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5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5 | European_Union_law | In regard to companies, the Court of Justice held in R (Daily Mail and General Trust plc) v HM Treasury that member states could restrict a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49. This meant the Daily Mail newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the N... | How much capital did UK law require to start a company? | {
"answer_start": [
703,
703,
703
],
"text": [
"£1",
"£1",
"£1"
]
} | How much capital did [MASK] law require to start a company? | [
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0.05557572096586... | Compared to other team sports, the National Football League preseason is very structured. Every NFL team plays exactly four pre-season exhibition games a year, two at home and two away, with the exception of two teams each year who play a fifth game, the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game. These exhibition games, most of w... | In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and whe... | To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the E... | £1 | 91,901 |
5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6 | European_Union_law | In regard to companies, the Court of Justice held in R (Daily Mail and General Trust plc) v HM Treasury that member states could restrict a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49. This meant the Daily Mail newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the N... | How much capital did Danish law require to start a company? | {
"answer_start": [
827,
827,
827
],
"text": [
"200,000 Danish krone",
"200,000 Danish krone",
"200,000 Danish krone"
]
} | How much capital did [MASK] law require to start a company? | [
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0.05557572096586... | The term "Late Middle Ages" refers to one of the three periods of the Middle Ages, along with the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People (1442). Flavio Biondo used a similar framework in Decades of Histor... | In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and whe... | The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary e... | 200,000 Danish krone | 91,902 |
5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7 | European_Union_law | In regard to companies, the Court of Justice held in R (Daily Mail and General Trust plc) v HM Treasury that member states could restrict a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49. This meant the Daily Mail newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the N... | What could justify restrictions on freedom of establishment? | {
"answer_start": [
1888,
1888,
959
],
"text": [
"creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes",
"creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes",
"Denmark's minimum capital law"... | What could justify restrictions on freedom of establishment? | [
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0.2472570240497... | In addition to the Riemann hypothesis, many more conjectures revolving about primes have been posed. Often having an elementary formulation, many of these conjectures have withstood a proof for decades: all four of Landau's problems from 1912 are still unsolved. One of them is Goldbach's conjecture, which asserts that ... | In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and whe... | Citizenship of the EU has increasingly been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice, and has accordingly increased the number of social services that people can access wherever they move. The Court has required that higher education, along with other forms of vocational training... | creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes | 91,903 |
5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8 | European_Union_law | In regard to companies, the Court of Justice held in R (Daily Mail and General Trust plc) v HM Treasury that member states could restrict a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49. This meant the Daily Mail newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the N... | In which case did the Court of Justice hold that a German court couldn't deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract based in Germany? | {
"answer_start": [
1583,
1583,
1583
],
"text": [
"Überseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH",
"Überseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH",
"Überseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH"
]
} | In which case did [MASK] hold that a [MASK] court could n't deny a [MASK] building company the right to enforce a contract based in [MASK]? | [
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0.337119430303573... | The city is home or birthplace to a number of contemporary musicians such as R'n'B singer Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, former Holloways singer Rob Skipper as well as 1980s popstar Howard Jones. Several rock bands were formed in Southampton, including Band of Skulls, The Delays, Bury Tomorrow, Heart in H... | In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and whe... | While constitutional law concerns the European Union's governance structure, administrative law binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law. Both member states and the Commission have a general legal right or "standing" (locus standi) to bring claims against EU institutions and other member states for bre... | Überseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH | 91,904 |
5725b81b271a42140099d097 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | Which name is also used to describe the Amazon rainforest in English? | {
"answer_start": [
176,
201,
201
],
"text": [
"also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle,",
"Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle",
"Amazonia"
]
} | Which name is also used to describe the [MASK] rainforest in [MASK]? | [
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0.00784931890... | The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010. The San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985 (Super... | In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number... | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, | 91,905 |
5725b81b271a42140099d098 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many square kilometers of rainforest is covered in the basin? | {
"answer_start": [
394,
394,
394
],
"text": [
"5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest.",
"5,500,000",
"5,500,000"
]
} | How many square kilometers of rainforest is covered in the basin? | [
