id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 4.06k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | masked_query stringlengths 1 25.7k | query_embedding list | random_answer stringlengths 151 4.06k | similar_answer stringlengths 152 4.06k | similar_answer_v2 stringlengths 151 4.06k ⌀ | answer stringlengths 1 239 | __index_level_0__ int64 0 98.2k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5728705c2ca10214002da35e | Yuan_dynasty | When Yesün Temür died in Shangdu in 1328, Tugh Temür was recalled to Khanbaliq by the Qipchaq commander El Temür. He was installed as the emperor (Emperor Wenzong) in Khanbaliq, while Yesün Temür's son Ragibagh succeeded to the throne in Shangdu with the support of Yesün Temür's favorite retainer Dawlat Shah. Gaining s... | Who took the throne after Kusala's death? | {
"answer_start": [
809,
809,
743
],
"text": [
"Tugh Temür",
"Tugh Temür",
"Tugh Temür"
]
} | Who took the throne after [MASK] 's death? | [
-0.13319529592990875,
-0.15805009007453918,
0.04144518822431564,
0.3143731653690338,
-0.015525276772677898,
-0.039454296231269836,
-0.010368104092776775,
-0.2716436982154846,
-0.3338601887226105,
0.13581180572509766,
-0.3497749865055084,
-0.028817009180784225,
0.017748916521668434,
0.02902... | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, ... | Most historians[who?] consider Caliph Muawiyah (661–80) to have been the second ruler of the Umayyad dynasty, even though he was the first to assert the Umayyads' right to rule on a dynastic principle. It was really the caliphate of Uthman Ibn Affan (644–656), a member of Umayyad clan himself, that witnessed the reviva... | Tugh Temür | 95,810 |
5728710c3acd2414000df9ef | Yuan_dynasty | Due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temür, Tugh Temür is known for his cultural contribution instead. He adopted many measures honoring Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values. His most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning was founding the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of ... | What was Tugh Temur known for? | {
"answer_start": [
88,
88,
88
],
"text": [
"his cultural contribution",
"his cultural contribution",
"his cultural contribution"
]
} | What was [MASK] known for? | [
0.24089103937149048,
0.004825658164918423,
-0.4130919277667999,
0.3006367087364197,
0.06838731467723846,
-0.169020414352417,
0.11295820027589798,
-0.07684434950351715,
-0.2345171719789505,
0.4808695912361145,
0.09832621365785599,
0.18665337562561035,
-0.12174910306930542,
0.065064080059528... | Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually includin... | The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most p... | Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266. In 1271, Kublai formally claimed the Mandate of Heaven and declared that 1272 was the first year of the Great Yuan (Chinese: 大元) in... | his cultural contribution | 95,811 |
5728710c3acd2414000df9f0 | Yuan_dynasty | Due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temür, Tugh Temür is known for his cultural contribution instead. He adopted many measures honoring Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values. His most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning was founding the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of ... | What academy did Tugh Temur found? | {
"answer_start": [
281,
281,
281
],
"text": [
"Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature",
"Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature",
"Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature"
]
} | What academy did [MASK] found? | [
0.27206820249557495,
0.09064777195453644,
-0.14094369113445282,
0.36308228969573975,
0.3368401825428009,
-0.3095282018184662,
0.10884563624858856,
0.012509748339653015,
-0.06679326295852661,
-0.01000535674393177,
-0.23356464505195618,
0.034078244119882584,
0.06962267309427261,
-0.020697964... | In 2008, the High Court in South Africa ruled that Chinese South Africans who were residents during the apartheid era (and their descendants) are to be reclassified as "Black people," solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits, because they were also "disadvantaged" by racial discrimination. Chine... | The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most p... | Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited ... | Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature | 95,812 |
5728710c3acd2414000df9f1 | Yuan_dynasty | Due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temür, Tugh Temür is known for his cultural contribution instead. He adopted many measures honoring Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values. His most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning was founding the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of ... | When did Tugh Temur found his academy? | {
"answer_start": [
375,
385,
371
],
"text": [
"spring of 1329",
"1329",
"the spring of 1329"
]
} | When did [MASK] found his academy? | [
0.22217124700546265,
0.12260095775127411,
-0.04063824936747551,
0.2673599123954773,
0.2569427788257599,
0.0028282185085117817,
0.1557278037071228,
-0.10882273316383362,
-0.0905863344669342,
-0.050562597811222076,
-0.12948906421661377,
-0.00862685963511467,
0.16089795529842377,
-0.065591655... | In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor, John Winthrop, led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school was founded in Boston in 1635. Over the next 130 years, the city... | The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most p... | When Yesün Temür died in Shangdu in 1328, Tugh Temür was recalled to Khanbaliq by the Qipchaq commander El Temür. He was installed as the emperor (Emperor Wenzong) in Khanbaliq, while Yesün Temür's son Ragibagh succeeded to the throne in Shangdu with the support of Yesün Temür's favorite retainer Dawlat Shah. Gaining s... | spring of 1329 | 95,813 |
5728710c3acd2414000df9f2 | Yuan_dynasty | Due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temür, Tugh Temür is known for his cultural contribution instead. He adopted many measures honoring Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values. His most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning was founding the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of ... | What was the most notable publication of Tugh's academy? | {
"answer_start": [
704,
704,
704
],
"text": [
"Jingshi Dadian",
"Jingshi Dadian",
"Jingshi Dadian"
]
} | What was the most notable publication of [MASK] academy? | [
0.1528564840555191,
0.12703751027584076,
-0.32651934027671814,
-0.057303156703710556,
-0.16031190752983093,
-0.023294243961572647,
-0.027475619688630104,
-0.17491713166236877,
-0.2971908748149872,
0.13893583416938782,
-0.11194545030593872,
0.16165485978126526,
-0.015034222044050694,
-0.083... | The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the Oklahoma River inside city limits). The North Canadian once had sufficient flow to flood every year, wreaking destruction on surrounding areas, including the central business district and the original Oklahoma City Zoo. In the 1940s, a dam w... | The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most p... | Kublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Van Praag writes that this conquest "marked the end of independent China," whi... | Jingshi Dadian | 95,814 |
5728710c3acd2414000df9f3 | Yuan_dynasty | Due to the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Temür, Tugh Temür is known for his cultural contribution instead. He adopted many measures honoring Confucianism and promoting Chinese cultural values. His most concrete effort to patronize Chinese learning was founding the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of ... | What religions did Tugh Temur follow? | {
"answer_start": [
747,
811,
766
],
"text": [
"supported Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism and also devoted himself in Buddhism",
"Buddhism",
"Neo-Confucianism and also devoted himself in Buddhism"
]
} | What religions did [MASK] follow? | [
0.4079650044441223,
0.3034869134426117,
-0.13167360424995422,
-0.015840306878089905,
-0.04876747727394104,
0.12966306507587433,
0.5200035572052002,
0.267986923456192,
-0.17002403736114502,
-0.02461218275129795,
0.016673417761921883,
0.016900939866900444,
-0.23479242622852325,
-0.0554113648... | West's fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak (2008), marked an even more radical departure from his previous releases, largely abandoning rap and hip hop stylings in favor of a stark electropop sound composed of virtual synthesis, the Roland TR-808 drum machine, and explicitly auto-tuned vocal tracks. Drawing inspirat... | The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most p... | Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; ... | supported Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism and also devoted himself in Buddhism | 95,815 |
572871bd3acd2414000dfa03 | Yuan_dynasty | After the death of Tugh Temür in 1332 and subsequent death of Rinchinbal (Emperor Ningzong) the same year, the 13-year-old Toghun Temür (Emperor Huizong), the last of the nine successors of Kublai Khan, was summoned back from Guangxi and succeeded to the throne. After El Temür's death, Bayan became as powerful an offic... | When did Tugh Temur die? | {
"answer_start": [
33,
33,
33
],
"text": [
"1332",
"1332",
"1332"
]
} | When did [MASK] die? | [
0.06417364627122879,
0.08085041493177414,
-0.1327695995569229,
0.08700866252183914,
0.07467421144247055,
0.20603527128696442,
0.1784200817346573,
-0.050077326595783234,
-0.07547913491725922,
0.15900878608226776,
-0.16103984415531158,
-0.04881667718291283,
-0.010109922848641872,
0.187858656... | AFSCs range from officer specialties such as pilot, combat systems officer, missile launch officer, intelligence officer, aircraft maintenance officer, judge advocate general (JAG), medical doctor, nurse or other fields, to various enlisted specialties. The latter range from flight combat operations such as a gunner, t... | First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. ... | Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643 without a designated heir. As the Jurchens had traditionally "elected" their leader through a council of nobles, the Qing state did not have in place a clear succession system until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. The leading contenders for power at this time were Hong Taiji'... | 1332 | 95,816 |
572871bd3acd2414000dfa04 | Yuan_dynasty | After the death of Tugh Temür in 1332 and subsequent death of Rinchinbal (Emperor Ningzong) the same year, the 13-year-old Toghun Temür (Emperor Huizong), the last of the nine successors of Kublai Khan, was summoned back from Guangxi and succeeded to the throne. After El Temür's death, Bayan became as powerful an offic... | What Chinese-style name did Rinchinbal use? | {
"answer_start": [
74,
74,
74
],
"text": [
"Emperor Ningzong",
"Emperor Ningzong",
"Emperor Ningzong"
]
} | What [MASK]- style name did [MASK] use? | [
0.16866575181484222,
0.26544758677482605,
-0.19313235580921173,
-0.0313786156475544,
-0.05277662351727486,
0.19186316430568695,
0.08966243267059326,
0.07209558039903641,
-0.14400440454483032,
0.23578161001205444,
-0.25268810987472534,
-0.06595128774642944,
-0.14541463553905487,
0.229305610... | Prior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis, ... | First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. ... | Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited ... | Emperor Ningzong | 95,817 |
572871bd3acd2414000dfa05 | Yuan_dynasty | After the death of Tugh Temür in 1332 and subsequent death of Rinchinbal (Emperor Ningzong) the same year, the 13-year-old Toghun Temür (Emperor Huizong), the last of the nine successors of Kublai Khan, was summoned back from Guangxi and succeeded to the throne. After El Temür's death, Bayan became as powerful an offic... | How old was Toghun Temur when he became emperor? | {
"answer_start": [
111,
111,
111
],
"text": [
"13",
"13",
"13"
]
} | How old was [MASK] when he became emperor? | [
-0.21781346201896667,
0.20849469304084778,
-0.1016772985458374,
0.2388937622308731,
0.08770795166492462,
0.1770060956478119,
-0.12028668820858002,
-0.10157065093517303,
-0.27785056829452515,
0.0905761867761612,
0.12897427380084991,
-0.13704565167427063,
0.012194729410111904,
0.006551425904... | A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatisation. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving... | First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. ... | As previously arranged by his father, Temüjin married Börte of the Onggirat tribe when he was around 16 in order to cement alliances between their respective tribes. Soon after Börte's marriage to Temüjin, she was kidnapped by the Merkits and reportedly given away as a wife. Temüjin rescued her with the help of his fri... | 13 | 95,818 |
572871bd3acd2414000dfa06 | Yuan_dynasty | After the death of Tugh Temür in 1332 and subsequent death of Rinchinbal (Emperor Ningzong) the same year, the 13-year-old Toghun Temür (Emperor Huizong), the last of the nine successors of Kublai Khan, was summoned back from Guangxi and succeeded to the throne. After El Temür's death, Bayan became as powerful an offic... | How many successors of Kublai was Toghun the last of? | {
"answer_start": [
171,
171,
171
],
"text": [
"nine",
"nine",
"nine"
]
} | How many successors of [MASK] was [MASK] the last of? | [
0.2139165997505188,
0.12214536219835281,
0.008919361047446728,
0.18194986879825592,
0.007191910874098539,
0.05850549787282944,
0.02487349510192871,
-0.2046634703874588,
-0.1977868229150772,
-0.17339564859867096,
-0.28886541724205017,
0.028692033141851425,
-0.19983412325382233,
0.2379570305... | A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. Various hypotheses have been promoted. The nickname may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besançon Hugues (died 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism in his time, using a clever derogatory pun on the name... | First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. ... | Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266. In 1271, Kublai formally claimed the Mandate of Heaven and declared that 1272 was the first year of the Great Yuan (Chinese: 大元) in... | nine | 95,819 |
572871bd3acd2414000dfa07 | Yuan_dynasty | After the death of Tugh Temür in 1332 and subsequent death of Rinchinbal (Emperor Ningzong) the same year, the 13-year-old Toghun Temür (Emperor Huizong), the last of the nine successors of Kublai Khan, was summoned back from Guangxi and succeeded to the throne. After El Temür's death, Bayan became as powerful an offic... | Which dynasties' histories were officially documented during Toghun's reign? | {
"answer_start": [
872,
872,
868
],
"text": [
"Liao, Jin, and Song",
"Liao, Jin, and Song",
"the Liao, Jin, and Song"
]
} | Which dynasties ' histories were officially documented during [MASK] 's reign? | [
-0.05301423370838165,
0.2018762081861496,
-0.21156857907772064,
0.17127357423305511,
0.13444265723228455,
0.05355316400527954,
0.06992198526859283,
0.10480961203575134,
-0.34901005029678345,
0.20554132759571075,
-0.09106834977865219,
-0.050052378326654434,
0.13161902129650116,
0.0027079191... | A method to lessen the magnitude of this heating and cooling was invented in 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf, who patented his Woolf high-pressure compound engine in 1805. In the compound engine, high-pressure steam from the boiler expands in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder and then enters one or more subsequent lo... | First, the Manchus had entered "China proper" because Dorgon responded decisively to Wu Sangui's appeal. Then, after capturing Beijing, instead of sacking the city as the rebels had done, Dorgon insisted, over the protests of other Manchu princes, on making it the dynastic capital and reappointing most Ming officials. ... | Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266. In 1271, Kublai formally claimed the Mandate of Heaven and declared that 1272 was the first year of the Great Yuan (Chinese: 大元) in... | Liao, Jin, and Song | 95,820 |
572872822ca10214002da374 | Yuan_dynasty | The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they lost influence in China as well. The reigns... | What problems did the Yuan dynasty have near its end? | {
"answer_start": [
51,
51,
51
],
"text": [
"struggle, famine, and bitterness",
"struggle, famine, and bitterness",
"struggle, famine, and bitterness"
]
} | What problems did [MASK] have near its end? | [
-0.05179382488131523,
-0.10533749312162399,
0.15203501284122467,
0.3806995153427124,
0.031662389636039734,
0.09505899995565414,
0.04955936595797539,
-0.03069322183728218,
-0.003110828110948205,
0.10723073035478592,
0.02726450376212597,
0.05201832950115204,
0.11963414400815964,
