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56dfc0887aa994140058e11f | Pub | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses? | {
"answer_start": [
158
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"text": [
"the crown"
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} | What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses? | [
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0.03427141904830... | David Archuleta's performance of John Lennon's "Imagine" was considered by many as one of the best of the season. Jennifer Lopez, who was brought in as a judge in season ten, called it a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget. Jason Castro's semi-final performance of "Hallelujah" also received considerable at... | In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol... | Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened... | the crown | 12,369 |
56dfc0e0231d4119001abd9f | Pub | From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005. | In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments first limited? | {
"answer_start": [
13
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"19th"
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} | In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments [MASK] limited? | [
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0.21441909670829... | Intense media interest in the opinions and private lives of the royal family during the 1980s led to a series of sensational stories in the press, not all of which were entirely true. As Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of The Sun, told his staff: "Give me a Sunday for Monday splash on the Royals. Don't worry if it's not true—... | From 2006 Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting "cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role". Existing staff will be vetted on a phased ... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | 19th | 12,370 |
56dfc0e0231d4119001abda0 | Pub | From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005. | In what decade were the restrictions on public drinking establishment licenses loosened? | {
"answer_start": [
149
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"text": [
"1960s"
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} | In what decade were the restrictions on public drinking establishment licenses loosened? | [
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0.231478884... | Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or "emptiness", widely attested in th... | From 2006 Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting "cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role". Existing staff will be vetted on a phased ... | The content of the acts, particularly section 1 (1) of the amending act of 1938, shows the importance which was then attached to giving architects the responsibility of superintending or supervising the building works of local authorities (for housing and other projects), rather than persons professionally qualified on... | 1960s | 12,371 |
56dfc0e0231d4119001abda1 | Pub | From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005. | What bodies controlled drinking establishment licensing administration as of 2005? | {
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274
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"text": [
"Local Authorities"
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} | What bodies controlled drinking establishment licensing administration as of [MASK]? | [
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0.181361019611... | The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo... | From 2006 Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting "cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role". Existing staff will be vetted on a phased ... | In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called ... | Local Authorities | 12,372 |
56dfd598231d4119001abe0f | Pub | The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforceable by pros... | What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869"
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} | What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer? | [
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56dfd598231d4119001abe10 | Pub | The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforceable by pros... | At what locations were public house licenses granted? | {
"answer_start": [
458
],
"text": [
"special Licensing Sessions courts"
]
} | At what locations were public house licenses granted? | [
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56dfd598231d4119001abe11 | Pub | The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforceable by pros... | Retirees from what two professions often sought licenses for pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
555
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"text": [
"ex-servicemen or ex-policemen"
]
} | Retirees from what [MASK] professions often sought licenses for pubs? | [
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56dfd598231d4119001abe12 | Pub | The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforceable by pros... | What were licenses called that allowed spirits to be served at temporary premises? | {
"answer_start": [
1129
],
"text": [
"Occasional Licences"
]
} | What were licenses called that allowed spirits to be served at temporary premises? | [
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56dfd601231d4119001abe17 | Pub | Detailed licensing records were kept, giving the Public House, its address, owner, licensee and misdemeanours of the licensees, often going back for hundreds of years[citation needed]. Many of these records survive and can be viewed, for example, at the London Metropolitan Archives centre. | Where can historical licensing records be examined? | {
"answer_start": [
254
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"text": [
"London Metropolitan Archives centre"
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} | Where can historical licensing records be examined? | [
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56dfd601231d4119001abe18 | Pub | Detailed licensing records were kept, giving the Public House, its address, owner, licensee and misdemeanours of the licensees, often going back for hundreds of years[citation needed]. Many of these records survive and can be viewed, for example, at the London Metropolitan Archives centre. | Along with a public house's address, licensee, and the licensee's misdemeanors, what information was kept in licensing records? | {
