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5733e7014776f41900661486 | Anthropology | Evolutionary anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and the relation between hominins and non-hominin primates. Evolutionary anthropology is based in natural science and social science, combining the human development with socioeconomic factors. Evolutionary... | Which humans does evolutionary anthropology concern itself with the biological and cultural evolution of? | {
"answer_start": [
402
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"text": [
"past and present"
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} | Which humans does evolutionary anthropology concern itself with the biological and cultural evolution of? | [
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-0.11468271... | On July 11, 2008, citing liquidity concerns, the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship. A bridge bank, IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB, was established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, its secured liabilities, and its insured deposit accounts. The FDIC announced plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB on July... | Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the i... | Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s. There was an immediate rush to bring it into the social sciences. Paul Broca in Paris was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies, the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, meeting for... | past and present | 5,435 |
5733e7014776f41900661487 | Anthropology | Evolutionary anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and the relation between hominins and non-hominin primates. Evolutionary anthropology is based in natural science and social science, combining the human development with socioeconomic factors. Evolutionary... | What type of approach is evolutionary anthropology based on? | {
"answer_start": [
437
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"scientific"
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0.031248064... | Whereas SCIMs cannot turn a shaft faster than allowed by the power line frequency, universal motors can run at much higher speeds. This makes them useful for appliances such as blenders, vacuum cleaners, and hair dryers where high speed and light weight are desirable. They are also commonly used in portable power tools... | Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the i... | Evolutionary ideas, although not natural selection, were accepted by German biologists accustomed to ideas of homology in morphology from Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants and from their long tradition of comparative anatomy. Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives, but ent... | scientific | 5,436 |
5733e7014776f41900661488 | Anthropology | Evolutionary anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and the relation between hominins and non-hominin primates. Evolutionary anthropology is based in natural science and social science, combining the human development with socioeconomic factors. Evolutionary... | What evidence does evolutionary anthropology draw on to understand the human experience? | {
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"many lines"
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Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GW... | Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the i... | Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated in the late 19th century with Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Darwin argued that emotions actually served a purpose for humans, in communication and also in aiding their survival. Darwin, therefore, argued that emo... | many lines | 5,437 |
5733e7c4d058e614000b6557 | Anthropology | Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to accultur... | What type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide? | {
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"Ethical"
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} | What type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide? | [
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5733e7c4d058e614000b6558 | Anthropology | Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to accultur... | What is the proper term for circumcision? | {
"answer_start": [
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"mutilation"
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} | What is the proper term for circumcision? | [
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5733e7c4d058e614000b6559 | Anthropology | Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to accultur... | What are good topics to attract the attention of an anthropologist? | {
"answer_start": [
178
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"text": [
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} | What are good topics to attract the attention of an anthropologist? | [
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5733e7c4d058e614000b655a | Anthropology | Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to accultur... | Nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just two theories of the root cause of Man's inhumanity towards whom? | {
"answer_start": [
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} | Nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just [MASK] theories of the root cause of Man 's inhumanity towards whom? | [
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0.297936558723... | New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl is commonly used for modern audiophile vinyl releases in all genres. Many collectors prefer to have heavyweight vinyl albums, which have been reported to have better sound than normal vinyl because of their higher tolerance against deformation caused by normal play. 1... | The "formal" interpretation is more widespread than the "substantive" interpretation. Formalists hold that the law must be prospective, well-known, and have characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty. Other than that, the formal view contains no requirements as to the content of the law. This formal approac... | It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be... | man | 5,441 |
5733e7c4d058e614000b655b | Anthropology | Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to accultur... | Why can one find thousands of anthropological references to the topics? | {
"answer_start": [
462
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"text": [
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0.227873325347900... | The first British Mont Blanc ascent was in 1788; the first female ascent in 1819. By the mid-1850s Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides. Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 (after seven attempts), and in 1938 the last of the six great north fa... | The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gen... | Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture, in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolica... | depth of an anthropological approach | 5,442 |
5733e8ccd058e614000b656e | Anthropology | But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At ... | What were Boas' peers doing in the 1940s? | {
"answer_start": [
67
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"text": [
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} | What were [MASK] ' peers doing in [MASK]? | [
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5733e8ccd058e614000b656f | Anthropology | But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At ... | What groups formed the Axis forces? | {
"answer_start": [
119
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"text": [
"Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan"
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} | What groups formed the [MASK] forces? | [
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5733e8ccd058e614000b6570 | Anthropology | But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At ... | What did many anthropologists serve in? | {
"answer_start": [
184
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"text": [
"the armed forces"
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} | What did many anthropologists serve in? | [
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5733e8ccd058e614000b6571 | Anthropology | But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At ... | The Office of Strategic Services is an example of what type of posting during the War? | {
"answer_start": [
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} | [MASK] is an example of what type of posting during the [MASK]? | [
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5733e8ccd058e614000b6572 | Anthropology | But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At ... | Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to David H. Price? | {
"answer_start": [
505
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"communist sympathies."