0.1287007182... | During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed. Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn... | The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty. It was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke Khan after the division of the Mongol Empire. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song dynasty and preceding th... | The Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was founded after the fall of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus. The Manchus were formerly known as the Jurchens. When Beijing was captured by Li Zicheng's peasant rebels in 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor, the last Ming emperor, committed suicide. The Manchus then allied w... | struggle, famine, and bitterness | 95,821 |
572872822ca10214002da375 | Yuan_dynasty | The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they lost influence in China as well. The reigns... | Why did Kublai's successors lose control of the rest of the Mongol empire? | {
"answer_start": [
202,
236
],
"text": [
"Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese",
"saw them as too Chinese"
]
} | Why did [MASK] 's successors lose control of the rest of the [MASK] empire? | [
-0.24830420315265656,
0.08271646499633789,
-0.18982668220996857,
0.3707498610019684,
0.017942460253834724,
-0.052257224917411804,
0.040656283497810364,
0.04839552938938141,
-0.19286715984344482,
0.09959980845451355,
-0.2794736921787262,
-0.19532421231269836,
-0.1290234476327896,
0.26411825... | Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time. The State Security Administration (Uprava državne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a se... | The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty. It was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke Khan after the division of the Mongol Empire. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song dynasty and preceding th... | In 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongo... | Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese | 95,822 |
572872822ca10214002da376 | Yuan_dynasty | The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they lost influence in China as well. The reigns... | Who were later Yuan emperors isolated from? | {
"answer_start": [
455,
464,
460
],
"text": [
"both the army and the populace",
"army and the populace",
"the army and the populace"
]
} | Who were later [MASK] emperors isolated from? | [
-0.13635917007923126,
-0.028982672840356827,
-0.09492536634206772,
0.21103574335575104,
-0.04146065190434456,
0.02069907635450363,
-0.0836973637342453,
-0.21033068001270294,
-0.34336110949516296,
-0.10983544588088989,
-0.4787716269493103,
-0.10070662200450897,
-0.23001669347286224,
-0.3688... | The Appalachian belt includes, with the ranges enumerated above, the plateaus sloping southward to the Atlantic Ocean in New England, and south-eastward to the border of the coastal plain through the central and southern Atlantic states; and on the north-west, the Allegheny and Cumberland plateaus declining toward the ... | The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty. It was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke Khan after the division of the Mongol Empire. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song dynasty and preceding th... | The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan (Ayurbarwada), was a competent emperor. He was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture after the reign of Kublai, to the discontent of some Mongol elite. He had been mentored by Li Meng, a Confucian academic. He made many reforms, including t... | both the army and the populace | 95,823 |
572872822ca10214002da377 | Yuan_dynasty | The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they lost influence in China as well. The reigns... | What were the Yuan armies too weak to stop? | {
"answer_start": [
532,
532,
532
],
"text": [
"Outlaws ravaged the country",
"Outlaws",
"Outlaws"
]
} | What were the [MASK] armies too weak to stop? | [
-0.02689991518855095,
0.08154059201478958,
-0.08482002466917038,
0.4871702790260315,
-0.1702420860528946,
0.342335969209671,
0.21712633967399597,
-0.043938785791397095,
-0.22819526493549347,
-0.1376841813325882,
-0.16262926161289215,
-0.014221513643860817,
-0.2322695553302765,
-0.033056668... | Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F)... | The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty. It was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke Khan after the division of the Mongol Empire. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song dynasty and preceding th... | The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions. Responding to these civil failures and discontent, the Qing Imperial Court did attempt to reform the government in various ways, such as the decision to draft a constitution in 1906, the establishment of provincial legislatures in 1909... | Outlaws ravaged the country | 95,824 |
572872822ca10214002da378 | Yuan_dynasty | The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they lost influence in China as well. The reigns... | What were later Yuan emperors disinterested in? | {
"answer_start": [
414,
414,
414
],
"text": [
"administration",
"administration",
"administration"
]
} | What were later [MASK] emperors disinterested in? | [
-0.0697426050901413,
0.12278131395578384,
-0.15943819284439087,
0.2109297811985016,
-0.3558378517627716,
0.134134441614151,
0.04919108375906944,
0.028212349861860275,
-0.11439171433448792,
-0.06472942978143692,
-0.47980833053588867,
0.11464522778987885,
-0.27835848927497864,
-0.09194295108... | On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, a... | The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty. It was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke Khan after the division of the Mongol Empire. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song dynasty and preceding th... | Faced with the stripping of their powers, Wu Sangui, later joined by Geng Zhongming and by Shang Kexi's son Shang Zhixin, felt they had no choice but to revolt. The ensuing Revolt of the Three Feudatories lasted for eight years. Wu attempted, ultimately in vain, to fire the embers of south China Ming loyalty by restori... | administration | 95,825 |
57287338ff5b5019007da232 | Yuan_dynasty | From the late 1340s onwards, people in the countryside suffered from frequent natural disasters such as droughts, floods and the resulting famines, and the government's lack of effective policy led to a loss of popular support. In 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion started and grew into a nationwide uprising. In 1354, when... | When did the Yuan people suffer a series of natural disasters? | {
"answer_start": [
0,
14,
5
],
"text": [
"From the late 1340s onwards",
"1340s onwards",
"the late 1340s"
]
} | When did the [MASK] people suffer a series of natural disasters? | [
0.14826153218746185,
-0.03619316965341568,
-0.21748438477516174,
-0.022699516266584396,
-0.03583352267742157,
0.2139177769422531,
0.5721235275268555,
-0.07110123336315155,
-0.279548317193985,
0.07393358647823334,
-0.23875027894973755,
0.046404868364334106,
-0.3253633677959442,
0.1432329416... | A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai could divorce for pe... | During the turbulent reign of Wang Mang, Han lost control over the Tarim Basin, which was conquered by the Northern Xiongnu in AD 63 and used as a base to invade Han's Hexi Corridor in Gansu. Dou Gu (d. 88 AD) defeated the Northern Xiongnu at the Battle of Yiwulu in AD 73, evicting them from Turpan and chasing them as ... | Early during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperation the Qing court ord... | From the late 1340s onwards | 95,826 |
57287338ff5b5019007da233 | Yuan_dynasty | From the late 1340s onwards, people in the countryside suffered from frequent natural disasters such as droughts, floods and the resulting famines, and the government's lack of effective policy led to a loss of popular support. In 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion started and grew into a nationwide uprising. In 1354, when... | What uprising began in 1351? | {
"answer_start": [
237,
241,
241
],
"text": [
"the Red Turban Rebellion",
"Red Turban Rebellion",
"Red Turban Rebellion"
]
} | What uprising began in [MASK]? | [
0.08901583403348923,
-0.34982308745384216,
-0.09844908118247986,
0.12475545704364777,
-0.24805933237075806,
0.15719185769557953,
0.08654996752738953,
-0.06974374502897263,
-0.21815772354602814,
-0.10001418739557266,
-0.04586225748062134,
0.01822751760482788,
-0.05795425549149513,
0.3046741... | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | During the turbulent reign of Wang Mang, Han lost control over the Tarim Basin, which was conquered by the Northern Xiongnu in AD 63 and used as a base to invade Han's Hexi Corridor in Gansu. Dou Gu (d. 88 AD) defeated the Northern Xiongnu at the Battle of Yiwulu in AD 73, evicting them from Turpan and chasing them as ... | In 1565, the powerful Rinbung princes were overthrown by one of their own ministers, Karma Tseten who styled himself as the Tsangpa, "the one of Tsang", and established his base of power at Shigatse. The second successor of this first Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal, took control of the whole of Central Tibet (Ü-Tsa... | the Red Turban Rebellion | 95,827 |
57287338ff5b5019007da234 | Yuan_dynasty | From the late 1340s onwards, people in the countryside suffered from frequent natural disasters such as droughts, floods and the resulting famines, and the government's lack of effective policy led to a loss of popular support. In 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion started and grew into a nationwide uprising. In 1354, when... | Why did Toghun Temur dismiss Toghtogha? | {
"answer_start": [
420,
420,
420
],
"text": [
"fear of betrayal",
"fear of betrayal",
"fear of betrayal"
]
} | Why did [MASK] dismiss [MASK]? | [
-0.08335214108228683,
0.2739085555076599,
-0.17505164444446564,
0.24410666525363922,
-0.02802666649222374,
-0.07575768232345581,
0.1063665896654129,
-0.20466376841068268,
-0.03011561930179596,
0.07733362168073654,
-0.14269843697547913,
0.014496454037725925,
-0.12035269290208817,
0.27323988... | In March 2008, it was announced that Avicenna's name would be used for new Directories of education institutions for health care professionals, worldwide. The Avicenna Directories will list universities and schools where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated. The project team stated... | During the turbulent reign of Wang Mang, Han lost control over the Tarim Basin, which was conquered by the Northern Xiongnu in AD 63 and used as a base to invade Han's Hexi Corridor in Gansu. Dou Gu (d. 88 AD) defeated the Northern Xiongnu at the Battle of Yiwulu in AD 73, evicting them from Turpan and chasing them as ... | This was followed by the creation of the first two Han Banners in 1637 (increasing to eight in 1642). Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou. This final victory resulted in the surrender o... | fear of betrayal | 95,828 |
57287338ff5b5019007da235 | Yuan_dynasty | From the late 1340s onwards, people in the countryside suffered from frequent natural disasters such as droughts, floods and the resulting famines, and the government's lack of effective policy led to a loss of popular support. In 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion started and grew into a nationwide uprising. In 1354, when... | Who had Toghtogha tried to defeat? | {
"answer_start": [
357,
361,
357
],
"text": [
"the Red Turban rebels",
"Red Turban rebels",
"the Red Turban rebels"
]
} | Who had [MASK] tried to defeat? | [
-0.07882726937532425,
0.005039514508098364,
-0.2917214632034302,
0.3626340925693512,
-0.0657389834523201,
0.29565098881721497,
0.27246400713920593,
-0.2905558943748474,
-0.04663064330816269,
-0.04607389122247696,
-0.04322880879044533,
0.20212846994400024,
0.023778818547725677,
-0.050655398... | Other notable places include Elizabeth Fort, the Cork Opera House, Christ Church on South Main Street (now the Triskel Arts Centre and original site of early Hiberno-Norse church), St Mary's Dominican Church on Popes Quay and Fitzgerald's Park to the west of the city, which contains the Cork Public Museum. Other popula... | During the turbulent reign of Wang Mang, Han lost control over the Tarim Basin, which was conquered by the Northern Xiongnu in AD 63 and used as a base to invade Han's Hexi Corridor in Gansu. Dou Gu (d. 88 AD) defeated the Northern Xiongnu at the Battle of Yiwulu in AD 73, evicting them from Turpan and chasing them as ... | Ban Chao (d. AD 102) enlisted the aid of the Kushan Empire, occupying the area of modern India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, to subdue Kashgar and its ally Sogdiana. When a request by Kushan ruler Vima Kadphises (r. c. 90–c. 100 AD) for a marriage alliance with the Han was rejected in AD 90, he sent his force... | the Red Turban rebels | 95,829 |
57287338ff5b5019007da236 | Yuan_dynasty | From the late 1340s onwards, people in the countryside suffered from frequent natural disasters such as droughts, floods and the resulting famines, and the government's lack of effective policy led to a loss of popular support. In 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion started and grew into a nationwide uprising. In 1354, when... | When was the Ming dynasty in power? | {
"answer_start": [
849,
849,
849
],
"text": [
"1368–1644",
"1368–1644",
"1368–1644"
]
} | When was the [MASK] dynasty in power? | [
-0.14098499715328217,
0.16641077399253845,
-0.03710933402180672,
0.22906090319156647,
-0.15336228907108307,
-0.0016394435660913587,
-0.034790001809597015,
0.08698662370443344,
-0.36123666167259216,
0.06823275983333588,
0.10641639679670334,
-0.25492075085639954,
0.10599523782730103,
0.16065... | In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria. Although the chief of staff Mohamed Fawzi verified them as "baseless", Nasser took three successive steps that made the war virtually inevitable: On 14 May he deployed his troops in Sinai near the border with Israel, on... | During the turbulent reign of Wang Mang, Han lost control over the Tarim Basin, which was conquered by the Northern Xiongnu in AD 63 and used as a base to invade Han's Hexi Corridor in Gansu. Dou Gu (d. 88 AD) defeated the Northern Xiongnu at the Battle of Yiwulu in AD 73, evicting them from Turpan and chasing them as ... | While the Ming dynasty traded horses with Tibet, it upheld a policy of outlawing border markets in the north, which Laird sees as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids and to "drive them from the frontiers of China." However, after Altan Khan (1507–1582)—leader of the Tümed Mongols who overthrew the Oirat Mon... | 1368–1644 | 95,830 |
572878942ca10214002da3a2 | Yuan_dynasty | A rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty. The major cultural achievements were the development of drama and the novel and the increased use of the written vernacular. The political unity of China and much of central Asia promoted trade between East and West. The Mongols' extensive West Asian and Euro... | What encouraged trade under the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
186,
190,
190
],
"text": [
"The political unity of China and much of central Asia",
"political unity of China and much of central Asia",
"political unity"
]
} | What encouraged trade under the Yuan? | [
0.06086353585124016,
0.07127045094966888,
-0.20232972502708435,
0.37424129247665405,
-0.21130360662937164,
0.033705174922943115,
-0.22227874398231506,
0.1381997913122177,
-0.0032164740841835737,
-0.04596874862909317,
0.1560671180486679,
0.0003067117650061846,
-0.09641386568546295,
-0.02792... | In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. It can best be summarized as remember how to do something. Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revea... | Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan written by him, detail... | The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan (Ayurbarwada), was a competent emperor. He was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture after the reign of Kublai, to the discontent of some Mongol elite. He had been mentored by Li Meng, a Confucian academic. He made many reforms, including t... | The political unity of China and much of central Asia | 95,831 |
572878942ca10214002da3a3 | Yuan_dynasty | A rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty. The major cultural achievements were the development of drama and the novel and the increased use of the written vernacular. The political unity of China and much of central Asia promoted trade between East and West. The Mongols' extensive West Asian and Euro... | What encouraged cultural exchange under the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
278,
278
],
"text": [
"The Mongols' extensive West Asian and European contacts",
"The Mongols' extensive West Asian and European contacts"
]
} | What encouraged cultural exchange under the [MASK]? | [
0.035126544535160065,
-0.0639231950044632,
0.00046914300764910877,
0.30382171273231506,
-0.14120237529277802,
-0.09124905616044998,
0.17232957482337952,
0.1536429226398468,
-0.13233402371406555,
-0.10355986654758453,
