Unnamed: 0.1
int64
1
131k
Unnamed: 0
int64
1
130k
id
stringlengths
6
24
title
stringclasses
2 values
context
stringlengths
151
44k
question
stringlengths
2
25.7k
answers
stringlengths
32
440
10,429
10,087
56dfbac5231d4119001abd36
generic
Light pollution is a growing problem in reaction to excess light being given off by numerous signs, houses, and buildings. Polluting light is often wasted light involving unnecessary energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Light pollution is described as artificial light that is excessive or intrudes where it is not...
What causes sharp shadows around buildings?
{'text': 'glare', 'answer_start': 487}
38,475
38,133
570ce135fed7b91900d45a67
generic
In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves fo...
How long is the run way in vaulting?
{'text': '25 metres (82 ft)', 'answer_start': 47}
103,599
103,257
5acee01332bba1001ae4b809
generic
Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Da...
What is the English name for Neptune?
{'text': 'Dalain Van', 'answer_start': 318}
2,952
2,610
5ad22ad5d7d075001a4285e6
generic
The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised...
Who returned for his eighth appearance as James Bond?
{'text': 'Daniel Craig', 'answer_start': 82}
16,879
16,537
56e0f3907aa994140058e80b
generic
The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:
Which denomination is led by the Supreme Pontiff?
{'text': 'Roman Catholic', 'answer_start': 4}
2,701
2,359
5a8db847df8bba001a0f9ba4
generic
A high-definition remaster of the game, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, is being developed by Tantalus Media for the Wii U. Officially announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation on November 12, 2015, it features enhanced graphics and Amiibo functionality. The game will be released in North America and E...
When were plans for Nintendo Direct revealed?
{'text': 'November 12, 2015', 'answer_start': 197}
62,729
62,387
5a81a59231013a001a334d20
generic
While Brazil was fighting the US through the WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism against a heavily subsidized cotton industry, a group of four least-developed African countries – Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali – also known as "Cotton-4" have been the leading protagonist for the reduction of US cotton subsidies thro...
What organization has the US tried to use to curb Brazilian subsidies?
{'text': "WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism", 'answer_start': 45}
118,278
117,936
5acf9a7d77cf76001a685432
generic
Uprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory. It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973. Namibia, however, remained under South African administration during this time as South...
In what region of Namibia is the Penguin Islands?
{'text': 'South-West', 'answer_start': 315}
31,669
31,327
570a8c674103511400d59849
generic
In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated. The following year, oil discovered at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a ...
Where was oil found that promoted the development of the oil industry in Houston?
{'text': 'Spindletop', 'answer_start': 178}
71,306
70,964
5ad28416d7d075001a429864
generic
In mid-June 1940, when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France, Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. State administrations were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians, 75,000 Lithuanians and almost 60,000 Estonians were deporte...
What region of Lithuania was to be turned over to the French?
{'text': 'Scheschupe area', 'answer_start': 590}
107,231
106,889
572faff7b2c2fd1400568355
generic
The junction forward voltage is the voltage applied to the emitter–base junction of a BJT in order to make the base conduct a specified current. The current increases exponentially as the junction forward voltage is increased. The values given in the table are typical for a current of 1 mA (the same values apply to sem...
When happens to the junction forward voltage when temperature is raised?
{'text': 'decreases', 'answer_start': 509}
34,625
34,283
570a5afd6d058f1900182d96
generic
With the two-factor theory now incorporating cognition, several theories began to argue that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts were entirely necessary for an emotion to occur. One of the main proponents of this view was Richard Lazarus who argued that emotions must have some cognitiv...
Who argued that emotions arise from cognitive intentionality?
{'text': 'Richard Lazarus', 'answer_start': 256}
34,652
34,310
570a60076d058f1900182de5
generic
A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (e.g., increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (e.g., smilin...
Who developed a comprehensive theory related to human emotional arousal?
{'text': 'Jonathan Turner', 'answer_start': 462}
80,954
80,612
5727c8943acd2414000dec52
generic
Detroit's protracted decline has resulted in severe urban decay and thousands of empty buildings around the city. Some parts of Detroit are so sparsely populated that the city has difficulty providing municipal services. The city has considered various solutions, such as demolishing abandoned homes and buildings; remov...