"answer_start": [
76
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"owner"
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} | Along with a public house's address, licensee, and the licensee's misdemeanors, what information was kept in licensing records? | [
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0.12542618811130524... | There are also open compression formats like Opus and Vorbis that are available free of charge and without any known patent restrictions. Some of the newer audio compression formats, such as AAC, WMA Pro and Vorbis, are free of some limitations inherent to the MP3 format that cannot be overcome by any MP3 encoder. | In some rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines to their patients from within their practices. The law requires that the GP practice be located in a designated rural area and that there is also a specified, minimum dis... | In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called ... | owner | 12,378 |
56dfd68c231d4119001abe1b | Pub | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | What law further restricted public houses? | {
"answer_start": [
35
],
"text": [
"the Defence of the Realm Act"
]
} | What law further restricted public houses? | [
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56dfd68c231d4119001abe1c | Pub | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed? | {
"answer_start": [
67
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"August 1914"
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} | In what month and year was [MASK] passed? | [
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56dfd68c231d4119001abe1d | Pub | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | Along with the period 6:30 pm–9:30 pm, what opening hours were acceptable under the Defence of the Realm Act? | {
"answer_start": [
216
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"text": [
"12 noon–2:30 pm"
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} | Along with the period [MASK], what [MASK] were acceptable under [MASK]? | [
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56dfd68c231d4119001abe1e | Pub | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | What is an example of a county where provinces were closed for violating the Defence of the Realm Act? | {
"answer_start": [
485
],
"text": [
"Pembrokeshire"
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} | What is an example of a county where provinces were closed for violating [MASK]? | [
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56dfd68c231d4119001abe1f | Pub | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | What body enforced pubs' closing hours under the Defence of the Realm Act? | {
"answer_start": [
353
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"text": [
"the police"
]
} | What body enforced pubs ' [MASK] under [MASK]? | [
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0.209148049354553... | During the Napoleonic Occupation of Spain, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest of progressive ideas, declared Mexican independence in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato on September 16, 1810 with a proclamation known as the "Grito de Dolores". Hidalgo built a large support among intellectuals, liberal pries... | Since the 1990s food has become a more important part of a pub's trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to (or instead of) snacks consumed at the bar. They may have a separate dining room. Some pubs serve meals to a higher standard, to match good restaurant standards; these are so... | Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinc... | the police | 12,383 |
56dfd73b231d4119001abe25 | Pub | There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between ... | What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Kensington in the 1960s? | {
"answer_start": [
377
],
"text": [
"10:30 pm"
]
} | What was the mandated closing time of pubs in [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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56dfd73b231d4119001abe26 | Pub | There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between ... | What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Knightsbridge in the 1960s? | {
"answer_start": [
493
],
"text": [
"11 pm"
]
} | What was the mandated closing time of pubs in [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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56dfd73b231d4119001abe27 | Pub | There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between ... | What is an example of an English city where breweries were run by the government? | {
"answer_start": [
172
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"text": [
"Carlisle"
]
} | What is an example of an [MASK] city where breweries were run by the government? | [
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56dfd73b231d4119001abe28 | Pub | There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between ... | In what year did the State Management Scheme cease? | {
"answer_start": [
150
],
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"1973"
]
} | In what year did [MASK] cease? | [
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56dfd73b231d4119001abe29 | Pub | There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between ... | On what days were Scottish and Welsh pubs often 'dry'? | {
"answer_start": [
632
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"Sundays"
]
} | On what days were [MASK] and [MASK] pubs often' dry'? | [
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56dfd7cf231d4119001abe2f | Pub | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | Circa 2000, what was the latest pubs in Wales could be open until on every day but Sunday? | {
"answer_start": [
170
],
"text": [
"11 pm"
]
} | [MASK], what was the latest pubs in [MASK] could be open until on [MASK]? | [
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56dfd7cf231d4119001abe30 | Pub | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | What was the latest legal closing time on Sundays in English pubs as of 2000? | {
"answer_start": [
177
],
"text": [
"10:30 pm"
]
} | What was the latest legal closing time on [MASK] in [MASK] pubs as of [MASK]? | [
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56dfd7cf231d4119001abe31 | Pub | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | How many hours per day were pubs located near Billingsgate fish market allowed to remain open? | {
"answer_start": [
637
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"text": [
"24"
]