-0.1870454102754593,
-0.08156715333461761,
0.00964431744068861,
-0.032219... | In 2006, Morgan Stanley purchased 20 acres (8.1 ha) directly north of the Showboat Atlantic City Hotel and Casino for a new $2 billion plus casino resort. Revel Entertainment Group was named as the project's developer for the Revel Casino. Revel was hindered with many problems, with the biggest setback to the company b... | Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan written by him, detail... | China also began suffering from mounting overpopulation during this period. Population growth was stagnant for the first half of the 17th century due to civil wars and epidemics, but prosperity and internal stability gradually reversed this trend. The introduction of new crops from the Americas such as the potato and p... | The Mongols' extensive West Asian and European contacts | 95,832 |
572878942ca10214002da3a4 | Yuan_dynasty | A rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty. The major cultural achievements were the development of drama and the novel and the increased use of the written vernacular. The political unity of China and much of central Asia promoted trade between East and West. The Mongols' extensive West Asian and Euro... | What was the Yuan's Persian ally? | {
"answer_start": [
627,
631
],
"text": [
"the Ilkhanate",
"Ilkhanate"
]
} | What was the [MASK] 's [MASK] ally? | [
-0.22518396377563477,
-0.1065155416727066,
-0.07763512432575226,
0.5333886742591858,
-0.1367851048707962,
0.15649494528770447,
0.08999624103307724,
0.11039631813764572,
0.1353989839553833,
0.07430031150579453,
0.020355405285954475,
0.1318371295928955,
0.1710236817598343,
-0.054205741733312... | Lancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution. Manchester and Liverpool grew into its largest cities, dominating global trade and the birth of modern capitalism. The county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield. By the 1830s, approx... | Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan written by him, detail... | In the Middle East, and particularly in Iran, Genghis Khan is almost universally condemned as a destructive and genocidal warlord who caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas. Steven R. Ward wrote that "Overall, the Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths of the popula... | the Ilkhanate | 95,833 |
572878942ca10214002da3a5 | Yuan_dynasty | A rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty. The major cultural achievements were the development of drama and the novel and the increased use of the written vernacular. The political unity of China and much of central Asia promoted trade between East and West. The Mongols' extensive West Asian and Euro... | What crops were introduced or popularized in the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
966,
966,
966
],
"text": [
"carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton",
"carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton",
"carrots, turnips, ne... | What crops were introduced or popularized in the [MASK]? | [
0.23843657970428467,
-0.15285877883434296,
0.040122222155332565,
0.17552220821380615,
0.187020942568779,
0.3344305753707886,
-0.08210356533527374,
0.23337222635746002,
-0.2359006404876709,
-0.14793658256530762,
0.004846066236495972,
-0.08413390070199966,
-0.06354271620512009,
0.26361739635... | The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the uni... | Cuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan written by him, detail... | The Han dynasty was an age of economic prosperity and saw a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number ... | carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton | 95,834 |
572879574b864d1900164a14 | Yuan_dynasty | Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia, of growing numbers of Chinese in the northwest and southwest. Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism (especially Tibetan Bu... | What type of musical instruments did the Yuan bring to China? | {
"answer_start": [
0,
0,
0
],
"text": [
"Western",
"Western",
"Western"
]
} | What type of musical instruments did the [MASK] bring to [MASK]? | [
-0.03977677598595619,
0.20020927488803864,
-0.044423285871744156,
0.1104530543088913,
0.18900716304779053,
0.309565007686615,
-0.0641486793756485,
0.021607181057333946,
-0.1839270293712616,
-0.17915770411491394,
0.025384243577718735,
0.2671448588371277,
0.0871259868144989,
0.16436479985713... | In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in... | Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use ... | Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) an... | Western | 95,835 |
572879574b864d1900164a15 | Yuan_dynasty | Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia, of growing numbers of Chinese in the northwest and southwest. Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism (especially Tibetan Bu... | Besides Confucianism, Buddhism, and Islam, what religions were tolerated during the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
217,
217,
217
],
"text": [
"Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism",
"Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism",
"Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism"
]
} | Besides [MASK], [MASK], and [MASK], what religions were tolerated during the [MASK]? | [
0.15282157063484192,
0.17653705179691315,
-0.1587868630886078,
0.19719064235687256,
-0.20537680387496948,
-0.06637624651193619,
0.5567032098770142,
0.18261027336120605,
-0.21684838831424713,
0.014593590050935745,
-0.27001243829727173,
0.1586296111345291,
-0.22164715826511383,
0.00131532526... | College sports are also popular in southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference, and there is a longtime rivalry between the schools. | Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use ... | Yet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of the dynasty included s... | Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism | 95,836 |
572879574b864d1900164a16 | Yuan_dynasty | Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia, of growing numbers of Chinese in the northwest and southwest. Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism (especially Tibetan Bu... | What religion did the Yuan discourage, to support Buddhism? | {
"answer_start": [
349,
349,
349
],
"text": [
"Taoism",
"Taoism",
"Taoism"
]
} | What religion did the [MASK] discourage, to support [MASK]? | [
0.24621309340000153,
0.15023848414421082,
-0.2533356249332428,
0.14325720071792603,
-0.35006505250930786,
0.0688025951385498,
0.4295249879360199,
0.16584131121635437,
0.11234655231237411,
0.16730250418186188,
-0.15264995396137238,
0.3423680067062378,
-0.2744379937648773,
0.1108146980404853... | In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its main international distributor Philips Records with the goal of CBS starting its own global record company. Philips' acquisition of Mercury Records in the US in 1961 paved the way for this. CBS only had the rights to the Columbia name in North America; therefore the int... | Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use ... | Of the new eastern religions introduced into the Greek world, the most successful was Christianity. From the early centuries of the Common Era, the Greeks identified as Romaioi ("Romans"), by that time the name ‘Hellenes’ denoted pagans. While ethnic distinctions still existed in the Roman Empire, they became secondary... | Taoism | 95,837 |
572879574b864d1900164a17 | Yuan_dynasty | Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia, of growing numbers of Chinese in the northwest and southwest. Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism (especially Tibetan Bu... | What type of practices did the Yuan reintroduce in government? | {
"answer_start": [
432,
432,
432
],
"text": [
"Confucian",
"Confucian governmental practices and examinations",
"Confucian"
]
} | What type of practices did the [MASK] reintroduce in government? | [
0.3031647801399231,
-0.19794459640979767,
0.08147084712982178,
0.3587368428707123,
-0.017207765951752663,
0.13163401186466217,
0.2543548047542572,
-0.14233841001987457,
-0.04838377982378006,
-0.1980203241109848,
-0.2783087491989136,
0.1546158641576767,
-0.07082823663949966,
0.0262951925396... | In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals—a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuchâtel home which he believed orig... | Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use ... | The early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between Han Chinese and Manchus, with some positions also given to Mongols. Like previous dynasties, the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system, until the system was abolishe... | Confucian | 95,838 |
572879574b864d1900164a18 | Yuan_dynasty | Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia, of growing numbers of Chinese in the northwest and southwest. Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism (especially Tibetan Bu... | What fields of study were advanced during the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
715,
715,
722
],
"text": [
"travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education",
"travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education",
"literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education"
]
} | What fields of study were advanced during the [MASK]? | [
0.056404583156108856,
0.15168055891990662,
-0.20897436141967773,
0.2266843616962433,
0.03475993871688843,
0.2330971509218216,
0.008001553826034069,
0.055837806314229965,
-0.16693855822086334,
-0.34562936425209045,
-0.12958046793937683,
0.06019950658082962,
0.45716357231140137,
0.2650581598... | Apple has generally dominated the premium PC market, having a 91 percent market share for PCs priced at more than $1,000 in 2009, according to NPD. The Macintosh took 45 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, compared to 13 percent for Dell, seven percent for Hewlett Packard, six percent for Le... | Classical musicians continued to use many of instruments from the Baroque era, such as the cello, contrabass, recorder, trombone, timpani, fortepiano and organ. While some Baroque instruments fell into disuse (e.g., the theorbo and rackett), many Baroque instruments were changed into the versions that are still in use ... | Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek int... | travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education | 95,839 |
57287b4a4b864d1900164a28 | Yuan_dynasty | The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to "Cambaluc," the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Mil... | Who was the first known European to visit China and return? | {
"answer_start": [
135,
135,
135
],
"text": [
"Marco Polo",
"Marco Polo",
"Marco Polo"
]
} | Who was the [MASK] known [MASK] to visit [MASK] and return? | [
-0.13535842299461365,
0.06449216604232788,
0.1759435534477234,
0.1806899458169937,
0.1980324536561966,
0.0073334332555532455,
0.38946545124053955,
0.037289123982191086,
-0.19647277891635895,
-0.044714223593473434,
-0.40508684515953064,
0.032370444387197495,
-0.12784123420715332,
0.01032421... | Several Islamic kingdoms (sultanates) under both foreign and, newly converted, Rajput rulers were established across the north western subcontinent (Afghanistan and Pakistan) over a period of a few centuries. From the 10th century, Sindh was ruled by the Rajput Soomra dynasty, and later, in the mid-13th century by the ... | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: "Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?" The author of Jeremiah... | Marco Polo | 95,840 |
57287b4a4b864d1900164a29 | Yuan_dynasty | The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to "Cambaluc," the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Mil... | What did Polo call the Yuan capital? | {
"answer_start": [
177,
177,
177
],
"text": [
"Cambaluc",
"Cambaluc",
"Cambaluc"
]
} | What did [MASK] call the Yuan capital? | [
-0.06191878393292427,
-0.021618302911520004,
-0.23050986230373383,
0.15053987503051758,
-0.21548712253570557,
0.31749972701072693,
-0.11382612586021423,
0.10802648961544037,
-0.11938749253749847,
-0.03052237629890442,
-0.059497714042663574,
-0.3213252127170563,
-0.14857827126979828,
0.0164... | Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia. Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a ... | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 154... | Cambaluc | 95,841 |
57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a | Yuan_dynasty | The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to "Cambaluc," the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Mil... | What was the English title of Polo's book? | {
"answer_start": [
350,
350,
346
],
"text": [
"Travels of Marco Polo",
"Travels of Marco Polo",
"the Travels of Marco Polo"
]
} | What was the [MASK] title of [MASK] 's book? | [
0.03216956555843353,
0.09231346100568771,
-0.14363712072372437,
0.20914989709854126,
0.1271773874759674,
0.06565425544977188,
0.09973501414060593,
-0.12565836310386658,
0.02850625291466713,
0.3510494530200958,
-0.2634357511997223,
-0.10888714343309402,
0.029602237045764923,
0.1550925672054... | The Boulton Paul Defiant, despite its poor performance during daylight engagements, was a much better night fighter. It was faster, able to catch the bombers and its configuration of four machine guns in a turret could (much like German night fighters in 1943–1945 with Schräge Musik) engage the unsuspecting German bomb... | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | The best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sanskrit, Persian, and lat... | Travels of Marco Polo | 95,842 |
57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b | Yuan_dynasty | The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to "Cambaluc," the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Mil... | What was the Italian title of Polo's book? | {
"answer_start": [
297,
297,
297
],
"text": [
"Il milione",
"Il milione",
"Il milione"
]
} | What was the [MASK] title of [MASK] 's book? | [
0.03216956555843353,
0.09231346100568771,
-0.14363712072372437,
0.20914989709854126,
0.1271773874759674,
0.06565425544977188,
0.09973501414060593,
-0.12565836310386658,
0.02850625291466713,
0.3510494530200958,
-0.2634357511997223,
-0.10888714343309402,
0.029602237045764923,
0.1550925672054... | In 1579 the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule. The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic. In 1580 the new and predominantly Protestant state abolished the bishoprics, including the archbishopric of Utrecht. The stadt... | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of the printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the Arabic texts and thought bringing about rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge. | Il milione | 95,843 |
57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c | Yuan_dynasty | The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo, whose account of his trip to "Cambaluc," the capital of the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Mil... | How did some suspect that Polo learned about China instead of by actually visiting it? | {
"answer_start": [
753,
753,
753
],
"text": [
"through contact with Persian traders",
"through contact with Persian traders",
"through contact with Persian traders"
]
} | How did some suspect that [MASK] learned about [MASK] instead of by actually visiting it? | [
0.21688076853752136,
-0.01044805720448494,
-0.02594018541276455,
0.19406065344810486,
0.3452577292919159,
-0.24539950489997864,
0.37522873282432556,
0.1300964206457138,
-0.17570242285728455,
0.1611664891242981,
-0.1138385534286499,
-0.018723882734775543,
0.05553404986858368,
0.107459284365... | For the past 25 years, the Tucson Folk Festival has taken place the first Saturday and Sunday of May in downtown Tucson's El Presidio Park. In addition to nationally known headline acts each evening, the Festival highlights over 100 local and regional musicians on five stages is one of the largest free festivals in the... | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | Englishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carrac... | through contact with Persian traders | 95,844 |
57287c142ca10214002da3d0 | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Greg... | What astronomer worked for Kublai? | {
"answer_start": [
111,
111,
111
],
"text": [
"Guo Shoujing",
"Guo Shoujing",
"Guo Shoujing"
]
} | What astronomer worked for [MASK]? | [
0.5584231019020081,
0.3734974265098572,
-0.1884562075138092,
0.2538585662841797,
0.3164708912372589,
0.03348614275455475,
-0.18196234107017517,
0.01394854299724102,
0.11850368976593018,
0.08115192502737045,
-0.14068125188350677,
0.5270256996154785,
-0.16800399124622345,