How much in unpaid taxes did Detroit fail to collect in 2011?
{'text': '$246 million', 'answer_start': 698}
97,941
97,599
5ace808d32bba1001ae4a885
generic
According to the Sunni scholar Ibn ʻAsākir in the 12th century, there were opportunities for female education in the medieval Islamic world, writing that women could study, earn ijazahs (academic degrees), and qualify as scholars and teachers. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly families, who wanted ...
Why did the prophet Muhammad esteem men in Medina?
{'text': 'desire for religious knowledge', 'answer_start': 688}
87,018
86,676
5a81ff7e31013a001a335091
generic
In abstract algebra, more general structures are defined by relaxing some of the axioms defining a group. For example, if the requirement that every element has an inverse is eliminated, the resulting algebraic structure is called a monoid. The natural numbers N (including 0) under addition form a monoid, as do the non...
What does generalizing an n-ary group give rise to?
{'text': 'group axioms', 'answer_start': 1023}
31,003
30,661
57071ad490286e26004fc912
generic
The state of Chihuahua is the largest state in the country and is known as El Estado Grande (The Big State); it accounts for 12.6% of the land of Mexico. The area is landlocked by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the south-west, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east, and by the U.S. states of Texas...
Which U.S. state borders to the northeast?
{'text': 'Texas', 'answer_start': 315}
2,679
2,337
56cda4aa62d2951400fa67a4
generic
Following the discovery of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess, an exploit known as the "Twilight Hack" was developed, allowing the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console. A properly designed save file would cause the game to load unsigned code, which...
What kind of error was found in Twilight Princess for Wii?
{'text': 'buffer overflow vulnerability', 'answer_start': 29}
126,752
126,410
5732a7f71d5d2e14009ff87c
generic
The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart. In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and huge lakes formed in the high flat basins among uplifts. In Europe, the Tethys Sea finally vanished, while the uplift of the Alps isolat...
What began to form in the flat basins in North America during the Eocene?
{'text': 'huge lakes', 'answer_start': 184}
34,079
33,737
5709e6f06d058f1900182c0f
generic
Today, USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper, unlike most common paper, which is made of wood fiber. U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. U.S. dollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. The "large-sized notes" issued ...
What is most common paper made of?
{'text': 'wood fiber', 'answer_start': 94}
30,810
30,468
570700329e06ca38007e9299
generic
Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, ...
Which is the most common variant of case in text?
{'text': 'lowercase', 'answer_start': 261}
108,333
107,991
5a3acb0f3ff257001ab8428b
generic
The evolution of seed plants and later angiosperms appears to be the result of two distinct rounds of whole genome duplication events. These occurred at 319 million years ago and 192 million years ago. Another possible whole genome duplication event at 160 million years ago perhaps created the ancestral line that led t...
What appears to be the cause of duplicaton of seed plants?
{'text': 'two distinct rounds of whole genome duplication events', 'answer_start': 79}
50,688
50,346
57266692dd62a815002e83b0
generic
Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, a...
Does the United Grand Lodge of England recognize Prince Hall Lodges?
{'text': 'The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges', 'answer_start': 471}
2,490
2,148
5a8d8836df8bba001a0f9aef
generic
The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foo...
What provides a bridge between the different items?
{'text': 'overworld', 'answer_start': 274}
80,508
80,166
5a6908a28476ee001a58a9f3
generic
Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone covers an area of 82.5 km2 (31.9 sq mi), consisting of the South Park and the West Park. By relying on the city sub-center, which is under construction, the South Park is focusing on creating a modernized industrial park of science and technology with scientific and technological innova...
What covers and area of 31.9 Km2?
{'text': 'Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone', 'answer_start': 0}
15,553
15,211
56e0689b231d4119001ac0bb
generic
The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the Benguela Current and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in Jamestown, on the north leeward shore, range between 21–28 °C (70–82 °F) in the summer (January to April) and 17–24 °...
What current affects the environment of Saint Helena?