} | How many hours per day were pubs located near [MASK] fish market allowed to remain open? | [
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56dfd7cf231d4119001abe32 | Pub | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on Sundays? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"12 noon"
]
} | In [MASK], what was the earliest [MASK] and [MASK] pubs could open on [MASK]? | [
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56dfd7cf231d4119001abe33 | Pub | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on any day but Sunday? | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"11 am"
]
} | In [MASK], what was the earliest [MASK] and [MASK] pubs could open on any day but [MASK]? | [
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56dfd80f231d4119001abe39 | Pub | Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976. | When were wartime licensing laws ended in Scotland? | {
"answer_start": [
272
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"text": [
"1976"
]
} | When were wartime licensing laws ended in [MASK]? | [
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56dfd80f231d4119001abe3a | Pub | Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976. | What constituent countries of the United Kingdom's licensing laws were notably flexible? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Scotland's and Northern Ireland's"
]
} | What constituent countries of [MASK] licensing laws were notably flexible? | [
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56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b5 | Pub | The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to... | When did the Licensing Act 2003 come into effect? | {
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"24 November 2005"
]
} | When did [MASK] 2003 come into effect? | [
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56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b6 | Pub | The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to... | After the Licensing Act 2003, who determined the operating hours of pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"the local council"
]
} | After [MASK], who determined [MASK] of pubs? | [
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56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b7 | Pub | The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to... | Due to the traditional closing hours, when was there often violence outside of pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"11.30 pm"
]
} | Due to [MASK], when was there often violence outside of pubs? | [
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56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b8 | Pub | The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to... | How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7? | {
"answer_start": [
472
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"text": [
"207,800"
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} | How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in [MASK]? | [
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56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b9 | Pub | The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to... | How many pubs applied to be allowed to sell alcohol 24 hours a day? | {
"answer_start": [
661
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"text": [
"1,121"
]
} | How many pubs applied to be allowed to sell alcohol [MASK] a day? | [
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56dfdb677aa994140058e1bf | Pub | A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technical... | What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed? | {
"answer_start": [
2
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"\"lock-in\""
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} | What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed? | [
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56dfdb677aa994140058e1c0 | Pub | A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technical... | What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm? | {
"answer_start": [
737
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"text": [
"Licensing Act 2003"
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} | What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after [MASK]? | [
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56dfdb677aa994140058e1c1 | Pub | A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technical... | A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"? | {
"answer_start": [
400
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"1915"
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} | A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"? | [
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56dfdb677aa994140058e1c2 | Pub | A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technical... | What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution? | {
"answer_start": [
1081
],
"text": [
"allowing smoking"
]
} | What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution? | [
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56dfdbee7aa994140058e1c7 | Pub | In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two ... | In what month and year was smoking banned in public places in Scotland? | {
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3
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"text": [
"March 2006"
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} | In what month and year was smoking banned in public places in [MASK]? | [
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56dfdbee7aa994140058e1c8 | Pub | In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two ... | When did Wales outlaw smoking in public? | {
"answer_start": [
120
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"text": [
"April 2007"
]
} | When did [MASK] outlaw smoking in public? | [
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56dfdbee7aa994140058e1c9 | Pub | In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two ... | What was the month and year when England banned public smoking? | {
"answer_start": [
168
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"text": [
"July 2007"
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} | What was [MASK] when [MASK] banned public smoking? | [
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56dfdbee7aa994140058e1ca | Pub | In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two ... | What company took over Scottish & Newcastle's pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
579
],
"text": [
"Carlsberg and Heineken"
