id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 4.06k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | masked_query stringlengths 1 25.7k | query_embedding list | random_answer stringlengths 151 4.06k | similar_answer stringlengths 152 4.06k | similar_answer_v2 stringlengths 151 4.06k ⌀ | answer stringlengths 1 239 | __index_level_0__ int64 0 98.2k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
56dedf02c65bf219000b3d93 | Pub | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | How far back does the history of pubs go back? | {
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"to Roman taverns"
]
} | How far back does the history of pubs go back? | [
0.17863646149635315,
0.351595014333725,
-0.01941460557281971,
-0.37630289793014526,
0.19167104363441467,
0.170088529586792,
0.21535079181194305,
0.1770542711019516,
-0.022086719051003456,
-0.028788883239030838,
0.03693559393286705,
-0.18347705900669098,
0.007727940566837788,
0.230436891317... | Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got ... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | Many names for pubs that appear nonsensical may have come from corruptions of old slogans or phrases, such as "The Bag o'Nails" (Bacchanals), "The Goat and Compasses" (God Encompasseth Us), "The Cat and the Fiddle" (Chaton Fidèle: Faithful Kitten) and "The Bull and Bush", which purportedly celebrates the victory of Hen... | to Roman taverns | 12,269 |
56dedf02c65bf219000b3d94 | Pub | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | What was the Anglo-Saxon pup called? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"alehouse"
]
} | What was the [MASK] - Saxon pup called? | [
-0.09001407772302628,
-0.12362851202487946,
-0.41983017325401306,
0.07723614573478699,
0.0074806916527450085,
0.20645517110824585,
0.11746945977210999,
0.08925466984510422,
0.017823800444602966,
0.32481589913368225,
-0.4314351975917816,
-0.25031957030296326,
0.12259713560342789,
-0.0781182... | Red is one of the most common colors used on national flags. The use of red has similar connotations from country to country: the blood, sacrifice, and courage of those who defended their country; the sun and the hope and warmth it brings; and the sacrifice of Christ's blood (in some historically Christian nations) are... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | The earliest signs were often not painted but consisted, for example, of paraphernalia connected with the brewing process such as bunches of hops or brewing implements, which were suspended above the door of the pub. In some cases local nicknames, farming terms and puns were used. Local events were often commemorated i... | alehouse | 12,270 |
56dedf02c65bf219000b3d95 | Pub | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | What is a pub tied to in the 19th century? | {
"answer_start": [
112
],
"text": [
"the modern tied house system"
]
} | What is a pub tied to in [MASK]? | [
0.3231297433376312,
0.12645640969276428,
0.2788736820220947,
0.0765642300248146,
0.17732365429401398,
0.14229772984981537,
0.2243402749300003,
-0.13720974326133728,
0.0035156114026904106,
0.3076584041118622,
-0.3506116271018982,
-0.00797992292791605,
-0.08480363339185715,
0.055240400135517... | When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 September, the new government calli... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | the modern tied house system | 12,271 |
56dfb4d6231d4119001abc97 | Pub | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | What Roman businesses were analogous to modern day pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"taverns"
]
} | What [MASK] businesses were analogous to modern day pubs? | [
0.3122759461402893,
0.33304014801979065,
0.19735588133335114,
-0.16353315114974976,
0.1979607790708542,
0.1630963385105133,
0.26663854718208313,
0.10759004950523376,
0.08630099147558212,
0.05273261293768883,
-0.2926102876663208,
0.03487451747059822,
-0.08653832226991653,
0.1461068987846374... | The most prominent struggle for power was the conflict that erupted after the death of Yaroslav the Wise. The rivaling Principality of Polotsk was contesting the power of the Grand Prince by occupying Novgorod, while Rostislav Vladimirovich was fighting for the Black Sea port of Tmutarakan belonging to Chernihiv.[citat... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | The earliest signs were often not painted but consisted, for example, of paraphernalia connected with the brewing process such as bunches of hops or brewing implements, which were suspended above the door of the pub. In some cases local nicknames, farming terms and puns were used. Local events were often commemorated i... | taverns | 12,272 |
56dfb4d6231d4119001abc98 | Pub | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | What similar establishments existed in the Anglo-Saxon world? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"alehouse"
]
} | What similar establishments existed in the [MASK] world? | [
0.5066952109336853,
0.38880205154418945,
-0.18661843240261078,
0.20782744884490967,
0.1381596177816391,
0.20464679598808289,
0.26508039236068726,
0.4105759561061859,
-0.20411615073680878,
0.05754220113158226,
-0.001206834800541401,
0.09731549024581909,
-0.12983781099319458,
0.2013276815414... | In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and St... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | Many names for pubs that appear nonsensical may have come from corruptions of old slogans or phrases, such as "The Bag o'Nails" (Bacchanals), "The Goat and Compasses" (God Encompasseth Us), "The Cat and the Fiddle" (Chaton Fidèle: Faithful Kitten) and "The Bull and Bush", which purportedly celebrates the victory of Hen... | alehouse | 12,273 |
56dfb4d6231d4119001abc99 | Pub | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | In what century did the tied house system develop? | {
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"19th century"
]
} | In what century did the tied house system develop? | [
0.03509746864438057,
-0.09053364396095276,
0.27609995007514954,
-0.03332822769880295,
-0.004333106335252523,
0.1318330317735672,
0.34040623903274536,
-0.3932154178619385,
-0.3684174120426178,
0.0402592308819294,
-0.06567429006099701,
-0.36946162581443787,
-0.10902472585439682,
0.2125260084... | In about 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire. Repeated raids by the Alamanni tribes provoked the ruin of the Roman towns and economy, forcing the population to find shelter near Roman fortresses, like the Castrum Rauracen... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. | 19th century | 12,274 |
56dee02f3277331400b4d79b | Pub | Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, ... | Why were the windows of town pubs made of smoked or frosted glass traditionally? | {
"answer_start": [
251
],
"text": [
"to obscure the clientele from the street"
]
} | Why were the windows of town pubs made of smoked or frosted glass traditionally? | [
0.10380969196557999,
0.4989595115184784,
-0.039245959371328354,
-0.13724938035011292,
0.08502540737390518,
0.282516211271286,
0.4001356363296509,
0.19789862632751465,
-0.018655655905604362,
0.03317207843065262,
-0.21333377063274384,
0.0026302384212613106,
-0.007166173309087753,
0.137211322... | The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-hei... | to obscure the clientele from the street | 12,275 |
56dee02f3277331400b4d79d | Pub | Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, ... | What fares do most pubs offer? | {
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks"
]
} | What fares do most pubs offer? | [
0.1940033882856369,
0.27624520659446716,
0.3429372012615204,
-0.0633908286690712,
0.06244657561182976,
0.19437071681022644,
0.3451247811317444,
-0.0037017406430095434,
0.16150377690792084,
0.1026163175702095,
-0.23792466521263123,
0.2581673562526703,
0.06504953652620316,
-0.102983579039573... | Many species of the second major avialan lineage to diversify, the Euornithes (meaning "true birds", because they include the ancestors of modern birds), were semi-aquatic and specialized in eating fish and other small aquatic organisms. Unlike the enantiornithes, which dominated land-based and arboreal habitats, most ... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the ma... | beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks | 12,276 |
56dfb587231d4119001abca1 | Pub | Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, ... | What are traditional pub windows made out of? | {
"answer_start": [
227
],
"text": [
"smoked or frosted glass"
]
} | What are traditional pub windows made out of? | [
0.34146448969841003,
0.6079371571540833,
0.04665660858154297,
-0.19426549971103668,
0.15935292840003967,
0.46068456768989563,
0.24308204650878906,
-0.05987158045172691,
-0.135914608836174,
0.01202311273664236,
-0.4106704592704773,
-0.006373490206897259,
0.10834794491529465,
0.2275837361812... | In addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. However, there is no... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | Glass was used extensively during the Middle Ages. Anglo-Saxon glass has been found across England during archaeological excavations of both settlement and cemetery sites. Glass in the Anglo-Saxon period was used in the manufacture of a range of objects including vessels, beads, windows and was also used in jewelry. Fr... | smoked or frosted glass | 12,277 |
56dfb587231d4119001abca2 | Pub | Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, ... | What are the windows of 1990s and later pubs often made of? | {
"answer_start": [
350
],
"text": [
"clear glass"
]
} | What are the windows of [MASK] and later pubs often made of? | [
0.4539400041103363,
0.6369253993034363,
-0.030869148671627045,
-0.13063421845436096,
0.44277331233024597,
0.322457492351532,
0.19187916815280914,
-0.07660982012748718,
-0.06256403028964996,
0.08920931071043015,
-0.43747085332870483,
0.024660121649503708,
0.1988806128501892,
0.1563990116119... | Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf. Tibetan dbus, Ü, [wyʔ˨˧˨]), Wusizang (Chinese: 烏斯藏; pinyin: wūsīzàng, cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang, Ü-Tsang), Tubote (Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè), and Tanggute (Chinese: 唐古忒; pinyin: Tánggǔtè, cf. Tangut). American Tibetologist El... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technical... | clear glass | 12,278 |
56dfb587231d4119001abca3 | Pub | Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, ... | Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"snacks"
]
} | Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer? | [
0.418192058801651,
0.5274791121482849,
0.13564150035381317,
-0.1747818887233734,
0.14612911641597748,
0.2521286904811859,
0.4121015965938568,
0.15274278819561005,
-0.05792372301220894,
0.16252990067005157,
-0.3423815667629242,
0.10255391150712967,
0.0918978676199913,
0.0024920112919062376,... | Wary of protests, the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi, and have given it the security normally associated with Republic Day celebrations, which are considered terrorist targets. Chinese intelligence's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly 'vu... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the ma... | snacks | 12,279 |
56dee19cc65bf219000b3db7 | Pub | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | What is the owner, tenant or manager of a pub known as? | {
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"pub landlord"
]
} | What is the owner, tenant or manager of a pub known as? | [
0.1383308321237564,
0.46237683296203613,
0.22172921895980835,
-0.24491268396377563,
0.24399705231189728,
0.35804513096809387,
0.39953190088272095,
0.16777457296848297,
0.14193081855773926,
0.12299942970275879,
-0.4899238646030426,
0.1612984538078308,
0.06730511784553528,
0.1104900687932968... | Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire. After the fall of Delhi in 1857, the migration of performing artists to the city particularly from the north and west of the Indian sub continent, under the patronage of the Nizam, enriched the cultural milieu. This migr... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | pub landlord | 12,280 |
56dee19cc65bf219000b3db8 | Pub | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | What term came into use in Victorian times to designate the pub landlord? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"publican"
]
} | What term came into use in [MASK] times to designate the pub landlord? | [
0.051449552178382874,
0.3905858099460602,
0.08951984345912933,
