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In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "f...
What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called?
{'text': 'Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail', 'answer_start': 70}
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In January 1938, Milt Gabler started recording for his new label, Commodore Records, and to allow for longer continuous performances, he recorded some 12-inch records. Eddie Condon explained: "Gabler realized that a jam session needs room for development." The first two 12-inch recordings did not take advantage of the ...
What was a way musicians got sounds such short recording times?
{'text': 'release a set of records', 'answer_start': 832}
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Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito met with the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia, Aloysius Stepinac on 4 June 1945, two days after his release from imprisonment. The two could not reach an agreement on the state of the Catholic Church. Under Stepinac's leadership, the bishops' conference released a letter...
What was Stepinac's sentence shortened to?
{'text': 'house-arrest', 'answer_start': 826}
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Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected an...
What job was Jesse McReynolds a part of?
{'text': 'Jim and Jesse', 'answer_start': 116}
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"Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period," said Myron Orfield, professor of law at the University of Minnesota. "Had that gone the other way, it would have opened the door to fixing nearly all of Detroit's current problems." John Mogk, a professor of law and an expert in urban planning at Wa...
At which school did Myron Orfield teach?
{'text': 'University of Minnesota', 'answer_start': 115}
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In Du "Cubisme" Metzinger and Gleizes explicitly related the sense of time to multiple perspective, giving symbolic expression to the notion of ‘duration’ proposed by the philosopher Henri Bergson according to which life is subjectively experienced as a continuum, with the past flowing into the present and the present ...
The Cubist used what kind of treatment of space and time?
{'text': 'The Salon Cubists', 'answer_start': 345}
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The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War and the president's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ialá was elected president.
Who controlled the country prior to 1984?
{'text': 'a revolutionary council', 'answer_start': 30}
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The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and c...
Who was the father of the German Constitution?
{'text': 'Hugo Preuss', 'answer_start': 124}
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According to Paul Martin, Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried that the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister. Tony Benn said that the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding dow...
About whom was Elizabeth worried in the 1970s?
{'text': 'Pierre Trudeau', 'answer_start': 117}
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James Rassmann, a Green Beret advisor who was aboard Kerry's PCF-94, was knocked overboard when, according to witnesses and the documentation of the event, a mine or rocket exploded close to the boat. According to the documentation for the event, Kerry's arm was injured when he was thrown against a bulkhead during the ...
What medal did Kerry earn for rescuing Rassmann?
{'text': 'the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V"', 'answer_start': 448}
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Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngu...
Who publicly argued at a press conference?
{'text': 'Australian and Chinese officials', 'answer_start': 698}
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The arts of Southeast Asia have affinity with the arts of other areas. Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience. Most of Southeast Asia introduced dance into their court; i...
Which dance was famous for strong feet & hand movements?
{'text': 'Apsara Dance', 'answer_start': 472}
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Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the...
What part of the Aeneid is the longest?
{'text': 'the last sections of the poem', 'answer_start': 1046}
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Evolutionary anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and the relation between hominins and non-hominin primates. Evolutionary anthropology is based in natural science and social science, combining the human development with socioeconomic factors. Evolutionary...
What is evolutionary anthropology based in?
{'text': 'natural science and social science', 'answer_start': 212}
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Postwar broadcast coverage was extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, and by the mid-1950s most of the country was covered, transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF.[original research?]
Which facility brought the BBC's transmissions to Birmingham?
{'text': 'Sutton Coldfield transmitting station', 'answer_start': 86}
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Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a similar term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to th...
What time period is known at the common practice period?
{'text': 'between 1550 and 1900', 'answer_start': 450}
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Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. The result caused uproar across Europe. Because of Prussia's alliance with Britain, Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war. Reluctantly, by follo...
The smaller German states joined which side?
{'text': 'Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states', 'answer_start': 405}
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Taira Kiyomori emerged as the real power in Japan following the Minamoto's destruction, and he would remain in command for the next 20 years. He gave his daughter Tokuko in marriage to the young emperor Takakura, who died at only 19, leaving their infant son Antoku to succeed to the throne. Kiyomori filled no less than...
Who's destruction led to Minamoto emering as the real power in Japan?