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0.11582739651... | Tito's greatest strength, in the eyes of the western communists, had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country. It was Tito's call for unity, and related methods, that held together the people of Yugoslavia. This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, ... | In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number... | Indigenous peoples of Brazil make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 700,000 people, even though millions of Brazilians have some indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although the majority of them live in Indian reservations in the North and Center-Western part of t... | 5,500,000 square kilometres (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. | 91,906 |
5725b81b271a42140099d099 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many nations control this region in total? | {
"answer_start": [
471,
515,
515
],
"text": [
"This region includes territory belonging to nine nations.",
"nine",
"nine"
]
} | How many nations control this region in total? | [
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5725b81b271a42140099d09a | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many nations contain "Amazonas" in their names? | {
"answer_start": [
749,
774,
774
],
"text": [
"States or departments in four nations contain \"Amazonas\" in their names.",
"four",
"four"
]
} | How many nations contain" [MASK]" in their names? | [
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0.34516352415084... | Large brushes are desired for a larger brush contact area to maximize motor output, but small brushes are desired for low mass to maximize the speed at which the motor can run without the brushes excessively bouncing and sparking. (Small brushes are also desirable for lower cost.) Stiffer brush springs can also be used... | In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number... | One computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100. However, simulations of Amazon... | States or departments in four nations contain "Amazonas" in their names. | 91,908 |
5725b81b271a42140099d09b | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | What percentage does the Amazon represents in rainforests on the planet? | {
"answer_start": [
822,
844
],
"text": [
"The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests",
"over half"
]
} | What percentage does the [MASK] represents in rainforests on the planet? | [
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5728349dff5b5019007d9efe | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | What is the Dutch word for the Amazon rainforest? | {
"answer_start": [
157,
157,
157
],
"text": [
"Amazoneregenwoud",
"Amazoneregenwoud",
"Amazoneregenwoud"
]
} | What is the [MASK] word for the [MASK] rainforest? | [
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5728349dff5b5019007d9eff | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | What rainforest covers the majority of the Amazon basin in South America? | {
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0,
4,
0
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"text": [
"The Amazon rainforest",
"Amazon rainforest",
"The Amazon"
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} | What rainforest covers the majority of the [MASK] basin in [MASK]? | [
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5728349dff5b5019007d9f00 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | In what country can most of the Amazon rainforest be found? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Brazil",
"Brazil",
"Brazil"
]
} | In what country can most of the [MASK] rainforest be found? | [
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0.0139923822134... | The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt wit... | In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number... | At 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi), the country is larger in size than Taiwan or Belgium. It lies at a low altitude; its highest point is 300 metres (984 ft). The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east. Its monsoon-like rainy s... | Brazil | 91,912 |
5728349dff5b5019007d9f01 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | The Amazon rainforest makes up what amount of Earth's rainforests? | {
"answer_start": [
844,
844,
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"text": [
"over half",
"over half",
"over half"
]
} | The [MASK] rainforest makes up what amount of [MASK] 's rainforests? | [
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5728349dff5b5019007d9f02 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many species of trees can be found in the Amazon rainforest? | {
"answer_start": [
1042,
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],
"text": [
"16,000",
"16,000",
"16,000"
]
} | How many species of trees can be found in the [MASK] rainforest? | [
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0.04407821595668793... | Energy production in Greece is dominated by the Public Power Corporation (known mostly by its acronym ΔΕΗ, or in English DEI). In 2009 DEI supplied for 85.6% of all energy demand in Greece, while the number fell to 77.3% in 2010. Almost half (48%) of DEI's power output is generated using lignite, a drop from the 51.6% ... | In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number... | In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number... | 16,000 | 91,914 |
5729e2316aef0514001550c4 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | What kind of forest is the Amazon rainforest? | {
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"moist broadleaf forest",
"moist broadleaf forest",
"tropical"
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} | What kind of forest is the [MASK] rainforest? | [
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0.03756961226463318... | From 1981 to 2010, the average annual precipitation measured at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport was 37.49 inches (952 mm). Annual precipitation has ranged from 23.78 in (604 mm) in 1952 to 55.14 in (1,401 mm) in 1950; for water year (October 1 – September 30) precipitation, the range is 23.16 in (588 mm) in 1976–7... | In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number... | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | moist broadleaf forest | 91,915 |
5729e2316aef0514001550c5 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many square kilometers is the Amazon Basin? | {
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} | How many square kilometers is [MASK]? | [
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5729e2316aef0514001550c6 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many nations are within the Amazon Basin? | {
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} | How many nations are within [MASK]? | [
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5729e2316aef0514001550c7 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | Which nation contains the majority of the amazon forest? | {
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} | Which nation contains the majority of the [MASK] forest? | [
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5729e2316aef0514001550c8 | Amazon_rainforest | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | What is the estimate for the amount of tree species in the amazon tropical rain forest? | {