-0.4864320456981659,
-0.06611819565296173,
0.4095004200935364,
0.23774953186511993,
-0.046781670302152634,
0.044263143092393875,
0.1583058089017868,
-0.36898013949394226,
-0.04357430711388588,
-0.0704144835472107,
0.38930571079... | Worldwide use of solar power and wind power continued to grow significantly in 2012. Solar electricity consumption increased by 58 percent, to 93 terawatt-hours (TWh). Use of wind power in 2012 increased by 18.1 percent, to 521.3 TWh. Global solar and wind energy installed capacities continued to expand even though new... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinc... | publican | 12,281 |
56dee19cc65bf219000b3db9 | Pub | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | Name one way regulars choose their Pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
298
],
"text": [
"for their proximity to home or work"
]
} | Name [MASK] way regulars choose their [MASK]? | [
0.35656100511550903,
0.25515589118003845,
0.3947197496891022,
0.12643159925937653,
0.24972237646579742,
0.018627874553203583,
-0.1538935899734497,
0.2248610109090805,
-0.20099124312400818,
0.041617341339588165,
-0.10229279845952988,
0.5326328277587891,
0.047608889639377594,
-0.170928195118... | Catalan has an inflectional grammar, with two genders (masculine, feminine), and two numbers (singular, plural). Pronouns are also inflected for case, animacy[citation needed] and politeness, and can be combined in very complex ways. Verbs are split in several paradigms and are inflected for person, number, tense, aspe... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed] | for their proximity to home or work | 12,282 |
56dfb6067aa994140058e035 | Pub | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | What is a proper term for the licensee of the pub? | {
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"pub landlord"
]
} | What is a proper term for the licensee of the pub? | [
0.2758904695510864,
0.5571080446243286,
0.3065614104270935,
-0.16926449537277222,
0.18562981486320496,
0.1625296026468277,
0.3116799592971802,
-0.03824548050761223,
0.43589523434638977,
0.4019498825073242,
-0.26057907938957214,
0.3960269093513489,
0.05652911961078644,
0.05937163159251213,
... | After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instabilit... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | pub landlord | 12,283 |
56dfb6067aa994140058e036 | Pub | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | What was the pub landlord often called in Victorian times? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"publican"
]
} | What was the pub landlord often called in [MASK] times? | [
0.09672047197818756,
0.4620420038700104,
0.05530589073896408,
-0.3266463279724121,
0.02760769985616207,
0.33788004517555237,
0.3109098970890045,
0.20960552990436554,
-0.03609681501984596,
0.2238501012325287,
-0.41962870955467224,
0.11293081194162369,
-0.13793013989925385,
0.137721732258796... | On June 11, 2006, the British tabloid The Mail on Sunday reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts. Apple investigated the case with independent auditors and found that, while some of the plant's labour practices met Apple's Code of Conduct, oth... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the ma... | publican | 12,284 |
56dfb6067aa994140058e037 | Pub | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | What are pubs called by those who regularly visit there? | {
"answer_start": [
251
],
"text": [
"locals"
]
} | What are pubs called by those who regularly visit there? | [
0.40189191699028015,
0.3359260857105255,
0.3344535231590271,
-0.20202068984508514,
0.3374749422073364,
-0.0025022518821060658,
0.5475885272026062,
0.2835076153278351,
-0.17825095355510712,
0.1884855031967163,
-0.5459703803062439,
0.17081019282341003,
-0.04568919539451599,
-0.06080370396375... | As of the 2000 census other Christian minority communities include Neo-Pietism (0.44%), Pentecostalism (0.28%, mostly incorporated in the Schweizer Pfingstmission), Methodism (0.13%), the New Apostolic Church (0.45%), Jehovah's Witnesses (0.28%), other Protestant denominations (0.20%), the Old Catholic Church (0.18%), ... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | Many pubs were drinking establishments, and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food, other than sandwiches and "bar snacks", such as pork scratchings, pickled eggs, salted crisps and peanuts which helped to increase beer sales. In South East England (especially London) it was common until recent times for ven... | locals | 12,285 |
56dfb6067aa994140058e038 | Pub | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | Teams for what sport can be found congregating at pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
419
],
"text": [
"darts"
]
} | Teams for what sport can be found congregating at pubs? | [
0.23303864896297455,
0.10099369287490845,
0.2113696187734604,
-0.23222853243350983,
0.18511421978473663,
-0.04964422807097435,
0.3425806760787964,
0.11918909847736359,
-0.38205745816230774,
-0.23487606644630432,
-0.3355969190597534,
-0.08973058313131332,
-0.1271321177482605,
-0.27479633688... | Birds are often important to island ecology. Birds have frequently reached islands that mammals have not; on those islands, birds may fulfill ecological roles typically played by larger animals. For example, in New Zealand the moas were important browsers, as are the kereru and kokako today. Today the plants of New Zea... | In Ireland, pubs are known for their atmosphere or "craic". In Irish, a pub is referred to as teach tábhairne ("tavernhouse") or teach óil ("drinkinghouse"). Live music, either sessions of traditional Irish music or varieties of modern popular music, is frequently featured in the pubs of Ireland. Pubs in Northern Irela... | Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, ... | darts | 12,286 |
56dfb6067aa994140058e039 | Pub | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | What gaming tables can often be found in pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
440
],
"text": [
"pool or snooker"
]
} | What gaming tables can often be found in pubs? | [
0.42512884736061096,
0.42252904176712036,
0.22041048109531403,
-0.023734869435429573,
0.4631364047527313,
0.12770427763462067,
0.031560447067022324,
-0.022469589486718178,
-0.25964000821113586,
0.032766155898571014,
-0.29268404841423035,
-0.02625611610710621,
-0.061743929982185364,
-0.0695... | A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the "Marquis of Granby". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, p... | pool or snooker | 12,287 |
56dee2c2c65bf219000b3ddc | Pub | Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a hand... | What was the off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption often referred to as? | {
"answer_start": [
421
],
"text": [
"jug and bottle"
]
} | What was the off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption often referred to as? | [
0.4623290002346039,
0.3695306181907654,
-0.04493904113769531,
0.09865837544202805,
0.15016651153564453,
0.3195396065711975,
-0.02693863771855831,
0.09544223546981812,
0.03120725229382515,
0.13476352393627167,
-0.27852579951286316,
-0.034089747816324234,
0.1460234820842743,
0.45230409502983... | The Crimean War also saw the first tactical use of railways and other modern inventions, such as the electric telegraph, with the first "live" war reporting to The Times by William Howard Russell. Some credit Russell with prompting the resignation of the sitting British government through his reporting of the lacklustr... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out ... | jug and bottle | 12,288 |
56dfb69b231d4119001abcc9 | Pub | Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a hand... | In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"1970s"
]
} | In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking? | [
0.2593799829483032,
0.3465879559516907,
0.12559227645397186,
-0.22468534111976624,
-0.07136320322751999,
0.06039460748434067,
0.3083930015563965,
0.07889363169670105,
-0.08268648386001587,
0.2994084656238556,
-0.2772800922393799,
-0.029431605711579323,
-0.042388398200273514,
0.345145046710... | While outer space provides the most rarefied example of a naturally occurring partial vacuum, the heavens were originally thought to be seamlessly filled by a rigid indestructible material called aether. Borrowing somewhat from the pneuma of Stoic physics, aether came to be regarded as the rarefied air from which it to... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out ... | 1970s | 12,289 |
56dfb69b231d4119001abcca | Pub | Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a hand... | What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home? | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"off-sales counter"
]
} | What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home? | [
0.2544822096824646,
0.2981279194355011,
0.08096922934055328,
0.029436778277158737,
0.055696841329336166,
0.3058163523674011,
0.13869231939315796,
0.036455683410167694,
0.05698965862393379,
0.22689954936504364,
-0.05253215134143829,
0.07201968133449554,
0.23473772406578064,
0.45021909475326... | Many of Tesla's writings are freely available on the web, including the article "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy," published in The Century Magazine in 1900, and the article "Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency," published in his book Inventions, Researches and Writings of Ni... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | off-sales counter | 12,290 |
56dfb69b231d4119001abccb | Pub | Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a hand... | What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter? | {
"answer_start": [
417
],
"text": [
"the jug and bottle"
]
} | What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter? | [
0.45069369673728943,
-0.09202110767364502,
-0.23340928554534912,
0.2895631492137909,
0.02792689949274063,
0.5025979280471802,
-0.06972857564687729,
0.32793989777565,
0.01721648871898651,
0.22042590379714966,
-0.2467564344406128,
0.19791069626808167,
-0.022721359506249428,
0.352999657392501... | In eastern Pennsylvania the Great Appalachian Valley, or Great Valley, was accessible by reason of a broad gateway between the end of South Mountain and the Highlands, and many Germans and Moravians settled here between the Susquehanna and Delaware Rivers forming the Pennsylvania Dutch community, some of whom even now ... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | Before the 1950s, the department store held an eminent place in both Canada and Australia, during both the Great Depression and World War II. Since then, they have suffered from strong competition from specialist stores. Most recently the competition has intensified with the advent of larger-scale superstores (Jones et... | the jug and bottle | 12,291 |
56dfb69b231d4119001abccc | Pub | Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a hand... | Along with high street chain stores and off-licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in the 1970s? | {
"answer_start": [
185
],
"text": [
"supermarkets"
]
} | Along with high street chain stores and off- licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in [MASK]? | [
0.32071876525878906,
0.4013841450214386,
0.24842652678489685,
0.10960284620523453,
0.11756987869739532,
0.35371509194374084,
0.22154538333415985,
-0.031567882746458054,
0.28509554266929626,
0.24646851420402527,
-0.09176705032587051,
0.16869595646858215,
-0.12870460748672485,
0.131360188126... | Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters fo... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | supermarkets | 12,292 |
56dee44ac65bf219000b3de1 | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | When did the inhabitants of the British Isles begin drinking ale? | {
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"the Bronze Age"
]
} | When did the inhabitants of [MASK] begin drinking ale? | [
-0.035502899438142776,
0.6672841310501099,
0.10476063191890717,
-0.3791279196739197,
-0.08106887340545654,
0.4172128736972809,
0.06806611269712448,
0.008013573475182056,
-0.17704588174819946,
-0.12096498161554337,
0.05270207300782204,
-0.062244631350040436,
0.20141343772411346,
0.126381486... | Fresh off spending the previous year touring the world with U2 on their Vertigo Tour, West felt inspired to compose anthemic rap songs that could operate more efficiently in large arenas. To this end, West incorporated the synthesizer into his hip-hop production, utilized slower tempos, and experimented with electronic... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom, although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site. Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history. Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans, Hertfordshire,... | the Bronze Age | 12,293 |