]
} | What company took over [MASK] pubs? | [
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56dfdbee7aa994140058e1cb | Pub | In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two ... | What chain of pubs reported favorable profits in June 2009? | {
"answer_start": [
441
],
"text": [
"Wetherspoon"
]
} | What chain of pubs reported favorable profits in [MASK]? | [
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56dfdc887aa994140058e1d1 | Pub | By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear... | What street in Islington was named for a pub run by Mr Ball? | {
"answer_start": [
209
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"text": [
"Balls Pond Road"
]
} | What street in [MASK] was named for a pub run by Mr [MASK]? | [
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56dfdc887aa994140058e1d2 | Pub | By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear... | On what street was the Grecian Saloon located? | {
"answer_start": [
836
],
"text": [
"City Road"
]
} | On what street was [MASK] located? | [
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56dfdc887aa994140058e1d3 | Pub | By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear... | What pub was the home of the Grecian Saloon? | {
"answer_start": [
825
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"text": [
"The Eagle"
]
} | What pub was the home of [MASK]? | [
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56dfdc887aa994140058e1d4 | Pub | By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear... | What is rhyming slang for 'coat'? | {
"answer_start": [
994
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"text": [
"weasel"
]
} | What is rhyming slang for 'coat'? | [
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0.15764805674... | Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indige... | After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out ... | In 1762, George III acquired Buckingham House and it was enlarged over the next 75 years. During the 18th century, London was dogged by crime, and the Bow Street Runners were established in 1750 as a professional police force. In total, more than 200 offences were punishable by death, including petty theft. Most childr... | weasel | 12,413 |
56dfdc887aa994140058e1d5 | Pub | By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear... | In what century did saloons become established? | {
"answer_start": [
18
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"text": [
"18th"
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0.166650310158... | H2 is a product of some types of anaerobic metabolism and is produced by several microorganisms, usually via reactions catalyzed by iron- or nickel-containing enzymes called hydrogenases. These enzymes catalyze the reversible redox reaction between H2 and its component two protons and two electrons. Creation of hydroge... | Most British pubs still have decorated signs hanging over their doors, and these retain their original function of enabling the identification of the pub. Today's pub signs almost always bear the name of the pub, both in words and in pictorial representation. The more remote country pubs often have stand-alone signs di... | Pubs may be venues for pub songs and live music. During the 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as Kilburn and the High Roads, Dr. Feelgood and The Kursaal Flyers, who formed a musical genre called Pub rock that was a precursor to Punk music. | 18th | 12,414 |
56dfdd297aa994140058e1db | Pub | A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed] | Along with cabaret, striptease, bands and drama, what is a type of stage performance that can be found in pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
58
],
"text": [
"stand-up comedy"
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} | Along with cabaret, striptease, bands and drama, what is a type of stage performance that can be found in pubs? | [
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56dfdd297aa994140058e1dc | Pub | A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed] | Along with karaoke, what type of prerecorded music is often found in pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"juke boxes"
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} | Along with karaoke, what type of prerecorded music is often found in pubs? | [
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56dfddab7aa994140058e1df | Pub | By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and sp... | What socioeconomic class was associated with the lounge bar in the 20th century? | {
"answer_start": [
61
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"text": [
"middle-class"
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} | What socioeconomic class was associated with the lounge bar in [MASK]? | [
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56dfddab7aa994140058e1e0 | Pub | By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and sp... | What economic class was most likely to be found in the tap room? | {
"answer_start": [
236
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"text": [
"working class"
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} | What economic class was most likely to be found in the tap room? | [
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56dfddab7aa994140058e1e1 | Pub | By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and sp... | In pence, what did the cheapest beer cost in the four-ale bar? | {
"answer_start": [
504
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"text": [
"4"
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} | In [MASK], what did the cheapest beer cost in the [MASK]- ale bar? | [
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56dfddab7aa994140058e1e2 | Pub | By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and sp... | What was the tap room sawdust meant to absorb spills and spit called? | {
"answer_start": [
339
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"text": [
"spit and sawdust"
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} | What was the tap room sawdust meant to absorb spills and spit called? | [
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56dfddab7aa994140058e1e3 | Pub | By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and sp... | What is another name for the lounge bar? | {
"answer_start": [
25
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"saloon"
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56dfde447aa994140058e1e9 | Pub | Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinc... | In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain? | {