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"16,000 species",
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} | What is the estimate for the amount of tree species in the [MASK] tropical rain forest? | [
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5725be0f271a42140099d117 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | Which type of climate may have allowed the rainforest to spread across the continent? | {
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"the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent.",
"wetter",
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} | Which type of climate may have allowed the rainforest to spread across the continent? | [
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5725be0f271a42140099d118 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | What has allowed for the Savanna region to expand into the tropics? | {
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"Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics.",
"Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years",
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} | What has allowed for the [MASK] region to expand into the tropics? | [
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5725be0f271a42140099d119 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | During what time did the rainforest spanned a narrow band? | {
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} | During what time did the rainforest spanned a narrow band? | [
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5725be0f271a42140099d11a | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | When did it retract to a inland formation? | {
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"It expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum.",
"Middle Miocene",
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} | When did it retract to a inland formation? | [
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5725be0f271a42140099d11b | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | Did the rainforest managed to thrive during the glacial periods? | {
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"still managed to thrive"
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} | Did the rainforest managed to thrive during the glacial periods? | [
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57283adcff5b5019007d9f94 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | What may have caused rainforests to grow across South America? | {
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"text": [
"the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate",
"extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate",
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} | What may have caused rainforests to grow across [MASK]? | [
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57283adcff5b5019007d9f95 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | How many degrees south did the Amazon rainforest reach from 66-34 Mya? | {
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"45",
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} | How many degrees south did the [MASK] rainforest reach from [MASK]? | [
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57283adcff5b5019007d9f96 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | What has caused savanna regions to grow into the South American tropics in the last 34 million years? | {
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"text": [
"Climate fluctuations",
"Climate fluctuations",
"Climate fluctuations"
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} | What has caused savanna regions to grow into the [MASK] tropics in [MASK]? | [
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57283adcff5b5019007d9f97 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | During which period in history was the Amazon rainforest a narrow band of forest? | {
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368,
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"Oligocene",
"Oligocene",
"Oligocene"
]
} | During which period in history was the [MASK] rainforest a narrow band of forest? | [
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57283adcff5b5019007d9f98 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | What did the Amazon rainforest do during the Middle Miocene? | {
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} | What did the [MASK] rainforest do during [MASK]? | [
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5729e500af94a219006aa6b5 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | What extinction event might have created some conditions allowing the expansion of the amazon rainforest? | {
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} | What extinction event might have created some conditions allowing the expansion of the [MASK] rainforest? | [
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5729e500af94a219006aa6b6 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | Beginning how many years ago did the amazon rainforest extend 45 degrees south? | {
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} | Beginning how many years ago did the [MASK] rainforest extend [MASK] south? | [
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5729e500af94a219006aa6b7 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | After the Oligocene period, under what period did the amazon rainforest begin to expand? | {
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} | After [MASK], under what period did the [MASK] rainforest begin to expand? | [
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5729e500af94a219006aa6b8 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | The amazon rainforest became a mostly inland forest around which global event? | {
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} | The [MASK] rainforest became a mostly inland forest around which global event? | [
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5729e500af94a219006aa6b9 | Amazon_rainforest | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | Savannah areas expanded over the last how many years? | {
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} | [MASK] areas expanded over [MASK]? | [
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5725c071271a42140099d127 | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | In which point did the drainage basin of the Amazon split? | {
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} | In which point did the drainage basin of the [MASK] split? | [
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5725c071271a42140099d128 | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | In which direction did the water on the eastern side flow? | {
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} | In which direction did the water on the eastern side flow? | [
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5725c071271a42140099d129 | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | What is the name of the basin that was created from a enclosed lake? | {