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} | Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to [MASK]? | [
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5733ea234776f419006614d3 | Anthropology | Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically da... | What do groups of anthropologists object to the use of anthropology for benefit of? | {
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"the state"
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} | What do groups of anthropologists object to the use of anthropology for benefit of? | [
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5733ea234776f419006614d4 | Anthropology | Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically da... | What type of briefings are forbidden for members of certain anthropologist bodies to give? | {
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"secret"
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} | What type of briefings are forbidden for members of certain anthropologist bodies to give? | [
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5733ea234776f419006614d5 | Anthropology | Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically da... | What has the ASA identified as being ethically dangerous? | {
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"certain scholarship"
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} | What has the [MASK] identified as being ethically dangerous? | [
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5733ea234776f419006614d6 | Anthropology | Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically da... | Who penned a "Statement of Professional Responsibility"? | {
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329
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"The AAA"
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} | Who penned [MASK]"? | [
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5733ea234776f419006614d7 | Anthropology | Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically da... | Secret research and reports are things which should never be what? | {
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567
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} | Secret research and reports are things which should never be what? | [
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5733eb08d058e614000b65b8 | Anthropology | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | Who are anthropologists working with along with other social scientists? | {
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70
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5733eb08d058e614000b65b9 | Anthropology | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | What are the anthropologists part of? | {
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101
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"text": [
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} | What are the anthropologists part of? | [
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5733eb08d058e614000b65ba | Anthropology | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | What efforts focus on better understanding and meeting of local needs in Afghanistan? | {
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180
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} | What efforts focus on better understanding and meeting of local needs in [MASK]? | [
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5733eb08d058e614000b65bb | Anthropology | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | Where are HTS teams working with the military in addition to Afghanistan? | {
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377
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"Iraq"
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} | Where are [MASK] teams working with the military in addition to [MASK]? | [
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5733eb08d058e614000b65bc | Anthropology | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | What does the AAA feel is incompatible with working with the military? | {
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1173
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"ethics"
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} | What does the [MASK] feel is incompatible with working with the military? | [
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5733ebf24776f41900661507 | Anthropology | Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropolo... | What type of anthropologist is interested in human variation? | {
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0
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} | What type of anthropologist is interested in human variation? | [
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5733ebf24776f41900661508 | Anthropology | Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropolo... | What would an idea shared by virtually all human cultures be considered? | {
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92
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"text": [
"human universals"
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} | What would an idea shared by virtually all human cultures be considered? | [
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5733ebf24776f41900661509 | Anthropology | Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropolo... | Where can participant observation take an anthropologist? | {
"answer_start": [
327
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"into the field"
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} | Where can participant observation take an anthropologist? | [
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5733ebf24776f4190066150a | Anthropology | Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropolo... | To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what? | {
"answer_start": [
369
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"a community in its own setting"
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} | To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must [MASK] travel to what? | [
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5733ebf24776f4190066150b | Anthropology | Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropolo... | Articles can published once what type of samples have been taken? | {
"answer_start": [
493
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"genetic"
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} | Articles can published once what type of samples have been taken? | [
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5733ec8ed058e614000b65f0 | Anthropology | Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeolog... | How do anthropologists typically like to divide up the world? | {
"answer_start": [
113
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"text": [
"relevant time periods and geographic regions"
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} | How do anthropologists typically like to divide up the world? | [
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5733ec8ed058e614000b65f1 | Anthropology | Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeolog... | How has human time on Earth been divided up? | {
"answer_start": [
207
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"text": [
"cultural traditions based on material"
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} | How has human time on [MASK] been divided up? | [
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5733ec8ed058e614000b65f2 | Anthropology | Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeolog... | Olduwan, Mousterian, and Levalloisian are all types of what? | {
"answer_start": [
383
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"tool"
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} | [MASK], [MASK], and [MASK] are all types of what? | [
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5733ec8ed058e614000b65f3 | Anthropology | Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeolog... | Mapping cultures is central to both the sciences of anthropologists and who else? | {
"answer_start": [
573
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"geographers"
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} | Mapping cultures is central to both the sciences of anthropologists and who else? | [
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5733ec8ed058e614000b65f4 | Anthropology | Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeolog... | What is a central part of the science of anthropology? | {
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828