{'text': 'Benguela Current', 'answer_start': 74}
26,298
25,956
5acfb7d377cf76001a685a42
generic
Kuaiji Commandery was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion against the Qin Empire which initially succeeded in restoring the kingdom of Chu but eventually fell to the Han. Under the Later Han, control of the area returned to the settlement below Mount Kuaiji but authority over the Minyue hint...
In early Han, which Mount did control of the area return to the settlement below?
{'text': 'Kuaiji', 'answer_start': 279}
97,249
96,907
5a7d2c8d70df9f001a874ff7
generic
Control of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head. Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evidence that explici...
What is there evidence of?
{'text': 'that Neolithic societies functioned under any dominating class or individual', 'answer_start': 333}
84,362
84,020
572815794b864d1900164434
generic
By the end of 1957, Nasser nationalized all remaining British and French assets in Egypt, including the tobacco, cement, pharmaceutical, and phosphate industries. When efforts to offer tax incentives and attract outside investments yielded no tangible results, he nationalized more companies and made them a part of his ...
What project did Nasser cooperate with the Soviet Union on?
{'text': 'Aswan Dam', 'answer_start': 816}
11,030
10,688
5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0173
generic
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c...
Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?
{'text': 'longer', 'answer_start': 292}
117,220
116,878
5ad01c5d77cf76001a686a52
generic
Kievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary, France and Norway, h...
Who was not the greatest ruler of Byzantium?
{'text': 'Yaroslav the Wise', 'answer_start': 77}
33,858
33,516
5a8cc54efd22b3001a8d8e38
generic
The Constitution of the United States of America provides that the United States Congress has the power "To coin money". Laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U.S.C. § 5112. Section 5112 prescribes the forms, in which the United States dollars should be issued. These coins are both designated in Sec...
What is the impure silver dollar referred to as?
{'text': 'American Silver Eagle', 'answer_start': 472}
90,154
89,812
572945531d0469140077922a
generic
There are many established music festivals in Alaska, including the Alaska Folk Festival, the Fairbanks Summer Arts Festival, the Anchorage Folk Festival, the Athabascan Old-Time Fiddling Festival, the Sitka Jazz Festival, and the Sitka Summer Music Festival. The most prominent orchestra in Alaska is the Anchorage Symp...
Which company is Alaska's only professional opera?
{'text': 'The Anchorage Opera', 'answer_start': 414}
120,479
120,137
57318a94e6313a140071d077
generic
Indigenous peoples in what is now the contiguous United States, including their descendants, are commonly called "American Indians", or simply "Indians" domestically, or "Native Americans" by the USCB. In Alaska, indigenous peoples belong to 11 cultures with 11 languages. These include the St. Lawrence Island Yupik, Iñ...
Tahitian and Tongan are two examples of indigenous peoples of what descent?
{'text': 'Polynesian', 'answer_start': 465}
22,400
22,058
56f74dc0a6d7ea1400e1717d
generic
The family of instruments used, especially in orchestras, grew. A wider array of percussion instruments began to appear. Brass instruments took on larger roles, as the introduction of rotary valves made it possible for them to play a wider range of notes. The size of the orchestra (typically around 40 in the Classical ...
What size of choirs have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?
{'text': 'over 400', 'answer_start': 460}
50,159
49,817
572408e80a492a19004355f7
generic
Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown. Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as "Mrs. Brown". The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown. A painting by ...
Where was John brown, Victorias manservant, from?
{'text': 'Scotland', 'answer_start': 69}
65,518
65,176
5acfd2c577cf76001a6861db
generic
Cubism was relevant to an architecture seeking a style that needed not refer to the past. Thus, what had become a revolution in both painting and sculpture was applied as part of "a profound reorientation towards a changed world". The Cubo-Futurist ideas of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti influenced attitudes in avant-garde ...
Who wrote squarist theory?
{'text': 'Albert Gleizes', 'answer_start': 570}
46,244
45,902
5ad2a44cd7d075001a429d79
generic
In Europe and Australia, the system was released to two separate marketing regions. One region consisted of most of mainland Europe (excluding Italy), and distribution there was handled by a number of different companies, with Nintendo responsible for most cartridge releases. Most of this region saw a 1986 release. Mat...