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"Solimões Basin",
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} | What is the name of the basin that was created from a enclosed lake? | [
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5725c071271a42140099d12a | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | How long ago was it when the water broke through the Purus Arch? | {
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} | How long ago was it when the water broke through [MASK]? | [
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5725c071271a42140099d12b | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | Where did it join in the direction of its flow? | {
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} | Where did it join in the direction of its flow? | [
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57283d173acd2414000df78f | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | When was the drainage basin of the Amazon believed to have split in the middle of South America? | {
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} | When was the drainage basin of the [MASK] believed to have split in the middle of [MASK]? | [
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57283d173acd2414000df790 | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | Where did water to the east of the Amazon drainage basin flow towards? | {
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} | Where did water to the east of the [MASK] drainage basin flow towards? | [
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57283d173acd2414000df791 | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | Where did water to the west of the Amazon drainage basin flow towards? | {
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} | Where did water to the west of the [MASK] drainage basin flow towards? | [
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57283d173acd2414000df792 | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | What did water that flowed towards the Pacific have to flow across during the mid-Eocene? | {
"answer_start": [
254,
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277
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"text": [
"Amazonas Basin",
"Amazonas Basin",
"Andes Mountains"
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} | What did water that flowed towards the [MASK] have to flow across during [MASK]? | [
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0.0480545051... | In 2013, Tom Ricketts and team president Crane Kenney unveiled plans for a five-year, $575 million privately funded renovation of Wrigley Field. Called the 1060 Project, the proposed plans included vast improvements to the stadium's facade, infrastructure, restrooms, concourses, suites, press box, bullpens, and clubhou... | Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding and sedimentation, e... | At the begin of the Holocene (~11,700 years ago), the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley. As a meandering river, it reworked its ice-age braidplain. As sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta began (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectoni... | Amazonas Basin | 91,943 |
57283d173acd2414000df793 | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | What basin was formed when the Andes Mountains rose? | {
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"text": [
"the Solimões Basin",
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} | What basin was formed when [MASK] rose? | [
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5729e6313f37b319004785a9 | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | During what period the drainage basin of the Amazon likely split? | {
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"the mid-Eocene",
"the mid-Eocene",
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} | During what period the drainage basin of the [MASK] likely split? | [
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5729e6313f37b319004785aa | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | Near where in the continent is it believed that the Amazon basin split? | {
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} | Near where in the continent is it believed that the [MASK] basin split? | [
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5729e6313f37b319004785ab | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | Where did water on the eastern side of the amazon basin travel after the split? | {
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"the Atlantic",
"the Atlantic",
"Atlantic"
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} | Where did water on the eastern side of [MASK] travel after the split? | [
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5729e6313f37b319004785ac | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | Where did the water in the Amazon Basin flow towards when moving west? | {
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"the Pacific",
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} | Where did the water in [MASK] flow towards when moving west? | [
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5729e6313f37b319004785ad | Amazon_rainforest | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | What is the lake known as which was created by the rise of the Andes Mountains? | {
"answer_start": [
373,
373,
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],
"text": [
"Solimões Basin",
"Solimões Basin",
"Solimões Basin"
]
} | What is the lake known as which was created by the rise of [MASK]? | [
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0.44... | Arts & Sciences at Washington University comprises three divisions: the College of Arts & Sciences, the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, and University College in Arts & Sciences. Barbara Schaal is Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Sciences. James E. McLeod was the Vice Chancellor for Students and Dean of the College of... | Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding and sedimentation, e... | The dictatorship of Franco forbade political parties and began a harsh ideological and cultural repression countenanced and sometimes even led by the Church. The financial markets were destabilised, causing a severe economic crisis that led to rationing. A black market in rationed goods existed for over a decade. The F... | Solimões Basin | 91,949 |
5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | What does LGM stands for? | {
"answer_start": [
130,
130,
130
],
"text": [
"Last Glacial Maximum",
"Last Glacial Maximum",
"Last Glacial Maximum"
]
} | What does [MASK] stands for? | [
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5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | What did the analysis from the sediment deposits indicate? | {
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"text": [
"rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present",
"rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present",
"rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower"
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} | What did the analysis from the sediment deposits indicate? | [
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0.27071389... | England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain. The national team is one of eight national teams to have won at least one FIFA World Cup title. The England team won their first and only World C... | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if th... | The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests. Using handheld GPS devices and programs like Google Earth, members of the Trio Tribe, who live in the rainforests of southern Suriname, map out t... | rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present | 91,951 |
5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | What are some of scientists arguments? | {
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"text": [
"the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland",
"the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland",
"rainforest was reduced"
]
} | What are some of scientists arguments? | [
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5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | How has this debate been proven? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"This debate has proved difficult",
"difficult to resolve"
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} | How has this debate been proven? | [
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5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | How are the explanations supported? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"explanations are reasonably well supported",
"by the available data",
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} | How are the explanations supported? | [
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572841772ca10214002da1a6 | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | There have been major changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last how many years? | {
"answer_start": [
105,
105,
105
],
"text": [
"21,000",
"21,000",
"21,000"
]
} | There have been major changes in [MASK] rainforest vegetation over [MASK]? | [
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0.0763476863503... | Beer is the world's most widely consumed and likely the oldest alcoholic beverage; it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea. The production of beer is called brewing, which involves the fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize ... | A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if th... | As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use. | 21,000 | 91,955 |
572841772ca10214002da1a7 | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | What caused changes in the Amazon rainforest vegetation? | {
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],
"text": [
"the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation",
"rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present",
"rainfall"
]
} | What caused changes in the [MASK] rainforest vegetation? | [
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572841772ca10214002da1a8 | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | What has been analyzed to compare Amazon rainfall in the past and present? | {
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572841772ca10214002da1a9 | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | What has the lower rainfall in the Amazon during the LGM been attributed to? | {
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572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779 | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | Many changes in the vegetation of the amazon rainforest took place since the Last Glacial Maximum, which was how many years ago? | {
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572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | Analysis of what kind of deposits from the Amazon Fan indicates a change in rainfall in the Amazon basin? | {
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572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | Changes in rainfall reduced what kind of vegetation cover in the Amazon basin? | {
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} | Changes in rainfall reduced what kind of vegetation cover in the [MASK] basin? | [
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572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | Scientists disagree with how the Amazon rainforest changed over time with some arguing that it was reduced to isolated refugia seperated by what? | {
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572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d | Amazon_rainforest | There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | Why is it difficult to resolve disagreements about the changes in the Amazon rainforest? | {
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"data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin",
"practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin",
"practical limitations of working in the rainf... | Why is it difficult to resolve disagreements about the changes in the [MASK] rainforest? | [
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5725c63438643c19005acc9f | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | What is the name of the satellite that measured the amount of dust? | {
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5725c63438643c19005acca0 | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How many tons of dust are blown from the Sahara each year? | {
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} | How many tons of dust are blown from the [MASK] each year? | [
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5725c63438643c19005acca1 | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How many miles does the dust travels over the Atlantic Ocean? | {
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5725c63438643c19005acca2 | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | Which basin does the dust falls over into? | {
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5725c63438643c19005acca3 | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How many tons of dust remains in the air? | {
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} | How many tons of dust remains in the air? | [
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5728455bff5b5019007da078 | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | What tool has measured the amount of dust that travels from the Sahara to the Amazon? | {
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5728455bff5b5019007da079 | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How much dust is blown out of the Sahara each year? | {
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} | How much dust is blown out of the [MASK] each year? | [