"answer_start": [
271
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"text": [
"the 1960s and 1970s"
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} | In what [MASK] did class distinctions break down in [MASK]? | [
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56dfde447aa994140058e1ea | Pub | Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinc... | What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar? | {
"answer_start": [
452
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"text": [
"removal of the dividing wall or partition"
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} | What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar? | [
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56dfdeb27aa994140058e1ed | Pub | The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use the... | What is another name for the smoke room? | {
"answer_start": [
5
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"text": [
"snug"
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56dfdeb27aa994140058e1ee | Pub | The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use the... | What was the relationship between the price of beer in the smoke room versus the rest of the bar? | {
"answer_start": [
176
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"text": [
"higher"
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} | What was the relationship between the price of beer in the smoke room versus the rest of the bar? | [
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56dfdeb27aa994140058e1ef | Pub | The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use the... | Along with the local police, what profession is given as an example of someone who might use the snug? | {
"answer_start": [
573
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"text": [
"the parish priest"
]
} | Along with the local police, what profession is given as an example of someone who might use the snug? | [
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56dfdeb27aa994140058e1f0 | Pub | The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use the... | What were the windows in the snug made out of? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"frosted glass"
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} | What were the windows in the snug made out of? | [
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56dfdeda231d4119001abe3d | Pub | CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved. | How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey? | {
"answer_start": [
24
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"text": [
"50,000"
]
} | How many pubs were part of the [MASK] survey? | [
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-0.092790029942989... | All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from "popping up" without the user's consent. | The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal (Continental) strand to be Irregular, and thus withhold recognition. For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties. In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Pui... | In Ireland, pubs are known for their atmosphere or "craic". In Irish, a pub is referred to as teach tábhairne ("tavernhouse") or teach óil ("drinkinghouse"). Live music, either sessions of traditional Irish music or varieties of modern popular music, is frequently featured in the pubs of Ireland. Pubs in Northern Irela... | 50,000 | 12,428 |
56dfdeda231d4119001abe3e | Pub | CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved. | According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"very few"
]
} | According to [MASK], how many pubs in [MASK] possess classic snugs? | [
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0.354475677013397... | The Late Cretaceous spans from 100 million to 65 million years ago. The Late Cretaceous featured a cooling trend that would continue on in the Cenozoic period. Eventually, tropics were restricted to the equator and areas beyond the tropic lines featured extreme seasonal changes in weather. Dinosaurs still thrived as ne... | The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal (Continental) strand to be Irregular, and thus withhold recognition. For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties. In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Pui... | Quality dropped but variety increased with the introduction of microwave ovens and freezer food. "Pub grub" expanded to include British food items such as steak and ale pie, shepherd's pie, fish and chips, bangers and mash, Sunday roast, ploughman's lunch, and pasties. In addition, dishes such as burgers, chicken wings... | very few | 12,429 |
56dfdf67231d4119001abe41 | Pub | It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the ma... | In Germany, what do servers do to serve beer in beer gardens? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"bring the beer out to the table"
]
} | In [MASK], what do servers do to serve beer in beer gardens? | [
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56dfdf67231d4119001abe42 | Pub | It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the ma... | Before the pub, where did beer establishments keep their casks of ale? | {
"answer_start": [
433
],
"text": [
"taproom"
]
} | Before the pub, where did beer establishments keep their casks of ale? | [
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0.036657106131... | Treaties formed an important part of European colonization and, in many parts of the world, Europeans attempted to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties with indigenous peoples. In most cases these treaties were in extremely disadvantageous terms to the native people, who often did not appreciate the implica... | Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bou... | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | taproom | 12,431 |
56dfdf67231d4119001abe43 | Pub | It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the ma... | What establishments inspired pubs to set up serving bars? | {
"answer_start": [
549
],
"text": [
"gin houses"
]
} | What establishments inspired pubs to set up serving bars? | [
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0.0895178988575... | The City of Tucson, Pima County, the State of Arizona, and the private sector have all made commitments to create a growing, healthy economy[citation needed] with advanced technology industry sectors as its foundation. Raytheon Missile Systems (formerly Hughes Aircraft Co.), Texas Instruments, IBM, Intuit Inc., Univers... | Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bou... | Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the "Marquis of Granby". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, p... | gin houses | 12,432 |