{'text': 'Taira Kiyomori', 'answer_start': 0}
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Clodius formed armed gangs that terrorised the city and eventually began to attack Pompey's followers, who in response funded counter-gangs formed by Titus Annius Milo. The political alliance of the triumvirate was crumbling. Domitius Ahenobarbus ran for the consulship in 55 BC promising to take Caesar's command from h...
Who was responsible for an expedition against the Parthian Kingdom?
{'text': 'Crassus', 'answer_start': 491}
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The threat that caused Gordon, diplomat and military officer, to publish the article was resumption of work on a railway from Russia to the Persian Gulf. Gordon, a published author, had not used the term previously, but he was to use it from then on.
Who had not used the term middle east previously in publications?
{'text': 'Gordon', 'answer_start': 154}
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In 1993, the newly formed government of Namibia received funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) Project. The Ministry of Environment and Tourism with the financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, ...
When was the Endangered Wildlife Trust started?
{'text': '1993', 'answer_start': 3}
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The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i...
What country relaxed brewing legislation in 1927?
{'text': 'Australia', 'answer_start': 665}
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The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented ...
How slow did Sturgeon and Davenport's motors run?
{'text': '600 revolutions per minute', 'answer_start': 353}
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Greece: On March 24, 2008, the Olympic Flame was ignited at Olympia, Greece, site of the ancient Olympic Games. The actress Maria Nafpliotou, in the role of a High Priestess, ignited the torch of the first torchbearer, a silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis from Greece, who ha...
What is the name of the first torchbearer for the 2008 Olympics?
{'text': 'Alexandros Nikolaidis', 'answer_start': 279}
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In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically we...
Who was annoyed at how well recieved Victoria was on her tours of the countryside of England and Wales?
{'text': 'William', 'answer_start': 349}
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During the 1800s Christian missionaries from Great Britain and the United States followed traders to the Hawaiian islands. Long-termly, the Anglo-Saxon presence negatively impacted the level of regard Hawaiian royal women held for their own indigenous looks. For centuries prior the arrival of Christians, first nation H...
What was dark skin no longer considered a sign of nobility?
{'text': 'centuries prior', 'answer_start': 263}
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Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed b...
In what century was the Egyptian empire prominent?
{'text': '11th century', 'answer_start': 585}
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Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States. Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century. The Susan B. Anth...
When were gold dollars first minted?
{'text': '1794', 'answer_start': 109}
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The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BC) launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced t...
Which confederation defeated the Han in 200 BC?
{'text': 'The Xiongnu', 'answer_start': 0}
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There are two types of transistors, which have slight differences in how they are used in a circuit. A bipolar transistor has terminals labeled base, collector, and emitter. A small current at the base terminal (that is, flowing between the base and the emitter) can control or switch a much larger current between the c...
What is the most common kind of transistor?
{'text': 'field-effect', 'answer_start': 358}
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Another major way to distinguish different memory functions is whether the content to be remembered is in the past, retrospective memory, or in the future, prospective memory. Thus, retrospective memory as a category includes semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory. In contrast, prospective memory is memory for ...
What is a inor way to distinguish different memory functions?
{'text': 'whether the content to be remembered is in the past, retrospective memory, or in the future, prospective memory', 'answer_start': 63}
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On 27 September, MacArthur received the top secret National Security Council Memorandum 81/1 from Truman reminding him that operations north of the 38th parallel were authorized only if "at the time of such operation there was no entry into North Korea by major Soviet or Chinese Communist forces, no announcements of in...
Who controlled the newly restored government of the Republic of Korea?
{'text': 'Syngman Rhee', 'answer_start': 469}
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Traditional morphology-based or appearance-based systematics have usually given the Hexapoda the rank of superclass,:180 and identified four groups within it: insects (Ectognatha), springtails (Collembola), Protura, and Diplura, the latter three being grouped together as the Entognatha on the basis of internalized mout...
Morphology-based and appearance-based are known as what?
{'text': 'systematics', 'answer_start': 49}
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According to Tony Sclafani from MSNBC, "It's worth noting that before Madonna, most music mega-stars were guy rockers; after her, almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America, they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band. Madonna changed it back—with an emphasis on the female." Ho...
Who included Madonna as the most powerful woman of the century?
{'text': 'Time magazine', 'answer_start': 966}
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A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp...
What was considered part of a cappella following the Baroque period?