-0.2578043043613434... | He does not argue that any such conclusions are therefore true, or that this describes the actual methods of any particular scientist.[citation needed] Rather, it is recommended as an essential principle of methodology that, if enacted by a system or community, will lead to slow but steady progress of a sort (relative ... | Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan. Succession for the Yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife... | Contrary to popular belief, Genghis Khan did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the Mongol Empire. At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan. The empire's expansion continued for a generation or more after Genghis's death in 1227. Under Genghis's successor ... | Guo Shoujing | 95,845 |
57287c142ca10214002da3d1 | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Greg... | How accurate did Guo make the reformed lunisolar calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
290,
248,
248
],
"text": [
"26 seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar",
"365.2425 days of the year",
"365.2425 days of the year"
]
} | How accurate did [MASK] make the reformed lunisolar calendar? | [
0.08434128016233444,
0.05153777822852135,
0.26217547059059143,
-0.07284825295209885,
0.07780997455120087,
0.31258660554885864,
0.16774794459342957,
0.024642936885356903,
-0.16903440654277802,
-0.25400370359420776,
-0.23888610303401947,
0.14504964649677277,
0.02994471974670887,
0.0788499787... | Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15. He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport. He is widely considered to be among the greatest b... | Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan. Succession for the Yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife... | The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia, while the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese. Gradually, they lost influence in China as well. The reigns... | 26 seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar | 95,846 |
57287c142ca10214002da3d2 | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Greg... | What did Kublai do to prevent famines? | {
"answer_start": [
448,
448,
448
],
"text": [
"granaries were ordered built throughout the empire",
"granaries were ordered built throughout the empire",
"granaries were ordered built"
]
} | What did [MASK] do to prevent famines? | [
0.16796483099460602,
0.11285325884819031,
-0.5482941269874573,
0.1361856758594513,
0.18344661593437195,
0.3944658637046814,
0.4547562301158905,
0.008708791807293892,
-0.11406322568655014,
0.03913353011012077,
-0.09065091609954834,
0.05512117221951485,
-0.2583031952381134,
-0.00681116851046... | No archaeological evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today′s city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far. In antiquity, a Celtic oppidum stood on the Engehalbinsel (peninsula) north of Bern, fortified since the 2nd century BC (late La Tène period), thought to be one of the twelve oppida... | Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan. Succession for the Yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife... | In 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts. His armies quickly took Heisui, Ganzhou, and Suzhou (not the Suzhou in Jiangsu province), and in the autumn he took Xiliang-fu[disambiguation needed]. One of the Tangut generals challenged the Mongols to a battle... | granaries were ordered built throughout the empire | 95,847 |
57287c142ca10214002da3d3 | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Greg... | What city did the Grand Canal reach during the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
644,
644,
644
],
"text": [
"Beijing",
"Beijing",
"Beijing"
]
} | What city did [MASK] reach during the [MASK]? | [
-0.07495781779289246,
-0.05671771615743637,
0.10067486017942429,
0.2035742998123169,
0.13942264020442963,
0.17704102396965027,
0.35333362221717834,
0.04709604009985924,
-0.11786802858114243,
-0.11150962859392166,
-0.24040931463241577,
-0.18465226888656616,
-0.023329894989728928,
-0.0374618... | Several organizations concerned with antimicrobial resistance are lobbying to eliminate the unnecessary use of antibiotics. The issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been addressed by the formation of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. This task force aims to actively address antimicr... | Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan. Succession for the Yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife... | The Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the Peiwen Yunfu, a rhyme ... | Beijing | 95,848 |
57287c142ca10214002da3d4 | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Greg... | What major crop was brought to China from the west? | {
"answer_start": [
1071,
1071,
1071
],
"text": [
"sorghum",
"sorghum",
"sorghum"
]
} | What major crop was brought to [MASK] from the west? | [
0.01849362999200821,
-0.18657006323337555,
-0.20455358922481537,
0.33946168422698975,
0.4610193073749542,
0.4260525703430176,
-0.011677396483719349,
0.40582045912742615,
-0.16478873789310455,
-0.10634206235408783,
-0.07515213638544083,
0.02406865358352661,
0.07019814103841782,
0.3570036292... | A B cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen. This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis into peptides. The B cell then displays these antigenic peptides on its surface MHC class II molecules. This combination of MHC and antige... | Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan. Succession for the Yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife... | Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then t... | sorghum | 95,849 |
57287ccb2ca10214002da3da | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China. In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire. Mongols are widely known to worship the Eternal Heaven, and according to the traditional Mongolian ideology Yuan is considered... | The Yuan was the first time all of China was ruled by whom? | {
"answer_start": [
41,
41,
41
],
"text": [
"non-native Chinese people",
"non-native Chinese people",
"non-native Chinese"
]
} | The [MASK] was the [MASK] time all of [MASK] was ruled by whom? | [
-0.05513116344809532,
-0.10556843876838684,
-0.16173569858074188,
0.37011170387268066,
-0.1915663778781891,
-0.15283678472042084,
0.0335170142352581,
0.02837025187909603,
-0.42796871066093445,
0.25504550337791443,
-0.009342026896774769,
-0.05027290806174278,
-0.19220346212387085,
0.0000619... | The town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it was defended by Christopher Martin, an English ... | To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia. The Kangxi Emperor was able to successfully expel Galdan's invading forces from these regions, which were then incorporated into the empire. Galdan wa... | The dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit. In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860. The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tientsin Massacre of 187... | non-native Chinese people | 95,850 |
57287ccb2ca10214002da3db | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China. In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire. Mongols are widely known to worship the Eternal Heaven, and according to the traditional Mongolian ideology Yuan is considered... | What did Mongols worship? | {
"answer_start": [
230,
234,
230
],
"text": [
"the Eternal Heaven",
"Eternal Heaven",
"the Eternal Heaven"
]
} | What did [MASK] worship? | [
0.4062108099460602,
0.4228799343109131,
-0.16233767569065094,
-0.16580800712108612,
-0.16067713499069214,
0.17269238829612732,
0.6221525073051453,
0.2742076814174652,
0.03214038908481598,
-0.14499309659004211,
-0.2659825384616852,
0.05053402855992317,
0.005911150947213173,
0.06420586258172... | On 12 January 1938 by Letters Patent the islands were declared a dependency of Saint Helena. Prior to roughly this period, passing ships stopped irregularly at the island for a period of mere hours. | To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia. The Kangxi Emperor was able to successfully expel Galdan's invading forces from these regions, which were then incorporated into the empire. Galdan wa... | Genghis Khan united the Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol empire across Asia. Under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty in 1234, conquering most of northern China. Ögedei offered his n... | the Eternal Heaven | 95,851 |
57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China. In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire. Mongols are widely known to worship the Eternal Heaven, and according to the traditional Mongolian ideology Yuan is considered... | What legitimate dynasty came before the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
641,
641,
637
],
"text": [
"Song",
"Song dynasty",
"the Song dynasty"
]
} | What legitimate dynasty came before the [MASK]? | [
-0.03370782360434532,
-0.11451462656259537,
0.03404346480965614,
0.33141160011291504,
-0.023787494748830795,
0.04909045994281769,
0.018375931307673454,
-0.08774838596582413,
-0.31145820021629333,
0.021749017760157585,
0.09398818016052246,
-0.09415969997644424,
-0.03135217726230621,
0.18765... | The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same L... | To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia. The Kangxi Emperor was able to successfully expel Galdan's invading forces from these regions, which were then incorporated into the empire. Galdan wa... | Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266. In 1271, Kublai formally claimed the Mandate of Heaven and declared that 1272 was the first year of the Great Yuan (Chinese: 大元) in... | Song | 95,852 |
57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China. In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire. Mongols are widely known to worship the Eternal Heaven, and according to the traditional Mongolian ideology Yuan is considered... | What legitimate dynasty came after the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
662,
662,
658
],
"text": [
"Ming",
"Ming dynasty",
"the Ming dynasty"
]
} | What legitimate dynasty came after the [MASK]? | [
0.006612285040318966,
-0.14180190861225128,
0.07651451230049133,
0.3901975452899933,
-0.0811779797077179,
-0.004045267589390278,
0.04943615943193436,
-0.11434772610664368,
-0.2756141722202301,
0.08609279245138168,
-0.09637944400310516,
-0.07237844914197922,
-0.06882722675800323,
0.25423017... | Antennas are characterized by a number of performance measures which a user would be concerned with in selecting or designing an antenna for a particular application. Chief among these relate to the directional characteristics (as depicted in the antenna's radiation pattern) and the resulting gain. Even in omnidirectio... | After strengthening his government in northern China, Kublai pursued an expansionist policy in line with the tradition of Mongol and Chinese imperialism. He renewed a massive drive against the Song dynasty to the south. Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Ya... | Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China prope... | Ming | 95,853 |
57287ccb2ca10214002da3de | Yuan_dynasty | The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China. In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire. Mongols are widely known to worship the Eternal Heaven, and according to the traditional Mongolian ideology Yuan is considered... | Some Chinese considered the Yuan a legitimate dynasty, but what did other Chinese think it was? | {
"answer_start": [
1239,
159,
1239
],
"text": [
"a period of foreign domination",
"continuation of the Mongol Empire",
"a period of foreign domination"
]
} | Some [MASK] considered the [MASK] a legitimate dynasty, but what did other [MASK] think it was? | [
-0.03163691237568855,
-0.08128948509693146,
0.0436093732714653,
0.37374019622802734,
-0.03922051191329956,
-0.06466028839349747,
0.21115396916866302,
-0.1192719042301178,
-0.2533005177974701,
0.3263598382472992,
-0.02123871073126793,
-0.09400971978902817,
-0.11626250296831131,
0.2656558752... | In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference... | To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia. The Kangxi Emperor was able to successfully expel Galdan's invading forces from these regions, which were then incorporated into the empire. Galdan wa... | In his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398–1402), the Yongle Emperor was aided by the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao, and like his father, the Hongwu Emperor, the Yongle Emperor was "well-disposed towards Buddhism", claims Rossabi. On March 10, 1403, the Yongle Emperor invited Deshin Shekpa, 5th Kar... | a period of foreign domination | 95,854 |
57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4 | Yuan_dynasty | The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan reflected various cultures in the empire, including that of the Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists. While the official terminology of the institutions may indicate the government structure was almost purely that of native Chinese dynasties, th... | What cultures were part of Kublai's administration? | {
"answer_start": [
113,
113,
109
],
"text": [
"Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists",
"Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists.",
"the Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists"
]
} | What cultures were part of [MASK] 's administration? | [
0.1815868467092514,
0.087952621281147,
-0.2660392224788666,
0.32269638776779175,
-0.12264601141214371,
0.0834377333521843,
0.09485962241888046,
0.22189423441886902,
-0.13399162888526917,
-0.12106592953205109,
-0.15295249223709106,
-0.18770430982112885,
-0.07088916748762131,
0.0603792928159... | "Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert." The... | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | Genghis Khan is credited with bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia, thus expanding the horizons of all three cultural areas. Some historians have noted that Genghis Khan instituted certain levels of meritoc... | Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists | 95,855 |
57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5 | Yuan_dynasty | The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan reflected various cultures in the empire, including that of the Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists. While the official terminology of the institutions may indicate the government structure was almost purely that of native Chinese dynasties, th... | What dynasties inspired the Chinese-like elements of Kublai's government? | {
"answer_start": [
478,
292,
478
],
"text": [
"Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties",
"native Chinese dynasties",
"Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties"
]
} | What dynasties inspired the [MASK]- like elements of [MASK] 's government? | [
0.09970507770776749,
-0.022387491539120674,
0.014733277261257172,
0.46182283759117126,
-0.08843425661325455,
-0.02751893363893032,
-0.1158306673169136,
-0.08591891825199127,
-0.2881945073604584,
0.0800914391875267,
-0.2190711796283722,
-0.1609886884689331,
0.035681985318660736,
0.161700963... | They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromo... | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties | 95,856 |
57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6 | Yuan_dynasty | The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan reflected various cultures in the empire, including that of the Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists. While the official terminology of the institutions may indicate the government structure was almost purely that of native Chinese dynasties, th... | Who were two of Kublai's Chinese advisers? | {
"answer_start": [
565,
565,
565
],
"text": [
"Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu",
"Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu",
"Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu"
]
} | Who were [MASK] of [MASK] 's [MASK] advisers? | [
-0.051803089678287506,
0.1642800271511078,
-0.037307318300008774,
0.31210166215896606,
0.1645582914352417,
0.2762174904346466,
-0.2843565344810486,
-0.19810473918914795,
-0.3091781735420227,
0.022795910015702248,
-0.1317702829837799,
0.4214887022972107,
0.04240354895591736,
-0.315571933984... | The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific disc... | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | Genghis Khan put absolute trust in his generals, such as Muqali, Jebe and Subutai, and regarded them as close advisors, often extending them the same privileges and trust normally reserved for close family members. He allowed them to make decisions on their own when they embarked on campaigns far from the Mongol Empire... | Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu | 95,857 |
57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7 | Yuan_dynasty | The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan reflected various cultures in the empire, including that of the Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists. While the official terminology of the institutions may indicate the government structure was almost purely that of native Chinese dynasties, th... | What kind of division of power did Kublai's government have? | {