56dfdf67231d4119001abe44 | Pub | It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the ma... | In what settlement is the pub known as The Vine located? | {
"answer_start": [
1040
],
"text": [
"Brierley Hill"
]
} | In what settlement is the pub known as [MASK] located? | [
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0.2108427435159683... | In ancient times, Greece was the birthplace of Western culture. Modern democracies owe a debt to Greek beliefs in government by the people, trial by jury, and equality under the law. The ancient Greeks pioneered in many fields that rely on systematic thought, including biology, geometry, history, philosophy, physics an... | Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bou... | Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bou... | Brierley Hill | 12,433 |
56dfdf67231d4119001abe45 | Pub | It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the ma... | What do the locals call The Vine? | {
"answer_start": [
1015
],
"text": [
"The Bull and Bladder"
]
} | What do the locals call [MASK]? | [
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56dfdfae231d4119001abe4b | Pub | Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrou... | Who pioneered the circular bar? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Isambard Kingdom Brunel"
]
} | Who pioneered the circular bar? | [
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0.25317713618... | Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s. There was an immediate rush to bring it into the social sciences. Paul Broca in Paris was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies, the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, meeting for... | Bridgwater was developed during the Industrial Revolution as the area's leading port. The River Parrett was navigable by large ships as far as Bridgwater. Cargoes were then loaded onto smaller boats at Langport Quay, next to the Bridgwater Bridge, to be carried further up river to Langport; or they could turn off at Bu... | The tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location. | Isambard Kingdom Brunel | 12,435 |
56dfdfae231d4119001abe4c | Pub | Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrou... | At what establishment was the circular bar introduced? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"Swindon station pub"
]
} | At what establishment was the circular bar introduced? | [
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56dfdfae231d4119001abe4d | Pub | Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrou... | What was Isambard Brunel's occuption? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"engineer and railway builder"
]
} | What was [MASK] occuption? | [
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0.3122281... | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | Bridgwater was developed during the Industrial Revolution as the area's leading port. The River Parrett was navigable by large ships as far as Bridgwater. Cargoes were then loaded onto smaller boats at Langport Quay, next to the Bridgwater Bridge, to be carried further up river to Langport; or they could turn off at Bu... | The Times faced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. During his tenure (1890–1911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopædia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett ... | engineer and railway builder | 12,437 |
56dfdfae231d4119001abe4e | Pub | Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrou... | What was Isambard Brunel's nationality? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"British"
]
} | What was [MASK] nationality? | [
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56dfdfd97aa994140058e1f5 | Pub | A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar. | What is a "beer engine"? | {
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"a device for pumping beer"
]
} | What is a "beer engine"? | [
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0.24672573804855... | Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the House of Commons at the expense of the House of Lords and the monarch. In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained "the right to be consu... | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | The first commercially successful true engine, in that it could generate power and transmit it to a machine, was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most... | a device for pumping beer | 12,439 |
56dfdfd97aa994140058e1f6 | Pub | A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar. | What is the function of a "beer engine"? | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar"
]
} | What is the function of a "beer engine"? | [
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56dfe0127aa994140058e1f9 | Pub | The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London. | Who invented the beer pump in England? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"John Lofting"
]
} | Who invented the beer pump in [MASK]? | [
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0.112312354... | Many types of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes, such as deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines, non-deterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines. They are all equally powerful in principle, but when resources... | The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. More than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in... | The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i... | John Lofting | 12,441 |
56dfe0127aa994140058e1fa | Pub | The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London. | In what city was the beer pump invented? | {
"answer_start": [
188
],
"text": [
"London"
]
} | In what city was the beer pump invented? | [
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56dfe0127aa994140058e1fb | Pub | The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London. | In what country was John Lofting born? | {
"answer_start": [
91
],
"text": [
"Netherlands"
]
} | In what country was [MASK] born? | [
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56dfe0127aa994140058e1fc | Pub | The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London. | What was the death year of John Lofting? | {
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"1742"
]
} | What was [MASK] of [MASK]? | [
