of a reference subject;
process the input image to generate a normalized image;
identify a set of features present in the normalized image, wherein each feature in the set of features corresponds to a portion of a head or body of the reference subject;
for each feature in the set of features, process at least a portion of the normalized image including the feature by a neural network model corresponding to the feature to generate a parameter vector corresponding to the feature; and
combine the parameter vectors output by respective neural network models corresponding to respective features in the set of features to generate a parameterized character model corresponding to reference subject in the input image. 20. The device according to claim 19, wherein executing the instructions further causes the device to train a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features, training a separate neural network model corresponding to each feature in the set of features comprises:
capturing a set of images of one or more existing character assets; identifying a set of parameterized character models corresponding to the images in the set of images of one or more existing character assets, wherein each image of an existing character asset corresponds to a separate parameterized character model representing the existing character asset in the image; and for each feature in the set of features, inputting at least a portion of each image of an existing character asset and at least a portion of the corresponding parameterized character model into a neural network model corresponding to the feature to train the neural network model corresponding to the feature. | 2,400 |
349,545 | 350,419 | 16,854,097 | 2,438 | A coaptive surgical sealing tool may be similar to an ordinary hemostat with long (50, 60, 70 or 80 mm) thin jaws for sliding into the liver parenchyma, without tearing the larger blood vessels. The jaws are spring loaded and are designed for uniform compression, and to avoid closing too quickly. The jaws are capable of sealing a 50, 60, 70 or 80 mm sealing length, in a single bite, although it can also seal shorter lengths as well. The tool can be used with existing RF/bi-polar cautery generators. | 1-7. (canceled) 8. A surgical tool comprising:
a first arm having a first jaw; a second arm having a second jaw, the first arm and second arm being movably attached to each other via at least one connection between the first and second arms; a first electrode on the first jaw, the first electrode extending around at least a portion of a perimeter of at least an end portion of the first jaw. 9. The surgical tool of claim 8 with the first and second jaws each having a width of 3-7 mm. 10. The surgical tool of claim 8 with the first and second jaws each having a width of 4-6 mm. 11. The surgical tool of claim 8 further comprising first and second connectors electrically connected to the first and second removable electrodes and adapted to connect to an RF generator. 12. The surgical tool of claim 11, further comprising at least one of a slot and ridge on at least one of the first and second jaws for leaving a pre-grooved line for transection after a vessel is sealed by the surgical tool. 13. The surgical tool of claim 12, wherein the at least one of a slot and ridge are on at least one of the first and second removable electrodes. 14. The surgical tool of claim 8, further comprising a finger ring on the back section of each arm; and a spring between the back sections of the arms, with the spring urging the back sections of the arms away from each other. 15. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the first and second jaws have a length of 5 to 8 cm. 16. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the first and second jaws are straight. 17. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the first and second jaws are curved and have a radius of about 3 cm to 10 cm. 18. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the at least one connection is a pivot connection. 19. The surgical tool of claim 18, wherein the first and second jaws are curved about an axis parallel to an axis of the pivot connection. 20. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the first and second removably electrodes extend over a full length of the first and second jaws, respectively. 21. The surgical tool of claim 8, further comprising a second electrode on the second jaw, the second electrode extending around at least a portion of a perimeter of at least an end portion of the second jaw. 22. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the at least one connection between the first and second arms is at a fixed position relative to the first arm. | A coaptive surgical sealing tool may be similar to an ordinary hemostat with long (50, 60, 70 or 80 mm) thin jaws for sliding into the liver parenchyma, without tearing the larger blood vessels. The jaws are spring loaded and are designed for uniform compression, and to avoid closing too quickly. The jaws are capable of sealing a 50, 60, 70 or 80 mm sealing length, in a single bite, although it can also seal shorter lengths as well. The tool can be used with existing RF/bi-polar cautery generators.1-7. (canceled) 8. A surgical tool comprising:
a first arm having a first jaw; a second arm having a second jaw, the first arm and second arm being movably attached to each other via at least one connection between the first and second arms; a first electrode on the first jaw, the first electrode extending around at least a portion of a perimeter of at least an end portion of the first jaw. 9. The surgical tool of claim 8 with the first and second jaws each having a width of 3-7 mm. 10. The surgical tool of claim 8 with the first and second jaws each having a width of 4-6 mm. 11. The surgical tool of claim 8 further comprising first and second connectors electrically connected to the first and second removable electrodes and adapted to connect to an RF generator. 12. The surgical tool of claim 11, further comprising at least one of a slot and ridge on at least one of the first and second jaws for leaving a pre-grooved line for transection after a vessel is sealed by the surgical tool. 13. The surgical tool of claim 12, wherein the at least one of a slot and ridge are on at least one of the first and second removable electrodes. 14. The surgical tool of claim 8, further comprising a finger ring on the back section of each arm; and a spring between the back sections of the arms, with the spring urging the back sections of the arms away from each other. 15. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the first and second jaws have a length of 5 to 8 cm. 16. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the first and second jaws are straight. 17. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the first and second jaws are curved and have a radius of about 3 cm to 10 cm. 18. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the at least one connection is a pivot connection. 19. The surgical tool of claim 18, wherein the first and second jaws are curved about an axis parallel to an axis of the pivot connection. 20. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the first and second removably electrodes extend over a full length of the first and second jaws, respectively. 21. The surgical tool of claim 8, further comprising a second electrode on the second jaw, the second electrode extending around at least a portion of a perimeter of at least an end portion of the second jaw. 22. The surgical tool of claim 8, wherein the at least one connection between the first and second arms is at a fixed position relative to the first arm. | 2,400 |
349,546 | 350,420 | 16,854,119 | 2,438 | An all-fiber configuration system and method for generating temporally coherent supercontinuum pulsed emission are provided. The system includes a sequential structure of all-fiber sections including: a fiber laser seed source to produce a seed pulse with given optical properties; a stretching section including an optical fiber to temporally stretch the seed pulse; an amplification section including an active optical fiber, doped with a rare earth element, to amplify the stretched pulse by progressively stimulating radiation of active ions of the doped active optical fiber; a compressing section to temporally compress the amplified pulse; and a spectrum broadening section including an ANDi microstructured fiber that spectrally broadens the compressed pulse by a nonlinear effect of Self Phase Modulation (SPM) while maintaining the temporal coherence of the pulse. | 1. An all-fiber configuration system for generating temporally coherent supercontinuum pulsed emission, comprising: a sequential structure of all-fiber sections coupled through fused fiber splices and/or through fiber transitions, the all-fiber sections including, in the following order:
a fiber laser seed source configured to produce at least one seed pulse with given optical properties including a spectral bandwidth that corresponds to a Fourier transform limited temporal pulse width of 1 picosecond or below at Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM); a stretching section including an optical fiber configured to temporally stretch the seed pulse; an amplification section including an active optical fiber, doped with a rare earth element, configured to amplify the stretched pulse by progressively stimulating radiation of active ions of the active optical fiber; a compressing section configured to temporally compress the amplified pulse; and a spectrum broadening section including a single-mode all normal dispersion (ANDi) microstructured fiber that spectrally broadens the compressed pulse by a nonlinear effect of Self Phase Modulation (SPM) while maintaining a temporal coherence of the pulse, such that the pulse at an output of the spectrum broadening section has a FWHM spectral bandwidth of 60 nanometers or more, and is compressible down to a temporal pulse width corresponding to a Fourier limit of its spectral bandwidth. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the stretching section further comprises a fused fiber combiner configured to further receive light from a laser diode and launch the received light to the amplification section, the optical fiber of the stretching section being a single mode optical fiber having normal group delay dispersion. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein said rare earth element comprises ytterbium, and wherein the active optical fiber has normal group delay dispersion. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the compressing section comprises a hollow core microstructured fiber having anomalous group delay dispersion. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber of the stretching section comprises a hollow core microstructured fiber having anomalous group delay dispersion, the system further comprising a fused fiber combiner configured to further receive light from a laser diode and to launch the received light to the active optical fiber. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the rare earth element comprises ytterbium, and wherein the active optical fiber has normal group delay dispersion. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the compressing section and the amplification section are provided by said active optical fiber. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the compressing section is coupled to the spectrum broadening section via a fiber transition, the fiber transition comprising a number of pieces of fibers of different fundamental mode field sizes designed to provide a total power coupling efficiency between the compressing section and the spectrum broadening section over 60%. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the ANDi microstructured fiber has a length of 1 meter or less, a normal group delay dispersion and a normal group velocity dispersion, said group velocity dispersion being lower than 0 ps/nm/km and higher than −30 ps/nm/km in the whole range of wavelengths comprised within ±150 nm of a central wavelength of emission λc of the fiber laser seed source. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein an average power of the pulse at an output of the amplification section is equal to or greater than 0.4 W, an average power of the pulse at an output of the compressing section is equal to or greater than 0.3 W and an average power of the pulse at said output of the spectrum broadening section is equal to or greater than 100 mW. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a peak intensity of the pulse at an input of the ANDi microstructured fiber is equal to or greater than 60 GW/cm2. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein all the optical fibers of the all-fiber sections are polarization maintaining fibers. 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fiber isolator positioned between at least two of the all-fiber sections. 14. A method for generating temporally coherent supercontinuum pulsed emission, comprising:
providing an all-fiber system by coupling a sequential structure of all-fiber sections through fused fiber splices and/or fiber transitions; producing, by a fiber laser seed source of said sequential structure, at least one seed pulse with given optical properties including a spectral bandwidth that corresponds to a Fourier transform limited pulse width of 1 picosecond or below at Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM); temporally stretching the seed pulse by a stretching section of said sequential structure, said stretching section including an optical fiber; amplifying, by an amplification section of the sequential structure, the stretched pulse by progressively stimulating radiation of active ions of an active optical fiber, doped with a rare earth element and included in said amplification section; temporally compressing the amplified pulse by a compressing section of the sequential structure; and spectrally broadening, by a spectrum broadening section including a single-mode all normal dispersion (ANDi) microstructured fiber, the compressed pulse by a nonlinear effect of Self Phase Modulation (SPM) while maintaining a temporal coherence of the pulse, such that the pulse at an output of the spectrum broadening section has a FWHM spectral bandwidth of 60 nanometers or more, and is compressible down to a temporal pulse width corresponding to a Fourier limit of its spectral bandwidth. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the amplifying of the stretched pulse is performed independently of the pulse compression, the active optical fiber comprising a ytterbium doped active fiber having normal group delay dispersion and the pulse compression being performed via a hollow core microstructured fiber having anomalous group delay dispersion. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein both the amplifying and the temporal compressing of the pulse are performed via said active optical fiber comprising a ytterbium doped active fiber having normal group delay dispersion. | An all-fiber configuration system and method for generating temporally coherent supercontinuum pulsed emission are provided. The system includes a sequential structure of all-fiber sections including: a fiber laser seed source to produce a seed pulse with given optical properties; a stretching section including an optical fiber to temporally stretch the seed pulse; an amplification section including an active optical fiber, doped with a rare earth element, to amplify the stretched pulse by progressively stimulating radiation of active ions of the doped active optical fiber; a compressing section to temporally compress the amplified pulse; and a spectrum broadening section including an ANDi microstructured fiber that spectrally broadens the compressed pulse by a nonlinear effect of Self Phase Modulation (SPM) while maintaining the temporal coherence of the pulse.1. An all-fiber configuration system for generating temporally coherent supercontinuum pulsed emission, comprising: a sequential structure of all-fiber sections coupled through fused fiber splices and/or through fiber transitions, the all-fiber sections including, in the following order:
a fiber laser seed source configured to produce at least one seed pulse with given optical properties including a spectral bandwidth that corresponds to a Fourier transform limited temporal pulse width of 1 picosecond or below at Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM); a stretching section including an optical fiber configured to temporally stretch the seed pulse; an amplification section including an active optical fiber, doped with a rare earth element, configured to amplify the stretched pulse by progressively stimulating radiation of active ions of the active optical fiber; a compressing section configured to temporally compress the amplified pulse; and a spectrum broadening section including a single-mode all normal dispersion (ANDi) microstructured fiber that spectrally broadens the compressed pulse by a nonlinear effect of Self Phase Modulation (SPM) while maintaining a temporal coherence of the pulse, such that the pulse at an output of the spectrum broadening section has a FWHM spectral bandwidth of 60 nanometers or more, and is compressible down to a temporal pulse width corresponding to a Fourier limit of its spectral bandwidth. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the stretching section further comprises a fused fiber combiner configured to further receive light from a laser diode and launch the received light to the amplification section, the optical fiber of the stretching section being a single mode optical fiber having normal group delay dispersion. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein said rare earth element comprises ytterbium, and wherein the active optical fiber has normal group delay dispersion. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the compressing section comprises a hollow core microstructured fiber having anomalous group delay dispersion. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber of the stretching section comprises a hollow core microstructured fiber having anomalous group delay dispersion, the system further comprising a fused fiber combiner configured to further receive light from a laser diode and to launch the received light to the active optical fiber. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the rare earth element comprises ytterbium, and wherein the active optical fiber has normal group delay dispersion. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the compressing section and the amplification section are provided by said active optical fiber. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the compressing section is coupled to the spectrum broadening section via a fiber transition, the fiber transition comprising a number of pieces of fibers of different fundamental mode field sizes designed to provide a total power coupling efficiency between the compressing section and the spectrum broadening section over 60%. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the ANDi microstructured fiber has a length of 1 meter or less, a normal group delay dispersion and a normal group velocity dispersion, said group velocity dispersion being lower than 0 ps/nm/km and higher than −30 ps/nm/km in the whole range of wavelengths comprised within ±150 nm of a central wavelength of emission λc of the fiber laser seed source. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein an average power of the pulse at an output of the amplification section is equal to or greater than 0.4 W, an average power of the pulse at an output of the compressing section is equal to or greater than 0.3 W and an average power of the pulse at said output of the spectrum broadening section is equal to or greater than 100 mW. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a peak intensity of the pulse at an input of the ANDi microstructured fiber is equal to or greater than 60 GW/cm2. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein all the optical fibers of the all-fiber sections are polarization maintaining fibers. 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a fiber isolator positioned between at least two of the all-fiber sections. 14. A method for generating temporally coherent supercontinuum pulsed emission, comprising:
providing an all-fiber system by coupling a sequential structure of all-fiber sections through fused fiber splices and/or fiber transitions; producing, by a fiber laser seed source of said sequential structure, at least one seed pulse with given optical properties including a spectral bandwidth that corresponds to a Fourier transform limited pulse width of 1 picosecond or below at Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM); temporally stretching the seed pulse by a stretching section of said sequential structure, said stretching section including an optical fiber; amplifying, by an amplification section of the sequential structure, the stretched pulse by progressively stimulating radiation of active ions of an active optical fiber, doped with a rare earth element and included in said amplification section; temporally compressing the amplified pulse by a compressing section of the sequential structure; and spectrally broadening, by a spectrum broadening section including a single-mode all normal dispersion (ANDi) microstructured fiber, the compressed pulse by a nonlinear effect of Self Phase Modulation (SPM) while maintaining a temporal coherence of the pulse, such that the pulse at an output of the spectrum broadening section has a FWHM spectral bandwidth of 60 nanometers or more, and is compressible down to a temporal pulse width corresponding to a Fourier limit of its spectral bandwidth. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the amplifying of the stretched pulse is performed independently of the pulse compression, the active optical fiber comprising a ytterbium doped active fiber having normal group delay dispersion and the pulse compression being performed via a hollow core microstructured fiber having anomalous group delay dispersion. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein both the amplifying and the temporal compressing of the pulse are performed via said active optical fiber comprising a ytterbium doped active fiber having normal group delay dispersion. | 2,400 |
349,547 | 350,421 | 16,854,113 | 2,438 | A device, system and method related to a pneumatic system for fluid analysis. The device, system and method comprises a connection interface for a fluid analyser unit, a connection interface for a pump unit, a flow sensor and a pressure sensor. The device, system and method further comprises a control unit for calculating a pump stroke force or amplitude, and/or pump frequency based on measurements from the flow sensor and the pressure sensor for obtaining a constant flow through the pneumatic system. | 1. (canceled) 2. A pneumatic system for fluid analysis of expiratory and/or inspiratory breath, comprising:
a connection interface for a fluid analyzer; a connection interface for a pump; a buffer volume arranged between said connection interface for the fluid analyzer and said connection interface for the pump, the buffer volume defining a volumetric space configured to enable the pump to operate at a full stroke length and to cancel out pneumatic ripple in the pneumatic system; a flow sensor and/or a pressure sensor; and a controller configured to calculate a pump stroke force and/or pump frequency based on measurements from said flow sensor and/or said pressure sensor for obtaining a constant flow through said pneumatic system during a breath cycle with dynamic pressure. 3. The pneumatic system according to claim 2, wherein said connection interface for the fluid analyzer is configured to send the fluid to and receive a fluid from a cuvette, and wherein said cuvette is configured for electromagnetic radiation measurements. 4. The pneumatic system according to claim 3, further comprising a pneumatic manifold including said connection interface of the pump and said connection interface of the fluid analyzer, wherein said connection interface for the fluid analyzer is configured to send a fluid to and receive the fluid from a cuvette, wherein said cuvette is an integrated part of a flow path of said pneumatic manifold. 5. The pneumatic system according to claim 3, to wherein said fluid analyzer is an oxygen sensor. 6. The pneumatic system according to claim 3, wherein a restrictor is arranged between said connection interface for the fluid analyzer and said buffer volume; and wherein said restrictor has a measuring element configured to measure a flow over said restrictor. 7. The pneumatic system according to claim 3, wherein said connection interface for the fluid analyzer comprises an inlet and an outlet for passing the fluid to and from said fluid analyzer. 8. The pneumatic system according to claim 7, wherein a flow path between said connection interface for the pump and said connection interface for the fluid analyzer is fluidically connected to said inlet of said connection interface for the fluid analyzer and to said outlet of said connection interface for the pump. 9. A fluid analyzing system comprising:
a pneumatic system for fluid analysis according to claim 1; a pump connected to said connection interface for the pump; and a fluid analyzer connected to said connection interface for the fluid analyzer; wherein said controller is configured to regulate a pump stroke force and/or pump frequency of said pump based on measurements from said flow sensor and/or said pressure sensor for obtaining a constant flow through said pneumatic system during the breath cycle with dynamic pressure. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein said pump is configured to pump the fluid from said fluid analyzer, through a restrictor, and into the buffer volume before said fluid is pumped out of said pneumatic manifold by said pump. 11. The system according to claim 9, wherein said pneumatic system comprises at least two fluid analyzers, wherein one is a cuvette configured for electromagnetic radiation measurements arranged in fluid connection to an inlet into said pneumatic system and an outlet of a connection interface for a second fluid analyzer; so that the fluid to be analyzed passes from said inlet into the cuvette and further into said second fluid analyzer via said outlet of said connection interface for the second fluid analyzer. 12. The system according to claim 9, wherein said pneumatic system further comprises a valve arranged to select between the fluid to be analyzed or a reference fluid from a reference inlet. | A device, system and method related to a pneumatic system for fluid analysis. The device, system and method comprises a connection interface for a fluid analyser unit, a connection interface for a pump unit, a flow sensor and a pressure sensor. The device, system and method further comprises a control unit for calculating a pump stroke force or amplitude, and/or pump frequency based on measurements from the flow sensor and the pressure sensor for obtaining a constant flow through the pneumatic system.1. (canceled) 2. A pneumatic system for fluid analysis of expiratory and/or inspiratory breath, comprising:
a connection interface for a fluid analyzer; a connection interface for a pump; a buffer volume arranged between said connection interface for the fluid analyzer and said connection interface for the pump, the buffer volume defining a volumetric space configured to enable the pump to operate at a full stroke length and to cancel out pneumatic ripple in the pneumatic system; a flow sensor and/or a pressure sensor; and a controller configured to calculate a pump stroke force and/or pump frequency based on measurements from said flow sensor and/or said pressure sensor for obtaining a constant flow through said pneumatic system during a breath cycle with dynamic pressure. 3. The pneumatic system according to claim 2, wherein said connection interface for the fluid analyzer is configured to send the fluid to and receive a fluid from a cuvette, and wherein said cuvette is configured for electromagnetic radiation measurements. 4. The pneumatic system according to claim 3, further comprising a pneumatic manifold including said connection interface of the pump and said connection interface of the fluid analyzer, wherein said connection interface for the fluid analyzer is configured to send a fluid to and receive the fluid from a cuvette, wherein said cuvette is an integrated part of a flow path of said pneumatic manifold. 5. The pneumatic system according to claim 3, to wherein said fluid analyzer is an oxygen sensor. 6. The pneumatic system according to claim 3, wherein a restrictor is arranged between said connection interface for the fluid analyzer and said buffer volume; and wherein said restrictor has a measuring element configured to measure a flow over said restrictor. 7. The pneumatic system according to claim 3, wherein said connection interface for the fluid analyzer comprises an inlet and an outlet for passing the fluid to and from said fluid analyzer. 8. The pneumatic system according to claim 7, wherein a flow path between said connection interface for the pump and said connection interface for the fluid analyzer is fluidically connected to said inlet of said connection interface for the fluid analyzer and to said outlet of said connection interface for the pump. 9. A fluid analyzing system comprising:
a pneumatic system for fluid analysis according to claim 1; a pump connected to said connection interface for the pump; and a fluid analyzer connected to said connection interface for the fluid analyzer; wherein said controller is configured to regulate a pump stroke force and/or pump frequency of said pump based on measurements from said flow sensor and/or said pressure sensor for obtaining a constant flow through said pneumatic system during the breath cycle with dynamic pressure. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein said pump is configured to pump the fluid from said fluid analyzer, through a restrictor, and into the buffer volume before said fluid is pumped out of said pneumatic manifold by said pump. 11. The system according to claim 9, wherein said pneumatic system comprises at least two fluid analyzers, wherein one is a cuvette configured for electromagnetic radiation measurements arranged in fluid connection to an inlet into said pneumatic system and an outlet of a connection interface for a second fluid analyzer; so that the fluid to be analyzed passes from said inlet into the cuvette and further into said second fluid analyzer via said outlet of said connection interface for the second fluid analyzer. 12. The system according to claim 9, wherein said pneumatic system further comprises a valve arranged to select between the fluid to be analyzed or a reference fluid from a reference inlet. | 2,400 |
349,548 | 350,422 | 16,854,088 | 2,438 | An adaptive analytical behavioral health assistant may obtain blood pressure measurements from a user, execute a model of a physiological system generic to any user to generate notifications for the user, generate a modified model specific to a physiological system of the user based on the received blood pressure measurements, execute the modified model to generate personalized notifications, generate an updated modified model, at least once, based on the modified model and additional blood pressure measurements, and output the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications to the user. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. An adaptive analytical behavioral health assistant system, comprising:
a blood pressure measuring device configured to obtain blood pressure measurements from a user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained blood pressure measurements; and a disease management server in wireless communication with the blood pressure measuring device, the disease management server comprising:
a receiver for receiving the blood pressure measurements transmitted from the blood pressure measuring device; and
one or more processors configured to:
execute a model of a physiological system generic to any user to generate notifications for the user, the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements;
generate a modified model specific to a physiological system of the user based on the received blood pressure measurements, wherein generating the modified model comprises updating the model based on the received blood pressure measurements;
execute the modified model to generate personalized notifications, based on the modified model, the personalized notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining blood pressure measurements;
generate an updated modified model, at least once, based on the modified model and additional blood pressure measurements received from the blood pressure measuring device, the updated modified model including updated personalized notifications, including adjusting a timing of obtaining blood pressure measurements; and
output the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications to the user. 27. The system according to claim 26, wherein the receiver receives a blood pressure measurement from the blood pressure measuring device every time a measurement is obtained by the blood pressure measuring device. 28. The system according to claim 26, wherein the receiver receives the obtained blood pressure measurements at predetermined intervals. 29. The system according to claim 26, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to output an alert to a provider associated with the user. 30. The system according to claim 29, wherein the one or more processors output an alert to the provider associated with the user when a measurement value of the received blood pressure measurements is outside a range of normal measurement values. 31. The system according to claim 26, wherein one or more of the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications may include advice to the user to modify behaviors and educational content for the user. 32. The system according to claim 26, wherein the receiver receives the blood pressure measurements, and the one or more processors output the notifications, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications, via one of a cellular channel or a wireless network. 33. An adaptive analytical behavioral health assistant system, comprising:
a blood pressure measuring device configured to obtain blood pressure measurements from a user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained blood pressure measurements; and a disease management server in wireless communication with the blood pressure measuring device, the disease management server comprising:
a receiver for receiving the blood pressure measurements transmitted from the blood pressure measuring device; and
one or more processors configured to:
execute a model of a physiological system generic to any user to generate notifications for the user, the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements;
generate a modified model specific to a physiological system of the user based on the received blood pressure measurements, wherein generating the modified model comprises updating the model based on the received blood pressure measurements;
execute the modified model to generate personalized notifications, based on the modified model, the personalized notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining blood pressure measurements;
execute a statistical analysis of the received blood pressure measurements to determine if the received blood pressure measurements include at least one data excursion, including at least one measurement value that is outside a predetermined range of blood pressure values;
generate an updated modified model, based on the modified model, upon determining, in the statistical analysis, that the received blood pressure measurements include at least one data excursion, wherein generating the updated modified model comprises updating the modified model based on the received blood pressure measurements and the statistical analysis;
execute the updated modified model, to generate updated personalized notifications, including adjusting including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements; and
output the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications to the user. 34. The system according to claim 33, wherein the receiver receives a blood pressure measurement from the blood pressure measuring device every time a measurement is obtained by the blood pressure measuring device. 35. The system according to claim 33, wherein the receiver receives the obtained blood pressure measurements at predetermined intervals. 36. The system according to claim 33, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to output an alert to a provider associated with the user. 37. The system according to claim 36, wherein the one or more processors output an alert to the provider associated with the user upon determining, based on the statistical analysis, that the received blood pressure measurements include at least one data excursion. 38. The system according to claim 33, wherein the blood pressure measuring device transmits the blood pressure measurements, and the disease management server transmits the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications, via one of a cellular channel or a wireless network. 39. An adaptive analytical behavioral health assistant system, comprising:
a glucose measuring device configured to obtain glucose measurements from a user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained glucose measurements; and a blood pressure measuring device configured to obtain blood pressure measurements from the user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained blood pressure measurements; a weight measuring device configured to obtain weight measurements from the user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained weight measurements; and a disease management server in wireless communication with the glucose measuring device, the blood pressure measuring device, and the weight measuring device, the disease management server comprising:
a receiver for receiving the glucose measurements, the blood pressure measurements, and the weight measurements; and
one or more processors configured to:
execute one or more models of a physiological system generic to any user to generate notifications for the user, the notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements;
generate one or more modified models specific to a physiological system of the user based on the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, and the received weight measurements, wherein the one or more modified models comprises updating the one or more models based on the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, or the received weight measurements;
execute the one or more modified models to generate personalized notifications, based on the one or more modified models, the personalized notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements;
execute a statistical analysis of at least the received glucose measurements and the received blood pressure measurements to determine if at least one of the received glucose measurements the received blood pressure measurements, or the received weight values includes at least one data excursion, including at least one measurement value that is outside a predetermined range of glucose values, a predetermined range of blood pressure values, or a predetermined range of weight values, respectively;
generate one or more updated modified models, based on the one or more modified models, upon determining, in the statistical analysis, that at least one of the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, or the received weight measurements includes at least one data excursion, wherein generating the updated modified model comprises updating the modified model based on the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, the received weight measurements, or the statistical analysis;
execute the updated modified model, to generate updated personalized notifications, including adjusting including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements; and
output the notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications to the user. 40. The system according to claim 39, wherein the receiver receives a glucose measurement from the glucose measurement device every time a glucose measurement is obtained, a blood pressure measurement from the blood pressure measuring device every time a measurement is obtained, and a weight measurement from the weight measuring device every time a weight measurement is obtained. 41. The system according to claim 39, wherein the receiver receives each of the obtained glucose measurements, blood pressure measurements, and weight measurements at predetermined intervals. 42. The system according to claim 39, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to output an alert to a provider associated with the user. 43. The system according to claim 42, wherein the one or more processors output an alert to the provider associated with the user when a measurement value of at least one of the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, and the received weight measurements is outside a range of normal measurement values. 44. The system according to claim 39, wherein the blood pressure measuring device transmits the blood pressure measurements, and the disease management server transmits the notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications, via one of a cellular channel or a wireless network. 45. The system according to claim 39, wherein one or more of the notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications may include advice to the user to modify behaviors and educational content for the user. | An adaptive analytical behavioral health assistant may obtain blood pressure measurements from a user, execute a model of a physiological system generic to any user to generate notifications for the user, generate a modified model specific to a physiological system of the user based on the received blood pressure measurements, execute the modified model to generate personalized notifications, generate an updated modified model, at least once, based on the modified model and additional blood pressure measurements, and output the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications to the user.1-25. (canceled) 26. An adaptive analytical behavioral health assistant system, comprising:
a blood pressure measuring device configured to obtain blood pressure measurements from a user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained blood pressure measurements; and a disease management server in wireless communication with the blood pressure measuring device, the disease management server comprising:
a receiver for receiving the blood pressure measurements transmitted from the blood pressure measuring device; and
one or more processors configured to:
execute a model of a physiological system generic to any user to generate notifications for the user, the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements;
generate a modified model specific to a physiological system of the user based on the received blood pressure measurements, wherein generating the modified model comprises updating the model based on the received blood pressure measurements;
execute the modified model to generate personalized notifications, based on the modified model, the personalized notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining blood pressure measurements;
generate an updated modified model, at least once, based on the modified model and additional blood pressure measurements received from the blood pressure measuring device, the updated modified model including updated personalized notifications, including adjusting a timing of obtaining blood pressure measurements; and
output the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications to the user. 27. The system according to claim 26, wherein the receiver receives a blood pressure measurement from the blood pressure measuring device every time a measurement is obtained by the blood pressure measuring device. 28. The system according to claim 26, wherein the receiver receives the obtained blood pressure measurements at predetermined intervals. 29. The system according to claim 26, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to output an alert to a provider associated with the user. 30. The system according to claim 29, wherein the one or more processors output an alert to the provider associated with the user when a measurement value of the received blood pressure measurements is outside a range of normal measurement values. 31. The system according to claim 26, wherein one or more of the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications may include advice to the user to modify behaviors and educational content for the user. 32. The system according to claim 26, wherein the receiver receives the blood pressure measurements, and the one or more processors output the notifications, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications, via one of a cellular channel or a wireless network. 33. An adaptive analytical behavioral health assistant system, comprising:
a blood pressure measuring device configured to obtain blood pressure measurements from a user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained blood pressure measurements; and a disease management server in wireless communication with the blood pressure measuring device, the disease management server comprising:
a receiver for receiving the blood pressure measurements transmitted from the blood pressure measuring device; and
one or more processors configured to:
execute a model of a physiological system generic to any user to generate notifications for the user, the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements;
generate a modified model specific to a physiological system of the user based on the received blood pressure measurements, wherein generating the modified model comprises updating the model based on the received blood pressure measurements;
execute the modified model to generate personalized notifications, based on the modified model, the personalized notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining blood pressure measurements;
execute a statistical analysis of the received blood pressure measurements to determine if the received blood pressure measurements include at least one data excursion, including at least one measurement value that is outside a predetermined range of blood pressure values;
generate an updated modified model, based on the modified model, upon determining, in the statistical analysis, that the received blood pressure measurements include at least one data excursion, wherein generating the updated modified model comprises updating the modified model based on the received blood pressure measurements and the statistical analysis;
execute the updated modified model, to generate updated personalized notifications, including adjusting including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements; and
output the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications to the user. 34. The system according to claim 33, wherein the receiver receives a blood pressure measurement from the blood pressure measuring device every time a measurement is obtained by the blood pressure measuring device. 35. The system according to claim 33, wherein the receiver receives the obtained blood pressure measurements at predetermined intervals. 36. The system according to claim 33, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to output an alert to a provider associated with the user. 37. The system according to claim 36, wherein the one or more processors output an alert to the provider associated with the user upon determining, based on the statistical analysis, that the received blood pressure measurements include at least one data excursion. 38. The system according to claim 33, wherein the blood pressure measuring device transmits the blood pressure measurements, and the disease management server transmits the notifications including adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications, via one of a cellular channel or a wireless network. 39. An adaptive analytical behavioral health assistant system, comprising:
a glucose measuring device configured to obtain glucose measurements from a user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained glucose measurements; and a blood pressure measuring device configured to obtain blood pressure measurements from the user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained blood pressure measurements; a weight measuring device configured to obtain weight measurements from the user, and to wirelessly transmit the obtained weight measurements; and a disease management server in wireless communication with the glucose measuring device, the blood pressure measuring device, and the weight measuring device, the disease management server comprising:
a receiver for receiving the glucose measurements, the blood pressure measurements, and the weight measurements; and
one or more processors configured to:
execute one or more models of a physiological system generic to any user to generate notifications for the user, the notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements;
generate one or more modified models specific to a physiological system of the user based on the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, and the received weight measurements, wherein the one or more modified models comprises updating the one or more models based on the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, or the received weight measurements;
execute the one or more modified models to generate personalized notifications, based on the one or more modified models, the personalized notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements;
execute a statistical analysis of at least the received glucose measurements and the received blood pressure measurements to determine if at least one of the received glucose measurements the received blood pressure measurements, or the received weight values includes at least one data excursion, including at least one measurement value that is outside a predetermined range of glucose values, a predetermined range of blood pressure values, or a predetermined range of weight values, respectively;
generate one or more updated modified models, based on the one or more modified models, upon determining, in the statistical analysis, that at least one of the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, or the received weight measurements includes at least one data excursion, wherein generating the updated modified model comprises updating the modified model based on the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, the received weight measurements, or the statistical analysis;
execute the updated modified model, to generate updated personalized notifications, including adjusting including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements; and
output the notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications to the user. 40. The system according to claim 39, wherein the receiver receives a glucose measurement from the glucose measurement device every time a glucose measurement is obtained, a blood pressure measurement from the blood pressure measuring device every time a measurement is obtained, and a weight measurement from the weight measuring device every time a weight measurement is obtained. 41. The system according to claim 39, wherein the receiver receives each of the obtained glucose measurements, blood pressure measurements, and weight measurements at predetermined intervals. 42. The system according to claim 39, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to output an alert to a provider associated with the user. 43. The system according to claim 42, wherein the one or more processors output an alert to the provider associated with the user when a measurement value of at least one of the received glucose measurements, the received blood pressure measurements, and the received weight measurements is outside a range of normal measurement values. 44. The system according to claim 39, wherein the blood pressure measuring device transmits the blood pressure measurements, and the disease management server transmits the notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications, via one of a cellular channel or a wireless network. 45. The system according to claim 39, wherein one or more of the notifications including one or more of adjusting a timing of obtaining the glucose measurements, adjusting a timing of obtaining the blood pressure measurements, or adjusting a timing of obtaining the weight measurements, the personalized notifications, and the updated personalized notifications may include advice to the user to modify behaviors and educational content for the user. | 2,400 |
349,549 | 350,423 | 16,854,111 | 2,839 | An exemplary embodiment of active/passive automotive fuse module in accordance with the present disclosure may include an electrically insulating base, a fuse plate including a bus bar portion disposed on a top surface of the base above a projectile cavity formed in the base, the fuse plate further including a fusible portion electrically connected to the bus bar portion and adapted to open when an amount of current flowing through the fuse plate exceeds a current rating of the active/passive automotive fuse module, the active/passive automotive fuse module further including a pyrotechnic interrupter (PI) disposed atop the base and including a projectile positioned above the bus bar portion, the PI configured to drive the projectile through the bus bar portion upon actuation of the PI. | 1. An active/passive automotive fuse module comprising:
an electrically insulating base; a fuse plate comprising:
a bus bar portion disposed on a top surface of the base and above a projectile cavity formed in the base; and
a fusible portion electrically connected to the bus bar portion and adapted to open when an amount of current flowing through the fuse plate exceeds a current rating of the active/passive automotive fuse module; and
a pyrotechnic interrupter (PI) disposed atop the base and including a projectile positioned above the bus bar portion, the PI configured to drive the projectile through the bus bar portion upon actuation of the PI. 2. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, wherein the fusible portion is disposed within a fuse cavity in the base. 3. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 2, wherein the fusible portion extends perpendicularly from the bus bar portion. 4. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 2, wherein the fuse cavity is at least partially filled with an arc quenching material that surrounds the fusible portion. 5. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, wherein the fusible portion is a first fusible portion extending from a first end of the bus bar portion, the fuse plate further comprising a second fusible portion extending from a second end of the bus bar portion. 6. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 5, wherein the first fusible portion is disposed within a first fuse cavity in the base and the second fusible portion is disposed within a second fuse cavity in the base. 7. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 6, wherein the first and second fuse cavities are at least partially filled with an arc quenching material that surrounds the first and second fusible portions. 8. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, further comprising a spacing cap disposed between the base and the PI and having a projectile channel extending therethrough, wherein a portion of the projectile extends into the projectile channel. 9. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, further comprising a controller operatively connected to a pyrotechnic initiator of the PI and adapted to send an actuation signal to the pyrotechnic initiator upon the occurrence of a predetermined event. 10. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, wherein the fuse plate further comprises a terminal portion extending from the fusible portion, through the base, and having a mounting aperture formed therethrough for facilitating electrical connection within a circuit. 11. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, wherein the fuse plate further comprises a terminal portion extending from the fusible portion, through the base, and terminating in a flat prong adapted to be plugged into a receptacle for facilitating electrical connection within a circuit. 12. An active/passive automotive fuse module comprising:
an electrically insulating base; a fuse plate comprising:
a bus bar portion disposed on a top surface of the base and above a projectile cavity formed in the base;
first and second fusible portions extending perpendicularly from first and second ends of the bus bar portion into respective first and second fuse cavities formed in the base on opposite side of the projectile cavity, the first and second fusible portions adapted to open when an amount of current flowing through the fuse plate exceeds a current rating of the active/passive automotive fuse module; and
first and second terminal portions extending from lower termini of the first and second fusible portions, respectively, for connecting the active/passive automotive fuse module within a circuit; and
a pyrotechnic interrupter (PI) disposed atop the base, the PI including a pyrotechnic initiator and a projectile positioned above the bus bar portion, wherein the pyrotechnic initiator is configured to detonate and force the projectile through the bus bar portion upon reception of an initiation signal by the PI. 13. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, wherein the first and second fuse cavities are at least partially filled with an arc quenching material that surrounds the first and second fusible portions. 14. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, further comprising a spacing cap disposed between the base and the PI and having a projectile channel extending therethrough, wherein a portion of the projectile extends into the projectile channel. 15. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, further comprising a controller operatively connected to a pyrotechnic initiator of the PI and adapted to send an actuation signal to the pyrotechnic initiator upon the occurrence of a predetermined event. 16. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, wherein each of the first and second terminal portions has a mounting aperture formed therethrough for facilitating electrical connection within a circuit. 17. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, wherein each of the first and second terminal portions terminates in a flat prong adapted to be plugged into a receptacle for facilitating electrical connection within a circuit. | An exemplary embodiment of active/passive automotive fuse module in accordance with the present disclosure may include an electrically insulating base, a fuse plate including a bus bar portion disposed on a top surface of the base above a projectile cavity formed in the base, the fuse plate further including a fusible portion electrically connected to the bus bar portion and adapted to open when an amount of current flowing through the fuse plate exceeds a current rating of the active/passive automotive fuse module, the active/passive automotive fuse module further including a pyrotechnic interrupter (PI) disposed atop the base and including a projectile positioned above the bus bar portion, the PI configured to drive the projectile through the bus bar portion upon actuation of the PI.1. An active/passive automotive fuse module comprising:
an electrically insulating base; a fuse plate comprising:
a bus bar portion disposed on a top surface of the base and above a projectile cavity formed in the base; and
a fusible portion electrically connected to the bus bar portion and adapted to open when an amount of current flowing through the fuse plate exceeds a current rating of the active/passive automotive fuse module; and
a pyrotechnic interrupter (PI) disposed atop the base and including a projectile positioned above the bus bar portion, the PI configured to drive the projectile through the bus bar portion upon actuation of the PI. 2. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, wherein the fusible portion is disposed within a fuse cavity in the base. 3. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 2, wherein the fusible portion extends perpendicularly from the bus bar portion. 4. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 2, wherein the fuse cavity is at least partially filled with an arc quenching material that surrounds the fusible portion. 5. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, wherein the fusible portion is a first fusible portion extending from a first end of the bus bar portion, the fuse plate further comprising a second fusible portion extending from a second end of the bus bar portion. 6. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 5, wherein the first fusible portion is disposed within a first fuse cavity in the base and the second fusible portion is disposed within a second fuse cavity in the base. 7. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 6, wherein the first and second fuse cavities are at least partially filled with an arc quenching material that surrounds the first and second fusible portions. 8. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, further comprising a spacing cap disposed between the base and the PI and having a projectile channel extending therethrough, wherein a portion of the projectile extends into the projectile channel. 9. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, further comprising a controller operatively connected to a pyrotechnic initiator of the PI and adapted to send an actuation signal to the pyrotechnic initiator upon the occurrence of a predetermined event. 10. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, wherein the fuse plate further comprises a terminal portion extending from the fusible portion, through the base, and having a mounting aperture formed therethrough for facilitating electrical connection within a circuit. 11. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 1, wherein the fuse plate further comprises a terminal portion extending from the fusible portion, through the base, and terminating in a flat prong adapted to be plugged into a receptacle for facilitating electrical connection within a circuit. 12. An active/passive automotive fuse module comprising:
an electrically insulating base; a fuse plate comprising:
a bus bar portion disposed on a top surface of the base and above a projectile cavity formed in the base;
first and second fusible portions extending perpendicularly from first and second ends of the bus bar portion into respective first and second fuse cavities formed in the base on opposite side of the projectile cavity, the first and second fusible portions adapted to open when an amount of current flowing through the fuse plate exceeds a current rating of the active/passive automotive fuse module; and
first and second terminal portions extending from lower termini of the first and second fusible portions, respectively, for connecting the active/passive automotive fuse module within a circuit; and
a pyrotechnic interrupter (PI) disposed atop the base, the PI including a pyrotechnic initiator and a projectile positioned above the bus bar portion, wherein the pyrotechnic initiator is configured to detonate and force the projectile through the bus bar portion upon reception of an initiation signal by the PI. 13. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, wherein the first and second fuse cavities are at least partially filled with an arc quenching material that surrounds the first and second fusible portions. 14. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, further comprising a spacing cap disposed between the base and the PI and having a projectile channel extending therethrough, wherein a portion of the projectile extends into the projectile channel. 15. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, further comprising a controller operatively connected to a pyrotechnic initiator of the PI and adapted to send an actuation signal to the pyrotechnic initiator upon the occurrence of a predetermined event. 16. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, wherein each of the first and second terminal portions has a mounting aperture formed therethrough for facilitating electrical connection within a circuit. 17. The active/passive automotive fuse module of claim 12, wherein each of the first and second terminal portions terminates in a flat prong adapted to be plugged into a receptacle for facilitating electrical connection within a circuit. | 2,800 |
349,550 | 350,424 | 16,854,110 | 2,839 | A method for peer-to-peer prepaid card accounts can create a prepaid card that can receive donations through a QR code disposed on the physical card. Restrictions can also be placed on the card to control where or how the funds may be used. The method can, in response to receiving a request at a card management service to create an account, obtain account information, wherein the account information comprises a user name, an account number, a QR code image, and optionally a biometric data. The account information can be stored as a card account for the user, which is funded by receiving a payment from a second party using the QR code. Then, when a card holder uses the card for a transaction, the card management service can function as an issuer to authorize its use. | 1. A method for peer-to-peer prepaid card accounts, the method comprising:
receiving a request at a card management service to create an account for a user; in response to receiving the request to create the account:
obtaining account information, wherein the account information comprises a user name, biometric data of the user, an account number, and a QR code image to represent the account for the user;
storing the account information as a card account for the user; and
initiating fabrication of a physical card for the card account with the QR code image disposed thereon;
requesting a funds transfer from a payment account of a second party identified via a payment page for funding the card account accessed by the second party using the QR code image; receiving a payment of the funds transfer from the second party to fund the card account for the user; receiving a transaction request on behalf of the user, the transaction request comprising transaction details for a transaction, card details, and a fresh biometric data of the user; identifying the card account from the card details in the transaction request; and verifying the fresh biometric data against the biometric data stored as part of the account information for the user in order to permit the transaction to proceed. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the transaction details satisfy account restrictions; determining whether the card account has sufficient funds to complete the transaction; and authorizing the transaction when the transaction details satisfy the account restrictions, the biometric data is verified, and the card account has sufficient funds. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining one or more account restrictions for the card account for the user. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the account restrictions is based on merchant category codes. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the account restrictions applies to cash withdrawals. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining biometric data with the account information;
wherein obtaining the account information comprises: receiving the user name and the biometric data from a source of the request to create the account; generating the account number for the user; and generating the QR code image. 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the QR code image encodes a uniform resource location of the payment page for funding the card account. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining biometric data with the account information;
wherein the biometric data comprises a fingerprint or an image of a face of the user. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving a payment from the second party to fund the card account for the user comprises:
requesting funds transfer from a payment account identified via the payment page for funding the card account. 11-12. (canceled) 13. A peer-to-peer prepaid card management system, comprising:
one or more processors; one or more storage resources; a user card account storage resource; and instructions stored on the one or more storage resources that when executed by the one or more processors direct the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system to at least:
receive a request to create an account for a user via a creation interface of the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system;
in response to receiving the request to create the account:
obtain account information, wherein the account information comprises a user name, biometric data of the user, an account number, and a QR code image to represent the account for the user;
store the account information as a card account for the user; and
initiate fabrication of a physical card for the card account with the QR code image disposed thereon;
request a funds transfer from a payment account of a second party identified via a payment page for funding the card account accessed by the second party using the QR code image;
receive a payment of the funds transfer from the second party to fund the card account for the user via a transaction interface of the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system;
receive a transaction request on behalf of the user, the transaction request comprising transaction details for a transaction, card details, and a fresh biometric data of the user;
identify the card account from the card details in the transaction request; and
verify the fresh biometric data against the biometric data stored as part of the account information for the user in order to permit the transaction to proceed. 14. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 13, further comprising instructions that direct the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system to:
determine whether the transaction details satisfy account restrictions; determine whether the card account has sufficient funds to complete the transaction; and authorize the transaction when the transaction details satisfy the account restrictions, the biometric data is verified, and the card account has sufficient funds. 15. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 13, further comprising instructions that direct the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system to:
obtain one or more account restrictions for the card account for the user. 16. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 15, wherein at least one of the account restrictions is based on merchant category codes. 17. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 15, wherein at least one of the account restrictions applies to cash withdrawals. 18. (canceled) 19. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 13, wherein the QR code image encodes a uniform resource location of the payment page for funding the card account. 20. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 13, wherein the instructions to receive a payment from the second party to fund the card account for the user direct the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system to:
request funds transfer from a payment account identified via the payment page for funding the card account. | A method for peer-to-peer prepaid card accounts can create a prepaid card that can receive donations through a QR code disposed on the physical card. Restrictions can also be placed on the card to control where or how the funds may be used. The method can, in response to receiving a request at a card management service to create an account, obtain account information, wherein the account information comprises a user name, an account number, a QR code image, and optionally a biometric data. The account information can be stored as a card account for the user, which is funded by receiving a payment from a second party using the QR code. Then, when a card holder uses the card for a transaction, the card management service can function as an issuer to authorize its use.1. A method for peer-to-peer prepaid card accounts, the method comprising:
receiving a request at a card management service to create an account for a user; in response to receiving the request to create the account:
obtaining account information, wherein the account information comprises a user name, biometric data of the user, an account number, and a QR code image to represent the account for the user;
storing the account information as a card account for the user; and
initiating fabrication of a physical card for the card account with the QR code image disposed thereon;
requesting a funds transfer from a payment account of a second party identified via a payment page for funding the card account accessed by the second party using the QR code image; receiving a payment of the funds transfer from the second party to fund the card account for the user; receiving a transaction request on behalf of the user, the transaction request comprising transaction details for a transaction, card details, and a fresh biometric data of the user; identifying the card account from the card details in the transaction request; and verifying the fresh biometric data against the biometric data stored as part of the account information for the user in order to permit the transaction to proceed. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether the transaction details satisfy account restrictions; determining whether the card account has sufficient funds to complete the transaction; and authorizing the transaction when the transaction details satisfy the account restrictions, the biometric data is verified, and the card account has sufficient funds. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining one or more account restrictions for the card account for the user. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the account restrictions is based on merchant category codes. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the account restrictions applies to cash withdrawals. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining biometric data with the account information;
wherein obtaining the account information comprises: receiving the user name and the biometric data from a source of the request to create the account; generating the account number for the user; and generating the QR code image. 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the QR code image encodes a uniform resource location of the payment page for funding the card account. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining biometric data with the account information;
wherein the biometric data comprises a fingerprint or an image of a face of the user. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving a payment from the second party to fund the card account for the user comprises:
requesting funds transfer from a payment account identified via the payment page for funding the card account. 11-12. (canceled) 13. A peer-to-peer prepaid card management system, comprising:
one or more processors; one or more storage resources; a user card account storage resource; and instructions stored on the one or more storage resources that when executed by the one or more processors direct the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system to at least:
receive a request to create an account for a user via a creation interface of the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system;
in response to receiving the request to create the account:
obtain account information, wherein the account information comprises a user name, biometric data of the user, an account number, and a QR code image to represent the account for the user;
store the account information as a card account for the user; and
initiate fabrication of a physical card for the card account with the QR code image disposed thereon;
request a funds transfer from a payment account of a second party identified via a payment page for funding the card account accessed by the second party using the QR code image;
receive a payment of the funds transfer from the second party to fund the card account for the user via a transaction interface of the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system;
receive a transaction request on behalf of the user, the transaction request comprising transaction details for a transaction, card details, and a fresh biometric data of the user;
identify the card account from the card details in the transaction request; and
verify the fresh biometric data against the biometric data stored as part of the account information for the user in order to permit the transaction to proceed. 14. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 13, further comprising instructions that direct the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system to:
determine whether the transaction details satisfy account restrictions; determine whether the card account has sufficient funds to complete the transaction; and authorize the transaction when the transaction details satisfy the account restrictions, the biometric data is verified, and the card account has sufficient funds. 15. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 13, further comprising instructions that direct the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system to:
obtain one or more account restrictions for the card account for the user. 16. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 15, wherein at least one of the account restrictions is based on merchant category codes. 17. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 15, wherein at least one of the account restrictions applies to cash withdrawals. 18. (canceled) 19. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 13, wherein the QR code image encodes a uniform resource location of the payment page for funding the card account. 20. The peer-to-peer prepaid card management system of claim 13, wherein the instructions to receive a payment from the second party to fund the card account for the user direct the peer-to-peer prepaid card management system to:
request funds transfer from a payment account identified via the payment page for funding the card account. | 2,800 |
349,551 | 350,425 | 16,854,078 | 2,839 | A vapor deposition apparatus disclosed by an embodiment comprises: a vacuum chamber (8); a mask holder (15) for holding a deposition mask 1; a substrate holder (29) for holding a substrate for vapor deposition (2); an electromagnet (3) disposed above a surface; a vapor deposition source 5 for vaporizing or sublimating a vapor deposition material; and a heat pipe (7) including at least a heat absorption part (71) and a heat dissipation part (72), the heat absorption part being in contact with the electromagnet (3), and the heat dissipation part being derived to an outside of the vacuum chamber (8). The heat pipe (7) and the electromagnet (3) are in intimate contact with each other at an area of a contact part between the heat pipe (7) and the electromagnet (3), the area being equal to or more than a cross-sectional area within an inner perimeter of a coil (32). | 1. A vapor deposition apparatus, comprising:
a vacuum chamber; a mask holder for holding a deposition mask disposed within the vacuum chamber; a substrate holder for holding a substrate for vapor deposition in contact with the deposition mask held by the mask holder; an electromagnet disposed above a surface, opposite to the deposition mask, of the substrate for vapor deposition held by the substrate holder; a vapor deposition source provided facing the deposition mask to vaporize or sublimate a vapor deposition material; and a heat pipe including at least a heat absorption part at a first end part thereof and a heat dissipation part at a second end part thereof opposite to the first end part, the heat absorption part being provided in contact with the electromagnet, and the heat dissipation part being derived to an outside of the vacuum chamber. 2. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat pipe comprises a vapor pipe connected between an end part of the heat absorption part and an end part of the heat dissipation part, and a connection pipe connected between another end part of the heat absorption part and another end part of the heat dissipation part to be formed as a loop-type heat pipe. 3. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the heat absorption part of the loop-type heat pipe comprises a plurality of wick structures arranged horizontally side by side to be formed in a plate-shaped form. 4. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the each of the plurality of wick structures comprises a wick core at its center part, and a wick is formed in a gear-like shape around the wick core, and grooves are formed between teeth of the wick to provide a path for vapor. 5. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the heat absorption part of the heat pipe is installed so as to face directly a surface facing the deposition mask of the electromagnet and the substrate for vapor deposition held by the substrate holder. 6. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electromagnet comprises a core, a coil, and a yoke, and the core, the coil, and the yoke are integrated with each other with a covering member, and wherein the heat absorption part of the heat pipe is embedded within the covering member. 7. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the covering member comprises a heat-resistant resin. 8. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the covering member comprises a filler including a metal powder. 9. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electromagnet comprises a core having a concave portion in one end part of the core, the heat absorption part of the heat pipe being embedded in the concave portion. 10. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein, when a cross-sectional shape of the heat pipe is a circular shape having a radius of “r”, a cross-sectional shape of the core is a circular shape having a radius of “R” and a depth of the concave portion is “d”, where d≥(R2−r2)/2r. 11. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein a coating layer having a thermal conductivity being larger than a thermal conductivity of the core is formed on at least a part of a surface of the core and an inner surface of the concave portion, and the heat absorption part is bonded within the concave portion using an adhesive having a thermal conductivity being larger than the thermal conductivity of the core. 12. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electromagnet comprises a core, the heat pipe has a cross-sectional area being smaller than a cross-sectional area of the core, and two or more of heat absorption parts each being the heat absorption part are embedded in the core. 13. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein a resin containing fine particles having a thermal conductivity being larger than a thermal conductivity of the resin is filled in a gap between the heat pipe and the core. 14. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the core comprises a powder magnetic core that is formed by an iron powder sintered and pressurized. 15. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the heat pipe is formed of a flexible material. 16. A method of manufacturing an organic EL display apparatus, comprising:
forming a support substrate having at least a TFT and a first electrode; forming an organic deposition layer by depositing organic materials on the support substrate using the vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1; and forming a second electrode on the organic deposition layer. | A vapor deposition apparatus disclosed by an embodiment comprises: a vacuum chamber (8); a mask holder (15) for holding a deposition mask 1; a substrate holder (29) for holding a substrate for vapor deposition (2); an electromagnet (3) disposed above a surface; a vapor deposition source 5 for vaporizing or sublimating a vapor deposition material; and a heat pipe (7) including at least a heat absorption part (71) and a heat dissipation part (72), the heat absorption part being in contact with the electromagnet (3), and the heat dissipation part being derived to an outside of the vacuum chamber (8). The heat pipe (7) and the electromagnet (3) are in intimate contact with each other at an area of a contact part between the heat pipe (7) and the electromagnet (3), the area being equal to or more than a cross-sectional area within an inner perimeter of a coil (32).1. A vapor deposition apparatus, comprising:
a vacuum chamber; a mask holder for holding a deposition mask disposed within the vacuum chamber; a substrate holder for holding a substrate for vapor deposition in contact with the deposition mask held by the mask holder; an electromagnet disposed above a surface, opposite to the deposition mask, of the substrate for vapor deposition held by the substrate holder; a vapor deposition source provided facing the deposition mask to vaporize or sublimate a vapor deposition material; and a heat pipe including at least a heat absorption part at a first end part thereof and a heat dissipation part at a second end part thereof opposite to the first end part, the heat absorption part being provided in contact with the electromagnet, and the heat dissipation part being derived to an outside of the vacuum chamber. 2. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat pipe comprises a vapor pipe connected between an end part of the heat absorption part and an end part of the heat dissipation part, and a connection pipe connected between another end part of the heat absorption part and another end part of the heat dissipation part to be formed as a loop-type heat pipe. 3. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the heat absorption part of the loop-type heat pipe comprises a plurality of wick structures arranged horizontally side by side to be formed in a plate-shaped form. 4. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the each of the plurality of wick structures comprises a wick core at its center part, and a wick is formed in a gear-like shape around the wick core, and grooves are formed between teeth of the wick to provide a path for vapor. 5. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the heat absorption part of the heat pipe is installed so as to face directly a surface facing the deposition mask of the electromagnet and the substrate for vapor deposition held by the substrate holder. 6. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electromagnet comprises a core, a coil, and a yoke, and the core, the coil, and the yoke are integrated with each other with a covering member, and wherein the heat absorption part of the heat pipe is embedded within the covering member. 7. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the covering member comprises a heat-resistant resin. 8. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the covering member comprises a filler including a metal powder. 9. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electromagnet comprises a core having a concave portion in one end part of the core, the heat absorption part of the heat pipe being embedded in the concave portion. 10. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein, when a cross-sectional shape of the heat pipe is a circular shape having a radius of “r”, a cross-sectional shape of the core is a circular shape having a radius of “R” and a depth of the concave portion is “d”, where d≥(R2−r2)/2r. 11. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein a coating layer having a thermal conductivity being larger than a thermal conductivity of the core is formed on at least a part of a surface of the core and an inner surface of the concave portion, and the heat absorption part is bonded within the concave portion using an adhesive having a thermal conductivity being larger than the thermal conductivity of the core. 12. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electromagnet comprises a core, the heat pipe has a cross-sectional area being smaller than a cross-sectional area of the core, and two or more of heat absorption parts each being the heat absorption part are embedded in the core. 13. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein a resin containing fine particles having a thermal conductivity being larger than a thermal conductivity of the resin is filled in a gap between the heat pipe and the core. 14. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the core comprises a powder magnetic core that is formed by an iron powder sintered and pressurized. 15. The vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the heat pipe is formed of a flexible material. 16. A method of manufacturing an organic EL display apparatus, comprising:
forming a support substrate having at least a TFT and a first electrode; forming an organic deposition layer by depositing organic materials on the support substrate using the vapor deposition apparatus according to claim 1; and forming a second electrode on the organic deposition layer. | 2,800 |
349,552 | 350,426 | 16,854,032 | 2,839 | A vehicle control apparatus performing an automatic driving of a vehicle includes: a vehicle information acquiring unit that acquires vehicle information related to a nearby vehicle; a setting unit that sets an intervehicle margin between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle by using the vehicle information, and determines a change timing of a travelling speed of the vehicle depending on the intervehicle margin; and a driving control unit that performs in a lane change operation, a control of changing the travelling speed of the vehicle at the change timing, and a control of an intervehicle distance between the vehicle and a preceding vehicle of the vehicle after the lane change operation. | 1. A vehicle control apparatus performing automatic driving of a vehicle comprising:
a vehicle information acquiring unit that acquires vehicle information related to a nearby vehicle; a setting unit that sets an intervehicle margin between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle by using the vehicle information, and determines a change timing of a travelling speed of the vehicle depending on the intervehicle margin; and a driving control unit that performs, in a lane change operation, a control of changing the travelling speed of the vehicle at the change timing, and a control of an intervehicle distance between the vehicle and a preceding vehicle of the vehicle after the lane change operation. 2. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the intervehicle margin is determined by using at least one of the travelling speed of the vehicle, the intervehicle distance between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle, a relative speed between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle, and a relative acceleration factor between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle. 3. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the nearby vehicle is a preceding vehicle travelling ahead of the vehicle on the travelling lane after the lane change operation of the vehicle; and the setting unit sets, when the intervehicle margin is larger than or equal to a first threshold, a deceleration timing to be delayed compared to a case where the intervehicle margin is smaller than the first threshold. 4. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the nearby vehicle is a following vehicle travelling behind the vehicle on the travelling lane after the lane change operation of the vehicle; and the setting unit sets, when the intervehicle margin is smaller than a second threshold, a deceleration timing to be delayed compared to a case where the intervehicle margin is larger than or equal to the second threshold. 5. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the nearby vehicle is a following vehicle travelling behind the vehicle on the travelling lane before the lane change operation of the vehicle; and the setting unit sets, when the intervehicle margin is smaller than a third threshold, a deceleration timing to be delayed compared to a case where the intervehicle margin is larger than or equal to the third threshold. 6. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the setting unit corrects the intervehicle margin depending on at least one of size of the vehicle and a weight of the vehicle. 7. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the setting unit determines, depending on lane information of the travelling lane before/after the lane change operation of the vehicle, a setting of whether an acceleration operation or a deceleration operation is performed. 8. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the setting unit sets a control such that the vehicle decelerates in the lane change operation, when the travelling lane before the lane change operation is a passing lane and when the travelling lane after the lane change operation is a driving lane, and sets the control such that the vehicle accelerates in the lane change operation when the travelling lane before the lane change operation is a driving lane and when the travelling lane after the lane change operation is a passing lane. 9. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the driving control unit controls the vehicle to follow an object vehicle travelling ahead of the vehicle, and changes a timing for switching the object vehicle to be a preceding vehicle on the travelling lane after the lane change operation, thereby controlling a timing of changing the travelling speed of the vehicle. 10. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the driving control unit changes the intervehicle distance after the lane change operation, thereby controlling a timing of changing the travelling speed of the vehicle. | A vehicle control apparatus performing an automatic driving of a vehicle includes: a vehicle information acquiring unit that acquires vehicle information related to a nearby vehicle; a setting unit that sets an intervehicle margin between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle by using the vehicle information, and determines a change timing of a travelling speed of the vehicle depending on the intervehicle margin; and a driving control unit that performs in a lane change operation, a control of changing the travelling speed of the vehicle at the change timing, and a control of an intervehicle distance between the vehicle and a preceding vehicle of the vehicle after the lane change operation.1. A vehicle control apparatus performing automatic driving of a vehicle comprising:
a vehicle information acquiring unit that acquires vehicle information related to a nearby vehicle; a setting unit that sets an intervehicle margin between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle by using the vehicle information, and determines a change timing of a travelling speed of the vehicle depending on the intervehicle margin; and a driving control unit that performs, in a lane change operation, a control of changing the travelling speed of the vehicle at the change timing, and a control of an intervehicle distance between the vehicle and a preceding vehicle of the vehicle after the lane change operation. 2. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the intervehicle margin is determined by using at least one of the travelling speed of the vehicle, the intervehicle distance between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle, a relative speed between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle, and a relative acceleration factor between the vehicle and the nearby vehicle. 3. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the nearby vehicle is a preceding vehicle travelling ahead of the vehicle on the travelling lane after the lane change operation of the vehicle; and the setting unit sets, when the intervehicle margin is larger than or equal to a first threshold, a deceleration timing to be delayed compared to a case where the intervehicle margin is smaller than the first threshold. 4. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the nearby vehicle is a following vehicle travelling behind the vehicle on the travelling lane after the lane change operation of the vehicle; and the setting unit sets, when the intervehicle margin is smaller than a second threshold, a deceleration timing to be delayed compared to a case where the intervehicle margin is larger than or equal to the second threshold. 5. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the nearby vehicle is a following vehicle travelling behind the vehicle on the travelling lane before the lane change operation of the vehicle; and the setting unit sets, when the intervehicle margin is smaller than a third threshold, a deceleration timing to be delayed compared to a case where the intervehicle margin is larger than or equal to the third threshold. 6. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the setting unit corrects the intervehicle margin depending on at least one of size of the vehicle and a weight of the vehicle. 7. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the setting unit determines, depending on lane information of the travelling lane before/after the lane change operation of the vehicle, a setting of whether an acceleration operation or a deceleration operation is performed. 8. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the setting unit sets a control such that the vehicle decelerates in the lane change operation, when the travelling lane before the lane change operation is a passing lane and when the travelling lane after the lane change operation is a driving lane, and sets the control such that the vehicle accelerates in the lane change operation when the travelling lane before the lane change operation is a driving lane and when the travelling lane after the lane change operation is a passing lane. 9. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the driving control unit controls the vehicle to follow an object vehicle travelling ahead of the vehicle, and changes a timing for switching the object vehicle to be a preceding vehicle on the travelling lane after the lane change operation, thereby controlling a timing of changing the travelling speed of the vehicle. 10. The vehicle control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the driving control unit changes the intervehicle distance after the lane change operation, thereby controlling a timing of changing the travelling speed of the vehicle. | 2,800 |
349,553 | 350,427 | 16,854,071 | 2,839 | An embodiment may involve a network interface configured to capture data packets into a binary format and a non-volatile memory configured to temporarily store the data packets received by way of the network interface. The embodiment may also involve a first array of processing elements each configured to independently and asynchronously: (i) read a chunk of data packets from the non-volatile memory, (ii) identify flows of data packets within the chunk, and (iii) generate flow representations for the flows. The embodiment may also involve a second array of processing elements configured to: (i) receive the flow representations from the first array of processing elements, (ii) identify and aggregate common flows across the flow representations into an aggregated flow representation, (iii) based on a filter specification, remove one or more of the flows from the aggregated flow representation, and (iv) write information from the aggregated flow representation to the database. | 1. A system comprising:
a network interface module configured to capture data packets into a binary format; non-volatile memory configured to temporarily store the data packets received by way of the network interface module in the binary format; an interface to a database; a first array of processing elements configured to independently and asynchronously perform a first set of operations that involve: (i) reading a chunk of data packets from the non-volatile memory, (ii) identifying flows of data packets within the chunk, and (iii) generating flow representations for the flows, wherein the flow representations are in an intermediate format that aggregates header information and metadata associated with the data packets respectively corresponding to the flows; and a second array of processing elements configured to perform a second set of operations, wherein the second set of operations involve: (i) receiving the flow representations from the first array of processing elements, (ii) identifying and aggregating common flows across the flow representations into an aggregated flow representation, (iii) based on a filter specification, removing one or more of the flows from the aggregated flow representation, and (iv) writing, by way of the interface, information from the aggregated flow representation to the database. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein identifying the flows comprises:
identifying, as the flows, respective subsets of data packets within the chunk that have particular combinations of header field values; and representing each of the flows as an entry in the intermediate format. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the header information is from one or more of data link layer, network layer, and transport layer fields. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the header information comprises data link addresses, network addresses, or transport layer port numbers. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the metadata associated with the data packets include one or more of a count of the data packets or a count of bytes in the data packets, a device identifier for the system, or a physical port through which the data packets were received by the system. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein aggregating the common flows across the flow representations into the aggregated flow representation comprises summing respective packet counts or byte counts from the common flows in the aggregated flow representation. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein identifying flows of data packets within the chunk comprises calculating, based on header field values of the data packets within the chunk, respective hash values, wherein the hash values uniquely denote respective flows to which the data packets belong. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein a further array of processing elements reads data packets from the network interface module in hard real-time with latencies within a first threshold. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the first set of operations and the second set of operations are performed in soft real-time with average latency within a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein different processing elements of the second array perform operations each of: identifying and aggregating common flows, removing the one or more of the flows from the aggregated flow representation, and writing the information from the aggregated flow representation to the database. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the filter specification passes the flows that match a whitelist or the filter specification passes the flows that are in a set of top m flows in terms of number of data packets or number of bytes, wherein m is between 1 and 10,000. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the network interface module is configured to:
receive n packets; capture 1 of the n packets; and transmit n-1 of the n packets to a subsequent packet capture system that is arranged in series with the system. 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a further array of processing elements configured to provide a virtual machine, wherein a packet processing application is executable on the virtual machine, and wherein a zero copy forwarding buffer allows the packet processing application to read data packets from the non-volatile memory without packet loss. 14. A computer-implemented method comprising:
performing, by a first array of processing elements and in an independent and asynchronous fashion, a first set of operations that involve: (i) reading a chunk of data packets from a non-volatile memory, wherein the data packets were received by way of a network interface module in a binary format, and wherein the non-volatile memory is configured to temporarily store the data packets, (ii) identifying flows of data packets within the chunk, and (iii) generating flow representations for the flows, wherein the flow representations are in an intermediate format that aggregates header information and metadata associated with the data packets respectively corresponding to the flows; and performing, by a second array of processing elements, a second set of operations, wherein the second set of operations involve: (i) receiving the flow representations from the first array of processing elements, (ii) identifying and aggregating common flows across the flow representations into an aggregated flow representation, (iii) based on a filter specification, removing one or more of the flows from the aggregated flow representation, and (iv) writing, by way of an interface, information from the aggregated flow representation to a database. 15. A system comprising:
a network interface module configured to capture data packets into a binary format; non-volatile memory configured to temporarily store the data packets received by way of the network interface module in the binary format; an interface to a database; a first array of processing elements configured to independently and asynchronously perform a first set of operations that involve: (i) reading a chunk of data packets from the non-volatile memory, (ii) filtering the data packets within the chunk so that a subset of the data packets remain, (iii) reading a content specification for a particular type of data packet, wherein the content specification indicates how to construct unique transaction keys for the particular type of data packet, and (iv) decoding the data packets in the subset from the binary format to an intermediate format based on the content specification, wherein the intermediate format includes a transaction key; and a second array of processing elements configured to perform a second set of operations, wherein the second set of operations involve: (i) receiving the data packets as decoded by the first array of processing elements, (ii) storing, in a hash table indexed by the transaction key, the data packets as decoded in the intermediate format, (iii) reading the data packets as stored, (iv) analyzing the data packets as read to identify a pre-determined set of characteristics, and (v) writing, by way of the interface, the characteristics identified by the analysis to the database. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the content specification defines an arrangement of fields within the particular type of data packet, and wherein the transaction key is based on values from one or more of the fields. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein decoding the data packets in the subset from the binary format to the intermediate format comprises:
converting the content specification to a table that can be programmatically introspected; mapping values of fields of the data packets in the subset to entries in the table; and converting the entries in the table to the intermediate format. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the pre-determined set of characteristics includes timing characteristics, packet count characteristics, byte count characteristics, or values in fields of the data packets as read. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein a further array of processing elements reads data packets from the network interface module in hard real-time with latencies within a first threshold. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the network interface module is configured to:
receive n packets; capture 1 of the n packets; and transmit n-1 of the n packets to a subsequent packet capture system that is arranged in series with the system. | An embodiment may involve a network interface configured to capture data packets into a binary format and a non-volatile memory configured to temporarily store the data packets received by way of the network interface. The embodiment may also involve a first array of processing elements each configured to independently and asynchronously: (i) read a chunk of data packets from the non-volatile memory, (ii) identify flows of data packets within the chunk, and (iii) generate flow representations for the flows. The embodiment may also involve a second array of processing elements configured to: (i) receive the flow representations from the first array of processing elements, (ii) identify and aggregate common flows across the flow representations into an aggregated flow representation, (iii) based on a filter specification, remove one or more of the flows from the aggregated flow representation, and (iv) write information from the aggregated flow representation to the database.1. A system comprising:
a network interface module configured to capture data packets into a binary format; non-volatile memory configured to temporarily store the data packets received by way of the network interface module in the binary format; an interface to a database; a first array of processing elements configured to independently and asynchronously perform a first set of operations that involve: (i) reading a chunk of data packets from the non-volatile memory, (ii) identifying flows of data packets within the chunk, and (iii) generating flow representations for the flows, wherein the flow representations are in an intermediate format that aggregates header information and metadata associated with the data packets respectively corresponding to the flows; and a second array of processing elements configured to perform a second set of operations, wherein the second set of operations involve: (i) receiving the flow representations from the first array of processing elements, (ii) identifying and aggregating common flows across the flow representations into an aggregated flow representation, (iii) based on a filter specification, removing one or more of the flows from the aggregated flow representation, and (iv) writing, by way of the interface, information from the aggregated flow representation to the database. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein identifying the flows comprises:
identifying, as the flows, respective subsets of data packets within the chunk that have particular combinations of header field values; and representing each of the flows as an entry in the intermediate format. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the header information is from one or more of data link layer, network layer, and transport layer fields. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the header information comprises data link addresses, network addresses, or transport layer port numbers. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the metadata associated with the data packets include one or more of a count of the data packets or a count of bytes in the data packets, a device identifier for the system, or a physical port through which the data packets were received by the system. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein aggregating the common flows across the flow representations into the aggregated flow representation comprises summing respective packet counts or byte counts from the common flows in the aggregated flow representation. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein identifying flows of data packets within the chunk comprises calculating, based on header field values of the data packets within the chunk, respective hash values, wherein the hash values uniquely denote respective flows to which the data packets belong. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein a further array of processing elements reads data packets from the network interface module in hard real-time with latencies within a first threshold. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the first set of operations and the second set of operations are performed in soft real-time with average latency within a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein different processing elements of the second array perform operations each of: identifying and aggregating common flows, removing the one or more of the flows from the aggregated flow representation, and writing the information from the aggregated flow representation to the database. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the filter specification passes the flows that match a whitelist or the filter specification passes the flows that are in a set of top m flows in terms of number of data packets or number of bytes, wherein m is between 1 and 10,000. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the network interface module is configured to:
receive n packets; capture 1 of the n packets; and transmit n-1 of the n packets to a subsequent packet capture system that is arranged in series with the system. 13. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a further array of processing elements configured to provide a virtual machine, wherein a packet processing application is executable on the virtual machine, and wherein a zero copy forwarding buffer allows the packet processing application to read data packets from the non-volatile memory without packet loss. 14. A computer-implemented method comprising:
performing, by a first array of processing elements and in an independent and asynchronous fashion, a first set of operations that involve: (i) reading a chunk of data packets from a non-volatile memory, wherein the data packets were received by way of a network interface module in a binary format, and wherein the non-volatile memory is configured to temporarily store the data packets, (ii) identifying flows of data packets within the chunk, and (iii) generating flow representations for the flows, wherein the flow representations are in an intermediate format that aggregates header information and metadata associated with the data packets respectively corresponding to the flows; and performing, by a second array of processing elements, a second set of operations, wherein the second set of operations involve: (i) receiving the flow representations from the first array of processing elements, (ii) identifying and aggregating common flows across the flow representations into an aggregated flow representation, (iii) based on a filter specification, removing one or more of the flows from the aggregated flow representation, and (iv) writing, by way of an interface, information from the aggregated flow representation to a database. 15. A system comprising:
a network interface module configured to capture data packets into a binary format; non-volatile memory configured to temporarily store the data packets received by way of the network interface module in the binary format; an interface to a database; a first array of processing elements configured to independently and asynchronously perform a first set of operations that involve: (i) reading a chunk of data packets from the non-volatile memory, (ii) filtering the data packets within the chunk so that a subset of the data packets remain, (iii) reading a content specification for a particular type of data packet, wherein the content specification indicates how to construct unique transaction keys for the particular type of data packet, and (iv) decoding the data packets in the subset from the binary format to an intermediate format based on the content specification, wherein the intermediate format includes a transaction key; and a second array of processing elements configured to perform a second set of operations, wherein the second set of operations involve: (i) receiving the data packets as decoded by the first array of processing elements, (ii) storing, in a hash table indexed by the transaction key, the data packets as decoded in the intermediate format, (iii) reading the data packets as stored, (iv) analyzing the data packets as read to identify a pre-determined set of characteristics, and (v) writing, by way of the interface, the characteristics identified by the analysis to the database. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the content specification defines an arrangement of fields within the particular type of data packet, and wherein the transaction key is based on values from one or more of the fields. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein decoding the data packets in the subset from the binary format to the intermediate format comprises:
converting the content specification to a table that can be programmatically introspected; mapping values of fields of the data packets in the subset to entries in the table; and converting the entries in the table to the intermediate format. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the pre-determined set of characteristics includes timing characteristics, packet count characteristics, byte count characteristics, or values in fields of the data packets as read. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein a further array of processing elements reads data packets from the network interface module in hard real-time with latencies within a first threshold. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the network interface module is configured to:
receive n packets; capture 1 of the n packets; and transmit n-1 of the n packets to a subsequent packet capture system that is arranged in series with the system. | 2,800 |
349,554 | 350,428 | 16,854,090 | 2,839 | A system for packaging parcels includes a plurality of parcel packaging stations associated with varying packaging volume capacities. The system further includes a tote delivery conveyor configured to provide transport links to the plurality of parcel packaging stations, for transporting thereto, a tote containing a batch of parcels sorted to a common destination. The system is configured to select a parcel packaging station for the batch of parcels, from the plurality of parcel packaging stations, based on an overall volume of parcels being sorted to that destination. The tote delivery conveyor is controllable to transport the tote containing the batch of parcels to the selected parcel packaging station. | 1. A system for packaging parcels, comprising:
a plurality of parcel packaging stations associated with varying packaging volume capacities, a tote delivery conveyor configured to provide transport links to the plurality of parcel packaging stations, for transporting thereto, a tote containing a batch of parcels sorted to a common destination, wherein the system is configured to select a parcel packaging station for the batch of parcels, from the plurality of parcel packaging stations, based on an overall volume of parcels being sorted to said destination, and wherein the tote delivery conveyor is controllable to transport the tote containing the batch of parcels to the selected parcel packaging station. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
an intake configured to receive the batch of parcels sorted to the common destination from a sorter,
a gathering conveyor configured to transport the batch of parcels from the intake to a tote filling station, for transferring the batch of parcels to the tote. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the intake comprises a plurality of individually controlled buffers. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to associate the tote containing the batch of parcels with a unique identifier linked to information regarding the destination of the batch of parcels. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein, at the selected parcel packaging station, the system is configured to transfer the batch of parcels from the tote into a package for subsequent handling. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the system is configured to transfer multiple batches of parcels associated with said destination into said package. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the system is configured generate a label for the package, the label identifying at least a geographic location of the destination. 8. The system of claim 1, comprising a tote return conveyor configured to transport an empty tote from the parcel packaging stations to the tote filling station. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of parcel packaging stations are selected from the group consisting of: a vertical form fill seal machine station, a bagging station and a gaylord filling station. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to maintain a packaging plan involving multiple destinations, the packaging plan indicating a parcel packaging station suitable for each destination. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the system is configured to dynamically adjust the packaging plan based on an operational condition. 12. A method for packaging parcels, comprising:
receiving parcels sorted to a common destination in a tote, and transporting the tote containing a batch of parcels sorted to the common destination on a tote delivery conveyor to a selected parcel packaging station from a plurality of parcel packing stations, wherein the plurality of parcel packaging stations are associated with varying packaging volume capacities, and wherein the selected parcel packaging station is determined based on an overall volume of parcels being sorted to said destination. 13. The method of claim 12, comprising associating the tote containing the batch of parcels with a unique identifier linked to information regarding the destination of the batch of parcels. 14. The method of claim 12, comprising, at the selected parcel packaging station, transferring the batch of parcels from the tote into a package for subsequent handling. 15. The method of claim 14, comprising transferring multiple batches of parcels associated with said destination into said package. 16. The method of claim 14, comprising generating a label for the package, the label identifying at least a geographic location of the destination. 17. The method of claim 12, comprising transporting an empty tote from the parcel packaging stations to the tote filling station on a tote return conveyor. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the plurality of parcel packaging stations are selected from the group consisting of: a vertical form fill seal machine station, a bagging station and a gaylord filling station. 19. The method of claim 12, comprising maintaining a packaging plan involving multiple destinations, the packaging plan indicating a parcel packaging station suitable for each destination. 20. The method of claim 19, comprising dynamically adjusting the packaging plan based on an operational condition. | A system for packaging parcels includes a plurality of parcel packaging stations associated with varying packaging volume capacities. The system further includes a tote delivery conveyor configured to provide transport links to the plurality of parcel packaging stations, for transporting thereto, a tote containing a batch of parcels sorted to a common destination. The system is configured to select a parcel packaging station for the batch of parcels, from the plurality of parcel packaging stations, based on an overall volume of parcels being sorted to that destination. The tote delivery conveyor is controllable to transport the tote containing the batch of parcels to the selected parcel packaging station.1. A system for packaging parcels, comprising:
a plurality of parcel packaging stations associated with varying packaging volume capacities, a tote delivery conveyor configured to provide transport links to the plurality of parcel packaging stations, for transporting thereto, a tote containing a batch of parcels sorted to a common destination, wherein the system is configured to select a parcel packaging station for the batch of parcels, from the plurality of parcel packaging stations, based on an overall volume of parcels being sorted to said destination, and wherein the tote delivery conveyor is controllable to transport the tote containing the batch of parcels to the selected parcel packaging station. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
an intake configured to receive the batch of parcels sorted to the common destination from a sorter,
a gathering conveyor configured to transport the batch of parcels from the intake to a tote filling station, for transferring the batch of parcels to the tote. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the intake comprises a plurality of individually controlled buffers. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to associate the tote containing the batch of parcels with a unique identifier linked to information regarding the destination of the batch of parcels. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein, at the selected parcel packaging station, the system is configured to transfer the batch of parcels from the tote into a package for subsequent handling. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the system is configured to transfer multiple batches of parcels associated with said destination into said package. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the system is configured generate a label for the package, the label identifying at least a geographic location of the destination. 8. The system of claim 1, comprising a tote return conveyor configured to transport an empty tote from the parcel packaging stations to the tote filling station. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of parcel packaging stations are selected from the group consisting of: a vertical form fill seal machine station, a bagging station and a gaylord filling station. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to maintain a packaging plan involving multiple destinations, the packaging plan indicating a parcel packaging station suitable for each destination. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the system is configured to dynamically adjust the packaging plan based on an operational condition. 12. A method for packaging parcels, comprising:
receiving parcels sorted to a common destination in a tote, and transporting the tote containing a batch of parcels sorted to the common destination on a tote delivery conveyor to a selected parcel packaging station from a plurality of parcel packing stations, wherein the plurality of parcel packaging stations are associated with varying packaging volume capacities, and wherein the selected parcel packaging station is determined based on an overall volume of parcels being sorted to said destination. 13. The method of claim 12, comprising associating the tote containing the batch of parcels with a unique identifier linked to information regarding the destination of the batch of parcels. 14. The method of claim 12, comprising, at the selected parcel packaging station, transferring the batch of parcels from the tote into a package for subsequent handling. 15. The method of claim 14, comprising transferring multiple batches of parcels associated with said destination into said package. 16. The method of claim 14, comprising generating a label for the package, the label identifying at least a geographic location of the destination. 17. The method of claim 12, comprising transporting an empty tote from the parcel packaging stations to the tote filling station on a tote return conveyor. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the plurality of parcel packaging stations are selected from the group consisting of: a vertical form fill seal machine station, a bagging station and a gaylord filling station. 19. The method of claim 12, comprising maintaining a packaging plan involving multiple destinations, the packaging plan indicating a parcel packaging station suitable for each destination. 20. The method of claim 19, comprising dynamically adjusting the packaging plan based on an operational condition. | 2,800 |
349,555 | 350,429 | 16,854,104 | 2,839 | An additive manufacturing system includes one or more processors configured to determine one or more geometrical characteristics of each of multiple segments of a build part at a candidate position relative to an additive manufacturing instrument. The one or more geometrical characteristics include an angle of incidence between a beam line extending from a beam source and a surface normal of a respective skin of the corresponding segment proximate to the beam line. The one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct focused energy beams from a first orientation relative to the build part to form a first segment of the segments of the build part and to direct focused energy beams from a second orientation relative to the build part to form a second segment of the segments of the build part. | 1. An additive manufacturing system comprising:
one or more processors configured to determine one or more geometrical characteristics of each of multiple segments of a build part at a candidate position relative to an additive manufacturing instrument, the one or more geometrical characteristics including an angle of incidence between a beam line extending from a source of focused energy beams and a surface normal of a respective skin of the corresponding segment proximate to the beam line, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct focused energy beams from a first orientation relative to the build part to form a first segment of the segments of the build part and to direct focused energy beams from a second orientation relative to the build part to form a second segment of the segments of the build part. 2. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate a build plan based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, wherein the build plan designates operations to be performed by the additive manufacturing instrument to form the build part. 3. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors control the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation to form the first segment in response to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the first orientation towards the first segment of the build part is less than the angle of incidence defined by a beam line extending from the second orientation towards the first segment of the build part. 4. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors control the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation to form the first segment of the build part in response to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the first orientation towards the first segment of the build part is acute. 5. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors control the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the second orientation to form the second segment of the build part in response to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the second orientation towards the second segment of the build part is acute. 6. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from a first source location to the first segment of the build part and to direct the focused energy beams from a second source location to the second segment of the build part, the first and second source locations being spaced apart from each other relative to the additive manufacturing instrument. 7. The additive manufacturing system of claim 6, wherein the first and second source locations are disposed at opposite corners or opposite sides of the additive manufacturing instrument. 8. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument to form the first segment of the build part by controlling a first beam emitter to emit the focused energy beams from the first orientation towards the first segment, and
wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument to form the second segment of the build part by controlling a second beam emitter to emit the focused energy beams from the second orientation towards the second segment. 9. The additive manufacturing system of claim 8, wherein a coverage area of the first beam emitter along the additive manufacturing instrument overlaps a coverage area of the second beam emitter. 10. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing instrument includes a beam emitter and an actuator, wherein the actuator is configured to move the beam emitter relative to the build part between a first source location and a second source location, and
wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the actuator to position the beam emitter at the first source location for emitting the focused energy beams to form the first segment of the build part and to position the beam emitter at the second source location for emitting the focused energy beams to form the second segment of the build part. 11. The additive manufacturing system of claim 10, wherein the beam emitter is movable along a track, and the track is moveable relative to a platform of the additive manufacturing instrument. 12. The additive manufacturing system of claim 10, wherein the beam emitter is movable along a track, and the track is linear. 13. The additive manufacturing system of claim 10, wherein the beam emitter is movable along a track, and the track is curved. 14. The additive manufacturing system of claim 10, wherein the beam emitter is a first beam emitter and the additive manufacturing instrument further includes a second beam emitter, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the second beam emitter to emit focused energy beams from a third source location, spaced apart from the first and second source locations relative to the, to form a third segment of the build part. 15. A method comprising:
determining one or more geometrical characteristics of each of multiple segments of a build part at a candidate position relative to an additive manufacturing instrument prior to additively manufacturing the build part, the one or more geometrical characteristics including an angle of incidence between a beam line extending from a source of focused energy beams and a surface normal of a respective skin of the corresponding segment proximate to the beam line; controlling the additive manufacturing instrument, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct focused energy beams from a first orientation relative to the build part to form a first segment of the segments of the build part; and controlling the additive manufacturing instrument, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct focused energy beams from a second orientation relative to the build part to form a second segment of the segments of the build part. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation is responsive to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the first orientation towards the first segment is acute. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the second orientation relative to the build part is responsive to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the second orientation towards the second segment is acute. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation is responsive to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the first orientation towards the first segment is less than the angle of incidence defined by a beam line extending from the second orientation towards the first segment. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the additive manufacturing instrument includes a beam emitter and an actuator, and the method further comprises controlling the actuator to move the beam emitter between a first source location and a second source location such that the beam emitter at the first source location emits the focused energy beams to form the first segment of the build part and the beam emitter at the second source location emits the focused energy beams to form the second segment. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation includes controlling a first beam emitter disposed at a first source location to emit the focused energy beams towards the first segment, and the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the second orientation includes controlling a second beam emitter disposed at a second source location to emit the focused energy beams towards the second segment. 21. An additive manufacturing system comprising:
an additive manufacturing instrument that includes a platform and one or more beam emitters, the one or more beam emitters configured to emit focused energy beams from multiple different source locations relative to the platform; and one or more processors configured to determine one or more geometrical characteristics of each of multiple segments of a build part at a candidate position relative to the additive manufacturing instrument, the one or more geometrical characteristics including an angle of incidence between a beam line extending from a corresponding one of the source locations and a surface normal of a respective skin of the corresponding segment proximate to the beam line, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the one or more beam emitters, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct the focused energy beams from a first source location relative to the platform to form a first segment of the segments of the build part and to direct the focused energy beams from a second source location relative to the platform to form a second segment of the segments of the build part. | An additive manufacturing system includes one or more processors configured to determine one or more geometrical characteristics of each of multiple segments of a build part at a candidate position relative to an additive manufacturing instrument. The one or more geometrical characteristics include an angle of incidence between a beam line extending from a beam source and a surface normal of a respective skin of the corresponding segment proximate to the beam line. The one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct focused energy beams from a first orientation relative to the build part to form a first segment of the segments of the build part and to direct focused energy beams from a second orientation relative to the build part to form a second segment of the segments of the build part.1. An additive manufacturing system comprising:
one or more processors configured to determine one or more geometrical characteristics of each of multiple segments of a build part at a candidate position relative to an additive manufacturing instrument, the one or more geometrical characteristics including an angle of incidence between a beam line extending from a source of focused energy beams and a surface normal of a respective skin of the corresponding segment proximate to the beam line, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct focused energy beams from a first orientation relative to the build part to form a first segment of the segments of the build part and to direct focused energy beams from a second orientation relative to the build part to form a second segment of the segments of the build part. 2. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate a build plan based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, wherein the build plan designates operations to be performed by the additive manufacturing instrument to form the build part. 3. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors control the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation to form the first segment in response to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the first orientation towards the first segment of the build part is less than the angle of incidence defined by a beam line extending from the second orientation towards the first segment of the build part. 4. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors control the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation to form the first segment of the build part in response to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the first orientation towards the first segment of the build part is acute. 5. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors control the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the second orientation to form the second segment of the build part in response to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the second orientation towards the second segment of the build part is acute. 6. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from a first source location to the first segment of the build part and to direct the focused energy beams from a second source location to the second segment of the build part, the first and second source locations being spaced apart from each other relative to the additive manufacturing instrument. 7. The additive manufacturing system of claim 6, wherein the first and second source locations are disposed at opposite corners or opposite sides of the additive manufacturing instrument. 8. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument to form the first segment of the build part by controlling a first beam emitter to emit the focused energy beams from the first orientation towards the first segment, and
wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the additive manufacturing instrument to form the second segment of the build part by controlling a second beam emitter to emit the focused energy beams from the second orientation towards the second segment. 9. The additive manufacturing system of claim 8, wherein a coverage area of the first beam emitter along the additive manufacturing instrument overlaps a coverage area of the second beam emitter. 10. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing instrument includes a beam emitter and an actuator, wherein the actuator is configured to move the beam emitter relative to the build part between a first source location and a second source location, and
wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the actuator to position the beam emitter at the first source location for emitting the focused energy beams to form the first segment of the build part and to position the beam emitter at the second source location for emitting the focused energy beams to form the second segment of the build part. 11. The additive manufacturing system of claim 10, wherein the beam emitter is movable along a track, and the track is moveable relative to a platform of the additive manufacturing instrument. 12. The additive manufacturing system of claim 10, wherein the beam emitter is movable along a track, and the track is linear. 13. The additive manufacturing system of claim 10, wherein the beam emitter is movable along a track, and the track is curved. 14. The additive manufacturing system of claim 10, wherein the beam emitter is a first beam emitter and the additive manufacturing instrument further includes a second beam emitter, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the second beam emitter to emit focused energy beams from a third source location, spaced apart from the first and second source locations relative to the, to form a third segment of the build part. 15. A method comprising:
determining one or more geometrical characteristics of each of multiple segments of a build part at a candidate position relative to an additive manufacturing instrument prior to additively manufacturing the build part, the one or more geometrical characteristics including an angle of incidence between a beam line extending from a source of focused energy beams and a surface normal of a respective skin of the corresponding segment proximate to the beam line; controlling the additive manufacturing instrument, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct focused energy beams from a first orientation relative to the build part to form a first segment of the segments of the build part; and controlling the additive manufacturing instrument, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct focused energy beams from a second orientation relative to the build part to form a second segment of the segments of the build part. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation is responsive to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the first orientation towards the first segment is acute. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the second orientation relative to the build part is responsive to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the second orientation towards the second segment is acute. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation is responsive to determining that the angle of incidence defined by the beam line extending from the first orientation towards the first segment is less than the angle of incidence defined by a beam line extending from the second orientation towards the first segment. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the additive manufacturing instrument includes a beam emitter and an actuator, and the method further comprises controlling the actuator to move the beam emitter between a first source location and a second source location such that the beam emitter at the first source location emits the focused energy beams to form the first segment of the build part and the beam emitter at the second source location emits the focused energy beams to form the second segment. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the first orientation includes controlling a first beam emitter disposed at a first source location to emit the focused energy beams towards the first segment, and the controlling of the additive manufacturing instrument to direct the focused energy beams from the second orientation includes controlling a second beam emitter disposed at a second source location to emit the focused energy beams towards the second segment. 21. An additive manufacturing system comprising:
an additive manufacturing instrument that includes a platform and one or more beam emitters, the one or more beam emitters configured to emit focused energy beams from multiple different source locations relative to the platform; and one or more processors configured to determine one or more geometrical characteristics of each of multiple segments of a build part at a candidate position relative to the additive manufacturing instrument, the one or more geometrical characteristics including an angle of incidence between a beam line extending from a corresponding one of the source locations and a surface normal of a respective skin of the corresponding segment proximate to the beam line, wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the one or more beam emitters, based on the one or more geometrical characteristics, to direct the focused energy beams from a first source location relative to the platform to form a first segment of the segments of the build part and to direct the focused energy beams from a second source location relative to the platform to form a second segment of the segments of the build part. | 2,800 |
349,556 | 350,430 | 16,854,106 | 2,839 | A steam generator for a shower steam system includes a first chamber, a second chamber, and an intermediate heat transfer member. The first chamber is configured to receive water. The second chamber is configured to receive a flow of air. The intermediate heat transfer member fluidly separates the first chamber from the second chamber. The intermediate heat transfer member includes a heating element configured to generate heat energy. The intermediate heat transfer member is configured to transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the first chamber to generate steam in the first chamber, and transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the flow of air in the second chamber. | 1. A steam generator for a shower steam system, the steam generator comprising:
a first chamber configured to receive water; a second chamber configured to receive a flow of air; and an intermediate heat transfer member fluidly separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the intermediate heat transfer member including a heating element configured to generate heat energy; wherein the intermediate heat transfer member is configured to:
transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the first chamber to generate steam in the first chamber, and
transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the flow of air in the second chamber. 2. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the first chamber is defined by a first housing, and wherein the second chamber is defined by a second housing coupled to the first housing. 3. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the first chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with an enclosure by a first flow path, and wherein the second chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with the enclosure by a second flow path that is separate from the first flow path. 4. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the heating element is physically separated from the first chamber and the second chamber by the intermediate heat transfer member. 5. The steam generator of claim 1, further comprising a spray nozzle in fluid communication with the first chamber, wherein the spray nozzle is configured to provide an atomized spray of water to the first chamber. 6. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the second chamber is configured to receive the flow of air from a blower. 7. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the intermediate heat transfer member comprises:
an upper portion configured to be at least partially exposed in the first chamber; a middle portion including the heating element; and a plurality of heat transfer elements extending from the middle portion into the second chamber. 8. The steam generator of claim 7, wherein the upper portion is configured to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the first chamber, and wherein the plurality of heat transfer elements are configured to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the second chamber. 9. The steam generator of claim 7, wherein the plurality of heat transfer elements are fins. 10. A shower steam system comprising:
a steam generator, the steam generator comprising:
a first chamber;
a second chamber; and
an intermediate heat transfer member fluidly separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the intermediate heat transfer member including a heating element configured to generate heat energy;
a spray nozzle in fluid communication with the first chamber, wherein the spray nozzle is configured to provide an atomized spray of water to the first chamber; and a blower in fluid communication with the second chamber, the blower configured to provide a flow of air to the second chamber; wherein the intermediate heat transfer member is configured to:
transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the atomized spray of water in the first chamber to generate steam, and
transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the flow of air in the second chamber to heat the flow of air. 11. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the first chamber is defined by a first housing, and wherein the second chamber is defined by a second housing coupled to the first housing. 12. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the first chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with an enclosure by a first flow path, and wherein the second chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with the enclosure by a second flow path that is separate from the first flow path. 13. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the heating element is physically separated from the first chamber and the second chamber by the intermediate heat transfer member. 14. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the intermediate heat transfer member comprises:
an upper portion configured to be at least partially exposed in the first chamber; a middle portion including the heating element; and a plurality of heat transfer elements extending from the middle portion into the second chamber. 15. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the upper portion is configured to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the first chamber, and wherein the plurality of heat transfer elements are configured to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the second chamber. 16. The shower steam system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of heat transfer elements are fins. 17. A method of generating at least one of steam or heated air in a shower steam system, the method comprising:
receiving, by a steam generator, a signal to produce at least one of steam or heated air, the steam generator comprising:
a first chamber;
a second chamber; and
an intermediate heat transfer member fluidly separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the intermediate heat transfer member including a heating element;
providing at least one of water to the first chamber or a flow of air to the second chamber in response to the received signal; generating, by the heating element, heat energy in response to the received signal; and transferring, by the intermediate heat transfer member, the generated heat energy to the first chamber and the second chamber. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein providing water to the first chamber includes spraying, by a spray nozzle of the shower steam system, an atomized spray of water into the first chamber. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein providing the flow of air to the second chamber includes generating, by a blower of the shower steam system, the flow of air. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the signal to produce at least one of steam or heated air includes receiving, by a controller of the shower steam system, the signal. | A steam generator for a shower steam system includes a first chamber, a second chamber, and an intermediate heat transfer member. The first chamber is configured to receive water. The second chamber is configured to receive a flow of air. The intermediate heat transfer member fluidly separates the first chamber from the second chamber. The intermediate heat transfer member includes a heating element configured to generate heat energy. The intermediate heat transfer member is configured to transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the first chamber to generate steam in the first chamber, and transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the flow of air in the second chamber.1. A steam generator for a shower steam system, the steam generator comprising:
a first chamber configured to receive water; a second chamber configured to receive a flow of air; and an intermediate heat transfer member fluidly separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the intermediate heat transfer member including a heating element configured to generate heat energy; wherein the intermediate heat transfer member is configured to:
transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the first chamber to generate steam in the first chamber, and
transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the flow of air in the second chamber. 2. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the first chamber is defined by a first housing, and wherein the second chamber is defined by a second housing coupled to the first housing. 3. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the first chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with an enclosure by a first flow path, and wherein the second chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with the enclosure by a second flow path that is separate from the first flow path. 4. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the heating element is physically separated from the first chamber and the second chamber by the intermediate heat transfer member. 5. The steam generator of claim 1, further comprising a spray nozzle in fluid communication with the first chamber, wherein the spray nozzle is configured to provide an atomized spray of water to the first chamber. 6. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the second chamber is configured to receive the flow of air from a blower. 7. The steam generator of claim 1, wherein the intermediate heat transfer member comprises:
an upper portion configured to be at least partially exposed in the first chamber; a middle portion including the heating element; and a plurality of heat transfer elements extending from the middle portion into the second chamber. 8. The steam generator of claim 7, wherein the upper portion is configured to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the first chamber, and wherein the plurality of heat transfer elements are configured to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the second chamber. 9. The steam generator of claim 7, wherein the plurality of heat transfer elements are fins. 10. A shower steam system comprising:
a steam generator, the steam generator comprising:
a first chamber;
a second chamber; and
an intermediate heat transfer member fluidly separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the intermediate heat transfer member including a heating element configured to generate heat energy;
a spray nozzle in fluid communication with the first chamber, wherein the spray nozzle is configured to provide an atomized spray of water to the first chamber; and a blower in fluid communication with the second chamber, the blower configured to provide a flow of air to the second chamber; wherein the intermediate heat transfer member is configured to:
transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the atomized spray of water in the first chamber to generate steam, and
transfer heat energy generated by the heating element to the flow of air in the second chamber to heat the flow of air. 11. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the first chamber is defined by a first housing, and wherein the second chamber is defined by a second housing coupled to the first housing. 12. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the first chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with an enclosure by a first flow path, and wherein the second chamber is configured to be in fluid communication with the enclosure by a second flow path that is separate from the first flow path. 13. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the heating element is physically separated from the first chamber and the second chamber by the intermediate heat transfer member. 14. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the intermediate heat transfer member comprises:
an upper portion configured to be at least partially exposed in the first chamber; a middle portion including the heating element; and a plurality of heat transfer elements extending from the middle portion into the second chamber. 15. The shower steam system of claim 10, wherein the upper portion is configured to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the first chamber, and wherein the plurality of heat transfer elements are configured to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the second chamber. 16. The shower steam system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of heat transfer elements are fins. 17. A method of generating at least one of steam or heated air in a shower steam system, the method comprising:
receiving, by a steam generator, a signal to produce at least one of steam or heated air, the steam generator comprising:
a first chamber;
a second chamber; and
an intermediate heat transfer member fluidly separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the intermediate heat transfer member including a heating element;
providing at least one of water to the first chamber or a flow of air to the second chamber in response to the received signal; generating, by the heating element, heat energy in response to the received signal; and transferring, by the intermediate heat transfer member, the generated heat energy to the first chamber and the second chamber. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein providing water to the first chamber includes spraying, by a spray nozzle of the shower steam system, an atomized spray of water into the first chamber. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein providing the flow of air to the second chamber includes generating, by a blower of the shower steam system, the flow of air. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the signal to produce at least one of steam or heated air includes receiving, by a controller of the shower steam system, the signal. | 2,800 |
349,557 | 350,431 | 16,854,117 | 1,645 | The present invention provides methods for determining if a patient is likely to benefit from a cancer treatment, by determining if said patient has a gut dysbiosis with an over representation of certain bacterial species. The present invention also provides probiotic strains to improve the efficacy of a cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy, in patients in need thereof. | 1-33. (canceled) 34. A method of treating cancer, said method comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent to a human subject in need thereof, in combination with an antibiotic composition which decreases the firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio or specifically augments SFB and/or Porphyromonadaceae and/or decreases Clostridium group IV in the gut microbiota of said human subject. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the antibiotic composition is selected from the group consisting of vancomycin+imipenem and neomycin+cephalothin. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is cyclophosphamide (CTX). 37. The method of claim 34, wherein the antibiotic composition is administered to human subject in need thereof before administration of the chemotherapeutic agent to said human subject. 38. A method of modulating the gut microbiota of a human subject in need thereof to potentiate the anticancer effects of a chemotherapeutic agent administered to said human subject, comprising administering an antibiotic composition which decreases the firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio or augments specifically SFB and/or Porphyromonadaceae and/or decreases Clostridium group IV in the gut microbiota of an individual when administered to said individual. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein said antibiotic composition is selected from the group consisting of vancomycin+imipenem and neomycin+cephalothin. 40. The method of claim 38, wherein said chemotherapeutic agent is cyclophosphamide (CTX). | The present invention provides methods for determining if a patient is likely to benefit from a cancer treatment, by determining if said patient has a gut dysbiosis with an over representation of certain bacterial species. The present invention also provides probiotic strains to improve the efficacy of a cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy, in patients in need thereof.1-33. (canceled) 34. A method of treating cancer, said method comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent to a human subject in need thereof, in combination with an antibiotic composition which decreases the firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio or specifically augments SFB and/or Porphyromonadaceae and/or decreases Clostridium group IV in the gut microbiota of said human subject. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the antibiotic composition is selected from the group consisting of vancomycin+imipenem and neomycin+cephalothin. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is cyclophosphamide (CTX). 37. The method of claim 34, wherein the antibiotic composition is administered to human subject in need thereof before administration of the chemotherapeutic agent to said human subject. 38. A method of modulating the gut microbiota of a human subject in need thereof to potentiate the anticancer effects of a chemotherapeutic agent administered to said human subject, comprising administering an antibiotic composition which decreases the firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio or augments specifically SFB and/or Porphyromonadaceae and/or decreases Clostridium group IV in the gut microbiota of an individual when administered to said individual. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein said antibiotic composition is selected from the group consisting of vancomycin+imipenem and neomycin+cephalothin. 40. The method of claim 38, wherein said chemotherapeutic agent is cyclophosphamide (CTX). | 1,600 |
349,558 | 350,432 | 16,854,120 | 1,645 | Described embodiments provide systems and methods for reducing latency in accessing application resources. The first device may be intermediary between a client and a server, and may receive a request of a user session for an application resource from the server. The first device may determine, responsive to the request that a user context of the user session is with a second device at a second location. The second location can be farther from the server than a first location of the first device. The first device may send, responsive to the determination, a request to the second device to obtain the user context of the user session. The first device may provide the client with access to the application resource via the user session. The first device may provide the client with access to the application resource according to the obtained user context. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a first device intermediary between a client and a server, a request of a user session for an application resource from the server; determining, by the first device responsive to the request, that a user context of the user session is with a second device at a second location that is farther from the server than a first location of the first device; sending, by the first device responsive to the determination, a request to the second device to obtain the user context of the user session; and providing, by the first device, the client with access to the application resource via the user session according to the obtained user context. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising receiving, by the first device, the request from a domain name system (DNS) server, the request directed by the DNS server from the client to the first device. 3. The method of claim 1, comprising:
receiving, by the first device, the request comprising a cookie for the user session; determining, by the first device, availability of the user context according to information of the cookie. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising determining, by the first device, that the user context is absent from a cache of the first device. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising determining, by the first device, that the server is local to the first device, or resides closer to the first device than to the second device. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising sending, by the first device, the request comprising an application programming interface (API) call to the second device. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising:
receiving, by the first device responsive to the request, the user context from the second device; and storing, by the first device, the user context in a cache of the first device. 8. The method of claim 1, comprising determining, by the first device according to the user context, whether the client is authorized to access the application resource. 9. A first device, comprising:
at least one processor that is intermediary between a client and a server, the at least one processor configured to:
receive a request of a user session for an application resource from the server;
determine, responsive to the request, that a user context of the user session is with a second device at a second location that is farther from the server than a first location of the first device;
send, responsive to the determination, a request to the second device to obtain the user context of the user session; and
provide the client with access to the application resource via the user session according to the obtained user context. 10. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the request from a domain name system (DNS) server, the request directed by the DNS server from the client to the first device. 11. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
receive the request which comprises a cookie for the user session; determine availability of the user context according to information of the cookie. 12. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine that the user context is absent from a cache of the first device. 13. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine that the server is local to the first device, or resides closer to the first device than to the second device. 14. The first device of claim 9, wherein the request comprises an application programming interface (API) call to the second device. 15. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
receive, responsive to the request, the user context from the second device; and store the user context in a cache of the first device. 16. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine, according to the user context, whether the client is authorized to access the application resource. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing program instructions for causing at least one processor to:
receive a request of a user session for an application resource from a server, the at least one processor residing in a first device intermediary between a client and the server; determine, responsive to the request, that a user context of the user session is with a second device at a second location that is farther from the server than a first location of the first device; send, responsive to the determination, a request to the second device to obtain the user context of the user session; and provide the client with access to the application resource via the user session according to the obtained user context. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the program instructions cause the at least one processor to receive the request from a domain name system (DNS) server, the request directed by the DNS server from the client to the first device. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the program instructions cause the at least one processor to:
receive the request which comprises a cookie for the user session; determine availability of the user context according to information of the cookie. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the program instructions cause the at least one processor to determine that the server is local to the first device, or resides closer to the first device than to the second device. | Described embodiments provide systems and methods for reducing latency in accessing application resources. The first device may be intermediary between a client and a server, and may receive a request of a user session for an application resource from the server. The first device may determine, responsive to the request that a user context of the user session is with a second device at a second location. The second location can be farther from the server than a first location of the first device. The first device may send, responsive to the determination, a request to the second device to obtain the user context of the user session. The first device may provide the client with access to the application resource via the user session. The first device may provide the client with access to the application resource according to the obtained user context.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a first device intermediary between a client and a server, a request of a user session for an application resource from the server; determining, by the first device responsive to the request, that a user context of the user session is with a second device at a second location that is farther from the server than a first location of the first device; sending, by the first device responsive to the determination, a request to the second device to obtain the user context of the user session; and providing, by the first device, the client with access to the application resource via the user session according to the obtained user context. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising receiving, by the first device, the request from a domain name system (DNS) server, the request directed by the DNS server from the client to the first device. 3. The method of claim 1, comprising:
receiving, by the first device, the request comprising a cookie for the user session; determining, by the first device, availability of the user context according to information of the cookie. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising determining, by the first device, that the user context is absent from a cache of the first device. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising determining, by the first device, that the server is local to the first device, or resides closer to the first device than to the second device. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising sending, by the first device, the request comprising an application programming interface (API) call to the second device. 7. The method of claim 1, comprising:
receiving, by the first device responsive to the request, the user context from the second device; and storing, by the first device, the user context in a cache of the first device. 8. The method of claim 1, comprising determining, by the first device according to the user context, whether the client is authorized to access the application resource. 9. A first device, comprising:
at least one processor that is intermediary between a client and a server, the at least one processor configured to:
receive a request of a user session for an application resource from the server;
determine, responsive to the request, that a user context of the user session is with a second device at a second location that is farther from the server than a first location of the first device;
send, responsive to the determination, a request to the second device to obtain the user context of the user session; and
provide the client with access to the application resource via the user session according to the obtained user context. 10. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the request from a domain name system (DNS) server, the request directed by the DNS server from the client to the first device. 11. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
receive the request which comprises a cookie for the user session; determine availability of the user context according to information of the cookie. 12. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine that the user context is absent from a cache of the first device. 13. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine that the server is local to the first device, or resides closer to the first device than to the second device. 14. The first device of claim 9, wherein the request comprises an application programming interface (API) call to the second device. 15. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
receive, responsive to the request, the user context from the second device; and store the user context in a cache of the first device. 16. The first device of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine, according to the user context, whether the client is authorized to access the application resource. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing program instructions for causing at least one processor to:
receive a request of a user session for an application resource from a server, the at least one processor residing in a first device intermediary between a client and the server; determine, responsive to the request, that a user context of the user session is with a second device at a second location that is farther from the server than a first location of the first device; send, responsive to the determination, a request to the second device to obtain the user context of the user session; and provide the client with access to the application resource via the user session according to the obtained user context. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the program instructions cause the at least one processor to receive the request from a domain name system (DNS) server, the request directed by the DNS server from the client to the first device. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the program instructions cause the at least one processor to:
receive the request which comprises a cookie for the user session; determine availability of the user context according to information of the cookie. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the program instructions cause the at least one processor to determine that the server is local to the first device, or resides closer to the first device than to the second device. | 1,600 |
349,559 | 350,433 | 16,854,134 | 1,645 | A stereoscopic vision system uses at least two cameras having different parameters to image a scene and create stereoscopic views. The different parameters of the two cameras can be intrinsic or extrinsic, including, for example, the distortion profile of the lens in the cameras, the field of view of the lens, the orientation of the cameras, the positions of the cameras, the color spectrum of the cameras, the frame rate of the cameras, the exposure time of the cameras, the gain of the cameras, the aperture size of the lenses, or the like. An image processing apparatus is then used to process the images from the at least two different cameras to provide optimal stereoscopic vision to a display. | 1- An image acquisition system for capturing a scene, the system comprising:
a. a first camera having a plurality of first imaging parameters and a first capture position relative to the scene, the first camera being configured to capture a first output image of the scene; b. a second camera having a plurality of second imaging parameters and a second capture position relative to the scene, the second camera being configured to capture a second output image of the scene, the first and second capture positions being different from each other, one or more of the first imaging parameters being different from a corresponding one or more of the second imaging parameters, the first and second output images being different from each other according to the differing first and second capture positions and the one or more differing first and second imaging parameters; c. a processing unit connected to the first and second cameras, the processing unit being configured to:
i. receive the first and second output images from the respective first and second cameras, and
ii. process the first and second output images according to a geometrical difference due to parallax from the first and second capture positions and according to any remaining differences due to the one or more differing first and second imaging parameters, in order to produce first and second processed images, 2- The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one display for displaying the first and second processed images. 3- The system of claim 2 wherein the at least one display is on one of a head-mounted virtual reality headset, an augmented reality headset, or a mobile device capable of insertion into a headset. 4- The system of claim 1 wherein the first and second capture positions are modifiable to change the desired view of the scene. 5- The system of claim 1 wherein the processing unit is further configured to:
iii. pre-store difference information regarding the difference in the field of view of each of the first and second cameras,
iv. receive manual input of the difference information from a user, or
v. receive the difference information from the first and second cameras written in a marker and/or metadata. 6- The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one combined image has enhanced image resolution. 7- The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one combined image includes 3D information. 8- An image acquisition system for capturing a scene, the system comprising:
a. a first camera including one or more lenses creating a first distortion profile, the first camera having a first capture position relative to the scene and being configured to capture a first output image of the scene; b. a second camera including one or more lenses creating a second distortion profile different from the first distortion profile, the second camera having a second capture position relative to the scene and being configured to capture a second output image of the scene, the first and second capture positions being different from each other, the first and second output images being different from each other according to the differing first and second capture positions and the differing first and second distortion profiles, and c. a processing unit configured to create at least one combined image by at least one of:
i. combining information from the first output image outside of a first zone of a field of view with information from the second camera, or
ii. combining information from the second output image outside of a second zone of the field of view different from the first zone with information from the first camera, 9- The system of claim 8, further comprising at least one display configured to display the first and second output images. 10- The system of claim 9 wherein the at least one display is on at least one of a head-mounted virtual reality headset, an augmented reality headset, or a mobile device capable of insertion into a headset. 11- The system of claim 8 wherein the first and second capture positions are modifiable to change the desired view of the scene. 12- The system of claim 8 wherein:
difference information regarding the difference in the first and second lens distortion profiles of the first and second cameras is pre-stored, and
the difference information is received from a user or from the first and second cameras written in a marker and/or metadata. 13- An image acquisition system for capturing a scene, the system comprising:
a. a first camera creating a first distortion profile either via smart-binning by a sensor or via processing inside the camera, the first camera having a first capture position relative to the scene and being configured to capture a first output image of the scene, b. a second camera creating a second distortion profile either via smart-binning by a sensor or via processing inside the camera, the second distortion profile being different from the first distortion profile, the second camera having a second capture position relative to the scene and being configured to capture a second output image of the scene, the first and second capture positions being different from each other, the first and second output images being different from each other according to the differing first and second capture positions and the differing first and second distortion profiles, and c. a processing unit configured to create at least one combined image by at least one of:
i. combining information from the first output image outside of a first zone of a field of view with information from the second camera, or
ii. combining information from the second output image outside of a second zone of the field of view different from the first zone with information from the first camera, 14- The system of claim 13, further comprising at least one display configured to display the first and second output images. 15- The system of claim 14 wherein the at least one display is on at least one of a head-mounted virtual reality headset, an augmented reality headset, or a mobile device capable of insertion into a headset. 16- The system of claim 13 wherein the first and second capture positions are modifiable to change the desired view of the scene. 17- The system of claim 13 wherein the processing unit is further configured to:
difference information regarding the difference in the first and second camera distortion profiles of the first and second cameras is pre-stored, and
the difference information is received from a user or from the first and second cameras written in a marker and/or metadata. 18- An image acquisition system for analyzing information about a scene, the system comprising:
a. a first camera having a plurality of first imaging parameters and a first capture position relative to the scene, the first camera being configured to capture a first output image of the scene; b. a second camera having a plurality of second imaging parameters and a second capture position relative to the scene, the second camera being configured to capture a second output image of the scene, the first and second capture positions being different from each other, one or more of the first imaging parameters being different from a corresponding one or more of the second imaging parameters, the first and second output images being different from each other according to the differing first and second capture positions and the one or more differing first and second imaging parameters; c. a processing unit connected to the first and second cameras, the processing unit being configured to:
i. receive the first and second output images from the respective first and second cameras, and
ii. process the first and second output images according to a geometrical difference due to parallax from the first and second capture positions and according to any remaining differences due to the one or more differing first and second imaging parameters, in order to analyze the scene, 19- The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one combined image has enhanced image resolution. 20- The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one combined image includes 3D information. | A stereoscopic vision system uses at least two cameras having different parameters to image a scene and create stereoscopic views. The different parameters of the two cameras can be intrinsic or extrinsic, including, for example, the distortion profile of the lens in the cameras, the field of view of the lens, the orientation of the cameras, the positions of the cameras, the color spectrum of the cameras, the frame rate of the cameras, the exposure time of the cameras, the gain of the cameras, the aperture size of the lenses, or the like. An image processing apparatus is then used to process the images from the at least two different cameras to provide optimal stereoscopic vision to a display.1- An image acquisition system for capturing a scene, the system comprising:
a. a first camera having a plurality of first imaging parameters and a first capture position relative to the scene, the first camera being configured to capture a first output image of the scene; b. a second camera having a plurality of second imaging parameters and a second capture position relative to the scene, the second camera being configured to capture a second output image of the scene, the first and second capture positions being different from each other, one or more of the first imaging parameters being different from a corresponding one or more of the second imaging parameters, the first and second output images being different from each other according to the differing first and second capture positions and the one or more differing first and second imaging parameters; c. a processing unit connected to the first and second cameras, the processing unit being configured to:
i. receive the first and second output images from the respective first and second cameras, and
ii. process the first and second output images according to a geometrical difference due to parallax from the first and second capture positions and according to any remaining differences due to the one or more differing first and second imaging parameters, in order to produce first and second processed images, 2- The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one display for displaying the first and second processed images. 3- The system of claim 2 wherein the at least one display is on one of a head-mounted virtual reality headset, an augmented reality headset, or a mobile device capable of insertion into a headset. 4- The system of claim 1 wherein the first and second capture positions are modifiable to change the desired view of the scene. 5- The system of claim 1 wherein the processing unit is further configured to:
iii. pre-store difference information regarding the difference in the field of view of each of the first and second cameras,
iv. receive manual input of the difference information from a user, or
v. receive the difference information from the first and second cameras written in a marker and/or metadata. 6- The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one combined image has enhanced image resolution. 7- The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one combined image includes 3D information. 8- An image acquisition system for capturing a scene, the system comprising:
a. a first camera including one or more lenses creating a first distortion profile, the first camera having a first capture position relative to the scene and being configured to capture a first output image of the scene; b. a second camera including one or more lenses creating a second distortion profile different from the first distortion profile, the second camera having a second capture position relative to the scene and being configured to capture a second output image of the scene, the first and second capture positions being different from each other, the first and second output images being different from each other according to the differing first and second capture positions and the differing first and second distortion profiles, and c. a processing unit configured to create at least one combined image by at least one of:
i. combining information from the first output image outside of a first zone of a field of view with information from the second camera, or
ii. combining information from the second output image outside of a second zone of the field of view different from the first zone with information from the first camera, 9- The system of claim 8, further comprising at least one display configured to display the first and second output images. 10- The system of claim 9 wherein the at least one display is on at least one of a head-mounted virtual reality headset, an augmented reality headset, or a mobile device capable of insertion into a headset. 11- The system of claim 8 wherein the first and second capture positions are modifiable to change the desired view of the scene. 12- The system of claim 8 wherein:
difference information regarding the difference in the first and second lens distortion profiles of the first and second cameras is pre-stored, and
the difference information is received from a user or from the first and second cameras written in a marker and/or metadata. 13- An image acquisition system for capturing a scene, the system comprising:
a. a first camera creating a first distortion profile either via smart-binning by a sensor or via processing inside the camera, the first camera having a first capture position relative to the scene and being configured to capture a first output image of the scene, b. a second camera creating a second distortion profile either via smart-binning by a sensor or via processing inside the camera, the second distortion profile being different from the first distortion profile, the second camera having a second capture position relative to the scene and being configured to capture a second output image of the scene, the first and second capture positions being different from each other, the first and second output images being different from each other according to the differing first and second capture positions and the differing first and second distortion profiles, and c. a processing unit configured to create at least one combined image by at least one of:
i. combining information from the first output image outside of a first zone of a field of view with information from the second camera, or
ii. combining information from the second output image outside of a second zone of the field of view different from the first zone with information from the first camera, 14- The system of claim 13, further comprising at least one display configured to display the first and second output images. 15- The system of claim 14 wherein the at least one display is on at least one of a head-mounted virtual reality headset, an augmented reality headset, or a mobile device capable of insertion into a headset. 16- The system of claim 13 wherein the first and second capture positions are modifiable to change the desired view of the scene. 17- The system of claim 13 wherein the processing unit is further configured to:
difference information regarding the difference in the first and second camera distortion profiles of the first and second cameras is pre-stored, and
the difference information is received from a user or from the first and second cameras written in a marker and/or metadata. 18- An image acquisition system for analyzing information about a scene, the system comprising:
a. a first camera having a plurality of first imaging parameters and a first capture position relative to the scene, the first camera being configured to capture a first output image of the scene; b. a second camera having a plurality of second imaging parameters and a second capture position relative to the scene, the second camera being configured to capture a second output image of the scene, the first and second capture positions being different from each other, one or more of the first imaging parameters being different from a corresponding one or more of the second imaging parameters, the first and second output images being different from each other according to the differing first and second capture positions and the one or more differing first and second imaging parameters; c. a processing unit connected to the first and second cameras, the processing unit being configured to:
i. receive the first and second output images from the respective first and second cameras, and
ii. process the first and second output images according to a geometrical difference due to parallax from the first and second capture positions and according to any remaining differences due to the one or more differing first and second imaging parameters, in order to analyze the scene, 19- The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one combined image has enhanced image resolution. 20- The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one combined image includes 3D information. | 1,600 |
349,560 | 350,434 | 16,854,105 | 1,645 | An example operation may include one or more of receiving data from a plurality of sources associated with an entity, clustering the data into security-related topics, determining, via one or more machine learning models, maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics, respectively, and generating recommendations to improve the determined maturity values of the entity, wherein the maturity values relate to a level of security of the entity with respect to the security-related topics. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive data from a plurality of sources associated with an entity;
cluster the data into security-related topics;
determine, via one or more machine learning models, maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics, respectively; and
generate recommendations to improve the determined maturity values of the entity, wherein the maturity values relate to a level of security of the entity with respect to the security-related topics. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to convert unstructured text from the received data into vectors and categorize each of the vectors into one of the security-related topics via a natural language process. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine, via the one or more machine learning models, the maturity values based on a frequency of use of keywords associated with the security-related topics and a sentiment analysis of the keywords. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine, via the one or more machine learning models, individual maturity values of the security-related topics for each of people, processes, and technology. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to receive updated data from the plurality of sources, and determine, via the one or more machine learning models, updates to the maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics based on the updated data. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a determined maturity value comprises a score that represents a state of practice of the entity with respect to best practices of an industry for a security-related topic. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to output the generated recommendations for display. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to identify maturity components and capability components for the security-related topic. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to plot an identifier of the security-related topics onto a graph in which a first axis represents a maturity of the security-related topics and a second axis represents a capability of the security-related topics. 10. A method comprising:
receiving data from a plurality of sources associated with an entity; clustering the data into security-related topics; determining, via one or more machine learning models, maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics, respectively; and generating recommendations to improve the determined maturity values of the entity, wherein the maturity values relate to a level of security of the entity with respect to the security-related topics. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the clustering comprises converting unstructured text from the received data into vectors and categorizing each of the vectors into one of the security-related topics via a natural language process. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining comprises determining, via the one or more machine learning models, the maturity values based on a frequency of use of keywords associated with the security-related topics and a sentiment analysis of the keywords. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining comprises determining, via the one or more machine learning models, individual maturity values of the security-related topics for each of people, processes, and technology. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising updating the data from the plurality of sources, and determining, via the one or more machine learning models, updates to the maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics based on the updated data. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein a determined maturity value comprises a score that represents a state of practice of the entity with respect to best practices of an industry for a security-related topic. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising outputting the generated recommendations for display. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the clustering further comprises identifying maturity components and capability components for the security-related topics. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising plotting identifiers of the security-related topics onto a graph in which a first axis represents maturity of the security-related topics and a second axis represents capability of the security-related topics. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
receiving data from a plurality of sources associated with an entity; clustering the data into security-related topics; determining, via one or more machine learning models, maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics, respectively; and generating recommendations to improve the determined maturity values of the entity, wherein the maturity values relate to a level of security of the entity with respect to the security-related topics. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the determining comprises determining, via the one or more machine learning models, the maturity values based on a frequency of use of keywords associated with the security-related topics and a sentiment analysis of the keywords. | An example operation may include one or more of receiving data from a plurality of sources associated with an entity, clustering the data into security-related topics, determining, via one or more machine learning models, maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics, respectively, and generating recommendations to improve the determined maturity values of the entity, wherein the maturity values relate to a level of security of the entity with respect to the security-related topics.1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive data from a plurality of sources associated with an entity;
cluster the data into security-related topics;
determine, via one or more machine learning models, maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics, respectively; and
generate recommendations to improve the determined maturity values of the entity, wherein the maturity values relate to a level of security of the entity with respect to the security-related topics. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to convert unstructured text from the received data into vectors and categorize each of the vectors into one of the security-related topics via a natural language process. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine, via the one or more machine learning models, the maturity values based on a frequency of use of keywords associated with the security-related topics and a sentiment analysis of the keywords. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine, via the one or more machine learning models, individual maturity values of the security-related topics for each of people, processes, and technology. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to receive updated data from the plurality of sources, and determine, via the one or more machine learning models, updates to the maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics based on the updated data. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a determined maturity value comprises a score that represents a state of practice of the entity with respect to best practices of an industry for a security-related topic. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to output the generated recommendations for display. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to identify maturity components and capability components for the security-related topic. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to plot an identifier of the security-related topics onto a graph in which a first axis represents a maturity of the security-related topics and a second axis represents a capability of the security-related topics. 10. A method comprising:
receiving data from a plurality of sources associated with an entity; clustering the data into security-related topics; determining, via one or more machine learning models, maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics, respectively; and generating recommendations to improve the determined maturity values of the entity, wherein the maturity values relate to a level of security of the entity with respect to the security-related topics. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the clustering comprises converting unstructured text from the received data into vectors and categorizing each of the vectors into one of the security-related topics via a natural language process. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining comprises determining, via the one or more machine learning models, the maturity values based on a frequency of use of keywords associated with the security-related topics and a sentiment analysis of the keywords. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining comprises determining, via the one or more machine learning models, individual maturity values of the security-related topics for each of people, processes, and technology. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising updating the data from the plurality of sources, and determining, via the one or more machine learning models, updates to the maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics based on the updated data. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein a determined maturity value comprises a score that represents a state of practice of the entity with respect to best practices of an industry for a security-related topic. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising outputting the generated recommendations for display. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the clustering further comprises identifying maturity components and capability components for the security-related topics. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising plotting identifiers of the security-related topics onto a graph in which a first axis represents maturity of the security-related topics and a second axis represents capability of the security-related topics. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
receiving data from a plurality of sources associated with an entity; clustering the data into security-related topics; determining, via one or more machine learning models, maturity values of the entity for the security-related topics, respectively; and generating recommendations to improve the determined maturity values of the entity, wherein the maturity values relate to a level of security of the entity with respect to the security-related topics. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the determining comprises determining, via the one or more machine learning models, the maturity values based on a frequency of use of keywords associated with the security-related topics and a sentiment analysis of the keywords. | 1,600 |
349,561 | 350,435 | 16,854,127 | 1,645 | A method implemented on a dongle device for controlling menu board items on an attached display device includes receiving content for a menu board from an electronic computing device. The menu board content is transferred to the display device for display on the display device. Information is received regarding sales of items listed on the menu board. The information identifies purchasing trends for the items listed on the menu board. A display of the menu board items is dynamically updated based on the identified purchasing trends. | 1. A method implemented on a dongle device for controlling menu board items on an attached display device, the method comprising:
on the dongle device, receiving content for a menu board from an electronic computing device; transferring the menu board content to the display device for display on the display device; receiving information regarding sales of items listed on the menu board, the information identifying purchasing trends for the items listed on the menu board; and dynamically updating a display of the menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising dynamically updating the display of the menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends, and a geographical location of the dongle device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the sales of items listed on the menu board comprises a quantity of each item purchased via the menu board and a monetary amount of each item purchased. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the information regarding the sales of the items listed on the menu board further comprises a date and time for which each item was purchased. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the information regarding the sales of the items listed on the menu board further comprises a summary of sales volume delineated by time and hour. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving from the electronic computing device information regarding advertisements to be displayed on the menu board. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding the advertisements comprises one or more specific videos or graphics to be displayed on the menu board. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding the advertisements includes placement positions for the one or more specific videos or graphics to be displayed on the menu board. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically updating the display of the menu board comprises re-arranging an order of one of more items displayed on the menu board, based on the identified purchasing trends. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically updating the display of the menu board comprises highlighting one or more of the items displayed on the menu board based on the identified purchasing trends. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the highlighting comprises flashing of changing a color or a font for one or more of the items displayed on the menu board based on the identified purchasing trends. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring traffic of customers who enter a geographical location where the dongle device is located. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a communication is received at the dongle device from each of the customers via a short-distance wireless communication protocol. 14. A dongle device comprising:
a processor; and system memory, the system memory including instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the dongle device to:
receive signage for an electronic menu board from a server computer, the signage including textual and graphic content, the electronic menu board being operational in a restaurant;
transfer the signage to a display device attached to the dongle device for display on the display device;
receive statistical data regarding sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board;
identify purchasing trends from the statistical data regarding the sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board;
receive a geographical location of the restaurant; and
dynamically update a display of the electronic menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends and the geographical location of the restaurant. 15. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein the statistical data comprises a number of units sold and a monetary value of sales for each item listed on the electronic menu board for a specified time period. 16. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein dynamically update the display of the electronic menu board items comprises highlighting a popular item on the electronic menu board. 17. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein dynamically update the display of the electronic menu board items comprises adding a video advertisement for a menu item for which sales are below expectations. 18. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein the instructions further cause the dongle device to monitor traffic of customers who enter the restaurant. 19. The dongle device of claim 18, wherein a communication is received at the dongle device from each of the customers via a Bluetooth transmission from a mobile electronic computing device of each respective monitored customer. 20. A dongle device comprising:
a processor; and system memory, the system memory including instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the dongle device to:
receive signage for an electronic menu board from a server computer, the signage including textual, graphic, and video content, the electronic menu board being operational in a quick service restaurant;
transfer the signage to a display device attached to the dongle device for display on the display device;
receive, from the server computer, statistical data regarding sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board, the statistical data including a number of units sold and a monetary amount of sales by day and hour for each item listed on the electronic menu board;
identify purchasing trends from the statistical data regarding the sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board, the purchasing trends identifying best-selling items, slowest-selling items, spikes in purchasing, and lulls in purchasing;
receive from the server computer an advertisement for a slow-selling item;
receive a geographical location of the restaurant; and
dynamically update a display of the electronic menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends and the geographical location of the quick service restaurant, including adding to the electronic menu board the advertisement for the slow-selling item. | A method implemented on a dongle device for controlling menu board items on an attached display device includes receiving content for a menu board from an electronic computing device. The menu board content is transferred to the display device for display on the display device. Information is received regarding sales of items listed on the menu board. The information identifies purchasing trends for the items listed on the menu board. A display of the menu board items is dynamically updated based on the identified purchasing trends.1. A method implemented on a dongle device for controlling menu board items on an attached display device, the method comprising:
on the dongle device, receiving content for a menu board from an electronic computing device; transferring the menu board content to the display device for display on the display device; receiving information regarding sales of items listed on the menu board, the information identifying purchasing trends for the items listed on the menu board; and dynamically updating a display of the menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising dynamically updating the display of the menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends, and a geographical location of the dongle device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the sales of items listed on the menu board comprises a quantity of each item purchased via the menu board and a monetary amount of each item purchased. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the information regarding the sales of the items listed on the menu board further comprises a date and time for which each item was purchased. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the information regarding the sales of the items listed on the menu board further comprises a summary of sales volume delineated by time and hour. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving from the electronic computing device information regarding advertisements to be displayed on the menu board. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding the advertisements comprises one or more specific videos or graphics to be displayed on the menu board. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding the advertisements includes placement positions for the one or more specific videos or graphics to be displayed on the menu board. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically updating the display of the menu board comprises re-arranging an order of one of more items displayed on the menu board, based on the identified purchasing trends. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically updating the display of the menu board comprises highlighting one or more of the items displayed on the menu board based on the identified purchasing trends. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the highlighting comprises flashing of changing a color or a font for one or more of the items displayed on the menu board based on the identified purchasing trends. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring traffic of customers who enter a geographical location where the dongle device is located. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a communication is received at the dongle device from each of the customers via a short-distance wireless communication protocol. 14. A dongle device comprising:
a processor; and system memory, the system memory including instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the dongle device to:
receive signage for an electronic menu board from a server computer, the signage including textual and graphic content, the electronic menu board being operational in a restaurant;
transfer the signage to a display device attached to the dongle device for display on the display device;
receive statistical data regarding sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board;
identify purchasing trends from the statistical data regarding the sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board;
receive a geographical location of the restaurant; and
dynamically update a display of the electronic menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends and the geographical location of the restaurant. 15. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein the statistical data comprises a number of units sold and a monetary value of sales for each item listed on the electronic menu board for a specified time period. 16. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein dynamically update the display of the electronic menu board items comprises highlighting a popular item on the electronic menu board. 17. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein dynamically update the display of the electronic menu board items comprises adding a video advertisement for a menu item for which sales are below expectations. 18. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein the instructions further cause the dongle device to monitor traffic of customers who enter the restaurant. 19. The dongle device of claim 18, wherein a communication is received at the dongle device from each of the customers via a Bluetooth transmission from a mobile electronic computing device of each respective monitored customer. 20. A dongle device comprising:
a processor; and system memory, the system memory including instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the dongle device to:
receive signage for an electronic menu board from a server computer, the signage including textual, graphic, and video content, the electronic menu board being operational in a quick service restaurant;
transfer the signage to a display device attached to the dongle device for display on the display device;
receive, from the server computer, statistical data regarding sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board, the statistical data including a number of units sold and a monetary amount of sales by day and hour for each item listed on the electronic menu board;
identify purchasing trends from the statistical data regarding the sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board, the purchasing trends identifying best-selling items, slowest-selling items, spikes in purchasing, and lulls in purchasing;
receive from the server computer an advertisement for a slow-selling item;
receive a geographical location of the restaurant; and
dynamically update a display of the electronic menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends and the geographical location of the quick service restaurant, including adding to the electronic menu board the advertisement for the slow-selling item. | 1,600 |
349,562 | 350,436 | 16,854,151 | 1,645 | A method implemented on a dongle device for controlling menu board items on an attached display device includes receiving content for a menu board from an electronic computing device. The menu board content is transferred to the display device for display on the display device. Information is received regarding sales of items listed on the menu board. The information identifies purchasing trends for the items listed on the menu board. A display of the menu board items is dynamically updated based on the identified purchasing trends. | 1. A method implemented on a dongle device for controlling menu board items on an attached display device, the method comprising:
on the dongle device, receiving content for a menu board from an electronic computing device; transferring the menu board content to the display device for display on the display device; receiving information regarding sales of items listed on the menu board, the information identifying purchasing trends for the items listed on the menu board; and dynamically updating a display of the menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising dynamically updating the display of the menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends, and a geographical location of the dongle device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the sales of items listed on the menu board comprises a quantity of each item purchased via the menu board and a monetary amount of each item purchased. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the information regarding the sales of the items listed on the menu board further comprises a date and time for which each item was purchased. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the information regarding the sales of the items listed on the menu board further comprises a summary of sales volume delineated by time and hour. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving from the electronic computing device information regarding advertisements to be displayed on the menu board. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding the advertisements comprises one or more specific videos or graphics to be displayed on the menu board. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding the advertisements includes placement positions for the one or more specific videos or graphics to be displayed on the menu board. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically updating the display of the menu board comprises re-arranging an order of one of more items displayed on the menu board, based on the identified purchasing trends. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically updating the display of the menu board comprises highlighting one or more of the items displayed on the menu board based on the identified purchasing trends. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the highlighting comprises flashing of changing a color or a font for one or more of the items displayed on the menu board based on the identified purchasing trends. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring traffic of customers who enter a geographical location where the dongle device is located. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a communication is received at the dongle device from each of the customers via a short-distance wireless communication protocol. 14. A dongle device comprising:
a processor; and system memory, the system memory including instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the dongle device to:
receive signage for an electronic menu board from a server computer, the signage including textual and graphic content, the electronic menu board being operational in a restaurant;
transfer the signage to a display device attached to the dongle device for display on the display device;
receive statistical data regarding sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board;
identify purchasing trends from the statistical data regarding the sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board;
receive a geographical location of the restaurant; and
dynamically update a display of the electronic menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends and the geographical location of the restaurant. 15. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein the statistical data comprises a number of units sold and a monetary value of sales for each item listed on the electronic menu board for a specified time period. 16. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein dynamically update the display of the electronic menu board items comprises highlighting a popular item on the electronic menu board. 17. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein dynamically update the display of the electronic menu board items comprises adding a video advertisement for a menu item for which sales are below expectations. 18. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein the instructions further cause the dongle device to monitor traffic of customers who enter the restaurant. 19. The dongle device of claim 18, wherein a communication is received at the dongle device from each of the customers via a Bluetooth transmission from a mobile electronic computing device of each respective monitored customer. 20. A dongle device comprising:
a processor; and system memory, the system memory including instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the dongle device to:
receive signage for an electronic menu board from a server computer, the signage including textual, graphic, and video content, the electronic menu board being operational in a quick service restaurant;
transfer the signage to a display device attached to the dongle device for display on the display device;
receive, from the server computer, statistical data regarding sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board, the statistical data including a number of units sold and a monetary amount of sales by day and hour for each item listed on the electronic menu board;
identify purchasing trends from the statistical data regarding the sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board, the purchasing trends identifying best-selling items, slowest-selling items, spikes in purchasing, and lulls in purchasing;
receive from the server computer an advertisement for a slow-selling item;
receive a geographical location of the restaurant; and
dynamically update a display of the electronic menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends and the geographical location of the quick service restaurant, including adding to the electronic menu board the advertisement for the slow-selling item. | A method implemented on a dongle device for controlling menu board items on an attached display device includes receiving content for a menu board from an electronic computing device. The menu board content is transferred to the display device for display on the display device. Information is received regarding sales of items listed on the menu board. The information identifies purchasing trends for the items listed on the menu board. A display of the menu board items is dynamically updated based on the identified purchasing trends.1. A method implemented on a dongle device for controlling menu board items on an attached display device, the method comprising:
on the dongle device, receiving content for a menu board from an electronic computing device; transferring the menu board content to the display device for display on the display device; receiving information regarding sales of items listed on the menu board, the information identifying purchasing trends for the items listed on the menu board; and dynamically updating a display of the menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising dynamically updating the display of the menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends, and a geographical location of the dongle device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the sales of items listed on the menu board comprises a quantity of each item purchased via the menu board and a monetary amount of each item purchased. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the information regarding the sales of the items listed on the menu board further comprises a date and time for which each item was purchased. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the information regarding the sales of the items listed on the menu board further comprises a summary of sales volume delineated by time and hour. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving from the electronic computing device information regarding advertisements to be displayed on the menu board. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding the advertisements comprises one or more specific videos or graphics to be displayed on the menu board. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding the advertisements includes placement positions for the one or more specific videos or graphics to be displayed on the menu board. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically updating the display of the menu board comprises re-arranging an order of one of more items displayed on the menu board, based on the identified purchasing trends. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically updating the display of the menu board comprises highlighting one or more of the items displayed on the menu board based on the identified purchasing trends. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the highlighting comprises flashing of changing a color or a font for one or more of the items displayed on the menu board based on the identified purchasing trends. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring traffic of customers who enter a geographical location where the dongle device is located. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a communication is received at the dongle device from each of the customers via a short-distance wireless communication protocol. 14. A dongle device comprising:
a processor; and system memory, the system memory including instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the dongle device to:
receive signage for an electronic menu board from a server computer, the signage including textual and graphic content, the electronic menu board being operational in a restaurant;
transfer the signage to a display device attached to the dongle device for display on the display device;
receive statistical data regarding sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board;
identify purchasing trends from the statistical data regarding the sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board;
receive a geographical location of the restaurant; and
dynamically update a display of the electronic menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends and the geographical location of the restaurant. 15. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein the statistical data comprises a number of units sold and a monetary value of sales for each item listed on the electronic menu board for a specified time period. 16. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein dynamically update the display of the electronic menu board items comprises highlighting a popular item on the electronic menu board. 17. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein dynamically update the display of the electronic menu board items comprises adding a video advertisement for a menu item for which sales are below expectations. 18. The dongle device of claim 14, wherein the instructions further cause the dongle device to monitor traffic of customers who enter the restaurant. 19. The dongle device of claim 18, wherein a communication is received at the dongle device from each of the customers via a Bluetooth transmission from a mobile electronic computing device of each respective monitored customer. 20. A dongle device comprising:
a processor; and system memory, the system memory including instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the dongle device to:
receive signage for an electronic menu board from a server computer, the signage including textual, graphic, and video content, the electronic menu board being operational in a quick service restaurant;
transfer the signage to a display device attached to the dongle device for display on the display device;
receive, from the server computer, statistical data regarding sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board, the statistical data including a number of units sold and a monetary amount of sales by day and hour for each item listed on the electronic menu board;
identify purchasing trends from the statistical data regarding the sales of the items listed on the electronic menu board, the purchasing trends identifying best-selling items, slowest-selling items, spikes in purchasing, and lulls in purchasing;
receive from the server computer an advertisement for a slow-selling item;
receive a geographical location of the restaurant; and
dynamically update a display of the electronic menu board items based on the identified purchasing trends and the geographical location of the quick service restaurant, including adding to the electronic menu board the advertisement for the slow-selling item. | 1,600 |
349,563 | 350,437 | 16,854,137 | 1,645 | Embodiments disclose a system and method to send an alert/warning for a potential collision to a safety operator of an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV). According to one embodiment, a system perceives an environment of an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), including one or more obstacles. The system determines whether the ADV will potentially collide with the one or more obstacles based on a planned trajectory. If the ADV is determined to potentially collide, the system determines a time to collision based on the planned trajectory and the one or more obstacles. If the determined time to collision is less than a threshold or the time to collision decreases for a predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, the system generates a warning signal to alert an operator of the ADV. The system sends the warning signal to an operator interface of the ADV to alert the operator of the potential collision. | 1. A computer-implemented method for operating an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), the method comprising:
perceiving an environment for an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), including one or more obstacles; determining whether the ADV will potentially collide with the one or more obstacles based on a planned trajectory; if the ADV is determined to potentially collide, determining a time to collision based on the planned trajectory and the one or more obstacles; if the determined time to collision is less than a threshold or the time to collision decreases for a predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, generating a warning signal to alert an operator of the ADV; and sending the warning signal to a user interface of the ADV to alert the operator of the potential collision. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the warning signal is sent through a controlled area network (CAN) bus to a user interface of the ADV to warn the operator. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the threshold is approximately 2 seconds and the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles is approximately 5. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the warning signal on a display device of the ADV or sounding an alarm through a speaker device of the ADV. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be less than the threshold, the ADV performs a hard brake. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be more than the threshold but the time to collision decreases for the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, the ADV performs a mild brake. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the mild brake is approximately one m/s{circumflex over ( )}2 and the hard brake is approximately three m/s{circumflex over ( )}2. 8. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising:
perceiving an environment for an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), including one or more obstacles; determining whether the ADV will potentially collide with the one or more obstacles based on a planned trajectory; if the ADV is determined to potentially collide, determining a time to collision based on the planned trajectory and the one or more obstacles; if the determined time to collision is less than a threshold or the time to collision decreases for a predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, generating a warning signal to alert an operator of the ADV; and sending the warning signal to a user interface of the ADV to alert the operator of the potential collision. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the warning signal is sent through a controlled area network (CAN) bus to a user interface of the ADV to warn the operator. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the threshold is approximately 2 seconds and the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles is approximately 5. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise displaying the warning signal on a display device of the ADV or sounding an alarm through a speaker device of the ADV. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be less than the threshold, the ADV performs a hard brake. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be more than the threshold but the time to collision decreases for the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, the ADV performs a mild brake. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the mild brake is approximately one m/s{circumflex over ( )}2 and the hard brake is approximately three m/s{circumflex over ( )}2. 15. A data processing system, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory coupled to the one or more processors to store instructions, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations including
perceiving an environment for an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), including one or more obstacles;
determining whether the ADV will potentially collide with the one or more obstacles based on a planned trajectory;
if the ADV is determined to potentially collide, determining a time to collision based on the planned trajectory and the one or more obstacles;
if the determined time to collision is less than a threshold or the time to collision decreases for a predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, generating a warning signal to alert an operator of the ADV; and
sending the warning signal to a user interface of the ADV to alert the operator of the potential collision. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the warning signal is sent through a controlled area network (CAN) bus to a user interface of the ADV to warn the operator. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the threshold is approximately 2 seconds and the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles is approximately 5. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise displaying the warning signal on a display device of the ADV or sounding an alarm through a speaker device of the ADV. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be less than the threshold, the ADV performs a hard brake. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be more than the threshold but the time to collision decreases for the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, the ADV performs a mild brake. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the mild brake is approximately one m/s{circumflex over ( )}2 and the hard brake is approximately three m/s{circumflex over ( )}2. | Embodiments disclose a system and method to send an alert/warning for a potential collision to a safety operator of an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV). According to one embodiment, a system perceives an environment of an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), including one or more obstacles. The system determines whether the ADV will potentially collide with the one or more obstacles based on a planned trajectory. If the ADV is determined to potentially collide, the system determines a time to collision based on the planned trajectory and the one or more obstacles. If the determined time to collision is less than a threshold or the time to collision decreases for a predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, the system generates a warning signal to alert an operator of the ADV. The system sends the warning signal to an operator interface of the ADV to alert the operator of the potential collision.1. A computer-implemented method for operating an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), the method comprising:
perceiving an environment for an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), including one or more obstacles; determining whether the ADV will potentially collide with the one or more obstacles based on a planned trajectory; if the ADV is determined to potentially collide, determining a time to collision based on the planned trajectory and the one or more obstacles; if the determined time to collision is less than a threshold or the time to collision decreases for a predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, generating a warning signal to alert an operator of the ADV; and sending the warning signal to a user interface of the ADV to alert the operator of the potential collision. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the warning signal is sent through a controlled area network (CAN) bus to a user interface of the ADV to warn the operator. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the threshold is approximately 2 seconds and the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles is approximately 5. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the warning signal on a display device of the ADV or sounding an alarm through a speaker device of the ADV. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be less than the threshold, the ADV performs a hard brake. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be more than the threshold but the time to collision decreases for the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, the ADV performs a mild brake. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the mild brake is approximately one m/s{circumflex over ( )}2 and the hard brake is approximately three m/s{circumflex over ( )}2. 8. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising:
perceiving an environment for an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), including one or more obstacles; determining whether the ADV will potentially collide with the one or more obstacles based on a planned trajectory; if the ADV is determined to potentially collide, determining a time to collision based on the planned trajectory and the one or more obstacles; if the determined time to collision is less than a threshold or the time to collision decreases for a predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, generating a warning signal to alert an operator of the ADV; and sending the warning signal to a user interface of the ADV to alert the operator of the potential collision. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the warning signal is sent through a controlled area network (CAN) bus to a user interface of the ADV to warn the operator. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the threshold is approximately 2 seconds and the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles is approximately 5. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise displaying the warning signal on a display device of the ADV or sounding an alarm through a speaker device of the ADV. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be less than the threshold, the ADV performs a hard brake. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be more than the threshold but the time to collision decreases for the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, the ADV performs a mild brake. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the mild brake is approximately one m/s{circumflex over ( )}2 and the hard brake is approximately three m/s{circumflex over ( )}2. 15. A data processing system, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory coupled to the one or more processors to store instructions, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations including
perceiving an environment for an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), including one or more obstacles;
determining whether the ADV will potentially collide with the one or more obstacles based on a planned trajectory;
if the ADV is determined to potentially collide, determining a time to collision based on the planned trajectory and the one or more obstacles;
if the determined time to collision is less than a threshold or the time to collision decreases for a predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, generating a warning signal to alert an operator of the ADV; and
sending the warning signal to a user interface of the ADV to alert the operator of the potential collision. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the warning signal is sent through a controlled area network (CAN) bus to a user interface of the ADV to warn the operator. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the threshold is approximately 2 seconds and the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles is approximately 5. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise displaying the warning signal on a display device of the ADV or sounding an alarm through a speaker device of the ADV. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be less than the threshold, the ADV performs a hard brake. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein if the time to collision is determined to be more than the threshold but the time to collision decreases for the predetermined number of consecutive planning cycles, the ADV performs a mild brake. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the mild brake is approximately one m/s{circumflex over ( )}2 and the hard brake is approximately three m/s{circumflex over ( )}2. | 1,600 |
349,564 | 350,438 | 16,854,115 | 1,645 | In various embodiments, a device classification service uses an initial device classification rule to label each of a set of endpoint devices in a network as being of a particular device type. The device classification service identifies a particular attribute exhibited by at least a portion of the set of endpoint devices and was not previously used to generate the initial device classification rule. The device classification service generates one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute. The device classification service switches from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network. | 1. A method comprising:
using, by a device classification service, an initial device classification rule to label each of a set of endpoint devices in a network as being of a particular device type; identifying, by a device classification service, a particular attribute exhibited by at least a portion of the set of endpoint devices, wherein the particular attribute was not previously used to generate the initial device classification rule; generating, by the device classification service, one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute; and switching, by the device classification service, from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network. 2. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining, by the device classification service, a database of device attributes that were used to generate the initial device classification rule. 3. The method as in claim 1, wherein switching from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network comprises:
suggesting, via a user interface, the one or more new device classification rules; and receiving, via the user interface, an acceptance of the one or more new device classification rules. 4. The method as in claim 3, further comprising:
using the acceptance as feedback for a machine learning model that predicts an attribute relevancy score. 5. The method as in claim 1, wherein generating the one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute comprises:
applying clustering to attributes associated with the set of endpoint devices, the attributes including the particular attribute and one more attributes on which the initial device classification rule was based. 6. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:
computing, by the device classification service, a weighting for the particular attribute based on a fraction of the endpoint devices exhibiting the particular attribute to the set of endpoint devices, wherein the device classification service generates the one or more new device classification rules based on the weighting. 7. The method as in claim 1, wherein the one or more new device classification rules comprise a device classification rule having fewer conditional clauses than that of the initial device classification rule. 8. The method as in claim 1, wherein the one or more new device classification rules comprise a device classification rule that has a more granular device type label than that of the initial device classification rule. 9. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:
sending an instruction to one or more networking devices in the network to increase collection of the particular attribute in the network. 10. The method as in claim 1, wherein the initial device classification rule comprises one or more conditional clauses, each clause corresponding to a different device attribute. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
one or more network interfaces; a processor coupled to the one or more network interfaces and configured to execute one or more processes; and a memory configured to store a process that is executable by the processor, the process when executed configured to:
use an initial device classification rule to label each of a set of endpoint devices in a network as being of a particular device type;
identify a particular attribute exhibited by at least a portion of the set of endpoint devices, wherein the particular attribute was not previously used to generate the initial device classification rule;
generate one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute; and
switch from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network. 12. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the process when executed is further configured to:
maintain a database of device attributes that were used to generate the initial device classification rule. 13. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the apparatus switches from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network by:
suggesting, via a user interface, the one or more new device classification rules; and receiving, via the user interface, an acceptance of the one or more new device classification rules. 14. The apparatus as in claim 13, wherein the process when executed is further configured to:
use the acceptance as feedback for a machine learning model that predicts an attribute relevancy score. 15. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the apparatus generates the one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute by:
applying clustering to attributes associated with the set of endpoint devices, the attributes including the particular attribute and one more attributes on which the initial device classification rule was based. 16. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the process when executed is further configured to:
compute a weighting for the particular attribute based on a fraction of the endpoint devices exhibiting the particular attribute to the set of endpoint devices, wherein the device classification service generates the one or more new device classification rules based on the weighting. 17. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the one or more new device classification rules comprise a device classification rule having fewer conditional clauses than that of the initial device classification rule. 18. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the one or more new device classification rules comprise a device classification rule that has a more granular device type label than that of the initial device classification rule. 19. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the process when executed is further configured to:
send an instruction to one or more networking devices in the network to increase collection of the particular attribute in the network. 20. A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing program instructions that cause a device classification service to execute a process comprising:
using, by the device classification service, an initial device classification rule to label each of a set of endpoint devices in a network as being of a particular device type; identifying, by a device classification service, a particular attribute exhibited by at least a portion of the set of endpoint devices, wherein the particular attribute was not previously used to generate the initial device classification rule; generating, by the device classification service, one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute; and switching, by the device classification service, from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network. | In various embodiments, a device classification service uses an initial device classification rule to label each of a set of endpoint devices in a network as being of a particular device type. The device classification service identifies a particular attribute exhibited by at least a portion of the set of endpoint devices and was not previously used to generate the initial device classification rule. The device classification service generates one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute. The device classification service switches from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network.1. A method comprising:
using, by a device classification service, an initial device classification rule to label each of a set of endpoint devices in a network as being of a particular device type; identifying, by a device classification service, a particular attribute exhibited by at least a portion of the set of endpoint devices, wherein the particular attribute was not previously used to generate the initial device classification rule; generating, by the device classification service, one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute; and switching, by the device classification service, from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network. 2. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining, by the device classification service, a database of device attributes that were used to generate the initial device classification rule. 3. The method as in claim 1, wherein switching from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network comprises:
suggesting, via a user interface, the one or more new device classification rules; and receiving, via the user interface, an acceptance of the one or more new device classification rules. 4. The method as in claim 3, further comprising:
using the acceptance as feedback for a machine learning model that predicts an attribute relevancy score. 5. The method as in claim 1, wherein generating the one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute comprises:
applying clustering to attributes associated with the set of endpoint devices, the attributes including the particular attribute and one more attributes on which the initial device classification rule was based. 6. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:
computing, by the device classification service, a weighting for the particular attribute based on a fraction of the endpoint devices exhibiting the particular attribute to the set of endpoint devices, wherein the device classification service generates the one or more new device classification rules based on the weighting. 7. The method as in claim 1, wherein the one or more new device classification rules comprise a device classification rule having fewer conditional clauses than that of the initial device classification rule. 8. The method as in claim 1, wherein the one or more new device classification rules comprise a device classification rule that has a more granular device type label than that of the initial device classification rule. 9. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:
sending an instruction to one or more networking devices in the network to increase collection of the particular attribute in the network. 10. The method as in claim 1, wherein the initial device classification rule comprises one or more conditional clauses, each clause corresponding to a different device attribute. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
one or more network interfaces; a processor coupled to the one or more network interfaces and configured to execute one or more processes; and a memory configured to store a process that is executable by the processor, the process when executed configured to:
use an initial device classification rule to label each of a set of endpoint devices in a network as being of a particular device type;
identify a particular attribute exhibited by at least a portion of the set of endpoint devices, wherein the particular attribute was not previously used to generate the initial device classification rule;
generate one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute; and
switch from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network. 12. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the process when executed is further configured to:
maintain a database of device attributes that were used to generate the initial device classification rule. 13. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the apparatus switches from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network by:
suggesting, via a user interface, the one or more new device classification rules; and receiving, via the user interface, an acceptance of the one or more new device classification rules. 14. The apparatus as in claim 13, wherein the process when executed is further configured to:
use the acceptance as feedback for a machine learning model that predicts an attribute relevancy score. 15. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the apparatus generates the one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute by:
applying clustering to attributes associated with the set of endpoint devices, the attributes including the particular attribute and one more attributes on which the initial device classification rule was based. 16. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the process when executed is further configured to:
compute a weighting for the particular attribute based on a fraction of the endpoint devices exhibiting the particular attribute to the set of endpoint devices, wherein the device classification service generates the one or more new device classification rules based on the weighting. 17. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the one or more new device classification rules comprise a device classification rule having fewer conditional clauses than that of the initial device classification rule. 18. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the one or more new device classification rules comprise a device classification rule that has a more granular device type label than that of the initial device classification rule. 19. The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the process when executed is further configured to:
send an instruction to one or more networking devices in the network to increase collection of the particular attribute in the network. 20. A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing program instructions that cause a device classification service to execute a process comprising:
using, by the device classification service, an initial device classification rule to label each of a set of endpoint devices in a network as being of a particular device type; identifying, by a device classification service, a particular attribute exhibited by at least a portion of the set of endpoint devices, wherein the particular attribute was not previously used to generate the initial device classification rule; generating, by the device classification service, one or more new device classification rules based in part on the particular attribute; and switching, by the device classification service, from using the initial device classification rule to label endpoint devices in the network to using the one or more new device classification rules to label endpoint devices in the network. | 1,600 |
349,565 | 350,439 | 16,854,121 | 1,645 | An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a Temporal CVV2 of CVV, which may be represented as a temporary three digit number generated using unique credentials associated with a card product. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Temporal CVV2 may be generated for each transaction request or other defined set of transactions based on one or more factors, including time period/limit, usage, fraud/risk considerations. With this solution, a customer may request a new Temporal CVV2 each time a purchase is initiated. This may include online purchases, e-commerce transactions, manual link and provision requests, customer authentication for servicing channels, etc. An embodiment of the present invention seeks to mitigate risk and provide a safer and secure solution for customers while providing flexibility to make various purchases before a new card arrives. | 1. A system that generates a temporal card verification value (CVV2) for secure transaction processing, the system comprising:
an API gateway configured to receive data from one or more customer channels, the customer channels comprising a tokenization channel, a servicing channel, an online channel, and a mobile apps channel; and a crypto system that comprises a computer processor, coupled to the API gateway, the computer processor further configured to perform the steps of:
upon approving a customer for a physical card and providing the card number and expiration date to the customer, receiving a request from the customer for a Temporal CVV2 to initiate a transaction with the card number and expiration date wherein the card number is associated with an account;
generating, via a crypto generation processor, a unique Temporal CVV2 that is distinct from a CVV2 that is printed on the card and associated with the card number wherein the Temporal CVV2 comprises a validity parameter and wherein the Temporal CVV2 includes one or more restrictions, the one or more restrictions comprising a valid time period and a time limit;
validating, via a crypto validation processor, the Temporal CVV2 to process the transaction, wherein the validation includes determining the customer has not received and activated the physical card; and
communicating, via a secure encryption protocol, the Temporal CVV2 to one or more hardware security servers. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the crypto system further comprises a memory component that stores and manages key information associated with the Temporal CVV. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the transaction comprises an online transaction via a network communication system. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the transaction is initiated before the customer receives a physical card product associated with the account. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the validity parameter is based on a time restriction. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the validity parameter is based on usage restriction. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the validity parameter is derived dynamically based on a counter. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the validity parameter is based on a plurality of factors comprising time and usage. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the request from the customer is received via a mobile application executing on a customer's mobile device. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the request from the customer is received via an online website supported by a financial institution associated with the account. 11. A method that generates a temporal card verification value (CVV2) for secure transaction processing, the method comprising the steps of:
upon approving a customer for a physical card and providing the card number and expiration date to the customer, receiving a request from the customer for a Temporal CVV2 to initiate a transaction with the card number and expiration date wherein the card number is associated with an account;
generating, via a crypto generation processor, a unique Temporal CVV2 that is distinct from a CVV2 that is printed on the card and associated with the card number wherein the Temporal CVV2 comprises a validity parameter and wherein the Temporal CVV2 includes one or more restrictions, the one or more restrictions comprising a valid time period and a time limit;
validating, via a crypto validation processor, the Temporal CVV2 to process the transaction, wherein the validation includes determining the customer has not received and activated the physical card; and communicating, via a secure encryption protocol, the Temporal CVV2 to one or more hardware security servers. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:
storing and managing, via a memory component, key information associated with the Temporal CVV. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the transaction comprises an online transaction via a network communication system. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the transaction is initiated before the customer receives a physical card product associated with the account. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the validity parameter is based on a time restriction. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the validity parameter is based on usage restriction. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the validity parameter is derived dynamically based on a counter. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the validity parameter is based on a plurality of factors comprising time and usage. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the request from the customer is received via a mobile application executing on a customer's mobile device. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the request from the customer is received via an online website supported by a financial institution associated with the account. | An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a Temporal CVV2 of CVV, which may be represented as a temporary three digit number generated using unique credentials associated with a card product. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Temporal CVV2 may be generated for each transaction request or other defined set of transactions based on one or more factors, including time period/limit, usage, fraud/risk considerations. With this solution, a customer may request a new Temporal CVV2 each time a purchase is initiated. This may include online purchases, e-commerce transactions, manual link and provision requests, customer authentication for servicing channels, etc. An embodiment of the present invention seeks to mitigate risk and provide a safer and secure solution for customers while providing flexibility to make various purchases before a new card arrives.1. A system that generates a temporal card verification value (CVV2) for secure transaction processing, the system comprising:
an API gateway configured to receive data from one or more customer channels, the customer channels comprising a tokenization channel, a servicing channel, an online channel, and a mobile apps channel; and a crypto system that comprises a computer processor, coupled to the API gateway, the computer processor further configured to perform the steps of:
upon approving a customer for a physical card and providing the card number and expiration date to the customer, receiving a request from the customer for a Temporal CVV2 to initiate a transaction with the card number and expiration date wherein the card number is associated with an account;
generating, via a crypto generation processor, a unique Temporal CVV2 that is distinct from a CVV2 that is printed on the card and associated with the card number wherein the Temporal CVV2 comprises a validity parameter and wherein the Temporal CVV2 includes one or more restrictions, the one or more restrictions comprising a valid time period and a time limit;
validating, via a crypto validation processor, the Temporal CVV2 to process the transaction, wherein the validation includes determining the customer has not received and activated the physical card; and
communicating, via a secure encryption protocol, the Temporal CVV2 to one or more hardware security servers. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the crypto system further comprises a memory component that stores and manages key information associated with the Temporal CVV. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the transaction comprises an online transaction via a network communication system. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the transaction is initiated before the customer receives a physical card product associated with the account. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the validity parameter is based on a time restriction. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the validity parameter is based on usage restriction. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the validity parameter is derived dynamically based on a counter. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the validity parameter is based on a plurality of factors comprising time and usage. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the request from the customer is received via a mobile application executing on a customer's mobile device. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the request from the customer is received via an online website supported by a financial institution associated with the account. 11. A method that generates a temporal card verification value (CVV2) for secure transaction processing, the method comprising the steps of:
upon approving a customer for a physical card and providing the card number and expiration date to the customer, receiving a request from the customer for a Temporal CVV2 to initiate a transaction with the card number and expiration date wherein the card number is associated with an account;
generating, via a crypto generation processor, a unique Temporal CVV2 that is distinct from a CVV2 that is printed on the card and associated with the card number wherein the Temporal CVV2 comprises a validity parameter and wherein the Temporal CVV2 includes one or more restrictions, the one or more restrictions comprising a valid time period and a time limit;
validating, via a crypto validation processor, the Temporal CVV2 to process the transaction, wherein the validation includes determining the customer has not received and activated the physical card; and communicating, via a secure encryption protocol, the Temporal CVV2 to one or more hardware security servers. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:
storing and managing, via a memory component, key information associated with the Temporal CVV. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the transaction comprises an online transaction via a network communication system. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the transaction is initiated before the customer receives a physical card product associated with the account. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the validity parameter is based on a time restriction. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the validity parameter is based on usage restriction. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the validity parameter is derived dynamically based on a counter. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the validity parameter is based on a plurality of factors comprising time and usage. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the request from the customer is received via a mobile application executing on a customer's mobile device. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the request from the customer is received via an online website supported by a financial institution associated with the account. | 1,600 |
349,566 | 350,440 | 16,854,075 | 1,645 | Provided is a method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal. A semiconductor structure for manufacturing BEOL wire is provided, wherein the semiconductor structure at least comprises a carbon coating and intermediate layer on it; forming a photoresist layer on the intermediate layer and exposing the photoresist layer according to a layout; developing the exposed photoresist layer by using a developing solution, and causing the developed photoresist to react with the intermediate layer in a contact region of the developed photoresist to form a peg groove; and etching by using the groove in the semiconductor structure to form a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal. This application can reducing the longitudinal shrink of the metal wire, achieving the improvement of the lateral and longitudinal shrink uniformity, reducing defects caused by misalignment of the through hole and the metal wire, and increasing the effective usable area of a chip. | 1. A method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal, at least comprising the following steps:
step 1, providing a semiconductor structure for manufacturing a BEOL metal wire, wherein the semiconductor structure at least comprises a carbon coating and an intermediate layer on the carbon coating; step 2, forming a photoresist layer on the intermediate layer and exposing the photoresist layer according to a layout; step 3, developing the exposed photoresist layer by using a developing solution, and causing the developed photoresist to react with the intermediate layer in a contact region of the developed photoresist to form a peg groove; and step 4, etching by using the groove in the semiconductor structure to form a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal. 2. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor structure in step 1 comprises a laminated layer under the carbon coating. 3. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 2, wherein the laminated structure in step 1 comprises, from bottom to top, a carbon-containing silicon nitride layer, a first nitrogen-free anti-reflection coating, a TiN layer, and a second nitrogen-free anti-reflection coating. 4. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the carbon coating in step 1 is 1800 angstroms. 5. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the carbon-containing silicon nitride layer in the laminated structure is 100 angstroms. 6. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the first nitrogen-free anti-reflection coating in the laminated structure is 200 angstroms. 7. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the TiN layer in the laminated structure is 250 angstroms. 8. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the second nitrogen-free anti-reflection coating in the laminated structure is 400 angstroms. 9. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the peg groove is formed in step 3, its narrow part has a width of 53 nm and its wide part has a width of 59 nm. 10. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 9, wherein the method for etching by using the groove in the semiconductor structure to form a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal in step 4 at least comprises: (a) etching the intermediate layer according to the width of the bottom of the intermediate layer, so that the width of the exposed carbon coating reaches 32 nm; and (b) etching the laminated structure along the exposed carbon coating to form a 32 nm groove. 11. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer in step 1 is a bottom anti-reflection layer. 12. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 11, wherein the thickness of the bottom anti-reflection layer is 330 angstroms. 13. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the photoresist layer formed on the intermediate layer in step 2 is 750 angstroms. | Provided is a method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal. A semiconductor structure for manufacturing BEOL wire is provided, wherein the semiconductor structure at least comprises a carbon coating and intermediate layer on it; forming a photoresist layer on the intermediate layer and exposing the photoresist layer according to a layout; developing the exposed photoresist layer by using a developing solution, and causing the developed photoresist to react with the intermediate layer in a contact region of the developed photoresist to form a peg groove; and etching by using the groove in the semiconductor structure to form a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal. This application can reducing the longitudinal shrink of the metal wire, achieving the improvement of the lateral and longitudinal shrink uniformity, reducing defects caused by misalignment of the through hole and the metal wire, and increasing the effective usable area of a chip.1. A method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal, at least comprising the following steps:
step 1, providing a semiconductor structure for manufacturing a BEOL metal wire, wherein the semiconductor structure at least comprises a carbon coating and an intermediate layer on the carbon coating; step 2, forming a photoresist layer on the intermediate layer and exposing the photoresist layer according to a layout; step 3, developing the exposed photoresist layer by using a developing solution, and causing the developed photoresist to react with the intermediate layer in a contact region of the developed photoresist to form a peg groove; and step 4, etching by using the groove in the semiconductor structure to form a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal. 2. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor structure in step 1 comprises a laminated layer under the carbon coating. 3. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 2, wherein the laminated structure in step 1 comprises, from bottom to top, a carbon-containing silicon nitride layer, a first nitrogen-free anti-reflection coating, a TiN layer, and a second nitrogen-free anti-reflection coating. 4. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the carbon coating in step 1 is 1800 angstroms. 5. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the carbon-containing silicon nitride layer in the laminated structure is 100 angstroms. 6. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the first nitrogen-free anti-reflection coating in the laminated structure is 200 angstroms. 7. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the TiN layer in the laminated structure is 250 angstroms. 8. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the second nitrogen-free anti-reflection coating in the laminated structure is 400 angstroms. 9. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 3, wherein the peg groove is formed in step 3, its narrow part has a width of 53 nm and its wide part has a width of 59 nm. 10. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 9, wherein the method for etching by using the groove in the semiconductor structure to form a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal in step 4 at least comprises: (a) etching the intermediate layer according to the width of the bottom of the intermediate layer, so that the width of the exposed carbon coating reaches 32 nm; and (b) etching the laminated structure along the exposed carbon coating to form a 32 nm groove. 11. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer in step 1 is a bottom anti-reflection layer. 12. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 11, wherein the thickness of the bottom anti-reflection layer is 330 angstroms. 13. The method for manufacturing a 14 nm-node BEOL 32 nm-width metal according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the photoresist layer formed on the intermediate layer in step 2 is 750 angstroms. | 1,600 |
349,567 | 350,441 | 16,854,083 | 1,645 | Provided is a small-sized money processing machine that is easy to use in a store. A money processing machine used for settlement of a transaction performed in a store, includes: a banknote processing unit that performs depositing and dispensing of banknotes; a coin processing unit that performs depositing and dispensing of coins; and an accommodation unit that accommodates components to be connected to at least one of the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit. The banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are disposed in a housing so as to be vertically aligned. | 1. A money processing machine used for settlement of a transaction performed in a store, the machine comprising:
a banknote processing unit configured to perform depositing and dispensing of banknotes; a coin processing unit configured to perform depositing and dispensing of coins; and an accommodation unit configured to accommodate components to be connected to at least one of the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit, wherein the banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are disposed in a housing so as to be vertically aligned. 2. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the accommodation unit is disposed between the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit. 3. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the banknote processing unit is disposed above the coin processing unit. 4. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein positions of a front surface of the banknote processing unit and a front surface of the accommodation unit are retracted rearward positions from a front surface of the coin processing unit. 5. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein
the banknote processing unit has a banknote inlet through which banknotes are deposited, the coin processing unit has a coin inlet through which coins are deposited, and with regard to a positional relationship in a plan view in a width direction of the machine, the banknote inlet and the coin inlet are located such that at least parts thereof overlap each other. 6. The money processing machine according to claim 5, wherein
the banknote processing unit further includes a banknote outlet through which banknotes are dispensed, the coin processing unit further includes a coin outlet through which coins are dispensed, and with regard to a positional relationship in a plan view in a width direction of the machine, the banknote inlet, the banknote outlet, the coin inlet, and the coin outlet are located such that at least parts thereof overlap each other. 7. The money processing machine according to claim 6, wherein
the banknote processing unit and the accommodation unit are disposed above the coin processing unit, positions of a front surface of the banknote processing unit and a front surface of the accommodation unit are retracted rearward positions from a front surface of the coin processing unit, and the coin inlet is disposed such that at least a part thereof is present at an upper surface of the coin processing unit. 8. The money processing machine according to claim 7, wherein
the banknote inlet is disposed such that at least a part thereof is present at a front surface of the banknote processing unit, the banknote outlet is disposed at the front surface of the banknote processing unit, and the coin outlet is disposed at the front surface of the coin processing unit. 9. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are movable from a front surface side of the money processing machine, independently from each other. 10. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the accommodation unit accommodates a power supply unit for supplying power. 11. The money processing machine according to claim 10, wherein the accommodation unit accommodates a communication unit for communicating with an external device. 12. The money processing machine according to claim 11, wherein
the banknote processing unit is connected to the power supply unit via a first cable, and the first cable has a length that allows at least one of the banknote processing unit and the power supply unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the banknote processing unit with the power supply unit. 13. The money processing machine according to claim 12, wherein
the banknote processing unit is connected to the communication unit via the first cable, and the first cable has a length that allows at least one of the banknote processing unit and the communication unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the banknote processing unit with the communication unit. 14. The money processing machine according to claim 12, wherein
the coin processing unit is connected to the power supply unit via a second cable, and the second cable has a length that allows at least one of the coin processing unit and the power supply unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the coin processing unit with the power supply unit. 15. The money processing machine according to claim 14, wherein
the coin processing unit is connected to the communication unit via the second cable, and the second cable has a length that allows at least one of the coin processing unit and the communication unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the coin processing unit with the communication unit. 16. The money processing machine according to claim 14, wherein each of the first cable and the second cable is covered with a protection member. | Provided is a small-sized money processing machine that is easy to use in a store. A money processing machine used for settlement of a transaction performed in a store, includes: a banknote processing unit that performs depositing and dispensing of banknotes; a coin processing unit that performs depositing and dispensing of coins; and an accommodation unit that accommodates components to be connected to at least one of the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit. The banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are disposed in a housing so as to be vertically aligned.1. A money processing machine used for settlement of a transaction performed in a store, the machine comprising:
a banknote processing unit configured to perform depositing and dispensing of banknotes; a coin processing unit configured to perform depositing and dispensing of coins; and an accommodation unit configured to accommodate components to be connected to at least one of the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit, wherein the banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are disposed in a housing so as to be vertically aligned. 2. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the accommodation unit is disposed between the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit. 3. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the banknote processing unit is disposed above the coin processing unit. 4. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein positions of a front surface of the banknote processing unit and a front surface of the accommodation unit are retracted rearward positions from a front surface of the coin processing unit. 5. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein
the banknote processing unit has a banknote inlet through which banknotes are deposited, the coin processing unit has a coin inlet through which coins are deposited, and with regard to a positional relationship in a plan view in a width direction of the machine, the banknote inlet and the coin inlet are located such that at least parts thereof overlap each other. 6. The money processing machine according to claim 5, wherein
the banknote processing unit further includes a banknote outlet through which banknotes are dispensed, the coin processing unit further includes a coin outlet through which coins are dispensed, and with regard to a positional relationship in a plan view in a width direction of the machine, the banknote inlet, the banknote outlet, the coin inlet, and the coin outlet are located such that at least parts thereof overlap each other. 7. The money processing machine according to claim 6, wherein
the banknote processing unit and the accommodation unit are disposed above the coin processing unit, positions of a front surface of the banknote processing unit and a front surface of the accommodation unit are retracted rearward positions from a front surface of the coin processing unit, and the coin inlet is disposed such that at least a part thereof is present at an upper surface of the coin processing unit. 8. The money processing machine according to claim 7, wherein
the banknote inlet is disposed such that at least a part thereof is present at a front surface of the banknote processing unit, the banknote outlet is disposed at the front surface of the banknote processing unit, and the coin outlet is disposed at the front surface of the coin processing unit. 9. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are movable from a front surface side of the money processing machine, independently from each other. 10. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the accommodation unit accommodates a power supply unit for supplying power. 11. The money processing machine according to claim 10, wherein the accommodation unit accommodates a communication unit for communicating with an external device. 12. The money processing machine according to claim 11, wherein
the banknote processing unit is connected to the power supply unit via a first cable, and the first cable has a length that allows at least one of the banknote processing unit and the power supply unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the banknote processing unit with the power supply unit. 13. The money processing machine according to claim 12, wherein
the banknote processing unit is connected to the communication unit via the first cable, and the first cable has a length that allows at least one of the banknote processing unit and the communication unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the banknote processing unit with the communication unit. 14. The money processing machine according to claim 12, wherein
the coin processing unit is connected to the power supply unit via a second cable, and the second cable has a length that allows at least one of the coin processing unit and the power supply unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the coin processing unit with the power supply unit. 15. The money processing machine according to claim 14, wherein
the coin processing unit is connected to the communication unit via the second cable, and the second cable has a length that allows at least one of the coin processing unit and the communication unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the coin processing unit with the communication unit. 16. The money processing machine according to claim 14, wherein each of the first cable and the second cable is covered with a protection member. | 1,600 |
349,568 | 350,442 | 16,854,124 | 1,645 | Provided is a small-sized money processing machine that is easy to use in a store. A money processing machine used for settlement of a transaction performed in a store, includes: a banknote processing unit that performs depositing and dispensing of banknotes; a coin processing unit that performs depositing and dispensing of coins; and an accommodation unit that accommodates components to be connected to at least one of the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit. The banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are disposed in a housing so as to be vertically aligned. | 1. A money processing machine used for settlement of a transaction performed in a store, the machine comprising:
a banknote processing unit configured to perform depositing and dispensing of banknotes; a coin processing unit configured to perform depositing and dispensing of coins; and an accommodation unit configured to accommodate components to be connected to at least one of the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit, wherein the banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are disposed in a housing so as to be vertically aligned. 2. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the accommodation unit is disposed between the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit. 3. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the banknote processing unit is disposed above the coin processing unit. 4. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein positions of a front surface of the banknote processing unit and a front surface of the accommodation unit are retracted rearward positions from a front surface of the coin processing unit. 5. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein
the banknote processing unit has a banknote inlet through which banknotes are deposited, the coin processing unit has a coin inlet through which coins are deposited, and with regard to a positional relationship in a plan view in a width direction of the machine, the banknote inlet and the coin inlet are located such that at least parts thereof overlap each other. 6. The money processing machine according to claim 5, wherein
the banknote processing unit further includes a banknote outlet through which banknotes are dispensed, the coin processing unit further includes a coin outlet through which coins are dispensed, and with regard to a positional relationship in a plan view in a width direction of the machine, the banknote inlet, the banknote outlet, the coin inlet, and the coin outlet are located such that at least parts thereof overlap each other. 7. The money processing machine according to claim 6, wherein
the banknote processing unit and the accommodation unit are disposed above the coin processing unit, positions of a front surface of the banknote processing unit and a front surface of the accommodation unit are retracted rearward positions from a front surface of the coin processing unit, and the coin inlet is disposed such that at least a part thereof is present at an upper surface of the coin processing unit. 8. The money processing machine according to claim 7, wherein
the banknote inlet is disposed such that at least a part thereof is present at a front surface of the banknote processing unit, the banknote outlet is disposed at the front surface of the banknote processing unit, and the coin outlet is disposed at the front surface of the coin processing unit. 9. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are movable from a front surface side of the money processing machine, independently from each other. 10. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the accommodation unit accommodates a power supply unit for supplying power. 11. The money processing machine according to claim 10, wherein the accommodation unit accommodates a communication unit for communicating with an external device. 12. The money processing machine according to claim 11, wherein
the banknote processing unit is connected to the power supply unit via a first cable, and the first cable has a length that allows at least one of the banknote processing unit and the power supply unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the banknote processing unit with the power supply unit. 13. The money processing machine according to claim 12, wherein
the banknote processing unit is connected to the communication unit via the first cable, and the first cable has a length that allows at least one of the banknote processing unit and the communication unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the banknote processing unit with the communication unit. 14. The money processing machine according to claim 12, wherein
the coin processing unit is connected to the power supply unit via a second cable, and the second cable has a length that allows at least one of the coin processing unit and the power supply unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the coin processing unit with the power supply unit. 15. The money processing machine according to claim 14, wherein
the coin processing unit is connected to the communication unit via the second cable, and the second cable has a length that allows at least one of the coin processing unit and the communication unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the coin processing unit with the communication unit. 16. The money processing machine according to claim 14, wherein each of the first cable and the second cable is covered with a protection member. | Provided is a small-sized money processing machine that is easy to use in a store. A money processing machine used for settlement of a transaction performed in a store, includes: a banknote processing unit that performs depositing and dispensing of banknotes; a coin processing unit that performs depositing and dispensing of coins; and an accommodation unit that accommodates components to be connected to at least one of the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit. The banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are disposed in a housing so as to be vertically aligned.1. A money processing machine used for settlement of a transaction performed in a store, the machine comprising:
a banknote processing unit configured to perform depositing and dispensing of banknotes; a coin processing unit configured to perform depositing and dispensing of coins; and an accommodation unit configured to accommodate components to be connected to at least one of the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit, wherein the banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are disposed in a housing so as to be vertically aligned. 2. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the accommodation unit is disposed between the banknote processing unit and the coin processing unit. 3. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the banknote processing unit is disposed above the coin processing unit. 4. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein positions of a front surface of the banknote processing unit and a front surface of the accommodation unit are retracted rearward positions from a front surface of the coin processing unit. 5. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein
the banknote processing unit has a banknote inlet through which banknotes are deposited, the coin processing unit has a coin inlet through which coins are deposited, and with regard to a positional relationship in a plan view in a width direction of the machine, the banknote inlet and the coin inlet are located such that at least parts thereof overlap each other. 6. The money processing machine according to claim 5, wherein
the banknote processing unit further includes a banknote outlet through which banknotes are dispensed, the coin processing unit further includes a coin outlet through which coins are dispensed, and with regard to a positional relationship in a plan view in a width direction of the machine, the banknote inlet, the banknote outlet, the coin inlet, and the coin outlet are located such that at least parts thereof overlap each other. 7. The money processing machine according to claim 6, wherein
the banknote processing unit and the accommodation unit are disposed above the coin processing unit, positions of a front surface of the banknote processing unit and a front surface of the accommodation unit are retracted rearward positions from a front surface of the coin processing unit, and the coin inlet is disposed such that at least a part thereof is present at an upper surface of the coin processing unit. 8. The money processing machine according to claim 7, wherein
the banknote inlet is disposed such that at least a part thereof is present at a front surface of the banknote processing unit, the banknote outlet is disposed at the front surface of the banknote processing unit, and the coin outlet is disposed at the front surface of the coin processing unit. 9. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the banknote processing unit, the coin processing unit, and the accommodation unit are movable from a front surface side of the money processing machine, independently from each other. 10. The money processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the accommodation unit accommodates a power supply unit for supplying power. 11. The money processing machine according to claim 10, wherein the accommodation unit accommodates a communication unit for communicating with an external device. 12. The money processing machine according to claim 11, wherein
the banknote processing unit is connected to the power supply unit via a first cable, and the first cable has a length that allows at least one of the banknote processing unit and the power supply unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the banknote processing unit with the power supply unit. 13. The money processing machine according to claim 12, wherein
the banknote processing unit is connected to the communication unit via the first cable, and the first cable has a length that allows at least one of the banknote processing unit and the communication unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the banknote processing unit with the communication unit. 14. The money processing machine according to claim 12, wherein
the coin processing unit is connected to the power supply unit via a second cable, and the second cable has a length that allows at least one of the coin processing unit and the power supply unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the coin processing unit with the power supply unit. 15. The money processing machine according to claim 14, wherein
the coin processing unit is connected to the communication unit via the second cable, and the second cable has a length that allows at least one of the coin processing unit and the communication unit to be moved toward the front surface of the money processing machine, while connecting the coin processing unit with the communication unit. 16. The money processing machine according to claim 14, wherein each of the first cable and the second cable is covered with a protection member. | 1,600 |
349,569 | 350,443 | 16,854,102 | 1,645 | An example system includes a processor to receive concepts extracted from a result set corresponding to a query and result associations for each extracted concept. The processor is to build a graph based on the extracted concepts, wherein the graph comprises a number of nodes representing the extracted concepts and weighted edges representing similarity between concepts extracted from shared results. The processor is to partition the graph into subgraphs with vertices corresponding to candidate facets for vertices having higher sums of weighted edges. The processor is to rank the candidate facets. The processor is to select higher ranked candidate facets to use as facets. The processor is to output facets with a result set in response to the query. | 1. A system, comprising a processor to:
receive concepts extracted from a result set corresponding to a query and result associations for each extracted concept; build a graph based on the extracted concepts, wherein the graph comprises a plurality of nodes representing the extracted concepts and weighted edges representing similarity between concepts extracted from shared results; partition the graph into subgraphs with vertices corresponding to candidate facets for vertices having higher sums of weighted edges; rank the candidate facets; select higher ranked candidate facets to use as facets; and output facets with a result set in response to the query. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the concepts are extracted from the result set corresponding to the query using a knowledge base. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the processor is to map high level categories for a domain to categories of the knowledge base. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the processor is to apply a mention detection tool to all documents in the result set to extract the concepts. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the processor is to traverse the category tree of the knowledge base and extract concepts whose categories are under the hierarchy of a domain. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to filter the extracted concepts based on the number of pages that contain mentions of the concept. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of nodes is weighted based on a number of inlinks of the concept each node represents. 8. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, via a processor, a query, a result set corresponding to the query, and a knowledge base; extracting, via the processor, concepts from the results sets using the knowledge base; building, via the processor, a graph based on the extracted concepts, wherein the graph comprises a plurality of nodes representing concepts and weighted edges representing similarity between concepts extracted from shared results; partitioning, via the processor, the graph into subgraphs with vertices corresponding to candidate facets for vertices having higher sums of weighted edges; ranking, via the processor, the candidate facets; selecting, via the processor, higher ranked candidate facets to use as facets; and outputting, via the processor, the facets with the result set in response to the query. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein building the graph comprises calculating a weight for each of the plurality of nodes based on a number of inlinks of the concept each node represents. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein building the graph comprises calculating a weight for each of the edges using a normalized pairwise mutual information (PMI) or a normalized Google distance (NGD). 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein ranking the candidate facets comprises calculating a utility for each of the candidate facets and ranking the candidate facets by the calculated utility. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein ranking the candidate facets comprises approximating the ranking of the candidate facets using a graph neural network. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, comprising filtering the extracted concepts by long paths from top level categories. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, comprising filtering the extracted concepts by pre-retrieval query performance prediction (QPP) features. 15. A computer program product for facet generation, the computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program code embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program code executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
receive a query, a result set corresponding to the query, and a knowledge base; extract concepts from the results sets using the knowledge base; build a graph based on the extracted concepts, wherein the graph comprises a plurality of nodes representing concepts and weighted edges representing similarity between concepts extracted from shared results; partition the graph into subgraphs with vertices corresponding to candidate facets for vertices having higher sums of weighted edges; rank the candidate facets; select higher ranked candidate facets to use as facets; and output the facets with the result set in response to the query. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to calculate a weight for each of the plurality of nodes based on a number of links of the concept each node represents. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to calculate a weight for each of the edges using a normalized pairwise mutual information (PMI) or a normalized Google distance (NGD). 18. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to calculate a utility for each of the candidate facets and rank the candidate facets by the calculated utility. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to approximate the ranking of the candidate facets using a graph neural network. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to calculate the similarity between concepts using a cosine similarity between pretrained embeddings of the knowledge base. | An example system includes a processor to receive concepts extracted from a result set corresponding to a query and result associations for each extracted concept. The processor is to build a graph based on the extracted concepts, wherein the graph comprises a number of nodes representing the extracted concepts and weighted edges representing similarity between concepts extracted from shared results. The processor is to partition the graph into subgraphs with vertices corresponding to candidate facets for vertices having higher sums of weighted edges. The processor is to rank the candidate facets. The processor is to select higher ranked candidate facets to use as facets. The processor is to output facets with a result set in response to the query.1. A system, comprising a processor to:
receive concepts extracted from a result set corresponding to a query and result associations for each extracted concept; build a graph based on the extracted concepts, wherein the graph comprises a plurality of nodes representing the extracted concepts and weighted edges representing similarity between concepts extracted from shared results; partition the graph into subgraphs with vertices corresponding to candidate facets for vertices having higher sums of weighted edges; rank the candidate facets; select higher ranked candidate facets to use as facets; and output facets with a result set in response to the query. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the concepts are extracted from the result set corresponding to the query using a knowledge base. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the processor is to map high level categories for a domain to categories of the knowledge base. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the processor is to apply a mention detection tool to all documents in the result set to extract the concepts. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the processor is to traverse the category tree of the knowledge base and extract concepts whose categories are under the hierarchy of a domain. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is to filter the extracted concepts based on the number of pages that contain mentions of the concept. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of nodes is weighted based on a number of inlinks of the concept each node represents. 8. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, via a processor, a query, a result set corresponding to the query, and a knowledge base; extracting, via the processor, concepts from the results sets using the knowledge base; building, via the processor, a graph based on the extracted concepts, wherein the graph comprises a plurality of nodes representing concepts and weighted edges representing similarity between concepts extracted from shared results; partitioning, via the processor, the graph into subgraphs with vertices corresponding to candidate facets for vertices having higher sums of weighted edges; ranking, via the processor, the candidate facets; selecting, via the processor, higher ranked candidate facets to use as facets; and outputting, via the processor, the facets with the result set in response to the query. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein building the graph comprises calculating a weight for each of the plurality of nodes based on a number of inlinks of the concept each node represents. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein building the graph comprises calculating a weight for each of the edges using a normalized pairwise mutual information (PMI) or a normalized Google distance (NGD). 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein ranking the candidate facets comprises calculating a utility for each of the candidate facets and ranking the candidate facets by the calculated utility. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein ranking the candidate facets comprises approximating the ranking of the candidate facets using a graph neural network. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, comprising filtering the extracted concepts by long paths from top level categories. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, comprising filtering the extracted concepts by pre-retrieval query performance prediction (QPP) features. 15. A computer program product for facet generation, the computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program code embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program code executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
receive a query, a result set corresponding to the query, and a knowledge base; extract concepts from the results sets using the knowledge base; build a graph based on the extracted concepts, wherein the graph comprises a plurality of nodes representing concepts and weighted edges representing similarity between concepts extracted from shared results; partition the graph into subgraphs with vertices corresponding to candidate facets for vertices having higher sums of weighted edges; rank the candidate facets; select higher ranked candidate facets to use as facets; and output the facets with the result set in response to the query. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to calculate a weight for each of the plurality of nodes based on a number of links of the concept each node represents. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to calculate a weight for each of the edges using a normalized pairwise mutual information (PMI) or a normalized Google distance (NGD). 18. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to calculate a utility for each of the candidate facets and rank the candidate facets by the calculated utility. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to approximate the ranking of the candidate facets using a graph neural network. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising program code executable by the processor to calculate the similarity between concepts using a cosine similarity between pretrained embeddings of the knowledge base. | 1,600 |
349,570 | 350,444 | 16,854,109 | 1,645 | This application provides a data writing method and a storage device. The method is applied to a solid-state storage device SSD, and the method includes: receiving a write command, where the write command carries a type of to-be-written data; determining, based on the type of to-be-written data, a type of storage area that is in an SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, where the SSD includes a plurality of types of storage areas; determining, based on the type of storage area, a target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written; and writing the to-be-written data into the target storage area. In embodiments of this application, data processing efficiency can be improved. | 1. A data writing method, applied to a solid-state storage device (SSD), wherein the method comprises:
receiving a write command, wherein the write command carries a type of to-be-written data; determining, based on the type of to-be-written data, a type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of types of storage areas; determining, based on the type of storage area, a target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written; and writing the to-be-written data into the target storage area. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the SSD stores a correspondence between a data type and a storage area type, and the determining, based on the type of to-be-written data, the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written comprises:
determining, based on the type of to-be-written data and the correspondence, a type of target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of storage blocks, the SSD is divided into different types of storage areas based on types of the storage blocks, and the correspondence is a correspondence between the data type and a storage block type. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the SSD comprises at least two of an SLC (single level cell) area, an MLC (multi-level cell) area, a TLC (triple level cell) area, and a QLC (quad level cell) area, performance of the SLC area, the MLC area, the TLC area, and the QLC area sequentially decreases, and before the determining, based on the type of storage area, the target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written, the method further comprises:
if there is no idle storage page in all storage blocks in a storage area corresponding to the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, converting a type of at least one block that comprises an idle storage page and that is in a storage area having lower performance than a storage area corresponding to the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written to a type that is the same as a type of the storage area corresponding to the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of storage blocks, each storage block comprises at least one type of storage page, and the correspondence is a correspondence between the data type and a storage page type. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein different types of each storage pages are corresponding to one storage list, and each storage list records one type of storage page; and
the determining, based on the type of storage area, the target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written comprises: finding, based on the storage page type, an available storage page in a storage list corresponding to the storage page type, and using the available storage page as the target storage area; and if there is an available storage page in the storage list, using the available storage page as the target storage area; or if there is no available storage page in the storage list, obtaining an idle storage block in the SSD, and using a first storage page in the idle storage block as the target storage area. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the storage block comprises at least two of an LSB (least significant bit) page, a CSB (central significant bit) page, and an MSB (most significant bit) page, performance of the LSB page, the CSB page, and the MSB page sequentially decreases, and the determining, based on the type of storage area, the target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written comprises:
if a storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written is the MSB page or the CSB page, and there is no available storage page in the storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, determining, as the target storage area, at least one available storage page having higher performance than the storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written. 8. A solid-state device SSD, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor coupled to the memory to execute the instructions to: receive a write command, wherein the write command carries a type of to-be-written data; and determine, based on the type of to-be-written data, a type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of types of storage areas, determine, based on the type of storage area, a target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written; and write the to-be-written data into the target storage area. 9. The SSD according to claim 8, wherein the SSD stores a correspondence between a data type and a storage area type, and when performing the operation of determining the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, the processor is configured to:
determine, based on the type of to-be-written data and the correspondence, a type of target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written. 10. The SSD according to claim 9, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of storage blocks, the SSD is divided into different types of storage areas based on types of the storage blocks, and the correspondence is a correspondence between the data type and a storage block type. 11. The SSD according to claim 10, wherein the SSD comprises at least two of an SLC (single level cell) area, an MLC (multi-level cell) area, a TLC (triple level cell) area, and a QLC (quad level cell) area, performance of the SLC area, the MLC area, the TLC area, and the QLC area sequentially decreases, and
if there is no idle storage page in all storage blocks in a storage area corresponding to the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, the processor is further configured to convert a type of at least one block that comprises an idle storage page and that is in a storage area having lower performance than the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written to a type that is the same as a type of storage area of the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written. 12. The SSD according to claim 9, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of storage blocks, each storage block comprises at least one type of storage page, the SSD is divided into different types of storage areas based on storage page types, and the correspondence is a correspondence between the data type and the storage page type. 13. The SSD according to claim 12, wherein different types of each storage pages are corresponding to one storage list, and each storage list records one type of storage page; and
when performing the operation of determining the target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written, the processor is configured to: find, based on the storage page type, an available storage page in a storage list corresponding to the storage page type, and use the available storage page as the target storage area; and if there is an available storage page in the storage list, use the available storage page as the target storage area; or if there is no available storage page in the storage list, obtain an idle storage block in the SSD, and use a first storage page in the idle storage block as the target storage area. 14. The SSD according to claim 12, wherein the storage block comprises at least two of an LSB (least significant bit) page, a CSB (central significant bit) page, and the MSB (most significant bit) page, performance of the LSB page, the CSB page, and the MSB page sequentially decreases, and when performing the operation of determining a target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written, the processor is configured to:
if a storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written is the MSB page or the CSB page, and there is no available storage page in the storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, determine, as the target storage area, at least one available storage page having higher performance than the storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written. | This application provides a data writing method and a storage device. The method is applied to a solid-state storage device SSD, and the method includes: receiving a write command, where the write command carries a type of to-be-written data; determining, based on the type of to-be-written data, a type of storage area that is in an SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, where the SSD includes a plurality of types of storage areas; determining, based on the type of storage area, a target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written; and writing the to-be-written data into the target storage area. In embodiments of this application, data processing efficiency can be improved.1. A data writing method, applied to a solid-state storage device (SSD), wherein the method comprises:
receiving a write command, wherein the write command carries a type of to-be-written data; determining, based on the type of to-be-written data, a type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of types of storage areas; determining, based on the type of storage area, a target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written; and writing the to-be-written data into the target storage area. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the SSD stores a correspondence between a data type and a storage area type, and the determining, based on the type of to-be-written data, the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written comprises:
determining, based on the type of to-be-written data and the correspondence, a type of target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of storage blocks, the SSD is divided into different types of storage areas based on types of the storage blocks, and the correspondence is a correspondence between the data type and a storage block type. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the SSD comprises at least two of an SLC (single level cell) area, an MLC (multi-level cell) area, a TLC (triple level cell) area, and a QLC (quad level cell) area, performance of the SLC area, the MLC area, the TLC area, and the QLC area sequentially decreases, and before the determining, based on the type of storage area, the target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written, the method further comprises:
if there is no idle storage page in all storage blocks in a storage area corresponding to the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, converting a type of at least one block that comprises an idle storage page and that is in a storage area having lower performance than a storage area corresponding to the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written to a type that is the same as a type of the storage area corresponding to the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of storage blocks, each storage block comprises at least one type of storage page, and the correspondence is a correspondence between the data type and a storage page type. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein different types of each storage pages are corresponding to one storage list, and each storage list records one type of storage page; and
the determining, based on the type of storage area, the target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written comprises: finding, based on the storage page type, an available storage page in a storage list corresponding to the storage page type, and using the available storage page as the target storage area; and if there is an available storage page in the storage list, using the available storage page as the target storage area; or if there is no available storage page in the storage list, obtaining an idle storage block in the SSD, and using a first storage page in the idle storage block as the target storage area. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the storage block comprises at least two of an LSB (least significant bit) page, a CSB (central significant bit) page, and an MSB (most significant bit) page, performance of the LSB page, the CSB page, and the MSB page sequentially decreases, and the determining, based on the type of storage area, the target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written comprises:
if a storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written is the MSB page or the CSB page, and there is no available storage page in the storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, determining, as the target storage area, at least one available storage page having higher performance than the storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written. 8. A solid-state device SSD, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor coupled to the memory to execute the instructions to: receive a write command, wherein the write command carries a type of to-be-written data; and determine, based on the type of to-be-written data, a type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of types of storage areas, determine, based on the type of storage area, a target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written; and write the to-be-written data into the target storage area. 9. The SSD according to claim 8, wherein the SSD stores a correspondence between a data type and a storage area type, and when performing the operation of determining the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, the processor is configured to:
determine, based on the type of to-be-written data and the correspondence, a type of target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written. 10. The SSD according to claim 9, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of storage blocks, the SSD is divided into different types of storage areas based on types of the storage blocks, and the correspondence is a correspondence between the data type and a storage block type. 11. The SSD according to claim 10, wherein the SSD comprises at least two of an SLC (single level cell) area, an MLC (multi-level cell) area, a TLC (triple level cell) area, and a QLC (quad level cell) area, performance of the SLC area, the MLC area, the TLC area, and the QLC area sequentially decreases, and
if there is no idle storage page in all storage blocks in a storage area corresponding to the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, the processor is further configured to convert a type of at least one block that comprises an idle storage page and that is in a storage area having lower performance than the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written to a type that is the same as a type of storage area of the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written. 12. The SSD according to claim 9, wherein the SSD comprises a plurality of storage blocks, each storage block comprises at least one type of storage page, the SSD is divided into different types of storage areas based on storage page types, and the correspondence is a correspondence between the data type and the storage page type. 13. The SSD according to claim 12, wherein different types of each storage pages are corresponding to one storage list, and each storage list records one type of storage page; and
when performing the operation of determining the target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written, the processor is configured to: find, based on the storage page type, an available storage page in a storage list corresponding to the storage page type, and use the available storage page as the target storage area; and if there is an available storage page in the storage list, use the available storage page as the target storage area; or if there is no available storage page in the storage list, obtain an idle storage block in the SSD, and use a first storage page in the idle storage block as the target storage area. 14. The SSD according to claim 12, wherein the storage block comprises at least two of an LSB (least significant bit) page, a CSB (central significant bit) page, and the MSB (most significant bit) page, performance of the LSB page, the CSB page, and the MSB page sequentially decreases, and when performing the operation of determining a target storage area into which the to-be-written data is written, the processor is configured to:
if a storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written is the MSB page or the CSB page, and there is no available storage page in the storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written, determine, as the target storage area, at least one available storage page having higher performance than the storage area corresponding the type of storage area that is in the SSD and into which the to-be-written data is written. | 1,600 |
349,571 | 350,445 | 16,854,135 | 2,452 | The described technology is directed towards maintaining and using a version-based hierarchy of software resources (e.g., file system files) to return version-specific responses to clients. A client sends its version information with each data request, and gets back a response based upon that version. Version changes are made by maintaining the current version of each software code resource and overriding the current version with a previous version for clients as needed. The technology allows updates (e.g., for new devices and new software resource versions) to be supported by inserting resources into the resource hierarchy and moving resources therein based upon versioning. A system based on deltas is also contemplated, in which only parts of a file may be changed relative to a different version, instead of overriding the entire file. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that sources executable instructions which, when executed by the processor of the system, facilitate performance of operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a request for a data item, the request comprising a data item identifier and associated software version information;
selecting a selected software entity set, based on a software version identifier corresponding to the software version information, from a hierarchy of software entities;
obtaining data item content for the data item based on the data item identifier;
formatting the data item content, based on the selected software entity set, into a graph node data structure; and
returning the graph node data structure in response to the request. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise caching the graph node data structure at a front-end data service cache. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise receiving a client request for the data item, and returning the graph node data structure from the front-end data service cache in response to the client request. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the front-end data service cache is a REDIS cache accessible to servers of the front end data service. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the software entities comprise at least one of: data structures, code sections, heuristic rules, data templates or data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the hierarchy of software entities comprises a hierarchy of data files. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the selecting the selected software entity set comprises building a path order corresponding to the hierarchy, and searching via the path order until a software entity is found. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the data item identifier comprises a Uniform Resource Name (URN), and wherein the operations further comprise, determining data type information based on the URN, and selecting at least one software entity based on the data type information. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the data item identifier comprises a Uniform Resource Name (URN), and wherein the operations further comprise matching at least part of the data item identifier to a regular expression. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the selecting the selected software entity set from the hierarchy of software entities comprises accessing the hierarchy of software entities based on the version identifier and device type or device class information. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the software version information corresponds to a token that is associated with the request, and wherein the operations further comprise, determining the version identifier from the token. 12. A method, comprising:
receiving a request for a requested data item, in which the request is associated with a version identifier; accessing a hierarchy of resource files, in which the resource files are arranged in version-based sub-hierarchies to obtain a selected resource set comprising one or more resources files that correspond to the version identifier; and obtaining data item content for the requested data item; and formatting the data item content into formatted data item content based on the selected resource set. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a graph data structure based on the formatted data item content, and caching the graph node data structure at a front-end data service cache. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving a client request for the data item, wherein the client request is associated with client-specific information, accessing the graph node data structure in the cache based at least in part on the client-specific information, and returning the graph node data structure from the front-end data service cache in response to the client request. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the resource set comprises a version-based template file, and wherein the formatting the data item content into the formatted data item content comprises uses the template file to format the data item content to match a software version. 16. One or more machine-readable storage media having machine-executable instructions, which when executed perform operations, the operations comprising:
maintaining a hierarchy of resource data structures, in which the resource data structures are arranged in version-based sub-hierarchies; selecting a resource set from the hierarchy of resource data structures based on version information associated with a data item; formatting content of the data item into a graph data structure based on the version information; and caching the graph data structure in a data cache. 17. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise, receiving a client request for the data item, wherein the client request is associated with client-specific information corresponding to the version information, locating the graph node data structure in the cache based at least in part on the client-specific information, and returning the graph node data structure from the data cache in response to the client request. 18. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein the hierarchy of resource data structures comprises folders, subfolders and files, and wherein the selecting the resource set comprises selecting a desired file by searching in a search order from a more-specific version subfolder towards a less-specific version subfolder until the desired file is found. 19. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein the formatting the content of the data item into the graph data structure based on the version information comprises filtering the content. 20. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein the data item is identified by a Uniform Resource Name (URN), and wherein the operations further comprise determining data type information based on the URN, and selecting the resource set based at least in part on the data type information. | The described technology is directed towards maintaining and using a version-based hierarchy of software resources (e.g., file system files) to return version-specific responses to clients. A client sends its version information with each data request, and gets back a response based upon that version. Version changes are made by maintaining the current version of each software code resource and overriding the current version with a previous version for clients as needed. The technology allows updates (e.g., for new devices and new software resource versions) to be supported by inserting resources into the resource hierarchy and moving resources therein based upon versioning. A system based on deltas is also contemplated, in which only parts of a file may be changed relative to a different version, instead of overriding the entire file.1. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that sources executable instructions which, when executed by the processor of the system, facilitate performance of operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a request for a data item, the request comprising a data item identifier and associated software version information;
selecting a selected software entity set, based on a software version identifier corresponding to the software version information, from a hierarchy of software entities;
obtaining data item content for the data item based on the data item identifier;
formatting the data item content, based on the selected software entity set, into a graph node data structure; and
returning the graph node data structure in response to the request. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise caching the graph node data structure at a front-end data service cache. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise receiving a client request for the data item, and returning the graph node data structure from the front-end data service cache in response to the client request. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the front-end data service cache is a REDIS cache accessible to servers of the front end data service. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the software entities comprise at least one of: data structures, code sections, heuristic rules, data templates or data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the hierarchy of software entities comprises a hierarchy of data files. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the selecting the selected software entity set comprises building a path order corresponding to the hierarchy, and searching via the path order until a software entity is found. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the data item identifier comprises a Uniform Resource Name (URN), and wherein the operations further comprise, determining data type information based on the URN, and selecting at least one software entity based on the data type information. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the data item identifier comprises a Uniform Resource Name (URN), and wherein the operations further comprise matching at least part of the data item identifier to a regular expression. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the selecting the selected software entity set from the hierarchy of software entities comprises accessing the hierarchy of software entities based on the version identifier and device type or device class information. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the software version information corresponds to a token that is associated with the request, and wherein the operations further comprise, determining the version identifier from the token. 12. A method, comprising:
receiving a request for a requested data item, in which the request is associated with a version identifier; accessing a hierarchy of resource files, in which the resource files are arranged in version-based sub-hierarchies to obtain a selected resource set comprising one or more resources files that correspond to the version identifier; and obtaining data item content for the requested data item; and formatting the data item content into formatted data item content based on the selected resource set. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a graph data structure based on the formatted data item content, and caching the graph node data structure at a front-end data service cache. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving a client request for the data item, wherein the client request is associated with client-specific information, accessing the graph node data structure in the cache based at least in part on the client-specific information, and returning the graph node data structure from the front-end data service cache in response to the client request. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the resource set comprises a version-based template file, and wherein the formatting the data item content into the formatted data item content comprises uses the template file to format the data item content to match a software version. 16. One or more machine-readable storage media having machine-executable instructions, which when executed perform operations, the operations comprising:
maintaining a hierarchy of resource data structures, in which the resource data structures are arranged in version-based sub-hierarchies; selecting a resource set from the hierarchy of resource data structures based on version information associated with a data item; formatting content of the data item into a graph data structure based on the version information; and caching the graph data structure in a data cache. 17. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise, receiving a client request for the data item, wherein the client request is associated with client-specific information corresponding to the version information, locating the graph node data structure in the cache based at least in part on the client-specific information, and returning the graph node data structure from the data cache in response to the client request. 18. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein the hierarchy of resource data structures comprises folders, subfolders and files, and wherein the selecting the resource set comprises selecting a desired file by searching in a search order from a more-specific version subfolder towards a less-specific version subfolder until the desired file is found. 19. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein the formatting the content of the data item into the graph data structure based on the version information comprises filtering the content. 20. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein the data item is identified by a Uniform Resource Name (URN), and wherein the operations further comprise determining data type information based on the URN, and selecting the resource set based at least in part on the data type information. | 2,400 |
349,572 | 350,446 | 16,854,168 | 2,452 | A method and system for selecting precoding matrix index are herein disclosed. The method includes determining a precoder and candidate beams, selecting base beams based on a correlation power between the determined precoder and determined candidate beams, and estimating amplitude coefficients and cophase coefficients by projecting a channel on the selected base beams. | 1. A method for selecting precoding matrix index (PMI), comprising:
determining a precoder and candidate beams; selecting base beams based on a correlation power between the determined precoder and determined candidate beams; and estimating amplitude coefficients and cophase coefficients by projecting a channel on the selected base beams. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the precoder is determined by a reduced dimension singular value decomposition (SVD). 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the reduced dimension SVD reduces the precoder determination from a 4×4 SVD calculation to a 2×2 SVD calculation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting base beams further comprises selecting integer indices. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein selecting integer indices is based on linear complexity in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting base beams further comprises selecting fractional indices. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the estimating the amplitude and cophase coefficients is based on a wide band amplitude scaling factor {circumflex over (p)}r,l,i WB and a per subband amplitude scaling adjustment factor {circumflex over (p)}r,l,i,k SB. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the projecting the channel on the selected base beams comprises identifying optimal linear combination coefficients (LCCs). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the projecting the channel on the selected base beams comprises projecting the channel on a j-th PMI subband to a space of a beam selection matrix. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the projecting the channel on a j-th PMI subband to a space of a beam selection matrix comprises determining optimum precoding vectors. 11. A system for selecting precoding matrix index (PMI), comprising:
a transmitter; a receiver; and a processor configured to:
determine a precoder and candidate beams;
select base beams based on a correlation power between the determined precoder and determined candidate beams; and
estimate amplitude coefficients and cophase coefficients by projecting a channel on the selected base beams. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to determine the precoder by a reduced dimension singular value decomposition (SVD). 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the reduced dimension SVD reduces the precoder determination from a 4×4 SVD calculation to a 2×2 SVD calculation. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to select base beams by selecting integer indices. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to select integer indices based on linear complexity in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to select base beams by selecting fractional indices. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to estimate the amplitude and cophase coefficients based on a wide band amplitude scaling factor {circumflex over (p)}r,l,i WB and a per subband amplitude scaling adjustment factor {circumflex over (p)}r,l,i,k SB. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the projecting the channel on the selected base beams comprises identifying optimal linear combination coefficients (LCCs). 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the projecting the channel on the selected base beams comprises projecting the channel on a j-th PMI subband to a space of a beam selection matrix. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the projecting the channel on a j-th PMI subband to a space of a beam selection matrix comprises determining optimum precoding vector. | A method and system for selecting precoding matrix index are herein disclosed. The method includes determining a precoder and candidate beams, selecting base beams based on a correlation power between the determined precoder and determined candidate beams, and estimating amplitude coefficients and cophase coefficients by projecting a channel on the selected base beams.1. A method for selecting precoding matrix index (PMI), comprising:
determining a precoder and candidate beams; selecting base beams based on a correlation power between the determined precoder and determined candidate beams; and estimating amplitude coefficients and cophase coefficients by projecting a channel on the selected base beams. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the precoder is determined by a reduced dimension singular value decomposition (SVD). 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the reduced dimension SVD reduces the precoder determination from a 4×4 SVD calculation to a 2×2 SVD calculation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting base beams further comprises selecting integer indices. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein selecting integer indices is based on linear complexity in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting base beams further comprises selecting fractional indices. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the estimating the amplitude and cophase coefficients is based on a wide band amplitude scaling factor {circumflex over (p)}r,l,i WB and a per subband amplitude scaling adjustment factor {circumflex over (p)}r,l,i,k SB. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the projecting the channel on the selected base beams comprises identifying optimal linear combination coefficients (LCCs). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the projecting the channel on the selected base beams comprises projecting the channel on a j-th PMI subband to a space of a beam selection matrix. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the projecting the channel on a j-th PMI subband to a space of a beam selection matrix comprises determining optimum precoding vectors. 11. A system for selecting precoding matrix index (PMI), comprising:
a transmitter; a receiver; and a processor configured to:
determine a precoder and candidate beams;
select base beams based on a correlation power between the determined precoder and determined candidate beams; and
estimate amplitude coefficients and cophase coefficients by projecting a channel on the selected base beams. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to determine the precoder by a reduced dimension singular value decomposition (SVD). 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the reduced dimension SVD reduces the precoder determination from a 4×4 SVD calculation to a 2×2 SVD calculation. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to select base beams by selecting integer indices. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to select integer indices based on linear complexity in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to select base beams by selecting fractional indices. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to estimate the amplitude and cophase coefficients based on a wide band amplitude scaling factor {circumflex over (p)}r,l,i WB and a per subband amplitude scaling adjustment factor {circumflex over (p)}r,l,i,k SB. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the projecting the channel on the selected base beams comprises identifying optimal linear combination coefficients (LCCs). 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the projecting the channel on the selected base beams comprises projecting the channel on a j-th PMI subband to a space of a beam selection matrix. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the projecting the channel on a j-th PMI subband to a space of a beam selection matrix comprises determining optimum precoding vector. | 2,400 |
349,573 | 350,447 | 16,854,163 | 2,452 | Provided is a display method for displaying an image based on a color original image. The display method includes guiding an image light corresponding to the color original image to a display position by an optical system, and deflecting a traveling direction of the image light to an observer and performing display by a diffraction optical element. At the time of displaying the color original image, the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle is limited to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. | 1. A display device comprising:
a correction unit configured to correct a chromaticity range of a color original image; an image formation unit configured to form an image with the chromaticity range corrected and emit the image as an image light; an optical system configured to guide the image light to a display position; and a first diffraction optical element configured to deflect a traveling direction of the image light toward an observer in the optical system, wherein the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, the correction unit limits a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, when
a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position corresponding to the first angle is referred to as a chromaticity range at a small angle of view, a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position corresponding to the second angle is referred to as a chromaticity range at a large angle of view, and a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position between the position corresponding to the first angle and the position corresponding to the second angle is referred to as a center chromaticity range, the chromaticity range at a small angle of view is larger than the center chromaticity range, and the center chromaticity range is larger than the chromaticity range at a large angle of view. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein
the correction unit limits a chromaticity range of an image at a position corresponding to the chromaticity range at a large angle of view to be larger than a chromaticity range of an image at a position corresponding to the center chromaticity range. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the color original image is a full color image being reproduceable with three primary colors, and when the chromaticity range is indicated with an XY chromaticity coordinate in an XYZ color system, the correction unit limits the chromaticity range of the original image to cause a first triangle to be close to a second triangle, the first triangle indicating a chromaticity range of image light entering at the first angle with the XY chromaticity coordinate, the second triangle indicating a chromaticity range of image light entering at the second angle with the XY chromaticity coordinate. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the first triangle overlaps the second triangle by 80% or more in area. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the optical system includes a light-guiding body configured to guide the image light, and among an incident side on which image light enters the light-guiding body and an emission side on which the image light is emitted from the light-guiding body, the emission side is where the first diffraction optical element is provided. 7. The display device according to claim 6, further comprising, in the optical system, a second diffraction optical element configured to deflect a traveling direction of the image light, wherein