56dee44ac65bf219000b3de2 | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | With the Roman road network, what were the first inns called? | {
"answer_start": [
240
],
"text": [
"tabernae"
]
} | With the [MASK] road network, what were the [MASK] inns called? | [
0.1282419115304947,
0.3400294780731201,
0.20619824528694153,
-0.01866043545305729,
0.35528528690338135,
0.2316887378692627,
0.23998311161994934,
0.17130865156650543,
-0.09764324873685837,
0.017035236582159996,
-0.19783681631088257,
0.23877787590026855,
0.043694496154785156,
-0.010987549088... | Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico, in 1945. They set about assembling the captured V2s and began a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation. These tests led to the first rocket to take photos from outer s... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century AD. Initially, their arrival seems to have been at the invitation of the Britons as mercenaries to repulse incursions by the Hiberni and Picts. In time, Anglo-Saxon demands on the British became so great that they came to culturally dominate the bulk of south... | tabernae | 12,294 |
56dee44ac65bf219000b3de3 | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | How did the alewife let people know that her brew was ready? | {
"answer_start": [
491
],
"text": [
"the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole"
]
} | How did the alewife let people know that her brew was ready? | [
-0.09664570540189743,
0.28363707661628723,
0.319608211517334,
-0.2349710315465927,
0.09583868086338043,
0.3225192129611969,
0.29622820019721985,
-0.20463666319847107,
-0.05141904205083847,
0.2724674940109253,
-0.033067092299461365,
0.10533686727285385,
0.18172891438007355,
-0.0411521941423... | There were no anamorphic LaserDisc titles available in the US except for promotional purposes. Upon purchase of a Toshiba 16:9 television viewers had the option of selecting a number of Warner Bros. 16:9 films. Titles include Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy. The Japanese lineup of titles was di... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and ... | the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole | 12,295 |
56dee44ac65bf219000b3de4 | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | What did King Edgar decree in 965? | {
"answer_start": [
937
],
"text": [
"there should be no more than one alehouse per village"
]
} | What did King [MASK] decree in [MASK]? | [
0.3225848078727722,
0.3952193260192871,
0.12336207926273346,
0.15930010378360748,
0.1054205521941185,
-0.23353277146816254,
-0.043205250054597855,
-0.33800387382507324,
-0.055743951350450516,
0.008408007211983204,
-0.285708487033844,
0.17099140584468842,
-0.2320796549320221,
0.205100178718... | By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a preceden... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | The word ale comes from Old English ealu (plural ealoþ), in turn from Proto-Germanic *alu (plural *aluþ), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European base *h₂elut-, which holds connotations of "sorcery, magic, possession, intoxication". The word beer comes from Old English bēor, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą, probably from Pr... | there should be no more than one alehouse per village | 12,296 |
56dfb7187aa994140058e05d | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | During what historical epoch did Britons begin drinking ale? | {
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"the Bronze Age"
]
} | During what historical epoch did [MASK] begin drinking ale? | [
-0.13783563673496246,
0.5798333287239075,
0.1089349016547203,
-0.23550966382026672,
-0.0459924042224884,
0.258309006690979,
0.09464741498231888,
-0.035367365926504135,
-0.2732771039009094,
-0.2095595747232437,
0.14394836127758026,
-0.20003218948841095,
0.2325294464826584,
0.237694010138511... | Following a peak in growth in 1979, the Liberian economy began a steady decline due to economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup. This decline was accelerated by the outbreak of civil war in 1989; GDP was reduced by an estimated 90% between 1989 and 1995, one of the fastest declines in history. Upon the end of the... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | Since the 1990s food has become a more important part of a pub's trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to (or instead of) snacks consumed at the bar. They may have a separate dining room. Some pubs serve meals to a higher standard, to match good restaurant standards; these are so... | the Bronze Age | 12,297 |
56dfb7187aa994140058e05e | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | In what century did the Romans arrive in Britain? | {
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"the 1st Century"
]
} | In what century did the [MASK] arrive in [MASK]? | [
0.004915427416563034,
0.12496080994606018,
0.10018464177846909,
0.006099850870668888,
0.08657365292310715,
0.1379450112581253,
0.10327821969985962,
0.2105671763420105,
-0.2700020968914032,
-0.22269704937934875,
0.16917221248149872,
-0.15463386476039886,
0.08000023663043976,
0.3715460300445... | The Theater District is a 17-block area in the center of downtown Houston that is home to the Bayou Place entertainment complex, restaurants, movies, plazas, and parks. Bayou Place is a large multilevel building containing full-service restaurants, bars, live music, billiards, and Sundance Cinema. The Bayou Music Cente... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | In England, the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of the Anglo-Saxon and precedes the Early Gothic. In southern Italy, the Normans incorporated elements of Islamic, Lombard, and Byzantine building techniques into their own, initiating a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture within the Kin... | the 1st Century | 12,298 |
56dfb7187aa994140058e05f | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | What was the Latin term for the Roman inns? | {
"answer_start": [
240
],
"text": [
"tabernae"
]
} | What was the [MASK] term for the [MASK] inns? | [
0.11330966651439667,
0.3825283944606781,
-0.06564047187566757,
-0.04419838637113571,
0.28400975465774536,
0.3110942542552948,
0.4007929265499115,
0.006682591512799263,
-0.1455516815185547,
0.15099523961544037,
-0.21506288647651672,
0.27634018659591675,
-0.06401105970144272,
-0.001774676376... | In the Netherlands, four former institutes of technology have become universities over the past decades. These are the current three Technical Universities (at Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede), plus the former agricultural institute in Wageningen. A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might b... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. Much of Brittonic-controlled Britain was conquered by the Roman Empire from AD 43. The first Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the... | tabernae | 12,299 |
56dfb7187aa994140058e060 | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | In what century did the Romans leave Britain? | {
"answer_start": [
358
],
"text": [
"5th Century"
]
} | In what century did the [MASK] leave [MASK]? | [
-0.12246587127447128,
0.09943648427724838,
0.007877669297158718,
-0.044760458171367645,
0.17639243602752686,
-0.03493041172623634,
0.2692767381668091,
0.2159019410610199,
-0.2966914772987366,
-0.05256868526339531,
-0.16433125734329224,
-0.22829069197177887,
0.13209055364131927,
0.324576795... | New Zealand has an annual quota of 75 Tuvaluans granted work permits under the Pacific Access Category, as announced in 2001. The applicants register for the Pacific Access Category (PAC) ballots; the primary criteria is that the principal applicant must have a job offer from a New Zealand employer. Tuvaluans also have... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established. | 5th Century | 12,300 |
56dfb7187aa994140058e061 | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | What color bush did an Anglo-Saxon woman raise to indicate that her ale was done brewing? | {
"answer_start": [
527
],
"text": [
"green"
]
} | What color bush did an [MASK] - Saxon woman raise to indicate that her ale was done brewing? | [
-0.03574839234352112,
0.32180359959602356,
0.03491578996181488,
-0.2080991119146347,
0.09375940263271332,
0.37477320432662964,
0.32332929968833923,
-0.2387920767068863,
0.00988697074353695,
0.38495728373527527,
0.034444279968738556,
-0.0976865217089653,
0.31138551235198975,
0.1154448837041... | The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States. NSFNET was also the name given to several nationwide backbone networks operati... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low ... | green | 12,301 |
56dee5d8c65bf219000b3df7 | Pub | A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. | In the early Middle Ages, where could a traveler obtain overnight accommodations? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"in monasteries"
]
} | In [MASK], where could a traveler obtain overnight accommodations? | [
0.09948363900184631,
0.11767207831144333,
0.2962016463279724,
0.30564916133880615,
0.66741943359375,
-0.013973858207464218,
0.41452258825302124,
-0.10777334123849869,
-0.04884742572903633,
0.021595055237412453,
-0.39100873470306396,
0.12265267968177795,
-0.13803136348724365,
-0.16935186088... | Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday. In the late 1980s, Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker both played the Doctor at different times during the run of a play titled Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure. For... | The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work—most notably hi... | In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar... | in monasteries | 12,302 |
56dee5d8c65bf219000b3df8 | Pub | A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. | When were the Hostellers of London were granted guild status? | {
"answer_start": [
230
],
"text": [
"1446"
]
} | When were the Hostellers of London were granted guild status? | [
0.13214226067066193,
0.33617112040519714,
0.36420878767967224,
-0.446737140417099,
-0.01547884102910757,
0.18839840590953827,
0.305395245552063,
-0.04808558151125908,
-0.3007626533508301,
-0.0871448740363121,
-0.18627877533435822,
-0.04504237696528435,
-0.062287818640470505,
-0.01727158576... | The three latest satellites will jointly undergo testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links, and start providing navigation services when ready. | The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work—most notably hi... | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | 1446 | 12,303 |
56dee5d8c65bf219000b3df9 | Pub | A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. | What name was taken by the Hostellers in 1514? | {
"answer_start": [
268
],
"text": [
"Worshipful Company of Innholders"
]
} | What name was taken by the [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
-0.09363637119531631,
0.04791008308529854,
-0.19609393179416656,
0.1986808329820633,
-0.13928300142288208,
0.2101515233516693,
-0.04546039178967476,
-0.06406799703836441,
-0.1197461485862732,
0.08365345746278763,
-0.3992514908313751,
0.024722473695874214,
-0.16127485036849976,
0.1335884481... | Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. T... | The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work—most notably hi... | The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from th... | Worshipful Company of Innholders | 12,304 |
56dfb76e7aa994140058e067 | Pub | A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. | When did the Hostellers of London become a guild? | {
"answer_start": [
230
],
"text": [
"1446"
]
} | When did [MASK] become a guild? | [
0.2464969903230667,
-0.028519289568066597,
0.2043190449476242,
-0.164545476436615,
-0.11248528212308884,
-0.009776181541383266,
-0.018177060410380363,
-0.0988018810749054,
-0.45628419518470764,
-0.10108127444982529,
0.048358768224716187,
0.18745315074920654,
-0.20124562084674835,
0.0276665... | Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe o... | The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work—most notably hi... | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | 1446 | 12,305 |