{'text': 'madrigal', 'answer_start': 235}
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Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fund...
What theory did Whitehead not prefer to the Cartesian concept?
{'text': 'event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another', 'answer_start': 246}
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In Australia, nonprofit organisations include trade unions, charitable entities, co-operatives, universities and hospitals, mutual societies, grass-root and support groups, political parties, religious groups, incorporated associations, not-for-profit companies, trusts and more. Furthermore, they operate across a multi...
What are religious groups considered by the Aboriginal Council?
{'text': 'a sub-set of the nonprofit sector', 'answer_start': 944}
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"Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-...
What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?
{'text': 'Essentials Jr.', 'answer_start': 54}
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In response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation, Fritz Klein developed the Klein sexual orientation grid (KSOG), a multidimensional scale for describing sexual orientation. Introduced in Klein's book The Bisexual Option, the KSOG uses a 7-point scale to assess seven ...
Who invented the KSOG?
{'text': 'Fritz Klein', 'answer_start': 102}
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On 12 January 1938 by Letters Patent the islands were declared a dependency of Saint Helena. Prior to roughly this period, passing ships stopped irregularly at the island for a period of mere hours.
what year were the islands declared dependent of saint helena?
{'text': '1938', 'answer_start': 14}
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Two assumptions underpinned the British approach to HAA fire; first, aimed fire was the primary method and this was enabled by predicting gun data from visually tracking the target and having its height. Second, that the target would maintain a steady course, speed and height. This HAA was to engage targets up to 24,00...
Along with predicting the gun data from tracking the target, what else needed to be known about the target to enable the aimed fire?
{'text': 'its height', 'answer_start': 192}
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The rivalry between Nintendo and Sega resulted in what has been described as one of the most notable console wars in video game history, in which Sega positioned the Genesis as the "cool" console, with more mature titles aimed at older gamers, and edgy advertisements that occasionally attacked the competition. Nintendo...
How many units did SEGA sell in the US?
{'text': 'more than 20 million', 'answer_start': 1017}
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Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prev...
What increases with elevation in the tropasphere?
{'text': 'temperature', 'answer_start': 138}
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In the United States, "Cultural Studies" focuses largely on the study of popular culture, that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. It has since become strongly ass...
In the U.S what does "Cultural Studies" focus largely on in this field?
{'text': 'popular culture', 'answer_start': 73}
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For Hayek, the supposedly stark difference between authoritarianism and totalitarianism has much importance and Hayek places heavy weight on this distinction in his defence of transitional dictatorship. For example, when Hayek visited Venezuela in May 1981, he was asked to comment on the prevalence of totalitarian regi...
What is Hayek's definition of totalitarian?
{'text': 'the want to “organize the whole of society” to attain a “definite social goal”', 'answer_start': 622}
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In the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. Don Francis...
Who introduced educative gymnastics in France?
{'text': 'Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano', 'answer_start': 309}
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Northwestern is a large, residential research university. Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine, the university offers 124 undergraduate ...
How many undergraduate programs are offered by Southwestern?
{'text': '124', 'answer_start': 302}
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Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth. Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known as the ruch egzekucji praw—movement for execution of the laws—which demande...
What did the magnates do eventually with the gifts?
{'text': 'never returned', 'answer_start': 155}
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Raleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city, chosen as the site of the state capital in 1788 and incorporated in 1792 as such. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. In the United States Civil War the city was spared...
What year was it incorporated?
{'text': '1792', 'answer_start': 136}
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During fiscal year 2007, $537.5 million was received in total research support, including $444 million in federal obligations. The University has over 150 National Institutes of Health funded inventions, with many of them licensed to private companies. Governmental agencies and non-profit foundations such as the NIH, U...
What are some organisms for which the Genome Sequencing Center at Washington University Medical provided genome decoding?
{'text': 'platypus, chimpanzee, cat, and corn', 'answer_start': 917}
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On 26 June 1950, the National Assembly supported a crucial bill written by Milovan Đilas and Tito about "self-management" (samoupravljanje): a type of cooperative independent socialist experiment that introduced profit sharing and workplace democracy in previously state-run enterprises which then became the direct soci...
Tito succeeded who as the President of Yugoslavia?
