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95,850 | 95,508 | 5729b86a3f37b31900478541 | generic | IBM acquired Kenexa (2012) and SPSS (2009) and PwC's consulting business (2002), spinning off companies like printer manufacturer Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like its personal computer and x86 server businesses to Lenovo (2005, 2014). In 2014, IBM announced that it would go "fabless" by offloading IBM... | IBM span off its printer manufacturer in 1991, what was its name? | {'text': 'Lexmark', 'answer_start': 130} |
59,063 | 58,721 | 5acd901707355d001abf472b | generic | The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Florida was 20,271,272 on July 1, 2015, a 7.82% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The population of Florida in the 2010 census was 18,801,310. Florida was the seventh fastest-growing state in the U.S. in the 12-month period ending July 1, 2012... | What was the population in 2013? | {'text': '19.7 million', 'answer_start': 638} |
5,347 | 5,005 | 56cf7e194df3c31400b0d852 | generic | In September 2013, West was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in Kazakhstan at the wedding of authoritarian President Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson. He traveled to Kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, as a personal guest of Nazarbayev. Other notable Western pe... | How much was Kanye paid to perform in Kazakhstan? | {'text': '$3 million', 'answer_start': 456} |
96,044 | 95,702 | 5a690bdf8476ee001a58aa41 | generic | In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors. A year later, IBM unveiled Project Big Green, a re-direction of $1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency. On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Re... | Where did Sam Palmisano make a speech in 2006? | {'text': 'at the Council on Foreign Relations', 'answer_start': 292} |
41,800 | 41,458 | 5aced26232bba1001ae4b5cc | generic | The army is led by a civilian Secretary of the Army, who has the statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Staff of the Army, who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adv... | Who is the highest-ranked military officer in the Navy? | {'text': 'The Chief of Staff', 'answer_start': 196} |
120,363 | 120,021 | 57317254497a881900248eed | generic | Cultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development among the peoples of the region produced a ... | What did geographical zones encourage the sharing of? | {'text': 'Cultural practices', 'answer_start': 0} |
49,733 | 49,391 | 5ad17de4645df0001a2d1e25 | generic | Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvi... | What year did Queen Victoria last set foot in Spain? | {'text': '1889', 'answer_start': 60} |
32,972 | 32,630 | 5a555aad134fea001a0e1a4c | generic | Serious financial damage has been caused by security breaches, but because there is no standard model for estimating the cost of an incident, the only data available is that which is made public by the organizations involved. "Several computer security consulting firms produce estimates of total worldwide losses attrib... | Why is difficult to estimate loss in this situation? | {'text': 'there is no standard model for estimating the cost', 'answer_start': 75} |
7,896 | 7,554 | 5a594d7b3e1742001a15d063 | generic | Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. The genome size is positively correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes; however, after mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above, this correlation is no longer effective. This phenomeno... | What kind of relationship do copies of a haploid genome have with mollusks that isn't effective? | {'text': 'morphological complexity', 'answer_start': 133} |
9,833 | 9,491 | 56df0adf3277331400b4d904 | generic | Authorized headdress for the Canadian Armed Forces are the: beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap, and tuque (toque). Each is coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn: navy (white or navy blue), army (rifle green or "regimental" colour), air force (light blue). Adherents of the Sikh faith may wear uniform turb... | Are there specific rules for wearing head dresses? | {'text': 'coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn', 'answer_start': 125} |
100,318 | 99,976 | 5acd730d07355d001abf42d6 | generic | Preschools provide education from ages approximately three to seven, depending on the country, when children enter primary education. These are also known as nursery schools and as kindergarten, except in the US, where kindergarten is a term used for primary education.[citation needed] Kindergarten "provide[s] a child-... | In what country is kindergarten not a term used for primary education? | {'text': 'US', 'answer_start': 209} |
126,133 | 125,791 | 57340b90d058e614000b687b | generic | Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the ... | Which obligatory class was abolished from Basic Education? | {'text': 'English', 'answer_start': 195} |