56dfb76e7aa994140058e068 | Pub | A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. | In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders? | {
"answer_start": [
242
],
"text": [
"1514"
]
} | In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to [MASK]? | [
0.10904975235462189,
0.43579497933387756,
0.23678070306777954,
-0.5125011205673218,
-0.11816167086362839,
0.2502117156982422,
0.4311237633228302,
-0.07323375344276428,
-0.17747074365615845,
-0.10911357402801514,
-0.30292969942092896,
-0.2525281012058258,
-0.12427127361297607,
0.30809462070... | Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid... | The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work—most notably hi... | The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforceable by pros... | 1514 | 12,306 |
56dfb76e7aa994140058e069 | Pub | A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. | Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"monasteries"
]
} | Where did travelers [MASK] often find lodgings? | [
0.1802697777748108,
0.33087068796157837,
0.07615017145872116,
0.22502419352531433,
0.49677398800849915,
0.20556975901126862,
0.3415038287639618,
0.020372988656163216,
-0.1693011373281479,
-0.09621910750865936,
-0.23559938371181488,
0.059967540204524994,
-0.07408586144447327,
-0.19939212501... | Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of ap... | The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work—most notably hi... | The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to "Cambaluc," the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Mil... | monasteries | 12,307 |
56dfb76e7aa994140058e06a | Pub | A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. | What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries? | {
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"pilgrimages"
]
} | What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries? | [
0.053276460617780685,
0.2649317979812622,
0.23092135787010193,
0.10335977375507355,
0.07193859666585922,
0.08852709084749222,
0.5396639704704285,
0.1371881663799286,
-0.27481764554977417,
-0.226031094789505,
-0.20116089284420013,
-0.025775665417313576,
0.028605880215764046,
0.0716996192932... | The European powers recognized the islands as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874. However, Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1884, and they became part of German New Guinea in 1885. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with othe... | The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work—most notably hi... | Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened... | pilgrimages | 12,308 |
56dee6af3277331400b4d7dd | Pub | Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition... | Where is an inn typically located? | {
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"in the country or along a highway"
]
} | Where is an inn typically located? | [
0.18272528052330017,
0.462399959564209,
-0.0276248250156641,
-0.05380580201745033,
0.6671434640884399,
0.24808451533317566,
0.343365877866745,
-0.011630985885858536,
-0.0019590076990425587,
-0.09845461696386337,
-0.32883018255233765,
0.15359431505203247,
0.10970671474933624,
-0.09178663045... | Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected an... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming hous... | in the country or along a highway | 12,309 |
56dee6af3277331400b4d7de | Pub | Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition... | In addition to providing for the needs of travelers what was another typical use for an inn? | {
"answer_start": [
391
],
"text": [
"community gathering places"
]
} | In addition to providing for the needs of travelers what was another typical use for an inn? | [
0.1156415194272995,
0.38329991698265076,
-0.11780419945716858,
0.08739493042230606,
0.48541367053985596,
0.33500751852989197,
0.37381649017333984,
0.12764984369277954,
0.02288825996220112,
0.025474030524492264,
-0.059006739407777786,
0.26017850637435913,
-0.0390508733689785,
-0.02689378149... | Gorbachev's inability to alleviate any of Armenia's problems created disillusionment among the Armenians and fed a growing hunger for independence. In May 1990, the New Armenian Army (NAA) was established, serving as a defence force separate from the Soviet Red Army. Clashes soon broke out between the NAA and Soviet In... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen"... | community gathering places | 12,310 |
56dee6af3277331400b4d7df | Pub | Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition... | How old are some of the inns in Europe? | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"several centuries"
]
} | How old are some of the inns in [MASK]? | [
0.21868258714675903,
0.4450138509273529,
0.15600082278251648,
-0.05500800535082817,
0.6315293908119202,
0.17117351293563843,
0.13326016068458557,
0.1509818732738495,
-0.14927786588668823,
-0.06551387906074524,
-0.15940053761005402,
0.20574578642845154,
0.15878568589687347,
0.10171052813529... | On October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Chur... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | several centuries | 12,311 |
56dfb801231d4119001abcf1 | Pub | Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition... | Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns? | {
"answer_start": [
67
],
"text": [
"food and drink"
]
} | Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns? | [
0.333008348941803,
0.41863104701042175,
-0.10803750157356262,
0.19422481954097748,
0.5981158018112183,
0.25296837091445923,
0.34162425994873047,
0.012943541631102562,
-0.16358569264411926,
-0.1518734246492386,
-0.2191409319639206,
0.29530373215675354,
0.0910957008600235,
-0.208928078413009... | The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and bega... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | food and drink | 12,312 |
56dfb801231d4119001abcf2 | Pub | Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition... | What road is an inn often located near? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"highway"
]
} | What road is an inn often located near? | [
0.08110170811414719,
0.39512014389038086,
0.17002922296524048,
-0.0877448320388794,
0.527469277381897,
0.1939401626586914,
0.23799444735050201,
0.11873851716518402,
0.1516038030385971,
-0.1876356452703476,
-0.3218688368797302,
0.12444775551557541,
0.06194952875375748,
-0.13194052875041962,... | The "freedom to provide services" under TFEU article 56 applies to people who give services "for remuneration", especially commercial or professional activity. For example, in Van Binsbergen v Bestuur van de Bedrijfvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid a Dutch lawyer moved to Belgium while advising a client in a social s... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | Most British pubs still have decorated signs hanging over their doors, and these retain their original function of enabling the identification of the pub. Today's pub signs almost always bear the name of the pub, both in words and in pictorial representation. The more remote country pubs often have stand-alone signs di... | highway | 12,313 |
56dfb801231d4119001abcf3 | Pub | Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition... | How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system? | {
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"two"
]
} | How many thousand years ago did the [MASK] build their road system? | [
0.17468181252479553,
0.3749365508556366,
0.07551731169223785,
0.2803961932659149,
0.242325097322464,
0.4067504107952118,
-0.12394034117460251,
0.20607034862041473,
-0.10828287899494171,
-0.09324522316455841,
0.3677240312099457,
0.09836537390947342,
-0.0011595215182751417,
0.048679184168577... | According to 16th-century mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm, Ashkenazi Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century. The story is told that a German-speaking Palestinian Jew saved the life of a young German man surnamed Dolberger. So when the knights of the First Crusade came to siege Jerusalem, one of Dolberger's family... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature. The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front. A small building behind housed the legionary standards, the divine images used in religious rites and in the Imperia... | two | 12,314 |
56dfb801231d4119001abcf4 | Pub | Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition... | About how old are the oldest inns in Europe? | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"several centuries"
]
} | About how old are the oldest inns in [MASK]? | [
0.018002131953835487,
0.5009998083114624,
0.08547957241535187,
-0.11230919510126114,
0.6864129304885864,
0.06661057472229004,
0.07043948769569397,
0.15378771722316742,
-0.05606411024928093,
-0.05388078838586807,
-0.11888676881790161,
0.1818796843290329,
0.14559659361839294,
0.1059241667389... | Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly considered that "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential". Others, however, thought that "the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed". It was also described as a... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | As many pubs are centuries old, many of their early customers were unable to read, and pictorial signs could be readily recognised when lettering and words could not be read. | several centuries | 12,315 |
56dfb801231d4119001abcf5 | Pub | Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition... | What role did inns serve other than housing travelers? | {
"answer_start": [
391
],
"text": [
"community gathering places"
]
} | What role did inns serve other than housing travelers? | [
0.017966048792004585,
0.35742053389549255,
-0.08419983834028244,
0.13862966001033783,
0.5355405211448669,
0.2380228042602539,
0.34979215264320374,
0.02216322533786297,
-0.10182574391365051,
0.05461569130420685,
-0.17199677228927612,
0.2989833950996399,
-0.19986121356487274,
-0.130059555172... | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-... | Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world. | Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, ... | community gathering places | 12,316 |
56dfb89e7aa994140058e06f | Pub | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | What amenity does an inn offer that pubs, alehouses and taverns usually do not? | {
"answer_start": [
34
],
"text": [
"accommodation"
]
} | What amenity does an inn offer that pubs, alehouses and taverns usually do not? | [
0.044462256133556366,
0.6045764088630676,
0.07603569328784943,
-0.14088748395442963,
0.4017694294452667,
0.09519558399915695,
0.47735393047332764,
-0.014457602053880692,
0.08401297777891159,
-0.00743029173463583,
-0.32404378056526184,
0.12426283210515976,
0.0016233061905950308,
-0.09413690... | The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time. Cultural autonomies could be granted to minorities numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia. Before the Soviet occupation, the Germans and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural... | Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, howe... | A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are... | accommodation | 12,317 |
56dfb89e7aa994140058e070 | Pub | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | In what nation's pubs is food often served? | {
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"the UK"
]
} | In what nation's pubs is food often served? | [
0.3485802710056305,
0.38472801446914673,
0.15570640563964844,
-0.12865912914276123,
0.12002711743116379,
0.2022761106491089,
0.47291889786720276,
0.21973584592342377,
-0.11819010227918625,
0.06865226477384567,
-0.23520460724830627,
-0.0685546025633812,
0.030015315860509872,
-0.086253009736... | Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold. | Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, howe... | Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, howe... | the UK | 12,318 |
56dfb89e7aa994140058e071 | Pub | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn? | {
"answer_start": [
478
],
"text": [
"The George"
]
} | Along with [MASK] and [MASK], what is a notable [MASK] inn? | [
0.07580874860286713,
0.352909654378891,
0.12091724574565887,
0.020021682605147362,
0.5964439511299133,
0.0731576532125473,
0.3531617224216461,
-0.08147357404232025,
-0.10315427929162979,
-0.007358366623520851,
-0.449893981218338,
-0.03149164840579033,
0.09458043426275253,