{'text': 'Ribar', 'answer_start': 501}
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Androphilia and gynephilia (or gynecophilia) are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual attraction, as an alternative to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. They are used for identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the subject. Re...
What are other terms that do not make similar assignments?
{'text': 'pansexual and polysexual', 'answer_start': 340}
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European comics studies began with Töpffer's theories of his own work in the 1840s, which emphasized panel transitions and the visual–verbal combination. No further progress was made until the 1970s. Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle then took a semiotics approach to the study of comics, analyzing text–image relations, page-le...
In the 1840s, Töpffer wrote theories about whose work?
{'text': 'his own', 'answer_start': 57}
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London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large numb...
UCL Partners is the largest type of what facility in Europe?
{'text': 'academic health science centres', 'answer_start': 435}
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Dietary minerals are inorganic chemical elements required by living organisms, other than the four elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen that are present in nearly all organic molecules. The term "mineral" is archaic, since the intent is to describe simply the less common elements in the diet. Some are heavie...
In what form are some metals commonly found in the body?
{'text': 'ions', 'answer_start': 399}
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Oklahoma i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ (Cherokee: Asgaya gigageyi / ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎩᎦᎨᏱ; or translated ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ (òɡàlàhoma), Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the ...
Where does Oklahoma rank by population?
{'text': '28th', 'answer_start': 239}
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In response to the 1966 ruling by the International Court of Justice, South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) military wing, People's Liberation Army of Namibia, a guerrilla group began their armed struggle for independence, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its occupation of Namibia, in...
In what year did the UN start developing a peace plan for the whole region?
{'text': '1988', 'answer_start': 254}
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The League of American Bicyclists gave Tucson a gold rating for bicycle friendliness in late April 2007. Tucson hosts the largest perimeter cycling event in the United States. The ride called "El Tour de Tucson" happens in November on the Saturday before Thanksgiving. El Tour de Tucson produced and promoted by Perimete...
When does El Tour de Tucson happen?
{'text': 'in November on the Saturday before Thanksgiving', 'answer_start': 220}
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In the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: "Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a pagan." Confessio...
What would some people in Spain go out disguised as?
{'text': 'the opposite gender', 'answer_start': 668}
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The England national football team represents England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man for football matches as part of FIFA-authorised events, and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England. England are one of the two oldest national teams in ...
Where is Roy Hodgson from?
{'text': 'Jersey', 'answer_start': 84}
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As a result, they broke up in 1979, but remained close friends. Then in 1984 they renewed their romance, and in November 1985, they married, already having had a son, Max Samuel. After three and a half years of marriage, however, many of the same competing stresses of their careers caused them to divorce in 1989. They ...
When did Spielberg and Irving initially break up?
{'text': '1979', 'answer_start': 30}
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Arabic translation efforts and techniques are important to Western translation traditions due to centuries of close contacts and exchanges. Especially after the Renaissance, Europeans began more intensive study of Arabic and Persian translations of classical works as well as scientific and philosophical works of Arab a...
Why are Arabic translation efforts pointless to Western translation traditions?
{'text': 'centuries of close contacts and exchanges', 'answer_start': 97}
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Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes fro...
Who stopped using Dari in 875 CE?
{'text': 'The Saffarid dynasty', 'answer_start': 461}
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West spent much of the late-1990s producing records for a number of well-known artists and music groups. The third song on Foxy Brown's second studio album Chyna Doll was produced by West. Her second effort subsequently became the very first hip-hop album by a female rapper to debut at the top of the U.S. Billboard 200...
Which U.S. Billboard 200 chart topper did Kanye West produce a song for?
{'text': 'Foxy Brown', 'answer_start': 123}
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Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics. Yet, Macedonian agitation continued. The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 ...
How many republics was the Kingdom of Macedonia splintered into?
{'text': 'four client republics', 'answer_start': 222}
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One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disapp...
What was the estimated population of the whooping crane in 1941?
{'text': '16 birds', 'answer_start': 652}
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On July 1, 1985, Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs, replacing longtime Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The latter, disparaged as "Mr Nyet" in the West, had served for ...
What was Gromyko's western nickname?
{'text': '"Mr Nyet"', 'answer_start': 282}
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On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. Victoria was outraged wh...
What was the verdict in Maclean's trial?