93,583 | 93,241 | 5a670ed7f038b7001ab0c1ac | generic | There are three classes of components for oxide glasses: network formers, intermediates, and modifiers. The network formers (silicon, boron, germanium) form a highly cross-linked network of chemical bonds. The intermediates (titanium, aluminium, zirconium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc) can act as both network formers and... | What compensates for the bonds nearby? | {'text': 'negative charge', 'answer_start': 602} |
32,591 | 32,249 | 5709630f200fba1400367f2b | generic | Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies. Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, unicellular eukaryote, plants... | How many primary signalling molecules are known to organize different behavioral patterns? | {'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 734} |
50,057 | 49,715 | 5ad16d54645df0001a2d1ad6 | generic | By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite... | The Dutchesses brother Leopold was the Queen of what country? | {'text': 'the Belgians', 'answer_start': 62} |
17,015 | 16,673 | 5a21db1e8a6e4f001aa08f9a | generic | In Presbyterian and Reformed churches, canon law is known as "practice and procedure" or "church order", and includes the church's laws respecting its government, discipline, legal practice and worship. | Canon law is different from what in other denominations? | {'text': 'practice and procedure', 'answer_start': 62} |
73,997 | 73,655 | 57295e513f37b319004782bf | generic | Major projects include the current construction of a new campus for Gateway Community College downtown, and also a 32-story, 500-unit apartment/retail building called 360 State Street. The 360 State Street project is now occupied and is the largest residential building in Connecticut. A new boathouse and dock is planne... | What type of bridge is replacing the old Q Bridge? | {'text': 'an extradosed bridge', 'answer_start': 557} |
19,675 | 19,333 | 5a78cbccb73996001af5b26c | generic | In addition to the Architects Registration Board, the RIBA provides accreditation to architecture schools in the UK under a course validation procedure. It also provides validation to international courses without input from the ARB. | What kinds of courses does RIBA not conduct accreditation services for apart from the Architects Registration Board? | {'text': 'international courses', 'answer_start': 184} |
34,742 | 34,400 | 570a68426d058f1900182e1e | generic | Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s... | What is the thalamus a part of? | {'text': 'the diencephalon', 'answer_start': 151} |
162 | 162 | 138412 | pubqa | At the end of July 2006, an unusually high number of patients with acute diarrhoea were reported by the accident and emergency departments in Taranto, Apulia. Subsequently, a field investigation was conducted jointly by the Apulia Regional Epidemiological Observatory and the Regional Reference Laboratory in Bari, and... | What is the date of the event?
| {'answer_id': 274432, 'document_id': 445595, 'question_id': 138412, 'text': 'July 2006', 'answer_start': 14, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'} |
103,302 | 102,960 | 572eb759dfa6aa1500f8d2fc | generic | The elevator motor was located at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft. Pushing the handle forward would cause the cab to rise; backwards would make it sink. The harder the pressure, the faster the elevator would move. The handle also served as a dead man switch: if the operator let go of the handle, ... | Why was the handle considered a "dead man switch"? | {'text': 'if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop', 'answer_start': 282} |
74,971 | 74,629 | 5a3161e4e4dcb1001abb22a1 | generic | Baptists are individuals who comprise a group of Christian denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Oth... | What two ministerial offices do Baptists no longer recognize? | {'text': 'elders and deacons', 'answer_start': 555} |
9,557 | 9,215 | 5ad3e48f604f3c001a3ff589 | generic | The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military av... | When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the French Army? | {'text': 'November 1940', 'answer_start': 688} |
92,573 | 92,231 | 5a6a5f32a9e0c9001a4e9db6 | generic | Menzies came to power the year the Communist Party of Australia had led a coal strike to improve pit miners' working conditions. That same year Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb, and Mao Zedong led the Communist Party of China to power in China; a year later came the invasion of South Korea by... | What was a key political topic of the Democratic Labor Party? | {'text': 'Anti-communism', 'answer_start': 344} |