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"comparative method"
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5733edbe4776f4190066152f | Anthropology | Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Ur... | What do some authors state anthropology developed as the study of? | {
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} | What do some authors state anthropology developed as the study of? | [
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5733edbe4776f41900661530 | Anthropology | Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Ur... | A past society would be an other culture separated by what temporal aspect? | {
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"time"
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5733edbe4776f41900661531 | Anthropology | Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Ur... | What other cultures are said to be separated by space, what is actually meant? | {
"answer_start": [
146
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} | What other cultures are said to be separated by space, what is actually meant? | [
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5733edbe4776f41900661532 | Anthropology | Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Ur... | Who published a book with unnecessarily long title, "Exploring the City: Inquires Toward an Urban Anthropology"? | {
"answer_start": [
231
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"Ulf Hannerz"
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} | Who published a book with unnecessarily long title," [MASK]"? | [
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5733edbe4776f41900661533 | Anthropology | Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Ur... | When did anthropologists stop looking for cultures far away and instead began to "look across the tracks"? | {
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543
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"only in late 1960s"
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} | When did anthropologists stop looking for cultures far away and instead began to "look across the tracks"? | [
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5733eecdd058e614000b6617 | Anthropology | Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the dail... | What has become common for social anthropologists to do since the 1980s? | {
"answer_start": [
80
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5733eecdd058e614000b6618 | Anthropology | Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the dail... | Setting research in the North Atlantic region allows looking at connections between locations rather than being limited to what? | {
"answer_start": [
212
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} | Setting research in the [MASK] region allows looking at connections between locations rather than being limited to what? | [
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5733eecdd058e614000b6619 | Anthropology | Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the dail... | What has there been a shift toward broadening the focus beyond? | {
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316
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"text": [
"daily life of ordinary people"
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} | What has there been a shift toward broadening the focus beyond? | [
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5733eecdd058e614000b661a | Anthropology | Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the dail... | What setting have anthropologists done more research in recently? | {
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397
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"scientific laboratories"
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} | What setting have anthropologists done more research in recently? | [
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5733eecdd058e614000b661b | Anthropology | Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the dail... | Governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses are all settings which are fair game to do what in? | {
"answer_start": [
361
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"research"
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} | Governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses are all settings which are fair game to do what in? | [
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5733ad50d058e614000b601d | Portugal | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | What happened to Joseph I in 1758? | {
"answer_start": [
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5733ad50d058e614000b601e | Portugal | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | Who was implicated in the attempted assassination of Joseph I? | {
"answer_start": [
311
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"text": [
"The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro"
]
} | Who was implicated in the attempted assassination of [MASK]? | [
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5733ad50d058e614000b601f | Portugal | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | Who was expelled from the country after the assassination attempt on Joseph I? | {
"answer_start": [
402
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"text": [
"The Jesuits"
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} | Who was expelled from the country after the assassination attempt on [MASK]? | [
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5733ad50d058e614000b6021 | Portugal | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | In what year did Joseph I make his minister the Count of Oeiras? | {
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5733ad50d058e614000b6020 | Portugal | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | What act finally broke the power of the aristocracy? | {
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488
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5733afe1d058e614000b6050 | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | In which year was the Count of Oeiras made the Marquis of Pambal? | {
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} | In which year was the Count of [MASK] made the Marquis of [MASK]? | [
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5733afe1d058e614000b6051 | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | How long did the Marquis of Pombal rule Portugal? | {
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"until Joseph I's death in 1779"
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} | How long did the Marquis of Pombal rule [MASK]? | [
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5733afe1d058e614000b6052 | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | What did Pombal's enlightenment promote at the expense of individual liberty? | {
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5733afe1d058e614000b604f | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | Was the new Count of Oeiras opposed by anyone after the Tavora affair? | {
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} | Was the new Count of [MASK] opposed by anyone after the [MASK] affair? | [
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5733afe1d058e614000b6053 | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | What was Pombal's "enlightenment" an apparatus for? | {
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370
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"crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation"
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} | What was [MASK] 's" enlightenment" an apparatus for? | [
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5733b1924776f41900661055 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | Under whose occupation did Portugal begin a slow decline? | {
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23
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} | Under whose occupation did [MASK] begin a slow decline? | [
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5733b1924776f41900661057 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | In what year did Brazil become independent from Portugal? | {
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} | In what year did [MASK] become independent from [MASK]? | [
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5733b1924776f41900661058 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | To where did Prince Regent Joao VI of Portugal transfer his court? | {
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334
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"Brazil"