0.147741928696632... | Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 19... | Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, howe... | Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinc... | The George | 12,319 |
56dfb89e7aa994140058e072 | Pub | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | In what country is "The Welcome Inn" frequently used as a name for pubs? | {
"answer_start": [
856
],
"text": [
"Scotland"
]
} | In what country is" [MASK]" frequently used as a name for pubs? | [
0.27971816062927246,
0.3465268015861511,
0.07661627978086472,
-0.31320035457611084,
0.06707331538200378,
0.1842225342988968,
0.4827766418457031,
0.19360782206058502,
-0.19004346430301666,
0.4428187608718872,
-0.45745474100112915,
-0.14164477586746216,
-0.014201829209923744,
0.1794770509004... | Meanwhile, Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the c... | Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, howe... | Many pubs were drinking establishments, and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food, other than sandwiches and "bar snacks", such as pork scratchings, pickled eggs, salted crisps and peanuts which helped to increase beer sales. In South East England (especially London) it was common until recent times for ven... | Scotland | 12,320 |
56dfb89e7aa994140058e073 | Pub | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns? | {
"answer_start": [
424
],
"text": [
"horses"
]
} | Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns? | [
0.19960379600524902,
0.37841320037841797,
-0.25269246101379395,
-0.1100945845246315,
0.3186195492744446,
0.4012317955493927,
0.5531180500984192,
0.004827430937439203,
-0.08561642467975616,
-0.15831737220287323,
-0.13767515122890472,
0.46174660325050354,
-0.12270541489124298,
-0.22542786598... | Immanuel Velikovsky is an example of a recent scientific exoheretic; he did not have appropriate scientific credentials or did not publish in scientific journals. While the details of his work are in scientific disrepute, the concept of catastrophic change (extinction event and punctuated equilibrium) has gained accept... | Pub names are used to identify and differentiate each pub. Modern names are sometimes a marketing ploy or attempt to create "brand awareness", frequently using a comic theme thought to be memorable, Slug and Lettuce for a pub chain being an example. Interesting origins are not confined to old or traditional names, howe... | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen"... | horses | 12,321 |
56dfb914231d4119001abd05 | Pub | The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food a... | What is the main service of an inn, now also attainable in motels, hotels and lodges? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"lodging"
]
} | What is the main service of an inn, now also attainable in motels, hotels and lodges? | [
0.24645189940929413,
0.5397106409072876,
0.384860098361969,
-0.06948314607143402,
0.7069030404090881,
0.13802844285964966,
0.43897250294685364,
-0.1184801235795021,
0.02909071370959282,
0.08358929306268692,
-0.3349984586238861,
0.32835519313812256,
0.22143006324768066,
0.040710173547267914... | The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Florida was 20,271,272 on July 1, 2015, a 7.82% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The population of Florida in the 2010 census was 18,801,310. Florida was the seventh fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 12-month period ending July 1, 2012... | The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i... | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | lodging | 12,322 |
56dfb914231d4119001abd06 | Pub | The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food a... | What is the main provision that pubs offer? | {
"answer_start": [
241
],
"text": [
"alcohol"
]
} | What is the main provision that pubs offer? | [
0.4279334247112274,
0.41807830333709717,
0.24200940132141113,
-0.304575651884079,
0.22020238637924194,
0.2746947407722473,
0.30824926495552063,
0.23093532025814056,
0.009456154890358448,
0.12720686197280884,
-0.3426101803779602,
0.11219613999128342,
-0.021579690277576447,
-0.00290904799476... | On July 31, 1995, The Walt Disney Company announced an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC for $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996, with the acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC being completed on February 9; following the sale, Disney ren... | The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i... | The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i... | alcohol | 12,323 |
56dfb914231d4119001abd07 | Pub | The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food a... | What are customers seeking when they visit restaurants or taverns? | {
"answer_start": [
314
],
"text": [
"food and drink"
]
} | What are customers seeking when they visit restaurants or taverns? | [
0.3243408799171448,
0.30454882979393005,
0.1801290065050125,
0.03957327827811241,
0.4795154929161072,
0.2384924292564392,
0.23288364708423615,
0.30396926403045654,
0.08681288361549377,
-0.24518190324306488,
-0.28063738346099854,
0.2794080376625061,
0.005494256969541311,
-0.0809708237648010... | Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, ... | The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i... | Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, ... | food and drink | 12,324 |
56dfb914231d4119001abd08 | Pub | The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food a... | What is a noted hotel brand throughout North America? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"Holiday Inn"
]
} | What is a noted hotel brand throughout [MASK]? | [
0.12194294482469559,
0.30356013774871826,
0.38858309388160706,
0.02316180430352688,
0.5149896144866943,
-0.16598662734031677,
0.32116127014160156,
0.11227700114250183,
-0.12719428539276123,
0.16059286892414093,
-0.4726890027523041,
0.08139381557703018,
0.28641027212142944,
0.29301393032073... | Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,0... | The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i... | A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. | Holiday Inn | 12,325 |
56dfb914231d4119001abd09 | Pub | The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food a... | In the United States, what are operators of lodgings sometimes called? | {
"answer_start": [
491
],
"text": [
"innkeepers"
]
} | In [MASK], what are operators of lodgings sometimes called? | [
0.3914830982685089,
0.34261366724967957,
0.005034569185227156,
0.05400724336504936,
0.5325823426246643,
0.06521853804588318,
0.2772798240184784,
-0.16409306228160858,
-0.14505234360694885,
0.07740525156259537,
-0.49120163917541504,
0.20917609333992004,
-0.1680842936038971,
-0.0127120921388... | An alloy of aluminium and gallium in pellet form added to water can be used to generate hydrogen. The process also produces alumina, but the expensive gallium, which prevents the formation of an oxide skin on the pellets, can be re-used. This has important potential implications for a hydrogen economy, as hydrogen can ... | The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i... | Pubs that cater for a niche clientele, such as sports fans or people of certain nationalities are known as theme pubs. Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs. | innkeepers | 12,326 |
56dfb970231d4119001abd0f | Pub | The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales. | Along with the Inns of Chancery, in what inns did British lawyers historically conduct business? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"Inns of Court"
]
} | Along with the Inns of Chancery, in what inns did [MASK] lawyers historically conduct business? | [
-0.04331779479980469,
0.42579907178878784,
0.05671118199825287,
-0.201504185795784,
0.4551450312137604,
0.34607183933258057,
-0.049741245806217194,
-0.1236492246389389,
-0.12324811518192291,
-0.10105602443218231,
0.10003533959388733,
0.5381307005882263,
0.07131948322057724,
-0.100108593702... | The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemplo... | During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates inde... | Early on, American courts, even after the Revolution, often did cite contemporary English cases. This was because appellate decisions from many American courts were not regularly reported until the mid-19th century; lawyers and judges, as creatures of habit, used English legal materials to fill the gap. But citations t... | Inns of Court | 12,327 |
56dfb970231d4119001abd10 | Pub | The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales. | In what city are the Inns of Chancery located? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"London"
]
} | In what city are the Inns of Chancery located? | [
-0.004142888356000185,
0.4267879128456116,
0.18156100809574127,
-0.0939815416932106,
0.5946624279022217,
0.3567330539226532,
-0.07325690239667892,
0.09716982394456863,
-0.020318839699029922,
-0.5158953070640564,
-0.2381686419248581,
0.17749466001987457,
-0.02389015443623066,
-0.08402390778... | Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties with the other line connecting San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties directly. | During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates inde... | English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge d... | London | 12,328 |
56dfb970231d4119001abd11 | Pub | The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales. | Outside England, what other country does the legal system founded around the Inns of Court operate in? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"Wales"
]
} | Outside [MASK], what other country does the legal system founded around the [MASK] operate in? | [
0.25928831100463867,
-0.0204832274466753,
0.13264065980911255,
0.3000456988811493,
0.2161877155303955,
-0.13852016627788544,
-0.015402787365019321,
-0.010019402951002121,
-0.3223823010921478,
0.0516388975083828,
-0.08689246326684952,
0.08690658211708069,
-0.026589026674628258,
0.0071359518... | The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six... | During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates inde... | The judicial branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law, by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration. Today the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the main judicial body, within which there is a higher European Cour... | Wales | 12,329 |
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd15 | Pub | Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almos... | What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale? | {
"answer_start": [
45
],
"text": [
"fermented malt"
]
} | What was the [MASK] ingredient of traditional [MASK] ale? | [
-0.14701490104198456,
0.5463674068450928,
-0.07828597724437714,
-0.16090363264083862,
-0.029860161244869232,
0.44475167989730835,
0.33249011635780334,
-0.17401587963104248,
0.045482393354177475,
0.2232181876897812,
-0.09392108768224716,
0.022107163444161415,
0.3367403447628021,
0.079014942... | On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the B... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | Beer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; while the Plzeň R... | fermented malt | 12,330 |
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd16 | Pub | Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almos... | What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production? | {
"answer_start": [
125
],
"text": [
"the Netherlands"
]
} | What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production? | [
0.09397619217634201,
0.28894728422164917,
-0.13907115161418915,
0.220341295003891,
0.04182884097099304,
0.39341554045677185,
0.04393918439745903,
0.022218581289052963,
-0.4521726965904236,
0.03278135508298874,
0.22979871928691864,
-0.2626572549343109,
0.03628638759255409,
0.143223240971565... | The physical relief of the island is dominated by two mountain ranges, the Troodos Mountains and the smaller Kyrenia Range, and the central plain they encompass, the Mesaoria. The Mesaoria plain is drained by the Pedieos River, the longest on the island. The Troodos Mountains cover most of the southern and western port... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer. In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia. Kyrgyzstan also has a beer made from millet; it is a low alcohol, somewhat porridge-like drink called "... | the Netherlands | 12,331 |
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd17 | Pub | Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almos... | In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England? | {