37,481 | 37,139 | 570b72646b8089140040f96a | generic | With the rise of disco in the US and punk rock in the UK, hard rock's mainstream dominance was rivalled toward the later part of the decade. Disco appealed to a more diverse group of people and punk seemed to take over the rebellious role that hard rock once held. Early punk bands like The Ramones explicitly rebelled a... | What two genres made inroads on hard rock in the 1970s? | {'text': 'disco in the US and punk rock in the UK', 'answer_start': 17} |
74,603 | 74,261 | 5a6fddda8abb0b001a675fdd | generic | Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War. Although Germany never formally annexed Alsace-Lorraine, it was incorporated into the Greater German Reich, which had been restructured into Reichsgaue. Alsace was merged with Baden, and Lorraine with the Saarland, to become part of a planned ... | When did Germany officially annex Alsace? | {'text': '1940', 'answer_start': 43} |
1,431 | 1,089 | 56d323fb59d6e41400146294 | generic | In June 1837 Chopin visited London incognito in the company of the piano manufacturer Camille Pleyel where he played at a musical soirée at the house of English piano maker James Broadwood. On his return to Paris, his association with Sand began in earnest, and by the end of June 1838 they had become lovers. Sand, who ... | Who joined Chopin and Sand on their trip to Majorca? | {'text': "Sand's two children", 'answer_start': 748} |
80,797 | 80,455 | 5acd309b07355d001abf3889 | generic | Thousands of fonts exist on the market, but fewer than a dozen fonts—sometimes described as "pan-Unicode" fonts—attempt to support the majority of Unicode's character repertoire. Instead, Unicode-based fonts typically focus on supporting only basic ASCII and particular scripts or sets of characters or symbols. Several ... | Pan unicode fonts only support what? | {'text': 'basic ASCII and particular scripts or sets of characters or symbols', 'answer_start': 243} |
23,252 | 22,910 | 56f8c9389b226e1400dd0fea | generic | Southampton's police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary. The main base of the Southampton operation is a new, eight storey purpose-built building which cost £30 million to construct. The building, located on Southern Road, opened in 2011 and is near to Southampton Central railway station. Previously, the cen... | How much did it cost to build the operations base of Southampton's police service? | {'text': '£30 million', 'answer_start': 168} |
45,603 | 45,261 | 5ad3fa8f604f3c001a3ffb14 | generic | In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be use... | Along with anti-death penalty advocacy, why has there been a shortage in drugs for lethal injections outside of the United States? | {'text': 'low production volume', 'answer_start': 131} |
62,424 | 62,082 | 5acebc7c32bba1001ae4b249 | generic | Islam and Judaism have a complex relationship. Traditionally Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religions and administer their internal affairs, but they were subject to certain conditions. They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Mu... | Who had a superior status under Muslim rule? | {'text': 'Dhimmis', 'answer_start': 354} |
13,975 | 13,633 | 56e09fc4231d4119001ac2e1 | generic | The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L... | In the USSR, what SSR did the RSFSR border along with the Kazakh SSR? | {'text': 'Georgian', 'answer_start': 375} |
67,155 | 66,813 | 5726e47edd62a815002e9417 | generic | The next three popes, including Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, were created cardinals by him. His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973. Karol Wojtyła was created a cardinal in the consistory of 26 June 1967. Joseph Ratzinger was create... | In what year did Paul VI die? | {'text': '1978', 'answer_start': 522} |
7,710 | 7,368 | 56d97bf6dc89441400fdb4d6 | generic | The coverage of the events by the media came under scrutiny during the relay. Chinese media coverage of the torch relay has been distinct in a number of ways from coverage elsewhere. Western reporters in Beijing have described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored (for example when Chinese media did not broadc... | Which French newspaper was accused of being biased by Chinese State press agency Xinhua? | {'text': 'Libération', 'answer_start': 502} |
7,736 | 7,394 | 56d987b2dc89441400fdb4f5 | generic | On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as Western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Pa... | Who stated that Chinese people could access the BBC news website after years of not being able to? | {'text': 'Paul Danahar', 'answer_start': 318} |
37,051 | 36,709 | 570b495aec8fbc190045b964 | generic | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor st... | Who ordered Iraqi forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments? | {'text': 'Iraqi President Saddam Hussein', 'answer_start': 1462} |
7,531 | 7,189 | 56db2f9be7c41114004b4efc | generic |