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} | To where did Prince Regent [MASK] of [MASK] transfer his court? | [
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5733b1924776f41900661059 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | What was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by Portugal and Brazil in 1815? | {
"answer_start": [
538
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"text": [
"United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves"
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} | What was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by [MASK] and [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5733b1924776f41900661056 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | How long did Portugal's decline last? | {
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5733b2a64776f4190066107c | Portugal | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | Portugese and British troops fought against the invasion of which country? | {
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"French"
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} | [MASK] and [MASK] troops fought against the invasion of which country? | [
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5733b2a64776f4190066107e | Portugal | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | Until when did the King of Portugal remain in Brazil? | {
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} | Until when did the King of [MASK] remain in [MASK]? | [
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5733b2a64776f4190066107f | Portugal | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | Where did the Liberal Revolution of 1820 begin? | {
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"Porto"
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} | Where did [MASK] begin? | [
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5733b2a64776f4190066107d | Portugal | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | By what year had the situation in Europe cool down enough so that Joao VI would have been able to safely return to Lisbon? | {
"answer_start": [
315
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"1815"
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5733b2a64776f4190066107b | Portugal | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | What provoked the modernization and expansion of the Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus? | {
"answer_start": [
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} | What provoked the modernization and expansion of the [MASK] administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus? | [
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5733b49a4776f419006610c3 | Portugal | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa? | {
"answer_start": [
574
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"text": [
"before the turn of the 20th century"
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} | When were railroad tracks being installed [MASK]? | [
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5733b49a4776f419006610bf | Portugal | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | When was the Conference of Berlin held? | {
"answer_start": [
33
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"1884"
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} | When was [MASK] held? | [
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5733b49a4776f419006610c1 | Portugal | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | During what period were the Portugese Africa's cities founded or redeveloped? | {
"answer_start": [
238
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"Scramble for Africa"
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} | During what period were the [MASK] [MASK] 's cities founded or redeveloped? | [
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5733b49a4776f419006610c0 | Portugal | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | Why were the Portugese Africa territories' borders formally established? | {
"answer_start": [
140
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"text": [
"to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa"
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} | Why were the [MASK] [MASK] territories ' borders formally established? | [
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5733b49a4776f419006610c2 | Portugal | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa? | {
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489
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"text": [
"Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia"
]
} | What new [MASK] [MASK] 's coastal towns were developed during [MASK]? | [
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5733b5944776f419006610f1 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered? | {
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"1 February 1908"
]
} | On what day were King [MASK] and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom [MASK], Duke of [MASK], murdered? | [
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5733b5944776f419006610f2 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal declared bankrupt? | {
"answer_start": [
210
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"text": [
"on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902"
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} | Under the rule of King [MASK], on what [MASK] was [MASK] declared bankrupt? | [
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5733b5944776f419006610f3 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | Who succeeded King Dom Carlos I as king? | {
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350
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"text": [
"Manuel II of Portugal"
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} | Who succeeded King [MASK] as king? | [
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5733b5944776f419006610f4 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | On what day was King Manuel II overthrown? | {
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430
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"text": [
"5 October 1910"
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} | On what day was King [MASK] overthrown? | [
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5733b5944776f419006610f5 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | During the Portuguese First Republic, what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest? | {
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524
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"Political instability and economic weaknesses"
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} | During [MASK], what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest? | [
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5733b70fd058e614000b612a | Portugal | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | Who led the Estado Novo? | {
"answer_start": [
94
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"António de Oliveira Salazar"
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} | Who led [MASK]? | [
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5733b70fd058e614000b612b | Portugal | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | In what year was the Estado Novo established? | {
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"1933"
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} | In what year was [MASK] established? | [
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5733b70fd058e614000b612c | Portugal | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | How many European countries remained neutral throughout World War II? | {
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156
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} | How many [MASK] countries remained neutral throughout [MASK]? | [
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5733b70fd058e614000b612d | Portugal | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | What action affirmed Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation? | {
"answer_start": [
386
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"text": [
"relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa"
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} | What action affirmed [MASK] 's status as a transcontinental nation? | [
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57333879d058e614000b578d | Portugal | Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerou... | What are three international organizations that Portugal belongs to? | {