"answer_start": [
154
],
"text": [
"15th"
]
} | In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to [MASK]? | [
-0.05112040415406227,
0.19404643774032593,
-0.026039622724056244,
-0.04415684938430786,
0.20634177327156067,
0.27583396434783936,
0.137022465467453,
-0.006104467436671257,
-0.36906537413597107,
-0.046121664345264435,
0.0643668845295906,
-0.33672279119491577,
0.20889337360858917,
0.35975837... | In China, the war is officially called the "War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea" (simplified Chinese: 抗美援朝战争; traditional Chinese: 抗美援朝戰爭; pinyin: Kàngměiyuáncháo zhànzhēng), although the term "Chaoxian (Korean) War" (simplified Chinese: 朝鲜战争; traditional Chinese: 朝鮮戰爭; pinyin: Cháoxiǎn zhànzhēng) is also used ... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low ... | 15th | 12,332 |
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd18 | Pub | Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almos... | In what century did the first independent breweries appear in England? | {
"answer_start": [
275
],
"text": [
"17th"
]
} | In what century did the [MASK] independent breweries appear in [MASK]? | [
0.011815310455858707,
0.2085171788930893,
0.1607000231742859,
-0.2752542197704315,
-0.0018755175406113267,
0.22262577712535858,
0.041861314326524734,
-0.13238665461540222,
-0.23086579144001007,
0.24067430198192596,
-0.07426436245441437,
-0.044786956161260605,
-0.09544825553894043,
0.320267... | Democrats were elected to the legislature and governor's office, but the Populists attracted voters displeased with them. In 1896 a biracial, Populist-Republican Fusionist coalition gained the governor's office. The Democrats regained control of the legislature in 1896 and passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segr... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low ... | 17th | 12,333 |
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd19 | Pub | Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almos... | What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century? | {
"answer_start": [
345
],
"text": [
"commercial breweries"
]
} | What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in [MASK] by [MASK]? | [
-0.05581038445234299,
0.4689898192882538,
0.05418611690402031,
0.015012180432677269,
-0.02881585992872715,
0.35832709074020386,
0.15490473806858063,
0.02956581488251686,
-0.20847675204277039,
-0.0035133399069309235,
-0.0021812880877405405,
-0.0224814061075449,
-0.001486669760197401,
0.3130... | Chloroplasts alone make almost all of a plant cell's amino acids in their stroma except the sulfur-containing ones like cysteine and methionine. Cysteine is made in the chloroplast (the proplastid too) but it is also synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria, probably because it has trouble crossing membranes to get ... | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britai... | commercial breweries | 12,334 |
56dfba5f231d4119001abd29 | Pub | The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used... | After what political upheaval was gin introduced to England? | {
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"the Glorious Revolution"
]
} | After what political upheaval was gin introduced to [MASK]? | [
-0.25556668639183044,
-0.10277428478002548,
0.07804404944181442,
0.15695303678512573,
-0.08665480464696884,
0.049497026950120926,
0.023696471005678177,
-0.06426768004894257,
-0.1894609034061432,
0.03470434620976448,
0.12046961486339569,
-0.05823446810245514,
-0.07541018724441528,
-0.005667... | Some examples of social and religious transition ceremonies that can be found in the U.S., as well as in other cultures around the world, are Confirmation, Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceañeras, sweet sixteens, cotillions, and débutante balls. In other countries, initiation ceremonies play an important role, marking the t... | In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol... | This allowed any English firm to trade with India, unless specifically prohibited by act of parliament, thereby annulling the charter that had been in force for almost 100 years. By an act that was passed in 1698, a new "parallel" East India Company (officially titled the English Company Trading to the East Indies) was... | the Glorious Revolution | 12,335 |
56dfba5f231d4119001abd2a | Pub | The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used... | What people introduced gin to England? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"the Dutch"
]
} | What people introduced gin to [MASK]? | [
-0.17694394290447235,
0.18826650083065033,
0.15123260021209717,
-0.000487808370962739,
-0.04264361038804054,
-0.011973978951573372,
0.11444704234600067,
-0.06903157383203506,
-0.20265847444534302,
-0.006332851946353912,
0.24066609144210815,
0.003321664873510599,
-0.04641140252351761,
-0.06... | Later wax effigies include a likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright.[citation needed] During recent conservation of Elizabeth I's effigy, a unique corset dating from 1603 wa... | In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol... | A trend in the late 20th century was for breweries to run their pubs directly, using managers rather than tenants. Most such breweries, such as the regional brewery Shepherd Neame in Kent and Young's and Fuller's in London, control hundreds of pubs in a particular region of the UK, while a few, such as Greene King, are... | the Dutch | 12,336 |
56dfba5f231d4119001abd2b | Pub | The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used... | In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur? | {
"answer_start": [
192
],
"text": [
"1688"
]
} | In what year did [MASK] occur? | [
-0.08185134083032608,
0.0553710013628006,
-0.14636889100074768,
-0.07329582422971725,
0.057546086609363556,
0.03410409390926361,
0.2540046274662018,
0.1234990656375885,
-0.2995787262916565,
0.13277707993984222,
-0.047282539308071136,
-0.21083004772663116,
-0.09327784180641174,
0.3662630319... | Not all introduced species are invasive, nor all invasive species deliberately introduced. In cases such as the zebra mussel, invasion of US waterways was unintentional. In other cases, such as mongooses in Hawaii, the introduction is deliberate but ineffective (nocturnal rats were not vulnerable to the diurnal mongoos... | In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol... | Extending the Gregorian calendar backwards to dates preceding its official introduction produces a proleptic calendar, which should be used with some caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, with the year starting... | 1688 | 12,337 |
56dfba5f231d4119001abd2c | Pub | The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used... | How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740? | {
"answer_start": [
608
],
"text": [
"six times"
]
} | How much more gin than beer was made in [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
-0.12210851907730103,
0.26685962080955505,
0.035313911736011505,
0.20363928377628326,
0.08457797765731812,
0.35189682245254517,
0.06096058711409569,
-0.09487248957157135,
-0.33469700813293457,
0.17159774899482727,
-0.021734535694122314,
-0.14070434868335724,
0.14743056893348694,
0.17385113... | Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indige... | At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of... | The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain provided a great boost to cotton manufacture, as textiles emerged as Britain's leading export. In 1738, Lewis Paul and John Wyatt, of Birmingham, England, patented the roller spinning machine, as well as the flyer-and-bobbin system for drawing cotton to a more even thi... | six times | 12,338 |
56dfba5f231d4119001abd2d | Pub | The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used... | In 1740, what fraction of London drinking establishments were gin shops? | {
"answer_start": [
734
],
"text": [
"half"
]
} | In [MASK], what fraction of [MASK] drinking establishments were gin shops? | [
0.14911767840385437,
0.34879958629608154,
0.008313615806400776,
0.23106011748313904,
-0.07390014082193375,
0.515916109085083,
0.3772292137145996,
0.1368001252412796,
-0.14978665113449097,
0.0845155343413353,
-0.05484757572412491,
0.14953798055648804,
-0.05121105536818504,
-0.00093543069669... | London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925. London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure exp... | At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of... | Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, a... | half | 12,339 |
56dfbb977aa994140058e0b5 | Pub | The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The ... | What artist created the engraving Beer Street and Gin Lane? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"William Hogarth"
]
} | What artist created the engraving [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
0.1732884794473648,
0.3428698778152466,
-0.3126935362815857,
0.08020332455635071,
0.37372228503227234,
0.6055387854576111,
-0.4639130234718323,
-0.1210811510682106,
-0.5055145025253296,
-0.033902108669281006,
-0.13896670937538147,
0.12282470613718033,
0.04343882203102112,
-0.13229483366012... | Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the fir... | From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005. | The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London. | William Hogarth | 12,340 |
56dfbb977aa994140058e0b6 | Pub | The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The ... | What law imposed a high tax on gin shops and resulted in riots? | {
"answer_start": [
234
],
"text": [
"The Gin Act 1736"
]
} | What law imposed a high tax on gin shops and resulted in riots? | [
-0.008752296678721905,
-0.03296452760696411,
-0.17319244146347046,
0.14819760620594025,
-0.2537067234516144,
0.28994765877723694,
0.23626573383808136,
-0.054064441472291946,
0.002494976157322526,
0.0681488886475563,
-0.016531361266970634,
0.1703481823205948,
-0.4076463580131531,
0.19687451... | On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ... | From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005. | The Partisan Prohibitions were repealed during the Yellow Turban Rebellion and Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion in 184 AD, largely because the court did not want to continue to alienate a significant portion of the gentry class who might otherwise join the rebellions. The Yellow Turbans and Five-Pecks-of-Rice adherents bel... | The Gin Act 1736 | 12,341 |
56dfbb977aa994140058e0b7 | Pub | The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The ... | When were the Gin Act 1736 duties eliminated? | {
"answer_start": [
384
],
"text": [
"1742"
]
} | When were the [MASK] [MASK] duties eliminated? | [
0.22897867858409882,
-0.004172112327069044,
0.005533250514417887,
0.08622149378061295,
-0.06683710217475891,
0.14572107791900635,
0.13606728613376617,
-0.05210486799478531,
-0.20191147923469543,
0.14347754418849945,
-0.3493461310863495,
0.21636347472667694,
-0.048256296664476395,
-0.166044... | A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Er... | From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005. | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | 1742 | 12,342 |
56dfbb977aa994140058e0b8 | Pub | The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The ... | What law placed gin shops under the control of local magistrates? | {
"answer_start": [
390
],
"text": [
"The Gin Act 1751"
]
} | What law placed gin shops under the control of local magistrates? | [
0.17143289744853973,
0.019077949225902557,
-0.15940329432487488,
-0.04192306101322174,
-0.19116425514221191,
0.25674694776535034,
0.222243070602417,
-0.12260054051876068,
0.13619813323020935,
0.1046610027551651,
-0.09073811024427414,
0.15903136134147644,
-0.32541829347610474,
0.19862502813... | In the days following the disaster, an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings. Their findings show a variety of reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake. | From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005. | In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two ... | The Gin Act 1751 | 12,343 |
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0d7 | Pub | By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (p... | In what century did gin houses proliferate throughout Britain? | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"19th"
]
} | In what century did gin houses proliferate throughout [MASK]? | [