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0.13711430... | As of the census of 2000, there are 84,084 people, 44,497 households, and 16,775 families in the city. The population density is 10,178.7 inhabitants per square mile (3,930.4/km²). There are 47,863 housing units at an average density of 5,794.0 per square mile (2,237.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 78.29% Whit... | The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. More than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in... | The first commercially successful true engine, in that it could generate power and transmit it to a machine, was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most... | 1742 | 12,444 |
56dfe0127aa994140058e1fd | Pub | The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London. | When was John Lofting born? | {
"answer_start": [
103
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"text": [
"1659"
]
} | When was [MASK] born? | [
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56dfe043231d4119001abe53 | Pub | The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump: | In what newspaper did John Lofting mention his beer pump? | {
"answer_start": [
4
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"text": [
"London Gazette"
]
} | In what newspaper did [MASK] mention his beer pump? | [
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0.0922915115... | Somali dialects are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benaadir and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali. Benaadir (also known as Coastal Somali) is spoken on the Benadir coast from Adale to south of Merca, including Mogadishu, as well as in the immediate hinterl... | There is archaeological evidence that parts of the foundations of The Old Ferryboat Inn in Holywell may date to AD 460, and there is evidence of ale being served as early as AD 560. | Trevithick continued his own experiments using a trio of locomotives, concluding with the Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray was used by the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway. In 1825 George Stephenson built the Locomotion for... | London Gazette | 12,446 |
56dfe043231d4119001abe54 | Pub | The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump: | On what day was Lofting's fire engine patent published? | {
"answer_start": [
22
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"text": [
"17 March 1691"
]
} | On what day was [MASK] 's fire engine patent published? | [
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56dfe0ba231d4119001abe57 | Pub | "Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors whi... | How many barrels did Lofting promise his beer pump would deliver hourly? | {
"answer_start": [
341
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"text": [
"20 to 30"
]
} | How many barrels did [MASK] promise his beer pump would deliver [MASK]? | [
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56dfe0ba231d4119001abe58 | Pub | "Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors whi... | What location did John Lofting live near? | {
"answer_start": [
549
],
"text": [
"St Thomas Apostle London"
]
} | What location did [MASK] live near? | [
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56dfe0ba231d4119001abe59 | Pub | "Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors whi... | In what London borough did Nicholas Wall reside? | {
"answer_start": [
639
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"text": [
"Islington"
]
} | In what [MASK] borough did [MASK] reside? | [
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56dfe0ba231d4119001abe5a | Pub | "Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors whi... | What was William Tillcar's profession? | {
"answer_start": [
676
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"text": [
"Turner"
]
} | What was [MASK] profession? | [
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56dfe0ba231d4119001abe5b | Pub | "Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors whi... | What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to? | {
"answer_start": [
736
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"text": [
"Sun Tavern"
]
} | What tavern did [MASK] live adjacent to? | [
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56dfe0f17aa994140058e203 | Pub | Strictly the term refers to the pump itself, which is normally manually operated, though electrically powered and gas powered pumps are occasionally used. When manually powered, the term "handpump" is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle. | What is a common name for a beer pump powered by hand? | {
"answer_start": [
188
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"text": [
"handpump"
]
} | What is a common name for a beer pump powered by hand? | [
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56dfe0f17aa994140058e204 | Pub | Strictly the term refers to the pump itself, which is normally manually operated, though electrically powered and gas powered pumps are occasionally used. When manually powered, the term "handpump" is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle. | Along with electricity, what sometimes powers beer pumps that aren't operated by hand? | {
"answer_start": [
114
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"text": [
"gas"
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} | Along with electricity, what sometimes powers beer pumps that aren't operated by hand? | [
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0.068450532853... | Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international c... | The elevator motor was located at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft. Pushing the handle forward would cause the cab to rise; backwards would make it sink. The harder the pressure, the faster the elevator would move. The handle also served as a dead man switch: if the operator let go of the handle, ... | The weight of boilers and condensers generally makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant lower than for internal combustion engines. For mobile applications steam has been largely superseded by internal combustion engines or electric motors. However, most electric power is generated using steam turbine plant, so... | gas | 12,454 |
56dfe16f7aa994140058e207 | Pub | After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out ... | What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery? | {
"answer_start": [
209
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"text": [
"a Free house"
]
} | What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from [MASK] brewery? | [