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365
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} | What are [MASK] international organizations that [MASK] belongs to? | [
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57333879d058e614000b578a | Portugal | Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerou... | What form of government does Portugal maintain? | {
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21
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"unitary semi-presidential republican"
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} | What form of government does [MASK] maintain? | [
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57333879d058e614000b578b | Portugal | Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerou... | What is Portugal's Social Progress ranking? | {
"answer_start": [
169
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"18th highest"
]
} | What is [MASK] 's [MASK] ranking? | [
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57333879d058e614000b578c | Portugal | Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerou... | Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal? | {
"answer_start": [
270
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"France, Spain and Italy"
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} | Which [MASK] [MASK] countries have a lower [MASK] ranking than [MASK]? | [
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57333879d058e614000b578e | Portugal | Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerou... | In 2001, Portugal was the first country in the world to do what? | {
"answer_start": [
512
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"decriminalized the usage of all common drugs"
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} | In [MASK], [MASK] was the [MASK] country in the world to do what? | [
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5733429d4776f419006607c8 | Portugal | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | What was Pelayos' plan? | {
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18
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"text": [
"to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors"
]
} | What was [MASK] ' plan? | [
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5733429d4776f419006607c9 | Portugal | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | Against which group of people was Pelayos fighting? | {
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269
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"Moors"
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} | Against which group of people was [MASK] fighting? | [
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5733429d4776f419006607ca | Portugal | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | In which battle did Pelayos defeat the Moors? | {
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325
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"text": [
"Battle of Covadonga"
]
} | In which battle did [MASK] defeat the [MASK]? | [
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5733429d4776f419006607cb | Portugal | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | In which year was Pelayos proclaimed king? | {
"answer_start": [
348
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"text": [
"722 AD"
]
} | In which year was [MASK] proclaimed king? | [
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5733429d4776f419006607cc | Portugal | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | What was the war of Christian reconquest, started by Pelayos, known as in Portugese? | {
"answer_start": [
505
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"Reconquista Cristã"
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} | What was the war of [MASK] reconquest, started by [MASK], known as in [MASK]? | [
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5733445dd058e614000b5808 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided? | {
"answer_start": [
426
],
"text": [
"dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring"
]
} | Why was [MASK] divided? | [
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5733445dd058e614000b5804 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias? | {
"answer_start": [
109
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"text": [
"King Alfonso III"
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} | Who annexed [MASK] into [MASK]? | [
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5733445dd058e614000b5805 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | In which year was Vimara Peres knighted? | {
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164
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"text": [
"868 AD"
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} | In which year was [MASK] knighted? | [
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5733445dd058e614000b5806 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | What was Vimara knighted as? | {
"answer_start": [
179
],
"text": [
"First Count of Portus Cale"
]
} | What was [MASK] knighted as? | [
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5733445dd058e614000b5807 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted? | {
"answer_start": [
245
],
"text": [
"Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália"
]
} | What [MASK] names did [MASK] become known as after [MASK] was knighted? | [
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573348bd4776f419006607f6 | Portugal | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of Country of Portugal struggle with? | {
"answer_start": [
412
],
"text": [
"maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture"
]
} | During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of [MASK] struggle with? | [
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573348bd4776f419006607f7 | Portugal | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what? | {
"answer_start": [
801
],
"text": [
"the Kingdom of Portugal"
]
} | [MASK] separated from [MASK] to establish what? | [
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573348bd4776f419006607f8 | Portugal | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | Portugese diverged from which language? | {
"answer_start": [
830
],
"text": [
"Galician"
]
} | [MASK] diverged from which language? | [
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573348bd4776f419006607f9 | Portugal | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | What is the Castilian Lanugage known as? | {
"answer_start": [
1069
],
"text": [
"Spanish"
]
} | What is the Castilian Lanugage known as? | [
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573348bd4776f419006607fa | Portugal | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced? | {
"answer_start": [
1296
],
"text": [
"Castilian (Spanish Language)"
]
} | By which language was [MASK] replaced? | [
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573356a5d058e614000b587b | Portugal | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | Who was de Melo's second marriage to? | {
"answer_start": [
329
],
"text": [
"the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun"
]
} | Who was [MASK] [MASK] marriage to? | [
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0.0730070546... | When endothermy first appeared in the evolution of mammals is uncertain. Modern monotremes have lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates than marsupials and placentals, but there is evidence that some of their ancestors, perhaps including ancestors of the therians, may have had body temperatures like t... | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | The new peace would only last for two years; war recommenced in the aftermath of John's decision in August 1200 to marry Isabella of Angoulême. In order to remarry, John first needed to abandon Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, his first wife; John accomplished this by arguing that he had failed to get the necessary papa... | the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun | 5,532 |
573356a5d058e614000b5878 | Portugal | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo"
]
} | Who was the [MASK] Marquis of [MASK]? | [
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573356a5d058e614000b5879 | Portugal | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | What title did Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa hold? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"Queen consort of Portugal"
]
} | What title did Archduchess [MASK] hold? | [
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