One region comprised the entirety of mainland Asia save for which country?
{'text': 'Italy', 'answer_start': 143}
105,578
105,236
572ec6bccb0c0d14000f154a
generic
Opponents of the Endangered Species Act argue that with over 2,000 endangered species listed, and only 28 delisted due to recovery, the success rate of 1% over nearly three decades proves that there needs to be serious reform in their methods to actually help the endangered animals and plants. Others argue that the ESA...
What is the name given to the act of pre-emptive habitat destruction by landowners fearing a protected species?
{'text': '"Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up."', 'answer_start': 490}
38,375
38,033
570cf05db3d812140066d349
generic
Digestion of some fats can begin in the mouth where lingual lipase breaks down some short chain lipids into diglycerides. However fats are mainly digested in the small intestine. The presence of fat in the small intestine produces hormones that stimulate the release of pancreatic lipase from the pancreas and bile from ...
Where does the digestions of some fats start?
{'text': 'in the mouth', 'answer_start': 33}
122,553
122,211
5731becde17f3d140042237c
generic
In May 2014, prior to the launch of YouTube's subscription-based Music Key service, the independent music trade organization Worldwide Independent Network alleged that YouTube was using non-negotiable contracts with independent labels that were "undervalued" in comparison to other streaming services, and that YouTube w...
What was the percentage of labels youtube had signed contracts with prior to the planned launch date?
{'text': '90%', 'answer_start': 705}
20,988
20,646
56e7b14c37bdd419002c4371
generic
The 2014 scheduled beginning proved to be too ambitious for the group; its official website now cites an anticipated beginning of professional play in 2016 and shows photos from a six-team collegiate tournament staged in early November, 2015
When was the abortive first CAFL season supposed to have taken place?
{'text': '2014', 'answer_start': 4}
119,334
118,992
5ad1934e645df0001a2d2021
generic
Among the challenges being faced to improve the efficiency of LED-based white light sources is the development of more efficient phosphors. As of 2010, the most efficient yellow phosphor is still the YAG phosphor, with less than 10% Stoke shift loss. Losses attributable to internal optical losses due to re-absorption i...
What is the least efficient yellow phosphor?
{'text': 'YAG phosphor', 'answer_start': 200}
58,449
58,107
5ad0a8c9645df0001a2cffde
generic
In 1877, John Wanamaker opened the United State's first modern department store in a former Pennsylvania Railroad freight terminal in Philadelphia. Wanamakers was the first department store to offer fixed prices marked on every article and also introduced electrical illumination (1878), the telephone (1879), and the us...
In what state wasn't Wanamakers established?
{'text': 'Pennsylvania', 'answer_start': 92}
99,553
99,211
5a57c040770dc0001aeefd48
generic
The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520–1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and t...
When was Galileo born?
{'text': '1520', 'answer_start': 87}
4,811
4,469
56d3f1872ccc5a1400d82f77
generic
According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes na...
What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town?
{'text': 'Mockingbird groupies', 'answer_start': 779}
80,931
80,589
5727c20e2ca10214002d9585
generic
In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problemat...
What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system?
{'text': 'Detroit People Mover', 'answer_start': 850}
34,616
34,274
5ad245c7d7d075001a428ab3
generic
Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated in the late 19th century with Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Darwin argued that emotions actually served a purpose for humans, in communication and also in aiding their survival. Darwin, therefore, argued that emo...
In what century did Darwin read?
{'text': '19th century', 'answer_start': 77}
108,543
108,201
572efd6403f9891900756b30
generic
Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule remain visible today, with the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—coming to symbolise Hyderabad. Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the city's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabad...
What culture is most represented in the food of Hyderabad?
{'text': 'Mughlai culture', 'answer_start': 206}
87,772
87,430
572819ff3acd2414000df48e
generic
George VI's coronation took place on 12 May 1937, the date previously intended for Edward's coronation. In a break with tradition, Queen Mary attended the ceremony in a show of support for her son. There was no Durbar held in Delhi for George VI, as had occurred for his father, as the cost would have been a burden to t...
In which city are Durbars usually held?