"answer_start": [
787,
787,
787
],
"text": [
"tripartite",
"tripartite division",
"tripartite"
]
} | What kind of division of power did [MASK] 's government have? | [
-0.013697437010705471,
-0.20312394201755524,
-0.09454446285963058,
0.6189847588539124,
-0.20536068081855774,
-0.09090464562177658,
-0.18599902093410492,
-0.07872536033391953,
-0.35692092776298523,
0.06251807510852814,
-0.0535280741751194,
-0.1821892261505127,
-0.10685237497091293,
0.307432... | The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg. New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets. | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty. It was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke Khan after the division of the Mongol Empire. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song dynasty and preceding th... | tripartite | 95,858 |
57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8 | Yuan_dynasty | The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan reflected various cultures in the empire, including that of the Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists. While the official terminology of the institutions may indicate the government structure was almost purely that of native Chinese dynasties, th... | What were the three parts of Kublai's government? | {
"answer_start": [
826,
826,
826
],
"text": [
"civil, military, and censorial offices",
"civil, military, and censorial",
"civil, military, and censorial offices"
]
} | What were the [MASK] parts of [MASK] 's government? | [
0.15513034164905548,
0.049574363976716995,
-0.09648333489894867,
0.6214555501937866,
-0.12069223821163177,
-0.018605196848511696,
0.01767326518893242,
-0.015136191621422768,
-0.18992190062999725,
0.07246624678373337,
-0.1824330985546112,
0.04494665563106537,
-0.1519782841205597,
0.09985563... | Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists. | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan. Succession for the Yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife... | civil, military, and censorial offices | 95,859 |
57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f | Yuan_dynasty | While the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries (which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties) gave a Sinicized image in the Yuan administration, the actual functions of these ministries also reflected how Mongolian priorities and policies reshaped and redirected those i... | Who had military control during the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
785,
789,
785
],
"text": [
"the Privy Council",
"Privy Council",
"the Privy Council"
]
} | Who had military control during the [MASK]? | [
-0.1262366622686386,
-0.09013503789901733,
-0.0012054394464939833,
0.4226597249507904,
-0.29975223541259766,
0.13259975612163544,
-0.10529518872499466,
0.08363807201385498,
-0.1355995535850525,
0.09589113295078278,
-0.11969740688800812,
-0.006750321481376886,
-0.037158384919166565,
0.03577... | The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn ... | Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated... | The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan (Ayurbarwada), was a competent emperor. He was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture after the reign of Kublai, to the discontent of some Mongol elite. He had been mentored by Li Meng, a Confucian academic. He made many reforms, including t... | the Privy Council | 95,860 |
57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40 | Yuan_dynasty | While the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries (which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties) gave a Sinicized image in the Yuan administration, the actual functions of these ministries also reflected how Mongolian priorities and policies reshaped and redirected those i... | When had the Six Ministries existed? | {
"answer_start": [
110,
120,
110
],
"text": [
"since the Sui and Tang dynasties",
"Sui and Tang dynasties",
"since the Sui and Tang dynasties"
]
} | When had the [MASK] Ministries existed? | [
0.41449257731437683,
0.34056606888771057,
0.011487062089145184,
-0.02830478735268116,
-0.01837398111820221,
0.3448823094367981,
0.1312197595834732,
0.1170053705573082,
-0.27938491106033325,
0.06538678705692291,
0.07259411364793777,
0.14928023517131805,
-0.063861183822155,
0.168225690722465... | Jeffries and Ryan (2001) argue that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from the mid-twentieth century rulings of the Supreme Court. The central point, they argue, was a constitutional ban against aid to religious schools, followed by a later ban on religious observance in public education. Jeffr... | Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated... | However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist sentiment" amongst Tibetans, and to "remove all traces of Mongol suzerainty." Georges Dreyfus,... | since the Sui and Tang dynasties | 95,861 |
57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41 | Yuan_dynasty | While the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries (which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties) gave a Sinicized image in the Yuan administration, the actual functions of these ministries also reflected how Mongolian priorities and policies reshaped and redirected those i... | Who were exempt from the Ministry of Justice? | {
"answer_start": [
451,
451,
451
],
"text": [
"Mongols and Semuren",
"Mongols and Semuren",
"Mongols and Semuren"
]
} | Who were exempt from [MASK]? | [
0.28804096579551697,
0.21025413274765015,
-0.2631896436214447,
0.2160336971282959,
-0.22258618474006653,
0.13510294258594513,
0.41516342759132385,
-0.27401331067085266,
-0.21537676453590393,
0.18009613454341888,
-0.12840691208839417,
0.09540653228759766,
-0.25864890217781067,
-0.1887178868... | In 1978, she dropped out of college and relocated to New York City. She had little money and worked as a waitress at Dunkin' Donuts and with modern dance troupes, taking classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater and eventually performing with Pear Lang Dance Theater. Madonna said of her move to New York, "It wa... | Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated... | The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan reflected various cultures in the empire, including that of the Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists. While the official terminology of the institutions may indicate the government structure was almost purely that of native Chinese dynasties, th... | Mongols and Semuren | 95,862 |
57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42 | Yuan_dynasty | While the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries (which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties) gave a Sinicized image in the Yuan administration, the actual functions of these ministries also reflected how Mongolian priorities and policies reshaped and redirected those i... | Who had no real military power during the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
669,
673,
669
],
"text": [
"the Ministry of War",
"Ministry of War",
"the Ministry of War"
]
} | Who had no real military power during the [MASK]? | [
-0.1298794001340866,
-0.053347643464803696,
-0.10842499881982803,
0.5159400701522827,
-0.34858307242393494,
0.1743151843547821,
0.08937953412532806,
0.08543103188276291,
-0.16438181698322296,
0.07533509284257889,
-0.1519235521554947,
0.13457317650318146,
-0.05561447516083717,
-0.0779944211... | At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of... | Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated... | The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty. It was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke Khan after the division of the Mongol Empire. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song dynasty and preceding th... | the Ministry of War | 95,863 |
57287e512ca10214002da3f8 | Yuan_dynasty | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | When was Phags-pa script invented? | {
"answer_start": [
23,
23,
23
],
"text": [
"1269",
"1269",
"1269"
]
} | When was [MASK] invented? | [
0.13147380948066711,
0.23756225407123566,
0.038257211446762085,
0.10608828067779541,
0.2484467625617981,
0.21537581086158752,
-0.07920511066913605,
-0.13022731244564056,
-0.11027003824710846,
0.10837673395872116,
0.18576492369174957,
0.09823538362979889,
-0.035403233021497726,
0.2655417323... | Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. ... | Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name c... | Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name c... | 1269 | 95,864 |
57287e512ca10214002da3f9 | Yuan_dynasty | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | Which languages used the Phags-pa script? | {
"answer_start": [
81,
81,
81
],
"text": [
"Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese",
"Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese",
"Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese"
]
} | Which languages used the Phags-pa script? | [
0.016773642972111702,
0.2473587840795517,
-0.17339543998241425,
-0.015031343325972557,
-0.06886470317840576,
0.6398798227310181,
0.05269197002053261,
0.0916447564959526,
-0.30069461464881897,
-0.10689178109169006,
-0.17196010053157806,
-0.09602558612823486,
-0.3331548571586609,
-0.38036286... | In the Netherlands, four former institutes of technology have become universities over the past decades. These are the current three Technical Universities (at Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede), plus the former agricultural institute in Wageningen. A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might b... | Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name c... | The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Greg... | Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese | 95,865 |
57287e512ca10214002da3fa | Yuan_dynasty | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | How well did the Mongol Emperors know Chinese? | {
"answer_start": [
202,
202,
270
],
"text": [
"could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well",
"could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well",
"well"
]
} | How well did the Mongol Emperors know [MASK]? | [
0.021182281896471977,
0.2906770408153534,
-0.2831428647041321,
0.08370798081159592,
-0.1172991544008255,
-0.117068812251091,
0.28452080488204956,
-0.17930316925048828,
-0.15054349601268768,
-0.05563557147979736,
-0.11251990497112274,
0.006295178551226854,
-0.021008791401982307,
-0.29777443... | In 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500 places were ordered ... | Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name c... | Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266. In 1271, Kublai formally claimed the Mandate of Heaven and declared that 1272 was the first year of the Great Yuan (Chinese: 大元) in... | could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well | 95,866 |
57287e512ca10214002da3fb | Yuan_dynasty | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | The mother of which emperor was a concubine? | {
"answer_start": [
456,
456,
456
],
"text": [
"Tugh Temur",
"Tugh Temur",
"Tugh Temur"
]
} | The mother of which emperor was a concubine? | [
-0.025090258568525314,
0.008108476176857948,
-0.33716312050819397,
0.3325919508934021,
0.07503785192966461,
0.46523144841194153,
-0.20362544059753418,
-0.1980310082435608,
0.044542569667100906,
0.0723157525062561,
-0.06388958543539047,
-0.055163927376270294,
-0.20408935844898224,
0.1232076... | The city has a Mayor and is one of the 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremonial sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor. The current and 793rd Mayor of Southampton is Linda Norris. Catherine McEwing is the current and 578th sherriff. The town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melo... | Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name c... | From the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qing rule. The distinct... | Tugh Temur | 95,867 |
57287e512ca10214002da3fc | Yuan_dynasty | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | What was Tugh's Chinese-style name? | {
"answer_start": [
723,
723,
731
],
"text": [
"Emperor Wenzong",
"Emperor Wenzong",
"Wenzong"
]
} | What was [MASK] 's [MASK]- style name? | [
0.14086347818374634,
0.15676531195640564,
-0.16959622502326965,
0.1346466839313507,
-0.011195950210094452,
0.12289002537727356,
0.14332440495491028,
0.15071827173233032,
-0.08914587646722794,
0.32642242312431335,
-0.18307119607925415,
-0.026746757328510284,
0.005212937947362661,
0.13449287... | Known as the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect, this theory has been backed up by strong evidence of its prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism. However, research suggests that this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immune reaction against a subst... | Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name c... | Genghis Khan, the title is spelled in variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis Khaan, English Chinghiz, Chinghis, and Chingiz, Chinese: 成吉思汗; pinyin: Chéngjísī Hán, Turkic: Cengiz Han, Çingiz Xan, Çingiz Han, Chingizxon, Çıñğız Xan, Chengez Khan, Chinggis Khan, Chinggis Xaan, Chingis Khan, Jeng... | Emperor Wenzong | 95,868 |
57287ee3ff5b5019007da274 | Yuan_dynasty | The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty seems to have lived a life of decaying rural leisure, with income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty. The Mongols practiced debt slavery, and by 1290 in all parts of the Mongol Empir... | By what year was selling children into slavery common among the Mongols? | {
"answer_start": [
283,
283,
283
],
"text": [
"1290",
"1290",
"1290"
]
} | By what year was selling children into slavery common among the [MASK]? | [
-0.09016826748847961,
-0.23248161375522614,
-0.5364788174629211,
0.2598453760147095,
0.02858085371553898,
0.3346278667449951,
0.19769032299518585,
0.005324344150722027,
-0.2300940454006195,
0.0935680940747261,
0.050343941897153854,
-0.05985584110021591,
-0.1619771271944046,
0.3446361720561... | After the Lisa's announcement, John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project at Apple in February 1983. The company announced the Macintosh 128K—manufactured at an Apple factory in Fremont, California—in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with various magazines in December. The Ma... | As the European population was severely reduced, land became more plentiful for the survivors, and labour consequently more expensive. Attempts by landowners to forcibly reduce wages, such as the English 1351 Statute of Laborers, were doomed to fail. These efforts resulted in nothing more than fostering resentment amon... | Despite the tribute and a negotiation between Laoshang Chanyu (r. 174–160 BC) and Emperor Wen (r. 180–157 BC) to reopen border markets, many of the Chanyu's Xiongnu subordinates chose not to obey the treaty and periodically raided Han territories south of the Great Wall for additional goods. In a court conference assem... | 1290 | 95,869 |
57287ee3ff5b5019007da275 | Yuan_dynasty | The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty seems to have lived a life of decaying rural leisure, with income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty. The Mongols practiced debt slavery, and by 1290 in all parts of the Mongol Empir... | When did Kublai ban the international Mongol slave trade? | {
"answer_start": [
430,
430,
430
],
"text": [
"1291",
"1291",
"1291"
]
} | When did [MASK] ban the international [MASK] slave trade? | [
-0.041026029735803604,
0.0607144869863987,
-0.2644738256931305,
0.03979960083961487,
0.04335576295852661,
-0.03360018506646156,
0.06938324123620987,
-0.08366663753986359,
0.0012416864046826959,
0.235276997089386,
-0.14855113625526428,
0.08681484311819077,
-0.596537172794342,
0.395780444145... | Southampton is home to Southampton Football Club—nicknamed "The Saints"—who play in the Premier League at St Mary's Stadium, having relocated in 2001 from their 103-year-old former stadium, "The Dell". They reached the top flight of English football (First Division) for the first time in 1966, staying there for eight y... | As the European population was severely reduced, land became more plentiful for the survivors, and labour consequently more expensive. Attempts by landowners to forcibly reduce wages, such as the English 1351 Statute of Laborers, were doomed to fail. These efforts resulted in nothing more than fostering resentment amon... | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | 1291 | 95,870 |
57287ee3ff5b5019007da276 | Yuan_dynasty | The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty seems to have lived a life of decaying rural leisure, with income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty. The Mongols practiced debt slavery, and by 1290 in all parts of the Mongol Empir... | How were the Mongol garrison families earning money? | {