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5728455bff5b5019007da07a | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How much Saharan dust falls over the Amazon basin each year? | {
"answer_start": [
381,
381,
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"text": [
"27.7 million tons",
"27.7 million tons",
"27.7 million tons"
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} | How much [MASK] dust falls over the [MASK] basin [MASK]? | [
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5728455bff5b5019007da07b | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How much Saharan dust remains in the air over the Amazon each year? | {
"answer_start": [
441,
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"text": [
"132 million tons",
"132 million tons",
"132 million tons"
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} | How much [MASK] dust remains in the air over the [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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5728455bff5b5019007da07c | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How much Saharan dust is blown and falls upon the Caribbean Sea each year? | {
"answer_start": [
485,
485,
485
],
"text": [
"43 million tons",
"43 million tons",
"43 million tons"
]
} | How much [MASK] dust is blown and falls upon [MASK] each year? | [
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5729ea263f37b319004785bd | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | A satellite that measured the amount of dust going to the Amazon was named what? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"CALIPSO",
"CALIPSO",
"CALIPSO"
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} | A satellite that measured the amount of dust going to the [MASK] was named what? | [
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5729ea263f37b319004785be | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | What organization runs the satellite that measured dust that landed on the Amazon? | {
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} | What organization runs the satellite that measured dust that landed on the [MASK]? | [
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5729ea263f37b319004785bf | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How much windblown dust leaves the Sahara each year? | {
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119,
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"182 million tons",
"182 million tons",
"182 million tons"
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} | How much windblown dust leaves the [MASK] each year? | [
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5729ea263f37b319004785c0 | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How many miles across the Atlantic Ocean does Saharan dust travel? | {
"answer_start": [
224,
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"text": [
"1,600 miles",
"1,600",
"1,600"
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} | How many miles across [MASK] does [MASK] dust travel? | [
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5729ea263f37b319004785c1 | Amazon_rainforest | NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How many tons of Saharan dust falls on the Amazon Basin each year? | {
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381,
381,
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],
"text": [
"27.7 million tons",
"27.7 million",
"27.7 million tons"
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} | How many tons of [MASK] dust falls on [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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0.4583188891410... | As of the census of 2010, there were 520,116 people, 229,762 households, and 112,455 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,500.1 inhabitants per square mile (965.3/km²). There were 209,609 housing units at an average density of 1,076.7 per square mile (415.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was... | The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south. Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average 100 to 200 mm (3.9 to 7.9 in) but vary grea... | The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the equatorial low a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and the southern Sahara. The Sahara doesn't lack precipitation because of a lack of moisture, but due to the lack of a precipitat... | 27.7 million tons | 91,978 |
5725c95f38643c19005accf3 | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | What is the name of the book written by Archeologist Betty Meggers? | {
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"text": [
"Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise",
"Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise",
"Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise."
]
} | What is the name of the book written by Archeologist [MASK]? | [
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5725c95f38643c19005accf4 | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | What is the maximum square miles did Betty Meggers claim that can be sustained in the rainforest? | {
"answer_start": [
409,
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"text": [
"0.52/sq mi",
"0.52",
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} | What is [MASK] did [MASK] claim that can be sustained in the rainforest? | [
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5725c95f38643c19005accf5 | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | What would be needed to host a larger population? | {
"answer_start": [
498,
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"text": [
"agriculture",
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
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} | What would be needed to host a larger population? | [
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5725c95f38643c19005accf6 | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | Which findings suggested that the region was densely populated? | {
"answer_start": [
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"recent anthropological"
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} | Which findings suggested that the region was densely populated? | [
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5725c95f38643c19005accf7 | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | How many people may have lived in the Amazon region during AD 1500? | {
"answer_start": [
655,
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"text": [
"5 million",
"5 million",
"5 million"
]
} | How many people may have lived in the [MASK] region during [MASK]? | [
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572847dd4b864d19001648bc | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | What feature of the Amazon made people believe it couldn't have many inhabitants? | {
"answer_start": [
170,
174,
174
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"text": [
"the poor soil",
"poor soil",
"poor soil."