{'text': 'Delhi', 'answer_start': 226}
26,202
25,860
56f8fedd9e9bad19000a07a9
generic
The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, a division of the United States Department of State, is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East. Under the Secretary of State, it implements the official diplomacy of the United States, called also statecraft by Secretary Clinton. The name of the bureau is...
The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs is a division of what?
{'text': 'the United States Department of State', 'answer_start': 50}
103,445
103,103
572f112fdfa6aa1500f8d5ae
generic
The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror is the common name for a series of elevator attractions at the Disney's Hollywood Studios park in Orlando, the Disney California Adventure Park park in Anaheim, the Walt Disney Studios Park in Paris and the Tokyo DisneySea park in Tokyo. The central element of this attraction is a simu...
What is the main feature of this attraction?
{'text': 'a simulated free-fall achieved through the use of a high-speed elevator system', 'answer_start': 314}
5,268
4,926
56d114a717492d1400aab8b5
generic
West's fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak (2008), marked an even more radical departure from his previous releases, largely abandoning rap and hip hop stylings in favor of a stark electropop sound composed of virtual synthesis, the Roland TR-808 drum machine, and explicitly auto-tuned vocal tracks. Drawing inspirat...
What other type of 1980s group was Kanye's fourth album compared to other than new wave?
{'text': 'post-punk', 'answer_start': 922}
95,159
94,817
572994ff1d0469140077955f
generic
What little there was, started with Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80), and Claude Nicolas Ledoux's Barriere des Bonshommes (1785–89). First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French, due to the influence of Marc-Antoine Laugier's doctrines that s...
Who's influence brought about Greek revival in France?
{'text': 'Laboustre', 'answer_start': 419}
48,333
47,991
571abee110f8ca140030533b
generic
A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic...
What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases?
{'text': 'use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors', 'answer_start': 389}
100,458
100,116
5acd809c07355d001abf449e
generic
Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor, reach d...
What did not reach disadvantaged groups?
{'text': 'low cost private schools', 'answer_start': 20}
86,122
85,780
5ad2e043d7d075001a42a5b8
generic
The standard PlayStation 3 version of the XrossMediaBar (pronounced Cross Media Bar, or abbreviated XMB) includes nine categories of options. These are: Users, Settings, Photo, Music, Video, TV/Video Services, Game, Network, PlayStation Network and Friends (similar to the PlayStation Portable media bar). TheTV/Video Se...
What is displayed when the system shuts down?
{'text': "What's New", 'answer_start': 597}
60,518
60,176
5726888e708984140094c921
generic
Marvel earned a great deal of money and recognition during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Cli...
What 1990s comic line featured futuristic, sci-fi stories?
{'text': '2099 line', 'answer_start': 124}
21,752
21,410
56e8e77a99e8941900975ef9
generic
In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey. On 6 September 1997 the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at the Abbey. On 17 September 2010 Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the abbey.
What nationality was Sergei Fyodorov?
{'text': 'Russian', 'answer_start': 30}
45,645
45,303
57101271b654c5140001f7b8
generic
Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for...
What body passed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?
{'text': 'Congress', 'answer_start': 0}
83,217
82,875
5acd596407355d001abf3e31
generic
In the fifth century Strasbourg was occupied successively by Alemanni, Huns, and Franks. In the ninth century it was commonly known as Strazburg in the local language, as documented in 842 by the Oaths of Strasbourg. This trilingual text contains, alongside texts in Latin and Old High German (teudisca lingua), the olde...
When was the Alsatian language first used?
{'text': '842', 'answer_start': 185}
128,888
128,546
5a68f9978476ee001a58a953
generic
The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rare...
The onset of what appears in October?
{'text': 'the southwest monsoon', 'answer_start': 13}
46,370
46,028
5ad2ad23d7d075001a429ecb
generic
The Famicom contained no lockout hardware and, as a result, unlicensed cartridges (both legitimate and bootleg) were extremely common throughout Japan and the Far East. The original NES (but not the top-loading NES-101) contained the 10NES lockout chip, which significantly increased the challenges faced by unlicensed d...
What was the lockout chip number for South Africa?
{'text': '3196', 'answer_start': 870}
109,454
109,112
572f6d0aa23a5019007fc605
generic
Nociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most common categories are "thermal" (e.g. heat or cold), "mechanical" (e.g. crushing, tearing, s...