-0.05480096489191055,
0.05718936398625374,
0.21044526994228363,
-0.023262467235326767,
0.08585412800312042,
0.18492966890335083,
0.3439103960990906,
0.062355052679777145,
-0.38896194100379944,
0.016932722181081772,
-0.08210527151823044,
-0.12816865742206573,
-0.10786718875169754,
0.3596241... | About 75% of the population is employed in subsistence agriculture upon Swazi Nation Land (SNL). In contrast with the commercial farms, Swazi Nation Land suffers from low productivity and investment. This dual nature of the Swazi economy, with high productivity in textile manufacturing and in the industrialised agricul... | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | During the 12th century, the institutions of central government, which had hitherto accompanied the royal English court as it moved around the country, grew in size and sophistication and became increasingly fixed in one place. In most cases this was Westminster, although the royal treasury, having been moved from Winc... | 19th | 12,344 |
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0d8 | Pub | By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (p... | What book by Dickens described activities in drinking establishments? | {
"answer_start": [
302
],
"text": [
"Sketches by Boz"
]
} | What book by [MASK] described activities in drinking establishments? | [
0.27543801069259644,
0.32355016469955444,
-0.3962933421134949,
0.017824450507760048,
0.34662359952926636,
-0.030999314039945602,
0.3276597857475281,
0.020558234304189682,
0.03179717808961868,
0.12758226692676544,
-0.09705763310194016,
-0.05418197438120842,
-0.29301756620407104,
-0.20897620... | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable,... | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | Many of London's pubs are known to have been used by famous people, but in some cases, such as the association between Samuel Johnson and Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese, this is speculative, based on little more than the fact that the person is known to have lived nearby. However, Charles Dickens is known to have visited the ... | Sketches by Boz | 12,345 |
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0d9 | Pub | By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (p... | Over what two-year period was Sketches by Boz written? | {
"answer_start": [
329
],
"text": [
"1835–1836"
]
} | Over what [MASK] period was [MASK] written? | [
0.18024761974811554,
0.11901047080755234,
-0.33356019854545593,
-0.05946381017565727,
0.12856772541999817,
0.2617858350276947,
-0.029918016865849495,
0.03757203742861748,
-0.20095306634902954,
-0.08313754200935364,
-0.0015668341657146811,
0.038783613592386246,
0.22676502168178558,
0.085250... | A Pharmacy Technician in the UK is considered a health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy) but instead is supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians. In the UK the role of a PhT has grown and responsibility has been... | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | These troubles were followed in 1347 by the Black Death, a pandemic that spread throughout Europe during the following three years.[AC] The death toll was probably about 35 million people in Europe, about one-third of the population. Towns were especially hard-hit because of their crowded conditions.[AD] Large areas of... | 1835–1836 | 12,346 |
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0da | Pub | By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (p... | What was another name for gin houses early in the 19th century? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"\"Gin Palaces\""
]
} | What was another name for gin houses early in [MASK]? | [
-0.10475389659404755,
0.11121916770935059,
0.14533507823944092,
0.12126045674085617,
0.10167583078145981,
0.2501724064350128,
0.2858515679836273,
0.011373782530426979,
-0.1970425844192505,
0.03517124801874161,
-0.08882493525743484,
-0.11496206372976303,
0.03193899616599083,
0.1758442223072... | Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, The Federalist Papers mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury... | In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not o... | The Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforceable by pros... | "Gin Palaces" | 12,347 |
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0db | Pub | By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (p... | In what British city did gin houses first appear? | {
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"London"
]
} | In what [MASK] city did gin houses first appear? | [
0.11095015704631805,
0.11733856052160263,
0.29577428102493286,
0.05544467642903328,
0.13000425696372986,
0.33893707394599915,
0.18798460066318512,
-0.046059396117925644,
-0.2034463882446289,
-0.006439452990889549,
-0.18750734627246857,
-0.2688800096511841,
-0.17760300636291504,
0.246539041... | Leakage is equivalent to a resistor in parallel with the capacitor. Constant exposure to heat can cause dielectric breakdown and excessive leakage, a problem often seen in older vacuum tube circuits, particularly where oiled paper and foil capacitors were used. In many vacuum tube circuits, interstage coupling capacito... | Across continental Europe, but in France especially, booksellers and publishers had to negotiate censorship laws of varying strictness. The Encyclopédie, for example, narrowly escaped seizure and had to be saved by Malesherbes, the man in charge of the French censure. Indeed, many publishing companies were conveniently... | Ireland developed a strong middle class, especially in the major cities, by the mid-nineteenth century. They were active patrons of department stores. Delany's New Mart was opened in 1853 in Dublin, Ireland. Unlike others, Delany's had not evolved gradually from a smaller shop on site. Thus it could claim to be the fir... | London | 12,348 |
56dfbe6f231d4119001abd67 | Pub | Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low ... | What law allowed the existence of beer houses? | {
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"Beer Act of 1830"
]
} | What law allowed the existence of beer houses? | [
0.2326146811246872,
0.5486778020858765,
0.02935907617211342,
0.10599424690008163,
0.11015919595956802,
-0.05075151473283768,
0.4091048836708069,
-0.0877617746591568,
-0.05130526050925255,
0.21253225207328796,
-0.014029246754944324,
-0.07151970267295837,
-0.2859783172607422,
0.2520841658115... | Of the 10 most populous U.S. cities, Houston has the most total area of parks and green space, 56,405 acres (228 km2). The city also has over 200 additional green spaces—totaling over 19,600 acres (79 km2) that are managed by the city—including the Houston Arboretum and Nature Center. The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark i... | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called ... | Beer Act of 1830 | 12,349 |
56dfbe6f231d4119001abd68 | Pub | Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low ... | In what way did small beer differ from regular beer? | {
"answer_start": [
316
],
"text": [
"low alcohol content"
]
} | In what way did small beer differ from regular beer? | [
-0.147394597530365,
0.1543215662240982,
-0.061362333595752716,
0.022071056067943573,
0.07439413666725159,
0.2502744793891907,
0.240455761551857,
-0.08928043395280838,
-0.13404084742069244,
-0.0281891617923975,
-0.013484467752277851,
-0.23746322095394135,
-0.03395114466547966,
0.33307072520... | Local transit and paratransit bus service in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield counties is provided by the Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC). The GRTC, however, serves only small parts of the suburban counties. The far West End (Innsbrook and Short Pump) and almost all of Chesterfield County have no public tran... | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; be... | low alcohol content | 12,350 |
56dfbe6f231d4119001abd69 | Pub | Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low ... | What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer? | {
"answer_start": [
616
],
"text": [
"gin"
]
} | What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer? | [
-0.16379772126674652,
0.5443317294120789,
-0.2631361484527588,
-0.010553495958447456,
-0.30915796756744385,
0.2518087923526764,
0.4973779618740082,
-0.08131852000951767,
0.1207486242055893,
0.11359354853630066,
0.13076810538768768,
0.06483618170022964,
-0.0928257629275322,
0.22372579574584... | According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being cr... | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | In Germany, practical reference works intended for the uneducated majority became popular in the 18th century. The Marperger Curieuses Natur-, Kunst-, Berg-, Gewerkund Handlungs-Lexicon (1712) explained terms that usefully described the trades and scientific and commercial education. Jablonksi Allgemeines Lexicon (1721... | gin | 12,351 |
56dfbe6f231d4119001abd6a | Pub | Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low ... | What was the intention behind the passage of the Beer Act of 1830? | {
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"reducing public drunkenness"
]
} | What was the intention behind the passage of [MASK]? | [
0.3160167932510376,
0.1146211251616478,
0.10394488275051117,
0.17365121841430664,
0.07665079087018967,
0.40429505705833435,
0.10084813833236694,
0.023795409128069878,
-0.18120867013931274,
-0.09375814348459244,
-0.08392975479364395,
-0.017758727073669434,
0.03210939094424248,
-0.0125661650... | High tech companies have located in the area since the 1930s, when International Radio Corporation introduced the first mass-produced AC/DC radio (the Kadette, in 1931) as well as the first pocket radio (the Kadette Jr., in 1933). The Argus camera company, originally a subsidiary of International Radio, manufactured ca... | The restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing tim... | The Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when people had to... | reducing public drunkenness | 12,352 |
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f3 | Pub | Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, a... | What is the approximate modern value of two guineas in 1830? | {
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"£168"
]
} | What is the approximate modern value of [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
0.05151049420237541,
0.22489546239376068,
0.32742929458618164,
0.16100826859474182,
0.18842066824436188,
0.21645203232765198,
-0.032206106930971146,
-0.1836443841457367,
0.020922256633639336,
-0.06841401755809784,
-0.19820690155029297,
0.15941222012043,
-0.048991136252880096,
0.25088116526... | These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions. | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between ... | £168 | 12,353 |
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f4 | Pub | Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, a... | What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"beer or cider"
]
} | What did [MASK] allow a householder to sell from his home? | [
0.24699729681015015,
-0.07764657586812973,
0.021502532064914703,
0.040538717061281204,
0.1696982979774475,
0.2842544615268707,
0.22136035561561584,
-0.4201832413673401,
0.0043581645004451275,
0.33930185437202454,
-0.10202041268348694,
-0.02930130437016487,
-0.04958782717585564,
0.150596514... | In India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ultimate judicial authori... | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two ... | beer or cider | 12,354 |
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f5 | Pub | Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, a... | On what day were beer houses closed? | {
"answer_start": [
456
],
"text": [
"Sundays"
]
} | On what day were beer houses closed? | [
0.12129030376672745,
0.6588037610054016,
0.2237270176410675,
-0.23240086436271667,
-0.03927259519696236,
-0.0022291934583336115,
0.5378115773200989,
0.10525859892368317,
-0.06362257152795792,
0.16656851768493652,
-0.4336613118648529,
-0.13691572844982147,
-0.26997897028923035,
0.2188011258... | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubl... | In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two ... | In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called ... | Sundays | 12,355 |
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f6 | Pub | Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, a... | Along with barrels, what was beer typically dispensed from? | {
"answer_start": [
496
],
"text": [
"jugs"
]