"answer_start": [
114,
130,
130
],
"text": [
"income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants",
"harvests of their Chinese tenants",
"harvests of their Chinese tenants"
]
} | How were the [MASK] garrison families earning money? | [
0.3120475113391876,
0.3275158107280731,
-0.23985889554023743,
0.36605700850486755,
0.28899112343788147,
0.48556262254714966,
0.19238314032554626,
-0.07167000323534012,
-0.40815913677215576,
0.02791796810925007,
0.0018190921982750297,
0.0414263978600502,
-0.008297218941152096,
0.05557546019... | The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian... | As the European population was severely reduced, land became more plentiful for the survivors, and labour consequently more expensive. Attempts by landowners to forcibly reduce wages, such as the English 1351 Statute of Laborers, were doomed to fail. These efforts resulted in nothing more than fostering resentment amon... | Following the conquest of Dali in 1253, the former ruling Duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era governments, principally in the province of Yunnan. Succession for the Yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife... | income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants | 95,871 |
57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51 | Yuan_dynasty | In the China of the Yuan, or Mongol era, various important developments in the arts occurred or continued in their development, including the areas of painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater, with many great artists and writers being famous today. Due to the coming together of painting, poetry, and call... | What type of arts flourished in the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
151,
151,
151
],
"text": [
"painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater",
"painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater",
"painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater"
]
} | What type of arts flourished in the [MASK]? | [
0.20152884721755981,
0.03764253482222557,
-0.11122249066829681,
0.21968479454517365,
-0.15996462106704712,
0.28254464268684387,
0.1301802396774292,
0.38160842657089233,
-0.5507226586341858,
-0.23139414191246033,
-0.07397347688674927,
0.1103060245513916,
0.15472090244293213,
0.1076185479760... | The United States Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. Both reserve components are primarily composed of part-time soldiers who train once a month, known as battle assemblies or unit training assemblies (UT... | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube ro... | painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater | 95,872 |
57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52 | Yuan_dynasty | In the China of the Yuan, or Mongol era, various important developments in the arts occurred or continued in their development, including the areas of painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater, with many great artists and writers being famous today. Due to the coming together of painting, poetry, and call... | Which arts were often practiced together by the same artists? | {
"answer_start": [
294,
294,
294
],
"text": [
"painting, poetry, and calligraphy",
"painting, poetry, and calligraphy",
"painting, poetry, and calligraphy"
]
} | Which arts were often practiced together by the same artists? | [
0.43095266819000244,
0.050504233688116074,
-0.22680984437465668,
0.10102073103189468,
0.11184413731098175,
0.22043007612228394,
0.24070215225219727,
-0.2492140382528305,
-0.5286997556686401,
-0.3363596498966217,
0.10921699553728104,
0.29467466473579407,
-0.1449032723903656,
-0.175790384411... | In the tropics there is little variation in the length of day throughout the year, and it is always warm enough for a food supply, but altitudinal migration occurs in some tropical birds. There is evidence that this enables the migrants to obtain more of their preferred foods such as fruits. | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals. | painting, poetry, and calligraphy | 95,873 |
57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53 | Yuan_dynasty | In the China of the Yuan, or Mongol era, various important developments in the arts occurred or continued in their development, including the areas of painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater, with many great artists and writers being famous today. Due to the coming together of painting, poetry, and call... | What dynasty shared artistic inspiration with the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
658,
658,
654
],
"text": [
"Song",
"Song",
"the Song dynasty"
]
} | What dynasty shared artistic inspiration with the [MASK]? | [
0.12838682532310486,
0.11998174339532852,
-0.08767236769199371,
0.20010225474834442,
0.16425326466560364,
0.2521095871925354,
-0.1305278241634369,
-0.007440301589667797,
-0.4693286120891571,
-0.22031797468662262,
-0.1424243450164795,
-0.23919956386089325,
0.2837832272052765,
-0.03740762546... | In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should ... | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | The Han-era Chinese sailed in a variety of ships differing from those of previous eras, such as the tower ship. The junk design was developed and realized during Han. Junks featured a square-ended bow and stern, a flat-bottomed hull or carvel-shaped hull with no keel or sternpost, and solid transverse bulkheads in the ... | Song | 95,874 |
57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54 | Yuan_dynasty | In the China of the Yuan, or Mongol era, various important developments in the arts occurred or continued in their development, including the areas of painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater, with many great artists and writers being famous today. Due to the coming together of painting, poetry, and call... | What form of poetry was developed in the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
934,
934,
938
],
"text": [
"the qu",
"the qu",
"qu"
]
} | What form of poetry was developed in the [MASK]? | [
0.01921209692955017,
0.012308183126151562,
-0.07476675510406494,
0.12073873728513718,
-0.19647954404354095,
0.24431011080741882,
0.1876453310251236,
-0.08670725673437119,
-0.1773516982793808,
-0.2436099648475647,
-0.07921008765697479,
0.010164647363126278,
0.09159602224826813,
-0.061419170... | The indirect method of applying tesserae is often used for very large projects, projects with repetitive elements or for areas needing site specific shapes. Tiles are applied face-down to a backing paper using an adhesive, and later transferred onto walls, floors or craft projects. This method is most useful for extrem... | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | Although Chinese characters in Vietnam are now limited to ceremonial uses, they were once in widespread use. Until the early 20th century, Literary Chinese was used in Vietnam for all official and scholarly writing. Around the 13th century the Nôm script was developed to record folk literature in the Vietnamese languag... | the qu | 95,875 |
57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55 | Yuan_dynasty | In the China of the Yuan, or Mongol era, various important developments in the arts occurred or continued in their development, including the areas of painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater, with many great artists and writers being famous today. Due to the coming together of painting, poetry, and call... | What was a popular type of variety show during the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
1281,
1281,
1281
],
"text": [
"zaju",
"zaju",
"zaju"
]
} | What was a popular type of variety show during the [MASK]? | [
0.1559385061264038,
-0.24378521740436554,
0.11810199916362762,
0.27013924717903137,
-0.061171308159828186,
-0.05761634185910225,
0.2390933632850647,
0.4949641823768616,
-0.25114959478378296,
-0.007748712785542011,
-0.23135943710803986,
0.12719324231147766,
-0.12883467972278595,
0.019273573... | Comcast has also earned a reputation for being anti-union. According to one of the company's training manuals, "Comcast does not feel union representation is in the best interest of its employees, customers, or shareholders". A dispute in 2004 with CWA, a labor union that represented many employees at Comcast's offices... | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kub... | zaju | 95,876 |
57287fec4b864d1900164a3c | Yuan_dynasty | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | Which khanates had converted to Islam? | {
"answer_start": [
221,
243,
221
],
"text": [
"western",
"Yuan dynasty",
"western"
]
} | Which khanates had converted to [MASK]? | [
-0.07905086129903793,
0.17239145934581757,
-0.34108904004096985,
0.019125429913401604,
-0.21539901196956635,
0.5009139180183411,
0.6018686294555664,
-0.12452655285596848,
0.05658377334475517,
-0.09578513354063034,
-0.24248471856117249,
-0.10804855823516846,
-0.4818873107433319,
0.215045213... | The local councils are responsible for providing the functions set out in the Local Government Act 1989 such as urban planning and waste management. Most other government services are provided or regulated by the Victorian state government, which governs from Parliament House in Spring Street. These include services wh... | Modern Mongolian historians say that towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women. However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary... | The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as "A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kub... | western | 95,877 |
57287fec4b864d1900164a3d | Yuan_dynasty | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | Which religion did Kublai prefer? | {
"answer_start": [
345,
345,
345
],
"text": [
"Buddhism, especially the Tibetan variants",
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
]
} | Which religion did [MASK] prefer? | [
0.21901835501194,
0.042958006262779236,
-0.2702842652797699,
0.03695489093661308,
-0.06375730782747269,
0.4483039379119873,
0.45441076159477234,
0.20892585813999176,
-0.06163860484957695,
-0.07689855247735977,
-0.04943164065480232,
0.16434399783611298,
-0.11376342177391052,
-0.165390282869... | Current circulating in one antenna generally induces a voltage across the feedpoint of nearby antennas or antenna elements. The mathematics presented below are useful in analyzing the electrical behaviour of antenna arrays, where the properties of the individual array elements (such as half wave dipoles) are already kn... | Modern Mongolian historians say that towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women. However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary... | However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist sentiment" amongst Tibetans, and to "remove all traces of Mongol suzerainty." Georges Dreyfus,... | Buddhism, especially the Tibetan variants | 95,878 |
57287fec4b864d1900164a3e | Yuan_dynasty | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | What was the Yuan's unofficial state religion? | {
"answer_start": [
401,
401,
401
],
"text": [
"Tibetan Buddhism",
"Tibetan Buddhism",
"Tibetan Buddhism"
]
} | What was the [MASK] 's unofficial state religion? | [
0.23007157444953918,
0.27511125802993774,
-0.15073160827159882,
0.10994124412536621,
-0.2745879590511322,
0.18351496756076813,
0.5978365540504456,
0.2491772621870041,
-0.15165719389915466,
0.16628307104110718,
-0.2344619631767273,
-0.08631394803524017,
-0.12196068465709686,
-0.001981608103... | As a doctoral student at Germany's University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Karlheinz Brandenburg began working on digital music compression in the early 1980s, focusing on how people perceive music. He completed his doctoral work in 1989. MP3 is directly descended from OCF and PXFM, representing the outcome of the collaborat... | Modern Mongolian historians say that towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women. However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary... | The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Greg... | Tibetan Buddhism | 95,879 |
57287fec4b864d1900164a3f | Yuan_dynasty | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | What government agency supervised Buddhist monks? | {
"answer_start": [
526,
526,
522
],
"text": [
"Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs",
"Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs",
"the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs"
]
} | What government agency supervised [MASK] monks? | [
0.2910619080066681,
0.45503026247024536,
-0.1353791505098343,
0.21772801876068115,
-0.08195224404335022,
-0.16901755332946777,
0.5345253348350525,
-0.1888786256313324,
-0.16045571863651276,
0.4299521744251251,
-0.35179248452186584,
0.3899879455566406,
-0.15800818800926208,
-0.3314078450202... | When they lost power, the old Whig leadership dissolved into a decade of factional chaos with distinct "Grenvillite", "Bedfordite", "Rockinghamite", and "Chathamite" factions successively in power, and all referring to themselves as "Whigs". Out of this chaos, the first distinctive parties emerged. The first such party... | Modern Mongolian historians say that towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women. However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary... | Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the ... | Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs | 95,880 |
57287fec4b864d1900164a40 | Yuan_dynasty | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | What was Kublai's favorite sect of Tibetan Buddhism? | {
"answer_start": [
710,
710,
710
],
"text": [
"Sakya",
"Sakya sect",
"Sakya sect"
]
} | What was [MASK] 's favorite sect of [MASK]? | [
0.24228860437870026,
0.05207528918981552,
-0.19523881375789642,
0.022169804200530052,
-0.30415356159210205,
0.06335970014333725,
0.4718462824821472,
0.21503746509552002,
-0.02686486393213272,
-0.041161682456731796,
-0.13492190837860107,
0.0639515221118927,
-0.10470343381166458,
0.032306540... | During the second half of the 19th century Dutch was banned from all levels of education by both Prussia and France and lost most of its functions as a cultural language. In both Germany and France the Dutch standard language is largely absent and speakers of these Dutch dialects will use German or French in everyday s... | Modern Mongolian historians say that towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women. However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary... | Meanwhile, the Tumed Mongols began moving into the Kokonor region (modern Qinghai), raiding the Ming Chinese frontier and even as far as the suburbs of Beijing under Altan Khan (1507–1582). Klieger writes that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet. After Altan Khan ... | Sakya | 95,881 |
5728804b4b864d1900164a46 | Yuan_dynasty | Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations ... | When was Zhu Shijie born? | {
"answer_start": [
110,
110,
110
],
"text": [
"1249",
"1249",
"1249"
]
} | When was [MASK] born? | [
0.015196277759969234,
0.029293065890669823,
-0.002456465270370245,
0.21643570065498352,
0.1761319488286972,
0.3747348189353943,
0.11066780239343643,
-0.031636156141757965,
-0.0593518503010273,
0.16746151447296143,
0.03924230858683586,
-0.106625996530056,
0.011241807602345943,
0.14756046235... | On October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia, which raises the possibility of actually locating the ruler's long-lost burial site. Folklore says that a river was diverted over his grave to make it impossible to find (the same ... | In the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also contained in othe... | In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet. Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407. | 1249 | 95,882 |
5728804b4b864d1900164a47 | Yuan_dynasty | Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations ... | When did Zhu Shijie die? | {
"answer_start": [
115,
115,
115
],
"text": [
"1314",
"1314",
"1314"
]
} | When did [MASK] die? | [
0.06417364627122879,
0.08085041493177414,
-0.1327695995569229,
0.08700866252183914,
0.07467421144247055,
0.20603527128696442,
0.1784200817346573,
-0.050077326595783234,
-0.07547913491725922,
0.15900878608226776,
-0.16103984415531158,
-0.04881667718291283,
-0.010109922848641872,
0.187858656... | BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts are in DVB-compliant MPEG-2, with the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films, although these are only accessible with a Sky+ box. Sky+ HD material is broadcast using MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 st... | In the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also contained in othe... | Since its invention in 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved in the court until the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long st... | 1314 | 95,883 |
5728804b4b864d1900164a48 | Yuan_dynasty | Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations ... | What modern math concept did Zhu Shijie do work similar to? | {