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56dfe16f7aa994140058e208 | Pub | After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out ... | In what century did the habit arise of pubs selling beer from only one brewery? | {
"answer_start": [
66
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"text": [
"18th"
]
} | In what century did the habit arise of pubs selling beer from [MASK] brewery? | [
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56dfe16f7aa994140058e209 | Pub | After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out ... | What was the name of the private individual who rented out a pub owned by a brewery? | {
"answer_start": [
345
],
"text": [
"landlord"
]
} | What was the name of the private individual who rented out a pub owned by a brewery? | [
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56dfe1e57aa994140058e20d | Pub | A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are... | What is a notable brewery in Kent that owns hundreds of pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"Shepherd Neame"
]
} | What is a notable brewery in [MASK] that owns [MASK] of pubs? | [
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56dfe1e57aa994140058e20e | Pub | A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are... | What London breweries each own many pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"Young's and Fuller's"
]
} | What [MASK] breweries each own many pubs? | [
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0.2318825274705886... | Schwarzenegger served in the Austrian Army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males. During his army service, he won the Junior Mr. Europe contest. He went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and spent a week in military prison: "P... | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | Young's and Fuller's | 12,459 |
56dfe1e57aa994140058e20f | Pub | A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are... | What is an example of a brewer that owns pubs throughout Britain? | {
"answer_start": [
304
],
"text": [
"Greene King"
]
} | What is an example of a brewer that owns pubs throughout [MASK]? | [
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0.3216731250286... | In Australia, the formal ceremony of granting assent in parliament has not been regularly used since the early 20th century. Now, the bill is sent to the governor-general's residence by the house in which it originated. The governor-general then signs the bill, sending messages to the President of the Senate and the Sp... | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | Greene King | 12,460 |
56dfe1e57aa994140058e210 | Pub | A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are... | What law required that a pub offer at least one beer from a brewery it wasn't tied to? | {
"answer_start": [
718
],
"text": [
"The Beer Orders"
]
} | What law required that a pub offer [MASK] beer from a brewery it was n't tied to? | [
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0.08274015784263611... | Luftwaffe policy at this point was primarily to continue progressive attacks on London, chiefly by night attack; second, to interfere with production in the vast industrial arms factories of the West Midlands, again chiefly by night attack; and third to disrupt plants and factories during the day by means of fighter-bo... | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | The Beer Orders | 12,461 |
56dfe1e57aa994140058e211 | Pub | A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are... | In what year were the Beer Orders passed? | {
"answer_start": [
745
],
"text": [
"1989"
]
} | In what year were [MASK] passed? | [
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56dfe23b7aa994140058e217 | Pub | Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery. | Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders? | {
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"O'Neill's"
]
} | Along with [MASK] and [MASK], what was an organization formed as a result of [MASK]? | [
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56dfe23b7aa994140058e218 | Pub | Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery. | What is the name of a company that retails but does not manufacture drinks? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"PubCo"
]
} | What is the name of a company that retails but does not manufacture drinks? | [
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56dfe23b7aa994140058e219 | Pub | Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery. | Along with breweries, what type of company may run a pub chain? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"PubCo"
]
} | Along with breweries, what type of company may run a pub chain? | [
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0.36733704805374... | From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan (first the territory, then the state). Detroit surrendered without a fight to British troops during the War of 1812 in the Siege of Detroit. The Battle of Frenchtown (January 18–23, 1813) was part of a United States effort to retake the city, and American troops su... | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | PubCo | 12,465 |
56dfe23b7aa994140058e21a | Pub | Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery. | In what country was Punch Taverns established? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"the UK"
]
} | In what country was [MASK] established? | [
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56dfe2d27aa994140058e21f | Pub | Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bou... | When a pub is bought by a new owner, what often happens to them? | {
"answer_start": [
437
],
"text": [
"renamed"
]
} | When a pub is bought by a new owner, what often happens to them? | [
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56dfe2d27aa994140058e220 | Pub | Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bou... | What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
394
],
"text": [
"closed down"
]
} | What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs? | [
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0.508011281... | On September 27, 2006 Schwarzenegger signed a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions. The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere. Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that p... | Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened... | Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinc... | closed down | 12,468 |
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