among an incident side on which image light enters the light-guiding body and an emission side on which the image light is emitted from the light-guiding body, the incident side is where the second diffraction optical element is provided. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein
the second diffraction optical element is a reflective volumetric hologram formed of a planar interference pattern. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first diffraction optical element is a reflective volumetric hologram formed of a planar interference pattern. 10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the image light emitted from the image formation unit includes first image light, second image light, and third image light that have different wavelengths, and the first diffraction optical element is obtained by laminating or superposing a first interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the first image light, a second interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the second image light, and a third interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the third image light. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein
the first image light has a peak wavelength of red (R), the second image light has a peak wavelength of green (G), and the third image light has a peak wavelength of blue (B). 12. A display method for displaying an image based on a color original image, the display method comprising;
guiding, by an optical system, an image light corresponding to the color original image to a display position; and deflecting, by a diffraction optical element, a traveling direction of the image light to an observer to display the color original image, wherein the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, upon display of the color original image, a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle is limited to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. | Provided is a display method for displaying an image based on a color original image. The display method includes guiding an image light corresponding to the color original image to a display position by an optical system, and deflecting a traveling direction of the image light to an observer and performing display by a diffraction optical element. At the time of displaying the color original image, the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle is limited to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle.1. A display device comprising:
a correction unit configured to correct a chromaticity range of a color original image; an image formation unit configured to form an image with the chromaticity range corrected and emit the image as an image light; an optical system configured to guide the image light to a display position; and a first diffraction optical element configured to deflect a traveling direction of the image light toward an observer in the optical system, wherein the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, the correction unit limits a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, when
a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position corresponding to the first angle is referred to as a chromaticity range at a small angle of view, a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position corresponding to the second angle is referred to as a chromaticity range at a large angle of view, and a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position between the position corresponding to the first angle and the position corresponding to the second angle is referred to as a center chromaticity range, the chromaticity range at a small angle of view is larger than the center chromaticity range, and the center chromaticity range is larger than the chromaticity range at a large angle of view. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein
the correction unit limits a chromaticity range of an image at a position corresponding to the chromaticity range at a large angle of view to be larger than a chromaticity range of an image at a position corresponding to the center chromaticity range. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the color original image is a full color image being reproduceable with three primary colors, and when the chromaticity range is indicated with an XY chromaticity coordinate in an XYZ color system, the correction unit limits the chromaticity range of the original image to cause a first triangle to be close to a second triangle, the first triangle indicating a chromaticity range of image light entering at the first angle with the XY chromaticity coordinate, the second triangle indicating a chromaticity range of image light entering at the second angle with the XY chromaticity coordinate. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the first triangle overlaps the second triangle by 80% or more in area. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the optical system includes a light-guiding body configured to guide the image light, and among an incident side on which image light enters the light-guiding body and an emission side on which the image light is emitted from the light-guiding body, the emission side is where the first diffraction optical element is provided. 7. The display device according to claim 6, further comprising, in the optical system, a second diffraction optical element configured to deflect a traveling direction of the image light, wherein
among an incident side on which image light enters the light-guiding body and an emission side on which the image light is emitted from the light-guiding body, the incident side is where the second diffraction optical element is provided. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein
the second diffraction optical element is a reflective volumetric hologram formed of a planar interference pattern. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first diffraction optical element is a reflective volumetric hologram formed of a planar interference pattern. 10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the image light emitted from the image formation unit includes first image light, second image light, and third image light that have different wavelengths, and the first diffraction optical element is obtained by laminating or superposing a first interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the first image light, a second interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the second image light, and a third interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the third image light. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein
the first image light has a peak wavelength of red (R), the second image light has a peak wavelength of green (G), and the third image light has a peak wavelength of blue (B). 12. A display method for displaying an image based on a color original image, the display method comprising;
guiding, by an optical system, an image light corresponding to the color original image to a display position; and deflecting, by a diffraction optical element, a traveling direction of the image light to an observer to display the color original image, wherein the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, upon display of the color original image, a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle is limited to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. | 2,400 |
349,574 | 350,448 | 16,854,081 | 2,452 | Provided is a display method for displaying an image based on a color original image. The display method includes guiding an image light corresponding to the color original image to a display position by an optical system, and deflecting a traveling direction of the image light to an observer and performing display by a diffraction optical element. At the time of displaying the color original image, the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle is limited to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. | 1. A display device comprising:
a correction unit configured to correct a chromaticity range of a color original image; an image formation unit configured to form an image with the chromaticity range corrected and emit the image as an image light; an optical system configured to guide the image light to a display position; and a first diffraction optical element configured to deflect a traveling direction of the image light toward an observer in the optical system, wherein the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, the correction unit limits a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, when
a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position corresponding to the first angle is referred to as a chromaticity range at a small angle of view, a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position corresponding to the second angle is referred to as a chromaticity range at a large angle of view, and a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position between the position corresponding to the first angle and the position corresponding to the second angle is referred to as a center chromaticity range, the chromaticity range at a small angle of view is larger than the center chromaticity range, and the center chromaticity range is larger than the chromaticity range at a large angle of view. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein
the correction unit limits a chromaticity range of an image at a position corresponding to the chromaticity range at a large angle of view to be larger than a chromaticity range of an image at a position corresponding to the center chromaticity range. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the color original image is a full color image being reproduceable with three primary colors, and when the chromaticity range is indicated with an XY chromaticity coordinate in an XYZ color system, the correction unit limits the chromaticity range of the original image to cause a first triangle to be close to a second triangle, the first triangle indicating a chromaticity range of image light entering at the first angle with the XY chromaticity coordinate, the second triangle indicating a chromaticity range of image light entering at the second angle with the XY chromaticity coordinate. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the first triangle overlaps the second triangle by 80% or more in area. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the optical system includes a light-guiding body configured to guide the image light, and among an incident side on which image light enters the light-guiding body and an emission side on which the image light is emitted from the light-guiding body, the emission side is where the first diffraction optical element is provided. 7. The display device according to claim 6, further comprising, in the optical system, a second diffraction optical element configured to deflect a traveling direction of the image light, wherein
among an incident side on which image light enters the light-guiding body and an emission side on which the image light is emitted from the light-guiding body, the incident side is where the second diffraction optical element is provided. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein
the second diffraction optical element is a reflective volumetric hologram formed of a planar interference pattern. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first diffraction optical element is a reflective volumetric hologram formed of a planar interference pattern. 10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the image light emitted from the image formation unit includes first image light, second image light, and third image light that have different wavelengths, and the first diffraction optical element is obtained by laminating or superposing a first interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the first image light, a second interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the second image light, and a third interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the third image light. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein
the first image light has a peak wavelength of red (R), the second image light has a peak wavelength of green (G), and the third image light has a peak wavelength of blue (B). 12. A display method for displaying an image based on a color original image, the display method comprising;
guiding, by an optical system, an image light corresponding to the color original image to a display position; and deflecting, by a diffraction optical element, a traveling direction of the image light to an observer to display the color original image, wherein the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, upon display of the color original image, a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle is limited to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. | Provided is a display method for displaying an image based on a color original image. The display method includes guiding an image light corresponding to the color original image to a display position by an optical system, and deflecting a traveling direction of the image light to an observer and performing display by a diffraction optical element. At the time of displaying the color original image, the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle is limited to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle.1. A display device comprising:
a correction unit configured to correct a chromaticity range of a color original image; an image formation unit configured to form an image with the chromaticity range corrected and emit the image as an image light; an optical system configured to guide the image light to a display position; and a first diffraction optical element configured to deflect a traveling direction of the image light toward an observer in the optical system, wherein the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, the correction unit limits a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. 2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, when
a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position corresponding to the first angle is referred to as a chromaticity range at a small angle of view, a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position corresponding to the second angle is referred to as a chromaticity range at a large angle of view, and a possible chromaticity range of an image, of the original image, at a position between the position corresponding to the first angle and the position corresponding to the second angle is referred to as a center chromaticity range, the chromaticity range at a small angle of view is larger than the center chromaticity range, and the center chromaticity range is larger than the chromaticity range at a large angle of view. 3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein
the correction unit limits a chromaticity range of an image at a position corresponding to the chromaticity range at a large angle of view to be larger than a chromaticity range of an image at a position corresponding to the center chromaticity range. 4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the color original image is a full color image being reproduceable with three primary colors, and when the chromaticity range is indicated with an XY chromaticity coordinate in an XYZ color system, the correction unit limits the chromaticity range of the original image to cause a first triangle to be close to a second triangle, the first triangle indicating a chromaticity range of image light entering at the first angle with the XY chromaticity coordinate, the second triangle indicating a chromaticity range of image light entering at the second angle with the XY chromaticity coordinate. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein
the first triangle overlaps the second triangle by 80% or more in area. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the optical system includes a light-guiding body configured to guide the image light, and among an incident side on which image light enters the light-guiding body and an emission side on which the image light is emitted from the light-guiding body, the emission side is where the first diffraction optical element is provided. 7. The display device according to claim 6, further comprising, in the optical system, a second diffraction optical element configured to deflect a traveling direction of the image light, wherein
among an incident side on which image light enters the light-guiding body and an emission side on which the image light is emitted from the light-guiding body, the incident side is where the second diffraction optical element is provided. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein
the second diffraction optical element is a reflective volumetric hologram formed of a planar interference pattern. 9. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the first diffraction optical element is a reflective volumetric hologram formed of a planar interference pattern. 10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the image light emitted from the image formation unit includes first image light, second image light, and third image light that have different wavelengths, and the first diffraction optical element is obtained by laminating or superposing a first interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the first image light, a second interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the second image light, and a third interference pattern corresponding to a wavelength of the third image light. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein
the first image light has a peak wavelength of red (R), the second image light has a peak wavelength of green (G), and the third image light has a peak wavelength of blue (B). 12. A display method for displaying an image based on a color original image, the display method comprising;
guiding, by an optical system, an image light corresponding to the color original image to a display position; and deflecting, by a diffraction optical element, a traveling direction of the image light to an observer to display the color original image, wherein the image light entering the first diffraction optical element includes a light entering at a first angle and a light entering at a second angle that is larger than the first angle, upon display of the color original image, a chromaticity range of the image of the color original image at a position corresponding to the light entering at the first angle is limited to be close to a chromaticity range of the light entering at the second angle. | 2,400 |
349,575 | 350,449 | 16,854,131 | 2,452 | A secure one-way network gateway for transmitting data from a source network to a destination network is disclosed. An input circuit is for coupling to a source network and an output circuit is for coupling to an output network. A memory stores configuration data. Either a single field-programmable device or a pair of field-programmable devices coupled via a one-way link are inserted between the input circuit and the output circuit. The configuration data is loaded into the device(s) to program the device(s) to pass data from the input circuit to the output circuit, to optionally filter the data, and to prevent any data from passing from the output circuit to the input circuit. A processor is coupled to only the memory and a separate management interface. The processor receives updated configuration data via the management interface and replaces the configuration data in the memory with the updated configuration memory. | 1. A secure one-way network gateway for transmitting data from a source network to a destination network, comprising:
an input circuit for coupling to a source network; an output circuit for coupling to an output network; a memory for storing configuration data; a field-programmable device coupled between the input circuit and the output circuit, the field-programmable device configured to load the configuration data from the memory, the configuration data for programming the field-programmable device to pass data from the input circuit to the output circuit and to prevent any data from passing from the output circuit to the input circuit; and a processor coupled to only the memory and a separate management interface, the processor configured to receive updated configuration data via the management interface and to replace the configuration data in the memory with the updated configuration memory. 2. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the field-programmable device is a field programmable gate array. 3. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the input circuit is a physical interface circuit. 4. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the output circuit is a physical interface circuit. 5. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the configuration data for the field-programmable device programs the field-programmable device to filter the data based on filter parameters before passing the filtered data to the output circuit. 6. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 5, wherein the updated configuration data includes updated filter parameters. 7. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the configuration data for the field-programmable device programs the field-programmable device to have a first portion and a second portion, the first portion coupled to the input circuit and the second portion coupled to the output circuit, the first portion capable of passing data to the second portion but to not receive data from the second portion, the second portion capable of receiving data from the second portion but to not pass data to the first portion. 8. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the memory is within the field-programmable device. 9. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the memory is within the processor. 10. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the processor is an ARM processor. 11. A secure one-way network gateway for transmitting data from a source network to a destination network, comprising:
an input circuit for coupling to a source network; an output circuit for coupling to an output network; a memory for storing a first set of configuration data and a second set of configuration data; a one-way link having an input and an output, the one-way link passing data from the input to the output and preventing any data from passing from the output to the input; a first field-programmable device coupled to the input circuit and to the input of the one-way link, the first field-programmable device configured to load the first set of configuration data from the memory, the first set of configuration data for programming the first field-programmable device to pass data from the input circuit to the input of the one-way link; a second field-programmable device coupled to the output of the one-way link and to the output circuit, the second field-programmable device configured to load the second set of configuration data from the memory, the second set of configuration data for programming the second field-programmable device to pass data from the output of the one-way link to the output circuit; and a processor coupled to only the memory and a separate management interface, the processor configured to receive an updated first set of configuration data and/or an updated second set of configuration data via the management interface and to replace the respective first set of configuration data and/or second set of configuration data in the memory with the received updated first set of configuration data and/or updated second set of configuration data. 12. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the first field-programmable device is a field programmable gate array. 13. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the second field-programmable device is a field programmable gate array. 14. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the input circuit is a physical interface circuit. 15. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the output circuit is a physical interface circuit. 16. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the first set of configuration data for the first field-programmable device programs the first field-programmable device to filter the data based on filter parameters before passing the filtered data to the input of the one-way link. 17. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 16, wherein the first set of updated configuration data includes updated filter parameters. 18. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the memory has a first portion for storing the first set of configuration data within the first field-programmable device and a second portion for storing the second set of configuration data within the second field-programmable device. 19. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the memory is within the processor. 20. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the processor is an ARM processor. | A secure one-way network gateway for transmitting data from a source network to a destination network is disclosed. An input circuit is for coupling to a source network and an output circuit is for coupling to an output network. A memory stores configuration data. Either a single field-programmable device or a pair of field-programmable devices coupled via a one-way link are inserted between the input circuit and the output circuit. The configuration data is loaded into the device(s) to program the device(s) to pass data from the input circuit to the output circuit, to optionally filter the data, and to prevent any data from passing from the output circuit to the input circuit. A processor is coupled to only the memory and a separate management interface. The processor receives updated configuration data via the management interface and replaces the configuration data in the memory with the updated configuration memory.1. A secure one-way network gateway for transmitting data from a source network to a destination network, comprising:
an input circuit for coupling to a source network; an output circuit for coupling to an output network; a memory for storing configuration data; a field-programmable device coupled between the input circuit and the output circuit, the field-programmable device configured to load the configuration data from the memory, the configuration data for programming the field-programmable device to pass data from the input circuit to the output circuit and to prevent any data from passing from the output circuit to the input circuit; and a processor coupled to only the memory and a separate management interface, the processor configured to receive updated configuration data via the management interface and to replace the configuration data in the memory with the updated configuration memory. 2. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the field-programmable device is a field programmable gate array. 3. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the input circuit is a physical interface circuit. 4. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the output circuit is a physical interface circuit. 5. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the configuration data for the field-programmable device programs the field-programmable device to filter the data based on filter parameters before passing the filtered data to the output circuit. 6. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 5, wherein the updated configuration data includes updated filter parameters. 7. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the configuration data for the field-programmable device programs the field-programmable device to have a first portion and a second portion, the first portion coupled to the input circuit and the second portion coupled to the output circuit, the first portion capable of passing data to the second portion but to not receive data from the second portion, the second portion capable of receiving data from the second portion but to not pass data to the first portion. 8. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the memory is within the field-programmable device. 9. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the memory is within the processor. 10. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 1, wherein the processor is an ARM processor. 11. A secure one-way network gateway for transmitting data from a source network to a destination network, comprising:
an input circuit for coupling to a source network; an output circuit for coupling to an output network; a memory for storing a first set of configuration data and a second set of configuration data; a one-way link having an input and an output, the one-way link passing data from the input to the output and preventing any data from passing from the output to the input; a first field-programmable device coupled to the input circuit and to the input of the one-way link, the first field-programmable device configured to load the first set of configuration data from the memory, the first set of configuration data for programming the first field-programmable device to pass data from the input circuit to the input of the one-way link; a second field-programmable device coupled to the output of the one-way link and to the output circuit, the second field-programmable device configured to load the second set of configuration data from the memory, the second set of configuration data for programming the second field-programmable device to pass data from the output of the one-way link to the output circuit; and a processor coupled to only the memory and a separate management interface, the processor configured to receive an updated first set of configuration data and/or an updated second set of configuration data via the management interface and to replace the respective first set of configuration data and/or second set of configuration data in the memory with the received updated first set of configuration data and/or updated second set of configuration data. 12. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the first field-programmable device is a field programmable gate array. 13. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the second field-programmable device is a field programmable gate array. 14. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the input circuit is a physical interface circuit. 15. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the output circuit is a physical interface circuit. 16. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the first set of configuration data for the first field-programmable device programs the first field-programmable device to filter the data based on filter parameters before passing the filtered data to the input of the one-way link. 17. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 16, wherein the first set of updated configuration data includes updated filter parameters. 18. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the memory has a first portion for storing the first set of configuration data within the first field-programmable device and a second portion for storing the second set of configuration data within the second field-programmable device. 19. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the memory is within the processor. 20. The secure one-way network gateway of claim 11, wherein the processor is an ARM processor. | 2,400 |
349,576 | 350,450 | 16,854,141 | 2,452 | A valve box assembly includes a pipe within the valve box assembly, a valve coupled to the pipe and a radio-frequency identification tag within the valve box assembly. | 1. A valve box assembly comprising:
a pipe within the valve box assembly; a valve coupled to the pipe; and a radio-frequency identification tag within the valve box assembly. 2. The valve box assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a silt and debris catching apparatus within the valve box assembly, wherein the silt and debris catching apparatus includes a housing component and a filtration component adapted to retain material that enters the valve box assembly, and wherein the radio-frequency identification tag is within the housing component. 3. The valve box assembly of claim 2, wherein the silt and debris catching apparatus includes a handle with a channel and wherein the radio-frequency identification tag is within the channel. 4. The valve box assembly of claim 3, wherein the silt and debris catching apparatus includes a removable cover that covers the channel. 5. The valve box assembly of claim 4, wherein the silt and debris catching apparatus includes a first end and a second end below the first end and wherein the cover defines the first end. 6. The valve box assembly of claim 1, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag includes first data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly. 7. The valve box assembly of claim 6, wherein the first data includes a serial number that identifies the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly. 8. The valve box assembly of claim 7, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag includes a read-only memory that stores the first data. 9. The valve box assembly of claim 8, wherein the serial number provides access to a database that includes second data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus. 10. The valve box assembly of claim 9, wherein the second data includes at least one of:
a geographic location of the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly, a pipe diagram, a type of fluid that flows through the valve within the valve box assembly, what the valve within the valve box assembly effects, a date and a time that the valve box assembly was accessed, a date and a time that the silt and debris catching apparatus was inspected, a date and a time that the silt and debris catching apparatus was emptied, a status of the valve within the valve box assembly, and a fluid flow state. 11. The valve box assembly of claim 7, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag includes a read/write memory that stores the first data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly. 12. The valve box assembly of claim 11, wherein the first data includes editable data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly. 13. The valve box assembly of claim 12, wherein the first data includes at least one of:
a date and a time that the valve box assembly was accessed, a date and a time that the silt and debris catching apparatus was inspected, a date and a time that the silt and debris catching apparatus was emptied, and a status of the valve within the valve box assembly. 14. The valve box assembly of claim 11, wherein the serial number provides access to a database that includes second data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus. 15. The valve box assembly of claim 1, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag is one of an active radio-frequency identification tag or a passive radio-frequency identification tag. 16. A pipe system comprising:
a first valve box assembly; a first radio-frequency identification tag within the first valve box assembly; a radio-frequency identification tag reader adapted to emit an electromagnetic signal and further adapted to receive first data from the first radio-frequency identification tag in response to the electromagnetic signal; and a computing device adapted to read or edit the first data. 17. The pipe system of claim 16, further comprising:
a second valve box assembly; and a second radio-frequency identification tag, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag reader is further adapted to receive second data from the second radio-frequency identification tag in response to the electromagnetic signal, and wherein the computing device is further adapted to read or edit the second data. 18. The pipe system of claim 17, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag reader includes the computing device. 19. A method for locating a valve box assembly comprising:
emitting a first electromagnetic signal from a radio-frequency identification tag reader; receiving, with the identification tag reader, a first response to the first electromagnetic signal from a radio-frequency identification tag within a valve box assembly; and locating the valve box assembly based on the first response. 20. The method for locating a valve box assembly of claim 19, wherein the first response includes a geographic location of the valve box assembly or a silt and debris catching apparatus within the valve box assembly. 21. The method for locating a valve box assembly of claim 20, wherein the radio-frequency identification reader is stationary. 22. The method for locating a valve box assembly of claim 19, further comprising:
moving to a first location, receiving the first response at the first location with the radio-frequency identification tag reader; reducing a reading range of the radio-frequency identification reader; emitting a second electromagnetic signal form the radio-frequency identification reader; moving to a second location; receiving a second response at the second location with the radio-frequency identification tag reader; and locating the valve box assembly based on the second response. | A valve box assembly includes a pipe within the valve box assembly, a valve coupled to the pipe and a radio-frequency identification tag within the valve box assembly.1. A valve box assembly comprising:
a pipe within the valve box assembly; a valve coupled to the pipe; and a radio-frequency identification tag within the valve box assembly. 2. The valve box assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a silt and debris catching apparatus within the valve box assembly, wherein the silt and debris catching apparatus includes a housing component and a filtration component adapted to retain material that enters the valve box assembly, and wherein the radio-frequency identification tag is within the housing component. 3. The valve box assembly of claim 2, wherein the silt and debris catching apparatus includes a handle with a channel and wherein the radio-frequency identification tag is within the channel. 4. The valve box assembly of claim 3, wherein the silt and debris catching apparatus includes a removable cover that covers the channel. 5. The valve box assembly of claim 4, wherein the silt and debris catching apparatus includes a first end and a second end below the first end and wherein the cover defines the first end. 6. The valve box assembly of claim 1, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag includes first data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly. 7. The valve box assembly of claim 6, wherein the first data includes a serial number that identifies the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly. 8. The valve box assembly of claim 7, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag includes a read-only memory that stores the first data. 9. The valve box assembly of claim 8, wherein the serial number provides access to a database that includes second data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus. 10. The valve box assembly of claim 9, wherein the second data includes at least one of:
a geographic location of the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly, a pipe diagram, a type of fluid that flows through the valve within the valve box assembly, what the valve within the valve box assembly effects, a date and a time that the valve box assembly was accessed, a date and a time that the silt and debris catching apparatus was inspected, a date and a time that the silt and debris catching apparatus was emptied, a status of the valve within the valve box assembly, and a fluid flow state. 11. The valve box assembly of claim 7, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag includes a read/write memory that stores the first data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly. 12. The valve box assembly of claim 11, wherein the first data includes editable data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus or the valve box assembly. 13. The valve box assembly of claim 12, wherein the first data includes at least one of:
a date and a time that the valve box assembly was accessed, a date and a time that the silt and debris catching apparatus was inspected, a date and a time that the silt and debris catching apparatus was emptied, and a status of the valve within the valve box assembly. 14. The valve box assembly of claim 11, wherein the serial number provides access to a database that includes second data associated with the silt and debris catching apparatus. 15. The valve box assembly of claim 1, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag is one of an active radio-frequency identification tag or a passive radio-frequency identification tag. 16. A pipe system comprising:
a first valve box assembly; a first radio-frequency identification tag within the first valve box assembly; a radio-frequency identification tag reader adapted to emit an electromagnetic signal and further adapted to receive first data from the first radio-frequency identification tag in response to the electromagnetic signal; and a computing device adapted to read or edit the first data. 17. The pipe system of claim 16, further comprising:
a second valve box assembly; and a second radio-frequency identification tag, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag reader is further adapted to receive second data from the second radio-frequency identification tag in response to the electromagnetic signal, and wherein the computing device is further adapted to read or edit the second data. 18. The pipe system of claim 17, wherein the radio-frequency identification tag reader includes the computing device. 19. A method for locating a valve box assembly comprising:
emitting a first electromagnetic signal from a radio-frequency identification tag reader; receiving, with the identification tag reader, a first response to the first electromagnetic signal from a radio-frequency identification tag within a valve box assembly; and locating the valve box assembly based on the first response. 20. The method for locating a valve box assembly of claim 19, wherein the first response includes a geographic location of the valve box assembly or a silt and debris catching apparatus within the valve box assembly. 21. The method for locating a valve box assembly of claim 20, wherein the radio-frequency identification reader is stationary. 22. The method for locating a valve box assembly of claim 19, further comprising:
moving to a first location, receiving the first response at the first location with the radio-frequency identification tag reader; reducing a reading range of the radio-frequency identification reader; emitting a second electromagnetic signal form the radio-frequency identification reader; moving to a second location; receiving a second response at the second location with the radio-frequency identification tag reader; and locating the valve box assembly based on the second response. | 2,400 |
349,577 | 350,451 | 16,854,158 | 2,452 | An electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system of a vehicle, including at least one threaded drive system. The system includes a hydraulic piston, a spindle and a spindle nut, which cooperate via a thread, and includes an electromotive drive, via which the spindle and the spindle nut are rotatable relative to one another. The hydraulic piston of the piston/cylinder unit at least partially radially surrounds the spindle and the spindle nut, the hydraulic piston being accommodated in a hydraulic cylinder of the piston/cylinder unit. An anti-twist protection is formed by a recess extending in the axial direction and forming a sliding surface, and by a sliding element protruding into the recess. The sliding element rests against a planar contact area of the sliding surface so that the hydraulic piston is secured against twisting and is axially displaceable by a rotation of the spindle or the spindle nut. | 1. An electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system of a vehicle, comprising:
at least one threaded drive system configured to convert a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion; and a piston/cylinder unit which includes a hydraulic piston actuatable by the threaded drive system for brake pressure generation; wherein the threaded drive system includes:
a spindle and a spindle nut which cooperate with one another via a thread; and
an electromotive drive using which the spindle and the spindle nut are rotatable relative to one another;
wherein the hydraulic piston of the piston/cylinder unit at least partially radially surrounds the spindle and the spindle nut, and the hydraulic piston is accommodated in a hydraulic cylinder of the piston/cylinder unit, creating an anti-twist protection, the anti-twist protection being formed by a recess extending in an axial direction and forming a sliding surface, and by a sliding element protruding into the recess, the sliding element being configured in such a way that the sliding element rests against a planar contact area of the sliding surface so that the hydraulic piston is secured against twisting and is axially displaceable by a rotation of the spindle or the spindle nut. 2. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle is non-rotatably connected to the hydraulic piston, and the hydraulic piston and the spindle are axially displaced with a rotation of the spindle nut. 3. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic piston is non-rotatably connected to the spindle nut, and the hydraulic piston and the spindle nut are axially displaced with a rotation of the spindle. 4. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the anti-twist protection is configured as a tongue-and-groove joint. 5. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding element has a convex shape in an axial direction of the spindle on at least one axial edge area. 6. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding element has a convex shape in a radial direction of the spindle on at least one radial edge area. 7. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding element includes a contact shoe which is situated on an outer side and is in contact with the sliding surface. 8. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 7, wherein the contact shoe is made of a plastic material. 9. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 7, wherein the contact shoe and an inner sliding element portion of the sliding element rest against one another in a axial direction of the spindle via a planar surface and a convex surface. 10. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding surface is formed by a sliding rail inserted into the recess. 11. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 10, wherein the inserted sliding rail is made of a plastic material. 12. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding element is made of a light metal alloy. 13. A vehicle, comprising:
a hydraulic braking system; and an electromechanical brake pressure generator for the hydraulic braking system, the electromechanical brake pressure generator including:
at least one threaded drive system configured to convert a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion; and
a piston/cylinder unit which includes a hydraulic piston actuatable by the threaded drive system for brake pressure generation;
wherein the threaded drive system includes:
a spindle and a spindle nut which cooperate with one another via a thread; and
an electromotive drive using which the spindle and the spindle nut are rotatable relative to one another;
wherein the hydraulic piston of the piston/cylinder unit at least partially radially surrounds the spindle and the spindle nut, and the hydraulic piston is accommodated in a hydraulic cylinder of the piston/cylinder unit, creating an anti-twist protection, the anti-twist protection being formed by a recess extending in an axial direction and forming a sliding surface, and by a sliding element protruding into the recess, the sliding element being configured in such a way that the sliding element rests against a planar contact area of the sliding surface so that the hydraulic piston is secured against twisting and is axially displaceable by a rotation of the spindle or the spindle nut. | An electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system of a vehicle, including at least one threaded drive system. The system includes a hydraulic piston, a spindle and a spindle nut, which cooperate via a thread, and includes an electromotive drive, via which the spindle and the spindle nut are rotatable relative to one another. The hydraulic piston of the piston/cylinder unit at least partially radially surrounds the spindle and the spindle nut, the hydraulic piston being accommodated in a hydraulic cylinder of the piston/cylinder unit. An anti-twist protection is formed by a recess extending in the axial direction and forming a sliding surface, and by a sliding element protruding into the recess. The sliding element rests against a planar contact area of the sliding surface so that the hydraulic piston is secured against twisting and is axially displaceable by a rotation of the spindle or the spindle nut.1. An electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system of a vehicle, comprising:
at least one threaded drive system configured to convert a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion; and a piston/cylinder unit which includes a hydraulic piston actuatable by the threaded drive system for brake pressure generation; wherein the threaded drive system includes:
a spindle and a spindle nut which cooperate with one another via a thread; and
an electromotive drive using which the spindle and the spindle nut are rotatable relative to one another;
wherein the hydraulic piston of the piston/cylinder unit at least partially radially surrounds the spindle and the spindle nut, and the hydraulic piston is accommodated in a hydraulic cylinder of the piston/cylinder unit, creating an anti-twist protection, the anti-twist protection being formed by a recess extending in an axial direction and forming a sliding surface, and by a sliding element protruding into the recess, the sliding element being configured in such a way that the sliding element rests against a planar contact area of the sliding surface so that the hydraulic piston is secured against twisting and is axially displaceable by a rotation of the spindle or the spindle nut. 2. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle is non-rotatably connected to the hydraulic piston, and the hydraulic piston and the spindle are axially displaced with a rotation of the spindle nut. 3. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic piston is non-rotatably connected to the spindle nut, and the hydraulic piston and the spindle nut are axially displaced with a rotation of the spindle. 4. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the anti-twist protection is configured as a tongue-and-groove joint. 5. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding element has a convex shape in an axial direction of the spindle on at least one axial edge area. 6. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding element has a convex shape in a radial direction of the spindle on at least one radial edge area. 7. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding element includes a contact shoe which is situated on an outer side and is in contact with the sliding surface. 8. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 7, wherein the contact shoe is made of a plastic material. 9. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 7, wherein the contact shoe and an inner sliding element portion of the sliding element rest against one another in a axial direction of the spindle via a planar surface and a convex surface. 10. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding surface is formed by a sliding rail inserted into the recess. 11. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 10, wherein the inserted sliding rail is made of a plastic material. 12. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the sliding element is made of a light metal alloy. 13. A vehicle, comprising:
a hydraulic braking system; and an electromechanical brake pressure generator for the hydraulic braking system, the electromechanical brake pressure generator including:
at least one threaded drive system configured to convert a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion; and
a piston/cylinder unit which includes a hydraulic piston actuatable by the threaded drive system for brake pressure generation;
wherein the threaded drive system includes:
a spindle and a spindle nut which cooperate with one another via a thread; and
an electromotive drive using which the spindle and the spindle nut are rotatable relative to one another;
wherein the hydraulic piston of the piston/cylinder unit at least partially radially surrounds the spindle and the spindle nut, and the hydraulic piston is accommodated in a hydraulic cylinder of the piston/cylinder unit, creating an anti-twist protection, the anti-twist protection being formed by a recess extending in an axial direction and forming a sliding surface, and by a sliding element protruding into the recess, the sliding element being configured in such a way that the sliding element rests against a planar contact area of the sliding surface so that the hydraulic piston is secured against twisting and is axially displaceable by a rotation of the spindle or the spindle nut. | 2,400 |
349,578 | 350,452 | 16,854,175 | 2,452 | First and second network nodes and methods thereof are provided. The method for the first network node to manage a second network node in a mobile communication system includes receiving, from a plurality of second network nodes, application programming interface (API) information related to each of the plurality of second network nodes, composing a plurality of second network node chainings based on the API information, selecting, when an API request is received from an external server, one of the plurality of second network node chainings for supporting the API request, and transmitting the API request to a second network node included in the selected second network node chaining. | 1. A method performed by a first network node in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from at least one network node, a first message including service application programming interface (API) information for the at least one network node; transmitting, to the at least one network node, a second message for the service API information as a response to the first message; receiving, from a second network node, a discover request message for a service API; and transmitting, to the second network node, a discover response message including identified service API information for a third network node of the at least one network node, wherein the third network node is an entry point for a network node chaining associated with the service API. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the network node chaining comprises a fourth network node cascaded with the third network node, wherein an invocation for the service API from the second network node is forwarded from the third network node to the fourth network node, and wherein the second network node includes a server invocating the service API. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the service API information of the at least one network node,
wherein the third network node is identified by retrieving service API information corresponding to the discover request message from the stored service API information. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the service API information of the at least one network node includes at least one of a service API name, a service API type, or an address of the at least one network node. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second message for the service API information includes information for identifying corresponding service API information from the service API information. 6. A method performed by a third network node in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting, to a first network node, a first message including service application programming interface (API) information for the third network node; receiving, from the first network node, a second message for the service API information as a response to the first message; receiving, from a second network node, an invocation for a service API; and transmitting, to a fourth network node, the invocation, wherein the third network node is an entry point for a network node chaining associated with the service API, wherein a discover request message for the service API is transmitted from the second network node to the first network node, and wherein a discover response message including identified service API information for the third network node of at least one network node is transmitted from the first network node to the second network node. 7. The method of claim 6,
wherein the network node chaining comprises the fourth network node cascaded with the third network node, and wherein the second network node includes a server invocating the service API. 8. The method of claim 6,
wherein the service API information of the third network node is stored by the first network node, and wherein the third network node is identified by retrieving service API information corresponding to the discover request message from the stored service API information. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the service API information of the third network node includes at least one of a service API name, a service API type, or an address of the third network node. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the second message for the service API information includes information for identifying the service API information for the third network node. 11. A first network node in a wireless communication system, the first network node comprising:
a transceiver configured to transmit and receive a signal; and a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
receive, from at least one network node, a first message including service application programming interface (API) information for the at least one network node,
transmit, to the at least one network node, a second message for the service API information as a response to the first message,
receive, from a second network node, a discover request message for a service API, and
transmit, to the second network node, a discover response message including identified service API information for a third network node of the at least one network node,
wherein the third network node is an entry point for a network node chaining associated with the service API. 12. The first network node of claim 11,
wherein the network node chaining comprises a fourth network node cascaded with the third network node, wherein an invocation for the service API from the second network node is forwarded from the third network node to the fourth network node, and wherein the second network node includes a server invocating the service API. 13. The first network node of claim 11,
wherein the controller is further configured to store the service API information of the at least one network node, and wherein the third network node is identified by retrieving service API information corresponding to the discover request message from the stored service API information. 14. The first network node of claim 11, wherein the service API information of the at least one network node includes at least one of a service API name, a service API type, or an address of the at least one network node. 15. The first network node of claim 11, wherein the second message for the service API information includes information for identifying corresponding service API information from the service API information. 16. A third network node in a wireless communication system, the third network node comprising:
a transceiver configured to transmit and receive a signal; and a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
transmit, to a first network node, a first message including service application programming interface (API) information for the third network node,
receive, from the first network node, a second message for the service API information as a response to the first message,
receive, from a second network node, an invocation for a service API, and
transmit, to a fourth network node, the invocation,
wherein the third network node is an entry point for a network node chaining associated with the service API, wherein a discover request message for the service API is transmitted from the second network node to the first network node, and wherein a discover response message including identified service API information for the third network node of at least one network node is transmitted from the first network node to the second network node. 17. The third network node of claim 16,
wherein the network node chaining comprises the fourth network node cascaded with the third network node, and wherein the second network node includes a server invocating the service API. 18. The third network node of claim 16,
wherein the service API information of the third network node is stored by the first network node, and wherein the third network node is identified by retrieving service API information corresponding to the discover request message from the stored service API information. 19. The third network node of claim 16, wherein the service API information of the third network node includes at least one of a service API name, a service API type, or an address of the third network node. 20. The third network node of claim 16, wherein the second message for the service API information includes information for identifying the service API information for the third network node. | First and second network nodes and methods thereof are provided. The method for the first network node to manage a second network node in a mobile communication system includes receiving, from a plurality of second network nodes, application programming interface (API) information related to each of the plurality of second network nodes, composing a plurality of second network node chainings based on the API information, selecting, when an API request is received from an external server, one of the plurality of second network node chainings for supporting the API request, and transmitting the API request to a second network node included in the selected second network node chaining.1. A method performed by a first network node in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from at least one network node, a first message including service application programming interface (API) information for the at least one network node; transmitting, to the at least one network node, a second message for the service API information as a response to the first message; receiving, from a second network node, a discover request message for a service API; and transmitting, to the second network node, a discover response message including identified service API information for a third network node of the at least one network node, wherein the third network node is an entry point for a network node chaining associated with the service API. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the network node chaining comprises a fourth network node cascaded with the third network node, wherein an invocation for the service API from the second network node is forwarded from the third network node to the fourth network node, and wherein the second network node includes a server invocating the service API. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the service API information of the at least one network node,
wherein the third network node is identified by retrieving service API information corresponding to the discover request message from the stored service API information. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the service API information of the at least one network node includes at least one of a service API name, a service API type, or an address of the at least one network node. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second message for the service API information includes information for identifying corresponding service API information from the service API information. 6. A method performed by a third network node in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting, to a first network node, a first message including service application programming interface (API) information for the third network node; receiving, from the first network node, a second message for the service API information as a response to the first message; receiving, from a second network node, an invocation for a service API; and transmitting, to a fourth network node, the invocation, wherein the third network node is an entry point for a network node chaining associated with the service API, wherein a discover request message for the service API is transmitted from the second network node to the first network node, and wherein a discover response message including identified service API information for the third network node of at least one network node is transmitted from the first network node to the second network node. 7. The method of claim 6,
wherein the network node chaining comprises the fourth network node cascaded with the third network node, and wherein the second network node includes a server invocating the service API. 8. The method of claim 6,
wherein the service API information of the third network node is stored by the first network node, and wherein the third network node is identified by retrieving service API information corresponding to the discover request message from the stored service API information. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the service API information of the third network node includes at least one of a service API name, a service API type, or an address of the third network node. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the second message for the service API information includes information for identifying the service API information for the third network node. 11. A first network node in a wireless communication system, the first network node comprising:
a transceiver configured to transmit and receive a signal; and a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
receive, from at least one network node, a first message including service application programming interface (API) information for the at least one network node,
transmit, to the at least one network node, a second message for the service API information as a response to the first message,
receive, from a second network node, a discover request message for a service API, and
transmit, to the second network node, a discover response message including identified service API information for a third network node of the at least one network node,
wherein the third network node is an entry point for a network node chaining associated with the service API. 12. The first network node of claim 11,
wherein the network node chaining comprises a fourth network node cascaded with the third network node, wherein an invocation for the service API from the second network node is forwarded from the third network node to the fourth network node, and wherein the second network node includes a server invocating the service API. 13. The first network node of claim 11,
wherein the controller is further configured to store the service API information of the at least one network node, and wherein the third network node is identified by retrieving service API information corresponding to the discover request message from the stored service API information. 14. The first network node of claim 11, wherein the service API information of the at least one network node includes at least one of a service API name, a service API type, or an address of the at least one network node. 15. The first network node of claim 11, wherein the second message for the service API information includes information for identifying corresponding service API information from the service API information. 16. A third network node in a wireless communication system, the third network node comprising:
a transceiver configured to transmit and receive a signal; and a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
transmit, to a first network node, a first message including service application programming interface (API) information for the third network node,
receive, from the first network node, a second message for the service API information as a response to the first message,
receive, from a second network node, an invocation for a service API, and
transmit, to a fourth network node, the invocation,
wherein the third network node is an entry point for a network node chaining associated with the service API, wherein a discover request message for the service API is transmitted from the second network node to the first network node, and wherein a discover response message including identified service API information for the third network node of at least one network node is transmitted from the first network node to the second network node. 17. The third network node of claim 16,
wherein the network node chaining comprises the fourth network node cascaded with the third network node, and wherein the second network node includes a server invocating the service API. 18. The third network node of claim 16,
wherein the service API information of the third network node is stored by the first network node, and wherein the third network node is identified by retrieving service API information corresponding to the discover request message from the stored service API information. 19. The third network node of claim 16, wherein the service API information of the third network node includes at least one of a service API name, a service API type, or an address of the third network node. 20. The third network node of claim 16, wherein the second message for the service API information includes information for identifying the service API information for the third network node. | 2,400 |
349,579 | 350,453 | 16,854,179 | 2,452 | A rolling-unrolling device for a protective cover for covering a surface to be protected is presented. The device is self-propelling and includes a braking system for blocking the rotation of at least one drive wheel of the carriages and causing the cover to be automatically tensioned during the rolling up thereof on the roller tube. This braking system includes a movable pawl integral with each of the carriages, and a ratchet wheel integral with the drive wheel of each of the carriages, such that, in the direction of rotation corresponding to the unrolling of the cover, the pawl is not engaged with the ratchet wheel and the braking system is in the passive position, and in the opposite direction of rotation corresponding to the rolling up of the cover, the pawl is engaged with the ratchet wheel and the braking system is in the active position. | 1. A rolling-unrolling device for a protective cover for covering a surface to be protected, said device comprising a roller tube supported at the ends thereof by two carriages provided with wheels, at least one whereof is a drive wheel, and means for driving the rotation of said roller tube and of said at least one drive wheel designed to displace said device in translation relative to said surface to be protected in one direction in order to unroll said cover and in the opposite direction in order to roll up said cover, said device further comprising a braking system designed to slow or prevent the rotation of said at least one drive wheel of the carriages and cause said cover to be tensioned at least during the rolling up of said cover on said roller tube, characterised in that said at least one drive wheel comprises a core supporting a rim comprising a tyre, in that said core is designed to slip on said rim under the action of a slippage force originating from their difference in rotational speed, and in that said braking system is designed to act on the core of said at least one drive wheel. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that said braking system is a mechanical system designed to take at least two unstable positions, i.e. a passive position in one direction of rotation of said drive means corresponding to the unrolling of said cover, and an active position in the opposite direction of rotation of said drive means corresponding to the rolling up of said cover, the change from the passive position to the active position and vice-versa of said braking system being automatically generated by the reversal of the direction of rotation of said drive means. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterised in that said braking system comprises a movable pawl integral with each of said carriages, and a ratchet wheel integral with said at least one drive wheel of each of said carriages, such that, in the direction of rotation corresponding to the unrolling of said cover, the pawl is not engaged with the ratchet wheel and the braking system is in the passive position, and in the opposite direction of rotation corresponding to the rolling up of said cover, the pawl is engaged with the ratchet wheel and the braking system is in the active position. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterised in that said ratchet wheel is integral with the core of said at least one drive wheel. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterised in that the pawl comprises a rigid lever, mounted on each of said carriages, free to rotate about an articulation shaft situated above and perpendicular to said at least one of the wheels of the carriage, such that in the neutral position, said pawl extends under gravity radially inside said corresponding ratchet wheel, along a vertical axis passing through the rotational axis of said wheel. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterised in that said braking system further comprises a stop fastened onto each of said carriages in the near vicinity of said pawl in order to block it in the active position when engaged with said ratchet wheel. 7. The device according to claim 3, characterised in that the pawl comprises a flexible lever, mounted on each of said carriages, at a fixed point that is offset relative to the vertical axis passing through the rotational axis of said at least one of the wheels of the carriage, such that, in the neutral position, said pawl extends more or less inside said corresponding ratchet wheel. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterised in that said braking system is adjustable and in that said pawl is mounted on a support that can be angularly adjusted relative to said ratchet wheel, such that said pawl is more or less inclined relative to the circle formed by said ratchet wheel so as to adjust the brake force. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterised in that the support of said pawl is mounted on the carriage by angular adjustment means. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterised in that the angular adjustment means comprise a ball screw housed through positioning holes defining a plurality of positions for adjusting the inclination of said pawl. 11. The device according to claim 4, characterised in that said ratchet wheel comprises a plurality of projecting spurs on at least one of the sides of said at least one drive wheel and arranged in a circle concentric with the rotational axis of said drive wheel. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the plane passing through the wheels of a same carriage is parallel to the XZ-plane of an orthonormal frame of reference. 13. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the plane passing through the wheels of a same carriage forms an angle of less than 10° with the XZ-plane of an orthonormal frame of reference, the rotational axes of said wheels remaining parallel. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the coefficient of friction between the core and the rim is less than the coefficient of friction between the tyre and the ground, the difference between the two coefficients lying in the range 0.05 to 0.5. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the material of the tyre is derived from the family of EPDM-type rubbers having a low Shore hardness that lies in the range 40 to 70 ShA. 16. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the material of the tyre is derived from the family of EPDM-type rubbers having a high ultimate tensile strength that lies in the range 30 to 50 MPa. | A rolling-unrolling device for a protective cover for covering a surface to be protected is presented. The device is self-propelling and includes a braking system for blocking the rotation of at least one drive wheel of the carriages and causing the cover to be automatically tensioned during the rolling up thereof on the roller tube. This braking system includes a movable pawl integral with each of the carriages, and a ratchet wheel integral with the drive wheel of each of the carriages, such that, in the direction of rotation corresponding to the unrolling of the cover, the pawl is not engaged with the ratchet wheel and the braking system is in the passive position, and in the opposite direction of rotation corresponding to the rolling up of the cover, the pawl is engaged with the ratchet wheel and the braking system is in the active position.1. A rolling-unrolling device for a protective cover for covering a surface to be protected, said device comprising a roller tube supported at the ends thereof by two carriages provided with wheels, at least one whereof is a drive wheel, and means for driving the rotation of said roller tube and of said at least one drive wheel designed to displace said device in translation relative to said surface to be protected in one direction in order to unroll said cover and in the opposite direction in order to roll up said cover, said device further comprising a braking system designed to slow or prevent the rotation of said at least one drive wheel of the carriages and cause said cover to be tensioned at least during the rolling up of said cover on said roller tube, characterised in that said at least one drive wheel comprises a core supporting a rim comprising a tyre, in that said core is designed to slip on said rim under the action of a slippage force originating from their difference in rotational speed, and in that said braking system is designed to act on the core of said at least one drive wheel. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that said braking system is a mechanical system designed to take at least two unstable positions, i.e. a passive position in one direction of rotation of said drive means corresponding to the unrolling of said cover, and an active position in the opposite direction of rotation of said drive means corresponding to the rolling up of said cover, the change from the passive position to the active position and vice-versa of said braking system being automatically generated by the reversal of the direction of rotation of said drive means. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterised in that said braking system comprises a movable pawl integral with each of said carriages, and a ratchet wheel integral with said at least one drive wheel of each of said carriages, such that, in the direction of rotation corresponding to the unrolling of said cover, the pawl is not engaged with the ratchet wheel and the braking system is in the passive position, and in the opposite direction of rotation corresponding to the rolling up of said cover, the pawl is engaged with the ratchet wheel and the braking system is in the active position. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterised in that said ratchet wheel is integral with the core of said at least one drive wheel. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterised in that the pawl comprises a rigid lever, mounted on each of said carriages, free to rotate about an articulation shaft situated above and perpendicular to said at least one of the wheels of the carriage, such that in the neutral position, said pawl extends under gravity radially inside said corresponding ratchet wheel, along a vertical axis passing through the rotational axis of said wheel. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterised in that said braking system further comprises a stop fastened onto each of said carriages in the near vicinity of said pawl in order to block it in the active position when engaged with said ratchet wheel. 7. The device according to claim 3, characterised in that the pawl comprises a flexible lever, mounted on each of said carriages, at a fixed point that is offset relative to the vertical axis passing through the rotational axis of said at least one of the wheels of the carriage, such that, in the neutral position, said pawl extends more or less inside said corresponding ratchet wheel. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterised in that said braking system is adjustable and in that said pawl is mounted on a support that can be angularly adjusted relative to said ratchet wheel, such that said pawl is more or less inclined relative to the circle formed by said ratchet wheel so as to adjust the brake force. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterised in that the support of said pawl is mounted on the carriage by angular adjustment means. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterised in that the angular adjustment means comprise a ball screw housed through positioning holes defining a plurality of positions for adjusting the inclination of said pawl. 11. The device according to claim 4, characterised in that said ratchet wheel comprises a plurality of projecting spurs on at least one of the sides of said at least one drive wheel and arranged in a circle concentric with the rotational axis of said drive wheel. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the plane passing through the wheels of a same carriage is parallel to the XZ-plane of an orthonormal frame of reference. 13. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the plane passing through the wheels of a same carriage forms an angle of less than 10° with the XZ-plane of an orthonormal frame of reference, the rotational axes of said wheels remaining parallel. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the coefficient of friction between the core and the rim is less than the coefficient of friction between the tyre and the ground, the difference between the two coefficients lying in the range 0.05 to 0.5. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the material of the tyre is derived from the family of EPDM-type rubbers having a low Shore hardness that lies in the range 40 to 70 ShA. 16. The device according to claim 1, characterised in that the material of the tyre is derived from the family of EPDM-type rubbers having a high ultimate tensile strength that lies in the range 30 to 50 MPa. | 2,400 |
349,580 | 350,454 | 16,854,170 | 2,452 | An organic light-emitting device includes a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1, where at least one of X4 to X11 is C(Rx), and Rx is a group represented by Formula 2: | 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer; and at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein:
the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, the organic layer further comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and the electron transport region comprises a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof. 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 2, wherein the hole transport region comprises the at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 2, wherein:
the hole transport region comprises at least one selected from a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the at least one selected from the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer comprising the at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one selected from a first capping layer located under the first electrode and facing the second electrode and a second capping layer located above the second electrode and facing the first electrode, the at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer comprising the at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises the at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 6, wherein:
the emission layer further comprises a dopant, and the at least one condensed cyclic compound is a host, and the at least one condensed cyclic compound is greater in amount than the dopant. 8. A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: 9. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
L1 to L3 are each independently selected from a benzene group, a pentalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a hexacene group, a pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzimidazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a benzothiazole group, an isooxazole group, an oxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a benzoxazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, and a dibenzosilole group; and a benzene group, a pentalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a hexacene group, a pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzimidazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a benzothiazole group, an isooxazole group, an oxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a benzoxazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, and a dibenzosilole group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), and —B(Q31)(Q32), and Q31 to Q33 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group. 10. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
L1 to L3 are each independently a group represented by one selected from Formulae 3-1 to 3-43: 11. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein a1 to a3 are each independently 0 or 1. 12. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently selected from a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclopentane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclohexane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorene-benzofluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group. a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzosilolyl group; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclopentane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclohexane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorene-benzofluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzosilolyl group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclopentane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclohexane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorene-benzofluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group. a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), and —B(Q31)(Q32), and Q31 to Q33 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group. 13. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-80: 14. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-40: 15. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
in Formula 2, a group represented by *-(L1)a1-(Ar1)b1 and a group represented by *-(L2)a2-(Ar2)b2 are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-37: 16. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
X1 is C(R1), X2 is C(R2), X3 is C(R3), X4 is C(R4) or C(Rx), X5 is C(R5) or C(Rx), X6 is C(R6) or C(Rx), X7 is C(R7) or C(Rx), X8 is C(R8) or C(Rx), X9 is C(R9) or C(Rx), X10 is C(R10) or C(Rx), X11 is C(R11) or C(Rx), X12 is C(R12), X13 is C(R13), and X14 is C(R14), and at least one selected from X4 to X11 is C(Rx). 17. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
X1 is C(R1), X2 is C(R2), X3 is C(R3), X4 is C(R4) or C(Rx), X5 is C(R5) or C(Rx), X6 is C(R6) or C(Rx), X7 is C(R7) or C(Rx), X8 is C(R8) or C(Rx), X9 is C(R9) or C(Rx), X10 is C(R10) or C(Rx), X11 is C(R11) or C(Rx), X12 is C(R12), X13 is C(R13), and X14 is C(R14), and one selected from X4 to X11 is C(Rx), and the others of X4 to X11 are not C(Rx). 18. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein the condensed cyclic compound is represented by one selected from Formulae 1-1 to 1-4: 19. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