India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Ki... | How many bearers decided not to participate? | {'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 290} |
112,443 | 112,101 | 57303f17b2c2fd1400568ae1 | generic | The legal status of Roman citizenship was limited and was a vital prerequisite to possessing many important legal rights such as the right to trial and appeal, to marry, to vote, to hold office, to enter binding contracts, and to special tax exemptions. An adult male citizen with the full complement of legal and politi... | Which designation of people made up the entirety of the members of a comitia? | {'text': 'optimo jure', 'answer_start': 682} |
17,069 | 16,727 | 5a54e7bf134fea001a0e176b | generic | After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p... | How much higher is the Somalia teledensity compared to Niger? | {'text': 'three times greater than in adjacent Ethiopia', 'answer_start': 430} |
13,493 | 13,151 | 56df76b85ca0a614008f9abd | generic | As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Su... | Why did agricultural societies push into hunter-gatherer areas? | {'text': 'agricultural societies increased', 'answer_start': 26} |
125,736 | 125,394 | 573365f4d058e614000b5a17 | generic | One of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise... | When was Northern Rock taken into public hands? | {'text': 'February 2008', 'answer_start': 364} |
42,821 | 42,479 | 570dce860b85d914000d7b7d | generic | European maps continued to show this hypothesized land until Captain James Cook's ships, HMS Resolution and Adventure, crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773, in December 1773 and again in January 1774. Cook came within about 120 km (75 mi) of the Antarctic coast before retreating in the face of field ice in J... | When did Cook's ships cross the Antarctic circle? | {'text': '17 January 1773', 'answer_start': 151} |
43,619 | 43,277 | 570e32740b85d914000d7d34 | generic | Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust. Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined wit... | In what state is the Earth's outer core? | {'text': 'liquid', 'answer_start': 590} |
68,920 | 68,578 | 57270653dd62a815002e97e8 | generic | Many more artillery pieces had arrived and been dug into batteries. In June, a third bombardment was followed after two days by a successful attack on the Mamelon, but a follow-up assault on the Malakoff failed with heavy losses. During this time the garrison commander, Admiral Nakhimov fell on 30 June 1855.:378 Raglan... | What did the Russians try to attack during the month of August? | {'text': 'the base at Balaclava', 'answer_start': 407} |
2,839 | 2,497 | 56cdcfee62d2951400fa6877 | generic | Bond disobeys M's order and travels to Rome to attend Sciarra's funeral. That evening he visits Sciarra's widow Lucia, who tells him about Spectre, a criminal organisation to which her husband belonged. Bond infiltrates a Spectre meeting, where he identifies the leader, Franz Oberhauser. When Oberhauser addresses Bond ... | What group did Sciarra belong to? | {'text': 'Spectre', 'answer_start': 139} |
94,848 | 94,506 | 572b5d6634ae481900deadce | generic | Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in cer... | Zinc, copper and aluminum alloys have use in what part of machinery? | {'text': 'machine bearings', 'answer_start': 334} |
117,666 | 117,324 | 5730b8f5396df919000962da | generic | The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh w... | What kinds of beer did the Sumerians brew? | {'text': 'wheat, barley, and mixed grain', 'answer_start': 188} |
5,105 | 4,763 | 56cf6057aab44d1400b89178 | generic | Kanye West began his early production career in the mid-1990s, making beats primarily for burgeoning local artists, eventually developing a style that involved speeding up vocal samples from classic soul records. His first official production credits came at the age of nineteen when he produced eight tracks on Down to ... | What types of records did Kanye sample in his early career. | {'text': 'classic soul records', 'answer_start': 191} |
56,614 | 56,272 | 5726427cec44d21400f3dd02 | generic | Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians (Native Americans), the other being Quito. The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan, which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan, and... | Where was the city first built? | {'text': 'on an island of Lake Texcoco', 'answer_start': 176} |
15,078 | 14,736 | 56dfc460231d4119001abdc5 | generic | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | Why is peering used? | {'text': 'data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP', 'answer_start': 215} |
29,309 | 28,967 | 5705ea7975f01819005e775e | generic | The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residenc... | What was one use of the uses for the newly developed land of Chanakypuri? | {'text': 'residences of ambassadors', 'answer_start': 312} |