The thermal category of pain deals with which two temperature ranges?
{'text': 'heat or cold', 'answer_start': 266}
108,182
107,840
57302439a23a5019007fce39
generic
This is fortunate, since antennas at lower frequencies which are not rather large (a good fraction of a wavelength in size) are inevitably inefficient (due to the small radiation resistance Rr of small antennas). Most AM broadcast radios (except for car radios) take advantage of this principle by including a small loop...
How would this antenna rate in the greater scheme of things?
{'text': 'little effect', 'answer_start': 463}
96,397
96,055
5a3be6f1cc5d22001a521c1f
generic
The Administrator of Prussia, the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Maximilian III, son of emperor Maximilian II died in 1618. When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming Brandenburg-Prussia. Taking advantage of the Swedish invasion of Poland in ...
In what year was the treaty of Wehlau signed?
{'text': '1660', 'answer_start': 603}
92,927
92,585
5728fdf9af94a219006a9ee7
generic
Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century, samurai could be disloyal and treacherous (e.g., Akechi Mitsuhide), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g., Kusunoki Masashige). Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors, who in turn allied themselves with higher lords. These loyalties to the higher lo...
Some feudal lords shifted loyalties from Toyotomi to whom?
{'text': 'Tokugawa', 'answer_start': 497}
40,466
40,124
5ad50b865b96ef001a10aa9a
generic
In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing wa...
When was the activity of desktop publishing last used?
{'text': '1985', 'answer_start': 3}
60,822
60,480
57268766dd62a815002e8846
generic
After the German occupation of France in 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the entry of the Soviet Union to the war in 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet read...
Which country first entered World War 2 after France's defeat?
{'text': 'Soviet Union', 'answer_start': 122}
77,309
76,967
57278ed7dd62a815002ea04e
generic
During the first half of the 1920s, engineers at Western Electric, as well as independent inventors such as Orlando Marsh, developed technology for capturing sound with a microphone, amplifying it with vacuum tubes, then using the amplified signal to drive an electromagnetic recording head. Western Electric's innovatio...
What was an early took used to amplify sounds?
{'text': 'vacuum tubes', 'answer_start': 202}
2,277
1,935
56cfba85234ae51400d9bf16
generic
In September 2006, the iTunes Store began to offer additional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, compatible with the fifth generation iPod with iPod software 1.2 or later. Those games were: Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma. Ad...
Which generation iPod was required to enjoy the new games available on iTunes 7?
{'text': 'fifth', 'answer_start': 130}
102,174
101,832
572ec348c246551400ce462e
generic
With crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan...
What was Libya's main export?
{'text': 'crude oil', 'answer_start': 5}
25,174
24,832
56f8b42a9b226e1400dd0e6f
generic
Many prokaryotic genes are organized into operons, with multiple protein-coding sequences that are transcribed as a unit. The products of operon genes typically have related functions and are involved in the same regulatory network.:7.3
What type of coding sequences do prokaryotic genes typically have?
{'text': 'multiple protein-coding sequences', 'answer_start': 56}
60,026
59,684
57268bbfdd62a815002e88fb
generic
The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogenerati...
What are Thuringia's most important renewable energy sources?
{'text': 'Wind power and Biomass', 'answer_start': 407}
29,163
28,821
5706049c52bb8914006897b2
generic
In May 2008 printing of The Times switched from Wapping to new plants at Broxbourne on the outskirts of London, and Merseyside and Glasgow, enabling the paper to be produced with full colour on every page for the first time.
In May 2008, The Times switched from what plant to new plants in Broxbourne, Merseyside, and Glasgow?
{'text': 'Wapping', 'answer_start': 48}
416
74
56d45abf2ccc5a1400d830e8
generic
At age eight, Beyoncé and childhood friend Kelly Rowland met LaTavia Roberson while in an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl's Tyme, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston. After seeing the group, R&B producer Arne Frager broug...
When did Beyoncé begin to manage the girl group?