{'text': 'not guilty by reason of insanity', 'answer_start': 336}
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Burke's Reflections sparked a pamphlet war. Thomas Paine penned the Rights of Man in 1791 as a response to Burke; Mary Wollstonecraft published A Vindication of the Rights of Men and James Mackintosh wrote Vindiciae Gallicae. Mackintosh was the first to see the Reflections as "the manifesto of a Counter Revolution". Ma...
When did Mary Wollstonecraft publish her response?
{'text': '1791', 'answer_start': 85}
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The iconic department stores of New Zealand's three major centres are Smith & Caughey's (founded 1880), in New Zealand's most populous city, Auckland; Kirkcaldie & Stains (founded 1863) in the capital, Wellington; and Ballantynes (founded 1854) in New Zealand's second biggest city, Christchurch. These offer high-end an...
Where are H & J Smith stores typically located?
{'text': 'Southland', 'answer_start': 443}
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The band had a number of bass players during this period who did not fit with the band's chemistry. It was not until February 1971 that they settled on John Deacon and began to rehearse for their first album. They recorded four of their own songs, "Liar", "Keep Yourself Alive", "The Night Comes Down" and "Jesus", for a...
In what year did John Deacon join Queen?
{'text': '1971', 'answer_start': 126}
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The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Su...
Which Gospel provides an identical account of the Virgin Birth as Sura 19 in the Qur'an?
{'text': 'Luke', 'answer_start': 287}
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Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions", neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity. The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim...
What part of India was never completely conquered?
{'text': 'south', 'answer_start': 409}
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Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each real...
What is avidya?
{'text': 'ignorance', 'answer_start': 462}
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Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases a...
What region do some scholars see as the source for the Near East's start in agriculture?
{'text': 'the Middle East', 'answer_start': 795}
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Translations of sung texts—whether of the above type meant to be sung or of a more or less literal type meant to be read—are also used as aids to audiences, singers and conductors, when a work is being sung in a language not known to them. The most familiar types are translations presented as subtitles or surtitles pro...
What kind of text is not allowed to have a translation?
{'text': 'sung texts', 'answer_start': 16}
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The higher-level phylogeny of the arthropods continues to be a matter of debate and research. In 2008, researchers at Tufts University uncovered what they believe is the world's oldest known full-body impression of a primitive flying insect, a 300 million-year-old specimen from the Carboniferous period. The oldest defi...
In what year did Tufts researchers reportedly uncover what is believed to be the oldest known impression of a flying insect?
{'text': '2008', 'answer_start': 97}
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Scholars continue to debate whether the U.S. Constitution adopted a particular interpretation of the "rule of law," and if so, which one. For example, John Harrison asserts that the word "law" in the Constitution is simply defined as that which is legally binding, rather than being "defined by formal or substantive cri...
Who believed that an unjust law was still a law?
{'text': 'Thomas Aquinas, and the framers of the U.S. Constitution', 'answer_start': 523}
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Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for offic...
Why did New York State allow unmarked cars for traffic cops?
{'text': 'it endangered motorists who might be pulled over by people impersonating police officers', 'answer_start': 480}
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In his native Poland, in France, where he composed most of his works, and beyond, Chopin's music, his status as one of music's earliest superstars, his association (if only indirect) with political insurrection, his love life and his early death have made him, in the public consciousness, a leading symbol of the Romant...
Where did Chopin create the majority of his compositions?
{'text': 'France', 'answer_start': 25}
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The five most prevalent chains are Lotte, Hyundai, Shinsegae, Galleria, AK plaza. Lotte Department Store is the largest, operating more than 40 stores (include outlet, young plaza, foreign branches). Hyundai Department Store has about 14 stores (13dept, 1outlet), and there are 10 stores in Shinsegae. Shinsegae has 3 ou...
Where is the largest department store in the world located?
{'text': 'Centum City, Busan', 'answer_start': 804}
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Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said th...
What does Wood believe the U.S. operates on?
{'text': 'a sort of civic religion', 'answer_start': 542}
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"Near East" remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles, but a variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates: "the Nearer East," reverting to the classical and then more scholarly distinction of "nearer" and "farther." They undoubtedly saw a need to separat...
What did the Christians see the country as?