19,715 | 19,373 | 5a7b57bc21c2de001afe9f17 | generic | The Office of the Federal Register publishes the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, and United States Statutes at Large, among others. It also administers the Electoral College. | What code is the Electoral College responsible for? | {'text': 'Code of Federal Regulations', 'answer_start': 67} |
26,201 | 25,859 | 56f8fe559b226e1400dd1240 | generic | The United States is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East. Within the government the State Department has been most influential in promulgating the Near Eastern regional system. The countries of the former empires of the 19th century have in general abandoned t... | Who has abandoned the term Near East? | {'text': 'The countries of the former empires of the 19th century', 'answer_start': 237} |
114,245 | 113,903 | 5acda81f07355d001abf48d4 | generic | The Council does not have executive powers but meets biannually to discuss issues of mutual importance. Similarly, the Parliamentary Assembly has no legislative powers but investigates and collects witness evidence from the public on matters of mutual concern to its members. Reports on its findings are presented to the... | The council has executive powers and meets how often? | {'text': 'biannually', 'answer_start': 53} |
108,899 | 108,557 | 5a2d5be4f28ef0001a5264d5 | generic | An urban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water, while bio-swales throughout the city allow rainwate... | How much water a week is used by local drought-tolerant gardens? | {'text': '3.5 million US gallons', 'answer_start': 87} |
121,092 | 120,750 | 5731779aa5e9cc1400cdbf96 | generic | Coptic Christians face discrimination at multiple levels of the government, ranging from disproportionate representation in government ministries to laws that limit their ability to build or repair churches. Intolerance of Bahá'ís and non-orthodox Muslim sects, such as Sufis, Shi'a and Ahmadis, also remains a problem. ... | When government computerised ID cards who were adversely impacted? | {'text': 'religious minorities', 'answer_start': 394} |
25,279 | 24,937 | 56f8d3619b226e1400dd109f | generic | Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silent mutations). Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons encode the same amino acid (synonymous mutations). Other mutations can be neutral if they lead to amino acid sequence changes, but the pr... | What does the directional selection of beneficial mutations lead to? | {'text': 'adaptive evolution', 'answer_start': 839} |
113,737 | 113,395 | 57300a34b2c2fd1400568796 | generic | In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reach... | Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire? | {'text': 'the Sassanid Empire', 'answer_start': 349} |
2,096 | 1,754 | 56cc55fa6d243a140015ef17 | generic | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity? | {'text': 'iPod Shuffle', 'answer_start': 144} |
42,963 | 42,621 | 5ad2aed0d7d075001a429ef6 | generic | Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's southernmost active volcano. Another well-known volcano is found on De... | Where is Massif Vinson located? | {'text': 'Ellsworth Mountains', 'answer_start': 88} |
22,436 | 22,094 | 56f75316a6d7ea1400e171b6 | generic | Several works from the Golden Age of Animation matched the action to classical music. Notable examples are Walt Disney's Fantasia, Tom and Jerry's Johann Mouse, and Warner Bros.' Rabbit of Seville and What's Opera, Doc?. | Who starred in Johann Mouse? | {'text': 'Tom and Jerry', 'answer_start': 131} |
7,999 | 7,657 | 5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af40 | generic | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less... | Which types of school projects haven't called the model of comprehensive schools into question? | {'text': 'City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes', 'answer_start': 1051} |
62,812 | 62,470 | 5a6687f8f038b7001ab0bf66 | generic | Lossy data compression is the converse of lossless data compression. In these schemes, some loss of information is acceptable. Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the h... | What is there a corresponding compression scheme between? | {'text': 'preserving information and reducing size', 'answer_start': 550} |
94,788 | 94,446 | 572b56cd34ae481900dead9a | generic | The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Zinc mines at Zawar, near Udaipur in India, have been active since the Mauryan period. The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around... | Active zinc mines in India date back to what period? | {'text': 'Mauryan period', 'answer_start': 231} |
81,906 | 81,564 | 5728c608ff5b5019007da66a | generic | The Saharan cheetah (northwest African cheetah) lives in Algeria, Togo, Niger, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. There remain fewer than 250 mature cheetahs, which are very cautious, fleeing any human presence. The cheetah avoids the sun from April to October, seeking the shelter of shrubs such as balanites and acacias. T... | How many cheetahs remain in the Northwest Africa area? | {'text': '250', 'answer_start': 134} |