{'text': '1995', 'answer_start': 537}
91,278
90,936
572995e9af94a219006aa53c
generic
Insects are the only group of invertebrates to have developed flight. The evolution of insect wings has been a subject of debate. Some entomologists suggest that the wings are from paranotal lobes, or extensions from the insect's exoskeleton called the nota, called the paranotal theory. Other theories are based on a pl...
Wings from modified gills is from what origin?
{'text': 'pleural origin', 'answer_start': 318}
68,349
68,007
5726b737708984140094ceca
generic
Raleigh's industrial base includes banking/financial services; electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; and pharmaceuticals. Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research pa...
What is Raleigh part of?
{'text': "North Carolina's Research Triangle", 'answer_start': 224}
50,023
49,681
5ad17607645df0001a2d1cf2
generic
Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen a...
Who didn't Princess Victoria marry at the age of 17?
{'text': 'Germany;', 'answer_start': 506}
105,453
105,111
5a847cb97cf838001a46a85c
generic
All federal agencies are prohibited from authorizing, funding or carrying out actions that "destroy or adversely modify" critical habitats (Section 7(a) (2)). While the regulatory aspect of critical habitat does not apply directly to private and other non-federal landowners, large-scale development, logging and mining ...
Which aspect applies to non-federal landowners?
{'text': 'regulatory', 'answer_start': 169}
97,149
96,807
5a7d0ad970df9f001a874f29
generic
The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8,800 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology in the Levant (Jericho, Israel). As with the PPNA dates, there are two versions from the same laboratories noted above. This system of terminology, however, is not convenient for southeast Anatolia and settlements of the middle Anatolia bas...
How many settlers were founded in the PPNA?
{'text': '3,000 inhabitants', 'answer_start': 397}
77,469
77,127
5727c860ff5b5019007d9535
generic
Under the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as "being in the living presence of...
Which microphone hold the most importance in 3 microphone recording?
{'text': 'The center', 'answer_start': 545}
12,312
11,970
5a5ace739c0277001abe7198
generic
Pope St. Gregory stigmatized Judaism and the Jewish People in many of his writings. He described Jews as enemies of Christ: "The more the Holy Spirit fills the world, the more perverse hatred dominates the souls of the Jews." He labeled all heresy as "Jewish", claiming that Judaism would "pollute [Catholics and] deceiv...
What pope defended Judaism and the Jewish people?
{'text': 'Pope St. Gregory', 'answer_start': 0}
21,659
21,317
56e8daed0b45c0140094cd1a
generic
The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic na...
What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the High Altar?
{'text': 'Cosmati', 'answer_start': 571}
40,919
40,577
570d8c74b3d812140066da23
generic
In Britain and some other armies, the single artillery branch has been responsible for both home and overseas ground-based air defence, although there was divided responsibility with the Royal Navy for air defence of the British Isles in World War I. However, during the Second World War the RAF Regiment was formed to p...
What was disbanded in 1955?
{'text': "British Army's Anti-Aircraft Command", 'answer_start': 594}
110,092
109,750
573423444776f4190066193a
generic
Tucson's largest park, Reid Park, is located in midtown and includes Reid Park Zoo and Hi Corbett Field. Speedway Boulevard, a major east-west arterial road in central Tucson, was named the "ugliest street in America" by Life magazine in the early 1970s, quoting Tucson Mayor James Corbett. Despite this, Speedway Boulev...
What was the "ugliest street in America" in the 1970s?
{'text': 'Speedway Boulevard', 'answer_start': 105}
3,521
3,179
56cec174aab44d1400b889ce
generic
On Children's Day, June 1, 2008, many parents went to the rubble of schools to mourn for their children. The surviving children, who were mostly living in relief centres, performed ceremonies marking the special day, but also acknowledging the earthquake.
What did these children do on that day?
{'text': 'performed ceremonies', 'answer_start': 171}
13,695
13,353
5acd642b07355d001abf4062
generic
Evidence suggests big-game hunter gatherers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia (Eurasia) into North America over a land bridge (Beringia), that existed between 47,000–14,000 years ago. Around 18,500-15,500 years ago, these hunter-gatherers are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Pleistocene megafauna along ...
Big-game hunters cam from Asia into South America over what bridge?