the condensed cyclic compound is represented by one selected from Formulae 1-1A to 1-4A: 20. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein the condensed cyclic compound is selected from Compounds 1 to 225: | An organic light-emitting device includes a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1, where at least one of X4 to X11 is C(Rx), and Rx is a group represented by Formula 2:1. An organic light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer; and at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein:
the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, the organic layer further comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and the electron transport region comprises a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof. 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 2, wherein the hole transport region comprises the at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 2, wherein:
the hole transport region comprises at least one selected from a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the at least one selected from the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer comprising the at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one selected from a first capping layer located under the first electrode and facing the second electrode and a second capping layer located above the second electrode and facing the first electrode, the at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer comprising the at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises the at least one condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 6, wherein:
the emission layer further comprises a dopant, and the at least one condensed cyclic compound is a host, and the at least one condensed cyclic compound is greater in amount than the dopant. 8. A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: 9. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
L1 to L3 are each independently selected from a benzene group, a pentalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a hexacene group, a pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzimidazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a benzothiazole group, an isooxazole group, an oxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a benzoxazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, and a dibenzosilole group; and a benzene group, a pentalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a hexacene group, a pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoxazole group, a benzimidazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a benzothiazole group, an isooxazole group, an oxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a benzoxazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, and a dibenzosilole group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), and —B(Q31)(Q32), and Q31 to Q33 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group. 10. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
L1 to L3 are each independently a group represented by one selected from Formulae 3-1 to 3-43: 11. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein a1 to a3 are each independently 0 or 1. 12. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently selected from a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclopentane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclohexane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorene-benzofluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group. a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzosilolyl group; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclopentane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclohexane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorene-benzofluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzosilolyl group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclopentane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-cyclohexane-fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorene-benzofluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group. a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, —Si(Q31)(Q32)(Q33), —N(Q31)(Q32), and —B(Q31)(Q32), and Q31 to Q33 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group. 13. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-80: 14. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-40: 15. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
in Formula 2, a group represented by *-(L1)a1-(Ar1)b1 and a group represented by *-(L2)a2-(Ar2)b2 are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-37: 16. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
X1 is C(R1), X2 is C(R2), X3 is C(R3), X4 is C(R4) or C(Rx), X5 is C(R5) or C(Rx), X6 is C(R6) or C(Rx), X7 is C(R7) or C(Rx), X8 is C(R8) or C(Rx), X9 is C(R9) or C(Rx), X10 is C(R10) or C(Rx), X11 is C(R11) or C(Rx), X12 is C(R12), X13 is C(R13), and X14 is C(R14), and at least one selected from X4 to X11 is C(Rx). 17. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
X1 is C(R1), X2 is C(R2), X3 is C(R3), X4 is C(R4) or C(Rx), X5 is C(R5) or C(Rx), X6 is C(R6) or C(Rx), X7 is C(R7) or C(Rx), X8 is C(R8) or C(Rx), X9 is C(R9) or C(Rx), X10 is C(R10) or C(Rx), X11 is C(R11) or C(Rx), X12 is C(R12), X13 is C(R13), and X14 is C(R14), and one selected from X4 to X11 is C(Rx), and the others of X4 to X11 are not C(Rx). 18. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein the condensed cyclic compound is represented by one selected from Formulae 1-1 to 1-4: 19. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein:
the condensed cyclic compound is represented by one selected from Formulae 1-1A to 1-4A: 20. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 8, wherein the condensed cyclic compound is selected from Compounds 1 to 225: | 2,400 |
349,581 | 350,455 | 16,854,184 | 2,452 | A suspended ceiling grid main runner is provided that has a cross-section generally in the form of an inverted T, with a central web, a pair of panel support flanges extending from one edge of the web, and a reinforcing bulb extending from the other edge of the web. The main runner includes an integrally-formed interlocking connector, first and second series of longitudinally extending, spaced apart stitches in the web adjacent to the bulb and flanges, hemmed flanges including a cap, and an enlarged reinforcement bulb, which together increase the structural strength of the main runner sufficient to compensate for a reduction in the thickness of the metal strip from which the main runner is formed. | 1. A main runner for a suspended ceiling grid system comprising:
a) a central web formed of two layers of sheet metal having first and second ends; b) a reinforcement bulb extending from an upper portion of the central web between the first and second ends of the central web; c) opposed flanges extending from a portion end of the central web between the first and second ends of the central web; d) first and second end connector integral with the central web and extending from the first and second ends of the central web, respectively, past the flanges, the first end connector being displaced out of a plane defined by the central web in a first direction and the second end connector being displaced out of the plane defined by the central web in a second direction opposite to the first direction, each of the first and second end connectors having a distal edge; e) a strap adjacent each end of the central web deformed out of the plane of the central web in a direction opposite to the adjacent end connector, the strap being configured to receive an end portion of an end connector of a second tee f) each of the first and second end connectors further comprising a rectangularly-shaped embossment extending out of a first side of the end connector, the embossment being defined by a proximal edge, a distal edge, an upper edge and a lower edge, and first and second spaced-apart locking tabs each having a proximal tapered camming surface and distal locking surface extending out of a second side of the end connector, such that the distal locking surface of the locking tabs engage the distal edge of the end connector of the second tee. 2. The main runner of claim 1 further comprising a first row of longitudinally spaced stitches at the upper end of the web adjacent the bulb and a second row of longitudinally spaced stitches at the lower end of the web adjacent the flanges, with the stitches in the first row being staggered relative to the stitches in the second row. 3. The main runner of claim 1 further comprising a lower cap is applied to the flanges so that the free edges of the flanges are bent back on themselves along with the edges of the cap to provide a hemmed flange. 4. The main runner of claim 2 further comprising a lower cap is applied to the flanges so that the free edges of the flanges are bent back on themselves along with the edges of the cap to provide a hemmed flange. 5. The main runner of claim 1 wherein the main runner has an overall height of 1.640″ and the bulb has a height of 0.515″ and rounded upper corners. 6. (canceled) 7. The main runner of claim 2 wherein the main runner has an overall height of 1.640″ and the bulb has a height of 0.515″ and rounded upper corners. 8. The main runner of claim 3 wherein the main runner has an overall height of 1.640″ and the bulb has a height of 0.515″ and rounded upper corners. 9. The main runner of claim 4 wherein the main runner has an overall height of 1.640″ and the bulb has a height of 0.515″ and rounded upper corners. 10. The main runner of claim 1 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 11. The main runner of claim 2 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 12. The main runner of claim 3 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 13. The main runner of claim 4 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 14. The main runner of claim 5 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 15. (canceled) 16. The main runner of claim 7 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 17. The main runner of claim 8 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 18. The main runner of claim 9 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012 | A suspended ceiling grid main runner is provided that has a cross-section generally in the form of an inverted T, with a central web, a pair of panel support flanges extending from one edge of the web, and a reinforcing bulb extending from the other edge of the web. The main runner includes an integrally-formed interlocking connector, first and second series of longitudinally extending, spaced apart stitches in the web adjacent to the bulb and flanges, hemmed flanges including a cap, and an enlarged reinforcement bulb, which together increase the structural strength of the main runner sufficient to compensate for a reduction in the thickness of the metal strip from which the main runner is formed.1. A main runner for a suspended ceiling grid system comprising:
a) a central web formed of two layers of sheet metal having first and second ends; b) a reinforcement bulb extending from an upper portion of the central web between the first and second ends of the central web; c) opposed flanges extending from a portion end of the central web between the first and second ends of the central web; d) first and second end connector integral with the central web and extending from the first and second ends of the central web, respectively, past the flanges, the first end connector being displaced out of a plane defined by the central web in a first direction and the second end connector being displaced out of the plane defined by the central web in a second direction opposite to the first direction, each of the first and second end connectors having a distal edge; e) a strap adjacent each end of the central web deformed out of the plane of the central web in a direction opposite to the adjacent end connector, the strap being configured to receive an end portion of an end connector of a second tee f) each of the first and second end connectors further comprising a rectangularly-shaped embossment extending out of a first side of the end connector, the embossment being defined by a proximal edge, a distal edge, an upper edge and a lower edge, and first and second spaced-apart locking tabs each having a proximal tapered camming surface and distal locking surface extending out of a second side of the end connector, such that the distal locking surface of the locking tabs engage the distal edge of the end connector of the second tee. 2. The main runner of claim 1 further comprising a first row of longitudinally spaced stitches at the upper end of the web adjacent the bulb and a second row of longitudinally spaced stitches at the lower end of the web adjacent the flanges, with the stitches in the first row being staggered relative to the stitches in the second row. 3. The main runner of claim 1 further comprising a lower cap is applied to the flanges so that the free edges of the flanges are bent back on themselves along with the edges of the cap to provide a hemmed flange. 4. The main runner of claim 2 further comprising a lower cap is applied to the flanges so that the free edges of the flanges are bent back on themselves along with the edges of the cap to provide a hemmed flange. 5. The main runner of claim 1 wherein the main runner has an overall height of 1.640″ and the bulb has a height of 0.515″ and rounded upper corners. 6. (canceled) 7. The main runner of claim 2 wherein the main runner has an overall height of 1.640″ and the bulb has a height of 0.515″ and rounded upper corners. 8. The main runner of claim 3 wherein the main runner has an overall height of 1.640″ and the bulb has a height of 0.515″ and rounded upper corners. 9. The main runner of claim 4 wherein the main runner has an overall height of 1.640″ and the bulb has a height of 0.515″ and rounded upper corners. 10. The main runner of claim 1 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 11. The main runner of claim 2 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 12. The main runner of claim 3 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 13. The main runner of claim 4 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 14. The main runner of claim 5 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 15. (canceled) 16. The main runner of claim 7 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 17. The main runner of claim 8 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012″. 18. The main runner of claim 9 wherein the main runner is made of a sheet material having a thickness of 0.012 | 2,400 |
349,582 | 350,456 | 16,854,155 | 2,452 | A joint assembly of an adapter defines a first longitudinal axis and includes first and second hinges, first and second rings, a joint cover, and a biasing mechanism. The joint cover has first and second cover portions. The first ring is pivotally coupled to the first hinge and the first cover portion is pivotally coupled to the first hinge to define a first joint center. The second ring is pivotally coupled to the second cover portion and the second hinge is pivotally coupled to the second ring to define a second joint center that is spaced from the first joint center. The first and second joint centers define a cover axis of the joint cover. The biasing mechanism is engaged with the first ring and the joint cover to bias the joint cover towards an aligned configuration in which the cover axis is aligned with the first longitudinal axis. | 1. A joint assembly comprising:
a proximal joint housing having a distal portion and defining a first longitudinal axis, the proximal joint housing including a first hinge positioned on the distal portion; a first ring pivotally coupled to the first hinge about a first pivot axis orthogonal to and intersecting the first longitudinal axis; a joint cover pivotally coupled to the first hinge about a second pivot axis orthogonal to and intersecting the first pivot axis and the first longitudinal axis, the first and second pivot axes intersecting the first longitudinal axis at a first joint center, the joint cover defining a cover axis extending longitudinally therethrough; and a biasing mechanism operatively associated with the joint cover to bias the joint cover towards an aligned configuration in which the cover axis is aligned with the first longitudinal axis. 2. The joint assembly according to claim 1, wherein the biasing mechanism includes a pair of inner biasing bars and a pair of outer biasing bars, the pair of inner biasing bars engaged with the first cover portion of the joint cover and the pair of outer biasing bars engaged with the first ring. 3. The joint assembly according to claim 2, wherein each of the inner and outer biasing bars of the pairs of inner and outer biasing bars extends longitudinally and is translatable in a direction parallel to the first longitudinal axis. 4. The joint assembly according to claim 3, wherein each of the inner and outer biasing bars of the pairs of inner and outer biasing bars is operably associated with a respective biasing member that is configured to urge the associated biasing bar through the first hinge. 5. The joint assembly according to claim 4, wherein the joint cover includes a first cover portion and a second cover portion and the joint assembly further comprises a second ring pivotally coupled to the second cover portion of the joint cover about a third pivot axis and a second hinge pivotally coupled to the second ring about a fourth pivot axis orthogonal to the third pivot axis, the third and fourth pivot axes intersecting at a second joint center spaced from the first joint center, wherein the cover axis of the joint cover is defined between the first and second joint centers. 6. The joint assembly according to claim 5, wherein in an aligned configuration of the second hinge, a second longitudinal axis is aligned with the cover axis and the first longitudinal axis, the second longitudinal axis passing through the second joint center and extending through the center of the second hinge. 7. The joint assembly according to claim 6, wherein in a first articulated configuration of the joint assembly, the second longitudinal axis is articulated relative to the cover axis with the joint cover in the aligned configuration and in a second articulated configuration of the joint assembly, the second longitudinal axis is articulated relative to the cover axis and the cover axis is articulated relative to the first longitudinal axis. 8. The joint assembly according to claim 7, wherein the biasing mechanism is configured to maintain the joint assembly in the first articulated configuration until the second longitudinal axis is articulated to a maximum angle of articulation relative to the cover axis. 9. The joint assembly according to claim 8, wherein the maximum angle of articulation is in a range of 15° to 45°. 10. The joint assembly according to claim 5, further comprising:
a first drive shaft extending through the first hinge; a joint body having a first body portion and a second body portion, the first body portion being rotatably disposed within the first cover portion and rotatably and pivotally coupled to the first drive shaft, the second body portion being rotatably disposed within the second cover portion; and a second drive shaft extending through the second hinge, the second drive shaft rotatably and pivotally coupled to the second body portion. 11. The joint assembly according to claim 10, wherein a drive ball of the first drive shaft is disposed within the first body portion. 12. The joint assembly according to claim 11, wherein the first drive shaft is rotatably disposed along the first longitudinal axis, the drive ball defining a center channel orthogonal to the first longitudinal axis and arced slots in a plane aligned with the first longitudinal axis and bisecting the center channel. 13. The joint assembly according to claim 12, further comprising:
a center pin disposed within the center channel and defining a pin opening orthogonal to a central longitudinal axis of the center pin; and a shaft pin disposed within the pin opening and the arced slots to rotatably couple the joint body to the first drive shaft. 14. The joint assembly according to claim 13, wherein the arced slots and the shaft pin cooperate to limit articulation between the first drive shaft and the joint body. 15. The joint assembly according to claim 10, wherein the second drive shaft further includes a receiver, the receiver being rotatably disposed within the second cover portion and receiving the second body portion. 16. The joint assembly according to claim 15, wherein the cover axis passes through the first and second joint centers, the second body portion defining a center channel orthogonal to the cover axis and arced slots in a plane aligned with the cover axis and bisecting the center channel. 17. The joint assembly according to claim 16, wherein the joint body is rotatable along the cover axis. 18. The joint assembly according to claim 17, further comprising:
a center pin disposed within the center channel and defining a pin opening that is orthogonal to a central longitudinal axis of the center pin; and a shaft pin disposed within the pin opening and the arced slots to rotatably couple the joint body to the second drive shaft. 19. The joint assembly according to claim 18, wherein the arced slots and the shaft pin cooperate to limit articulation between the joint body and the second drive shaft. 20. An adapter comprising:
a proximal portion; an elongate portion extending from the proximal portion and defining a first longitudinal axis; and a distal portion including a joint assembly supported by the elongate portion, the joint assembly having:
a first hinge disposed along the first longitudinal axis and positioned at a distal end of the elongate portion;
a first ring pivotally coupled to the first hinge about a first pivot axis orthogonal to and intersecting the first longitudinal axis;
a joint cover pivotally coupled to the first hinge about a second pivot axis orthogonal to and intersecting the first pivot axis and the first longitudinal axis, the first and second pivot axes intersecting the first longitudinal axis at a first joint center; and
a biasing mechanism operatively associated with the joint cover to bias the joint cover towards an aligned configuration in which the cover axis is aligned with the first longitudinal axis. | A joint assembly of an adapter defines a first longitudinal axis and includes first and second hinges, first and second rings, a joint cover, and a biasing mechanism. The joint cover has first and second cover portions. The first ring is pivotally coupled to the first hinge and the first cover portion is pivotally coupled to the first hinge to define a first joint center. The second ring is pivotally coupled to the second cover portion and the second hinge is pivotally coupled to the second ring to define a second joint center that is spaced from the first joint center. The first and second joint centers define a cover axis of the joint cover. The biasing mechanism is engaged with the first ring and the joint cover to bias the joint cover towards an aligned configuration in which the cover axis is aligned with the first longitudinal axis.1. A joint assembly comprising:
a proximal joint housing having a distal portion and defining a first longitudinal axis, the proximal joint housing including a first hinge positioned on the distal portion; a first ring pivotally coupled to the first hinge about a first pivot axis orthogonal to and intersecting the first longitudinal axis; a joint cover pivotally coupled to the first hinge about a second pivot axis orthogonal to and intersecting the first pivot axis and the first longitudinal axis, the first and second pivot axes intersecting the first longitudinal axis at a first joint center, the joint cover defining a cover axis extending longitudinally therethrough; and a biasing mechanism operatively associated with the joint cover to bias the joint cover towards an aligned configuration in which the cover axis is aligned with the first longitudinal axis. 2. The joint assembly according to claim 1, wherein the biasing mechanism includes a pair of inner biasing bars and a pair of outer biasing bars, the pair of inner biasing bars engaged with the first cover portion of the joint cover and the pair of outer biasing bars engaged with the first ring. 3. The joint assembly according to claim 2, wherein each of the inner and outer biasing bars of the pairs of inner and outer biasing bars extends longitudinally and is translatable in a direction parallel to the first longitudinal axis. 4. The joint assembly according to claim 3, wherein each of the inner and outer biasing bars of the pairs of inner and outer biasing bars is operably associated with a respective biasing member that is configured to urge the associated biasing bar through the first hinge. 5. The joint assembly according to claim 4, wherein the joint cover includes a first cover portion and a second cover portion and the joint assembly further comprises a second ring pivotally coupled to the second cover portion of the joint cover about a third pivot axis and a second hinge pivotally coupled to the second ring about a fourth pivot axis orthogonal to the third pivot axis, the third and fourth pivot axes intersecting at a second joint center spaced from the first joint center, wherein the cover axis of the joint cover is defined between the first and second joint centers. 6. The joint assembly according to claim 5, wherein in an aligned configuration of the second hinge, a second longitudinal axis is aligned with the cover axis and the first longitudinal axis, the second longitudinal axis passing through the second joint center and extending through the center of the second hinge. 7. The joint assembly according to claim 6, wherein in a first articulated configuration of the joint assembly, the second longitudinal axis is articulated relative to the cover axis with the joint cover in the aligned configuration and in a second articulated configuration of the joint assembly, the second longitudinal axis is articulated relative to the cover axis and the cover axis is articulated relative to the first longitudinal axis. 8. The joint assembly according to claim 7, wherein the biasing mechanism is configured to maintain the joint assembly in the first articulated configuration until the second longitudinal axis is articulated to a maximum angle of articulation relative to the cover axis. 9. The joint assembly according to claim 8, wherein the maximum angle of articulation is in a range of 15° to 45°. 10. The joint assembly according to claim 5, further comprising:
a first drive shaft extending through the first hinge; a joint body having a first body portion and a second body portion, the first body portion being rotatably disposed within the first cover portion and rotatably and pivotally coupled to the first drive shaft, the second body portion being rotatably disposed within the second cover portion; and a second drive shaft extending through the second hinge, the second drive shaft rotatably and pivotally coupled to the second body portion. 11. The joint assembly according to claim 10, wherein a drive ball of the first drive shaft is disposed within the first body portion. 12. The joint assembly according to claim 11, wherein the first drive shaft is rotatably disposed along the first longitudinal axis, the drive ball defining a center channel orthogonal to the first longitudinal axis and arced slots in a plane aligned with the first longitudinal axis and bisecting the center channel. 13. The joint assembly according to claim 12, further comprising:
a center pin disposed within the center channel and defining a pin opening orthogonal to a central longitudinal axis of the center pin; and a shaft pin disposed within the pin opening and the arced slots to rotatably couple the joint body to the first drive shaft. 14. The joint assembly according to claim 13, wherein the arced slots and the shaft pin cooperate to limit articulation between the first drive shaft and the joint body. 15. The joint assembly according to claim 10, wherein the second drive shaft further includes a receiver, the receiver being rotatably disposed within the second cover portion and receiving the second body portion. 16. The joint assembly according to claim 15, wherein the cover axis passes through the first and second joint centers, the second body portion defining a center channel orthogonal to the cover axis and arced slots in a plane aligned with the cover axis and bisecting the center channel. 17. The joint assembly according to claim 16, wherein the joint body is rotatable along the cover axis. 18. The joint assembly according to claim 17, further comprising:
a center pin disposed within the center channel and defining a pin opening that is orthogonal to a central longitudinal axis of the center pin; and a shaft pin disposed within the pin opening and the arced slots to rotatably couple the joint body to the second drive shaft. 19. The joint assembly according to claim 18, wherein the arced slots and the shaft pin cooperate to limit articulation between the joint body and the second drive shaft. 20. An adapter comprising:
a proximal portion; an elongate portion extending from the proximal portion and defining a first longitudinal axis; and a distal portion including a joint assembly supported by the elongate portion, the joint assembly having:
a first hinge disposed along the first longitudinal axis and positioned at a distal end of the elongate portion;
a first ring pivotally coupled to the first hinge about a first pivot axis orthogonal to and intersecting the first longitudinal axis;
a joint cover pivotally coupled to the first hinge about a second pivot axis orthogonal to and intersecting the first pivot axis and the first longitudinal axis, the first and second pivot axes intersecting the first longitudinal axis at a first joint center; and
a biasing mechanism operatively associated with the joint cover to bias the joint cover towards an aligned configuration in which the cover axis is aligned with the first longitudinal axis. | 2,400 |
349,583 | 350,457 | 16,854,162 | 2,452 | System and method for improving the shaving experience by providing improved visibility of the skin shaving area. A digital camera is integrated with the electric shaver for close image capturing of shaving area, and displaying it on a display unit. The display unit can be integral part of the electric shaver casing, or housed in a separated device which receives the image via a communication channel. The communication channel can be wireless (using radio, audio or light) or wired, such as dedicated cabling or using powerline communication. A light source is used to better illuminate the shaving area. Video compression and digital image processing techniques are used for providing for improved shaving results. The wired communication medium can simultaneously be used also for carrying power from the electric shaver assembly to the display unit, or from the display unit to the electric shaver. | 1. A handheld device for capturing and displaying images and for identifying and marking of an element that is part of a human body, for use with a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), the device comprising:
a first camera for capturing a first image via a first optical lens that focus received light; a second camera for capturing a second image via a second optical lens that focus received light; an image processor coupled to the cameras for receiving and processing the first and second captured images; a display coupled to the cameras and having a flat screen for visually displaying the first and second captured images; a WPAN antenna for coupling to the WPAN; a WPAN transmitter coupled between the WPAN antenna and the cameras for transmitting the first and second captured images to the WPAN; a rechargeable battery connected to power the cameras, the image processor, the WPAN transmitter, and the display; and a single portable and handheld casing housing the cameras, the image processor, the WPAN antenna, the WPAN transmitter, and the display, wherein the casing comprises two opposed first and second exterior surfaces, wherein the first optical lens is attached to the first surface and the second optical lens is attached to the second surface, wherein the image processor is operative to identify the element in the first captured image, wherein the display is coupled to the image processor for displaying the first captured image and the marking of the identified element in the first captured image, and wherein the display is coupled to the cameras for displaying on the screen the first and second captured images. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the WPAN substantially conform to, or based on, ZigBee according to IEEE 802.15.4 standard, Bluetooth according to IEEE 802.15.1 standard, or UWB (Ultra-WideBand) according to IEEE 802.15.3 standard. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the WPAN is using an unlicensed frequency band. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first camera is operative for capturing an image in a non-visible spectrum that is in an infrared or ultraviolet spectrum. 5. The device according to claim 1, further comprising in the casing an electric motor powered by the rechargeable battery. 6. The device according to claim 1, further operative for body care of the human body part. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the body part is a human skin and the body care consists of hair removal, and the device further comprising in the casing a shaver for removing hair from the human skin. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the shaver is an electrically operated shaver that comprises an electric motor and a cutter driven by the electric motor. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the image processor is operative to identify plurality of elements in the first captured image. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the image processor is operative to the identify plurality of elements in the first captured image by using pattern recognition. 11. The device according to claim 9, wherein the display is coupled to the image processor for displaying the identified elements as marked. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the human body part comprises part of a human skin. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the image processor is operative to identify individual hairs or a hairy area in at least one of the captured images. 14. The device according to claim 1, wherein the flat screen is LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or TFT (Thin-Film Transistor) based. 15. The device according to claim 1, wherein the display is housed in the single handheld casing or attached thereto. 16. The device according to claim 1, wherein the display is foldable. 17. The device according to claim 1, wherein the image processor comprises software and a processor for executing the software, and wherein the image processor is further operative for at least one out of: adjusting color balance, gamma or luminance; filtering pattern noise; filtering noise using Wiener filter; zooming; changing zoom factors; recropping; applying enhancement filters; applying smoothing filters; applying subject-dependent filters; applying coordinate transformations; and applying mathematical algorithms to generate greater pixel density, adjusting color balance, contrast, luminance, and any combination thereof. 18. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a light source in the casing for providing an illumination. 19. The device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second cameras comprises a respective photosensitive image sensor array disposed approximately at an image focal point plane of the respective optical lenses, and wherein the photosensitive image sensor is based on Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD) or Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS). 20. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first camera is a video camera for producing video data according to a digital video format that comprises the first captured image, wherein WPAN transmitter is operative for transmitting the video data to the WPAN. 21. The device according to claim 20, wherein the digital video format is according to, or based on, one out of: TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), RAW format, AVI, DV, MOV, WMV, MP4, DCF (Design Rule for Camera Format), ITU-T H.261, ITU-T H.263, ITU-T H.264, ITU-T CCIR 601, ASF, Exif (Exchangeable Image File Format), and DP*OF (Digital Print Order Format) standards. 22. The device according to claim 1, wherein the display is coupled to the first camera for displaying the first captured image, and wherein the device further comprises in the casing a second display coupled to the second camera for displaying the second captured image. 23. The device according to claim 1, wherein the display is coupled to the cameras for displaying, one at a time, at least part of the first captured image and at least part of the second captured image, or wherein the display is coupled to the cameras for simultaneously displaying on the screen at least part of the first captured image and at least part of the second captured image, at different locations on the screen. 24. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a multiplexer coupled between the cameras and the WPAN transmitter for producing a multiplexed signal that comprises the first and second captured images and for transmitting the multiplexed signal to the WPAN by the WPAN transmitter. 25. The device according to claim 24, wherein the multiplexer is an FDM (Frequency Domain/Division Multiplexing) multiplexer, whereby the first and second captured images are respectively carried over distinct first and second frequency bands, and wherein the FDM multiplexer further comprising a first filter for substantially passing only the first frequency band and a second filter for substantially passing only the second frequency band. 26. The device according to claim 24, wherein the multiplexer is a TDM (Time Domain/Division Multiplexing) multiplexer. 27. The device according to claim 1, further operative to compress the first and second captured images, the device further comprising a video compressor coupled between the cameras and the WPAN transmitter for compressing the first and second captured images. 28. The device according to claim 27, wherein the compression is based on intraframe compression, and wherein the compression is lossy. 29. The device according to claim 27, wherein the compression is based on interframe compression, and wherein the compression is non-lossy. 30. The device according to claim 27, wherein the compression is according to, or based on, a standard compression algorithm which is one out of: JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) and MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), ITU-T H.261, ITU-T H.263, ITU-T H.264, and ITU-T CCIR 601. | System and method for improving the shaving experience by providing improved visibility of the skin shaving area. A digital camera is integrated with the electric shaver for close image capturing of shaving area, and displaying it on a display unit. The display unit can be integral part of the electric shaver casing, or housed in a separated device which receives the image via a communication channel. The communication channel can be wireless (using radio, audio or light) or wired, such as dedicated cabling or using powerline communication. A light source is used to better illuminate the shaving area. Video compression and digital image processing techniques are used for providing for improved shaving results. The wired communication medium can simultaneously be used also for carrying power from the electric shaver assembly to the display unit, or from the display unit to the electric shaver.1. A handheld device for capturing and displaying images and for identifying and marking of an element that is part of a human body, for use with a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), the device comprising:
a first camera for capturing a first image via a first optical lens that focus received light; a second camera for capturing a second image via a second optical lens that focus received light; an image processor coupled to the cameras for receiving and processing the first and second captured images; a display coupled to the cameras and having a flat screen for visually displaying the first and second captured images; a WPAN antenna for coupling to the WPAN; a WPAN transmitter coupled between the WPAN antenna and the cameras for transmitting the first and second captured images to the WPAN; a rechargeable battery connected to power the cameras, the image processor, the WPAN transmitter, and the display; and a single portable and handheld casing housing the cameras, the image processor, the WPAN antenna, the WPAN transmitter, and the display, wherein the casing comprises two opposed first and second exterior surfaces, wherein the first optical lens is attached to the first surface and the second optical lens is attached to the second surface, wherein the image processor is operative to identify the element in the first captured image, wherein the display is coupled to the image processor for displaying the first captured image and the marking of the identified element in the first captured image, and wherein the display is coupled to the cameras for displaying on the screen the first and second captured images. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the WPAN substantially conform to, or based on, ZigBee according to IEEE 802.15.4 standard, Bluetooth according to IEEE 802.15.1 standard, or UWB (Ultra-WideBand) according to IEEE 802.15.3 standard. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the WPAN is using an unlicensed frequency band. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first camera is operative for capturing an image in a non-visible spectrum that is in an infrared or ultraviolet spectrum. 5. The device according to claim 1, further comprising in the casing an electric motor powered by the rechargeable battery. 6. The device according to claim 1, further operative for body care of the human body part. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the body part is a human skin and the body care consists of hair removal, and the device further comprising in the casing a shaver for removing hair from the human skin. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the shaver is an electrically operated shaver that comprises an electric motor and a cutter driven by the electric motor. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the image processor is operative to identify plurality of elements in the first captured image. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the image processor is operative to the identify plurality of elements in the first captured image by using pattern recognition. 11. The device according to claim 9, wherein the display is coupled to the image processor for displaying the identified elements as marked. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the human body part comprises part of a human skin. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the image processor is operative to identify individual hairs or a hairy area in at least one of the captured images. 14. The device according to claim 1, wherein the flat screen is LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or TFT (Thin-Film Transistor) based. 15. The device according to claim 1, wherein the display is housed in the single handheld casing or attached thereto. 16. The device according to claim 1, wherein the display is foldable. 17. The device according to claim 1, wherein the image processor comprises software and a processor for executing the software, and wherein the image processor is further operative for at least one out of: adjusting color balance, gamma or luminance; filtering pattern noise; filtering noise using Wiener filter; zooming; changing zoom factors; recropping; applying enhancement filters; applying smoothing filters; applying subject-dependent filters; applying coordinate transformations; and applying mathematical algorithms to generate greater pixel density, adjusting color balance, contrast, luminance, and any combination thereof. 18. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a light source in the casing for providing an illumination. 19. The device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second cameras comprises a respective photosensitive image sensor array disposed approximately at an image focal point plane of the respective optical lenses, and wherein the photosensitive image sensor is based on Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD) or Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS). 20. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first camera is a video camera for producing video data according to a digital video format that comprises the first captured image, wherein WPAN transmitter is operative for transmitting the video data to the WPAN. 21. The device according to claim 20, wherein the digital video format is according to, or based on, one out of: TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), RAW format, AVI, DV, MOV, WMV, MP4, DCF (Design Rule for Camera Format), ITU-T H.261, ITU-T H.263, ITU-T H.264, ITU-T CCIR 601, ASF, Exif (Exchangeable Image File Format), and DP*OF (Digital Print Order Format) standards. 22. The device according to claim 1, wherein the display is coupled to the first camera for displaying the first captured image, and wherein the device further comprises in the casing a second display coupled to the second camera for displaying the second captured image. 23. The device according to claim 1, wherein the display is coupled to the cameras for displaying, one at a time, at least part of the first captured image and at least part of the second captured image, or wherein the display is coupled to the cameras for simultaneously displaying on the screen at least part of the first captured image and at least part of the second captured image, at different locations on the screen. 24. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a multiplexer coupled between the cameras and the WPAN transmitter for producing a multiplexed signal that comprises the first and second captured images and for transmitting the multiplexed signal to the WPAN by the WPAN transmitter. 25. The device according to claim 24, wherein the multiplexer is an FDM (Frequency Domain/Division Multiplexing) multiplexer, whereby the first and second captured images are respectively carried over distinct first and second frequency bands, and wherein the FDM multiplexer further comprising a first filter for substantially passing only the first frequency band and a second filter for substantially passing only the second frequency band. 26. The device according to claim 24, wherein the multiplexer is a TDM (Time Domain/Division Multiplexing) multiplexer. 27. The device according to claim 1, further operative to compress the first and second captured images, the device further comprising a video compressor coupled between the cameras and the WPAN transmitter for compressing the first and second captured images. 28. The device according to claim 27, wherein the compression is based on intraframe compression, and wherein the compression is lossy. 29. The device according to claim 27, wherein the compression is based on interframe compression, and wherein the compression is non-lossy. 30. The device according to claim 27, wherein the compression is according to, or based on, a standard compression algorithm which is one out of: JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) and MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), ITU-T H.261, ITU-T H.263, ITU-T H.264, and ITU-T CCIR 601. | 2,400 |
349,584 | 350,458 | 16,854,187 | 2,452 | A garment is provided in various styles and fits that includes an accessory pocket configured to comfortably accommodate and retain accessories, such as meditation crystals or stones in discrete pockets strategically placed at chakra locations within the garment. The accessory pocket comprises an elastic pocket opening in the garment fabric. The elastic pocket opening provides access to a pocket bag, dimensioned to accommodate an accessory, such as a chakra crystal. A color strip is implemented interior to the pocket and at least partially visible from an exterior of the pocket, corresponds to the accessory, e.g., indicates a particular chakra crystal that is appropriate to the particular pocket location. Particular chakra crystal pocket locations are selected to place chakra crystals in chakra locations corresponding to at least one of seven chakra locations. | 1. A garment, comprising:
a garment panel forming a portion of the garment; an accessory pocket located at a selected location on the garment panel, the accessory pocket including an elastic pocket opening in the garment fabric, the elastic pocket opening providing access to a pocket bag, and a color strip in an interior to the accessory pocket and at least partially visible from an exterior of the accessory pocket, wherein the color strip indicates a particular accessory that corresponds to the selected location on the garment panel. 2. The garment of claim 1, wherein the elastic pocket opening is a silicone slit in the garment fabric. 3. The garment of claim 1, wherein the elastic pocket opening provides access to a pocket bag that is dimensioned to accommodate a chakra crystal. 4. The garment of claim 3, wherein chakra crystal pocket locations are selected to place chakra crystals in chakra locations corresponding to at least one of seven chakra glands. 5. The garment of claim 4, wherein chakra crystal pockets are located proximate to at least one of the seven chakra glands, including a Root chakra crystal pocket proximate to prostate skene gland, a Sacral chakra crystal pocket proximate to ovaries/testis (Gonads), a Solar chakra crystal pocket proximate to pancreas/adrenal gland, a Heart chakra crystal pocket proximate to the thymus gland, a Throat chakra crystal pocket proximate to the thyroid gland, a Brow chakra crystal pocket proximate to pituitary gland, and a Crown chakra crystal pocket proximate to pineal gland. 6. The garment of claim 4, wherein the color strips correspond to colors of chakra crystals. 7. A pocket for attaching to an article comprising:
an outer shell fabric forming a shape of the pocket; a flexible material adhered to a side of the outer shell fabric; and a pocket slit defining an aperture between the flexible material and the side of the outer shell fabric. 8. The pocket of claim 7 further comprising an adhesive configured to adhere the pocket as a patch to an item in a practitioner's possession. 9. The pocket of claim 7 wherein the pocket is dimensioned to accommodate at least one personal belonging. 10. A pocket for containing a chakra crystal comprising:
an outer shell fabric forming a shape of the pocket; a flexible material adhered to a side of the outer shell fabric; a pocket slit defining an aperture between the flexible material and the side of the outer shell fabric; and an adhesive disposed on a second side of the outer shell fabric opposite the aperture. 11. The pocket of claim 10 wherein the pocket is configured to be adhered to a garment. 12. The pocket of claim 10 wherein the pocket is configured to be adhered to a practitioner. 13. The pocket of claim 10 further comprising a color specific to a chakra crystal disposed on an interior of the pocket. 14. The pocket of claim 10 wherein the pocket is dimensioned to accommodate at least one personal belonging. 15. The pocket of claim 10 further comprising a film frame disposed between the outer shell fabric and the flexible material. | A garment is provided in various styles and fits that includes an accessory pocket configured to comfortably accommodate and retain accessories, such as meditation crystals or stones in discrete pockets strategically placed at chakra locations within the garment. The accessory pocket comprises an elastic pocket opening in the garment fabric. The elastic pocket opening provides access to a pocket bag, dimensioned to accommodate an accessory, such as a chakra crystal. A color strip is implemented interior to the pocket and at least partially visible from an exterior of the pocket, corresponds to the accessory, e.g., indicates a particular chakra crystal that is appropriate to the particular pocket location. Particular chakra crystal pocket locations are selected to place chakra crystals in chakra locations corresponding to at least one of seven chakra locations.1. A garment, comprising:
a garment panel forming a portion of the garment; an accessory pocket located at a selected location on the garment panel, the accessory pocket including an elastic pocket opening in the garment fabric, the elastic pocket opening providing access to a pocket bag, and a color strip in an interior to the accessory pocket and at least partially visible from an exterior of the accessory pocket, wherein the color strip indicates a particular accessory that corresponds to the selected location on the garment panel. 2. The garment of claim 1, wherein the elastic pocket opening is a silicone slit in the garment fabric. 3. The garment of claim 1, wherein the elastic pocket opening provides access to a pocket bag that is dimensioned to accommodate a chakra crystal. 4. The garment of claim 3, wherein chakra crystal pocket locations are selected to place chakra crystals in chakra locations corresponding to at least one of seven chakra glands. 5. The garment of claim 4, wherein chakra crystal pockets are located proximate to at least one of the seven chakra glands, including a Root chakra crystal pocket proximate to prostate skene gland, a Sacral chakra crystal pocket proximate to ovaries/testis (Gonads), a Solar chakra crystal pocket proximate to pancreas/adrenal gland, a Heart chakra crystal pocket proximate to the thymus gland, a Throat chakra crystal pocket proximate to the thyroid gland, a Brow chakra crystal pocket proximate to pituitary gland, and a Crown chakra crystal pocket proximate to pineal gland. 6. The garment of claim 4, wherein the color strips correspond to colors of chakra crystals. 7. A pocket for attaching to an article comprising:
an outer shell fabric forming a shape of the pocket; a flexible material adhered to a side of the outer shell fabric; and a pocket slit defining an aperture between the flexible material and the side of the outer shell fabric. 8. The pocket of claim 7 further comprising an adhesive configured to adhere the pocket as a patch to an item in a practitioner's possession. 9. The pocket of claim 7 wherein the pocket is dimensioned to accommodate at least one personal belonging. 10. A pocket for containing a chakra crystal comprising:
an outer shell fabric forming a shape of the pocket; a flexible material adhered to a side of the outer shell fabric; a pocket slit defining an aperture between the flexible material and the side of the outer shell fabric; and an adhesive disposed on a second side of the outer shell fabric opposite the aperture. 11. The pocket of claim 10 wherein the pocket is configured to be adhered to a garment. 12. The pocket of claim 10 wherein the pocket is configured to be adhered to a practitioner. 13. The pocket of claim 10 further comprising a color specific to a chakra crystal disposed on an interior of the pocket. 14. The pocket of claim 10 wherein the pocket is dimensioned to accommodate at least one personal belonging. 15. The pocket of claim 10 further comprising a film frame disposed between the outer shell fabric and the flexible material. | 2,400 |
349,585 | 350,459 | 16,854,185 | 2,452 | A multi-function biometric scanner is provided. The multi-function biometric scanner includes a housing that includes a dome-shaped or semi-dome shaped user interface, the user interface including a capacitive film for fingerprint capture that is disposed along an outer-surface of the housing and a plurality of biometric sensors that are disposed within the housing and that are configured to concurrently retrieve a plurality of biometrics from a user, each sensor being configured to measure a respective biometric of the plurality of biometrics. Fingerprints and the plurality of biometrics are compared to threat information in one or more threat databases to identify a person of interest. | 1. A multi-function biometric scanner comprising:
a housing that includes a dome-shaped or semi-dome shaped user interface, the user interface including a capacitive film for fingerprint capture that is disposed along an outer-surface of the housing; and a plurality of biometric sensors that are disposed within the housing and that are configured to concurrently retrieve a plurality of biometrics from a user, each sensor being configured to measure a respective biometric of the plurality of biometrics, wherein the plurality of biometrics are compared to identifying information that is stored in one or more databases. | A multi-function biometric scanner is provided. The multi-function biometric scanner includes a housing that includes a dome-shaped or semi-dome shaped user interface, the user interface including a capacitive film for fingerprint capture that is disposed along an outer-surface of the housing and a plurality of biometric sensors that are disposed within the housing and that are configured to concurrently retrieve a plurality of biometrics from a user, each sensor being configured to measure a respective biometric of the plurality of biometrics. Fingerprints and the plurality of biometrics are compared to threat information in one or more threat databases to identify a person of interest.1. A multi-function biometric scanner comprising:
a housing that includes a dome-shaped or semi-dome shaped user interface, the user interface including a capacitive film for fingerprint capture that is disposed along an outer-surface of the housing; and a plurality of biometric sensors that are disposed within the housing and that are configured to concurrently retrieve a plurality of biometrics from a user, each sensor being configured to measure a respective biometric of the plurality of biometrics, wherein the plurality of biometrics are compared to identifying information that is stored in one or more databases. | 2,400 |
349,586 | 350,460 | 16,854,189 | 2,452 | Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes gate electrodes on a substrate and stacked perpendicularly to an upper surface of the substrate. The semiconductor device includes interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked with the gate electrodes. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes channel structures passing through the gate electrodes. Each of the channel structures includes a channel layer extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, a tunneling insulating layer on the channel layer, charge storage layers on the tunneling insulating layer in respective regions between the gate electrodes and a side surface of the tunneling insulating layer, and first blocking insulating layers on the charge storage layers, respectively. A first layer of the first blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface of a first layer of the charge storage layers. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
gate electrodes spaced apart from each other on a substrate and stacked perpendicularly to an upper surface of the substrate; interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked with the gate electrodes on the substrate; and channel structures passing through the gate electrodes and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, wherein each of the channel structures comprises a channel layer extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, a tunneling insulating layer on the channel layer and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, charge storage layers on the tunneling insulating layer in respective regions between the gate electrodes and a side surface of the tunneling insulating layer, and first blocking insulating layers on the charge storage layers, respectively, wherein a first layer of the first blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface and a lower surface of a first layer of the charge storage layers, and is further on a side surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers facing a first electrode of the gate electrodes, and wherein a height of each of the charge storage layers is less than a distance between a pair of the interlayer insulating layers that are adjacent to each other, in a first direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the charge storage layers is surrounded by the tunneling insulating layer and a respective one of the first blocking insulating layers. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first blocking insulating layers are in contact with the tunneling insulating layer and do not extend vertically on side surfaces of the interlayer insulating layers. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising second blocking insulating layers on the gate electrodes, respectively,
wherein a first layer of the second blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface of the first electrode of the gate electrodes, and has an upper surface and a lower surface that are substantially coplanar with an upper surface and a lower surface, respectively, of the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein side surfaces of the second blocking insulating layers are in contact with side surfaces of the first blocking insulating layers. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the first blocking insulating layers include silicon oxide, and the second blocking insulating layers include aluminum oxide. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of each of the charge storage layers in a second direction parallel to the upper surface of the substrate is in a range from about 4 nanometers (nm) to about 6 nm. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers has a first thickness that is on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers, and a second thickness that is on the side surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers and is greater than the first thickness. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the charge storage layers has a recessed portion contacting the tunneling insulating layer. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the charge storage layers comprise protruding portions that protrude horizontally beyond side surfaces of the interlayer insulating layers toward the channel layer. 11. (canceled) 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first blocking insulating layers extend between the interlayer insulating layers and the gate electrodes. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, further comprising a third blocking insulating layer between the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers and the first layer of the charge storage layers. 14. (canceled) 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one conductive layer on the substrate, below the gate electrodes and the interlayer insulating layers, and in contact with the channel layer. 16. A semiconductor device comprising:
gate electrodes spaced apart from each other on a substrate and stacked perpendicularly to an upper surface of the substrate; interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked with the gate electrodes on the substrate; and channel structures passing through the gate electrodes and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, wherein each of the channel structures comprises a tunneling insulating layer and a channel layer extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, and charge storage layers and blocking insulating layers on side surfaces of the gate electrodes and between the side surfaces of the gate electrodes and the tunneling insulating layer, wherein a first layer of the charge storage layers and a first layer of the blocking insulating layers are separated from a second layer of the charge storage layers and a second layer of the blocking insulating layers by a first layer of the interlayer insulating layers, wherein the blocking insulating layers, together with the tunneling insulating layer, completely surround the charge storage layers, respectively, and wherein upper and lower surfaces of the blocking insulating layers are in contact with the interlayer insulating layers. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the interlayer insulating layers have substantially planar upper and lower surfaces. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein a height of each of the charge storage layers is less than a distance between a pair of the interlayer insulating layers that are adjacent to each other, in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the charge storage layers are between the interlayer insulating layers to overlap the interlayer insulating layers, in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. A semiconductor device comprising:
gate electrodes spaced apart from each other on a substrate and stacked perpendicularly to an upper surface of the substrate; interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked with the gate electrodes on the substrate; a channel layer passing through the gate electrodes and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate; a tunneling insulating layer between side surfaces of the interlayer insulating layers and the channel layer and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate; charge storage layers between the gate electrodes, respectively, and the tunneling insulating layer, wherein a first layer of the charge storage layers is between a side surface of a first electrode of the gate electrodes and a side surface of the tunneling insulating layer, and between a pair of the interlayer insulating layers that are adjacent to each other in a vertical direction; first blocking insulating layers on the charge storage layers, respectively, wherein a first layer of the first blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface and a lower surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers and on a side surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers facing the side surface of the first electrode of the gate electrodes, and between the pair of the interlayer insulating layers that are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction; and second blocking insulating layers on the gate electrodes, respectively, wherein a first layer of the second blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface, a lower surface, and the side surface of the first electrode of the gate electrodes, and has an upper surface substantially coplanar with an upper surface of the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers. 23. (canceled) 24. The semiconductor device according to claim 22, wherein the side surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers is convex toward the first electrode of the gate electrodes. 25. The semiconductor device according to claim 22, wherein a side surface of the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers facing the side surface of the first electrode of the gate electrodes has a convex rounded shape toward the first electrode of the gate electrodes, and a side surface of the first layer of the second blocking insulating layers facing the channel layer has a shape concavely rounded toward the channel layer. | Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes gate electrodes on a substrate and stacked perpendicularly to an upper surface of the substrate. The semiconductor device includes interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked with the gate electrodes. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes channel structures passing through the gate electrodes. Each of the channel structures includes a channel layer extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, a tunneling insulating layer on the channel layer, charge storage layers on the tunneling insulating layer in respective regions between the gate electrodes and a side surface of the tunneling insulating layer, and first blocking insulating layers on the charge storage layers, respectively. A first layer of the first blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface of a first layer of the charge storage layers.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
gate electrodes spaced apart from each other on a substrate and stacked perpendicularly to an upper surface of the substrate; interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked with the gate electrodes on the substrate; and channel structures passing through the gate electrodes and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, wherein each of the channel structures comprises a channel layer extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, a tunneling insulating layer on the channel layer and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, charge storage layers on the tunneling insulating layer in respective regions between the gate electrodes and a side surface of the tunneling insulating layer, and first blocking insulating layers on the charge storage layers, respectively, wherein a first layer of the first blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface and a lower surface of a first layer of the charge storage layers, and is further on a side surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers facing a first electrode of the gate electrodes, and wherein a height of each of the charge storage layers is less than a distance between a pair of the interlayer insulating layers that are adjacent to each other, in a first direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the charge storage layers is surrounded by the tunneling insulating layer and a respective one of the first blocking insulating layers. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first blocking insulating layers are in contact with the tunneling insulating layer and do not extend vertically on side surfaces of the interlayer insulating layers. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising second blocking insulating layers on the gate electrodes, respectively,
wherein a first layer of the second blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface of the first electrode of the gate electrodes, and has an upper surface and a lower surface that are substantially coplanar with an upper surface and a lower surface, respectively, of the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein side surfaces of the second blocking insulating layers are in contact with side surfaces of the first blocking insulating layers. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the first blocking insulating layers include silicon oxide, and the second blocking insulating layers include aluminum oxide. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of each of the charge storage layers in a second direction parallel to the upper surface of the substrate is in a range from about 4 nanometers (nm) to about 6 nm. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers has a first thickness that is on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers, and a second thickness that is on the side surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers and is greater than the first thickness. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the charge storage layers has a recessed portion contacting the tunneling insulating layer. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the charge storage layers comprise protruding portions that protrude horizontally beyond side surfaces of the interlayer insulating layers toward the channel layer. 11. (canceled) 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first blocking insulating layers extend between the interlayer insulating layers and the gate electrodes. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, further comprising a third blocking insulating layer between the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers and the first layer of the charge storage layers. 14. (canceled) 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising at least one conductive layer on the substrate, below the gate electrodes and the interlayer insulating layers, and in contact with the channel layer. 16. A semiconductor device comprising:
gate electrodes spaced apart from each other on a substrate and stacked perpendicularly to an upper surface of the substrate; interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked with the gate electrodes on the substrate; and channel structures passing through the gate electrodes and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, wherein each of the channel structures comprises a tunneling insulating layer and a channel layer extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate, and charge storage layers and blocking insulating layers on side surfaces of the gate electrodes and between the side surfaces of the gate electrodes and the tunneling insulating layer, wherein a first layer of the charge storage layers and a first layer of the blocking insulating layers are separated from a second layer of the charge storage layers and a second layer of the blocking insulating layers by a first layer of the interlayer insulating layers, wherein the blocking insulating layers, together with the tunneling insulating layer, completely surround the charge storage layers, respectively, and wherein upper and lower surfaces of the blocking insulating layers are in contact with the interlayer insulating layers. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the interlayer insulating layers have substantially planar upper and lower surfaces. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein a height of each of the charge storage layers is less than a distance between a pair of the interlayer insulating layers that are adjacent to each other, in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the charge storage layers are between the interlayer insulating layers to overlap the interlayer insulating layers, in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. 20. (canceled) 21. (canceled) 22. A semiconductor device comprising:
gate electrodes spaced apart from each other on a substrate and stacked perpendicularly to an upper surface of the substrate; interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked with the gate electrodes on the substrate; a channel layer passing through the gate electrodes and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate; a tunneling insulating layer between side surfaces of the interlayer insulating layers and the channel layer and extending perpendicularly to the upper surface of the substrate; charge storage layers between the gate electrodes, respectively, and the tunneling insulating layer, wherein a first layer of the charge storage layers is between a side surface of a first electrode of the gate electrodes and a side surface of the tunneling insulating layer, and between a pair of the interlayer insulating layers that are adjacent to each other in a vertical direction; first blocking insulating layers on the charge storage layers, respectively, wherein a first layer of the first blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface and a lower surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers and on a side surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers facing the side surface of the first electrode of the gate electrodes, and between the pair of the interlayer insulating layers that are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction; and second blocking insulating layers on the gate electrodes, respectively, wherein a first layer of the second blocking insulating layers is on an upper surface, a lower surface, and the side surface of the first electrode of the gate electrodes, and has an upper surface substantially coplanar with an upper surface of the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers. 23. (canceled) 24. The semiconductor device according to claim 22, wherein the side surface of the first layer of the charge storage layers is convex toward the first electrode of the gate electrodes. 25. The semiconductor device according to claim 22, wherein a side surface of the first layer of the first blocking insulating layers facing the side surface of the first electrode of the gate electrodes has a convex rounded shape toward the first electrode of the gate electrodes, and a side surface of the first layer of the second blocking insulating layers facing the channel layer has a shape concavely rounded toward the channel layer. | 2,400 |
349,587 | 350,461 | 16,854,171 | 2,452 | Described are computer-based methods and apparatuses, including computer program products, for facilitating communications initiated through a social networking account. A detected message communicated using a social networking account can be determined to satisfy a response criteria. Code for displaying a communications initiation feature on a customer communications apparatus associated with the social networking account can be transmitted. Selection information representing a selection of the communications initiation feature can be received and can include a parameter associated with the selection and origin information. The selection information can be validated by determining that the selection is associated with the social networking account and by comparing the parameter with a stored credential associated with the communications initiation feature. When the selection is validated, the communications can be facilitated. | 1-2. (canceled) 3. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving data representative of a service request, wherein the data representative of the service request is received as a result of actuation of a link provided to a device associated with a remote user; authenticating the service request, wherein the service request is authenticated based on a comparison of the received data representative of the service request and stored data for the service request, and wherein the stored data defines criteria associated with the link provided to the device; and processing the service request as a result of the service request being successfully authenticated. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limitation on a number of times the link can be actuated prior to expiration of the link. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein processing the service request includes establishing an online chat session with the remote user via the device associated with the remote user. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the link is provided to the device associated with the remote user via a short message service (SMS) message. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein processing the service request includes transmitting a coupon to the device associated with the remote user. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the link is provided to the device associated with the remote user to re-connect the device to a server associated with an agent previously in communication with the remote user. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a time period during which the service request can be processed. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limit on a number of users authorized to submit service requests via actuation of the link. 11. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing thereon instructions that, as a result of being executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
receive data representative of a service request, wherein the data representative of the service request is received as a result of actuation of a link provided to a device associated with a remote user;
authenticate the service request, wherein the service request is authenticated based on a comparison of the received data representative of the service request and stored data for the service request, and wherein the stored data defines criteria associated with the link provided to the device; and
process the service request as a result of the service request being successfully authenticated. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a time period during which the service request can be processed. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the link is provided to the device associated with the remote user to re-connect the device to a server associated with an agent previously in communication with the remote user. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions that cause the system to process the service request further cause the system to transmit a coupon to the device associated with the remote user. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limitation on a number of times the link can be actuated prior to expiration of the link. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limit on a number of users authorized to submit service requests via actuation of the link. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium storing thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by one or more processors of a computer system, cause the computer system to:
receive data representative of a service request, wherein the data representative of the service request is received as a result of actuation of a link provided to a device associated with a remote user; authenticate the service request, wherein the service request is authenticated based on a comparison of the received data representative of the service request and stored data for the service request, and wherein the stored data defines criteria associated with the link provided to the device; and process the service request as a result of the service request being successfully authenticated. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the executable instructions that cause the computer system to process the service request further cause the computer system to transmit a coupon to the device associated with the remote user. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limitation on a number of times the link can be actuated prior to expiration of the link. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the link is provided to the device associated with the remote user to re-connect the device to a server associated with an agent previously in communication with the remote user. 21. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the executable instructions that cause the computer system to process the service request further cause the computer system to establish an online chat session with the remote user via the device associated with the remote user. 22. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limit on a number of users authorized to submit service requests via actuation of the link. | Described are computer-based methods and apparatuses, including computer program products, for facilitating communications initiated through a social networking account. A detected message communicated using a social networking account can be determined to satisfy a response criteria. Code for displaying a communications initiation feature on a customer communications apparatus associated with the social networking account can be transmitted. Selection information representing a selection of the communications initiation feature can be received and can include a parameter associated with the selection and origin information. The selection information can be validated by determining that the selection is associated with the social networking account and by comparing the parameter with a stored credential associated with the communications initiation feature. When the selection is validated, the communications can be facilitated.1-2. (canceled) 3. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving data representative of a service request, wherein the data representative of the service request is received as a result of actuation of a link provided to a device associated with a remote user; authenticating the service request, wherein the service request is authenticated based on a comparison of the received data representative of the service request and stored data for the service request, and wherein the stored data defines criteria associated with the link provided to the device; and processing the service request as a result of the service request being successfully authenticated. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limitation on a number of times the link can be actuated prior to expiration of the link. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein processing the service request includes establishing an online chat session with the remote user via the device associated with the remote user. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the link is provided to the device associated with the remote user via a short message service (SMS) message. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein processing the service request includes transmitting a coupon to the device associated with the remote user. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the link is provided to the device associated with the remote user to re-connect the device to a server associated with an agent previously in communication with the remote user. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a time period during which the service request can be processed. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limit on a number of users authorized to submit service requests via actuation of the link. 11. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing thereon instructions that, as a result of being executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
receive data representative of a service request, wherein the data representative of the service request is received as a result of actuation of a link provided to a device associated with a remote user;
authenticate the service request, wherein the service request is authenticated based on a comparison of the received data representative of the service request and stored data for the service request, and wherein the stored data defines criteria associated with the link provided to the device; and
process the service request as a result of the service request being successfully authenticated. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a time period during which the service request can be processed. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the link is provided to the device associated with the remote user to re-connect the device to a server associated with an agent previously in communication with the remote user. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions that cause the system to process the service request further cause the system to transmit a coupon to the device associated with the remote user. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limitation on a number of times the link can be actuated prior to expiration of the link. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limit on a number of users authorized to submit service requests via actuation of the link. 17. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium storing thereon executable instructions that, as a result of being executed by one or more processors of a computer system, cause the computer system to:
receive data representative of a service request, wherein the data representative of the service request is received as a result of actuation of a link provided to a device associated with a remote user; authenticate the service request, wherein the service request is authenticated based on a comparison of the received data representative of the service request and stored data for the service request, and wherein the stored data defines criteria associated with the link provided to the device; and process the service request as a result of the service request being successfully authenticated. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the executable instructions that cause the computer system to process the service request further cause the computer system to transmit a coupon to the device associated with the remote user. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limitation on a number of times the link can be actuated prior to expiration of the link. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the link is provided to the device associated with the remote user to re-connect the device to a server associated with an agent previously in communication with the remote user. 21. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the executable instructions that cause the computer system to process the service request further cause the computer system to establish an online chat session with the remote user via the device associated with the remote user. 22. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the criteria associated with the link defines a limit on a number of users authorized to submit service requests via actuation of the link. | 2,400 |