70,553 | 70,211 | 5ad41d22604f3c001a4005b7 | generic | The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants. (The prominent roles of West Indians among Bermuda's black politicians and labour activists predated party politics in Bermuda, as exemplified by Dr. E. F. Gordon). The late... | Who had dominated CARICOM? | {'text': 'West Indians and their descendants.', 'answer_start': 111} |
25,122 | 24,780 | 56f8a0dd9e9bad19000a0209 | generic | Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose; this is known as the 3' end of the molecule. The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end. The two strands of a ... | What is known as the 5' end? | {'text': 'an exposed phosphate group', 'answer_start': 251} |
83,369 | 83,027 | 572814623acd2414000df3f8 | generic | The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three muse... | What did the city hall used to be known as? | {'text': 'Hôtel de Hanau', 'answer_start': 387} |
61,330 | 60,988 | 5726e7d55951b619008f8207 | generic | Life with My Sister Madonna, a book by Madonna's brother Christopher, debuted at number two on The New York Times bestseller list. The book caused some friction between Madonna and her brother, because of the unsolicited publication. Problems also arose between Madonna and Ritchie, with the media reporting that they we... | What is the title of the book by Madonna's brother? | {'text': 'Life with My Sister Madonna', 'answer_start': 0} |
23,284 | 22,942 | 56f8d2049b226e1400dd1083 | generic | It has been revealed that Southampton has the worst behaved secondary schools within the UK. With suspension rates three times the national average, the suspension rate is approximately 1 in every 14 children, the highest in the country for physical or verbal assaults against staff. | Which level of schools in Southampton are the worst behaved in the UK? | {'text': 'secondary', 'answer_start': 60} |
84,530 | 84,188 | 572838912ca10214002da0fc | generic | Nasser was known for his intimate relationship with ordinary Egyptians. His availability to the public, despite assassination attempts against him, was unparalleled among his successors. A skilled orator, Nasser gave 1,359 speeches between 1953 and 1970, a record for any Egyptian head of state. Historian Elie Podeh wro... | What was Nasser known for in regard to ordinary citizens? | {'text': 'availability to the public', 'answer_start': 76} |
83,820 | 83,478 | 5728479e2ca10214002da235 | generic | In addition to the Vedas, the principal texts of Hinduism, the core themes of the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are said to have their ultimate origins during this period. The Mahabharata remains, today, the longest single poem in the world. Historians formerly postulated an "epic age" as the milieu of these ... | Which Vedic text is the longest single poem on Earth? | {'text': 'Mahabharata', 'answer_start': 186} |
90,106 | 89,764 | 5ad4140b604f3c001a400283 | generic | Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic n... | Which political party does Alaska generally not support? | {'text': 'Republicans', 'answer_start': 26} |
53,072 | 52,730 | 5ad19d3c645df0001a2d2128 | generic | In 1906, the tungsten filament was introduced. Tungsten metal was initially not available in a form that allowed it to be drawn into fine wires. Filaments made from sintered tungsten powder were quite fragile. By 1910, a process was developed by William D. Coolidge at General Electric for production of a ductile form o... | What made filaments quite strong? | {'text': 'sintered tungsten powder', 'answer_start': 165} |
35,525 | 35,183 | 570ac16f4103511400d59990 | generic | The disadvantage of the ski-jump is the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load (and thus range); heavily laden aircraft can not launch using a ski-jump because their high loaded weight requires either a longer takeoff roll than is possible on a carrier deck, or assistance from a catapult or JATO roc... | How is the Russian SU-33 able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov? | {'text': 'with a minimal armament and fuel load', 'answer_start': 414} |
97,909 | 97,567 | 572a7e1af75d5e190021faef | generic | However, all of these facets of medieval university life are considered by standard scholarship to be independent medieval European developments with no tracable Islamic influence. Generally, some reviewers have pointed out the strong inclination of Makdisi of overstating his case by simply resting on "the accumulation... | What was Makdisi accused of doing when evaluating the parallels between European and Islamic schools? | {'text': 'overstating his case', 'answer_start': 261} |