"answer_start": [
240,
240,
240
],
"text": [
"matrices",
"matrices",
"matrices"
]
} | What modern math concept did [MASK] do work similar to? | [
0.0387670062482357,
0.24347347021102905,
0.19761447608470917,
0.04094517230987549,
-0.049766652286052704,
0.033903151750564575,
0.0397799015045166,
-0.21103434264659882,
0.14348040521144867,
-0.14447520673274994,
-0.16244693100452423,
-0.07250409573316574,
-0.040629882365465164,
0.08704993... | The Fed then raised the Fed funds rate significantly between July 2004 and July 2006. This contributed to an increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) rates, making ARM interest rate resets more expensive for homeowners. This may have also contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble, as asset ... | In the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also contained in othe... | Mathematics: The earliest traces of mathematical knowledge in the Indian subcontinent appear with the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 4th millennium BC ~ c. 3rd millennium BC). The people of this civilization made bricks whose dimensions were in the proportion 4:2:1, considered favorable for the stability of a brick stru... | matrices | 95,884 |
5728804b4b864d1900164a49 | Yuan_dynasty | Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations ... | What type of math was advanced during the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
12,
12,
12
],
"text": [
"polynomial algebra",
"polynomial algebra",
"polynomial algebra"
]
} | What type of math was advanced during the [MASK]? | [
-0.20497861504554749,
0.14751002192497253,
-0.1329023540019989,
0.3352029323577881,
-0.035787343978881836,
0.310804545879364,
0.19402097165584564,
0.04833826795220375,
-0.10798392444849014,
-0.31973716616630554,
-0.13340353965759277,
-0.029320217669010162,
0.48836368322372437,
-0.044378720... | SC Bern is the major ice hockey team of Bern who plays at the PostFinance Arena. The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade. The PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship, including the opening game and the final of the tournament... | In the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also contained in othe... | Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that l... | polynomial algebra | 95,885 |
5728804b4b864d1900164a4a | Yuan_dynasty | Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations ... | When did Zhu publish 'Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns'? | {
"answer_start": [
440,
440,
440
],
"text": [
"1303",
"1303",
"1303"
]
} | When did [MASK] publish' [MASK]'? | [
0.06205357238650322,
0.18302413821220398,
-0.07723236083984375,
-0.058662768453359604,
-0.2441440224647522,
0.20705224573612213,
0.03884738311171532,
-0.19980651140213013,
-0.024182965978980064,
0.4126127362251282,
-0.24155034124851227,
0.11620932817459106,
-0.11870963871479034,
0.00092897... | Possessing a mezzo-soprano vocal range, Madonna has always been self-conscious about her voice, especially in comparison to her vocal idols such as Ella Fitzgerald, Prince, and Chaka Khan. Mark Bego, author of Madonna: Blonde Ambition, called her "the perfect vocalist for lighter-than-air songs", despite not being a "h... | In the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also contained in othe... | Astronomy: Astronomical observations from China constitute the longest continuous sequence from any civilisation and include records of sunspots (112 records from 364 BC), supernovas (1054), lunar and solar eclipses. By the 12th century, they could reasonably accurately make predictions of eclipses, but the knowledge o... | 1303 | 95,886 |
5728809f2ca10214002da40c | Yuan_dynasty | Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars. He was one of the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations. His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons, was disseminated in 12... | What did Guo Shoujing do for calendars? | {
"answer_start": [
13,
13,
13
],
"text": [
"applied mathematics to the construction of calendars",
"applied mathematics",
"applied mathematics"
]
} | What did [MASK] do for calendars? | [
0.4461713433265686,
0.23120704293251038,
-0.035885509103536606,
0.31475740671157837,
0.35729238390922546,
0.2162158042192459,
-0.23981422185897827,
0.2530132532119751,
-0.366136759519577,
0.1538834273815155,
0.037876978516578674,
0.16478028893470764,
-0.12949684262275696,
-0.31695765256881... | A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations. | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had "Four Great Schools" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four schools were based on the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine. Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of t... | applied mathematics to the construction of calendars | 95,887 |
5728809f2ca10214002da40d | Yuan_dynasty | Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars. He was one of the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations. His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons, was disseminated in 12... | What did Gou use for astronomy? | {
"answer_start": [
162,
164,
154
],
"text": [
"a cubic interpolation formula",
"cubic interpolation formula",
"derived a cubic interpolation formula"
]
} | What did [MASK] use for astronomy? | [
0.292502760887146,
0.2270938903093338,
-0.251592218875885,
0.1010637879371643,
0.004483171738684177,
0.07144612073898315,
-0.12265990674495697,
0.09860581159591675,
-0.033062852919101715,
0.056743375957012177,
-0.21418528258800507,
0.11350240558385849,
-0.09445491433143616,
-0.144205287098... | When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair... | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | The Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC, enabled farmers to ... | a cubic interpolation formula | 95,888 |
5728809f2ca10214002da40e | Yuan_dynasty | Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars. He was one of the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations. His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons, was disseminated in 12... | What was the Chinese name of Gou's calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
245,
257,
257
],
"text": [
"Shoushi Li",
"授時暦",
"授時暦"
]
} | What was the [MASK] name of [MASK] 's calendar? | [
0.2807747423648834,
0.1824663281440735,
0.04118628427386284,
0.1720091849565506,
-0.1354409009218216,
0.1785481572151184,
-0.10118700563907623,
0.27776265144348145,
-0.4504747688770294,
-0.04554004967212677,
-0.1305391490459442,
-0.018547864630818367,
-0.04514230415225029,
0.04128872975707... | Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Its economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at... | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | Astronomy: Astronomical observations from China constitute the longest continuous sequence from any civilisation and include records of sunspots (112 records from 364 BC), supernovas (1054), lunar and solar eclipses. By the 12th century, they could reasonably accurately make predictions of eclipses, but the knowledge o... | Shoushi Li | 95,889 |
5728809f2ca10214002da40f | Yuan_dynasty | Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars. He was one of the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations. His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons, was disseminated in 12... | What was the English name of Gou's calendar? | {
"answer_start": [
265,
265,
265
],
"text": [
"Calendar for Fixing the Seasons",
"Calendar for Fixing the Seasons",
"Calendar for Fixing the Seasons"
]
} | What was the [MASK] name of [MASK] 's calendar? | [
0.2807747423648834,
0.1824663281440735,
0.04118628427386284,
0.1720091849565506,
-0.1354409009218216,
0.1785481572151184,
-0.10118700563907623,
0.27776265144348145,
-0.4504747688770294,
-0.04554004967212677,
-0.1305391490459442,
-0.018547864630818367,
-0.04514230415225029,
0.04128872975707... | At the University of Arizona, where records have been kept since 1894, the record maximum temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on June 19, 1960, and July 28, 1995, and the record minimum temperature was 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 7, 1913. There are an average of 150.1 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an ... | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | The Shang dynasty oracle bone script and the Zhou dynasty scripts found on Chinese bronze inscriptions are no longer used; the oldest script that is still in use today is the Seal Script (篆書(书), zhuànshū). It evolved organically out of the Spring and Autumn period Zhou script, and was adopted in a standardized form und... | Calendar for Fixing the Seasons | 95,890 |
5728809f2ca10214002da410 | Yuan_dynasty | Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars. He was one of the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations. His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons, was disseminated in 12... | When did Gou's calendar become the official calendar of the Yuan? | {
"answer_start": [
318,
318,
318
],
"text": [
"1281",
"1281",
"1281"
]
} | When did [MASK] 's calendar become the official calendar of the [MASK]? | [
0.18005912005901337,
0.29777950048446655,
0.06754638254642487,
0.017953699454665184,
-0.21903331577777863,
0.16417761147022247,
0.023337211459875107,
0.19604939222335815,
-0.4216325581073761,
-0.10853174328804016,
-0.13572415709495544,
0.04207444190979004,
-0.15214575827121735,
0.026991415... | Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine; Douglas fir, larch, spruce; aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder; rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, prim... | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | By the late Eastern Han period, an early form of semi-cursive script appeared, developing out of a cursively written form of neo-clerical script[c] and simple cursive. This semi-cursive script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng c. 147–188 AD,[d] although such attributions refer to early masters of a script rat... | 1281 | 95,891 |
572881022ca10214002da416 | Yuan_dynasty | The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans. The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism. Physicians received o... | Who were otachi? | {
"answer_start": [
87,
87,
87
],
"text": [
"non-Mongol physicians",
"non-Mongol physicians",
"non-Mongol physicians"
]
} | Who were [MASK]? | [
0.4550754129886627,
0.22506514191627502,
-0.1486637145280838,
0.29213863611221313,
-0.04498174414038658,
0.1736314296722412,
0.2060987502336502,
-0.1803201287984848,
-0.2672778367996216,
-0.026830529794096947,
-0.1992931067943573,
0.19971491396427155,
-0.2794244587421417,
-0.18082964420318... | Some clock-shift problems could be avoided by adjusting clocks continuously or at least more gradually—for example, Willett at first suggested weekly 20-minute transitions—but this would add complexity and has never been implemented. | Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolish... | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | non-Mongol physicians | 95,892 |
572881022ca10214002da417 | Yuan_dynasty | The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans. The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism. Physicians received o... | What type of medicine did otachi focus on? | {
"answer_start": [
212,
212,
212
],
"text": [
"herbal remedies",
"herbal",
"herbal remedies"
]
} | What type of medicine did [MASK] focus on? | [
0.39648541808128357,
0.15670862793922424,
-0.28841739892959595,
0.04306890442967415,
0.08621534705162048,
0.21562284231185913,
0.17689567804336548,
-0.14853788912296295,
0.14805632829666138,
-0.10446439683437347,
0.06478244811296463,
0.1792820543050766,
0.03299793601036072,
0.0515752583742... | It's not clear, however that this stereotypical view reflects the reality of East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries. In Japan, for example, although average attainment on standardized tests may exceed those in Western countries, classroom... | Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolish... | Originally the Emperor and non-warrior nobility employed these warrior nobles. In time, they amassed enough manpower, resources and political backing in the form of alliances with one another, to establish the first samurai-dominated government. As the power of these regional clans grew, their chief was typically a dis... | herbal remedies | 95,893 |
572881022ca10214002da418 | Yuan_dynasty | The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans. The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism. Physicians received o... | What type of medicine did Mongol shamans use? | {
"answer_start": [
262,
262,
262
],
"text": [
"spiritual cures",
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
]
} | What type of medicine did [MASK] shamans use? | [
0.27834558486938477,
0.5561996102333069,
-0.11193554848432541,
-0.0543791837990284,
-0.07406140863895416,
0.23968040943145752,
0.6841855049133301,
-0.0784054845571518,
-0.07214303314685822,
-0.09233029186725616,
0.18714392185211182,
0.12584559619426727,
0.10047061741352081,
-0.281398564577... | Following a headlining set at Coachella 2011 that was described by The Hollywood Reporter as "one of greatest hip-hop sets of all time", West released the collaborative album Watch the Throne with Jay-Z. By employing a sales strategy that released the album digitally weeks before its physical counterpart, Watch the Thr... | Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolish... | The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty. It was the khanate ruled by the successors of Möngke Khan after the division of the Mongol Empire. In official Chinese histories, the Yuan dynasty bore the Mandate of Heaven, following the Song dynasty and preceding th... | spiritual cures | 95,894 |
572881022ca10214002da419 | Yuan_dynasty | The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans. The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism. Physicians received o... | What department did Kublai create to train doctors? | {
"answer_start": [
421,
421,
421
],
"text": [
"Imperial Academy of Medicine",
"Imperial Academy of Medicine",
"Imperial Academy of Medicine"
]
} | What department did [MASK] create to train doctors? | [
0.38116633892059326,
0.08690182119607925,
-0.12581756711006165,
0.12127482891082764,
0.08630172908306122,
0.160988911986351,
0.12211637198925018,
-0.290948748588562,
0.05930110439658165,
-0.13903799653053284,
0.1525740772485733,
0.16265550255775452,
-0.03716195747256279,
0.2103782296180725... | Montana schoolchildren played a significant role in selecting several state symbols. The state tree, the ponderosa pine, was selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree by an overwhelming majority in a referendum held in 1908. However, the legislature did not designate a state tree until 1949, when t... | Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolish... | There were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty had dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China. However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan, the founder of t... | Imperial Academy of Medicine | 95,895 |
572881022ca10214002da41a | Yuan_dynasty | The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans. The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism. Physicians received o... | Why did Confucians like the medical field? | {
"answer_start": [
580,
580,
580
],
"text": [
"it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues",
"it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues",
"it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confu... | Why did [MASK] like the medical field? | [
0.5346710681915283,
0.13183379173278809,
-0.1274009495973587,
0.18543019890785217,
-0.040535036474466324,
0.021853307262063026,
-0.01733493059873581,
0.06165926903486252,
0.08551938831806183,
-0.10534123331308365,
0.03476398438215256,
0.21458154916763306,
-0.07718279957771301,
0.0568716078... | Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral D... | Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolish... | The Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the Peiwen Yunfu, a rhyme ... | it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues | 95,896 |
572881704b864d1900164a50 | Yuan_dynasty | The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had "Four Great Schools" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four schools were based on the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine. Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of t... | How many schools of medicine were recognized in China? | {
"answer_start": [
117,
47,
47
],
"text": [
"four",
"Four",
"Four"
]
} | How many schools of medicine were recognized in [MASK]? | [
0.4923490285873413,
0.2655062973499298,
0.1212262511253357,
0.08979564905166626,
0.06347165256738663,
0.3035423159599304,
0.2449909895658493,
-0.0818139985203743,
0.013492236845195293,
-0.1121508851647377,