349,588 | 350,462 | 16,854,191 | 2,452 | There is provided a fluid sensing apparatus (120) comprising a fluid flow channel (121) having a flow restriction (125), a first fluid port (132) at a first location (131) upstream of the flow restriction, a second fluid port (134) at a second location (133) downstream of the flow restriction, a fluid sensor (130) in fluid communication with the first fluid port and second fluid port, and a laminar flow element (150). The laminar flow element includes a flow stabilisation rod (151) which extends along the fluid flow channel at least from the first location to the second location to define a fluid sensing portion of the fluid flow channel between the outer wall (122) of the fluid flow channel and the outer surface (153) of the flow stabilisation rod. The flow restriction comprises a reduction in the hydraulic diameter of the fluid sensing portion of the fluid flow channel which is caused by a decrease in diameter of the fluid flow channel, or by an increase in the diameter of the flow stabilisation rod, or by both a decrease in diameter of the fluid flow channel and an increase in the diameter of the flow stabilisation rod. Also provided is a mass flow controller (100) including such a fluid sensing apparatus. | 1. A fluid sensing apparatus comprising:
a fluid flow channel having an inlet and an outlet; a flow restriction located between the inlet and the outlet; a first fluid port at a first location of the fluid flow channel upstream of the flow restriction; a second fluid port at a second location of the fluid flow channel downstream of the flow restriction; a fluid sensor in fluid communication with the first fluid port and second fluid port; and a laminar flow element comprising a flow stabilisation rod which extends along the fluid flow channel at least from the first location to the second location to define a fluid sensing portion of the fluid flow channel between the outer wall of the fluid flow channel and the outer surface of the flow stabilisation rod and between the first and second locations, wherein the flow restriction comprises a reduction in the hydraulic diameter of the fluid sensing portion of the fluid flow channel which is caused by a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow channel, and/or by an increase in the cross-sectional area of the flow stabilisation rod, and wherein the outer surface of the flow stabilisation rod is substantially continuous. 2. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid flow channel is circular in cross-section and wherein the flow restriction comprises a reduction in the diameter of the outer wall of the fluid flow channel. 3. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area defined by the outer surface of the flow stabilisation rod is substantially constant along substantially the entire length of the fluid sensing portion. 4. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow restriction comprises an increase in the cross-sectional area defined by the outer surface of the flow stabilisation rod. 5. (canceled) 6. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow stabilisation rod comprises one or more internal flow passages which define an additional flow portion of the fluid flow channel that is separate to the fluid sensing portion. 7. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow stabilisation rod extends along the fluid flow channel from a position upstream of the first location to a position adjacent to the second location, or from a position adjacent to the first location to a position downstream of the second location, or from a position upstream of the first location to a position downstream of the second location. 8. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laminar flow element further comprises a support by which the stabilisation rod is mounted in the fluid flow channel. 9. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one fluid flow aperture comprises a plurality of fluid flow apertures spaced at intervals around the circumference of the support, preferably at regular intervals. 10. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the support has an outer surface which corresponds in shape, or conforms, to the shape of the outer wall of the fluid flow channel such that, during use, substantially none of the fluid flowing along the fluid flow channel flows between the outer surface of the support and the outer wall of the fluid flow channel. 11. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid sensor is configured to measure a first pressure in the first fluid port and to measure a second pressure in the second fluid port. 12. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first fluid port and the second fluid port form part of a bypass channel along which a portion of fluid flow along the fluid flow channel is diverted during use, and wherein the fluid sensor is configured to measure a bypass flow rate through the bypass channel. 13. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a further fluid sensor, wherein the fluid sensing portion comprises a first fluid sensing portion extending from the first location to the second location, and a second fluid sensing portion extending from a third fluid port at a third location of the fluid flow channel upstream of the flow restriction to a fourth fluid port at a fourth location of the fluid flow channel downstream of the flow restriction, wherein the fluid sensor is in fluid communication with the first fluid sensing portion via the first and second fluid ports, and wherein the further fluid sensor is in fluid communication with the second fluid sensing portion via the third and fourth fluid ports. 14. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the flow stabilisation rod is offset from a central axis of the fluid flow channel. 15. A mass flow controller comprising:
a fluid control valve; control electronics; and a fluid sensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control electronics is configured to control the fluid control valve based on a sensor signal provided by the fluid sensing apparatus. 16. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 7, wherein the support defines at least one fluid flow aperture in communication with the fluid sensing portion. 17. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 7, wherein the support is removably secured within the fluid flow channel. | There is provided a fluid sensing apparatus (120) comprising a fluid flow channel (121) having a flow restriction (125), a first fluid port (132) at a first location (131) upstream of the flow restriction, a second fluid port (134) at a second location (133) downstream of the flow restriction, a fluid sensor (130) in fluid communication with the first fluid port and second fluid port, and a laminar flow element (150). The laminar flow element includes a flow stabilisation rod (151) which extends along the fluid flow channel at least from the first location to the second location to define a fluid sensing portion of the fluid flow channel between the outer wall (122) of the fluid flow channel and the outer surface (153) of the flow stabilisation rod. The flow restriction comprises a reduction in the hydraulic diameter of the fluid sensing portion of the fluid flow channel which is caused by a decrease in diameter of the fluid flow channel, or by an increase in the diameter of the flow stabilisation rod, or by both a decrease in diameter of the fluid flow channel and an increase in the diameter of the flow stabilisation rod. Also provided is a mass flow controller (100) including such a fluid sensing apparatus.1. A fluid sensing apparatus comprising:
a fluid flow channel having an inlet and an outlet; a flow restriction located between the inlet and the outlet; a first fluid port at a first location of the fluid flow channel upstream of the flow restriction; a second fluid port at a second location of the fluid flow channel downstream of the flow restriction; a fluid sensor in fluid communication with the first fluid port and second fluid port; and a laminar flow element comprising a flow stabilisation rod which extends along the fluid flow channel at least from the first location to the second location to define a fluid sensing portion of the fluid flow channel between the outer wall of the fluid flow channel and the outer surface of the flow stabilisation rod and between the first and second locations, wherein the flow restriction comprises a reduction in the hydraulic diameter of the fluid sensing portion of the fluid flow channel which is caused by a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow channel, and/or by an increase in the cross-sectional area of the flow stabilisation rod, and wherein the outer surface of the flow stabilisation rod is substantially continuous. 2. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid flow channel is circular in cross-section and wherein the flow restriction comprises a reduction in the diameter of the outer wall of the fluid flow channel. 3. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area defined by the outer surface of the flow stabilisation rod is substantially constant along substantially the entire length of the fluid sensing portion. 4. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow restriction comprises an increase in the cross-sectional area defined by the outer surface of the flow stabilisation rod. 5. (canceled) 6. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow stabilisation rod comprises one or more internal flow passages which define an additional flow portion of the fluid flow channel that is separate to the fluid sensing portion. 7. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flow stabilisation rod extends along the fluid flow channel from a position upstream of the first location to a position adjacent to the second location, or from a position adjacent to the first location to a position downstream of the second location, or from a position upstream of the first location to a position downstream of the second location. 8. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laminar flow element further comprises a support by which the stabilisation rod is mounted in the fluid flow channel. 9. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one fluid flow aperture comprises a plurality of fluid flow apertures spaced at intervals around the circumference of the support, preferably at regular intervals. 10. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the support has an outer surface which corresponds in shape, or conforms, to the shape of the outer wall of the fluid flow channel such that, during use, substantially none of the fluid flowing along the fluid flow channel flows between the outer surface of the support and the outer wall of the fluid flow channel. 11. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fluid sensor is configured to measure a first pressure in the first fluid port and to measure a second pressure in the second fluid port. 12. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first fluid port and the second fluid port form part of a bypass channel along which a portion of fluid flow along the fluid flow channel is diverted during use, and wherein the fluid sensor is configured to measure a bypass flow rate through the bypass channel. 13. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a further fluid sensor, wherein the fluid sensing portion comprises a first fluid sensing portion extending from the first location to the second location, and a second fluid sensing portion extending from a third fluid port at a third location of the fluid flow channel upstream of the flow restriction to a fourth fluid port at a fourth location of the fluid flow channel downstream of the flow restriction, wherein the fluid sensor is in fluid communication with the first fluid sensing portion via the first and second fluid ports, and wherein the further fluid sensor is in fluid communication with the second fluid sensing portion via the third and fourth fluid ports. 14. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the flow stabilisation rod is offset from a central axis of the fluid flow channel. 15. A mass flow controller comprising:
a fluid control valve; control electronics; and a fluid sensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control electronics is configured to control the fluid control valve based on a sensor signal provided by the fluid sensing apparatus. 16. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 7, wherein the support defines at least one fluid flow aperture in communication with the fluid sensing portion. 17. The fluid sensing apparatus of claim 7, wherein the support is removably secured within the fluid flow channel. | 2,400 |
349,589 | 350,463 | 16,854,129 | 2,452 | The present invention discloses a flash. A channel region comprises a first shallow trench formed in the surface area of a semiconductor substrate. A tunneling dielectric layer and a polysilicon floating gate are formed in the first shallow trench and extended to the outside of the first shallow trench. A control dielectric layer and a polysilicon control gate are sequentially formed on the two side surfaces in the width direction and the top surface of the polysilicon floating gate. A source region and a drain region are formed in a self-aligned manner in active regions on the two sides in the length direction of the polysilicon floating gate. The present invention further discloses a method for manufacturing a flash. The present invention can break through the limitation of the length of the channel on the size of the memory cell, thus reducing the area of the memory cell. | 1. A flash, wherein the flash comprises a plurality of memory cells; each memory cell comprises a gate structure, a source region, a drain region and a channel region;
the channel region comprises a first shallow trench formed in the surface area of a semiconductor substrate, a tunneling dielectric layer is formed on the bottom surface and the side surfaces of the first shallow trench, the tunneling dielectric layer is further extended to the surface of the semiconductor substrate outside the first shallow trench, and the polysilicon floating gate fully fills the first shallow trench formed with the tunneling dielectric layer and is extended to the surface of the tunneling dielectric layer outside the first shallow trench; a control dielectric layer and a polysilicon control gate are sequentially formed on the two side surfaces in the width direction and the top surface of the polysilicon floating gate; the gate structure of each memory cell is formed by superposing the corresponding tunneling dielectric layer, the polysilicon floating gate, the control dielectric layer and the polysilicon control gate; the source region and the drain region are formed in a self-aligned manner in active regions on the two sides in the length direction of the polysilicon floating gate, and the two side surfaces in the width direction of the polysilicon floating gate and the two side surfaces in the width direction of the active region are self-aligned; the channel region is located in the surface area of the semiconductor substrate covered by the polysilicon floating gate between the source region and the drain region; the surface of the channel region covered by the polysilicon floating gate is used to form a channel connecting the source region and the drain region, the channel is provided with a longitudinal structure extending along the side surface of the first shallow trench, and the longitudinal structure of the channel enables the length of the channel to be increased and enables the length of the polysilicon floating gate to be decreased under the condition that the length of the channel satisfies a short channel effect, thus reducing the area of the memory cell. 2. The flash according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate is a silicon substrate. 3. The flash according to claim 2, wherein the tunneling dielectric layer is an oxide layer and the control dielectric layer is a superposed layer of an oxide layer, a nitride layer and an oxide layer. 4. The flash according to claim 3, wherein the memory cells are arranged in rows and columns to form an array structure of the flash, and the flash is in an NOR structure;
the polysilicon control gates of the memory cells in the same row are connected together to form a polysilicon row; the drain regions of each of the memory cells in the same column are connected to a bit line composed of a front metal layer through corresponding contact holes; the source regions, the drain regions and the channel regions of the memory cells in the same column are located in the active regions of the same column structure, and the overlapping area of the active region and the corresponding polysilicon row is the forming area of the polysilicon floating gate; the active regions in each column are isolated by a shallow trench field oxide, and the shallow trench field oxide is formed in a second shallow trench. 5. The flash according to claim 4, wherein the length of the polysilicon floating gate is less than two feature sizes. 6. The flash according to claim 5, wherein the area of the memory cell is less than 6F2 and F represents one feature size. 7. The flash according to claim 6, wherein the feature size is less than 45 nm and the length of the channel satisfying the short channel effect is more than 100 nm. 8. A method for manufacturing a flash, wherein the flash comprises a plurality of memory cells, and the steps of forming the memory cells comprise:
step 1: providing a semiconductor substrate and forming a first shallow trench in the surface area of the semiconductor substrate in the forming area of a channel region; step 2: forming a hard mask layer, the hard mask layer fully filling the first shallow trench and covering the surface of the semiconductor substrate outside the first shallow trench; step 3: using a photolithography process to define the formation area of the second shallow trench, and the hard mask layer and the first semiconductor substrate are sequentially etched to form the second shallow trench according to the photolithographic definition; step 4: filling a shallow trench field oxide into the second shallow trench, and performing flattening to enable the surface of the shallow trench field oxide to be in flush with the surface of the hard mask layer, the shallow trench field oxide defining an active region; step 5: removing the hard mask layer in a self-aligned manner by using the shallow trench field oxide as a mask, and sequentially forming a tunneling dielectric layer and a polysilicon floating gate in the removed area of the hard mask layer, the two side surfaces in the width direction of the polysilicon floating gate and the two side surfaces in the width direction of the active region being self-aligned; step 6: etching back the shallow trench field oxide in a self-aligned manner by using the polysilicon floating gate as a mask, and etching back the surface of the shallow trench field oxide to be in flush with the surface of the semiconductor substrate; step 7: forming a control dielectric layer, the control dielectric layer covering the top surface and side surfaces of the polysilicon floating gate; step 8: forming a polysilicon control gate on the surface of the control dielectric layer; step 9: using a photolithography process to define the formation area of a gate structure, and sequentially etching the polysilicon control gate, the control dielectric layer and the polysilicon floating gate according to the photolithographic definition to form the gate structure, the side surfaces of the polysilicon floating gate formed by etching being the two side surfaces in the length direction; the gate structure of each memory cell being formed by superposing the corresponding tunneling dielectric layer, the polysilicon floating gate, the control dielectric layer and the polysilicon control gate; step 10: forming a source region and a drain region in a self-aligned manner in the active regions on the two sides in the length direction of the polysilicon floating gate of the gate structure; the channel region is located in the surface area of the semiconductor substrate covered by the polysilicon floating gate between the source region and the drain region; the surface of the channel region covered by the polysilicon floating gate is used to form a channel connecting the source region and the drain region, the channel is provided with a longitudinal structure extending along the side surface of the first shallow trench, and the longitudinal structure of the channel enables the length of the channel to be increased and enables the length of the polysilicon floating gate to be decreased under the condition that the length of the channel satisfies a short channel effect, thus reducing the area of the memory cell. 9. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 8, wherein the semiconductor substrate is a silicon substrate. 10. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 9, wherein the tunneling dielectric layer is an oxide layer and the control dielectric layer is a superposed layer of an oxide layer, a nitride layer and an oxide layer. 11. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 10, wherein the memory cells are arranged in rows and columns to form an array structure of the flash, and the flash is in an NOR structure;
the polysilicon control gates of the memory cells in the same row are connected together to form a polysilicon row; the polysilicon row is defined through the photolithography process in step 9; the drain regions of each of the memory cells in the same column are connected to a bit line composed of a front metal layer through corresponding contact holes; the source regions, the drain regions and the channel regions of the memory cells in the same column are located in the active regions of the same column structure, and the overlapping area of the active region and the corresponding polysilicon row is the forming area of the polysilicon floating gate; the active regions in each column are isolated by the shallow trench field oxide. 12. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 11, wherein the length of the polysilicon floating gate is less than two feature sizes. 13. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 12, wherein the area of the memory cell is less than 6F2 and F represents one feature size. 14. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 13, wherein the feature size is less than 45 nm and the length of the channel satisfying the short channel effect is more than 100 nm. 15. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 9, wherein the hard mask layer is a nitride layer or the hard mask layer is a superposed layer of an oxide layer and a nitride layer. | The present invention discloses a flash. A channel region comprises a first shallow trench formed in the surface area of a semiconductor substrate. A tunneling dielectric layer and a polysilicon floating gate are formed in the first shallow trench and extended to the outside of the first shallow trench. A control dielectric layer and a polysilicon control gate are sequentially formed on the two side surfaces in the width direction and the top surface of the polysilicon floating gate. A source region and a drain region are formed in a self-aligned manner in active regions on the two sides in the length direction of the polysilicon floating gate. The present invention further discloses a method for manufacturing a flash. The present invention can break through the limitation of the length of the channel on the size of the memory cell, thus reducing the area of the memory cell.1. A flash, wherein the flash comprises a plurality of memory cells; each memory cell comprises a gate structure, a source region, a drain region and a channel region;
the channel region comprises a first shallow trench formed in the surface area of a semiconductor substrate, a tunneling dielectric layer is formed on the bottom surface and the side surfaces of the first shallow trench, the tunneling dielectric layer is further extended to the surface of the semiconductor substrate outside the first shallow trench, and the polysilicon floating gate fully fills the first shallow trench formed with the tunneling dielectric layer and is extended to the surface of the tunneling dielectric layer outside the first shallow trench; a control dielectric layer and a polysilicon control gate are sequentially formed on the two side surfaces in the width direction and the top surface of the polysilicon floating gate; the gate structure of each memory cell is formed by superposing the corresponding tunneling dielectric layer, the polysilicon floating gate, the control dielectric layer and the polysilicon control gate; the source region and the drain region are formed in a self-aligned manner in active regions on the two sides in the length direction of the polysilicon floating gate, and the two side surfaces in the width direction of the polysilicon floating gate and the two side surfaces in the width direction of the active region are self-aligned; the channel region is located in the surface area of the semiconductor substrate covered by the polysilicon floating gate between the source region and the drain region; the surface of the channel region covered by the polysilicon floating gate is used to form a channel connecting the source region and the drain region, the channel is provided with a longitudinal structure extending along the side surface of the first shallow trench, and the longitudinal structure of the channel enables the length of the channel to be increased and enables the length of the polysilicon floating gate to be decreased under the condition that the length of the channel satisfies a short channel effect, thus reducing the area of the memory cell. 2. The flash according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate is a silicon substrate. 3. The flash according to claim 2, wherein the tunneling dielectric layer is an oxide layer and the control dielectric layer is a superposed layer of an oxide layer, a nitride layer and an oxide layer. 4. The flash according to claim 3, wherein the memory cells are arranged in rows and columns to form an array structure of the flash, and the flash is in an NOR structure;
the polysilicon control gates of the memory cells in the same row are connected together to form a polysilicon row; the drain regions of each of the memory cells in the same column are connected to a bit line composed of a front metal layer through corresponding contact holes; the source regions, the drain regions and the channel regions of the memory cells in the same column are located in the active regions of the same column structure, and the overlapping area of the active region and the corresponding polysilicon row is the forming area of the polysilicon floating gate; the active regions in each column are isolated by a shallow trench field oxide, and the shallow trench field oxide is formed in a second shallow trench. 5. The flash according to claim 4, wherein the length of the polysilicon floating gate is less than two feature sizes. 6. The flash according to claim 5, wherein the area of the memory cell is less than 6F2 and F represents one feature size. 7. The flash according to claim 6, wherein the feature size is less than 45 nm and the length of the channel satisfying the short channel effect is more than 100 nm. 8. A method for manufacturing a flash, wherein the flash comprises a plurality of memory cells, and the steps of forming the memory cells comprise:
step 1: providing a semiconductor substrate and forming a first shallow trench in the surface area of the semiconductor substrate in the forming area of a channel region; step 2: forming a hard mask layer, the hard mask layer fully filling the first shallow trench and covering the surface of the semiconductor substrate outside the first shallow trench; step 3: using a photolithography process to define the formation area of the second shallow trench, and the hard mask layer and the first semiconductor substrate are sequentially etched to form the second shallow trench according to the photolithographic definition; step 4: filling a shallow trench field oxide into the second shallow trench, and performing flattening to enable the surface of the shallow trench field oxide to be in flush with the surface of the hard mask layer, the shallow trench field oxide defining an active region; step 5: removing the hard mask layer in a self-aligned manner by using the shallow trench field oxide as a mask, and sequentially forming a tunneling dielectric layer and a polysilicon floating gate in the removed area of the hard mask layer, the two side surfaces in the width direction of the polysilicon floating gate and the two side surfaces in the width direction of the active region being self-aligned; step 6: etching back the shallow trench field oxide in a self-aligned manner by using the polysilicon floating gate as a mask, and etching back the surface of the shallow trench field oxide to be in flush with the surface of the semiconductor substrate; step 7: forming a control dielectric layer, the control dielectric layer covering the top surface and side surfaces of the polysilicon floating gate; step 8: forming a polysilicon control gate on the surface of the control dielectric layer; step 9: using a photolithography process to define the formation area of a gate structure, and sequentially etching the polysilicon control gate, the control dielectric layer and the polysilicon floating gate according to the photolithographic definition to form the gate structure, the side surfaces of the polysilicon floating gate formed by etching being the two side surfaces in the length direction; the gate structure of each memory cell being formed by superposing the corresponding tunneling dielectric layer, the polysilicon floating gate, the control dielectric layer and the polysilicon control gate; step 10: forming a source region and a drain region in a self-aligned manner in the active regions on the two sides in the length direction of the polysilicon floating gate of the gate structure; the channel region is located in the surface area of the semiconductor substrate covered by the polysilicon floating gate between the source region and the drain region; the surface of the channel region covered by the polysilicon floating gate is used to form a channel connecting the source region and the drain region, the channel is provided with a longitudinal structure extending along the side surface of the first shallow trench, and the longitudinal structure of the channel enables the length of the channel to be increased and enables the length of the polysilicon floating gate to be decreased under the condition that the length of the channel satisfies a short channel effect, thus reducing the area of the memory cell. 9. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 8, wherein the semiconductor substrate is a silicon substrate. 10. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 9, wherein the tunneling dielectric layer is an oxide layer and the control dielectric layer is a superposed layer of an oxide layer, a nitride layer and an oxide layer. 11. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 10, wherein the memory cells are arranged in rows and columns to form an array structure of the flash, and the flash is in an NOR structure;
the polysilicon control gates of the memory cells in the same row are connected together to form a polysilicon row; the polysilicon row is defined through the photolithography process in step 9; the drain regions of each of the memory cells in the same column are connected to a bit line composed of a front metal layer through corresponding contact holes; the source regions, the drain regions and the channel regions of the memory cells in the same column are located in the active regions of the same column structure, and the overlapping area of the active region and the corresponding polysilicon row is the forming area of the polysilicon floating gate; the active regions in each column are isolated by the shallow trench field oxide. 12. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 11, wherein the length of the polysilicon floating gate is less than two feature sizes. 13. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 12, wherein the area of the memory cell is less than 6F2 and F represents one feature size. 14. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 13, wherein the feature size is less than 45 nm and the length of the channel satisfying the short channel effect is more than 100 nm. 15. The method for manufacturing the flash according to claim 9, wherein the hard mask layer is a nitride layer or the hard mask layer is a superposed layer of an oxide layer and a nitride layer. | 2,400 |
349,590 | 350,464 | 16,854,157 | 2,452 | A display device includes a display panel, a mold frame at least partially surrounding the display panel, and a bracket at least partially overlapping the mold frame. Each of the mold frame and the bracket includes an electrically conductive material, and the mold frame and the bracket are electrically connected to each other. | 1. A display device, comprising:
a display panel; a mold frame at least partially surrounding the display panel; and a bracket at least partially overlapping the mold frame, wherein each of the mold frame and the bracket includes an electrically conductive material, and wherein the mold frame and the bracket are electrically connected to each other. 2. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a protective film disposed on the display panel,
wherein the display panel includes a cover region at least partially overlapping the protective film and an exposed region exposed by the protective film. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the protective film includes a protective base, and a protective base bonding layer disposed between the protective base and the display panel. 4. The display device of claim 2, further comprising a connection conductor disposed between the bracket and the mold frame,
wherein each of the mold frame and the bracket are directly connected to the connection conductor. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the connection conductor includes a conductive base, a first conductive bonding layer disposed between the conductive base and the mold frame, and a second conductive bonding layer disposed between the bracket and the conductive base. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the connection conductor includes a clamp. 7. The display device of claim 4, wherein the mold frame includes a main frame portion and a frame conductive layer disposed directly on a surface of the main frame portion, and
wherein the conductive layer is electrically connected to the bracket. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein the conductive layer is formed on the main frame portion by coating, deposition, or thermal attachment. 9. The display device of claim 7, wherein the bracket includes an electrically conductive material. 10. The display device of claim 7, wherein the bracket includes a main bracket portion and a bracket conductive layer disposed inside of the main bracket portion, and
wherein the connection conductor is connected to the frame conductive layer and the bracket conductive layer. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein the main bracket portion is further disposed on a lower surface of the display panel. 12. The display device of claim 7, wherein the main frame portion includes a first frame portion disposed on a side surface of the display panel, and a second frame portion connected to the first frame portion and disposed on the surface of the display panel. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein the conductive layer is disposed directly on the first frame portion. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein the conductive layer further includes a plurality of conductive patterns spaced apart from each other along the second frame portion. 15. The display device of claim 4, wherein the mold frame includes an electrically conductive material dispersed therein. 16. The display device of claim 4, wherein the bracket is electrically connected to a set ground wire. 17. The display device of claim 2, further comprising a cover window disposed between the protective film and the display panel, and a light blocking pattern disposed directly on an edge of the cover window,
wherein the light blocking pattern includes an electrically conductive material. 18. A display device, comprising:
a display panel in which a folding region, a first non-folding region located on one side of the folding region, and a second non-folding region located on the other side of the folding region are defined; a first mold frame disposed adjacent to the first non-folding region of the display panel; a second mold frame disposed adjacent to the second non-folding region of the display panel; a first bracket at least partially overlapping the first mold frame; and a second bracket at least partially overlapping the second mold frame, wherein each of the first mold frame and the second mold frame includes a first electrically conductive material, wherein each of the first bracket and the second bracket includes a second electrically conductive material that is either different from or the same as the first electrically conductive material, wherein the first mold frame and the first bracket are electrically connected to each other, and wherein the second mold frame and the second bracket are electrically connected to each other. 19. The display device of claim 18, further comprising a protective film disposed on the display panel,
wherein the display panel includes a cover region at least partially overlapping the protective film and an exposed region exposed by the protective film. 20. The display device of claim 19, further comprising a first connection conductor disposed between the first bracket and the first mold frame, and a second connection conductor disposed between the second bracket and the second mold frame,
wherein the first mold frame and the first bracket are directly connected to the first connection conductor, and wherein the second mold frame and the second bracket are each directly connected to the second connection conductor. 21. The display device of claim 20, wherein each of the first bracket and the second bracket is electrically connected to a set ground wire. | A display device includes a display panel, a mold frame at least partially surrounding the display panel, and a bracket at least partially overlapping the mold frame. Each of the mold frame and the bracket includes an electrically conductive material, and the mold frame and the bracket are electrically connected to each other.1. A display device, comprising:
a display panel; a mold frame at least partially surrounding the display panel; and a bracket at least partially overlapping the mold frame, wherein each of the mold frame and the bracket includes an electrically conductive material, and wherein the mold frame and the bracket are electrically connected to each other. 2. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a protective film disposed on the display panel,
wherein the display panel includes a cover region at least partially overlapping the protective film and an exposed region exposed by the protective film. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the protective film includes a protective base, and a protective base bonding layer disposed between the protective base and the display panel. 4. The display device of claim 2, further comprising a connection conductor disposed between the bracket and the mold frame,
wherein each of the mold frame and the bracket are directly connected to the connection conductor. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the connection conductor includes a conductive base, a first conductive bonding layer disposed between the conductive base and the mold frame, and a second conductive bonding layer disposed between the bracket and the conductive base. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the connection conductor includes a clamp. 7. The display device of claim 4, wherein the mold frame includes a main frame portion and a frame conductive layer disposed directly on a surface of the main frame portion, and
wherein the conductive layer is electrically connected to the bracket. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein the conductive layer is formed on the main frame portion by coating, deposition, or thermal attachment. 9. The display device of claim 7, wherein the bracket includes an electrically conductive material. 10. The display device of claim 7, wherein the bracket includes a main bracket portion and a bracket conductive layer disposed inside of the main bracket portion, and
wherein the connection conductor is connected to the frame conductive layer and the bracket conductive layer. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein the main bracket portion is further disposed on a lower surface of the display panel. 12. The display device of claim 7, wherein the main frame portion includes a first frame portion disposed on a side surface of the display panel, and a second frame portion connected to the first frame portion and disposed on the surface of the display panel. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein the conductive layer is disposed directly on the first frame portion. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein the conductive layer further includes a plurality of conductive patterns spaced apart from each other along the second frame portion. 15. The display device of claim 4, wherein the mold frame includes an electrically conductive material dispersed therein. 16. The display device of claim 4, wherein the bracket is electrically connected to a set ground wire. 17. The display device of claim 2, further comprising a cover window disposed between the protective film and the display panel, and a light blocking pattern disposed directly on an edge of the cover window,
wherein the light blocking pattern includes an electrically conductive material. 18. A display device, comprising:
a display panel in which a folding region, a first non-folding region located on one side of the folding region, and a second non-folding region located on the other side of the folding region are defined; a first mold frame disposed adjacent to the first non-folding region of the display panel; a second mold frame disposed adjacent to the second non-folding region of the display panel; a first bracket at least partially overlapping the first mold frame; and a second bracket at least partially overlapping the second mold frame, wherein each of the first mold frame and the second mold frame includes a first electrically conductive material, wherein each of the first bracket and the second bracket includes a second electrically conductive material that is either different from or the same as the first electrically conductive material, wherein the first mold frame and the first bracket are electrically connected to each other, and wherein the second mold frame and the second bracket are electrically connected to each other. 19. The display device of claim 18, further comprising a protective film disposed on the display panel,
wherein the display panel includes a cover region at least partially overlapping the protective film and an exposed region exposed by the protective film. 20. The display device of claim 19, further comprising a first connection conductor disposed between the first bracket and the first mold frame, and a second connection conductor disposed between the second bracket and the second mold frame,
wherein the first mold frame and the first bracket are directly connected to the first connection conductor, and wherein the second mold frame and the second bracket are each directly connected to the second connection conductor. 21. The display device of claim 20, wherein each of the first bracket and the second bracket is electrically connected to a set ground wire. | 2,400 |
349,591 | 350,465 | 16,854,174 | 2,452 | A radar level gauge comprising a signal propagation device, a dielectric filling member arranged in the signal propagation device, and a sealing arrangement for preventing tank content from escaping into the outside environment, wherein the dielectric filling member comprises a main body and a sealing arrangement comprising a first sealing portion. The radar level gauge further comprises a structural reinforcement element positioned above the first sealing portion. | 1. A radar level gauge, for determining a process variable of a product in a tank using electromagnetic measuring signals, the radar level gauge comprising:
an antenna arrangement comprising an antenna mounting structure, the antenna arrangement being adapted to direct a microwave transmit signal toward the product and return reflections thereof from a surface of the product; a dielectric filling member arranged in the antenna arrangement, the dielectric filling member comprising a main body, and a sealing arrangement for preventing tank content from escaping into the outside environment, the sealing arrangement being arranged around a periphery of the main body and comprises a first sealing portion positioned between a portion of the antenna mounting structure and a portion of the tank, wherein a lower surface of the first sealing portion is arranged in abutment with the portion of the tank; and a structural reinforcement element arranged around a periphery of the main body, the structural reinforcement element being arranged in abutment with an upper surface of the first sealing portion such that, as seen in a microwave transmit signal direction, the first sealing portion is positioned above the portion of the tank and below the structural reinforcement element. 2. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the sealing arrangement is integrally formed with the main body. 3. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the sealing arrangement further comprises a second sealing surface, the second sealing comprising an upper surface arranged in abutment with the portion of the antenna mounting structure and a lower surface arranged in abutment with the structural reinforcement element. 4. The radar level gauge according to claim 3, wherein the main body has a substantially conical portion, the first and second sealing portions each being arranged as a respective annular flange extending radially from a base portion of the conical portion. 5. The radar level gauge according to claim 3, wherein the structural reinforcement element is sandwiched between the first and second sealing portions. 6. The radar level gauge according to claim 3, wherein the sealing arrangement comprises a circumferentially arranged cavity portion formed by sintering an outer end portion of the second sealing portion to the first sealing portion, the structural reinforcement element being arranged in the circumferentially arranged cavity portion. 7. The radar level gauge according to claim 3, wherein the structural reinforcement element comprises a plurality of through holes extending in the direction between the first and second sealing portions, the first and second sealing portions being connected to each other at the plurality of through holes by sintering the first and second sealing portions to each other. 8. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the structural reinforcement element comprises a first and a second element portion connected to each other around the main body. 9. The radar level gauge according to claim 8, wherein the first and second element portions are formed in a semicircular shape. 10. The radar level gauge according to claim 8, wherein the first element portion comprises a protrusion and the second element portion comprises an indentation, wherein the protrusion is connected to the indentation when connecting the structural reinforcement element around the main body. 11. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the structural reinforcement element comprises at least two layers of reinforcement elements as seen in the microwave transmit signal direction. 12. The radar level gauge according to claim 11, wherein one of the at least two layers of reinforcement elements comprises a lip portion and the other one of the at least two layers of reinforcement elements comprises a notch portion for attachment to the lip portion. 13. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the structural reinforcement element is formed by a metallic material. 14. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the main body is formed by a polymer material. 15. The radar level gauge according to claim 14, wherein the polymer material is a fluoropolymer, preferably PTFE. | A radar level gauge comprising a signal propagation device, a dielectric filling member arranged in the signal propagation device, and a sealing arrangement for preventing tank content from escaping into the outside environment, wherein the dielectric filling member comprises a main body and a sealing arrangement comprising a first sealing portion. The radar level gauge further comprises a structural reinforcement element positioned above the first sealing portion.1. A radar level gauge, for determining a process variable of a product in a tank using electromagnetic measuring signals, the radar level gauge comprising:
an antenna arrangement comprising an antenna mounting structure, the antenna arrangement being adapted to direct a microwave transmit signal toward the product and return reflections thereof from a surface of the product; a dielectric filling member arranged in the antenna arrangement, the dielectric filling member comprising a main body, and a sealing arrangement for preventing tank content from escaping into the outside environment, the sealing arrangement being arranged around a periphery of the main body and comprises a first sealing portion positioned between a portion of the antenna mounting structure and a portion of the tank, wherein a lower surface of the first sealing portion is arranged in abutment with the portion of the tank; and a structural reinforcement element arranged around a periphery of the main body, the structural reinforcement element being arranged in abutment with an upper surface of the first sealing portion such that, as seen in a microwave transmit signal direction, the first sealing portion is positioned above the portion of the tank and below the structural reinforcement element. 2. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the sealing arrangement is integrally formed with the main body. 3. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the sealing arrangement further comprises a second sealing surface, the second sealing comprising an upper surface arranged in abutment with the portion of the antenna mounting structure and a lower surface arranged in abutment with the structural reinforcement element. 4. The radar level gauge according to claim 3, wherein the main body has a substantially conical portion, the first and second sealing portions each being arranged as a respective annular flange extending radially from a base portion of the conical portion. 5. The radar level gauge according to claim 3, wherein the structural reinforcement element is sandwiched between the first and second sealing portions. 6. The radar level gauge according to claim 3, wherein the sealing arrangement comprises a circumferentially arranged cavity portion formed by sintering an outer end portion of the second sealing portion to the first sealing portion, the structural reinforcement element being arranged in the circumferentially arranged cavity portion. 7. The radar level gauge according to claim 3, wherein the structural reinforcement element comprises a plurality of through holes extending in the direction between the first and second sealing portions, the first and second sealing portions being connected to each other at the plurality of through holes by sintering the first and second sealing portions to each other. 8. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the structural reinforcement element comprises a first and a second element portion connected to each other around the main body. 9. The radar level gauge according to claim 8, wherein the first and second element portions are formed in a semicircular shape. 10. The radar level gauge according to claim 8, wherein the first element portion comprises a protrusion and the second element portion comprises an indentation, wherein the protrusion is connected to the indentation when connecting the structural reinforcement element around the main body. 11. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the structural reinforcement element comprises at least two layers of reinforcement elements as seen in the microwave transmit signal direction. 12. The radar level gauge according to claim 11, wherein one of the at least two layers of reinforcement elements comprises a lip portion and the other one of the at least two layers of reinforcement elements comprises a notch portion for attachment to the lip portion. 13. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the structural reinforcement element is formed by a metallic material. 14. The radar level gauge according to claim 1, wherein the main body is formed by a polymer material. 15. The radar level gauge according to claim 14, wherein the polymer material is a fluoropolymer, preferably PTFE. | 2,400 |
349,592 | 350,466 | 16,854,177 | 2,452 | Implementations described herein disclose an artificial intelligence (AI) based method for generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network. In one implementation, the method includes receiving a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, the PPG signal including a red PPG signal and an infrared PPG signal, generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal, training a neural network using the input feature matrix and an oxygen saturation level input signal, and generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network. | 1. A method, of determining oxygen level saturation, comprising:
receiving a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, the PPG signal including a red PPG signal and an infrared PPG signal; generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal; training a neural network using the input feature matrix and an oxygen saturation level input signal; and generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating an input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating a modulus value vector and a phase value vector across a time-frequency plane. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating a real value vector and an imaginary value vector across a time-frequency plane. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating the input feature matrix by performing a Morlet wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising normalizing the PPG signal by a baseline to generate a normalized PPG signal, wherein generating an input feature matrix further comprises generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the normalized PPG signal. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising rescaling the input feature matrix non-linearly before training a neural network using the input feature matrix. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein rescaling the input feature matrix non-linearly further comprising rescaling the input feature matrix using a logarithmic scaling. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising one of performing short time Fourier transform (STFT) of the PPG signal, performing WignerVille transform of the PPG signal, and performing S-transform of the PPG signal. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising combining two or more vectors of the input feature matrix to generate a combined feature vector and wherein training the neural network further comprising training the neural network with the combined feature vector. 11. In a computing environment, a method performed at least in part on at least one processor, the method comprising:
receiving a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, the PPG signal including a red PPG signal and an infrared PPG signal; generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal; training a neural network using the input feature matrix and an oxygen saturation level input signal; and generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating an input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating a modulus value vector and a phase value vector across a time-frequency plane. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating the input feature matrix by performing a Morlet wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising rescaling the input feature matrix using a logarithmic scaling before training a neural network using the input feature matrix. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising one of performing short time Fourier transform (STFT) of the PPG signal, performing WignerVille transform of the PPG signal, and performing S-transform of the PPG signal. 17. A physical article of manufacture including one or more tangible computer-readable storage media, encoding computer-executable instructions for executing on a computer system a computer process to provide an automated connection to a collaboration event for a computing device, the computer process comprising:
receiving a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, the PPG signal including a red PPG signal and an infrared PPG signal; generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal; and training a neural network using the input feature matrix and an oxygen saturation level input signal. 18. The physical article of manufacture of claim 17, wherein the computer process further comprising generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network. 19. The physical article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating an input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 20. The physical article of manufacture of claim 19, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating a modulus value vector and a phase value vector across a time-frequency plane. | Implementations described herein disclose an artificial intelligence (AI) based method for generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network. In one implementation, the method includes receiving a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, the PPG signal including a red PPG signal and an infrared PPG signal, generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal, training a neural network using the input feature matrix and an oxygen saturation level input signal, and generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network.1. A method, of determining oxygen level saturation, comprising:
receiving a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, the PPG signal including a red PPG signal and an infrared PPG signal; generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal; training a neural network using the input feature matrix and an oxygen saturation level input signal; and generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating an input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating a modulus value vector and a phase value vector across a time-frequency plane. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating a real value vector and an imaginary value vector across a time-frequency plane. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating the input feature matrix by performing a Morlet wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising normalizing the PPG signal by a baseline to generate a normalized PPG signal, wherein generating an input feature matrix further comprises generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the normalized PPG signal. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising rescaling the input feature matrix non-linearly before training a neural network using the input feature matrix. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein rescaling the input feature matrix non-linearly further comprising rescaling the input feature matrix using a logarithmic scaling. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising one of performing short time Fourier transform (STFT) of the PPG signal, performing WignerVille transform of the PPG signal, and performing S-transform of the PPG signal. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising combining two or more vectors of the input feature matrix to generate a combined feature vector and wherein training the neural network further comprising training the neural network with the combined feature vector. 11. In a computing environment, a method performed at least in part on at least one processor, the method comprising:
receiving a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, the PPG signal including a red PPG signal and an infrared PPG signal; generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal; training a neural network using the input feature matrix and an oxygen saturation level input signal; and generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating an input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating a modulus value vector and a phase value vector across a time-frequency plane. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating the input feature matrix by performing a Morlet wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising rescaling the input feature matrix using a logarithmic scaling before training a neural network using the input feature matrix. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising one of performing short time Fourier transform (STFT) of the PPG signal, performing WignerVille transform of the PPG signal, and performing S-transform of the PPG signal. 17. A physical article of manufacture including one or more tangible computer-readable storage media, encoding computer-executable instructions for executing on a computer system a computer process to provide an automated connection to a collaboration event for a computing device, the computer process comprising:
receiving a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, the PPG signal including a red PPG signal and an infrared PPG signal; generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal; and training a neural network using the input feature matrix and an oxygen saturation level input signal. 18. The physical article of manufacture of claim 17, wherein the computer process further comprising generating an oxygen saturation level output signal using the trained neural network. 19. The physical article of manufacture of claim 18, wherein generating an input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating an input feature matrix by performing a wavelet transform of the PPG signal. 20. The physical article of manufacture of claim 19, wherein generating the input feature matrix by performing time-frequency transform of the PPG signal further comprising generating a modulus value vector and a phase value vector across a time-frequency plane. | 2,400 |
349,593 | 350,467 | 16,854,146 | 2,452 | There is provided a signaling method for use in an advanced wireless communication network (100) that supports a first duplex mode, a second duplex mode different to the first duplex mode, and carrier aggregation of the first second duplex modes. This method includes configuring a UE (104-106) for data communication with the network (100) through a first access node (101) as a PCell, on the first duplex mode and with a first transmission mode (TM) including one or more transport blocks (TBs). This method also includes configuring the UE (104-106) for data communication with the network (100) through a second access node (103) as a SCell, on the second duplex mode and with a second TM including one or more TBs. The second TM associated with the second access node (103) is configured independently of the first TM associated with the first access node (101). | 1. A method implemented in a user equipment (UE) used in a wireless communications network supporting carrier aggregation (CA) of a primary cell and at least one secondary cell, the primary cell and the secondary cell supporting either frequency division duplex (FDD) or time division duplex (TDD), the method comprising:
receiving downlink data in a downlink subframe on the primary cell with FDD at a first timing, wherein a subframe on the secondary cell with TDD at the first timing is a uplink subframe; generating a first hybrid automatic repeat request (HARD)-acknowledgment (ACK) bit for the downlink subframe on the primary cell with FDD and generating a second HARQ-ACK bit for the uplink subframe on the secondary cell with TDD; and transmitting the first HARQ-ACK and the second HARQ-ACK on the primary cell with FDD at the second timing. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the first HARQ-ACK and the second HARQ-ACK are transmitted with physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format 1b with channel selection. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the first HARQ-ACK and the second HARQ-ACK are transmitted with physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format 3. | There is provided a signaling method for use in an advanced wireless communication network (100) that supports a first duplex mode, a second duplex mode different to the first duplex mode, and carrier aggregation of the first second duplex modes. This method includes configuring a UE (104-106) for data communication with the network (100) through a first access node (101) as a PCell, on the first duplex mode and with a first transmission mode (TM) including one or more transport blocks (TBs). This method also includes configuring the UE (104-106) for data communication with the network (100) through a second access node (103) as a SCell, on the second duplex mode and with a second TM including one or more TBs. The second TM associated with the second access node (103) is configured independently of the first TM associated with the first access node (101).1. A method implemented in a user equipment (UE) used in a wireless communications network supporting carrier aggregation (CA) of a primary cell and at least one secondary cell, the primary cell and the secondary cell supporting either frequency division duplex (FDD) or time division duplex (TDD), the method comprising:
receiving downlink data in a downlink subframe on the primary cell with FDD at a first timing, wherein a subframe on the secondary cell with TDD at the first timing is a uplink subframe; generating a first hybrid automatic repeat request (HARD)-acknowledgment (ACK) bit for the downlink subframe on the primary cell with FDD and generating a second HARQ-ACK bit for the uplink subframe on the secondary cell with TDD; and transmitting the first HARQ-ACK and the second HARQ-ACK on the primary cell with FDD at the second timing. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the first HARQ-ACK and the second HARQ-ACK are transmitted with physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format 1b with channel selection. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the first HARQ-ACK and the second HARQ-ACK are transmitted with physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format 3. | 2,400 |
349,594 | 350,468 | 16,854,169 | 2,452 | Systems and methods provide congruent bidirectional Segment Routing (SR) tunnels, namely congruent and fate-shared traffic forwarding for bidirectional SR tunnels. A bidirectional SR tunnel, as described herein, includes two unidirectional SR tunnels where the forward and reverse traffic directions follow the same path through the network when forwarded based on prefix and adjacency Segment Identifiers (SIDs). The term “congruent” is used herein to refer to the fact that the two unidirectional SR tunnels, i.e., the forward and reverse traffic directions, follow the same path through the network but in opposite directions. The guarantee of congruency is based on modification of the Segment Identifier (SID) configuration at the source nodes of each tunnel. Accordingly, the present disclosure maintains compatibility with existing Segment Routing configurations with the modifications solely at the source nodes. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon for programming a device to perform steps of:
obtaining one of a first label stack and a second label stack, wherein the first label stack is for a first tunnel from a first node A to a second node Z, wherein the first node A and the second node Z are two of a plurality of nodes in a Segment Routing (SR) network, and wherein the second label stack is for a second tunnel from the second node Z to the first node A; and determining next hop forwarding for a top label in the one of the first label stack and the second label stack in a deterministic manner so that the first tunnel and the second tunnel are congruent with one another. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the first tunnel and the second tunnel are each a unidirectional SR tunnel, but are guaranteed to be congruent based on the deterministic manner, thereby collectively operating as a bidirectional SR tunnel. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include one or more of prefix Segment Identifiers (SIDs) and adjacency SIDs. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the second label stack is determined based on inverting the first label stack. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the deterministic manner includes the determination of next hop forwarding from a same perspective between a master node and a slave node in the second tunnel as in the first tunnel, where the same perspective guarantees each of the plurality of nodes calculates a shortest path in a same manner. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the deterministic manner includes a recursive selection of one shortest path from a plurality of equal cost shortest paths. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include a prefix Segment Identifier (SID) that is defined as a congruency SID to denote a bidirectional congruent traffic flow. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a processor and memory storing instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to
obtain one of a first label stack and a second label stack, wherein the first label stack is for a first tunnel from a first node A to a second node Z, wherein the first node A and the second node Z are two of a plurality of nodes in a Segment Routing (SR) network, and wherein the second label stack is for a second tunnel from the second node Z to the first node A; and
determine next hop forwarding for a top label in the one of the first label stack and the second label stack in a deterministic manner so that the first tunnel and the second tunnel are congruent with one another. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first tunnel and the second tunnel are each a unidirectional SR tunnel, but are guaranteed to be congruent based on the deterministic manner, thereby collectively operating as a bidirectional SR tunnel. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include one or more of prefix Segment Identifiers (SIDs) and adjacency SIDs. 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the second label stack is determined based on inverting the first label stack. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the deterministic manner includes the determination of next hop forwarding from a same perspective between a master node and a slave node in the second tunnel as in the first tunnel, where the same perspective guarantees each of the plurality of nodes calculates a shortest path in a same manner. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the deterministic manner includes a recursive selection of one shortest path from a plurality of equal cost shortest paths. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include a prefix Segment Identifier (SID) that is defined as a congruency SID to denote a bidirectional congruent traffic flow. 15. A method comprising:
obtaining one of a first label stack and a second label stack, wherein the first label stack is for a first tunnel from a first node A to a second node Z, wherein the first node A and the second node Z are two of a plurality of nodes in a Segment Routing (SR) network, and wherein the second label stack is for a second tunnel from the second node Z to the first node A; and determining next hop forwarding for a top label in the one of the first label stack and the second label stack in a deterministic manner so that the first tunnel and the second tunnel are congruent with one another. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first tunnel and the second tunnel are each a unidirectional SR tunnel, but are guaranteed to be congruent based on the deterministic manner, thereby collectively operating as a bidirectional SR tunnel. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include one or more of prefix Segment Identifiers (SIDs) and adjacency SIDs. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include a prefix Segment Identifier (SID) that is defined as a congruency SID to denote a bidirectional congruent traffic flow. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the deterministic manner includes the determination of next hop forwarding from a same perspective between a master node and a slave node in the second tunnel as in the first tunnel, where the same perspective guarantees each of the plurality of nodes calculates a shortest path in a same manner. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the deterministic manner includes a recursive selection of one shortest path from a plurality of equal cost shortest paths. | Systems and methods provide congruent bidirectional Segment Routing (SR) tunnels, namely congruent and fate-shared traffic forwarding for bidirectional SR tunnels. A bidirectional SR tunnel, as described herein, includes two unidirectional SR tunnels where the forward and reverse traffic directions follow the same path through the network when forwarded based on prefix and adjacency Segment Identifiers (SIDs). The term “congruent” is used herein to refer to the fact that the two unidirectional SR tunnels, i.e., the forward and reverse traffic directions, follow the same path through the network but in opposite directions. The guarantee of congruency is based on modification of the Segment Identifier (SID) configuration at the source nodes of each tunnel. Accordingly, the present disclosure maintains compatibility with existing Segment Routing configurations with the modifications solely at the source nodes.1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon for programming a device to perform steps of:
obtaining one of a first label stack and a second label stack, wherein the first label stack is for a first tunnel from a first node A to a second node Z, wherein the first node A and the second node Z are two of a plurality of nodes in a Segment Routing (SR) network, and wherein the second label stack is for a second tunnel from the second node Z to the first node A; and determining next hop forwarding for a top label in the one of the first label stack and the second label stack in a deterministic manner so that the first tunnel and the second tunnel are congruent with one another. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the first tunnel and the second tunnel are each a unidirectional SR tunnel, but are guaranteed to be congruent based on the deterministic manner, thereby collectively operating as a bidirectional SR tunnel. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include one or more of prefix Segment Identifiers (SIDs) and adjacency SIDs. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the second label stack is determined based on inverting the first label stack. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the deterministic manner includes the determination of next hop forwarding from a same perspective between a master node and a slave node in the second tunnel as in the first tunnel, where the same perspective guarantees each of the plurality of nodes calculates a shortest path in a same manner. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the deterministic manner includes a recursive selection of one shortest path from a plurality of equal cost shortest paths. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include a prefix Segment Identifier (SID) that is defined as a congruency SID to denote a bidirectional congruent traffic flow. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a processor and memory storing instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to
obtain one of a first label stack and a second label stack, wherein the first label stack is for a first tunnel from a first node A to a second node Z, wherein the first node A and the second node Z are two of a plurality of nodes in a Segment Routing (SR) network, and wherein the second label stack is for a second tunnel from the second node Z to the first node A; and
determine next hop forwarding for a top label in the one of the first label stack and the second label stack in a deterministic manner so that the first tunnel and the second tunnel are congruent with one another. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first tunnel and the second tunnel are each a unidirectional SR tunnel, but are guaranteed to be congruent based on the deterministic manner, thereby collectively operating as a bidirectional SR tunnel. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include one or more of prefix Segment Identifiers (SIDs) and adjacency SIDs. 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the second label stack is determined based on inverting the first label stack. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the deterministic manner includes the determination of next hop forwarding from a same perspective between a master node and a slave node in the second tunnel as in the first tunnel, where the same perspective guarantees each of the plurality of nodes calculates a shortest path in a same manner. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the deterministic manner includes a recursive selection of one shortest path from a plurality of equal cost shortest paths. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include a prefix Segment Identifier (SID) that is defined as a congruency SID to denote a bidirectional congruent traffic flow. 15. A method comprising:
obtaining one of a first label stack and a second label stack, wherein the first label stack is for a first tunnel from a first node A to a second node Z, wherein the first node A and the second node Z are two of a plurality of nodes in a Segment Routing (SR) network, and wherein the second label stack is for a second tunnel from the second node Z to the first node A; and determining next hop forwarding for a top label in the one of the first label stack and the second label stack in a deterministic manner so that the first tunnel and the second tunnel are congruent with one another. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first tunnel and the second tunnel are each a unidirectional SR tunnel, but are guaranteed to be congruent based on the deterministic manner, thereby collectively operating as a bidirectional SR tunnel. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include one or more of prefix Segment Identifiers (SIDs) and adjacency SIDs. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the first label stack and the second label stack each include a prefix Segment Identifier (SID) that is defined as a congruency SID to denote a bidirectional congruent traffic flow. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the deterministic manner includes the determination of next hop forwarding from a same perspective between a master node and a slave node in the second tunnel as in the first tunnel, where the same perspective guarantees each of the plurality of nodes calculates a shortest path in a same manner. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the deterministic manner includes a recursive selection of one shortest path from a plurality of equal cost shortest paths. | 2,400 |
349,595 | 350,469 | 16,854,150 | 2,452 | A method of labeling logic number units in a storage system results in the use of the same label for related LUNs in different storage arrays. A first storage array includes a first source logical unit number LUN, the second storage array includes a first target LUN, and the first source LUN and the first target LUN are a pair of active-active LUNs. The first storage array sends an assignable-address set of selectable labels for the first source LUN to the address assignment apparatus. The second storage array sends an assignable-address set of selectable labels for the first target LUN to the address assignment apparatus. The address assignment apparatus selects a label that is in both assignable-address sets of the first source LUN and first target LUN, and assign that selected label to both LUNs. Thereafter, the address assignment apparatus sends the selected label to the first storage array and the second storage array for identifying both the first source LUN and the first target LUN. | 1. A storage system, comprising:
a host; a first storage array comprising a first source logical unit number (LUN) and a second source LUN, wherein the second source LUN is assigned to a virtual machine on the host, and the first source LUN is assigned to the second source LUN; a second storage array comprising a first target LUN and a second target LUN, wherein the second target LUN is assigned to the virtual machine, and the first target LUN is assigned to the second target LUN; and an address assignment apparatus, wherein the first storage array is configured to send an assignable-address set of the first source LUN to the address assignment apparatus, the assignable-address set of the first source LUN comprising a plurality of assignable labels of the first source LUN, wherein the second storage array is configured to send an assignable-address set of the first target LUN to the address assignment apparatus, the assignable-address set of the first target LUN comprising a plurality of assignable labels of the first target LUN, wherein the address assignment apparatus is configured to: select an assignable label for both the first source LUN and the first target LUN, the selected assignable label being located in both the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first source LUN and the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first target LUN; send the selected assignable label to the first storage array as an identifier for identifying the first source LUN; and send the selected assignable label to the second storage array as an identifier for identifying the first target LUN. 2. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the address assignment apparatus is configured to send a first address query command to the first storage array to query the assignable labels of the first source LUN, and the first storage array is configured to send the assignable-address set of the first source LUN to the address assignment apparatus in response to the first address query command, and the address assignment apparatus is further configured to send a second address query command to the second storage array to query the assignable labels of the first target LUN, and the second storage array is configured to send the assignable-address set of the first target LUN to the address assignment apparatus in response to the second address query command. 3. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the first storage array is further configured to: generate the plurality of assignable labels of the first source LUN, after assigning the first source LUN to the second source LUN, wherein each assignable label of the first source LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second source LUN and a host LUN ID of the first source LUN; and the second storage array is further configured to: generate the plurality of assignable labels of the first target LUN, after assigning the first target LUN to the second source LUN, wherein each assignable label of the first target LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second target LUN and a host LUN ID of the first target LUN. 4. The storage system according to claim 3, wherein the host LUN ID of the second source LUN and the host LUN ID of the second target LUN are identical. 5. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein the address assignment apparatus is located in the host. 6. An address assignment apparatus, comprising:
an interface configured for communicating with a first storage array and a second storage array, wherein the first storage array comprises a first source logical unit number (LUN) and a second source LUN, wherein the second source LUN is assigned to a virtual machine of a host, the first source LUN being assigned to the second source LUN, wherein the second storage array comprises a first target LUN and a second source LUN, wherein the second target LUN is assigned to the virtual machine, the first target LUN being assigned to the second target LUN; and a processor configured to receive, via the interface, an assignable-address set of the first source LUN sent by the first storage array, wherein the assignable-address set of the first source LUN comprises a plurality of assignable labels of the first source LUN; receive, via the interface, an assignable-address set of the first target LUN sent by the second storage array, wherein the assignable-address set of the first target LUN comprises a plurality of assignable labels of the first target LUN; select an assignable label for both of the first source LUN and the first target LUN, the selected assignable label being located in both the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first source LUN and the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first target LUN; send the selected assignable label to the first storage array as an identifier for identifying that the first source LUN; and send the selected assignable label to the second storage array as an identifier for identifying the first target LUN. 7. The address assignment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
send a first address query command to the first storage array to query the assignable labels of the first source LUN; and send a second address query command to the second storage array to query the assignable labels of the first target LUN. 8. The address assignment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each assignable label of the first source LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second source LUN and a host LUN ID of the first source LUN, and each assignable label of the first target LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second target LUN and a host LUN ID of the first target LUN. 9. The address assignment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the host LUN ID of the second source LUN and the host LUN ID of the second target LUN are identical. 10. An address assignment method performed by an address assignment apparatus in a storage system, comprising:
receiving, from a first storage array in the storage system, an assignable-address set of a first source logical unit number (LUN) of the first storage array, wherein the assignable-address set of the first source LUN comprises a plurality of assignable labels of the first source LUN, the first source LUN being assigned to a second source LUN, and the second source LUN is assigned to a virtual machine of a host; receiving, from a second storage array in the storage system, an assignable-address set of a first target LUN of the second storage array, wherein the assignable-address set of the first target LUN comprises a plurality of assignable labels of the first target LUN, the first target LUN is assigned to a second target LUN of the second storage array, and the second target LUN is assigned to the virtual machine of the host; selecting an assignable label for both the first source LUN and the first target LUN, the selected assignable label being located in both the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first source LUN and the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first target LUN; sending the selected assignable label to the first storage array as an identifier for identifying the first source LUN; and sending the selected assignable label to the second storage array as an identifier for identifying the first target LUN. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