6,397 | 6,055 | 56db1d2fe7c41114004b4d69 | generic | Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo, and for managing to survive elimination for many weeks due in part to the weblog Vote for the Worst and satellite radio personality Howard Stern, who both encouraged fans to vote for him. However, on April 18, Sanjaya was vot... | Which weblog helped Sanjaya survive elimination week over and over again? | {'text': 'Vote for the Worst', 'answer_start': 176} |
108,381 | 108,039 | 572f3c9604bcaa1900d767aa | generic | Flower ontogeny uses a combination of genes normally responsible for forming new shoots. The most primitive flowers probably had a variable number of flower parts, often separate from (but in contact with) each other. The flowers tended to grow in a spiral pattern, to be bisexual (in plants, this means both male and fe... | What did some plant parts do as they evolved? | {'text': 'fused together', 'answer_start': 452} |
93,808 | 93,466 | 5a3ab7fa3ff257001ab84226 | generic | Prior to Einstein's paper, electromagnetic radiation such as visible light was considered to behave as a wave: hence the use of the terms "frequency" and "wavelength" to characterise different types of radiation. The energy transferred by a wave in a given time is called its intensity. The light from a theatre spotligh... | What is the energy lost by a wave in a long time called? | {'text': 'intensity', 'answer_start': 276} |
112,234 | 111,892 | 572fee59b2c2fd14005685f6 | generic | The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpatio... | What eventually caused Jugurtha to become a captive? | {'text': 'treachery', 'answer_start': 545} |
54,220 | 53,878 | 5726da6a708984140094d393 | generic | During the Hungnam evacuation, about 193 shiploads of UN Command forces and matériel (approximately 105,000 soldiers, 98,000 civilians, 17,500 vehicles, and 350,000 tons of supplies) were evacuated to Pusan. The SS Meredith Victory was noted for evacuating 14,000 refugees, the largest rescue operation by a single ship,... | What year was the Presidential Proclamation lifted? | {'text': '1978', 'answer_start': 647} |
46,850 | 46,508 | 5acebc8432bba1001ae4b252 | generic | T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: By Constantius's order, the sole ruler of The Roman Empire at the death of his brother Constans, the Council of Arles in 353, was held, which was presided over by Vincent, Bishop of Capua, in the name of Pope Liberius. The ... | Who agreed with the order? | {'text': 'Pope', 'answer_start': 301} |
34,865 | 34,523 | 5ad257fbd7d075001a428db5 | generic | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What is affective neuroscience not a sub-field of? | {'text': 'neuroscience', 'answer_start': 563} |
8,329 | 7,987 | 5ad00faf77cf76001a686848 | generic | Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congo... | What is the Congolese Labour Party called in German? | {'text': 'Parti Congolais du Travail', 'answer_start': 309} |
95,804 | 95,462 | 5ace620d32bba1001ae4a4e2 | generic | By 1755, the obstacle to westward expansion had been thus reduced by half; outposts of the English colonists had penetrated the Allegheny and Cumberland plateaus, threatening French monopoly in the transmontane region, and a conflict became inevitable. Making common cause against the French to determine the control of ... | Who did the French take the transmontane region from? | {'text': 'the English', 'answer_start': 87} |
123,379 | 123,037 | 5a2ee985a83784001a7d2559 | generic | Brasília has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) according to the Köppen system, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, from October to April, and a dry season, from May to September. The average temperature is 20.6 °C (69.1 °F). September, at the end of the dry season, has the highest average maximum temperature, 28... | How much rain is there during the highest rainfall of the year in October? | {'text': '247.4 mm (9.7 in)', 'answer_start': 537} |
120,312 | 119,970 | 57312cffa5e9cc1400cdbcc5 | generic | According to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexico City, with an estimated population of 200... | How many years of selective breeding did it take to domesticate maize? | {'text': 'thousands', 'answer_start': 465} |
107,332 | 106,990 | 572eeae6cb0c0d14000f1672 | generic | On the Indian subcontinent, the Mughal Empire ruled most of India in the early 18th century. The "classic period" ended with the death and defeat of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 by the rising Hindu Maratha Empire, although the dynasty continued for another 150 years. During this period, the Empire was marked by a highly c... | What happened when the Maratha Army lost the third battle of Panipat? | {'text': 'the empire was then divided into a confederacy of Maratha states.', 'answer_start': 894} |