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} | What feature of the [MASK] made people believe it could n't have many inhabitants? | [
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572847dd4b864d19001648bd | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | What well-known archeologist believed the Amazon didn't have many inhabitants? | {
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572847dd4b864d19001648be | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | How many inhabitants did Betty Meggers believe could occupy each square kilometre of the Amazon? | {
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} | How many inhabitants did [MASK] believe could occupy [MASK] of the [MASK]? | [
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572847dd4b864d19001648bf | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | In what book did Betty Meggers describe the idea of the Amazon being sparsely populated? | {
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"Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise",
"Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise",
"Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise"
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} | In what book did [MASK] describe the idea of the [MASK] being sparsely populated? | [
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5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9 | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | Which archaeologist proposed the idea that the Amazon rainforest couldn't sustain large populations? | {
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"Betty Meggers",
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} | Which archaeologist proposed the idea that the [MASK] rainforest could n't sustain large populations? | [
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5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | Which book discussed the theory about low populations in the Amazon rainforest? | {
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"Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise",
"Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise",
"Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise"
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} | Which book discussed the theory about low populations in the [MASK] rainforest? | [
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5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | What was the theorized maximum population density per square kilometre for the Amazon rainforest? | {
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"0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre",
"0.2 inhabitants",
"0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre"
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} | What was the theorized maximum population density per square kilometre for the [MASK] rainforest? | [
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5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | In 1500 AD how many people were believed to have lived in the Amazon region? | {
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"5 million people",
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"Some 5 million"
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} | In [MASK] how many people were believed to have lived in the [MASK] region? | [
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0.07880669832... | In an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No. 02 C 3293, 65 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 673 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 15, 2004), a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, perhaps for the first time. Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and Ech... | From 1950 to 2011, world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion and is forecast to reach a plateau of more than 9 billion during the 21st century. Sir David King, former chief scientific adviser to the UK government, told a parliamentary inquiry: "It is self-evident that the massive growth in the human popu... | In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps. | 5 million people | 91,991 |
5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd | Amazon_rainforest | For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | In the 1980s what was the population of the amazon region? | {
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"less than 200,000",
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} | In [MASK] what was the population of [MASK]? | [
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5725cbb289a1e219009abed2 | Amazon_rainforest | The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 154... | Who was the first European to travel the Amazon River? | {
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"Francisco de Orellana",
"Francisco de Orellana",
"Francisco de Orellana"
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} | Who was the [MASK] [MASK] to travel [MASK]? | [
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5725cbb289a1e219009abed3 | Amazon_rainforest | The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 154... | During what time did civilization in the Amazon was flourishing when Orellana made his observations? | {
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} | During what time did civilization in the [MASK] was flourishing when [MASK] made his observations? | [
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5725cbb289a1e219009abed4 | Amazon_rainforest | The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 154... | What was believed to be the cause of devastation to the civilization? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"diseases from Europe",
"the spread of diseases from Europe",
"spread of diseases from Europe"
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} | What was believed to be the cause of devastation to the civilization? | [
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5725cbb289a1e219009abed5 | Amazon_rainforest | The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 154... | How long since it's been that geoglyphs were first discovered on deforested land? | {
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"Since the 1970s",
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} | How long since it's been that geoglyphs were first discovered on deforested land? | [
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5725cbb289a1e219009abed6 | Amazon_rainforest | The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 154... | What time period did the geoglyphs date back to? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"AD 0–1250",
"between AD 0–1250",
"AD 0–1250"
]
} | What time period did the geoglyphs date back to? | [
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5729edd56aef051400155112 | Amazon_rainforest | The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 154... | Who was the first European to travel the entire length of the Amazon River? | {
"answer_start": [
64,
64,
64
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"text": [
"Francisco de Orellana",
"Francisco de Orellana",
"Francisco de Orellana"
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} | Who was the [MASK] [MASK] to travel the entire length of [MASK]? | [
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-0.2066237479448... | Contemporaneously with the rise of analytic ethics in Anglo-American thought, in Europe several new lines of philosophy directed at critique of existing societies arose between the 1950s and 1980s. Most of these took elements of Marxist economic analysis, but combined them with a more cultural or ideological emphasis. ... | During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of t... | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century – particularly under Henry the Navigator – gradual... | Francisco de Orellana | 91,998 |
5729edd56aef051400155113 | Amazon_rainforest | The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 154... | In what year did the first European travel the entire length of the Amazon River? | {
"answer_start": [
89,
89,
89
],
"text": [
"1542",
"1542",
"1542"
]
} | In what year did the [MASK] [MASK] travel the entire length of [MASK]? | [
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5729edd56aef051400155114 | Amazon_rainforest | The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 154... | Geoglyphs dating to what period were found in deforested land along the Amazon River? | {
"answer_start": [
530,
522,
530
],
"text": [
"AD 0–1250",
"between AD 0–1250",
"AD 0–1250"
]
} | Geoglyphs dating to what period were found in deforested land along [MASK]? | [
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0.0501690842... | Apicoplasts have lost all photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids. They are bounded by four membranes, but the membranes are not connected to the endoplasmic reticulum. The fact that apicomplexans still keep their nonphotosynthetic chloroplast around demonstrates how the chlor... | During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of t... | The needs of soy farmers have been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon. The first two highways successfully opened up the rainforest and led to increased settlement and deforestation. The mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005 (22,392 k... | AD 0–1250 | 92,000 |
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