sending a first address query command to the first storage array to query the assignable labels of the first source LUN; and sending a second address query command to the second storage array to query the assignable labels of the first target LUN. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein each assignable label of the first source LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second source LUN and a host LUN ID of the first source LUN, and each assignable label of the first target LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second target LUN and a host LUN ID of the first target LUN. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the host LUN ID of the second source LUN and the host LUN ID of the second target LUN are identical. | A method of labeling logic number units in a storage system results in the use of the same label for related LUNs in different storage arrays. A first storage array includes a first source logical unit number LUN, the second storage array includes a first target LUN, and the first source LUN and the first target LUN are a pair of active-active LUNs. The first storage array sends an assignable-address set of selectable labels for the first source LUN to the address assignment apparatus. The second storage array sends an assignable-address set of selectable labels for the first target LUN to the address assignment apparatus. The address assignment apparatus selects a label that is in both assignable-address sets of the first source LUN and first target LUN, and assign that selected label to both LUNs. Thereafter, the address assignment apparatus sends the selected label to the first storage array and the second storage array for identifying both the first source LUN and the first target LUN.1. A storage system, comprising:
a host; a first storage array comprising a first source logical unit number (LUN) and a second source LUN, wherein the second source LUN is assigned to a virtual machine on the host, and the first source LUN is assigned to the second source LUN; a second storage array comprising a first target LUN and a second target LUN, wherein the second target LUN is assigned to the virtual machine, and the first target LUN is assigned to the second target LUN; and an address assignment apparatus, wherein the first storage array is configured to send an assignable-address set of the first source LUN to the address assignment apparatus, the assignable-address set of the first source LUN comprising a plurality of assignable labels of the first source LUN, wherein the second storage array is configured to send an assignable-address set of the first target LUN to the address assignment apparatus, the assignable-address set of the first target LUN comprising a plurality of assignable labels of the first target LUN, wherein the address assignment apparatus is configured to: select an assignable label for both the first source LUN and the first target LUN, the selected assignable label being located in both the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first source LUN and the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first target LUN; send the selected assignable label to the first storage array as an identifier for identifying the first source LUN; and send the selected assignable label to the second storage array as an identifier for identifying the first target LUN. 2. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the address assignment apparatus is configured to send a first address query command to the first storage array to query the assignable labels of the first source LUN, and the first storage array is configured to send the assignable-address set of the first source LUN to the address assignment apparatus in response to the first address query command, and the address assignment apparatus is further configured to send a second address query command to the second storage array to query the assignable labels of the first target LUN, and the second storage array is configured to send the assignable-address set of the first target LUN to the address assignment apparatus in response to the second address query command. 3. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the first storage array is further configured to: generate the plurality of assignable labels of the first source LUN, after assigning the first source LUN to the second source LUN, wherein each assignable label of the first source LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second source LUN and a host LUN ID of the first source LUN; and the second storage array is further configured to: generate the plurality of assignable labels of the first target LUN, after assigning the first target LUN to the second source LUN, wherein each assignable label of the first target LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second target LUN and a host LUN ID of the first target LUN. 4. The storage system according to claim 3, wherein the host LUN ID of the second source LUN and the host LUN ID of the second target LUN are identical. 5. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein the address assignment apparatus is located in the host. 6. An address assignment apparatus, comprising:
an interface configured for communicating with a first storage array and a second storage array, wherein the first storage array comprises a first source logical unit number (LUN) and a second source LUN, wherein the second source LUN is assigned to a virtual machine of a host, the first source LUN being assigned to the second source LUN, wherein the second storage array comprises a first target LUN and a second source LUN, wherein the second target LUN is assigned to the virtual machine, the first target LUN being assigned to the second target LUN; and a processor configured to receive, via the interface, an assignable-address set of the first source LUN sent by the first storage array, wherein the assignable-address set of the first source LUN comprises a plurality of assignable labels of the first source LUN; receive, via the interface, an assignable-address set of the first target LUN sent by the second storage array, wherein the assignable-address set of the first target LUN comprises a plurality of assignable labels of the first target LUN; select an assignable label for both of the first source LUN and the first target LUN, the selected assignable label being located in both the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first source LUN and the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first target LUN; send the selected assignable label to the first storage array as an identifier for identifying that the first source LUN; and send the selected assignable label to the second storage array as an identifier for identifying the first target LUN. 7. The address assignment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
send a first address query command to the first storage array to query the assignable labels of the first source LUN; and send a second address query command to the second storage array to query the assignable labels of the first target LUN. 8. The address assignment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each assignable label of the first source LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second source LUN and a host LUN ID of the first source LUN, and each assignable label of the first target LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second target LUN and a host LUN ID of the first target LUN. 9. The address assignment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the host LUN ID of the second source LUN and the host LUN ID of the second target LUN are identical. 10. An address assignment method performed by an address assignment apparatus in a storage system, comprising:
receiving, from a first storage array in the storage system, an assignable-address set of a first source logical unit number (LUN) of the first storage array, wherein the assignable-address set of the first source LUN comprises a plurality of assignable labels of the first source LUN, the first source LUN being assigned to a second source LUN, and the second source LUN is assigned to a virtual machine of a host; receiving, from a second storage array in the storage system, an assignable-address set of a first target LUN of the second storage array, wherein the assignable-address set of the first target LUN comprises a plurality of assignable labels of the first target LUN, the first target LUN is assigned to a second target LUN of the second storage array, and the second target LUN is assigned to the virtual machine of the host; selecting an assignable label for both the first source LUN and the first target LUN, the selected assignable label being located in both the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first source LUN and the assignable-address set of assignable labels of the first target LUN; sending the selected assignable label to the first storage array as an identifier for identifying the first source LUN; and sending the selected assignable label to the second storage array as an identifier for identifying the first target LUN. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
sending a first address query command to the first storage array to query the assignable labels of the first source LUN; and sending a second address query command to the second storage array to query the assignable labels of the first target LUN. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein each assignable label of the first source LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second source LUN and a host LUN ID of the first source LUN, and each assignable label of the first target LUN comprises a host LUN ID of the second target LUN and a host LUN ID of the first target LUN. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the host LUN ID of the second source LUN and the host LUN ID of the second target LUN are identical. | 2,400 |
349,596 | 350,470 | 16,854,147 | 2,452 | The present disclosure provides a method, a device, a system, and a storage medium for SOC correction for a battery. The method includes determining a current OCV measurement value of the battery, and determining whether the current OCV measurement value is within a hysteresis voltage interval; determining, when the current OCV measurement value is within the hysteresis voltage interval, a charging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the charging state and a discharging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the discharging state; and determining, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value to correct a current SOC value of the battery. The embodiments of the present disclosure may implement SOC correction for the battery having a hysteresis characteristic to improve estimation accuracy of the battery SOC. | 1. A state of charge (SOC) correction method for a battery, comprising:
determining a current open-circuit voltage (OCV) measurement value of the battery, and determining whether the current OCV measurement value is within a hysteresis voltage interval, wherein an OCV measurement value within the hysteresis voltage interval satisfies:
when a SOC value of the battery in a charging state is equal to a SOC value of the battery in a discharging state, an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the charging state is different from an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the discharging state;
determining, when the current OCV measurement value is within the hysteresis voltage interval, a charging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the charging state and a discharging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the discharging state; and determining, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value to correct a current SOC value of the battery. 2. The SOC correction method of claim 1, wherein:
when the current SOC value is less than a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval, the SOC correction target value is the lower boundary value; and when the current SOC value is greater than an upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval, the SOC correction target value is the upper boundary value; wherein the lower boundary value is a smaller one of the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, and the upper boundary value is a greater one of the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value. 3. The SOC correction method of claim 1, wherein the determining, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value comprises:
determining a SOC change path formed by the current SOC value and a historical SOC value, and obtaining a current estimated OCV value based on processing of the SOC change path by an OCV estimation model component; determining, based on the SOC confidence interval and a preset error-range-equal-division parameter, an SOC correction variation for each correction, when an absolute value of a voltage difference between the current estimated OCV value and the current OCV measurement value is greater than or equal to a voltage difference threshold; correcting, based on the SOC correction variation and a sign of the voltage difference, the current SOC value to obtain a corrected value of the current SOC value; and determining a new SOC change path formed by the corrected value of the current SOC value and the historical SOC value, and determining the corrected value of the current SOC value as the SOC correction target value until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the voltage difference threshold. 4. The SOC correction method of claim 3, wherein the obtaining a current estimated OCV value based on processing of the SOC change path by an OCV estimation model component comprises:
determining, based on the current SOC value and a correspondence between the SOC of the battery in the charging state and the OCV, a first OCV value corresponding to the current SOC value; determining, based on the current SOC value and a correspondence between the SOC of the battery in the discharging state and the OCV, a second OCV value corresponding to the current SOC value; and determining, based on the processing of the SOC change path by the OCV estimation model component, an OCV weight factor, and merging the first OCV value and the second OCV value using the OCV weight factor to obtain the current estimated OCV value. 5. The SOC correction method of claim 3, wherein
the historical SOC value includes: sequentially pre-recorded N SOC values of the battery corresponding to N changes in current direction, wherein an Nth SOC value is a SOC value when a previous change occurs in current direction with respect to the current SOC value, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1; and the SOC change path includes: each of historical SOC values acquired in sequence based on recording time, and the current SOC value. 6. The SOC correction method of claim 4, wherein the determining, based on the processing of the SOC change path by the OCV estimation model component, an OCV weight factor comprises:
determining, based on a sequence of recording time of the SOC values in the SOC change path, each change in current direction and a SOC variation corresponding to each change in current direction sequentially; determining, based on a first change in current direction and a SOC variation corresponding to the first change in current direction, an initial value of a hysteresis operator; updating, based on a change in current direction other than the first change and a SOC variation corresponding to the change in current direction other than the first change, the hysteresis operator; and merging, using a pre-calibrated weight factor of the hysteresis operator, the updated hysteresis operator to obtain the OCV weight factor. 7. The SOC correction method of claim 3, wherein the determining, based on the SOC confidence interval and a preset error-range-equal-division parameter, an SOC correction variation for each correction comprises:
determining a difference between a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and the current SOC value as a lower boundary value of an error range for the current SOC value; determining a difference between a upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and the current SOC value as a upper boundary value of the error range for the current SOC value; and equally dividing, using the preset error-range-equal-division parameter, the error range for the current SOC value determined by the lower boundary value and the upper boundary value of the error range for the current SOC value, to obtain the SOC correction variation for each correction. 8. The SOC correction method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on the charging SOC value or the discharging SOC value, the SOC correction target value to correct the current SOC value, when the current OCV measurement value is within a non-hysteresis voltage interval outside the hysteresis voltage interval. 9. The SOC correction method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the SOC correction target value is the current SOC value, when the current SOC value is greater than the lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and less than the upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval. 10. A state of charge (SOC) correction device for a battery, comprising:
a voltage measurement value determination module configured to determine a current open-circuit voltage (OCV) measurement value of the battery, and determine whether the current OCV measurement value is within a hysteresis voltage interval, wherein an OCV measurement value within the hysteresis voltage interval satisfies:
when a SOC value of the battery in a charging state is equal to a SOC value of the battery in a discharging state, an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the charging state is different from an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the discharging state;
a SOC determination module configured to determine, when the current OCV measurement value is within the hysteresis voltage interval, a charging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the charging state and a discharging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the discharging state; and a SOC correction module configured to determine, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value to correct a current SOC value of the battery. 11. The SOC correction device of claim 10, wherein the SOC correction module configured to determine the SOC correction target value to be the current SOC value when the current SOC value is greater than a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and less than an upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval. 12. A state of charge (SOC) correction system for a battery, comprising: a memory and a processor, wherein:
the memory is configured to store executable program codes; and the processor is configured to read the executable program codes stored in the memory to: determine a current open-circuit voltage (OCV) measurement value of the battery, and determine whether the current OCV measurement value is within a hysteresis voltage interval, wherein an OCV measurement value within the hysteresis voltage interval satisfies:
when a SOC value of the battery in a charging state is equal to a SOC value of the battery in a discharging state, an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the charging state is different from an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the discharging state;
determine, when the current OCV measurement value is within the hysteresis voltage interval, a charging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the charging state and a discharging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the discharging state; and determine, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value to correct a current SOC value of the battery. 13. The SOC correction system of claim 12, wherein:
when the current SOC value is less than a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval, the SOC correction target value is the lower boundary value; and when the current SOC value is greater than an upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval, the SOC correction target value is the upper boundary value; wherein the lower boundary value is a smaller one of the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, and the upper boundary value is a greater one of the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value. 14. The SOC correction system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a SOC change path formed by the current SOC value and a historical SOC value, and obtain a current estimated OCV value based on processing of the SOC change path by an OCV estimation model component; determine, based on the SOC confidence interval and a preset error-range-equal-division parameter, an SOC correction variation for each correction, when an absolute value of a voltage difference between the current estimated OCV value and the current OCV measurement value is greater than or equal to a voltage difference threshold; correct, based on the SOC correction variation and a sign of the voltage difference, the current SOC value to obtain a corrected value of the current SOC value; and determine a new SOC change path formed by the corrected value of the current SOC value and the historical SOC value, and determine the corrected value of the current SOC value as the SOC correction target value until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the voltage difference threshold. 15. The SOC correction system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine, based on the current SOC value and a correspondence between the SOC of the battery in the charging state and the OCV, a first OCV value corresponding to the current SOC value; determine, based on the current SOC value and a correspondence between the SOC of the battery in the discharging state and the OCV, a second OCV value corresponding to the current SOC value; and determine, based on the processing of the SOC change path by the OCV estimation model component, an OCV weight factor, and merge the first OCV value and the second OCV value using the OCV weight factor to obtain the current estimated OCV value. 16. The SOC correction system of claim 14, wherein
the historical SOC value includes: sequentially pre-recorded N SOC values of the battery corresponding to N changes in current direction, wherein an Nth SOC value is a SOC value when a previous change occurs in current direction with respect to the current SOC value, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1; and the SOC change path includes: each of historical SOC values acquired in sequence based on recording time, and the current SOC value. 17. The SOC correction system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine, based on a sequence of recording time of the SOC values in the SOC change path, each change in current direction and a SOC variation corresponding to each change in current direction sequentially; determine, based on a first change in current direction and a SOC variation corresponding to the first change in current direction, an initial value of a hysteresis operator; update, based on a change in current direction other than the first change and a SOC variation corresponding to the change in current direction other than the first change, the hysteresis operator; and merge, using a pre-calibrated weight factor of the hysteresis operator, the updated hysteresis operator to obtain the OCV weight factor. 18. The SOC correction system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a difference between a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and the current SOC value as a lower boundary value of an error range for the current SOC value; determine a difference between a upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and the current SOC value as a upper boundary value of the error range for the current SOC value; and equally divide, using the preset error-range-equal-division parameter, the error range for the current SOC value determined by the lower boundary value and the upper boundary value of the error range for the current SOC value, to obtain the SOC correction variation for each correction. 19. The SOC correction system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine, based on the charging SOC value or the discharging SOC value, the SOC correction target value to correct the current SOC value, when the current OCV measurement value is within a non-hysteresis voltage interval outside the hysteresis voltage interval. 20. The SOC correction system of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine that the SOC correction target value is the current SOC value, when the current SOC value is greater than the lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and less than the upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval. | The present disclosure provides a method, a device, a system, and a storage medium for SOC correction for a battery. The method includes determining a current OCV measurement value of the battery, and determining whether the current OCV measurement value is within a hysteresis voltage interval; determining, when the current OCV measurement value is within the hysteresis voltage interval, a charging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the charging state and a discharging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the discharging state; and determining, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value to correct a current SOC value of the battery. The embodiments of the present disclosure may implement SOC correction for the battery having a hysteresis characteristic to improve estimation accuracy of the battery SOC.1. A state of charge (SOC) correction method for a battery, comprising:
determining a current open-circuit voltage (OCV) measurement value of the battery, and determining whether the current OCV measurement value is within a hysteresis voltage interval, wherein an OCV measurement value within the hysteresis voltage interval satisfies:
when a SOC value of the battery in a charging state is equal to a SOC value of the battery in a discharging state, an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the charging state is different from an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the discharging state;
determining, when the current OCV measurement value is within the hysteresis voltage interval, a charging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the charging state and a discharging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the discharging state; and determining, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value to correct a current SOC value of the battery. 2. The SOC correction method of claim 1, wherein:
when the current SOC value is less than a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval, the SOC correction target value is the lower boundary value; and when the current SOC value is greater than an upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval, the SOC correction target value is the upper boundary value; wherein the lower boundary value is a smaller one of the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, and the upper boundary value is a greater one of the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value. 3. The SOC correction method of claim 1, wherein the determining, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value comprises:
determining a SOC change path formed by the current SOC value and a historical SOC value, and obtaining a current estimated OCV value based on processing of the SOC change path by an OCV estimation model component; determining, based on the SOC confidence interval and a preset error-range-equal-division parameter, an SOC correction variation for each correction, when an absolute value of a voltage difference between the current estimated OCV value and the current OCV measurement value is greater than or equal to a voltage difference threshold; correcting, based on the SOC correction variation and a sign of the voltage difference, the current SOC value to obtain a corrected value of the current SOC value; and determining a new SOC change path formed by the corrected value of the current SOC value and the historical SOC value, and determining the corrected value of the current SOC value as the SOC correction target value until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the voltage difference threshold. 4. The SOC correction method of claim 3, wherein the obtaining a current estimated OCV value based on processing of the SOC change path by an OCV estimation model component comprises:
determining, based on the current SOC value and a correspondence between the SOC of the battery in the charging state and the OCV, a first OCV value corresponding to the current SOC value; determining, based on the current SOC value and a correspondence between the SOC of the battery in the discharging state and the OCV, a second OCV value corresponding to the current SOC value; and determining, based on the processing of the SOC change path by the OCV estimation model component, an OCV weight factor, and merging the first OCV value and the second OCV value using the OCV weight factor to obtain the current estimated OCV value. 5. The SOC correction method of claim 3, wherein
the historical SOC value includes: sequentially pre-recorded N SOC values of the battery corresponding to N changes in current direction, wherein an Nth SOC value is a SOC value when a previous change occurs in current direction with respect to the current SOC value, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1; and the SOC change path includes: each of historical SOC values acquired in sequence based on recording time, and the current SOC value. 6. The SOC correction method of claim 4, wherein the determining, based on the processing of the SOC change path by the OCV estimation model component, an OCV weight factor comprises:
determining, based on a sequence of recording time of the SOC values in the SOC change path, each change in current direction and a SOC variation corresponding to each change in current direction sequentially; determining, based on a first change in current direction and a SOC variation corresponding to the first change in current direction, an initial value of a hysteresis operator; updating, based on a change in current direction other than the first change and a SOC variation corresponding to the change in current direction other than the first change, the hysteresis operator; and merging, using a pre-calibrated weight factor of the hysteresis operator, the updated hysteresis operator to obtain the OCV weight factor. 7. The SOC correction method of claim 3, wherein the determining, based on the SOC confidence interval and a preset error-range-equal-division parameter, an SOC correction variation for each correction comprises:
determining a difference between a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and the current SOC value as a lower boundary value of an error range for the current SOC value; determining a difference between a upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and the current SOC value as a upper boundary value of the error range for the current SOC value; and equally dividing, using the preset error-range-equal-division parameter, the error range for the current SOC value determined by the lower boundary value and the upper boundary value of the error range for the current SOC value, to obtain the SOC correction variation for each correction. 8. The SOC correction method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on the charging SOC value or the discharging SOC value, the SOC correction target value to correct the current SOC value, when the current OCV measurement value is within a non-hysteresis voltage interval outside the hysteresis voltage interval. 9. The SOC correction method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the SOC correction target value is the current SOC value, when the current SOC value is greater than the lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and less than the upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval. 10. A state of charge (SOC) correction device for a battery, comprising:
a voltage measurement value determination module configured to determine a current open-circuit voltage (OCV) measurement value of the battery, and determine whether the current OCV measurement value is within a hysteresis voltage interval, wherein an OCV measurement value within the hysteresis voltage interval satisfies:
when a SOC value of the battery in a charging state is equal to a SOC value of the battery in a discharging state, an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the charging state is different from an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the discharging state;
a SOC determination module configured to determine, when the current OCV measurement value is within the hysteresis voltage interval, a charging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the charging state and a discharging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the discharging state; and a SOC correction module configured to determine, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value to correct a current SOC value of the battery. 11. The SOC correction device of claim 10, wherein the SOC correction module configured to determine the SOC correction target value to be the current SOC value when the current SOC value is greater than a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and less than an upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval. 12. A state of charge (SOC) correction system for a battery, comprising: a memory and a processor, wherein:
the memory is configured to store executable program codes; and the processor is configured to read the executable program codes stored in the memory to: determine a current open-circuit voltage (OCV) measurement value of the battery, and determine whether the current OCV measurement value is within a hysteresis voltage interval, wherein an OCV measurement value within the hysteresis voltage interval satisfies:
when a SOC value of the battery in a charging state is equal to a SOC value of the battery in a discharging state, an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the charging state is different from an OCV value corresponding to the SOC value of the battery in the discharging state;
determine, when the current OCV measurement value is within the hysteresis voltage interval, a charging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the charging state and a discharging SOC value corresponding to the current OCV measurement value in the discharging state; and determine, based on a SOC confidence interval determined from the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, a SOC correction target value to correct a current SOC value of the battery. 13. The SOC correction system of claim 12, wherein:
when the current SOC value is less than a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval, the SOC correction target value is the lower boundary value; and when the current SOC value is greater than an upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval, the SOC correction target value is the upper boundary value; wherein the lower boundary value is a smaller one of the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value, and the upper boundary value is a greater one of the charging SOC value and the discharging SOC value. 14. The SOC correction system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a SOC change path formed by the current SOC value and a historical SOC value, and obtain a current estimated OCV value based on processing of the SOC change path by an OCV estimation model component; determine, based on the SOC confidence interval and a preset error-range-equal-division parameter, an SOC correction variation for each correction, when an absolute value of a voltage difference between the current estimated OCV value and the current OCV measurement value is greater than or equal to a voltage difference threshold; correct, based on the SOC correction variation and a sign of the voltage difference, the current SOC value to obtain a corrected value of the current SOC value; and determine a new SOC change path formed by the corrected value of the current SOC value and the historical SOC value, and determine the corrected value of the current SOC value as the SOC correction target value until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the voltage difference threshold. 15. The SOC correction system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine, based on the current SOC value and a correspondence between the SOC of the battery in the charging state and the OCV, a first OCV value corresponding to the current SOC value; determine, based on the current SOC value and a correspondence between the SOC of the battery in the discharging state and the OCV, a second OCV value corresponding to the current SOC value; and determine, based on the processing of the SOC change path by the OCV estimation model component, an OCV weight factor, and merge the first OCV value and the second OCV value using the OCV weight factor to obtain the current estimated OCV value. 16. The SOC correction system of claim 14, wherein
the historical SOC value includes: sequentially pre-recorded N SOC values of the battery corresponding to N changes in current direction, wherein an Nth SOC value is a SOC value when a previous change occurs in current direction with respect to the current SOC value, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1; and the SOC change path includes: each of historical SOC values acquired in sequence based on recording time, and the current SOC value. 17. The SOC correction system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine, based on a sequence of recording time of the SOC values in the SOC change path, each change in current direction and a SOC variation corresponding to each change in current direction sequentially; determine, based on a first change in current direction and a SOC variation corresponding to the first change in current direction, an initial value of a hysteresis operator; update, based on a change in current direction other than the first change and a SOC variation corresponding to the change in current direction other than the first change, the hysteresis operator; and merge, using a pre-calibrated weight factor of the hysteresis operator, the updated hysteresis operator to obtain the OCV weight factor. 18. The SOC correction system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a difference between a lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and the current SOC value as a lower boundary value of an error range for the current SOC value; determine a difference between a upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and the current SOC value as a upper boundary value of the error range for the current SOC value; and equally divide, using the preset error-range-equal-division parameter, the error range for the current SOC value determined by the lower boundary value and the upper boundary value of the error range for the current SOC value, to obtain the SOC correction variation for each correction. 19. The SOC correction system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine, based on the charging SOC value or the discharging SOC value, the SOC correction target value to correct the current SOC value, when the current OCV measurement value is within a non-hysteresis voltage interval outside the hysteresis voltage interval. 20. The SOC correction system of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine that the SOC correction target value is the current SOC value, when the current SOC value is greater than the lower boundary value of the SOC confidence interval and less than the upper boundary value of the SOC confidence interval. | 2,400 |
349,597 | 350,471 | 16,854,140 | 2,452 | A method for service selection in mobile networks includes receiving from a control plane, a request for a user plane instance. The user plane instance is configured to perform packet processing for a user equipment during a communication session. The method also includes identifying a plurality of user plane instance candidates associated with a base station in communication with the user equipment. The plurality of user plane instance candidates is configurable by the control plane. For each user plane instance candidate, the method includes determining one or more selection parameters corresponding to a subset of key performance indicators for the base station. The method further includes selecting one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for the user plane instance from the control plane based on the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, at data processing hardware, from a control plane, a request for a user plane instance in a packet core network, the user plane instance configured to perform packet processing for a user equipment during a communication session; identifying, by the data processing hardware, a plurality of user plane instance candidates associated with a base station in communication with the user equipment, the plurality of user plane instance candidates configurable by the control plane; for each user plane instance candidate, determining, by the data processing hardware, one or more selection parameters corresponding to a subset of key performance indicators for the base station in communication with the user equipment; and selecting, by the data processing hardware, one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for the user plane instance from the control plane based on the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the data processing hardware, a list of user plane instance candidates based on the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates; and wherein selecting the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises sequentially selecting the user plane instance candidate from the list of user plane instance candidates based on a previously selected user plane instance from the list of user plane instance candidates. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
assigning, by the data processing hardware, a corresponding weight to each user plane instance candidate of the plurality of user plane instance candidates, the corresponding weight representing the one or more selection parameters determined for the corresponding user plane instance candidate; ranking, by the data processing hardware, the plurality of user plane instance candidates based on the corresponding weight to each user plane instance candidate of the plurality of user plane instance candidates, and wherein selecting the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises selecting the user plane instance candidate having a highest ranking as the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfil the request for the user plane instance. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises, determining, by the data processing hardware, that the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates satisfies a selection criteria, the selection criteria corresponding to a minima or a maxima of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
one of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates comprises a latency measurement associated with the corresponding user plane instance candidate; and the selection criteria comprises a lowest one of the latency measurements associated with the plurality of user plane instance candidates. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein:
one of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates comprises a load associated with the corresponding user plane instance candidate; and the selection criteria comprises a lowest one of the loads associated with the plurality of user plane instance candidates. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises using a machine learning selection model configured to receive the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates and a selection criteria, and
wherein the machine learning selection model is trained on a plurality of training groups, each training group comprising a plurality of training user plane instances, each training user plane instance in the corresponding training group associated with one or more corresponding selection parameters and a selection criteria label, the selection criteria label indicating whether or not the corresponding training user plane instances satisfy the selection criteria. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the selection criteria comprises a time of day and at least one of:
a base station node internet protocol address; an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service Terrestrial Radio Access Network cell global identifier (ECGI); an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI); or an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the selection criteria further comprises at least one of a lowest latency or a lowest rate of transport control protocol retransmissions. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving, by the data processing hardware, a packet core network identifier at a given time of day, and wherein the machine learning selection model uses the packet core network identifier at the given time of day to select the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for user plane instance. 11. The method of claim 7, receiving, by the data processing hardware, a packet core network identifier at a given time of day, and
wherein the selection of the user plane instance by the machine learning selection model is based on the packet core network identifier at the given time of day and the user equipment associated with the request. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the packet core network identifier comprises a base station node internet protocol address or an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service Terrestrial Radio Access Network cell global identifier. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the packet core network identifier comprises a base station node internet protocol address or an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service Terrestrial Radio Access Network cell global identifier. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet core network comprises a fifth generation (5G) core infrastructure. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet core network comprises an evolved packet core network infrastructure for a fourth generation (4G) core infrastructure. 16. A method comprising:
receiving, at data processing hardware, from a session manager of a packet core network, a request for a control plane instance in the packet core network, the control plane instance configured to route packets for a user equipment during a communication session; identifying, by the data processing hardware, a plurality of control plane instance candidates associated with a mobility manager of the packet core network, the plurality of control plane instance candidates configured to serve a geographic region of the mobility manager; for each control plane instance candidate, determining, by the data processing hardware, one or more selection parameters corresponding to a subset of key performance indicators for the mobility manager in communication with the user equipment; and selecting, by the data processing hardware, a respective control plane-instance candidate to fulfill the request for the control plane instance from the session manager based on the determined one or more selection parameters. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the session manager comprises a session management function of the packet core network, the packet core network comprising a fifth generation (5G) core infrastructure. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the session manager corresponds to a gateway of the packet core network, the packet core network comprising a fourth generation (4G) core infrastructure. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
generating, by the data processing hardware, a list of control plane instance candidates based on the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates; and wherein selecting the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises sequentially selecting the control plane instance candidate from the list of control plane instance candidates based on a previously selected control plane instance from the list of control plane instance candidates. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
assigning, by the data processing hardware, a corresponding weight to each control plane instance candidate of the plurality of control plane instance candidates, the corresponding weight representing the one or more selection parameters determined for the corresponding control plane instance candidate; ranking, by the data processing hardware, the plurality of control plane instance candidates based on the corresponding weight to each control plane instance candidate of the plurality of control plane instance candidates, and wherein selecting the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises selecting the control plane instance candidate having a highest ranking as the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfil the request for the control plane instance. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises, determining, by the data processing hardware, that the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates satisfies a selection criteria, the selection criteria corresponding to a minima or a maxima of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein:
one of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates comprises a latency measurement associated with the corresponding control plane instance candidate; and the selection criteria comprises a lowest one of the latency measurements associated with the plurality of control plane instance candidates. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein:
one of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates comprises a load associated with the corresponding control plane instance candidate; and the selection criteria comprises a lowest one of the loads associated with the plurality of control plane instance candidates. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises using a machine learning selection model configured to receive the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates and a selection criteria, and
wherein the machine learning selection model is trained on a plurality of training groups, each training group comprising a plurality of training control plane instances, each training control plane instance in the corresponding training group associated with one or more corresponding selection parameters and a selection criteria label, the selection criteria label indicating whether or not the corresponding training control plane instances satisfy the selection criteria. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the selection criteria comprises a time of day and at least one of:
a Mobile Management Entity (MME); an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF); an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI); or an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the selection criteria further comprises at least one of a lowest latency or a lowest rate of General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol retransmissions. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, by the data processing hardware, an identifier of a mobility manager at a given time of day, and wherein the machine learning selection model uses the identifier of the mobility manager at the given time of day to select the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for control plane instance. 28. The method of claim 24, receiving, by the data processing hardware, a packet core network identifier at a given time of day, and
wherein the machine learning selection model uses the identifier of the mobility manager at the given time of day and the user equipment associated with the request to select the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for control plane instance. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the identifier of the mobility manager identifies a Mobile Management Entity (MME). 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the identifier of the mobility manager identifies an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF). | A method for service selection in mobile networks includes receiving from a control plane, a request for a user plane instance. The user plane instance is configured to perform packet processing for a user equipment during a communication session. The method also includes identifying a plurality of user plane instance candidates associated with a base station in communication with the user equipment. The plurality of user plane instance candidates is configurable by the control plane. For each user plane instance candidate, the method includes determining one or more selection parameters corresponding to a subset of key performance indicators for the base station. The method further includes selecting one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for the user plane instance from the control plane based on the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates.1. A method comprising:
receiving, at data processing hardware, from a control plane, a request for a user plane instance in a packet core network, the user plane instance configured to perform packet processing for a user equipment during a communication session; identifying, by the data processing hardware, a plurality of user plane instance candidates associated with a base station in communication with the user equipment, the plurality of user plane instance candidates configurable by the control plane; for each user plane instance candidate, determining, by the data processing hardware, one or more selection parameters corresponding to a subset of key performance indicators for the base station in communication with the user equipment; and selecting, by the data processing hardware, one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for the user plane instance from the control plane based on the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the data processing hardware, a list of user plane instance candidates based on the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates; and wherein selecting the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises sequentially selecting the user plane instance candidate from the list of user plane instance candidates based on a previously selected user plane instance from the list of user plane instance candidates. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
assigning, by the data processing hardware, a corresponding weight to each user plane instance candidate of the plurality of user plane instance candidates, the corresponding weight representing the one or more selection parameters determined for the corresponding user plane instance candidate; ranking, by the data processing hardware, the plurality of user plane instance candidates based on the corresponding weight to each user plane instance candidate of the plurality of user plane instance candidates, and wherein selecting the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises selecting the user plane instance candidate having a highest ranking as the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfil the request for the user plane instance. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises, determining, by the data processing hardware, that the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates satisfies a selection criteria, the selection criteria corresponding to a minima or a maxima of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
one of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates comprises a latency measurement associated with the corresponding user plane instance candidate; and the selection criteria comprises a lowest one of the latency measurements associated with the plurality of user plane instance candidates. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein:
one of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates comprises a load associated with the corresponding user plane instance candidate; and the selection criteria comprises a lowest one of the loads associated with the plurality of user plane instance candidates. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises using a machine learning selection model configured to receive the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of user plane instance candidates and a selection criteria, and
wherein the machine learning selection model is trained on a plurality of training groups, each training group comprising a plurality of training user plane instances, each training user plane instance in the corresponding training group associated with one or more corresponding selection parameters and a selection criteria label, the selection criteria label indicating whether or not the corresponding training user plane instances satisfy the selection criteria. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the selection criteria comprises a time of day and at least one of:
a base station node internet protocol address; an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service Terrestrial Radio Access Network cell global identifier (ECGI); an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI); or an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the selection criteria further comprises at least one of a lowest latency or a lowest rate of transport control protocol retransmissions. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving, by the data processing hardware, a packet core network identifier at a given time of day, and wherein the machine learning selection model uses the packet core network identifier at the given time of day to select the one of the plurality of user plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for user plane instance. 11. The method of claim 7, receiving, by the data processing hardware, a packet core network identifier at a given time of day, and
wherein the selection of the user plane instance by the machine learning selection model is based on the packet core network identifier at the given time of day and the user equipment associated with the request. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the packet core network identifier comprises a base station node internet protocol address or an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service Terrestrial Radio Access Network cell global identifier. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the packet core network identifier comprises a base station node internet protocol address or an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service Terrestrial Radio Access Network cell global identifier. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet core network comprises a fifth generation (5G) core infrastructure. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet core network comprises an evolved packet core network infrastructure for a fourth generation (4G) core infrastructure. 16. A method comprising:
receiving, at data processing hardware, from a session manager of a packet core network, a request for a control plane instance in the packet core network, the control plane instance configured to route packets for a user equipment during a communication session; identifying, by the data processing hardware, a plurality of control plane instance candidates associated with a mobility manager of the packet core network, the plurality of control plane instance candidates configured to serve a geographic region of the mobility manager; for each control plane instance candidate, determining, by the data processing hardware, one or more selection parameters corresponding to a subset of key performance indicators for the mobility manager in communication with the user equipment; and selecting, by the data processing hardware, a respective control plane-instance candidate to fulfill the request for the control plane instance from the session manager based on the determined one or more selection parameters. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the session manager comprises a session management function of the packet core network, the packet core network comprising a fifth generation (5G) core infrastructure. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the session manager corresponds to a gateway of the packet core network, the packet core network comprising a fourth generation (4G) core infrastructure. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
generating, by the data processing hardware, a list of control plane instance candidates based on the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates; and wherein selecting the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises sequentially selecting the control plane instance candidate from the list of control plane instance candidates based on a previously selected control plane instance from the list of control plane instance candidates. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
assigning, by the data processing hardware, a corresponding weight to each control plane instance candidate of the plurality of control plane instance candidates, the corresponding weight representing the one or more selection parameters determined for the corresponding control plane instance candidate; ranking, by the data processing hardware, the plurality of control plane instance candidates based on the corresponding weight to each control plane instance candidate of the plurality of control plane instance candidates, and wherein selecting the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises selecting the control plane instance candidate having a highest ranking as the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfil the request for the control plane instance. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises, determining, by the data processing hardware, that the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates satisfies a selection criteria, the selection criteria corresponding to a minima or a maxima of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein:
one of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates comprises a latency measurement associated with the corresponding control plane instance candidate; and the selection criteria comprises a lowest one of the latency measurements associated with the plurality of control plane instance candidates. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein:
one of the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates comprises a load associated with the corresponding control plane instance candidate; and the selection criteria comprises a lowest one of the loads associated with the plurality of control plane instance candidates. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request comprises using a machine learning selection model configured to receive the one or more selection parameters determined for each of the plurality of control plane instance candidates and a selection criteria, and
wherein the machine learning selection model is trained on a plurality of training groups, each training group comprising a plurality of training control plane instances, each training control plane instance in the corresponding training group associated with one or more corresponding selection parameters and a selection criteria label, the selection criteria label indicating whether or not the corresponding training control plane instances satisfy the selection criteria. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the selection criteria comprises a time of day and at least one of:
a Mobile Management Entity (MME); an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF); an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI); or an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI). 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the selection criteria further comprises at least one of a lowest latency or a lowest rate of General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol retransmissions. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
receiving, by the data processing hardware, an identifier of a mobility manager at a given time of day, and wherein the machine learning selection model uses the identifier of the mobility manager at the given time of day to select the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for control plane instance. 28. The method of claim 24, receiving, by the data processing hardware, a packet core network identifier at a given time of day, and
wherein the machine learning selection model uses the identifier of the mobility manager at the given time of day and the user equipment associated with the request to select the one of the plurality of control plane instance candidates to fulfill the request for control plane instance. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the identifier of the mobility manager identifies a Mobile Management Entity (MME). 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the identifier of the mobility manager identifies an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF). | 2,400 |
349,598 | 350,472 | 16,854,153 | 2,452 | File metadata structures of a file system are analyzed. At least one metadata element that is duplicated among the analyzed file metadata structures is identified. The at least one identified metadata element is deduplicated including by modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference a same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the file metadata structures. | 1. A method, comprising:
analyzing file metadata structures of a file system; identifying a metadata element that is duplicated among the analyzed file metadata structures; and deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element at least in part by modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference a same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the file metadata structures. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing file metadata structures of a file system comprises scanning a bottom level of the file metadata structures and a level above the bottom level of the file metadata structures. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the file metadata structures corresponds to a file generated by a storage cluster. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the file metadata structures corresponds to a file backed up from a primary system to a storage cluster. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying a plurality of file metadata structures from a set of stored file metadata structures that include the metadata element. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata element is configured to store a value, wherein at least two of the analyzed file metadata structures include the metadata element that stores the value. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element includes identifying an instance of the identified metadata element having a highest reference count from a plurality of instances of the identified metadata element. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a reference count indicates a number of one or more other metadata elements that reference the metadata element. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the same instance of the identified metadata element is the instance of the identified metadata element having the highest reference count from the plurality of instances of the identified metadata element. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference the same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the identified plurality of the file metadata structures includes modifying a parent metadata element of an instance of the identified metadata element not having the highest reference count to reference the same instance of the identified metadata element. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element comprises deleting one or more instances of the identified metadata element not having the highest reference count. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more instances of the identified metadata element not having the highest reference count are deleted from a solid state disk of a storage cluster. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the identified metadata element is deduplicated as a background process of a storage cluster. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the storage cluster is comprised of a plurality of storage nodes, wherein the metadata associated with a plurality of files is stored across the plurality of storage nodes. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element comprises determining a corresponding reference count associated with each instance of the identified metadata element. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the determined reference count is the same for each instance of the identified metadata element. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference the same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the identified plurality of the file metadata structures includes selecting one of the instances of the identified metadata element. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference the same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the identified plurality of the file metadata structures further includes modifying a parent metadata element of a non-selected instance of the identified metadata element to reference the selected instance of the identified metadata element. 19. A computer program product, the computer program product being embodied in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
analyzing file metadata structures of a file system; identifying a metadata element that is duplicated among the analyzed file metadata structures; and deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element at least in part by modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference a same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the file metadata structures. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
analyze file metadata structures of a file system;
identify a metadata element that is duplicated among the analyzed file metadata structures; and
deduplicate instances of the identified metadata element at least in part by modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference a same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the file metadata structures; and
a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. | File metadata structures of a file system are analyzed. At least one metadata element that is duplicated among the analyzed file metadata structures is identified. The at least one identified metadata element is deduplicated including by modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference a same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the file metadata structures.1. A method, comprising:
analyzing file metadata structures of a file system; identifying a metadata element that is duplicated among the analyzed file metadata structures; and deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element at least in part by modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference a same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the file metadata structures. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing file metadata structures of a file system comprises scanning a bottom level of the file metadata structures and a level above the bottom level of the file metadata structures. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the file metadata structures corresponds to a file generated by a storage cluster. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the file metadata structures corresponds to a file backed up from a primary system to a storage cluster. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying a plurality of file metadata structures from a set of stored file metadata structures that include the metadata element. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata element is configured to store a value, wherein at least two of the analyzed file metadata structures include the metadata element that stores the value. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element includes identifying an instance of the identified metadata element having a highest reference count from a plurality of instances of the identified metadata element. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a reference count indicates a number of one or more other metadata elements that reference the metadata element. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the same instance of the identified metadata element is the instance of the identified metadata element having the highest reference count from the plurality of instances of the identified metadata element. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference the same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the identified plurality of the file metadata structures includes modifying a parent metadata element of an instance of the identified metadata element not having the highest reference count to reference the same instance of the identified metadata element. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element comprises deleting one or more instances of the identified metadata element not having the highest reference count. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more instances of the identified metadata element not having the highest reference count are deleted from a solid state disk of a storage cluster. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the identified metadata element is deduplicated as a background process of a storage cluster. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the storage cluster is comprised of a plurality of storage nodes, wherein the metadata associated with a plurality of files is stored across the plurality of storage nodes. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element comprises determining a corresponding reference count associated with each instance of the identified metadata element. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the determined reference count is the same for each instance of the identified metadata element. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference the same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the identified plurality of the file metadata structures includes selecting one of the instances of the identified metadata element. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference the same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the identified plurality of the file metadata structures further includes modifying a parent metadata element of a non-selected instance of the identified metadata element to reference the selected instance of the identified metadata element. 19. A computer program product, the computer program product being embodied in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
analyzing file metadata structures of a file system; identifying a metadata element that is duplicated among the analyzed file metadata structures; and deduplicating instances of the identified metadata element at least in part by modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference a same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the file metadata structures. 20. A system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
analyze file metadata structures of a file system;
identify a metadata element that is duplicated among the analyzed file metadata structures; and
deduplicate instances of the identified metadata element at least in part by modifying at least one of the file metadata structures to reference a same instance of the identified metadata element that is referenced by another one of the file metadata structures; and
a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. | 2,400 |
349,599 | 350,473 | 16,854,181 | 2,452 | An optical element includes a first boundary layer and a second boundary layer. A solution is disposed between the first boundary layer and the second boundary layer. The solution includes liquid crystals co-mingled with oblong photochromic dye molecules. | 1. A head mounted device comprising:
a frame including electronics that dissipate heat when the head mounted device is turned on; and an optical element mounted in the frame, wherein the optical element receives the heat dissipated by the electronics in the frame, the optical element comprising:
a scene-side transparent boundary layer;
an eyeward transparent boundary layer; and
a solution disposed between the scene-side transparent boundary layer and the eyeward transparent boundary layer, the solution including liquid crystals co-mingled with oblong photochromic dye molecules. 2. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystals are configured to become increasingly disordered in response to increased temperature, and wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are configured to align with the liquid crystals and increase a cross-section of the oblong photochromic dye molecules with respect to incoming light as the liquid crystals increase in disorder. 3. The head mounted device of claim 2, wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are matched to the liquid crystal to offset a decrease in absorption of the oblong photochromic dye molecules in response to increased temperature such that a transmission of the incoming light is approximately equal across the optical element when a temperature gradient exists across the optical element. 4. The head mounted device of claim 2, wherein the incoming light is incident upon the scene-side transparent boundary layer approximately normal to the scene-side transparent boundary layer, and wherein long axes of the liquid crystals are self-aligned approximately normal to the scene-side transparent boundary layer and the eyeward transparent boundary layer. 5. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein a first refractive index of the liquid crystal is substantially equal to a second refractive index of the oblong photochromic dye molecules. 6. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystals are rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules. 7. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein the optical element further includes a display optical element configured to present images to an eye of a wearer of the head mounted device. 8. An optical element comprising:
a scene-side transparent boundary layer; an eyeward transparent boundary layer; and a solution disposed between the scene-side transparent boundary layer and the eyeward transparent boundary layer, the solution including liquid crystals co-mingled with oblong photochromic dye molecules. 9. The optical element of claim 8, wherein the liquid crystals are configured to become increasingly disordered in response to increased temperature, and wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are configured to align with the liquid crystals and increase a cross-section of the oblong photochromic dye molecules with respect to incoming light as the liquid crystals increase in disorder. 10. The optical element of claim 9, wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are matched to the liquid crystal to offset a decrease in absorption of the oblong photochromic dye molecules in response to increased temperature such that a transmission of the incoming light is approximately equal across the optical element when a temperature gradient exists across the optical element. 11. The optical element of claim 9, wherein the incoming light is incident upon the scene-side transparent boundary layer approximately normal to the scene-side transparent boundary layer, and wherein long axes of the liquid crystals are self-aligned approximately normal to the scene-side transparent boundary layer and the eyeward transparent boundary layer. 12. The optical element of claim 8, wherein a first refractive index of the liquid crystal is substantially equal to a second refractive index of the oblong photochromic dye molecules. 13. The optical element of claim 8, wherein the liquid crystals are rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules. 14. The optical element of claim 8 further comprising:
a display optical element configured to present images to an eye of a wearer of a head mounted device that includes the optical element. 15. An optical element comprising:
a first transparent conductive layer; a second transparent conductive layer; and a solution disposed between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, the solution including liquid crystals co-mingled with oblong photochromic dye molecules, wherein a voltage applied across the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer controls an alignment of the liquid crystals with respect to the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer. 16. The optical element of claim 15, wherein increasing the voltage across the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer increases a light transmission through the optical element by increasing the alignment of the liquid crystals between the first transparent conductive layer and a second transparent conductive layer. 17. The optical element of claim 15, wherein the liquid crystals are configured to become increasingly disordered in response to increased temperature, and wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are configured to align with the liquid crystals and increase a cross-section of the oblong photochromic dye molecules with respect to incoming light as the liquid crystals increase in disorder. 18. The optical element of claim 17, wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are matched to the liquid crystal to offset a decrease in absorption of the oblong photochromic dye molecules in response to increased temperature such that a transmission of the incoming light is approximately equal across the optical element when a temperature gradient exists across the optical element. 19. The optical element of claim 15, wherein a first refractive index of the liquid crystal is substantially equal to a second refractive index of the oblong photochromic dye molecules. 20. The optical element of claim 15, wherein the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer include indium tin oxide (ITO). | An optical element includes a first boundary layer and a second boundary layer. A solution is disposed between the first boundary layer and the second boundary layer. The solution includes liquid crystals co-mingled with oblong photochromic dye molecules.1. A head mounted device comprising:
a frame including electronics that dissipate heat when the head mounted device is turned on; and an optical element mounted in the frame, wherein the optical element receives the heat dissipated by the electronics in the frame, the optical element comprising:
a scene-side transparent boundary layer;
an eyeward transparent boundary layer; and
a solution disposed between the scene-side transparent boundary layer and the eyeward transparent boundary layer, the solution including liquid crystals co-mingled with oblong photochromic dye molecules. 2. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystals are configured to become increasingly disordered in response to increased temperature, and wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are configured to align with the liquid crystals and increase a cross-section of the oblong photochromic dye molecules with respect to incoming light as the liquid crystals increase in disorder. 3. The head mounted device of claim 2, wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are matched to the liquid crystal to offset a decrease in absorption of the oblong photochromic dye molecules in response to increased temperature such that a transmission of the incoming light is approximately equal across the optical element when a temperature gradient exists across the optical element. 4. The head mounted device of claim 2, wherein the incoming light is incident upon the scene-side transparent boundary layer approximately normal to the scene-side transparent boundary layer, and wherein long axes of the liquid crystals are self-aligned approximately normal to the scene-side transparent boundary layer and the eyeward transparent boundary layer. 5. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein a first refractive index of the liquid crystal is substantially equal to a second refractive index of the oblong photochromic dye molecules. 6. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystals are rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules. 7. The head mounted device of claim 1, wherein the optical element further includes a display optical element configured to present images to an eye of a wearer of the head mounted device. 8. An optical element comprising:
a scene-side transparent boundary layer; an eyeward transparent boundary layer; and a solution disposed between the scene-side transparent boundary layer and the eyeward transparent boundary layer, the solution including liquid crystals co-mingled with oblong photochromic dye molecules. 9. The optical element of claim 8, wherein the liquid crystals are configured to become increasingly disordered in response to increased temperature, and wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are configured to align with the liquid crystals and increase a cross-section of the oblong photochromic dye molecules with respect to incoming light as the liquid crystals increase in disorder. 10. The optical element of claim 9, wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are matched to the liquid crystal to offset a decrease in absorption of the oblong photochromic dye molecules in response to increased temperature such that a transmission of the incoming light is approximately equal across the optical element when a temperature gradient exists across the optical element. 11. The optical element of claim 9, wherein the incoming light is incident upon the scene-side transparent boundary layer approximately normal to the scene-side transparent boundary layer, and wherein long axes of the liquid crystals are self-aligned approximately normal to the scene-side transparent boundary layer and the eyeward transparent boundary layer. 12. The optical element of claim 8, wherein a first refractive index of the liquid crystal is substantially equal to a second refractive index of the oblong photochromic dye molecules. 13. The optical element of claim 8, wherein the liquid crystals are rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules. 14. The optical element of claim 8 further comprising:
a display optical element configured to present images to an eye of a wearer of a head mounted device that includes the optical element. 15. An optical element comprising:
a first transparent conductive layer; a second transparent conductive layer; and a solution disposed between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, the solution including liquid crystals co-mingled with oblong photochromic dye molecules, wherein a voltage applied across the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer controls an alignment of the liquid crystals with respect to the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer. 16. The optical element of claim 15, wherein increasing the voltage across the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer increases a light transmission through the optical element by increasing the alignment of the liquid crystals between the first transparent conductive layer and a second transparent conductive layer. 17. The optical element of claim 15, wherein the liquid crystals are configured to become increasingly disordered in response to increased temperature, and wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are configured to align with the liquid crystals and increase a cross-section of the oblong photochromic dye molecules with respect to incoming light as the liquid crystals increase in disorder. 18. The optical element of claim 17, wherein the oblong photochromic dye molecules are matched to the liquid crystal to offset a decrease in absorption of the oblong photochromic dye molecules in response to increased temperature such that a transmission of the incoming light is approximately equal across the optical element when a temperature gradient exists across the optical element. 19. The optical element of claim 15, wherein a first refractive index of the liquid crystal is substantially equal to a second refractive index of the oblong photochromic dye molecules. 20. The optical element of claim 15, wherein the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer include indium tin oxide (ITO). | 2,400 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.