3,471 | 3,129 | 56cebdd0aab44d1400b8897f | generic | Even with the five largest cities in Sichuan suffering only minor damage from the quake, some estimates of the economic loss run higher than US$75 billion, making the earthquake one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history. | What is an estimate of the economic loss from the quake? | {'text': '$75 billion', 'answer_start': 143} |
111,193 | 110,851 | 572faeefa23a5019007fc892 | generic | The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth. The Homeric Epics (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the 19th century that sc... | How did they believe their forebears lived ? | {'text': 'Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth', 'answer_start': 78} |
14,472 | 14,130 | 56dfa5ca7aa994140058df86 | generic | Although Alexander Graham Bell is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, his interests were extremely varied. According to one of his biographers, Charlotte Gray, Bell's work ranged "unfettered across the scientific landscape" and he often went to bed voraciously reading the Encyclopædia Britannica,... | What series of books does Gray say Bell would go to sleep reading? | {'text': 'Encyclopædia Britannica', 'answer_start': 296} |
114,534 | 114,192 | 5a79e18717ab25001a8a0140 | generic | A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution inclu... | What is one who injures a player during a game called? | {'text': 'substitutes', 'answer_start': 39} |
57,418 | 57,076 | 5726fc5d5951b619008f840f | generic | Napoleon married Joséphine de Beauharnais in 1796, when he was 26; she was a 32-year-old widow whose first husband had been executed during the Revolution. Until she met Bonaparte, she had been known as "Rose", a name which he disliked. He called her "Joséphine" instead, and she went by this name henceforth. Bonaparte ... | Who did Napoleon marry in 1796? | {'text': 'Joséphine de Beauharnais', 'answer_start': 17} |
116,859 | 116,517 | 573094c48ab72b1400f9c5bf | generic | There are a number of aids available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. A visual approach slope indicator (VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are often accompani... | What does VASI stand for? | {'text': 'visual approach slope indicator', 'answer_start': 98} |
84,045 | 83,703 | 5728ad383acd2414000dfcb7 | generic | The Mughals were perhaps the richest single dynasty to have ever existed. During the Mughal era, the dominant political forces consisted of the Mughal Empire and its tributaries and, later on, the rising successor states – including the Maratha Empire – which fought an increasingly weak Mughal dynasty. The Mughals, whi... | With what styles did Mughal Rulers merge their Tuko-Persian culture? | {'text': 'ancient Indian', 'answer_start': 1292} |
30,254 | 29,912 | 57063fcb52bb8914006899b4 | generic | Several bit rates are specified in the MPEG-1 Audio Layer III standard: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256 and 320 kbit/s, with available sampling frequencies of 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz. MPEG-2 Audio Layer III allows bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 kbit/s with sa... | What kind of filter requires a larger margin for error? | {'text': 'imperfect filters', 'answer_start': 665} |
100,037 | 99,695 | 5a7a0b7d17ab25001a8a025c | generic | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | When is Praha morphology more regular than scientific terminology? | {'text': 'when changing from the nominative to the locative case', 'answer_start': 244} |
123,278 | 122,936 | 57325c4ab9d445190005eaa1 | generic | Protestants have founded hospitals, homes for disabled or elderly people, educational institutions, organizations that give aid to developing countries, and other social welfare agencies. In the nineteenth century, throughout the Anglo-American world, numerous dedicated members of all Protestant denominations were acti... | Who first introduced social insurance programs? | {'text': 'Chancellor Otto von Bismarck', 'answer_start': 499} |
83,930 | 83,588 | 572878323acd2414000dfa39 | generic | From the fifth century to the thirteenth, Śrauta sacrifices declined, and initiatory traditions of Buddhism, Jainism or more commonly Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism expanded in royal courts. This period produced some of India's finest art, considered the epitome of classical development, and the development of the ... | What area did Harsha unite during his reign? | {'text': 'northern India', 'answer_start': 467} |
30,447 | 30,105 | 57069bdd52bb891400689ad1 | generic | Starting in 1984, some of these DJs, inspired by Jesse Saunders' success with "On and On", tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions. These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments to emulate not just Saunders' song, but the edited, enhanced styles of disco and other dance music... | what type of audience was early disco and dance catered to? | {'text': 'African-American and gay audiences', 'answer_start': 450} |
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