{'text': 'the land of the Old and New Testaments', 'answer_start': 415}
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Some of the county's secondary schools have specialist school status. Some schools have sixth forms and others transfer their sixth formers to colleges. Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton. Others have changed their names over th...
What was the original name of the Beechen Cliff School
{'text': "started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School", 'answer_start': 367}
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According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).
What organization provided data detailing the size of the city?
{'text': 'United States Census Bureau', 'answer_start': 17}
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Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor. Three years earlier, while a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, he had broken his ties with the Church of England. Reared in the Church of England, he became "Puritan, English Separatist, and then a Baptist Separa...
Who was the pastor of the earliest Baptist church?
{'text': 'John Smyth', 'answer_start': 77}
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Originally, Dell did not emphasize the consumer market, due to the higher costs and unacceptably low profit margins in selling to individuals and households; this changed when the company’s Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997. While the industry’s average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was goin...
What market did Dell appease at first?
{'text': 'consumer market', 'answer_start': 39}
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On 20 June 1794, Burke received a vote of thanks from the Commons for his services in the Hastings Trial and he immediately resigned his seat, being replaced by his son Richard. A tragic blow fell upon Burke with the loss of Richard in August 1794, to whom he was tenderly attached, and in whom he saw signs of promise, ...
Who attacked Burke for receiving recognition from King George III?
{'text': 'Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Lauderdale', 'answer_start': 874}
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In each case, cables are attached to a hitch plate on top of the cab or may be "underslung" below a cab, and then looped over the drive sheave to a counterweight attached to the opposite end of the cables which reduces the amount of power needed to move the cab. The counterweight is located in the hoist-way and rides a...
What guides the traction machine?
{'text': 'the controller', 'answer_start': 479}
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The chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above.
Who restored the chapel house in 1872?
{'text': 'Sir George Gilbert Scott', 'answer_start': 139}
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Microsoft released minimum hardware requirements for tablet and laplet devices to be "certified" for Windows 8, and defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis. A conver...
What is an inconvertible form factor?
{'text': 'a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis', 'answer_start': 153}
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The world of clothing is always changing, as new cultural influences meet technological innovations. Researchers in scientific labs have been developing prototypes for fabrics that can serve functional purposes well beyond their traditional roles, for example, clothes that can automatically adjust their temperature, re...
Stain-resistant fabrics are coated with chemicals to reduce what?
{'text': 'absorption of liquids', 'answer_start': 560}
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Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a founding member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago. The Northwestern University School of Law is the oldest law s...
Which already existing schools did Southwestern affiliate itself with in the 1870's and 1880's?
{'text': 'schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago', 'answer_start': 207}
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There are several reasons an otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as a binding international agreement, most of which involve problems created at the formation of the treaty.[citation needed] For example, the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910 were protested; and they were confirmed as...
An otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as what for several reasons most of which involve problems created at the formation of a treaty?
{'text': 'a binding international agreement', 'answer_start': 87}
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In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
Where outside of Rome were the ecclesiastics assigned?
{'text': 'a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses', 'answer_start': 260}
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In 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his successors, the Phagmodrupa Dynasty, gained de facto ru...
What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated?
{'text': '1358', 'answer_start': 3}
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Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as th...
What two powers involved in the Franco-Prussian war have the same status today?
{'text': 'France and the United Kingdom', 'answer_start': 77}
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The traditional Charleston accent has long been noted in the state and throughout the South. It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city. It has ingliding or monophthongal long mid-vowels, raises ay and aw in certain environments, and is nonrhotic. Sylvester Pri...
To which college didn't Sylvester Primer belong?
{'text': 'College of Charleston', 'answer_start': 331}
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Once a year between 2008–2012 the European Formula One Grand Prix took place in the Valencia Street Circuit. Valencia is among with Barcelona, Porto and Monte Carlo the only European cities ever to host Formula One World Championship Grands Prix on public roads in the middle of cities. The final race in 2012 European G...
Who won the last race of the European Grand Prix in 2012?
{'text': 'Fernando Alonso', 'answer_start': 381}
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Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction, shipping, and transportation. Military bases are a significant component of the economy in the Fairbanks North Star, Anchorage and Kodiak Island boroughs, as well as Kodiak. Federal subsidies are also an important part of the econ...
What program allows Alaska to keep low taxes?
{'text': 'Federal subsidies', 'answer_start': 264}