{'text': 'a land bridge', 'answer_start': 114}
44,150
43,808
5a2215e5819328001af389f3
generic
It is now known that the molecular circadian clock can function within a single cell; i.e., it is cell-autonomous. This was shown by Gene Block in isolated mollusk BRNs.[clarification needed] At the same time, different cells may communicate with each other resulting in a synchronised output of electrical signaling. Th...
What is timed independently of the biological clock?
{'text': 'sleep/wake, body temperature, thirst, and appetite', 'answer_start': 755}
53
53
138441
pubqa
In May 2007, Escherichia coli was detected in tap water supplied by a company in North Holland. The company issued advice through mass media to boil tap water before consumption; this advice was lifted six days later. A cross-sectional study was implemented to investigate compliance among residents in this area. Ba...
What did they do to mitigate the event?
{'answer_id': 263745, 'document_id': 394240, 'question_id': 138441, 'text': 'public website used during emergency situations (www.crisis.nl) and a toll-free telephone number were made available for the public', 'answer_start': 2912, 'answer_category': 'LONG'}
66,838
66,496
5726c63ddd62a815002e8fef
generic
The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in exces...
Are the cocoa beans grown in Samoa high or low quality?
{'text': 'high quality', 'answer_start': 405}
41,479
41,137
570d4fd7fed7b91900d45e6c
generic
In its long history, Valencia has acquired many local traditions and festivals, among them the Falles, which were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest (Fiestas de Interés Turístico Internacional) on 25 January 1965, and the Water Tribunal of Valencia (Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia), which was d...
When was the Water Tribunal declared a cultural heritage of humanity?
{'text': '2009', 'answer_start': 424}
10,852
10,510
56de3fd84396321400ee2702
generic
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
When was Renaissance Humanism developed?
{'text': '1400', 'answer_start': 34}
15,815
15,473
5acd1e2007355d001abf35b4
generic
Aspirated consonants are not always followed by vowels or other voiced sounds. For example, in Eastern Armenian, aspiration is contrastive even word-finally, and aspirated consonants occur in consonant clusters. In Wahgi, consonants are aspirated only in final position.
What is not always followed by vowels or unvoiced sounds?
{'text': 'Aspirated consonants', 'answer_start': 0}
96,415
96,073
572a268f6aef051400155314
generic
In the 1772 First Partition of Poland, the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia, i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia), Malbork, Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby bridging the "Polish Corridor" between his Prussian and Farther Pomerani...
What was ratified in 1773 in Prussia?
{'text': 'The Polish Partition Sejm', 'answer_start': 714}
68,082
67,740
5a285358d1a287001a6d0b78
generic
In the far north, there is a division between Berber-descendent Tuareg nomad populations and the darker-skinned Bella or Tamasheq people, due the historical spread of slavery in the region. An estimated 800,000 people in Mali are descended from slaves. Slavery in Mali has persisted for centuries. The Arabic population ...
Who is their division between in the South?
{'text': 'Berber-descendent Tuareg nomad populations and the darker-skinned Bella or Tamasheq people,', 'answer_start': 46}
95,218
94,876
5a2c4e18bfd06b001a5aeb03
generic
Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established. From the very beginning, there were slightly different literary Serbian and Croatian standards, although both were based on the same Shtoka...
In what year was a Yugoslav state standardized?
{'text': 'in the mid-19th-century', 'answer_start': 32}
121,198
120,856
5731e8aae99e3014001e63ca
generic
Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide var...
How many museums are found in Egypt?
{'text': 'at least 60', 'answer_start': 434}
71,865
71,523
5acf928b77cf76001a6852df
generic
Capacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capacitors used in RF ...
What can't happen to capacitors used in high current applications?
{'text': 'overheat', 'answer_start': 363}
103,156
102,814
5ad4d9b75b96ef001a10a39e
generic
As a result, they broke up in 1979, but remained close friends. Then in 1984 they renewed their romance, and in November 1985, they married, already having had a son, Max Samuel. After three and a half years of marriage, however, many of the same competing stresses of their careers caused them to divorce in 1989. They ...
Who broke up with his girlfriend in 1979?
{'text': 'Max Samuel', 'answer_start': 167}