0.0024123969487845898,
0.13842324912548065,
0.02605227753520012,
0.2821930944919586,... | Hellenistic military equipment was generally characterized by an increase in size. Hellenistic-era warships grew from the trireme to include more banks of oars and larger numbers of rowers and soldiers as in the Quadrireme and Quinquereme. The Ptolemaic Tessarakonteres was the largest ship constructed in Antiquity. New... | Chinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western military technology in... | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube ro... | four | 95,897 |
572881704b864d1900164a51 | Yuan_dynasty | The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had "Four Great Schools" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four schools were based on the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine. Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of t... | How did the Yuan come to have the 4 schools of medicine? | {
"answer_start": [
81,
81,
81
],
"text": [
"inherited from the Jin dynasty",
"inherited from the Jin dynasty",
"inherited from the Jin dynasty"
]
} | How did the [MASK] come to have the [MASK] schools of medicine? | [
0.2753293514251709,
0.12065941840410233,
0.051692791283130646,
0.07115359604358673,
0.06418205797672272,
0.10708118230104446,
0.047043703496456146,
-0.009067065082490444,
-0.08535180985927582,
-0.33065611124038696,
-0.008618404157459736,
0.05948537960648537,
0.002684336155653,
0.2626903355... | San Diego was ranked as the 20th-safest city in America in 2013 by Business Insider. According to Forbes magazine, San Diego was the ninth-safest city in the top 10 list of safest cities in the U.S. in 2010. Like most major cities, San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000. Crime in San Diego increased in ... | Chinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western military technology in... | Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circul... | inherited from the Jin dynasty | 95,898 |
572881704b864d1900164a52 | Yuan_dynasty | The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had "Four Great Schools" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four schools were based on the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine. Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of t... | How did Chinese medicine spread? | {
"answer_start": [
331,
301,
242
],
"text": [
"Chinese physicians were brought along military campaigns by the Mongols",
"to other parts of the empire",
"Under the Mongols"
]
} | How did [MASK] medicine spread? | [
0.28102728724479675,
0.01738310419023037,
0.11357001960277557,
-0.09336236119270325,
0.21431489288806915,
-0.0472208634018898,
0.35296064615249634,
-0.25264468789100647,
-0.024714017286896706,
-0.23253221809864044,
0.11721266806125641,
-0.2428538203239441,
-0.031039215624332428,
0.31737205... | The Kabul Shahi dynasties ruled the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century. The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred ... | Chinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western military technology in... | As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also en... | Chinese physicians were brought along military campaigns by the Mongols | 95,899 |
572881704b864d1900164a53 | Yuan_dynasty | The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had "Four Great Schools" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four schools were based on the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine. Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of t... | What techniques did Chinese medicine include? | {
"answer_start": [
473,
473,
473
],
"text": [
"acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs",
"acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs",
"acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs"
]
} | What techniques did [MASK] medicine include? | [
0.20508383214473724,
0.18899475038051605,
-0.21790443360805511,
0.026560038328170776,
0.07670552283525467,
0.2695406675338745,
0.3941839039325714,
-0.5144638419151306,
0.04902198910713196,
-0.10095193237066269,
0.026847410947084427,
0.19663608074188232,
0.20101550221443176,
-0.123642228543... | Some USB devices require more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port. This is common for external hard and optical disc drives, and generally for devices with motors or lamps. Such devices can use an external power supply, which is allowed by the standard, or use a dual-input USB cable, one inp... | Chinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western military technology in... | In the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras spread to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and were translated into Chinese. During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism (from the 8th century onwards), Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia. | acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs | 95,900 |
572881704b864d1900164a54 | Yuan_dynasty | The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had "Four Great Schools" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four schools were based on the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine. Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of t... | When did Wei Yilin die? | {
"answer_start": [
711,
711,
711
],
"text": [
"1347",
"1347",
"1347"
]
} | When did [MASK] die? | [
0.06417364627122879,
0.08085041493177414,
-0.1327695995569229,
0.08700866252183914,
0.07467421144247055,
0.20603527128696442,
0.1784200817346573,
-0.050077326595783234,
-0.07547913491725922,
0.15900878608226776,
-0.16103984415531158,
-0.04881667718291283,
-0.010109922848641872,
0.187858656... | By August 1805, Napoleon had realized that the strategic situation had changed fundamentally. Facing a potential invasion from his continental enemies, he decided to strike first and turned his army's sights from the English Channel to the Rhine. His basic objective was to destroy the isolated Austrian armies in Southe... | Chinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western military technology in... | Chinese political philosophy dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period, specifically with Confucius in the 6th century BC. Chinese political philosophy was developed as a response to the social and political breakdown of the country characteristic of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period. The majo... | 1347 | 95,901 |
572881d34b864d1900164a5a | Yuan_dynasty | Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospita... | What was huihui? | {
"answer_start": [
136,
136,
136
],
"text": [
"Muslim medicine",
"Muslim medicine",
"Muslim medicine"
]
} | What was [MASK]? | [
0.08676617592573166,
0.14812324941158295,
-0.07547944039106369,
0.20092740654945374,
-0.13700741529464722,
-0.08556003868579865,
0.1630350649356842,
-0.08299196511507034,
-0.1297876089811325,
0.25773319602012634,
-0.1710532307624817,
-0.09957657754421234,
-0.17063665390014648,
0.1887273192... | Due to its very low elevation, the Marshall Islands are threatened by the potential effects of sea level rise. According to the president of Nauru, the Marshall Islands are the most endangered nation in the world due to flooding from climate change. | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than ... | Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia, of growing numbers of Chinese in the northwest and southwest. Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism (especially Tibetan Bu... | Muslim medicine | 95,902 |
572881d34b864d1900164a5b | Yuan_dynasty | Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospita... | Who founded the Office of Western Medicine? | {
"answer_start": [
177,
177,
177
],
"text": [
"Jesus the Interpreter",
"Jesus the Interpreter",
"Jesus the Interpreter"
]
} | Who founded [MASK]? | [
0.3713317811489105,
0.15973110496997833,
-0.12306336313486099,
0.11018593609333038,
-0.017032183706760406,
0.18392585217952728,
-0.2559506595134735,
-0.2410389631986618,
-0.15349188446998596,
0.21313953399658203,
-0.09752324968576431,
-0.023047329857945442,
-0.15885420143604279,
0.19859635... | The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining wo... | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than ... | In 1661 another Jesuit, Johann Grueber, crossed Tibet from Sining to Lhasa (where he spent a month), before heading on to Nepal. He was followed by others who actually built a church in Lhasa. These included the Jesuit Father Ippolito Desideri, 1716–1721, who gained a deep knowledge of Tibetan culture, language and Bud... | Jesus the Interpreter | 95,903 |
572881d34b864d1900164a5c | Yuan_dynasty | Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospita... | When was the Office of Western Medicine founded? | {
"answer_start": [
241,
241,
241
],
"text": [
"1263",
"1263",
"1263"
]
} | When was [MASK] founded? | [
0.29693177342414856,
0.18783454596996307,
-0.07827585935592651,
-0.029919972643256187,
-0.03445253521203995,
0.04098855331540108,
-0.11385875195264816,
0.031207503750920296,
-0.18727439641952515,
0.09354860335588455,
0.09547635912895203,
-0.031113604083657265,
-0.026377439498901367,
0.1293... | On February 12, 2014, the Los Angeles Times reported that Comcast sought to acquire Time Warner Cable in a deal valued at $45.2 billion. On February 13, it was reported that Time Warner Cable agreed to the acquisition. This was to add several metropolitan areas to the Comcast portfolio, such as New York City, Los Angel... | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than ... | Buddhism began to spread throughout Japan during the Heian period, primarily through two major esoteric sects, Tendai and Shingon. Tendai originated in China and is based on the Lotus Sutra, one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism; Saichō was key to its transmission to Japan. Shingon is the Japanese trans... | 1263 | 95,904 |
572881d34b864d1900164a5d | Yuan_dynasty | Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospita... | What aspect of Western medicine did the Chinese dislike? | {
"answer_start": [
451,
451,
455
],
"text": [
"its humoral system",
"its humoral system",
"humoral system"
]
} | What aspect of [MASK] medicine did the [MASK] dislike? | [
0.19838811457157135,
0.3825884163379669,
-0.10366757214069366,
-0.023066233843564987,
-0.26241737604141235,
0.08625734597444534,
0.4127461314201355,
-0.15321695804595947,
0.35234931111335754,
-0.018614109605550766,
0.02023393288254738,
0.2135625183582306,
-0.06078549847006798,
0.2638152539... | In response to the 2007 United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates accepted in June 2009 the resignations of Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force General T. Michael Moseley. Moseley's successor, General Norton A. Schwartz, a former tac... | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than ... | In the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras spread to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and were translated into Chinese. During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism (from the 8th century onwards), Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia. | its humoral system | 95,905 |
572881d34b864d1900164a5e | Yuan_dynasty | Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospita... | What philosophies underlay Chinese medicine? | {
"answer_start": [
487,
487,
487
],
"text": [
"yin-yang and wuxing",
"yin-yang and wuxing",
"yin-yang and wuxing philosophy"
]
} | What philosophies underlay [MASK] medicine? | [
0.5065935254096985,
0.3424995243549347,
0.0059846737422049046,
0.018431903794407845,
0.1996949166059494,
0.2712514102458954,
0.28014177083969116,
0.04486827552318573,
0.1900881975889206,
-0.39055004715919495,
-0.1481453776359558,
0.12602530419826508,
-0.09897634387016296,
-0.08146297186613... | On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July ... | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than ... | A rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty. The major cultural achievements were the development of drama and the novel and the increased use of the written vernacular. The political unity of China and much of central Asia promoted trade between East and West. The Mongols' extensive West Asian and Euro... | yin-yang and wuxing | 95,906 |
572882242ca10214002da420 | Yuan_dynasty | The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most p... | How did the Mongols acquire Chinese printing technology? | {
"answer_start": [
116,
116,
116
],
"text": [
"through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries",
"through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries",
"through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries"
]
} | How did the [MASK] acquire [MASK] printing technology? | [
0.16708800196647644,
0.13180701434612274,
0.24166592955589294,
0.35108062624931335,
0.5108301639556885,
0.17310813069343567,
-0.3786385953426361,
-0.07786882668733597,
-0.17469379305839539,
0.10954452306032181,
-0.1923232227563858,
0.08040663599967957,
0.13945281505584717,
0.22979807853698... | West has been an outspoken and controversial celebrity throughout his career, receiving both criticism and praise from many, including the mainstream media, other artists and entertainers, and two U.S. presidents. On September 2, 2005, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief on NBC, A Concert for Hurrican... | Genghis Khan united the Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol empire across Asia. Under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty in 1234, conquering most of northern China. Ögedei offered his n... | Modern Mongolian historians say that towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women. However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary... | through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries | 95,907 |
572882242ca10214002da421 | Yuan_dynasty | The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most p... | Who wrote the Nong Shu? | {
"answer_start": [
197,
197,
197
],
"text": [
"Wang Zhen",
"Wang Zhen",
"Wang Zhen"
]
} | Who wrote [MASK]? | [
0.1946128010749817,
0.187567338347435,
-0.15875846147537231,
0.11951114237308502,
0.13899530470371246,
0.2765751779079437,
-0.014791164547204971,
-0.3640558421611786,
0.057697732001543045,
0.1203075647354126,
-0.13500390946865082,
0.1888694018125534,
-0.13535833358764648,
-0.16923320293426... | New York City is home to Fort Hamilton, the U.S. military's only active duty installation within the city. Established in 1825 in Brooklyn on the site of a small battery utilized during the American Revolution, it is one of America's longest serving military forts. Today Fort Hamilton serves as the headquarters of the ... | Genghis Khan united the Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol empire across Asia. Under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty in 1234, conquering most of northern China. Ögedei offered his n... | According to the official Twenty-Four Histories, the History of Ming compiled in 1739 by the subsequent Qing dynasty (1644–1912), the Ming dynasty established the "É-Lì-Sī Army-Civilian Marshal Office" (Chinese: 俄力思軍民元帥府) in western Tibet and installed the "Ü-Tsang Itinerant High Commandery" and "Amdo-Kham Itinerant Hi... | Wang Zhen | 95,908 |
572882242ca10214002da422 | Yuan_dynasty | The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries. Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century. However, most p... | When was earthenware movable type invented? | {
"answer_start": [
284,
291,
287
],
"text": [
"in the 12th century",
"12th century",
"the 12th century"
]
} | When was earthenware movable type invented? | [
-0.09205424785614014,
0.2820833921432495,
-0.08161001652479172,
0.09500905126333237,
0.2590712606906891,
0.661783754825592,
-0.10497062653303146,
0.05655490979552269,
-0.18657799065113068,
-0.2153361439704895,
0.09446191042661667,
0.2168169468641281,
-0.07511622458696365,
0.077444754540920... | The Grainger Market replaced an earlier market originally built in 1808 called the Butcher Market. The Grainger Market itself, was opened in 1835 and was Newcastle's first indoor market. At the time of its opening in 1835 it was said to be one of the largest and most beautiful markets in Europe. The opening was celebra... | Genghis Khan united the Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes and became Great Khan in 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol empire across Asia. Under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty in 1234, conquering most of northern China. Ögedei offered his n... | Evidence found in Chinese literature, and archaeological evidence, show that cartography existed in China before the Han. Some of the earliest Han maps discovered were ink-penned silk maps found amongst the Mawangdui Silk Texts in a 2nd-century-BC tomb. The general Ma Yuan created the world's first known raised-relief ... | in the 12th century | 95,909 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.