} | Along with barrels, what was beer typically dispensed from? | [
0.20377370715141296,
0.5791559219360352,
-0.1544206440448761,
0.2538948357105255,
0.01010012999176979,
0.06103171408176422,
0.07599551230669022,
-0.3581888675689697,
-0.05647728592157364,
0.24586977064609528,
-0.017391078174114227,
0.05406009778380394,
0.021166212856769562,
0.3944458365440... | Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have be... | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and bec... | jugs | 12,356 |
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f7 | Pub | Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, a... | What was forbidden from being sold in beer houses? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"spirits and fortified wines"
]
} | What was forbidden from being sold in beer houses? | [
0.20110057294368744,
0.6064566969871521,
-0.17103062570095062,
0.02211941033601761,
-0.022675350308418274,
-0.05895455181598663,
0.4312525987625122,
0.00726013258099556,
0.023457201197743416,
0.08558985590934753,
-0.1472175121307373,
-0.10600068420171738,
-0.1556401401758194,
0.35877749323... | The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA consists of a chain made from four types of nucleotide subunits, each composed of: a five-carbon sugar (2'-deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.:2.1 | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a hand... | spirits and fortified wines | 12,357 |
56dfbf737aa994140058e103 | Pub | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | How many beer houses opened their doors in the inaugural year of the Beer Act? | {
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"400"
]
} | How many beer houses opened their doors in [MASK] of [MASK]? | [
0.32860562205314636,
0.5762672424316406,
0.3205883204936981,
-0.05231543630361557,
-0.0022362484596669674,
0.21454273164272308,
0.26351556181907654,
0.005433512851595879,
-0.12057679146528244,
0.06592020392417908,
-0.17930757999420166,
0.01094634085893631,
-0.025796687230467796,
0.32194915... | Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon. The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryde... | The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. More than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in... | Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually aro... | 400 | 12,358 |
56dfbf737aa994140058e104 | Pub | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act? | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"46,000"
]
} | How many beer houses existed throughout [MASK] [MASK] after the passage of [MASK]? | [
0.1700245887041092,
0.4579710364341736,
0.2407747358083725,
0.011688276194036007,
0.030967731028795242,
0.2460879385471344,
0.19086730480194092,
0.03556899353861809,
-0.3119265139102936,
-0.05230225622653961,
-0.11331158131361008,
-0.2081364244222641,
-0.04361852630972862,
0.26797372102737... | From the years 1500 to 1850, an estimated 3.5 million captives were forcibly shipped from West/Central Africa to Brazil; the territory received the highest number of slaves of any country in the Americas. Scholars estimate that more than half of the Brazilian population is at least in part descended from these individu... | The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. More than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in... | Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a hand... | 46,000 | 12,359 |
56dfbf737aa994140058e105 | Pub | In the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permission, the num... | In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses? | {
"answer_start": [
451
],
"text": [
"1869"
]
} | In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses? | [
0.43179166316986084,
0.4078714847564697,
0.2011481672525406,
-0.05540991201996803,
-0.053436968475580215,
0.02798602357506752,
0.22240842878818512,
-0.32005566358566284,
0.03383442759513855,
0.11926485598087311,
-0.15565796196460724,
0.012452579103410244,
-0.22102786600589752,
0.2804764211... | Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that "A preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the objects of ... | The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. More than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion (£147.7 billion) in... | It was the pub that first introduced the concept of the bar counter being used to serve the beer. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the ma... | 1869 | 12,360 |
56dfbfff7aa994140058e111 | Pub | Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and bec... | What establishments did beer houses become after buying an additional license? | {
"answer_start": [
329
],
"text": [
"pubs"
]
} | What establishments did beer houses become after buying an additional license? | [
0.3102981746196747,
0.5044373869895935,
0.1540967971086502,
0.005720681045204401,
0.144620880484581,
0.05869675800204277,
0.2629379630088806,
-0.168583482503891,
-0.06730613112449646,
0.14716795086860657,
-0.22615410387516022,
-0.0035890531726181507,
-0.10046622902154922,
0.359779715538024... | The ability of birds to navigate during migrations cannot be fully explained by endogenous programming, even with the help of responses to environmental cues. The ability to successfully perform long-distance migrations can probably only be fully explained with an accounting for the cognitive ability of the birds to re... | Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened... | The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i... | pubs | 12,361 |
56dfbfff7aa994140058e112 | Pub | Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and bec... | By the end of what century were most beer houses closed? | {
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"19th"
]
} | By [MASK] were most beer houses closed? | [
0.24624784290790558,
0.6642494201660156,
0.18419678509235382,
-0.22502174973487854,
-0.010818790644407272,
0.051705095916986465,
0.45736250281333923,
0.18909849226474762,
-0.2205134928226471,
0.14903928339481354,
-0.4382539987564087,
-0.11030326783657074,
-0.07883325219154358,
0.2805573344... | Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the "Hapdong" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyteri... | A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and ... | Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery. | 19th | 12,362 |
56dfbfff7aa994140058e113 | Pub | Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and bec... | Where are purpose-built pubs typically located? | {
"answer_start": [
551
],
"text": [
"corners or road junctions"
]
} | Where are purpose-built pubs typically located? | [
0.4363862872123718,
0.43630358576774597,
0.1629921793937683,
-0.16693225502967834,
0.41702666878700256,
0.3957553505897522,
0.45369213819503784,
-0.16530665755271912,
-0.03487737104296684,
0.08742021769285202,
-0.46799635887145996,
-0.15490660071372986,
-0.020114943385124207,
0.03187074512... | In 1953, the Republican Party's Old Guard presented Eisenhower with a dilemma by insisting he disavow the Yalta Agreements as beyond the constitutional authority of the Executive Branch; however, the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953 made the matter a practical moot point. At this time Eisenhower gave his Chance for... | A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and ... | Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened... | corners or road junctions | 12,363 |
56dfbfff7aa994140058e114 | Pub | Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and bec... | What modern brewers often first began as beer houses? | {
"answer_start": [
604
],
"text": [
"real ale micro-brewers"
]
} | What modern brewers often first began as beer houses? | [
0.28828439116477966,
0.5478827953338623,
0.08421134948730469,
-0.17259573936462402,
0.09217117726802826,
0.25235190987586975,
0.09527692198753357,
-0.1295238882303238,
-0.24197158217430115,
-0.14247635006904602,
-0.10997302830219269,
-0.18800853192806244,
-0.0863904282450676,
0.33135998249... | Lawrence Houston, head counsel of the SSU, CIG, and, later CIA, was a principle draftsman of the National Security Act of 1947 which dissolved the NIA and the CIG, and established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1949, Houston would help draft the Central Intelligence Agency Ac... | A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and ... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | real ale micro-brewers | 12,364 |
56dfc02e7aa994140058e119 | Pub | The beer houses tended to avoid the traditional pub names like The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak etc. and, if they did not simply name their place Smith's Beer House, they would apply topical pub names in an effort to reflect the mood of the times. | Along with The Royal Oak and The Crown, what is a traditional name for a pub? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"The Red Lion"
]
} | Along with [MASK] and The [MASK], what is a traditional name for a pub? | [
0.15077100694179535,
0.4338175058364868,
0.014632802456617355,
-0.2431134283542633,
0.11811865121126175,
0.2628870904445648,
0.379030704498291,
0.12160012871026993,
-0.032280419021844864,
0.3000589609146118,
-0.44929197430610657,
0.11115045100450516,
0.3119789659976959,
0.13125596940517426... | All of the forces in the universe are based on four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles, including nucleons and compound nuclei. The electromagnetic force acts between electric... | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | The Red Lion | 12,365 |
56dfc02e7aa994140058e11a | Pub | The beer houses tended to avoid the traditional pub names like The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak etc. and, if they did not simply name their place Smith's Beer House, they would apply topical pub names in an effort to reflect the mood of the times. | What is an example of a name for a beer house? | {
"answer_start": [
152
],
"text": [
"Smith's Beer House"
]
} | What is an example of a name for a beer house? | [
0.2183619886636734,
0.5286295413970947,
-0.10542796552181244,
-0.0973077267408371,
0.23932340741157532,
0.2700047492980957,
0.3433648943901062,
0.10051954537630081,
-0.1325034350156784,
0.062363095581531525,
-0.29073265194892883,
-0.37274107336997986,
-0.12836484611034393,
0.46242976188659... | This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night. | The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to... | The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century. | Smith's Beer House | 12,366 |
56dfc0887aa994140058e11d | Pub | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell? | {
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"ale"
]
} | In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell? | [
0.32865768671035767,
0.643006443977356,
0.19163990020751953,
0.09056161344051361,
0.13278552889823914,
-0.08360414206981659,
0.38671714067459106,
-0.22004996240139008,
0.2466551512479782,
0.16473470628261566,
0.05529305711388588,
0.3235783576965332,
-0.08575838804244995,
0.1028221175074577... | The overseas Chinese community has played a large role in the development of the economies in the region. These business communities are connected through the bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties. The origins of Ch... | Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened... | A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be... | ale | 12,367 |
56dfc0887aa994140058e11e | Pub | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | In what century did public drinking regulations first exist in England? | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"17th"
]
} | In what century did public drinking regulations first exist in [MASK]? | [
0.11659746617078781,
0.21212702989578247,
0.04456528276205063,
-0.07770851999521255,
-0.2229214906692505,
0.024777591228485107,
0.14936944842338562,
-0.14378948509693146,
-0.04914994165301323,
-0.04742050543427467,
0.21496276557445526,
0.07379823178052902,
-0.24679099023342133,
0.020740728... | Following the Sergeant Isaac Woodard incident, President Harry S. Truman, himself a combat veteran of World War I, issued Executive Order 9808 establishing the President's Committee on Civil Rights to examine the violence and recommend appropriate federal legislation. Hearing of the incident, Truman turned to NAACP lea... | In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol... | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen"... | 17th | 12,368 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.